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'{{short description|County in Michigan, United States}} {{Use mdy dates|date=December 2018}} {{Infobox U.S. county | county = Kalkaska County | state = Michigan | ex image = Kalkaska County Government Offices (Michigan).jpg | ex image size = 300px | ex image cap = Kalkaska County Government Offices in [[Kalkaska, Michigan|Kalkaska]] | seal = | founded year = 1840 (established)<br/>1871 (organized)<ref name=clarke>{{cite web|url=http://clarke.cmich.edu/resource_tab/bibliographies_of_clarke_library_material/michigan_local_history/county_material/kalkaska.html|publisher=[[Clarke Historical Library]], [[Central Michigan University]]|title=Bibliography on Kalkaska County|access-date=January 19, 2013}}{{Dead link|date=June 2023}}</ref> | seat wl = Kalkaska | largest city = Kalkaska | city type = village | area_total_sq_mi = 571 | area_land_sq_mi = 560 | area_water_sq_mi = 11 | area percentage = 1.9% | census yr = 2020 | pop = 17,939 | density_sq_mi = 31 | district = 1st | time zone = Eastern | web = kalkaskacounty.net }} '''Kalkaska County''' ({{IPAc-en|k|æ|l|ˈ|k|æ|s|k|ə}} {{respell|kal|KASS|kə}}) is located in the [[U.S. state]] of [[Michigan]]. As of the [[2020 United States Census|2020 Census]], the population was 17,939.<ref name=QF>{{cite web|title=State & County QuickFacts|url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/kalkaskacountymichigan/POP010220|publisher=US Census Bureau|access-date=September 15, 2021}}</ref> The [[county seat]] is [[Kalkaska, Michigan|Kalkaska]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx|access-date=June 7, 2011|title=Find a County|publisher=National Association of Counties}}</ref> Kalkaska County is part of the [[Traverse City, Michigan|Traverse City]] [[Traverse City micropolitan area|Micropolitan Statistical Area]]. Although it is located on Michigan's Lower Peninsula, Kalkaska County is considered part of [[Northern Michigan]]. ==History== [[Image:1842 Leelenaw Omeena Negissee Wabbassee Okkuddo Shawwano counties Michigan.jpg|thumb|A detail from ''[[:File:1842 A new map of Michigan with its canals roads distances by H.S. Tanner.jpg|A New Map of Michigan with its Canals, Roads & Distances]]'' (1842) by [[Henry Schenck Tanner]], showing Kalkaska County as "Wabbassee" (a misspelling of Wabassee, the county's name from 1840 to 1843.<ref name=Newberry/>) Several nearby counties are also shown with names that would later be changed.]] {{See also|History of Northern Michigan}} Kalkaska County, originally named '''Wabassee County''', was separated from [[Mackinac County, Michigan|Michilimackinac County]] in 1840,<ref>{{cite book |author=George Dawson |date=1840 |title=Acts of the Legislature of the State of Michigan Passed at the Annual Session of 1840 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aDg4AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA196 |location=Detroit |pages=196-200}}</ref> renamed in 1843.<ref name=Newberry>{{cite web|url=http://publications.newberry.org/ahcbp/documents/MI_Individual_County_Chronologies.htm|title= Michigan: Individual County Chronologies|author=Newberry Library|website=Atlas of County Historical Boundaries|access-date=November 4, 2016}}</ref><ref name=clarke/> In 1851, Kalkaska County was attached to [[Grand Traverse County, Michigan|Grand Traverse County]] for legal purposes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History in Grand Traverse County, Michigan |url=http://genealogytrails.com/mich/grandtraverse/history_county8.html |access-date=2023-01-21 |website=genealogytrails.com}}</ref> The first settler in Kalkaska County was William Copeland, from England, who purchased land in the northwest corner of the county in 1855. Kalkaska County was organized in its own right on January 27, 1871. [[Crawford County, Michigan|Crawford County]] was then temporarily attached to Kalkaska County for legal purposes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Genealogy Trails Kalkaska County Michigan |url=http://genealogytrails.com/mich/kalkaska/historycutler.html |access-date=2023-01-21 |website=genealogytrails.com}}</ref> === Etymology === The county's name is a pseudo-Native American word coined by [[Henry Schoolcraft]], a Michigan geographer and ethnologist.