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02:05, 28 July 2023: Slowpokepanda (talk | contribs) triggered filter 833, performing the action "edit" on Forman Christian College. Actions taken: none; Filter description: Newer user possibly adding unreferenced or improperly referenced material (examine | diff)

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{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}}
{{Infobox university
{{Infobox university
| name = Forman Christian College
| name = Forman Christian College
| native_name =
| native_name = فارمن کرسچین کالج (ایک چارٹرڈ یونیورسٹی)
| image_size =
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| image_alt =
| caption =
| caption =
| latin_name =
| latin_name =
| motto = ''By love serve one another''
| motto = ''By love serve one another''
| motto_lang =
| motto_lang =
| mottoeng =
| mottoeng =
| established = {{Start date|1864}}
| established = {{Start date|1864}}
| closed = <!-- {{End date|YYYY}} -->
| closed = <!-- {{End date|YYYY}} -->
| type = [[Private Universities in Pakistan|Private not-for-profit university]]
| type = [[Private Universities in Pakistan|Private not-for-profit university]]
| affiliation =
| affiliation =
| endowment =
| endowment =
| budget =
| budget =
| rector = [[Jonathan Addleton]]
| rector = [[Jonathan Addleton]]
| officer_in_charge =
| officer_in_charge =
| chancellor =
| chancellor =
| director =
| director =
| head_label =
| head_label =
| head =
| head =
| academic_staff = 220
| academic_staff = 220
| administrative_staff =
| administrative_staff =
| students = 9,000
| students = 9,000
| undergrad =
| undergrad =
| postgrad =
| postgrad =
| doctoral =
| doctoral =
| other =
| other =
| address = Forman Christian College Ferozepur Road Lahore 54600 Pakistan
| address = Forman Christian College Ferozepur Road Lahore 54600 Pakistan
| city = [[Lahore, Punjab]]
| city = [[Lahore, Punjab]]
| country = Pakistan
| country = Pakistan
| campus = [[Residential college]], {{cvt|108|acre}}
| campus = [[Residential college]], {{cvt|108|acre}}
| former_names = FC College
| former_names = FC College
| free_label =
| free_label =
| free =
| free =
| athletics =
| athletics =
| sports =
| sports =
| mascot =
| mascot =
| website = {{URL|http://www.fccollege.edu.pk/}}
| website = {{URL|http://www.fccollege.edu.pk/}}
| logo =
| logo =
| footnotes =
| footnotes =
| image = FCUniversity-Logo.jpg
| image = FCUniversity-Logo.jpg
| coor =
| coor =
| colors = Blue,Grey and White
| colors = Blue,Grey and White
| other_name = FC College, FCC / FCCU
| other_name = FC College, FCC / FCCU
| affiliations =
| affiliations =
}}
}}


'''Forman Christian College''' is a Private not-for-profit university [[Liberal arts college|liberal arts]] [[Universities in Pakistan|university]] in [[Lahore, Punjab]], Pakistan. It was founded in 1864 and is administered by the [[Presbyterian Church (USA)|Presbyterian Church]]. The university follows an [[Education in the United States|American-style]] curriculum.<ref name="Google maps">{{cite web|title=address of FC College University|url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=fc%20college%20university&psj=1&bav=on.2,or.r_qf.&bvm=bv.52164340,d.cGE,pv.xjs.s.en_US.CQsooEYev9Y.O&biw=1024&bih=566&dpr=1&um=1&ie=UTF-8&hl=en&sa=N&tab=wl|publisher=Google Maps|access-date=13 September 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/196458/fc-college-university-best-students-feted-ahead-of-convocation/|title=FC College University: Best students feted ahead of convocation - The Express Tribune|date=2011-06-25|website=The Express Tribune|language=en-US|access-date=2016-06-15}}</ref>
'''Forman Christian College (A Chartered University)''' {Urdu: فارمن کرسچین کالج (ایک چارٹرڈ یونیورسٹی)} is a Private not-for-profit university [[Liberal arts college|liberal arts]] [[Universities in Pakistan|university]] in [[Lahore, Punjab]], Pakistan. It was founded in 1864 and is administered by the [[Presbyterian Church (USA)|Presbyterian Church]]. The university follows an [[Education in the United States|American-style]] curriculum.<ref name="Google maps">{{cite web|title=address of FC College University|url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=fc%20college%20university&psj=1&bav=on.2,or.r_qf.&bvm=bv.52164340,d.cGE,pv.xjs.s.en_US.CQsooEYev9Y.O&biw=1024&bih=566&dpr=1&um=1&ie=UTF-8&hl=en&sa=N&tab=wl|publisher=Google Maps|access-date=13 September 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/196458/fc-college-university-best-students-feted-ahead-of-convocation/|title=FC College University: Best students feted ahead of convocation - The Express Tribune|date=2011-06-25|website=The Express Tribune|language=en-US|access-date=2016-06-15}}</ref>


Founded in 1864 by [[People of the United States|American]] [[Presbyterianism|Presbyterian]] missionary [[Charles William Forman]], the college was initially named Mission College, and changed its name in 1894 to Forman Christian College, in honor of its founder. Forman served as an associated college of the [[University of Calcutta]] until 1947 when it became affiliated with the [[University of Punjab]]. In 2004, the government granted it [[university charter]] hence providing it with degree awarding authority.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fccollege.edu.pk/heritage/|title=History of FCC}}{{Dead link|date=September 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="About FCC University">{{cite web|title=About FCC|url=http://www.fccollege.edu.pk/about|access-date=13 September 2013|publisher=Forman Christian College}}</ref>
Founded in 1864 by [[People of the United States|American]] [[Presbyterianism|Presbyterian]] missionary [[Charles William Forman]], the college was initially named Mission College, and changed its name in 1894 to Forman Christian College, in honor of its founder. Forman served as an associated college of the [[University of Calcutta]] until 1947 when it became affiliated with the [[University of Punjab]]. In 2004, the government granted it [[university charter]] hence providing it with degree awarding authority.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fccollege.edu.pk/heritage/|title=History of FCC}}{{Dead link|date=September 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="About FCC University">{{cite web|title=About FCC|url=http://www.fccollege.edu.pk/about|access-date=13 September 2013|publisher=Forman Christian College}}</ref>

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'{{Short description|University in Pakistan}} {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}} {{Infobox university | name = Forman Christian College | native_name = | image_size = | image_alt = | caption = | latin_name = | motto = ''By love serve one another'' | motto_lang = | mottoeng = | established = {{Start date|1864}} | closed = <!-- {{End date|YYYY}} --> | type = [[Private Universities in Pakistan|Private not-for-profit university]] | affiliation = | endowment = | budget = | rector = [[Jonathan Addleton]] | officer_in_charge = | chancellor = | director = | head_label = | head = | academic_staff = 220 | administrative_staff = | students = 9,000 | undergrad = | postgrad = | doctoral = | other = | address = Forman Christian College Ferozepur Road Lahore 54600 Pakistan | city = [[Lahore, Punjab]] | country = Pakistan | campus = [[Residential college]], {{cvt|108|acre}} | former_names = FC College | free_label = | free = | athletics = | sports = | mascot = | website = {{URL|http://www.fccollege.edu.pk/}} | logo = | footnotes = | image = FCUniversity-Logo.jpg | coor = | colors = Blue,Grey and White | other_name = FC College, FCC / FCCU | affiliations = }} '''Forman Christian College''' is a Private not-for-profit university [[Liberal arts college|liberal arts]] [[Universities in Pakistan|university]] in [[Lahore, Punjab]], Pakistan. It was founded in 1864 and is administered by the [[Presbyterian Church (USA)|Presbyterian Church]]. The university follows an [[Education in the United States|American-style]] curriculum.<ref name="Google maps">{{cite web|title=address of FC College University|url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=fc%20college%20university&psj=1&bav=on.2,or.r_qf.&bvm=bv.52164340,d.cGE,pv.xjs.s.en_US.CQsooEYev9Y.O&biw=1024&bih=566&dpr=1&um=1&ie=UTF-8&hl=en&sa=N&tab=wl|publisher=Google Maps|access-date=13 September 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/196458/fc-college-university-best-students-feted-ahead-of-convocation/|title=FC College University: Best students feted ahead of convocation - The Express Tribune|date=2011-06-25|website=The Express Tribune|language=en-US|access-date=2016-06-15}}</ref> Founded in 1864 by [[People of the United States|American]] [[Presbyterianism|Presbyterian]] missionary [[Charles William Forman]], the college was initially named Mission College, and changed its name in 1894 to Forman Christian College, in honor of its founder. Forman served as an associated college of the [[University of Calcutta]] until 1947 when it became affiliated with the [[University of Punjab]]. In 2004, the government granted it [[university charter]] hence providing it with degree awarding authority.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fccollege.edu.pk/heritage/|title=History of FCC}}{{Dead link|date=September 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="About FCC University">{{cite web|title=About FCC|url=http://www.fccollege.edu.pk/about|access-date=13 September 2013|publisher=Forman Christian College}}</ref> The college was initially based in the Rang Mahal in [[Walled City of Lahore|the Walled City of Lahore]], which was leased by Charles <!--from the grand wazir of [[Emperor Shah Jahan]] -->with the support from foreign missions.<ref name="thefridaytimes.com">{{Cite web|url=http://www.thefridaytimes.com/tft/the-man-who-founded-fc-college/|title=The man who founded FC College ‹ The Friday Times|website=thefridaytimes.com|access-date=2016-06-15}}</ref> In 1889, it was shifted to Napier Road and was inaugurated by [[Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 5th Marquess of Lansdowne]]. Again, in 1940, the college was moved to its present campus on the banks of the [[Lahore Canal]].<ref name="thefridaytimes.com"/> The college remained financially autonomous until 1960 when the Pakistani government began annual grants for the college for its nursing program.<ref name="thefridaytimes.com"/> The college was nationalized in 1972 and remained nationalized until 2003 when control was returned to the [[Presbyterian Church (USA)|Presbyterian Church]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/256440/fc-college-an-amazing-transformation/|title=FC College: an amazing transformation - The Express Tribune|date=2011-09-20|website=The Express Tribune|language=en-US|access-date=2016-06-15}}</ref> Forman is also known for its noted alumni and staff, including former [[Indian prime minister|Indian Prime Minister]] [[I. K. Gujral]],World badminton Champion Sarwan Khan,former Pakistani Presidents [[Farooq Leghari]] and [[Pervez Musharraf]], diplomat Jamsheed Marker, journalist Kuldip Nayar, and activist [[Eqbal Ahmad]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pakistaniat.com/2008/03/30/forman-christian-fc-colleges-political-clout/|title=Forman Christian (F.C.) College's Political Clout : ALL THINGS PAKISTAN|access-date=2016-06-15}}</ref> As of 2020, Forman was home to 8,435 students including 3,173 Intermediate students, 4,712 Baccalaureate students and 550 graduate students. It also has 220 full-time faculty members (more than 100 of whom have PhDs) as well as an alumni population of well over 21,000. Christians make up nearly 15% of the student body while the college runs a $1 million fund to finance scholarships for its students.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pcusa.org/news/2009/10/27/old-college-try/|title=Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) - News & Announcements - The old college try|author=Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.)|date=2009-10-27|website=pcusa.org|language=en|access-date=2016-06-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.presbyterianmission.org/donate/e051819/|title=E051819 – Forman Christian College Advance Fund, Lahore, Pakistan|website=Presbyterian Mission Agency|language=en-US|access-date=2016-06-15}}</ref> As of 2016, the college has been [[Rankings of universities in Pakistan|ranked ninth highest]] in Pakistan among medium-sized universities and is the only institution in Pakistan which is a member of the [[Global Liberal Arts Alliance]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hec.gov.pk/InsideHEC/Divisions/QALI/Others/RankingofUniversities/Pages/CategoryWise.aspx |title=Category Wise |website=hec.gov.pk |access-date=2016-06-15 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130525073744/http://www.hec.gov.pk/InsideHEC/Divisions/QALI/Others/RankingofUniversities/Pages/CategoryWise.aspx |archive-date=25 May 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fccollege.edu.pk/distinctively-fcc/|title=FCC Rankings}}</ref> Jonathan S. Addleton was inaugurated as the new Rector on 31 October 2020, following the retirement of his predecessor James A. Tebbe, who was awarded the Sitara-e-Imtiaz by the President of Pakistan; James A. Tebbe was in turn was preceded by Peter H. Armacost who had previously served as president of Eckerd College in St. Petersburg, Florida. ==History== [[File:FCC-in-1930.jpg|thumb|Forman Christian College in 1930]] Forman Christian College was founded in [[Lahore]], [[British India]] by Presbyterian Christian missionary [[Charles William Forman]] as Rang Mahal School, a Christian mission school.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kurian |first1=George Thomas |last2=Lamport |first2=Mark A. |title=Encyclopedia of Christianity in the United States |date=10 November 2016 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-1-4422-4432-0 |page=905 |language=English |quote=Forman decided at the outset to use English as the medium of instruction so that Western knowledge would be available to his students, making Rang Mahal the first English-language school in north India. In 1864 Forman added a college department, later renamed Forman Christian College after its founder.}}</ref> Forman arrived in Calcutta in what was then [[colonial India]] in 1847 and, two years later, settled in [[Lahore]], British India (now in Pakistan).<ref>{{cite book |title=Christian-Muslim Relations. A Bibliographical History Volume 16 North America, South-East Asia, China, Japan, and Australasia (1800-1914) |date=29 June 2020 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-42990-1 |language=English}}</ref> The school added a college department in 1865 which later became a university in 2005 known as Forman Christian College University. It started offering an American-style world-class education in Pakistan. FCCU started new postgraduate courses along with MBA in 2007.<ref>{{cite web |last=Ahmed |first=Haseeb |url=http://www.fccollege.edu.pk/about |title=About FCC |access-date=24 March 2013}}</ref> Native to Lahore, [[Surendra Kumar Datta]] was a professor of history and biology from 1909 to 1914 and served as the principal of Forman Christian College from 1932 to 1942, later becoming the president of the [[All India Conference of Indian Christians]] and representing the [[Christianity in India|Christian community of colonial India]] in the [[Round Table Conferences (India)|Round Table Conferences]].<ref name="R2">{{cite web |url= http://www.mundus.ac.uk/cats/13/1280.htm |title= Datta, Surendra Kumar |quote= Surendra Kumar Datta was born in 1878. He was lecturer in history and biology 1909-1914, and Principal 1932-1942 at Forman Christian College. |publisher= mundus.ac.uk|access-date= 8 May 2012 }}</ref><ref name="BlackHymanSmith2014">{{cite book |last1=Black |first1=Brian |last2=Hyman |first2=Gavin |last3=Smith |first3=Graham M. |title=Confronting Secularism in Europe and India: Legitimacy and Disenchantment in Contemporary Times |date=2014 |publisher=A&C Black |isbn=978-1-78093-607-9 |pages=88–91 |language=en}}</ref> One of Forman's faculty members, Prof. [[Arthur Compton]], conducted the bulk of his research on [[cosmic rays]] at FCC University for which he received the [[Nobel Prize]] in 1927. One of Professor Compton's former students Professor [[Piara Singh Gill]] taught at the college as lecturer in Physics between 1940 and 1947. Two alumni, Sir S. S. Bhatnagar and Bashir Ahmad, laid the foundation for scientific and industrial research in both parts of [[South Asia]] by establishing ICSIR and PCSIR respectively.{{Citation needed|date= October 2011}} The first two Science graduates of FC College University were also the first Science graduates of the [[University of the Punjab]] (1900–1902). In this way FCCU was the first to establish, in this part of the sub-continent, Departments of [[Biology]] (1898), [[Greek language|Greek]], [[Latin]] and [[Hebrew]] Languages (1895–96), Industrial Chemistry (1917), Geography (1924), setting up the [[Experimental Psychology]] Laboratory, introducing the [[tutorial system]]{{clarify|date=August 2010}} (1908), appointing Deans of the Faculties introducing [[co-education]]al system (1902), and establishing an [[alumni Association]] (1896).{{Citation needed|date= October 2011}} Besides this FCCU also started Software engineering, CS, and IT in 2006. ==Achievements== [[File:FC College Gold Medal.JPG|thumb|right|250px]] Achievements of other Formanites, as the graduates are called, include: * Its Principal [[James Caruthers Rhea Ewing|J. C. R. Ewing]] was knighted for his services to humanity and education. He served as Vice Chancellor of the Punjab University for seven years.{{Citation needed|date= October 2011}} * Formanite—alumnus and teacher of the college—Muhammad Yusuf Hashmi became the first Indian Principal of [[Madrasa 'Aliya]] in Calcutta, was recognized as an educator of distinction in [[British India]] and was titled [[Khan Bahadur]] by the British Crown. Later he was recognized in Pakistan also for his contributions to education and the [[Pakistan Movement]]. * Principal C. H. Rice and a faculty member, Khairat M. Ibne Rasa, became Vice Chancellors of the [[University of the Punjab|Punjab University]].{{Citation needed|date= October 2011}} * Justice Sir Mian Abdur Rashid, who was a Formanite and also the first Chief Justice of Pakistan, administered the oath of office to Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah as the first Governor General.{{Citation needed|date= October 2011}} * The English poet and scholar [[Alamgir Hashmi]] served as lecturer in English at Forman Christian College (early 1970s) and as faculty advisor to ''Folio''. ==Accreditation== The university has designed its four-year bachelor's degree program in accordance with the standards for accreditation in the U.S., and is seeking accreditation through the New England Commission of Higher Education (NECHE). ==Commemorative stamp== [[File:FC College's Postage Stamp.png|thumb|A Postage Stamp for Forman Christian College]] Forman Christian College has received a commemorative [[postage stamp]] in the celebration of completing the successful 150 years. Issued by [[Pakistan Post]], The stamp highlights a Sinclair Hall which was built to mark the centenary of FC College and was named after a devoted Principal Dr EJ Sinclair who served FCC for many years as a faculty member and Principal. == International Linkage == [[Global Liberal Arts Alliance]] [[Council of Independent Colleges|The Council of Independent Colleges - USA]] Association of American International Colleges and Universities<ref>{{Cite web |title=Instagram |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/cqnv1jbdj08/ |access-date=2023-04-05 |website=instagram.com}}</ref> As a member of the [[Global Liberal Arts Alliance]], FCCU holds the distinction of being the pioneer in Pakistan to introduce a liberal arts baccalaureate education, ensuring a well-rounded learning experience that combines both depth and breadth. FCCU is in the process of obtaining accreditation from the [[New England Commission of Higher Education|New England Commission of Higher Education (NECHE)]]. Upon securing this accreditation, FCCU will stand alone as the only university in Pakistan with U.S. accreditation.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Forman Christian College |url=https://friendsofforman.org/about/about-fccu |access-date=2023-07-28 |website=friendsofforman.org}}</ref> == The Institute == FCCU consists of two distinct schools: the college, or intermediate program, which is equivalent to the final two years of high school in the United States, is an all-male program as mandated by [[Government of Punjab, Pakistan|Government of Punjab]] law. The university, on the other hand, follows a western-style four-year liberal arts model, offering co-educational bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees. All courses are delivered in English.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Forman Christian College |url=https://friendsofforman.org/about/about-fccu |access-date=2023-07-28 |website=friendsofforman.org}}</ref> == Campus Life == The FCCU campus, a 108-acre green sanctuary, is situated in the heart of Lahore, a vibrant city with a population exceeding thirteen million. With a growing student body, the campus is continually evolving, with ongoing renovations and expansions to administrative and academic buildings, as well as staff and faculty residences. Since its denationalization, several new structures have been added to the campus, including the Armacost Science Building, Hope Tower, Mercy Health Care, the Light of Hope Elementary School, and the Media Center. The men's hostels, originally built in the 1940s, have been fully renovated. Currently, FCCU is in the final stages of constructing a 177,000-square-foot campus center that will house a new digital library, an auditorium, a Forman business incubation center, a dining hall, meeting rooms, society offices, and more.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Forman Christian College |url=https://friendsofforman.org/about/about-fccu |access-date=2023-07-28 |website=friendsofforman.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Munir |first=Haroon Christy |title=Campus Life |url=https://www.fccollege.edu.pk/campus-life/ |access-date=2023-07-28 |website=FCCU University |language=en-US}}</ref> == Forman Experience == FCCU offers a rich array of over thirty student-led societies or clubs, providing students with the opportunity to delve into specific academic interests or engage in their passion for music, drama, debate, art, photography, or sports outside of their regular coursework. These societies are dynamic hubs of activity, organizing more than 350 events and activities throughout the academic year. Participation in these societies not only fosters leadership skills and boosts self-confidence, but also creates a platform for students from diverse backgrounds to connect, discover shared interests, and enhance their understanding of each other.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Forman Christian College |url=https://friendsofforman.org/about/about-fccu |access-date=2023-07-28 |website=friendsofforman.org}}</ref> ==Notable alumni== <!-- Please do not add to this list unless your entry has an article on Wikipedia about them. Being in the category of alumni is not sufficient - there should be at least a mention of the college in the article, and preferably a citation to the fact --> ===Politicians=== * [[Surendra Kumar Datta]], president of the [[All India Conference of Indian Christians]] who represented the [[Christianity in India|Indian Christian]] community in the [[Round Table Conferences (India)|Round Table Conferences]]<ref name="R2"/><ref name="BlackHymanSmith2014"/> * [[Inayatullah Khan Mashriqi]], mathematician, logician, political theorist, Islamic scholar and founder of the [[Khaksar movement]]{{citation needed|date=April 2020}} * [[Yusuf Raza Gilani]], the 16th [[Prime Minister of Pakistan]] * [[Shaukat Tarin]], former Finance Minister of Pakistan * [[Jahangir Tareen]], Pakistani politician and businessman. * [[Inder Kumar Gujral]], the 12th [[Prime Minister of India]] * [[Parkash Singh Badal]], chief minister of Indian Punjab several times and elected again in 2012. * [[Muhammad Mian Soomro]], former Chairman of the [[Senate of Pakistan]], former caretaker [[Prime Minister]] & [[President of Pakistan]]. * [[Malik Barkat Ali]], former Punjabi Muslim League politician * [[Shah Mahmood Qureshi]], [[Foreign Minister of Pakistan]] and, the Vice Chairman of [[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]] * [[Shujaat Hussain]], former [[Prime Minister of Pakistan]] and current President of [[Pakistan Muslim League (Q)|PML-Q]] * [[Chaudhry Pervaiz Elahi]], former [[Chief Minister of Punjab (Pakistan)]] * [[Rao Sikandar Iqbal]] (1943–2010), former [[Defence Minister of Pakistan]]<ref>{{cite news|last=Piracha|first=Aslam|title=Rao Sikandar Iqbal dies|url=http://www.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/the-newspaper/front-page/rao-sikandar-iqbal-dies-090|access-date=5 October 2010|date=30 September 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101003072050/http://www.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/the-newspaper/front-page/rao-sikandar-iqbal-dies-090|archive-date=3 October 2010}}</ref> * [[Farooq Leghari]], former [[President of Pakistan]]. * [[Syed Afzal Haider]], former Pakistani law minister * [[Balram Jakhar]] (1923–2016), an Indian politician, parliamentarian, and former Governor of [[Madhya Pradesh]]. * [[Rafique Rajwana]], Governor of [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]]. * [[Kulsoom Nawaz]], wife of Mian Nawaz Sharif * [[Pyare Lal Kureel]], Indian politician, Dalit activist and Urdu poet ===Bureaucrats and diplomats=== * [[Roedad Khan]], former Secretary General [[Ministry of Interior (Pakistan)|Ministry of Interior]]. * [[Jamsheed Marker]], United Nations Under-secretary General, Ambassador at Large of Pakistan (honorary doctorate) ===Judiciary=== * [[Wajihuddin Ahmed|Justice (retired) Wajihuddin Ahmed]], Former Candidate for Presidential Election against Pervaiz Musharraf, Former Supreme Court Judge * [[Sardar Muhammad Raza Khan|Justice Sardar Muhammad Raza Khan]], Former Chief Justice Peshawar High Court, Supreme Court of Pakistan Judge * [[Abdul Rashid (judge)|Sir Abdul Rasheed]], First Chief Justice of Pakistan * [[Tassaduq Hussain Jillani|Justice (retired) Tassaduq Hussain Jillani]], Former Chief Justice of Pakistan ===Educators and scholars=== * [[Kauser Abdulla Malik]], secretary of the National Commission on [[Biotechnology]]. * [[Eqbal Ahmad]], post-colonial scholar and writer * [[Ishtiaq Ahmed (political scientist)|Ishtiaq Ahmed]], Professor Emeritus of Political Science, Stockholm University and Honorary Senior Fellow, Institute of South Asian Studies, National University of Singapore * [[Cecil Chaudhry]], a decorated war hero, who served as the Principal of [[St. Anthony's College (Lahore)]] * [[Mohini Maya Das]], associate national secretary of the [[YWCA]] for India, Ceylon, and Burma * [[Bipan Chandra]], eminent historian * [[Anwar Nasim]], nuclear scientist and molecular biologist * [[Georg Pfeffer]] (1943–2020), German anthropologist * [[Rama Tirtha]], Indian teacher of the [[Hindu]] philosophy of [[Vedanta]] * [[Muhammad Yusuf Hashmi|Khan Bahadur Muhammad Yusuf Syed-Al-Hashmi]], educator, mentor, reformer, All India Muslim League and Pakistan Movement leader * [[Arfa Sayeda Zehra]], Pakistani educationalist and Urdu language expert ===Industry=== * [[Ahmad Saeed|Chaudry Ahmed Saeed]], CEO of [[Servis Industries Limited|Servis Industries]] * Lord Paul, [[Swaraj Paul]], founder and CEO of [[Caparo]] Group * [[Anwar Pervez|Sir Mohammad Pervaiz Anwer]], Co-founder & Chairman, [[United Bank Limited]]. ===Journalism=== * [[Mushtaq Minhas]], Provincial Minister for Information and Communication AJK Assembly, anchor of Bolta Pakistan on [[Geo TV]] * [[Kuldip Nayar]], Indian author and journalist ===Literature and arts=== * [[Anwar Kamal Pasha]], pioneer Pakistani film director and producer. * [[Krishan Chander]], short story writer<ref name=zia>{{cite book|author=Malik Ram|year=1977|title=Zia Fatehabadi – Shakhs Aur Shair|language=ur|publisher=Ilmi Majlis|location=Delhi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UR_EGwAACAAJ|pages=116–117}} Zia Fatehabadi and Chander studied together at Forman</ref> * [[Mehr Lal Soni Zia Fatehabadi]], Urdu poet<ref name=zia/> * [[Yawar Hayat Khan]], senior producer/director of PTV * [[Balwant Gargi]], Punjabi playwright and author * [[Harcharan Singh (writer)|Harcharan Singh]], Punjabi playwright and dramatist * [[Shae Gill]], singer ===Armed forces=== * [[Noel Israel Khokhar]], General Officer Commanding 23rd Division<ref>[https://www.dharkan.ca/archive/summer2009.pdf Dharkan Summer 2009]{{Dead link|date=September 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> and Major General of Pakistan Army * [[Pervez Musharraf]], former [[President of Pakistan]], and former [[Chief of Army Staff of the Pakistan Army|Chief of Army Staff]] of [[Pakistan Army]] * [[Michael John O'Brian]], O'Brian was the first Pakistan Air Force officer to serve as the Commandant of the National Defence University, Islamabad. ==References== {{Reflist}} ==External links== * {{official website|http://www.fccollege.edu.pk}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080803141414/http://fccollege.edu.pk/alumni_friends_notable.php List of alumni] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110206193929/http://www.fccollege.edu.pk/student-life/societies/ewing-literary-society Ewing Literary Society] {{Universities and colleges in Lahore}} {{Global Liberal Arts Alliance}} {{coord missing|Lahore}} {{authority control}} [[Category:Forman Christian College| ]] [[Category:Educational institutions established in 1864]] [[Category:1864 establishments in British India]] [[Category:Nationalisation in Pakistan]]'
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'{{Short description|University in Pakistan}} {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}} {{Infobox university | name = Forman Christian College | native_name = فارمن کرسچین کالج (ایک چارٹرڈ یونیورسٹی) | image_size = | image_alt = | caption = | latin_name = | motto = ''By love serve one another'' | motto_lang = | mottoeng = | established = {{Start date|1864}} | closed = <!-- {{End date|YYYY}} --> | type = [[Private Universities in Pakistan|Private not-for-profit university]] | affiliation = | endowment = | budget = | rector = [[Jonathan Addleton]] | officer_in_charge = | chancellor = | director = | head_label = | head = | academic_staff = 220 | administrative_staff = | students = 9,000 | undergrad = | postgrad = | doctoral = | other = | address = Forman Christian College Ferozepur Road Lahore 54600 Pakistan | city = [[Lahore, Punjab]] | country = Pakistan | campus = [[Residential college]], {{cvt|108|acre}} | former_names = FC College | free_label = | free = | athletics = | sports = | mascot = | website = {{URL|http://www.fccollege.edu.pk/}} | logo = | footnotes = | image = FCUniversity-Logo.jpg | coor = | colors = Blue,Grey and White | other_name = FC College, FCC / FCCU | affiliations = }} '''Forman Christian College (A Chartered University)''' {Urdu: فارمن کرسچین کالج (ایک چارٹرڈ یونیورسٹی)} is a Private not-for-profit university [[Liberal arts college|liberal arts]] [[Universities in Pakistan|university]] in [[Lahore, Punjab]], Pakistan. It was founded in 1864 and is administered by the [[Presbyterian Church (USA)|Presbyterian Church]]. The university follows an [[Education in the United States|American-style]] curriculum.<ref name="Google maps">{{cite web|title=address of FC College University|url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=fc%20college%20university&psj=1&bav=on.2,or.r_qf.&bvm=bv.52164340,d.cGE,pv.xjs.s.en_US.CQsooEYev9Y.O&biw=1024&bih=566&dpr=1&um=1&ie=UTF-8&hl=en&sa=N&tab=wl|publisher=Google Maps|access-date=13 September 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/196458/fc-college-university-best-students-feted-ahead-of-convocation/|title=FC College University: Best students feted ahead of convocation - The Express Tribune|date=2011-06-25|website=The Express Tribune|language=en-US|access-date=2016-06-15}}</ref> Founded in 1864 by [[People of the United States|American]] [[Presbyterianism|Presbyterian]] missionary [[Charles William Forman]], the college was initially named Mission College, and changed its name in 1894 to Forman Christian College, in honor of its founder. Forman served as an associated college of the [[University of Calcutta]] until 1947 when it became affiliated with the [[University of Punjab]]. In 2004, the government granted it [[university charter]] hence providing it with degree awarding authority.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fccollege.edu.pk/heritage/|title=History of FCC}}{{Dead link|date=September 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="About FCC University">{{cite web|title=About FCC|url=http://www.fccollege.edu.pk/about|access-date=13 September 2013|publisher=Forman Christian College}}</ref> The college was initially based in the Rang Mahal in [[Walled City of Lahore|the Walled City of Lahore]], which was leased by Charles <!--from the grand wazir of [[Emperor Shah Jahan]] -->with the support from foreign missions.<ref name="thefridaytimes.com">{{Cite web|url=http://www.thefridaytimes.com/tft/the-man-who-founded-fc-college/|title=The man who founded FC College ‹ The Friday Times|website=thefridaytimes.com|access-date=2016-06-15}}</ref> In 1889, it was shifted to Napier Road and was inaugurated by [[Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 5th Marquess of Lansdowne]]. Again, in 1940, the college was moved to its present campus on the banks of the [[Lahore Canal]].<ref name="thefridaytimes.com"/> The college remained financially autonomous until 1960 when the Pakistani government began annual grants for the college for its nursing program.