<ref>{{cite web |title=Michigan Counties |url=https://www.michigan.gov/hal/0,1607,7-160-15481_20826_20829-54126--,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090313052757/https://www.michigan.gov/hal/0%2C1607%2C7-160-15481_20826_20829-54126--%2C00.html |archive-date=March 13, 2009 |access-date=February 14, 2016 |website=Michigan.gov }}</ref> The name is thought to be a [[Chippewa]] word meaning flat or burned-over country. An alternative theory is that this is a [[neologism]] or neonym created by [[Henry Schoolcraft]], originally spelled Calcasca. Some theorists suggest this is word play. Schoolcraft's family name had been Calcraft, and the Ks may have been added to make the name appear more like a Native American word.<ref>[http://www.michigan.gov/hal/0,1607,7-160-15481_20826_20829-54126--,00.html Michigan History, County Names.]</ref> ==Geography== According to the [[United States Census Bureau|U.S. Census Bureau]], the county has a total area of {{convert|571|sqmi}}, of which {{convert|560|sqmi}} is land and {{convert|11|sqmi}} (1.9%) is water.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geo/maps-data/data/docs/gazetteer/counties_list_26.txt|publisher=US Census Bureau|access-date=September 26, 2014|date=August 22, 2012|title=2010 Census Gazetteer Files}}</ref> [[Kalkaska Sand]], the [[state soil]] of [[Michigan]], was named after the county because of the large amounts deposited in the area from [[glacier]]s in the [[Last Glacial Period|Ice Age]]. Kalkaska County has over 80 lakes and {{convert|275|mi|km}} of streams and rivers. Much of the county is marshland. County elevation ranges from {{convert|595|ft|m}} to about {{convert|1246|ft|m}}. This makes it one of the more uneven counties in the [[Lower Peninsula]]. The [[Pere Marquette State Forest]] covers much of the county. Glaciers shaped the area, creating a unique regional ecosystem. A large portion of the area is the Grayling outwash plain, a broad outwash plain including sandy ice-disintegration ridges; jack pine barrens, some white pine-red pine forest, and northern hardwood forest. Large lakes were created by glacial action.<ref>[http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/habitat/rlandscp/s7-2-2.htm Michigan regional geology.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130625181556/http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/habitat/rlandscp/s7-2-2.htm|date=June 25, 2013}}</ref> ===Lakes=== {{div col|colwidth=12em}} *[[Torch Lake (Antrim County, Michigan)|Torch Lake]] *[[Starvation Lake]] *[[Lake Skegemog]] *[[Bear Lake (Michigan)|Bear Lake]] *[[Manistee Lake (Kalkaska County, Michigan)|Manistee Lake]] *[[Grass Lake (Michigan)|Grass Lake]] *[[Rainbow Lake (Michigan)|Rainbow Lake]] *[[Blue Lake (Kalkaska County, Michigan)|Blue Lake]] *[[Cub Lake]] *[[Twin Lake]] *[[Little Twin Lake]] *[[Pickerel Lake (Kalkaska County, Michigan)|Pickerel Lake]] *[[Squaw Lake (Kalkaska County, Michigan)|Squaw Lake]] *[[Indian Lake (Kalkaska County, Michigan)|Indian Lake]] *[[Perch Lake (Kalkaska County, Michigan)|Perch Lake]] *[[Crawford Lake (Michigan)|Crawford Lake]] *[[Lost Lake (Kalkaska County, Michigan)|Lost Lake]] *[[Johnson Rd Lake]] *[[Log Lake]] *[[Selkirk Lake]] *[[Kettle Lake]] *[[Lake Placid (Michigan)|Lake Placid]] *[[Sand Lake (Michigan)|Sand Lake]] *[[Twenty Eight Lakes]] *[[East Lake (Michigan)|East Lake]] *[[Long Lake (Kalkaska County, Michigan)|Long