<ref name="thefridaytimes.com"/> The college was nationalized in 1972 and remained nationalized until 2003 when control was returned to the [[Presbyterian Church (USA)|Presbyterian Church]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/256440/fc-college-an-amazing-transformation/|title=FC College: an amazing transformation - The Express Tribune|date=2011-09-20|website=The Express Tribune|language=en-US|access-date=2016-06-15}}</ref> Forman is also known for its noted alumni and staff, including former [[Indian prime minister|Indian Prime Minister]] [[I. K. Gujral]],World badminton Champion Sarwan Khan,former Pakistani Presidents [[Farooq Leghari]] and [[Pervez Musharraf]], diplomat Jamsheed Marker, journalist Kuldip Nayar, and activist [[Eqbal Ahmad]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pakistaniat.com/2008/03/30/forman-christian-fc-colleges-political-clout/|title=Forman Christian (F.C.) College's Political Clout : ALL THINGS PAKISTAN|access-date=2016-06-15}}</ref> As of 2020, Forman was home to 8,435 students including 3,173 Intermediate students, 4,712 Baccalaureate students and 550 graduate students. It also has 220 full-time faculty members (more than 100 of whom have PhDs) as well as an alumni population of well over 21,000. Christians make up nearly 15% of the student body while the college runs a $1 million fund to finance scholarships for its students.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pcusa.org/news/2009/10/27/old-college-try/|title=Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) - News & Announcements - The old college try|author=Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.)|date=2009-10-27|website=pcusa.org|language=en|access-date=2016-06-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.presbyterianmission.org/donate/e051819/|title=E051819 – Forman Christian College Advance Fund, Lahore, Pakistan|website=Presbyterian Mission Agency|language=en-US|access-date=2016-06-15}}</ref> As of 2016, the college has been [[Rankings of universities in Pakistan|ranked ninth highest]] in Pakistan among medium-sized universities and is the only institution in Pakistan which is a member of the [[Global Liberal Arts Alliance]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hec.gov.pk/InsideHEC/Divisions/QALI/Others/RankingofUniversities/Pages/CategoryWise.aspx |title=Category Wise |website=hec.gov.pk |access-date=2016-06-15 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130525073744/http://www.hec.gov.pk/InsideHEC/Divisions/QALI/Others/RankingofUniversities/Pages/CategoryWise.aspx |archive-date=25 May 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fccollege.edu.pk/distinctively-fcc/|title=FCC Rankings}}</ref> Jonathan S. Addleton was inaugurated as the new Rector on 31 October 2020, following the retirement of his predecessor James A. Tebbe, who was awarded the Sitara-e-Imtiaz by the President of Pakistan; James A. Tebbe was in turn was preceded by Peter H. Armacost who had previously served as president of Eckerd College in St. Petersburg, Florida. ==History== [[File:FCC-in-1930.jpg|thumb|Forman Christian College in 1930]] Forman Christian College was founded in [[Lahore]], [[British India]] by Presbyterian Christian missionary [[Charles William Forman]] as Rang Mahal School, a Christian mission school.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kurian |first1=George Thomas |last2=Lamport |first2=Mark A. |title=Encyclopedia of Christianity in the United States |date=10 November 2016 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-1-4422-4432-0 |page=905 |language=English |quote=Forman decided at the outset to use English as the medium of instruction so that Western knowledge would be available to his students, making Rang Mahal the first English-language school in north India. In 1864 Forman added a college department, later renamed Forman Christian College after its founder.}}</ref> Forman arrived in Calcutta in what was then [[colonial India]] in 1847 and, two years later, settled in [[Lahore]], British India (now in Pakistan).<ref>{{cite book |title=Christian-Muslim Relations. A Bibliographical History Volume 16 North America, South-East Asia, China, Japan, and Australasia (1800-1914) |date=29 June 2020 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-42990-1 |language=English}}</ref> The school added a college department in 1865 which later became a university in 2005 known as Forman Christian College University. It started offering an American-style world-class education in Pakistan. FCCU started new postgraduate courses along with MBA in 2007.<ref>{{cite web |last=Ahmed |first=Haseeb |url=http://www.fccollege.edu.pk/about |title=About FCC |access-date=24 March 2013}}</ref> Native to Lahore, [[Surendra Kumar Datta]] was a professor of history and biology from 1909 to 1914 and served as the principal of Forman Christian College from 1932 to 1942, later becoming the president of the [[All India Conference of Indian Christians]] and representing the [[Christianity in India|Christian community of colonial India]] in the [[Round Table Conferences (India)|Round Table Conferences]].<ref name="R2">{{cite web |url= http://www.mundus.ac.uk/cats/13/1280.htm |title= Datta, Surendra Kumar |quote= Surendra Kumar Datta was born in 1878. He was lecturer in history and biology 1909-1914, and Principal 1932-1942 at Forman Christian College. |publisher= mundus.ac.uk|access-date= 8 May 2012 }}</ref><ref name="BlackHymanSmith2014">{{cite book |last1=Black |first1=Brian |last2=Hyman |first2=Gavin |last3=Smith |first3=Graham M. |title=Confronting Secularism in Europe and India: Legitimacy and Disenchantment in Contemporary Times |date=2014 |publisher=A&C Black |isbn=978-1-78093-607-9 |pages=88–91 |language=en}}</ref> One of Forman's faculty members, Prof. [[Arthur Compton]], conducted the bulk of his research on [[cosmic rays]] at FCC University for which he received the [[Nobel Prize]] in 1927. One of Professor Compton's former students Professor [[Piara Singh Gill]] taught at the college as lecturer in Physics between 1940 and 1947. Two alumni, Sir S. S. Bhatnagar and Bashir Ahmad, laid the foundation for scientific and industrial research in both parts of [[South Asia]] by establishing ICSIR and PCSIR respectively.{{Citation needed|date= October 2011}} The first two Science graduates of FC College University were also the first Science graduates of the [[University of the Punjab]] (1900–1902). In this way FCCU was the first to establish, in this part of the sub-continent, Departments of [[Biology]] (1898), [[Greek language|Greek]], [[Latin]] and [[Hebrew]] Languages (1895–96), Industrial Chemistry (1917), Geography (1924), setting up the [[Experimental Psychology]] Laboratory, introducing the [[tutorial system]]{{clarify|date=August 2010}} (1908), appointing Deans of the Faculties introducing [[co-education]]al system (1902), and establishing an [[alumni Association]] (1896).{{Citation needed|date= October 2011}} Besides this FCCU also started Software engineering, CS, and IT in 2006. ==Achievements== [[File:FC College Gold Medal.JPG|thumb|right|250px]] Achievements of other Formanites, as the graduates are called, include: * Its Principal [[James Caruthers Rhea Ewing|J. C. R. Ewing]] was knighted for his services to humanity and education. He served as Vice Chancellor of the Punjab University for seven years.{{Citation needed|date= October 2011}} * Formanite—alumnus and teacher of the college—Muhammad Yusuf Hashmi became the first Indian Principal of [[Madrasa 'Aliya]] in Calcutta, was recognized as an educator of distinction in [[British India]] and was titled [[Khan Bahadur]] by the British Crown. Later he was recognized in Pakistan also for his contributions to education and the [[Pakistan Movement]]. * Principal C. H. Rice and a faculty member, Khairat M. Ibne Rasa, became Vice Chancellors of the [[University of the Punjab|Punjab University]].{{Citation needed|date= October 2011}} * Justice Sir Mian Abdur Rashid, who was a Formanite and also the first Chief Justice of Pakistan, administered the oath of office to Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah as the first Governor General.{{Citation needed|date= October 2011}} * The English poet and scholar [[Alamgir Hashmi]] served as lecturer in English at Forman Christian College (early 1970s) and as faculty advisor to ''Folio''. ==Accreditation== The university has designed its four-year bachelor's degree program in accordance with the standards for accreditation in the U.S., and is seeking accreditation through the New England Commission of Higher Education (NECHE). ==Commemorative stamp== [[File:FC College's Postage Stamp.png|thumb|A Postage Stamp for Forman Christian College]] Forman Christian College has received a commemorative [[postage stamp]] in the celebration of completing the successful 150 years. Issued by [[Pakistan Post]], The stamp highlights a Sinclair Hall which was built to mark the centenary of FC College and was named after a devoted Principal Dr EJ Sinclair who served FCC for many years as a faculty member and Principal. == International Linkage == [[Global Liberal Arts Alliance]] [[Council of Independent Colleges|The Council of Independent Colleges - USA]] Association of American International Colleges and Universities<ref>{{Cite web |title=Instagram |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/cqnv1jbdj08/ |access-date=2023-04-05 |website=instagram.com}}</ref> As a member of the [[Global Liberal Arts Alliance]], FCCU holds the distinction of being the pioneer in Pakistan to introduce a liberal arts baccalaureate education, ensuring a well-rounded learning experience that combines both depth and breadth. FCCU is in the process of obtaining accreditation from the [[New England Commission of Higher Education|New England Commission of Higher Education (NECHE)]]. Upon securing this accreditation, FCCU will stand alone as the only university in Pakistan with U.S. accreditation.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Forman Christian College |url=https://friendsofforman.org/about/about-fccu |access-date=2023-07-28 |website=friendsofforman.org}}</ref> == The Institute == FCCU consists of two distinct schools: the college, or intermediate program, which is equivalent to the final two years of high school in the United States, is an all-male program as mandated by [[Government of Punjab, Pakistan|Government of Punjab]] law. The university, on the other hand, follows a western-style four-year liberal arts model, offering co-educational bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees. All courses are delivered in English.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Forman Christian College |url=https://friendsofforman.org/about/about-fccu |access-date=2023-07-28 |website=friendsofforman.org}}</ref> == Campus Life == The FCCU campus, a 108-acre green sanctuary, is situated in the heart of Lahore, a vibrant city with a population exceeding thirteen million. With a growing student body, the campus is continually evolving, with ongoing renovations and expansions to administrative and academic buildings, as well as staff and faculty residences. Since its denationalization, several new structures have been added to the campus, including the Armacost Science Building, Hope Tower, Mercy Health Care, the Light of Hope Elementary School, and the Media Center. The men's hostels, originally built in the 1940s, have been fully renovated. Currently, FCCU is in the final stages of constructing a 177,000-square-foot campus center that will house a new digital library, an auditorium, a Forman business incubation center, a dining hall, meeting rooms, society offices, and more.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Forman Christian College |url=https://friendsofforman.org/about/about-fccu |access-date=2023-07-28 |website=friendsofforman.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Munir |first=Haroon Christy |title=Campus Life |url=https://www.fccollege.edu.pk/campus-life/ |access-date=2023-07-28 |website=FCCU University |language=en-US}}</ref> == Forman Experience == FCCU offers a rich array of over thirty student-led societies or clubs, providing students with the opportunity to delve into specific academic interests or engage in their passion for music, drama, debate, art, photography, or sports outside of their regular coursework. These societies are dynamic hubs of activity, organizing more than 350 events and activities throughout the academic year. Participation in these societies not only fosters leadership skills and boosts self-confidence, but also creates a platform for students from diverse backgrounds to connect, discover shared interests, and enhance their understanding of each other.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Forman Christian College |url=https://friendsofforman.org/about/about-fccu |access-date=2023-07-28 |website=friendsofforman.org}}</ref> ==Notable alumni== <!-- Please do not add to this list unless your entry has an article on Wikipedia about them. Being in the category of alumni is not sufficient - there should be at least a mention of the college in the article, and preferably a citation to the fact --> ===Politicians=== * [[Surendra Kumar Datta]], president of the [[All India Conference of Indian Christians]] who represented the [[Christianity in India|Indian Christian]] community in the [[Round Table Conferences (India)|Round Table Conferences]]<ref name="R2"/><ref name="BlackHymanSmith2014"/> * [[Inayatullah Khan Mashriqi]], mathematician, logician, political theorist, Islamic scholar and founder of the [[Khaksar movement]]{{citation needed|date=April 2020}} * [[Yusuf Raza Gilani]], the 16th [[Prime Minister of Pakistan]] * [[Shaukat Tarin]], former Finance Minister of Pakistan * [[Jahangir Tareen]], Pakistani politician and businessman. * [[Inder Kumar Gujral]], the 12th [[Prime Minister of India]] * [[Parkash Singh Badal]], chief minister of Indian Punjab several times and elected again in 2012. * [[Muhammad Mian Soomro]], former Chairman of the [[Senate of Pakistan]], former caretaker [[Prime Minister]] & [[President of Pakistan]]. * [[Malik Barkat Ali]], former Punjabi Muslim League politician * [[Shah Mahmood Qureshi]], [[Foreign Minister of Pakistan]] and, the Vice Chairman of [[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]] * [[Shujaat Hussain]], former [[Prime Minister of Pakistan]] and current President of [[Pakistan Muslim League (Q)|PML-Q]] * [[Chaudhry Pervaiz Elahi]], former [[Chief Minister of Punjab (Pakistan)]] * [[Rao Sikandar Iqbal]] (1943–2010), former [[Defence Minister of Pakistan]]<ref>{{cite news|last=Piracha|first=Aslam|title=Rao Sikandar Iqbal dies|url=http://www.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/the-newspaper/front-page/rao-sikandar-iqbal-dies-090|access-date=5 October 2010|date=30 September 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101003072050/http://www.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/the-newspaper/front-page/rao-sikandar-iqbal-dies-090|archive-date=3 October 2010}}</ref> * [[Farooq Leghari]], former [[President of Pakistan]]. * [[Syed Afzal Haider]], former Pakistani law minister * [[Balram Jakhar]] (1923–2016), an Indian politician, parliamentarian, and former Governor of [[Madhya Pradesh]]. * [[Rafique Rajwana]], Governor of [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]]. * [[Kulsoom Nawaz]], wife of Mian Nawaz Sharif * [[Pyare Lal Kureel]], Indian politician, Dalit activist and Urdu poet ===Bureaucrats and diplomats=== * [[Roedad Khan]], former Secretary General [[Ministry of Interior (Pakistan)|Ministry of Interior]]. * [[Jamsheed Marker]], United Nations Under-secretary General, Ambassador at Large of Pakistan (honorary doctorate) ===Judiciary=== * [[Wajihuddin Ahmed|Justice (retired) Wajihuddin Ahmed]], Former Candidate for Presidential Election against Pervaiz Musharraf, Former Supreme Court Judge * [[Sardar Muhammad Raza Khan|Justice Sardar Muhammad Raza Khan]], Former Chief Justice Peshawar High Court, Supreme Court of Pakistan Judge * [[Abdul Rashid (judge)|Sir Abdul Rasheed]], First Chief Justice of Pakistan * [[Tassaduq Hussain Jillani|Justice (retired) Tassaduq Hussain Jillani]], Former Chief Justice of Pakistan ===Educators and scholars=== * [[Kauser Abdulla Malik]], secretary of the National Commission on [[Biotechnology]]. * [[Eqbal Ahmad]], post-colonial scholar and writer * [[Ishtiaq Ahmed (political scientist)|Ishtiaq Ahmed]], Professor Emeritus of Political Science, Stockholm University and Honorary Senior Fellow, Institute of South Asian Studies, National University of Singapore * [[Cecil Chaudhry]], a decorated war hero, who served as the Principal of [[St. Anthony's College (Lahore)]] * [[Mohini Maya Das]], associate national secretary of the [[YWCA]] for India, Ceylon, and Burma * [[Bipan Chandra]], eminent historian * [[Anwar Nasim]], nuclear scientist and molecular biologist * [[Georg Pfeffer]] (1943–2020), German anthropologist * [[Rama Tirtha]], Indian teacher of the [[Hindu]] philosophy of [[Vedanta]] * [[Muhammad Yusuf Hashmi|Khan Bahadur Muhammad Yusuf Syed-Al-Hashmi]], educator, mentor, reformer, All India Muslim League and Pakistan Movement leader * [[Arfa Sayeda Zehra]], Pakistani educationalist and Urdu language expert ===Industry=== * [[Ahmad Saeed|Chaudry Ahmed Saeed]], CEO of [[Servis Industries Limited|Servis Industries]] * Lord Paul, [[Swaraj Paul]], founder and CEO of [[Caparo]] Group * [[Anwar Pervez|Sir Mohammad Pervaiz Anwer]], Co-founder & Chairman, [[United Bank Limited]]. ===Journalism=== * [[Mushtaq Minhas]], Provincial Minister for Information and Communication AJK Assembly, anchor of Bolta Pakistan on [[Geo TV]] * [[Kuldip Nayar]], Indian author and journalist ===Literature and arts=== * [[Anwar Kamal Pasha]], pioneer Pakistani film director and producer. * [[Krishan Chander]], short story writer<ref name=zia>{{cite book|author=Malik Ram|year=1977|title=Zia Fatehabadi – Shakhs Aur Shair|language=ur|publisher=Ilmi Majlis|location=Delhi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UR_EGwAACAAJ|pages=116–117}} Zia Fatehabadi and Chander studied together at Forman</ref> * [[Mehr Lal Soni Zia Fatehabadi]], Urdu poet<ref name=zia/> * [[Yawar Hayat Khan]], senior producer/director of PTV * [[Balwant Gargi]], Punjabi playwright and author * [[Harcharan Singh (writer)|Harcharan Singh]], Punjabi playwright and dramatist * [[Shae Gill]], singer ===Armed forces=== * [[Noel Israel Khokhar]], General Officer Commanding 23rd Division<ref>[https://www.dharkan.ca/archive/summer2009.pdf Dharkan Summer 2009]{{Dead link|date=September 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> and Major General of Pakistan Army * [[Pervez Musharraf]], former [[President of Pakistan]], and former [[Chief of Army Staff of the Pakistan Army|Chief of Army Staff]] of [[Pakistan Army]] * [[Michael John O'Brian]], O'Brian was the first Pakistan Air Force officer to serve as the Commandant of the National Defence University, Islamabad. ==References== {{Reflist}} ==External links== * {{official website|http://www.fccollege.edu.pk}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080803141414/http://fccollege.edu.pk/alumni_friends_notable.php List of alumni] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110206193929/http://www.fccollege.edu.pk/student-life/societies/ewing-literary-society Ewing Literary Society] {{Universities and colleges in Lahore}} {{Global Liberal Arts Alliance}} {{coord missing|Lahore}} {{authority control}} [[Category:Forman Christian College| ]] [[Category:Educational institutions established in 1864]] [[Category:1864 establishments in British India]] [[Category:Nationalisation in Pakistan]]'
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'@@ -2,53 +2,53 @@ {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}} {{Infobox university -| name = Forman Christian College -| native_name = -| image_size = -| image_alt = -| caption = -| latin_name = -| motto = ''By love serve one another'' -| motto_lang = -| mottoeng = -| established = {{Start date|1864}} -| closed = <!-- {{End date|YYYY}} --> -| type = [[Private Universities in Pakistan|Private not-for-profit university]] -| affiliation = -| endowment = -| budget = -| rector = [[Jonathan Addleton]] -| officer_in_charge = -| chancellor = -| director = -| head_label = -| head = -| academic_staff = 220 -| administrative_staff = -| students = 9,000 -| undergrad = -| postgrad = -| doctoral = -| other = -| address = Forman Christian College Ferozepur Road Lahore 54600 Pakistan -| city = [[Lahore, Punjab]] -| country = Pakistan -| campus = [[Residential college]], {{cvt|108|acre}} -| former_names = FC College -| free_label = -| free = -| athletics = -| sports = -| mascot = -| website = {{URL|http://www.fccollege.edu.pk/}} -| logo = -| footnotes = -| image = FCUniversity-Logo.jpg -| coor = -| colors = Blue,Grey and White -| other_name = FC College, FCC / FCCU -| affiliations = + | name = Forman Christian College + | native_name = فارمن کرسچین کالج (ایک چارٹرڈ یونیورسٹی) + | image_size = + | image_alt = + | caption = + | latin_name = + | motto = ''By love serve one another'' + | motto_lang = + | mottoeng = + | established = {{Start date|1864}} + | closed = <!-- {{End date|YYYY}} --> + | type = [[Private Universities in Pakistan|Private not-for-profit university]] + | affiliation = + | endowment = + | budget = + | rector = [[Jonathan Addleton]] + | officer_in_charge = + | chancellor = + | director = + | head_label = + | head = + | academic_staff = 220 + | administrative_staff = + | students = 9,000 + | undergrad = + | postgrad = + | doctoral = + | other = + | address = Forman Christian College Ferozepur Road Lahore 54600 Pakistan + | city = [[Lahore, Punjab]] + | country = Pakistan + | campus = [[Residential college]], {{cvt|108|acre}} + | former_names = FC College + | free_label = + | free = + | athletics = + | sports = + | mascot = + | website = {{URL|http://www.fccollege.edu.pk/}} + | logo = + | footnotes = + | image = FCUniversity-Logo.jpg + | coor = + | colors = Blue,Grey and White + | other_name = FC College, FCC / FCCU + | affiliations = }} -'''Forman Christian College''' is a Private not-for-profit university [[Liberal arts college|liberal arts]] [[Universities in Pakistan|university]] in [[Lahore, Punjab]], Pakistan. It was founded in 1864 and is administered by the [[Presbyterian Church (USA)|Presbyterian Church]]. The university follows an [[Education in the United States|American-style]] curriculum.<ref name="Google maps">{{cite web|title=address of FC College University|url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=fc%20college%20university&psj=1&bav=on.2,or.r_qf.&bvm=bv.52164340,d.cGE,pv.xjs.s.en_US.CQsooEYev9Y.O&biw=1024&bih=566&dpr=1&um=1&ie=UTF-8&hl=en&sa=N&tab=wl|publisher=Google Maps|access-date=13 September 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/196458/fc-college-university-best-students-feted-ahead-of-convocation/|title=FC College University: Best students feted ahead of convocation - The Express Tribune|date=2011-06-25|website=The Express Tribune|language=en-US|access-date=2016-06-15}}</ref> +'''Forman Christian College (A Chartered University)''' {Urdu: فارمن کرسچین کالج (ایک چارٹرڈ یونیورسٹی)} is a Private not-for-profit university [[Liberal arts college|liberal arts]] [[Universities in Pakistan|university]] in [[Lahore, Punjab]], Pakistan. It was founded in 1864 and is administered by the [[Presbyterian Church (USA)|Presbyterian Church]]. The university follows an [[Education in the United States|American-style]] curriculum.<ref name="Google maps">{{cite web|title=address of FC College University|url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=fc%20college%20university&psj=1&bav=on.2,or.r_qf.&bvm=bv.52164340,d.cGE,pv.xjs.s.en_US.CQsooEYev9Y.O&biw=1024&bih=566&dpr=1&um=1&ie=UTF-8&hl=en&sa=N&tab=wl|publisher=Google Maps|access-date=13 September 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/196458/fc-college-university-best-students-feted-ahead-of-convocation/|title=FC College University: Best students feted ahead of convocation - The Express Tribune|date=2011-06-25|website=The Express Tribune|language=en-US|access-date=2016-06-15}}</ref> Founded in 1864 by [[People of the United States|American]] [[Presbyterianism|Presbyterian]] missionary [[Charles William Forman]], the college was initially named Mission College, and changed its name in 1894 to Forman Christian College, in honor of its founder. Forman served as an associated college of the [[University of Calcutta]] until 1947 when it became affiliated with the [[University of Punjab]]. In 2004, the government granted it [[university charter]] hence providing it with degree awarding authority.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fccollege.edu.pk/heritage/|title=History of FCC}}{{Dead link|date=September 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="About FCC University">{{cite web|title=About FCC|url=http://www.fccollege.edu.pk/about|access-date=13 September 2013|publisher=Forman Christian College}}</ref> '
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[ 0 => ' | name = Forman Christian College', 1 => ' | native_name = فارمن کرسچین کالج (ایک چارٹرڈ یونیورسٹی)', 2 => ' | image_size = ', 3 => ' | image_alt = ', 4 => ' | caption = ', 5 => ' | latin_name = ', 6 => ' | motto = ''By love serve one another''', 7 => ' | motto_lang = ', 8 => ' | mottoeng = ', 9 => ' | established = {{Start date|1864}}', 10 => ' | closed = <!-- {{End date|YYYY}} -->', 11 => ' | type = [[Private Universities in Pakistan|Private not-for-profit university]]', 12 => ' | affiliation = ', 13 => ' | endowment = ', 14 => ' | budget = ', 15 => ' | rector = [[Jonathan Addleton]]', 16 => ' | officer_in_charge = ', 17 => ' | chancellor = ', 18 => ' | director = ', 19 => ' | head_label = ', 20 => ' | head = ', 21 => ' | academic_staff = 220', 22 => ' | administrative_staff = ', 23 => ' | students = 9,000', 24 => ' | undergrad = ', 25 => ' | postgrad = ', 26 => ' | doctoral = ', 27 => ' | other = ', 28 => ' | address = Forman Christian College Ferozepur Road Lahore 54600 Pakistan', 29 => ' | city = [[Lahore, Punjab]]', 30 => ' | country = Pakistan', 31 => ' | campus = [[Residential college]], {{cvt|108|acre}}', 32 => ' | former_names = FC College', 33 => ' | free_label = ', 34 => ' | free = ', 35 => ' | athletics = ', 36 => ' | sports = ', 37 => ' | mascot = ', 38 => ' | website = {{URL|http://www.fccollege.edu.pk/}}', 39 => ' | logo = ', 40 => ' | footnotes = ', 41 => ' | image = FCUniversity-Logo.jpg', 42 => ' | coor = ', 43 => ' | colors = Blue,Grey and White', 44 => ' | other_name = FC College, FCC / FCCU', 45 => ' | affiliations = ', 46 => ''''Forman Christian College (A Chartered University)''' {Urdu: فارمن کرسچین کالج (ایک چارٹرڈ یونیورسٹی)} is a Private not-for-profit university [[Liberal arts college|liberal arts]] [[Universities in Pakistan|university]] in [[Lahore, Punjab]], Pakistan. It was founded in 1864 and is administered by the [[Presbyterian Church (USA)|Presbyterian Church]]. The university follows an [[Education in the United States|American-style]] curriculum.<ref name="Google maps">{{cite web|title=address of FC College University|url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=fc%20college%20university&psj=1&bav=on.2,or.r_qf.&bvm=bv.52164340,d.cGE,pv.xjs.s.en_US.CQsooEYev9Y.O&biw=1024&bih=566&dpr=1&um=1&ie=UTF-8&hl=en&sa=N&tab=wl|publisher=Google Maps|access-date=13 September 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/196458/fc-college-university-best-students-feted-ahead-of-convocation/|title=FC College University: Best students feted ahead of convocation - The Express Tribune|date=2011-06-25|website=The Express Tribune|language=en-US|access-date=2016-06-15}}</ref>' ]
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[ 0 => '| name = Forman Christian College', 1 => '| native_name = ', 2 => '| image_size = ', 3 => '| image_alt = ', 4 => '| caption = ', 5 => '| latin_name = ', 6 => '| motto = ''By love serve one another''', 7 => '| motto_lang = ', 8 => '| mottoeng = ', 9 => '| established = {{Start date|1864}}', 10 => '| closed = <!-- {{End date|YYYY}} -->', 11 => '| type = [[Private Universities in Pakistan|Private not-for-profit university]]', 12 => '| affiliation = ', 13 => '| endowment = ', 14 => '| budget = ', 15 => '| rector = [[Jonathan Addleton]]', 16 => '| officer_in_charge = ', 17 => '| chancellor = ', 18 => '| director = ', 19 => '| head_label = ', 20 => '| head = ', 21 => '| academic_staff = 220', 22 => '| administrative_staff = ', 23 => '| students = 9,000', 24 => '| undergrad = ', 25 => '| postgrad = ', 26 => '| doctoral = ', 27 => '| other = ', 28 => '| address = Forman Christian College Ferozepur Road Lahore 54600 Pakistan', 29 => '| city = [[Lahore, Punjab]]', 30 => '| country = Pakistan', 31 => '| campus = [[Residential college]], {{cvt|108|acre}}', 32 => '| former_names = FC College', 33 => '| free_label = ', 34 => '| free = ', 35 => '| athletics = ', 36 => '| sports = ', 37 => '| mascot = ', 38 => '| website = {{URL|http://www.fccollege.edu.pk/}}', 39 => '| logo = ', 40 => '| footnotes = ', 41 => '| image = FCUniversity-Logo.jpg', 42 => '| coor = ', 43 => '| colors = Blue,Grey and White', 44 => '| other_name = FC College, FCC / FCCU', 45 => '| affiliations = ', 46 => ''''Forman Christian College''' is a Private not-for-profit university [[Liberal arts college|liberal arts]] [[Universities in Pakistan|university]] in [[Lahore, Punjab]], Pakistan. It was founded in 1864 and is administered by the [[Presbyterian Church (USA)|Presbyterian Church]]. The university follows an [[Education in the United States|American-style]] curriculum.<ref name="Google maps">{{cite web|title=address of FC College University|url=https://maps.google.com/maps?q=fc%20college%20university&psj=1&bav=on.2,or.r_qf.&bvm=bv.52164340,d.cGE,pv.xjs.s.en_US.CQsooEYev9Y.O&biw=1024&bih=566&dpr=1&um=1&ie=UTF-8&hl=en&sa=N&tab=wl|publisher=Google Maps|access-date=13 September 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/196458/fc-college-university-best-students-feted-ahead-of-convocation/|title=FC College University: Best students feted ahead of convocation - The Express Tribune|date=2011-06-25|website=The Express Tribune|language=en-US|access-date=2016-06-15}}</ref>' ]
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'<div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">University in Pakistan</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066479718">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org" style="font-size:125%;">Forman Christian College</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="nickname">فارمن کرسچین کالج (ایک چارٹرڈ یونیورسٹی)</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:FCUniversity-Logo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fe/FCUniversity-Logo.jpg/220px-FCUniversity-Logo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/f/fe/FCUniversity-Logo.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="276" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Other name</div></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">FC College, FCC / FCCU</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Former names</div></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">FC College</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Motto</th><td class="infobox-data"><i>By love serve one another</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Private_Universities_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Private Universities in Pakistan">Private not-for-profit university</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">1864<span style="display:none">&#160;(<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1864</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rector_(academia)" title="Rector (academia)">Rector</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jonathan_Addleton" title="Jonathan Addleton">Jonathan Addleton</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Academic staff</div></th><td class="infobox-data">220</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Students</th><td class="infobox-data">9,000</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Address</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div style="display:inline" class="street-address">Forman Christian College Ferozepur Road Lahore 54600 Pakistan</div>, <div style="display:inline" class="locality"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lahore,_Punjab" class="mw-redirect" title="Lahore, Punjab">Lahore, Punjab</a></div>, <div style="display:inline" class="country-name">Pakistan</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Campus</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Residential_college" title="Residential college">Residential college</a>, 108 acres (44&#160;ha)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/School_colors" title="School colors">Colors</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Blue,Grey and White</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fccollege.edu.pk/">www<wbr />.fccollege<wbr />.edu<wbr />.pk</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Forman Christian College (A Chartered University)</b> {Urdu: فارمن کرسچین کالج (ایک چارٹرڈ یونیورسٹی)} is a Private not-for-profit university <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Liberal_arts_college" title="Liberal arts college">liberal arts</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Universities_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Universities in Pakistan">university</a> in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lahore,_Punjab" class="mw-redirect" title="Lahore, Punjab">Lahore, Punjab</a>, Pakistan. It was founded in 1864 and is administered by the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_(USA)" title="Presbyterian Church (USA)">Presbyterian Church</a>. The university follows an <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Education_in_the_United_States" title="Education in the United States">American-style</a> curriculum.