Lake]] *[[Lake Five (Michigan)|Lake Five]] * Wheeler Lake *[[Fife Lake (Michigan)|Fife Lake]] {{div col end}} ===Rivers=== {{div col}} *[[Boardman River]] *[[Little Rapid River (Michigan)|Little Rapid River]] *[[Manistee River]] *[[Rapid River (Kalkaska County, Michigan)|Rapid River]] *[[Torch River (Michigan)|Torch River]] {{div col end}} ===Major highways=== *{{jct|country=USA|US|131}} – runs NE through the western part of the county. Enters at {{convert|4|mi|km}} north of SW corner; exits into [[Antrim County, Michigan|Antrim County]] near midpoint of north county line. *{{jct|state=MI|M|66}} – runs north–south through west-central part of county. Passes Kalkaska. *{{jct|state=MI|M|72}} – runs east and ESE through middle portion of county. Passes Kalkaska. ===Adjacent counties=== {{div col}} *[[Antrim County, Michigan|Antrim County]] – north *[[Otsego County, Michigan|Otsego County]] – northeast *[[Crawford County, Michigan|Crawford County]] – east *[[Roscommon County, Michigan|Roscommon County]] – southeast *[[Missaukee County, Michigan|Missaukee County]] – south *[[Wexford County, Michigan|Wexford County]] – southwest *[[Grand Traverse County, Michigan|Grand Traverse County]] – west {{div col end}} ==Demographics== {{US Census population |1870= 424 |1880= 2937 |1890= 5160 |1900= 7133 |1910= 8097 |1920= 5577 |1930= 3799 |1940= 5159 |1950= 4597 |1960= 4382 |1970= 5272 |1980= 10952 |1990= 13497 |2000= 16571 |2010= 17153 |2020= 17939 |align-fn=center |footnote=US Decennial Census<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=US Decennial Census|publisher=US Census Bureau|access-date=September 26, 2014}}</ref><br/>1790-1960<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mapserver.lib.virginia.edu|title=Historical Census Browser|publisher=University of Virginia Library|access-date=September 26, 2014}}</ref> 1900-1990<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/cencounts/mi190090.txt|title=Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990|publisher=US Census Bureau|access-date=September 26, 2014}}</ref><br/>1990-2000<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/briefs/phc-t4/tables/tab02.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100327165705/http://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/briefs/phc-t4/tables/tab02.pdf |archive-date=2010-03-27 |url-status=live|title=Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000|publisher=US Census Bureau|access-date=September 26, 2014}}</ref> 2010-2018<ref name=QF/> }} As of the [[2010 United States Census]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=US Census Bureau|access-date=January 31, 2008|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref> there were 16,571 people, 6,428 households, and 4,634 families residing in the county. The population density was {{convert|30|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 10,822 housing units at an average density of {{convert|19|/mi2|/km2|}}. The racial makeup of the county was 98.44% [[Race (United States Census)|White]], 0.21% [[Race (United States Census)|Black]] or [[Race (United States Census)|African American]], 0.78% [[Race (United States Census)|Native American]], 0.22% [[Race (United States Census)|Asian]], 0.05% [[Race (United States Census)|Pacific Islander]], 0.10% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], 0.86% of the population were [[Race (United States Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Race (United States Census)|Latino]] of any race. 24.6% were of [[germans|German]], 12.4% [[English people|English]], 10.4% [[Irish people|Irish]], 10.0% [[United States|American]], 6.3% [[Polish people|Polish]] and 5.1% [[French people|French]] ancestry. 