<sup id="cite_ref-Google_maps_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Google_maps-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">&#91;2&#93;</a></sup> </p><p>Founded in 1864 by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/People_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="People of the United States">American</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Presbyterianism" title="Presbyterianism">Presbyterian</a> missionary <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Charles_William_Forman" title="Charles William Forman">Charles William Forman</a>, the college was initially named Mission College, and changed its name in 1894 to Forman Christian College, in honor of its founder. Forman served as an associated college of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/University_of_Calcutta" title="University of Calcutta">University of Calcutta</a> until 1947 when it became affiliated with the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/University_of_Punjab" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Punjab">University of Punjab</a>. In 2004, the government granted it <a href="/enwiki/wiki/University_charter" title="University charter">university charter</a> hence providing it with degree awarding authority.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">&#91;3&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-About_FCC_University_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-About_FCC_University-4">&#91;4&#93;</a></sup> </p><p>The college was initially based in the Rang Mahal in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Walled_City_of_Lahore" title="Walled City of Lahore">the Walled City of Lahore</a>, which was leased by Charles with the support from foreign missions.<sup id="cite_ref-thefridaytimes.com_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thefridaytimes.com-5">&#91;5&#93;</a></sup> In 1889, it was shifted to Napier Road and was inaugurated by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Henry_Petty-Fitzmaurice,_5th_Marquess_of_Lansdowne" title="Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 5th Marquess of Lansdowne">Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 5th Marquess of Lansdowne</a>. Again, in 1940, the college was moved to its present campus on the banks of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lahore_Canal" title="Lahore Canal">Lahore Canal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-thefridaytimes.com_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thefridaytimes.com-5">&#91;5&#93;</a></sup> The college remained financially autonomous until 1960 when the Pakistani government began annual grants for the college for its nursing program.<sup id="cite_ref-thefridaytimes.com_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thefridaytimes.com-5">&#91;5&#93;</a></sup> The college was nationalized in 1972 and remained nationalized until 2003 when control was returned to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_(USA)" title="Presbyterian Church (USA)">Presbyterian Church</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">&#91;6&#93;</a></sup> </p><p>Forman is also known for its noted alumni and staff, including former <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Indian_prime_minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian prime minister">Indian Prime Minister</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/I._K._Gujral" class="mw-redirect" title="I. K. Gujral">I. K. Gujral</a>,World badminton Champion Sarwan Khan,former Pakistani Presidents <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Farooq_Leghari" title="Farooq Leghari">Farooq Leghari</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pervez_Musharraf" title="Pervez Musharraf">Pervez Musharraf</a>, diplomat Jamsheed Marker, journalist Kuldip Nayar, and activist <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eqbal_Ahmad" title="Eqbal Ahmad">Eqbal Ahmad</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">&#91;7&#93;</a></sup> As of 2020, Forman was home to 8,435 students including 3,173 Intermediate students, 4,712 Baccalaureate students and 550 graduate students. It also has 220 full-time faculty members (more than 100 of whom have PhDs) as well as an alumni population of well over 21,000. Christians make up nearly 15% of the student body while the college runs a $1 million fund to finance scholarships for its students.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">&#91;8&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">&#91;9&#93;</a></sup> As of 2016, the college has been <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rankings_of_universities_in_Pakistan" title="Rankings of universities in Pakistan">ranked ninth highest</a> in Pakistan among medium-sized universities and is the only institution in Pakistan which is a member of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Global_Liberal_Arts_Alliance" title="Global Liberal Arts Alliance">Global Liberal Arts Alliance</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">&#91;10&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">&#91;11&#93;</a></sup> Jonathan S. Addleton was inaugurated as the new Rector on 31 October 2020, following the retirement of his predecessor James A. Tebbe, who was awarded the Sitara-e-Imtiaz by the President of Pakistan; James A. Tebbe was in turn was preceded by Peter H. Armacost who had previously served as president of Eckerd College in St. Petersburg, Florida. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Achievements"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Achievements</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Accreditation"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Accreditation</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Commemorative_stamp"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Commemorative stamp</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#International_Linkage"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">International Linkage</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#The_Institute"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">The Institute</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Campus_Life"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Campus Life</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Forman_Experience"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Forman Experience</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Notable_alumni"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Notable alumni</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Politicians"><span class="tocnumber">9.1</span> <span class="toctext">Politicians</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Bureaucrats_and_diplomats"><span class="tocnumber">9.2</span> <span class="toctext">Bureaucrats and diplomats</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Judiciary"><span class="tocnumber">9.3</span> <span class="toctext">Judiciary</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Educators_and_scholars"><span class="tocnumber">9.4</span> <span class="toctext">Educators and scholars</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Industry"><span class="tocnumber">9.5</span> <span class="toctext">Industry</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Journalism"><span class="tocnumber">9.6</span> <span class="toctext">Journalism</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Literature_and_arts"><span class="tocnumber">9.7</span> <span class="toctext">Literature and arts</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="#Armed_forces"><span class="tocnumber">9.8</span> <span class="toctext">Armed forces</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="History">History</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Forman_Christian_College&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:FCC-in-1930.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/FCC-in-1930.jpg/220px-FCC-in-1930.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/FCC-in-1930.jpg/330px-FCC-in-1930.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/FCC-in-1930.jpg/440px-FCC-in-1930.jpg 2x" data-file-width="602" data-file-height="403" /></a><figcaption>Forman Christian College in 1930</figcaption></figure> <p>Forman Christian College was founded in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/British_India" class="mw-redirect" title="British India">British India</a> by Presbyterian Christian missionary <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Charles_William_Forman" title="Charles William Forman">Charles William Forman</a> as Rang Mahal School, a Christian mission school.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">&#91;12&#93;</a></sup> Forman arrived in Calcutta in what was then <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Colonial_India" title="Colonial India">colonial India</a> in 1847 and, two years later, settled in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a>, British India (now in Pakistan).<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13">&#91;13&#93;</a></sup> The school added a college department in 1865 which later became a university in 2005 known as Forman Christian College University. It started offering an American-style world-class education in Pakistan. FCCU started new postgraduate courses along with MBA in 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14">&#91;14&#93;</a></sup> </p><p>Native to Lahore, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Surendra_Kumar_Datta" title="Surendra Kumar Datta">Surendra Kumar Datta</a> was a professor of history and biology from 1909 to 1914 and served as the principal of Forman Christian College from 1932 to 1942, later becoming the president of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/All_India_Conference_of_Indian_Christians" title="All India Conference of Indian Christians">All India Conference of Indian Christians</a> and representing the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Christianity_in_India" title="Christianity in India">Christian community of colonial India</a> in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Round_Table_Conferences_(India)" title="Round Table Conferences (India)">Round Table Conferences</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-R2_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-R2-15">&#91;15&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BlackHymanSmith2014_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BlackHymanSmith2014-16">&#91;16&#93;</a></sup> </p><p>One of Forman's faculty members, Prof. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Arthur_Compton" title="Arthur Compton">Arthur Compton</a>, conducted the bulk of his research on <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cosmic_rays" class="mw-redirect" title="Cosmic rays">cosmic rays</a> at FCC University for which he received the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel Prize</a> in 1927. </p><p>One of Professor Compton's former students Professor <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Piara_Singh_Gill" title="Piara Singh Gill">Piara Singh Gill</a> taught at the college as lecturer in Physics between 1940 and 1947. Two alumni, Sir S. S. Bhatnagar and Bashir Ahmad, laid the foundation for scientific and industrial research in both parts of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asia</a> by establishing ICSIR and PCSIR respectively.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> </p><p>The first two Science graduates of FC College University were also the first Science graduates of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/University_of_the_Punjab" title="University of the Punjab">University of the Punjab</a> (1900–1902). In this way FCCU was the first to establish, in this part of the sub-continent, Departments of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Biology" title="Biology">Biology</a> (1898), <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hebrew" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebrew">Hebrew</a> Languages (1895–96), Industrial Chemistry (1917), Geography (1924), setting up the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Experimental_Psychology" class="mw-redirect" title="Experimental Psychology">Experimental Psychology</a> Laboratory, introducing the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tutorial_system" title="Tutorial system">tutorial system</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (August 2010)">clarification needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> (1908), appointing Deans of the Faculties introducing <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Co-education" class="mw-redirect" title="Co-education">co-educational</a> system (1902), and establishing an <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alumni_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Alumni Association">alumni Association</a> (1896).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> Besides this FCCU also started Software engineering, CS, and IT in 2006. </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Achievements">Achievements</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Forman_Christian_College&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Achievements">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:FC_College_Gold_Medal.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/FC_College_Gold_Medal.JPG/250px-FC_College_Gold_Medal.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="333" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/FC_College_Gold_Medal.JPG/375px-FC_College_Gold_Medal.JPG 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/FC_College_Gold_Medal.JPG/500px-FC_College_Gold_Medal.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2736" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>Achievements of other Formanites, as the graduates are called, include: </p> <ul><li>Its Principal <a href="/enwiki/wiki/James_Caruthers_Rhea_Ewing" title="James Caruthers Rhea Ewing">J. C. R. Ewing</a> was knighted for his services to humanity and education. He served as Vice Chancellor of the Punjab University for seven years.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup></li> <li>Formanite—alumnus and teacher of the college—Muhammad Yusuf Hashmi became the first Indian Principal of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Madrasa_%27Aliya" class="mw-redirect" title="Madrasa &#39;Aliya">Madrasa 'Aliya</a> in Calcutta, was recognized as an educator of distinction in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/British_India" class="mw-redirect" title="British India">British India</a> and was titled <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Khan_Bahadur" title="Khan Bahadur">Khan Bahadur</a> by the British Crown. Later he was recognized in Pakistan also for his contributions to education and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pakistan_Movement" title="Pakistan Movement">Pakistan Movement</a>.</li> <li>Principal C. H. Rice and a faculty member, Khairat M. Ibne Rasa, became Vice Chancellors of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/University_of_the_Punjab" title="University of the Punjab">Punjab University</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup></li> <li>Justice Sir Mian Abdur Rashid, who was a Formanite and also the first Chief Justice of Pakistan, administered the oath of office to Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah as the first Governor General.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup></li> <li>The English poet and scholar <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alamgir_Hashmi" title="Alamgir Hashmi">Alamgir Hashmi</a> served as lecturer in English at Forman Christian College (early 1970s) and as faculty advisor to <i>Folio</i>.</li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Accreditation">Accreditation</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Forman_Christian_College&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Accreditation">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>The university has designed its four-year bachelor's degree program in accordance with the standards for accreditation in the U.S., and is seeking accreditation through the New England Commission of Higher Education (NECHE). </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Commemorative_stamp">Commemorative stamp</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Forman_Christian_College&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Commemorative stamp">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:FC_College%27s_Postage_Stamp.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/FC_College%27s_Postage_Stamp.png/220px-FC_College%27s_Postage_Stamp.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/FC_College%27s_Postage_Stamp.png/330px-FC_College%27s_Postage_Stamp.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/FC_College%27s_Postage_Stamp.png/440px-FC_College%27s_Postage_Stamp.png 2x" data-file-width="581" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>A Postage Stamp for Forman Christian College</figcaption></figure> <p>Forman Christian College has received a commemorative <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Postage_stamp" title="Postage stamp">postage stamp</a> in the celebration of completing the successful 150 years. Issued by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pakistan_Post" title="Pakistan Post">Pakistan Post</a>, The stamp highlights a Sinclair Hall which was built to mark the centenary of FC College and was named after a devoted Principal Dr EJ Sinclair who served FCC for many years as a faculty member and Principal. </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="International_Linkage">International Linkage</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Forman_Christian_College&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: International Linkage">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Global_Liberal_Arts_Alliance" title="Global Liberal Arts Alliance">Global Liberal Arts Alliance</a> </p><p><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Council_of_Independent_Colleges" title="Council of Independent Colleges">The Council of Independent Colleges - USA</a> </p><p>Association of American International Colleges and Universities<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17">&#91;17&#93;</a></sup> </p><p>As a member of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Global_Liberal_Arts_Alliance" title="Global Liberal Arts Alliance">Global Liberal Arts Alliance</a>, FCCU holds the distinction of being the pioneer in Pakistan to introduce a liberal arts baccalaureate education, ensuring a well-rounded learning experience that combines both depth and breadth. FCCU is in the process of obtaining accreditation from the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_England_Commission_of_Higher_Education" title="New England Commission of Higher Education">New England Commission of Higher Education (NECHE)</a>. Upon securing this accreditation, FCCU will stand alone as the only university in Pakistan with U.S. accreditation.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18">&#91;18&#93;</a></sup> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="The_Institute">The Institute</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Forman_Christian_College&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: The Institute">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>FCCU consists of two distinct schools: the college, or intermediate program, which is equivalent to the final two years of high school in the United States, is an all-male program as mandated by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Government_of_Punjab,_Pakistan" title="Government of Punjab, Pakistan">Government of Punjab</a> law. The university, on the other hand, follows a western-style four-year liberal arts model, offering co-educational bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees. All courses are delivered in English.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19">&#91;19&#93;</a></sup> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Campus_Life">Campus Life</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Forman_Christian_College&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: Campus Life">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>The FCCU campus, a 108-acre green sanctuary, is situated in the heart of Lahore, a vibrant city with a population exceeding thirteen million. With a growing student body, the campus is continually evolving, with ongoing renovations and expansions to administrative and academic buildings, as well as staff and faculty residences. Since its denationalization, several new structures have been added to the campus, including the Armacost Science Building, Hope Tower, Mercy Health Care, the Light of Hope Elementary School, and the Media Center. The men's hostels, originally built in the 1940s, have been fully renovated. Currently, FCCU is in the final stages of constructing a 177,000-square-foot campus center that will house a new digital library, an auditorium, a Forman business incubation center, a dining hall, meeting rooms, society offices, and more.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20">&#91;20&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21">&#91;21&#93;</a></sup> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Forman_Experience">Forman Experience</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Forman_Christian_College&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: Forman Experience">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>FCCU offers a rich array of over thirty student-led societies or clubs, providing students with the opportunity to delve into specific academic interests or engage in their passion for music, drama, debate, art, photography, or sports outside of their regular coursework. These societies are dynamic hubs of activity, organizing more than 350 events and activities throughout the academic year. Participation in these societies not only fosters leadership skills and boosts self-confidence, but also creates a platform for students from diverse backgrounds to connect, discover shared interests, and enhance their understanding of each other.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22">&#91;22&#93;</a></sup> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Notable_alumni">Notable alumni</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Forman_Christian_College&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section: Notable alumni">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Politicians">Politicians</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Forman_Christian_College&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Edit section: Politicians">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Surendra_Kumar_Datta" title="Surendra Kumar Datta">Surendra Kumar Datta</a>, president of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/All_India_Conference_of_Indian_Christians" title="All India Conference of Indian Christians">All India Conference of Indian Christians</a> who represented the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Christianity_in_India" title="Christianity in India">Indian Christian</a> community in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Round_Table_Conferences_(India)" title="Round Table Conferences (India)">Round Table Conferences</a><sup id="cite_ref-R2_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-R2-15">&#91;15&#93;</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BlackHymanSmith2014_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BlackHymanSmith2014-16">&#91;16&#93;</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Inayatullah_Khan_Mashriqi" title="Inayatullah Khan Mashriqi">Inayatullah Khan Mashriqi</a>, mathematician, logician, political theorist, Islamic scholar and founder of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Khaksar_movement" title="Khaksar movement">Khaksar movement</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yusuf_Raza_Gilani" title="Yusuf Raza Gilani">Yusuf Raza Gilani</a>, the 16th <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Pakistan" title="Prime Minister of Pakistan">Prime Minister of Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shaukat_Tarin" title="Shaukat Tarin">Shaukat Tarin</a>, former Finance Minister of Pakistan</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jahangir_Tareen" title="Jahangir Tareen">Jahangir Tareen</a>, Pakistani politician and businessman.</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Inder_Kumar_Gujral" title="Inder Kumar Gujral">Inder Kumar Gujral</a>, the 12th <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">Prime Minister of India</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Parkash_Singh_Badal" title="Parkash Singh Badal">Parkash Singh Badal</a>, chief minister of Indian Punjab several times and elected again in 2012.</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Muhammad_Mian_Soomro" title="Muhammad Mian Soomro">Muhammad Mian Soomro</a>, former Chairman of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Senate_of_Pakistan" title="Senate of Pakistan">Senate of Pakistan</a>, former caretaker <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Prime_Minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister">Prime Minister</a> &amp; <a href="/enwiki/wiki/President_of_Pakistan" title="President of Pakistan">President of Pakistan</a>.</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Malik_Barkat_Ali" title="Malik Barkat Ali">Malik Barkat Ali</a>, former Punjabi Muslim League politician</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shah_Mahmood_Qureshi" title="Shah Mahmood Qureshi">Shah Mahmood Qureshi</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Foreign_Minister_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign Minister of Pakistan">Foreign Minister of Pakistan</a> and, the Vice Chairman of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pakistan_Tehreek-e-Insaf" title="Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf">PTI</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shujaat_Hussain" title="Shujaat Hussain">Shujaat Hussain</a>, former <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Pakistan" title="Prime Minister of Pakistan">Prime Minister of Pakistan</a> and current President of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pakistan_Muslim_League_(Q)" title="Pakistan Muslim League (Q)">PML-Q</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chaudhry_Pervaiz_Elahi" title="Chaudhry Pervaiz Elahi">Chaudhry Pervaiz Elahi</a>, former <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chief_Minister_of_Punjab_(Pakistan)" title="Chief Minister of Punjab (Pakistan)">Chief Minister of Punjab (Pakistan)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rao_Sikandar_Iqbal" title="Rao Sikandar Iqbal">Rao Sikandar Iqbal</a> (1943–2010), former <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Defence_Minister_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Defence Minister of Pakistan">Defence Minister of Pakistan</a><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23">&#91;23&#93;</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Farooq_Leghari" title="Farooq Leghari">Farooq Leghari</a>, former <a href="/enwiki/wiki/President_of_Pakistan" title="President of Pakistan">President of Pakistan</a>.</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Syed_Afzal_Haider" title="Syed Afzal Haider">Syed Afzal Haider</a>, former Pakistani law minister</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Balram_Jakhar" title="Balram Jakhar">Balram Jakhar</a> (1923–2016), an Indian politician, parliamentarian, and former Governor of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh" title="Madhya Pradesh">Madhya Pradesh</a>.</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rafique_Rajwana" title="Rafique Rajwana">Rafique Rajwana</a>, Governor of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Punjab,_Pakistan" title="Punjab, Pakistan">Punjab</a>.</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kulsoom_Nawaz" title="Kulsoom Nawaz">Kulsoom Nawaz</a>, wife of Mian Nawaz Sharif</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pyare_Lal_Kureel" title="Pyare Lal Kureel">Pyare Lal Kureel</a>, Indian politician, Dalit activist and Urdu poet</li></ul> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Bureaucrats_and_diplomats">Bureaucrats and diplomats</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Forman_Christian_College&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Edit section: Bureaucrats and diplomats">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Roedad_Khan" title="Roedad Khan">Roedad Khan</a>, former Secretary General <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ministry_of_Interior_(Pakistan)" title="Ministry of Interior (Pakistan)">Ministry of Interior</a>.</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jamsheed_Marker" title="Jamsheed Marker">Jamsheed Marker</a>, United Nations Under-secretary General, Ambassador at Large of Pakistan (honorary doctorate)</li></ul> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Judiciary">Judiciary</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Forman_Christian_College&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Edit section: Judiciary">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wajihuddin_Ahmed" title="Wajihuddin Ahmed">Justice (retired) Wajihuddin Ahmed</a>, Former Candidate for Presidential Election against Pervaiz Musharraf, Former Supreme Court Judge</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sardar_Muhammad_Raza_Khan" class="mw-redirect" title="Sardar Muhammad Raza Khan">Justice Sardar Muhammad Raza Khan</a>, Former Chief Justice Peshawar High Court, Supreme Court of Pakistan Judge</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Abdul_Rashid_(judge)" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdul Rashid (judge)">Sir Abdul Rasheed</a>, First Chief Justice of Pakistan</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tassaduq_Hussain_Jillani" title="Tassaduq Hussain Jillani">Justice (retired) Tassaduq Hussain Jillani</a>, Former Chief Justice of Pakistan</li></ul> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Educators_and_scholars">Educators and scholars</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Forman_Christian_College&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Edit section: Educators and scholars">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kauser_Abdulla_Malik" title="Kauser Abdulla Malik">Kauser Abdulla Malik</a>, secretary of the National Commission on <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Biotechnology" title="Biotechnology">Biotechnology</a>.</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eqbal_Ahmad" title="Eqbal Ahmad">Eqbal Ahmad</a>, post-colonial scholar and writer</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ishtiaq_Ahmed_(political_scientist)" title="Ishtiaq Ahmed (political scientist)">Ishtiaq Ahmed</a>, Professor Emeritus of Political Science, Stockholm University and Honorary Senior Fellow, Institute of South Asian Studies, National University of Singapore</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cecil_Chaudhry" title="Cecil Chaudhry">Cecil Chaudhry</a>, a decorated war hero, who served as the Principal of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/St._Anthony%27s_College_(Lahore)" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Anthony&#39;s College (Lahore)">St. Anthony's College (Lahore)</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mohini_Maya_Das" title="Mohini Maya Das">Mohini Maya Das</a>, associate national secretary of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/YWCA" title="YWCA">YWCA</a> for India, Ceylon, and Burma</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bipan_Chandra" title="Bipan Chandra">Bipan Chandra</a>, eminent historian</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Anwar_Nasim" title="Anwar Nasim">Anwar Nasim</a>, nuclear scientist and molecular biologist</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Georg_Pfeffer" title="Georg Pfeffer">Georg Pfeffer</a> (1943–2020), German anthropologist</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rama_Tirtha" title="Rama Tirtha">Rama Tirtha</a>, Indian teacher of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a> philosophy of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vedanta" title="Vedanta">Vedanta</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Muhammad_Yusuf_Hashmi" title="Muhammad Yusuf Hashmi">Khan Bahadur Muhammad Yusuf Syed-Al-Hashmi</a>, educator, mentor, reformer, All India Muslim League and Pakistan Movement leader</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Arfa_Sayeda_Zehra" title="Arfa Sayeda Zehra">Arfa Sayeda Zehra</a>, Pakistani educationalist and Urdu language expert</li></ul> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Industry">Industry</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Forman_Christian_College&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="Edit section: Industry">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ahmad_Saeed" title="Ahmad Saeed">Chaudry Ahmed Saeed</a>, CEO of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Servis_Industries_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Servis Industries Limited">Servis Industries</a></li> <li>Lord Paul, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Swaraj_Paul" class="mw-redirect" title="Swaraj Paul">Swaraj Paul</a>, founder and CEO of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Caparo" title="Caparo">Caparo</a> Group</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Anwar_Pervez" title="Anwar Pervez">Sir Mohammad Pervaiz Anwer</a>, Co-founder &amp; Chairman, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_Bank_Limited" title="United Bank Limited">United Bank Limited</a>.