98.8% spoke English as their first language. There were 6,428 households, out of which 31.70% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.60% were married couples living together, 9.00% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.90% were non-families. 22.30% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.20% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.55 and the average family size was 2.95. The county population contained 25.60% under the age of 18, 7.60% from 18 to 24, 28.60% from 25 to 44, 24.50% from 45 to 64, and 13.70% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.30 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.90 males. The median income for a household in the county was $36,072, and the median income for a family was $39,932. Males had a median income of $31,860 versus $20,455 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the county was $16,309. About 8.20% of families and 10.50% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 14.20% of those under age 18 and 7.00% of those age 65 or over. ==Government== Kalkaska County voters have been reliably Republican from the start. They have selected the Republican Party nominee in 85% of national elections (29 of 35). {{PresHead|place=Kalkaska County, Michigan|whig=no|source1=<ref>[http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS US Election Atlas]</ref>}} <!-- PresRow should be {{PresRow|Year|Winning party|GOP/Whig vote #|Dem vote #|3rd party vote #|State}} --> {{PresRow|2020|Republican|7,436|3,002|193|Michigan}} {{PresRow|2016|Republican|6,116|2,280|437|Michigan}} {{PresRow|2012|Republican|4,901|3,272|126|Michigan}} {{PresRow|2008|Republican|4,527|3,780|192|Michigan}} {{PresRow|2004|Republican|5,084|3,189|107|Michigan}} {{PresRow|2000|Republican|3,842|2,774|233|Michigan}} {{PresRow|1996|Democratic|2,455|2,666|974|Michigan}} {{PresRow|1992|Democratic|2,173|2,297|1,956|Michigan}} {{PresRow|1988|Republican|3,369|2,092|43|Michigan}} {{PresRow|1984|Republican|3,623|1,595|21|Michigan}} {{PresRow|1980|Republican|2,802|1,807|357|Michigan}} {{PresRow|1976|Republican|2,280|1,957|54|Michigan}} {{PresRow|1972|Republican|1,855|924|102|Michigan}} {{PresRow|1968|Republican|1,190|753|290|Michigan}} {{PresRow|1964|Democratic|861|1,220|3|Michigan}} {{PresRow|1960|Republican|1,341|693|5|Michigan}} {{PresRow|1956|Republican|1,443|636|9|Michigan}} {{PresRow|1952|Republican|1,326|483|14|Michigan}} {{PresRow|1948|Republican|837|400|40|Michigan}} {{PresRow|1944|Republican|992|409|11|Michigan}} {{PresRow|1940|Republican|1,155|718|12|Michigan}} {{PresRow|1936|Democratic|855|952|63|Michigan}} {{PresRow|1932|Republican|705|649|131|Michigan}} {{PresRow|1928|Republican|988|160|20|Michigan}} {{PresRow|1924|Republican|966|205|200|Michigan}} {{PresRow|1920|Republican|890|224|102|Michigan}} {{PresRow|1916|Republican|724|430|106|Michigan}} {{PresRow|1912|Progressive|448|293|647|Michigan}} {{PresRow|1908|Republican|1,153|356|154|Michigan}} {{PresRow|1904|Republican|1,354|184|76|Michigan}} {{PresRow|1900|Republican|1,312|361|66|Michigan}} {{PresRow|1896|Republican|940|422|54|Michigan}} {{PresRow|1892|Republican|717|389|100|Michigan}} {{PresRow|1888|Republican|798|400|82|Michigan}} {{PresFoot|1884|Republican|630|369|35|Michigan}} The county government operates the [[County jail|jail]], maintains rural roads, operates the major local courts, records deeds, mortgages, and [[vital records]], administers [[public health]] regulations, and participates with the state in the provision of social services. The [[county commission|county board of commissioners]] controls the budget and has limited authority to make laws or ordinances. In Michigan, most local government functions—police and fire, building and zoning, tax assessment, street maintenance, etc.—are the responsibility of individual cities and townships. ==Events== The [[National Trout Festival]] is an annual festival since 1936, held in April. It notes the heritage and sportsmanship of Kalkaska.