</li></ul> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Journalism">Journalism</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Forman_Christian_College&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15" title="Edit section: Journalism">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mushtaq_Minhas" title="Mushtaq Minhas">Mushtaq Minhas</a>, Provincial Minister for Information and Communication AJK Assembly, anchor of Bolta Pakistan on <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Geo_TV" title="Geo TV">Geo TV</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kuldip_Nayar" title="Kuldip Nayar">Kuldip Nayar</a>, Indian author and journalist</li></ul> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Literature_and_arts">Literature and arts</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Forman_Christian_College&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16" title="Edit section: Literature and arts">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Anwar_Kamal_Pasha" title="Anwar Kamal Pasha">Anwar Kamal Pasha</a>, pioneer Pakistani film director and producer.</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Krishan_Chander" title="Krishan Chander">Krishan Chander</a>, short story writer<sup id="cite_ref-zia_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zia-24">&#91;24&#93;</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mehr_Lal_Soni_Zia_Fatehabadi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mehr Lal Soni Zia Fatehabadi">Mehr Lal Soni Zia Fatehabadi</a>, Urdu poet<sup id="cite_ref-zia_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zia-24">&#91;24&#93;</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yawar_Hayat_Khan" title="Yawar Hayat Khan">Yawar Hayat Khan</a>, senior producer/director of PTV</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Balwant_Gargi" title="Balwant Gargi">Balwant Gargi</a>, Punjabi playwright and author</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Harcharan_Singh_(writer)" title="Harcharan Singh (writer)">Harcharan Singh</a>, Punjabi playwright and dramatist</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shae_Gill" title="Shae Gill">Shae Gill</a>, singer</li></ul> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Armed_forces">Armed forces</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Forman_Christian_College&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17" title="Edit section: Armed forces">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Noel_Israel_Khokhar" title="Noel Israel Khokhar">Noel Israel Khokhar</a>, General Officer Commanding 23rd Division<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25">&#91;25&#93;</a></sup> and Major General of Pakistan Army</li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pervez_Musharraf" title="Pervez Musharraf">Pervez Musharraf</a>, former <a href="/enwiki/wiki/President_of_Pakistan" title="President of Pakistan">President of Pakistan</a>, and former <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chief_of_Army_Staff_of_the_Pakistan_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief of Army Staff of the Pakistan Army">Chief of Army Staff</a> of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pakistan_Army" title="Pakistan Army">Pakistan Army</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Michael_John_O%27Brian" title="Michael John O&#39;Brian">Michael John O'Brian</a>, O'Brian was the first Pakistan Air Force officer to serve as the Commandant of the National Defence University, Islamabad.</li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Forman_Christian_College&amp;action=edit&amp;section=18" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1011085734">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Google_maps-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Google_maps_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1133582631">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://maps.google.com/maps?q=fc%20college%20university&amp;psj=1&amp;bav=on.2,or.r_qf.&amp;bvm=bv.52164340,d.cGE,pv.xjs.s.en_US.CQsooEYev9Y.O&amp;biw=1024&amp;bih=566&amp;dpr=1&amp;um=1&amp;ie=UTF-8&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=N&amp;tab=wl">"address of FC College University"</a>. Google Maps<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=address+of+FC+College+University&amp;rft.pub=Google+Maps&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmaps.google.com%2Fmaps%3Fq%3Dfc%2520college%2520university%26psj%3D1%26bav%3Don.2%2Cor.r_qf.%26bvm%3Dbv.52164340%2Cd.cGE%2Cpv.xjs.s.en_US.CQsooEYev9Y.O%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D566%26dpr%3D1%26um%3D1%26ie%3DUTF-8%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26tab%3Dwl&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AForman+Christian+College" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tribune.com.pk/story/196458/fc-college-university-best-students-feted-ahead-of-convocation/">"FC College University: Best students feted ahead of convocation - The Express Tribune"</a>. <i>The Express Tribune</i>. 25 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Express+Tribune&amp;rft.atitle=FC+College+University%3A+Best+students+feted+ahead+of+convocation+-+The+Express+Tribune&amp;rft.date=2011-06-25&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftribune.com.pk%2Fstory%2F196458%2Ffc-college-university-best-students-feted-ahead-of-convocation%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AForman+Christian+College" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fccollege.edu.pk/heritage/">"History of FCC"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=History+of+FCC&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fccollege.edu.pk%2Fheritage%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AForman+Christian+College" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title="&#160;Dead link tagged September 2018">permanent dead link</span></a></i>&#93;</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-About_FCC_University-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-About_FCC_University_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fccollege.edu.pk/about">"About FCC"</a>. Forman Christian College<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=About+FCC&amp;rft.pub=Forman+Christian+College&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fccollege.edu.pk%2Fabout&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AForman+Christian+College" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-thefridaytimes.com-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-thefridaytimes.com_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-thefridaytimes.com_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-thefridaytimes.com_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thefridaytimes.com/tft/the-man-who-founded-fc-college/">"The man who founded FC College ‹&#160;The Friday Times"</a>. <i>thefridaytimes.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=thefridaytimes.com&amp;rft.atitle=The+man+who+founded+FC+College+%E2%80%B9+The+Friday+Times&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thefridaytimes.com%2Ftft%2Fthe-man-who-founded-fc-college%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AForman+Christian+College" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tribune.com.pk/story/256440/fc-college-an-amazing-transformation/">"FC College: an amazing transformation - The Express Tribune"</a>. <i>The Express Tribune</i>. 20 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Express+Tribune&amp;rft.atitle=FC+College%3A+an+amazing+transformation+-+The+Express+Tribune&amp;rft.date=2011-09-20&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftribune.com.pk%2Fstory%2F256440%2Ffc-college-an-amazing-transformation%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AForman+Christian+College" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pakistaniat.com/2008/03/30/forman-christian-fc-colleges-political-clout/">"Forman Christian (F.C.) College's Political Clout&#160;: ALL THINGS PAKISTAN"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Forman+Christian+%28F.C.%29+College%27s+Political+Clout+%3A+ALL+THINGS+PAKISTAN&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpakistaniat.com%2F2008%2F03%2F30%2Fforman-christian-fc-colleges-political-clout%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AForman+Christian+College" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFPresbyterian_Church_(U.S.A.)2009" class="citation web cs1">Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) (27 October 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pcusa.org/news/2009/10/27/old-college-try/">"Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) - News &amp; Announcements - The old college try"</a>. <i>pcusa.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=pcusa.org&amp;rft.atitle=Presbyterian+Church+%28U.S.A.%29+-+News+%26+Announcements+-+The+old+college+try&amp;rft.date=2009-10-27&amp;rft.au=Presbyterian+Church+%28U.S.A.%29&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pcusa.org%2Fnews%2F2009%2F10%2F27%2Fold-college-try%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AForman+Christian+College" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.presbyterianmission.org/donate/e051819/">"E051819 – Forman Christian College Advance Fund, Lahore, Pakistan"</a>. <i>Presbyterian Mission Agency</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Presbyterian+Mission+Agency&amp;rft.atitle=E051819+%E2%80%93+Forman+Christian+College+Advance+Fund%2C+Lahore%2C+Pakistan&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.presbyterianmission.org%2Fdonate%2Fe051819%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AForman+Christian+College" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130525073744/http://www.hec.gov.pk/InsideHEC/Divisions/QALI/Others/RankingofUniversities/Pages/CategoryWise.aspx">"Category Wise"</a>. <i>hec.gov.pk</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hec.gov.pk/InsideHEC/Divisions/QALI/Others/RankingofUniversities/Pages/CategoryWise.aspx">the original</a> on 25 May 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=hec.gov.pk&amp;rft.atitle=Category+Wise&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hec.gov.pk%2FInsideHEC%2FDivisions%2FQALI%2FOthers%2FRankingofUniversities%2FPages%2FCategoryWise.aspx&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AForman+Christian+College" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fccollege.edu.pk/distinctively-fcc/">"FCC Rankings"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=FCC+Rankings&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fccollege.edu.pk%2Fdistinctively-fcc%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AForman+Christian+College" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFKurianLamport2016" class="citation book cs1">Kurian, George Thomas; Lamport, Mark A. (10 November 2016). <i>Encyclopedia of Christianity in the United States</i>. Rowman &amp; Littlefield. p.&#160;905. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4422-4432-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4422-4432-0"><bdi>978-1-4422-4432-0</bdi></a>. <q>Forman decided at the outset to use English as the medium of instruction so that Western knowledge would be available to his students, making Rang Mahal the first English-language school in north India. In 1864 Forman added a college department, later renamed Forman Christian College after its founder.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Christianity+in+the+United+States&amp;rft.pages=905&amp;rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&amp;rft.date=2016-11-10&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-4422-4432-0&amp;rft.aulast=Kurian&amp;rft.aufirst=George+Thomas&amp;rft.au=Lamport%2C+Mark+A.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AForman+Christian+College" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Christian-Muslim Relations. A Bibliographical History Volume 16 North America, South-East Asia, China, Japan, and Australasia (1800-1914)</i>. BRILL. 29 June 2020. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-42990-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-42990-1"><bdi>978-90-04-42990-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Christian-Muslim+Relations.+A+Bibliographical+History+Volume+16+North+America%2C+South-East+Asia%2C+China%2C+Japan%2C+and+Australasia+%281800-1914%29&amp;rft.pub=BRILL&amp;rft.date=2020-06-29&amp;rft.isbn=978-90-04-42990-1&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AForman+Christian+College" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFAhmed" class="citation web cs1">Ahmed, Haseeb. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fccollege.edu.pk/about">"About FCC"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=About+FCC&amp;rft.aulast=Ahmed&amp;rft.aufirst=Haseeb&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fccollege.edu.pk%2Fabout&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AForman+Christian+College" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-R2-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-R2_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-R2_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mundus.ac.uk/cats/13/1280.htm">"Datta, Surendra Kumar"</a>. mundus.ac.uk<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2012</span>. <q>Surendra Kumar Datta was born in 1878. He was lecturer in history and biology 1909-1914, and Principal 1932-1942 at Forman Christian College.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Datta%2C+Surendra+Kumar&amp;rft.pub=mundus.ac.uk&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mundus.ac.uk%2Fcats%2F13%2F1280.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AForman+Christian+College" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BlackHymanSmith2014-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BlackHymanSmith2014_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BlackHymanSmith2014_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFBlackHymanSmith2014" class="citation book cs1">Black, Brian; Hyman, Gavin; Smith, Graham M. (2014). <i>Confronting Secularism in Europe and India: Legitimacy and Disenchantment in Contemporary Times</i>. A&amp;C Black. pp.&#160;88–91. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78093-607-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78093-607-9"><bdi>978-1-78093-607-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Confronting+Secularism+in+Europe+and+India%3A+Legitimacy+and+Disenchantment+in+Contemporary+Times&amp;rft.pages=88-91&amp;rft.pub=A%26C+Black&amp;rft.date=2014&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-78093-607-9&amp;rft.aulast=Black&amp;rft.aufirst=Brian&amp;rft.au=Hyman%2C+Gavin&amp;rft.au=Smith%2C+Graham+M.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AForman+Christian+College" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.instagram.com/p/cqnv1jbdj08/">"Instagram"</a>. <i>instagram.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=instagram.com&amp;rft.atitle=Instagram&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.instagram.com%2Fp%2Fcqnv1jbdj08%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AForman+Christian+College" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://friendsofforman.org/about/about-fccu">"About Forman Christian College"</a>. <i>friendsofforman.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=friendsofforman.org&amp;rft.atitle=About+Forman+Christian+College&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffriendsofforman.org%2Fabout%2Fabout-fccu&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AForman+Christian+College" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://friendsofforman.org/about/about-fccu">"About Forman Christian College"</a>. <i>friendsofforman.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=friendsofforman.org&amp;rft.atitle=About+Forman+Christian+College&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffriendsofforman.org%2Fabout%2Fabout-fccu&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AForman+Christian+College" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://friendsofforman.org/about/about-fccu">"About Forman Christian College"</a>. <i>friendsofforman.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=friendsofforman.org&amp;rft.atitle=About+Forman+Christian+College&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffriendsofforman.org%2Fabout%2Fabout-fccu&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AForman+Christian+College" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFMunir" class="citation web cs1">Munir, Haroon Christy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fccollege.edu.pk/campus-life/">"Campus Life"</a>. <i>FCCU University</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=FCCU+University&amp;rft.atitle=Campus+Life&amp;rft.aulast=Munir&amp;rft.aufirst=Haroon+Christy&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fccollege.edu.pk%2Fcampus-life%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AForman+Christian+College" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://friendsofforman.org/about/about-fccu">"About Forman Christian College"</a>. <i>friendsofforman.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=friendsofforman.org&amp;rft.atitle=About+Forman+Christian+College&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffriendsofforman.org%2Fabout%2Fabout-fccu&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AForman+Christian+College" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFPiracha2010" class="citation news cs1">Piracha, Aslam (30 September 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101003072050/http://www.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/the-newspaper/front-page/rao-sikandar-iqbal-dies-090">"Rao Sikandar Iqbal dies"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/the-newspaper/front-page/rao-sikandar-iqbal-dies-090">the original</a> on 3 October 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Rao+Sikandar+Iqbal+dies&amp;rft.date=2010-09-30&amp;rft.aulast=Piracha&amp;rft.aufirst=Aslam&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dawn.com%2Fwps%2Fwcm%2Fconnect%2Fdawn-content-library%2Fdawn%2Fthe-newspaper%2Ffront-page%2Frao-sikandar-iqbal-dies-090&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AForman+Christian+College" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-zia-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-zia_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-zia_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFMalik_Ram1977" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Malik Ram (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UR_EGwAACAAJ"><i>Zia Fatehabadi – Shakhs Aur Shair</i></a> (in Urdu). Delhi: Ilmi Majlis. pp.&#160;116–117.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Zia+Fatehabadi+%E2%80%93+Shakhs+Aur+Shair&amp;rft.place=Delhi&amp;rft.pages=116-117&amp;rft.pub=Ilmi+Majlis&amp;rft.date=1977&amp;rft.au=Malik+Ram&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUR_EGwAACAAJ&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AForman+Christian+College" class="Z3988"></span> Zia Fatehabadi and Chander studied together at Forman</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dharkan.ca/archive/summer2009.pdf">Dharkan Summer 2009</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title="&#160;Dead link tagged September 2018">permanent dead link</span></a></i>&#93;</span></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Forman_Christian_College&amp;action=edit&amp;section=19" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fccollege.edu.pk">Official website</a></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080803141414/http://fccollege.edu.pk/alumni_friends_notable.php">List of alumni</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110206193929/http://www.fccollege.edu.pk/student-life/societies/ewing-literary-society">Ewing Literary Society</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Universities_and_colleges_in_Lahore" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1063604349">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Universities_and_colleges_in_Lahore" title="Template:Universities and colleges in Lahore"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Universities_and_colleges_in_Lahore" title="Template talk:Universities and colleges in Lahore"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Universities_and_colleges_in_Lahore&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Universities_and_colleges_in_Lahore" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_educational_institutions_in_Lahore#Universities" title="List of educational institutions in Lahore">Universities and colleges</a> in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Public</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Government_College_University,_Lahore" title="Government College University, Lahore">Government College University</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Government_Islamia_College" title="Government Islamia College">Government Islamia College</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Government_M.A.O._Graduate_College,_Lahore" title="Government M.A.O. Graduate College, Lahore">Government M.A.O. Graduate College, Lahore</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Information_Technology_University_(Lahore)" class="mw-redirect" title="Information Technology University (Lahore)">Information Technology University</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/King_Edward_Medical_University" title="King Edward Medical University">King Edward Medical University</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kinnaird_College_for_Women" title="Kinnaird College for Women">Kinnaird College for Women</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lahore_College_for_Women_University" title="Lahore College for Women University">Lahore College for Women University</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_College_of_Arts" title="National College of Arts">National College of Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pakistan_Institute_of_Fashion_and_Design" title="Pakistan Institute of Fashion and Design">Pakistan Institute of Fashion and Design</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/University_of_Education" title="University of Education">University of Education</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/University_of_Engineering_and_Technology,_Lahore" title="University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore">University of Engineering and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/University_of_Health_Sciences,_Lahore" title="University of Health Sciences, Lahore">University of Health Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/University_of_the_Punjab" title="University of the Punjab">University of the Punjab</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/University_of_Veterinary_and_Animal_Sciences" title="University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences">University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Virtual_University_of_Pakistan" title="Virtual University of Pakistan">Virtual University of Pakistan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Private</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Beaconhouse_National_University" title="Beaconhouse National University">Beaconhouse National University</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Forman Christian College</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hajvery_University" title="Hajvery University">Hajvery University</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Imperial_College_of_Business_Studies" title="Imperial College of Business Studies">Imperial College of Business Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Institute_of_Management_Sciences,_Lahore" class="mw-redirect" title="Institute of Management Sciences, Lahore">Institute of Management Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/International_Fashion_Academy_Pakistan" title="International Fashion Academy Pakistan">International Fashion Academy Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lahore_Garrison_University" title="Lahore Garrison University">Lahore Garrison University</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lahore_School_of_Economics" title="Lahore School of Economics">Lahore School of Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lahore_School_of_Fashion_Design" title="Lahore School of Fashion Design">Lahore School of Fashion Design</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lahore_University_of_Management_Sciences" title="Lahore University of Management Sciences">Lahore University of Management Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Minhaj_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Minhaj University">Minhaj University</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_College_of_Business_Administration_and_Economics" title="National College of Business Administration and Economics">National College of Business Administration and Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_University_of_Computer_and_Emerging_Sciences" title="National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences">National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/National_University_of_Modern_Languages" title="National University of Modern Languages">National University of Modern Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Qarshi_University" title="Qarshi University">Qarshi University</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Superior_University,_Lahore" title="The Superior University, Lahore">The Superior University, Lahore</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/University_of_Central_Punjab" title="University of Central Punjab">University of Central Punjab</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/University_of_Lahore" title="University of Lahore">University of Lahore</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/University_of_Management_and_Technology,_Lahore" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Management and Technology, Lahore">University of Management and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/University_of_South_Asia,_Lahore" class="mw-redirect" title="University of South Asia, Lahore">University of South Asia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>These universities are recognized by the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Higher_Education_Commission_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher Education Commission of Pakistan">Higher Education Commission of Pakistan</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Global_Liberal_Arts_Alliance" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Global_Liberal_Arts_Alliance" title="Template:Global Liberal Arts Alliance"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Global_Liberal_Arts_Alliance" title="Template talk:Global Liberal Arts Alliance"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Template:Global_Liberal_Arts_Alliance&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Global_Liberal_Arts_Alliance" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Global_Liberal_Arts_Alliance" title="Global Liberal Arts Alliance">Global Liberal Arts Alliance</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold">North America</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></dt> <dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Albion_College" title="Albion College">Albion College</a></dd> <dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Antioch_College" title="Antioch College">Antioch College</a></dd> <dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Allegheny_College" title="Allegheny College">Allegheny College</a></dd> <dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Denison_University" title="Denison University">Denison University</a></dd> <dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/DePauw_University" title="DePauw University">DePauw University</a></dd> <dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Earlham_College" title="Earlham College">Earlham College</a></dd> <dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hope_College" title="Hope College">Hope College</a></dd> <dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kalamazoo_College" title="Kalamazoo College">Kalamazoo College</a></dd> <dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kenyon_College" title="Kenyon College">Kenyon College</a></dd> <dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oberlin_College" title="Oberlin College">Oberlin College</a></dd> <dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ohio_Wesleyan_University" title="Ohio Wesleyan University">Ohio Wesleyan University</a></dd> <dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wabash_College" title="Wabash College">Wabash College</a></dd> <dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/College_of_Wooster" title="College of Wooster">College of Wooster</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><span class="nobold">Bulgaria</span></dt> <dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/American_University_in_Bulgaria" title="American University in Bulgaria">American University in Bulgaria</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">France</span></dt> <dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/American_University_of_Paris" title="American University of Paris">American University of Paris</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">Greece</span></dt> <dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/American_College_of_Greece" title="American College of Greece">American College of Greece</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">Italy</span></dt> <dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Cabot_University" title="John Cabot University">John Cabot University</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">Slovakia</span></dt> <dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bratislava_International_School_of_Liberal_Arts" title="Bratislava International School of Liberal Arts">Bratislava International School of Liberal Arts</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">Switzerland</span></dt> <dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Franklin_University_Switzerland" title="Franklin University Switzerland">Franklin University</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><span class="nobold">Hong Kong</span></dt> <dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lingnan_University_(Hong_Kong)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lingnan University (Hong Kong)">Lingnan University</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">India</span></dt> <dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Flame_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Flame University">FLAME University</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">Japan</span></dt> <dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/International_Christian_University" title="International Christian University">International Christian University</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">Pakistan</span></dt> <dd><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Forman Christian College</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><span class="nobold">Egypt</span></dt> <dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/American_University_in_Cairo" class="mw-redirect" title="American University in Cairo">American University in Cairo</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">Morocco</span></dt> <dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Al_Akhawayn_University" title="Al Akhawayn University">Al Akhawayn University</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">Nigeria</span></dt> <dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/American_University_of_Nigeria" title="American University of Nigeria">American University of Nigeria</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">Ghana</span></dt> <dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ashesi_University" title="Ashesi University">Ashesi University</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Middle East</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><span class="nobold">Lebanon</span></dt> <dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/American_University_of_Beirut" title="American University of Beirut">American University of Beirut</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">Saudi Arabia</span></dt> <dd><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Effat_University" title="Effat University">Effat University</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="metadata coord-missing"></span> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3695416#identifiers&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3695416#identifiers&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3695416#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000406087004">ISNI</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/168517497">VIAF</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no95047373">United States</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div>'
Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node)
false
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp)
'1690509920'