<ref>[http://www.nationaltroutfestival.com/ National Trout festival, and picture of 'the trout.']</ref> ==Communities== [[File:Kalkaska County, MI census map.png|thumb|400px|[[United States Census|U.S. Census]] data map showing local municipal boundaries within Kalkaska County]] ===Village=== * [[Kalkaska, Michigan|Kalkaska]] (county seat) ===Civil townships=== {{div col|colwidth=22em}} * [[Bear Lake Township, Kalkaska County, Michigan|Bear Lake Township]] * [[Blue Lake Township, Kalkaska County, Michigan|Blue Lake Township]] * [[Boardman Township, Michigan|Boardman Township]] * [[Clearwater Township, Michigan|Clearwater Township]] * [[Coldsprings Township, Michigan|Coldsprings Township]] * [[Excelsior Township, Michigan|Excelsior Township]] * [[Garfield Township, Kalkaska County, Michigan|Garfield Township]] * [[Kalkaska Township, Michigan|Kalkaska Township]] * [[Oliver Township, Kalkaska County, Michigan|Oliver Township]] * [[Orange Township, Kalkaska County, Michigan|Orange Township]] * [[Rapid River Township, Michigan|Rapid River Township]] * [[Springfield Township, Kalkaska County, Michigan|Springfield Township]] {{div col end}} === Former townships === * [[Glade Township, Michigan|Glade Township]] * [[Wilson Township, Kalkaska County, Michigan|Wilson Township]] ===Census-designated places=== * [[Bear Lake, Kalkaska County, Michigan|Bear Lake]] * [[Manistee Lake, Michigan|Manistee Lake]] * [[Rapid City, Michigan|Rapid City]] * [[South Boardman, Michigan|South Boardman]] ===Unincorporated communities=== * [[Clearwater Township, Michigan#Communities|Barker Creek]] * [[Boardman Township, Michigan#Communities|Crofton]] * [[Coldsprings Township, Michigan#Communities|Darragh]] * [[Orange Township, Kalkaska County, Michigan#Communities|Lodi]] * [[Oliver Township, Kalkaska County, Michigan|Sigma]] * [[Spencer, Michigan|Spencer]] * [[Clearwater Township, Michigan#Communities|Torch River]] === Ghost towns === {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * [[Clearwater Township, Michigan|Aarwood]] * Amity * [[Clearwater Township, Michigan|Clearwater]] * [[Coldsprings Township, Michigan|Cold Spring]] * Culver * Dowen * [[Excelsior Township, Michigan|Excelsior]] * [[Garfield Township, Kalkaska County, Michigan|Fletcher]] * [[Clearwater Township, Michigan|France]] * [[Garfield Township, Kalkaska County, Michigan|Ivan]] * Kaska * [[Rapid River Township, Kalkaska County, Michigan|Leetsville]] * [[Bear Lake Township, Kalkaska County, Michigan|McGee]] * [[Rapid River Township, Kalkaska County, Michigan|Rugg]] * [[Garfield Township, Kalkaska County, Michigan|Sharon]]{{div col end}} == See also == * [[List of Michigan State Historic Sites in Kalkaska County, Michigan]] * [[Westwood Cemetery (Michigan)]] ==References== {{Reflist|30em}} ==Further reading== *Kalkaska Genealogical Society: ''Big Trout, Black Gold: History of Kalkaska County MI'' ==External links== *{{Official website|http://www.kalkaskacounty.net}} {{Geographic Location |Centre = Kalkaska County, Michigan |North = [[Antrim County, Michigan|Antrim County]] |Northeast = [[Otsego County, Michigan|Otsego County]] |East = [[Crawford County, Michigan|Crawford County]] |Southeast = [[Roscommon County, Michigan|Roscommon County]] |South = [[Missaukee County, Michigan|Missaukee County]] |Southwest = [[Wexford County, Michigan|Wexford County]] |West = [[Grand Traverse County, Michigan|Grand Traverse County]] |Northwest = [[Lake Michigan]] }} {{Kalkaska County, Michigan}} {{Northern Michigan}} {{Michigan}} {{Authority control}} {{Coord|44.69|-85.08|display=title|type:adm2nd_region:US-MI_source:UScensus1990}} [[Category:Kalkaska County, Michigan| ]] [[Category:Michigan counties]] [[Category:Traverse City micropolitan area]] [[Category:1871 establishments in Michigan]] [[Category:Populated places established in 1871]]'