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'{{short description|City in Arizona, United States}} {{Use mdy dates|date=April 2020}} {{Infobox settlement | official_name = Coolidge | settlement_type = City | other_name = | native_name = <!-- for cities whose native name is not in English --> | motto = | image_skyline = File: Coolidge-Coolidge High School-1939-1.JPG | imagesize = 200px | image_caption = Original 1939 Coolidge High School | image_flag = | flag_size = | image_seal = | seal_size = | image_shield = | shield_size = | image_blank_emblem = | blank_emblem_size = | image_map = File:Pinal County Arizona Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Coolidge Highlighted 0415500.svg | mapsize = 250px | map_caption = Location of Coolidge in Pinal County, Arizona | image_map1 = | mapsize1 = | map_caption1 = | pushpin_map = Arizona#USA | pushpin_label = Coolidge | pushpin_map_caption = Location in the United States | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = United States | subdivision_type1 = State | subdivision_name1 = Arizona | subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in Arizona|County]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Pinal County, Arizona|Pinal]] | government_type = City | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = Jon Thompson (R) | established_title1 = Founded | established_date1 = 1925 | established_title2 = Incorporated | established_date2 = 1945 | area_magnitude = | unit_pref = Imperial | area_footnotes = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2020">{{cite web|title=2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_place_04.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=October 29, 2021}}</ref> | area_total_km2 = 215.11 | area_land_km2 = 214.69 | area_water_km2 = 0.42 | area_total_sq_mi = 83.05 | area_land_sq_mi = 82.89 | area_water_sq_mi = 0.16 | area_water_percent = 0 | area_urban_km2 = | area_urban_sq_mi = | area_metro_km2 = | area_metro_sq_mi = | population_as_of = [[2020 United States Census|2020]] | population_est = | pop_est_as_of = | pop_est_footnotes = | population_total = 13218 | population_footnotes = | population_density_km2 = 61.57 | population_density_sq_mi = 159.46 | population_metro = | population_density_metro_km2 = | population_density_metro_sq_mi = | population_urban = | population_density_urban_km2 = | population_density_urban_sq_mi = | timezone = [[Mountain Time Zone|MST]] | utc_offset = -7 | timezone_DST = no [[Daylight savings time|DST]] | coordinates = {{coord|32|56|37|N|111|31|23|W |region:US_type:city |display=inline,title}} | elevation_ft = 1424 | elevation_footnotes = <ref name=gnis/> | nickname = C-Town | utc_offset_DST = | postal_code_type = ZIP code | postal_code = 85128 | area_code = 520 | blank1_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standards|FIPS]] code | blank1_info = 04-15500 | blank2_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] ID | blank2_info = 2410221<ref name=gnis>{{GNIS|2410221}}</ref> | website = {{cite web |url=https://www.coolidgeaz.com/ |title=Coolidge AZ |website=coolidgeaz.com}} }} '''Coolidge''' is a city in [[Pinal County, Arizona|Pinal County]], [[Arizona]], United States. According to the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]], the city's population is 13,218.<ref name ="wwwcensusgov">{{cite web |title=U.S. Census website |url=https://www.census.gov |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=August 5, 2014}}</ref> Coolidge is home of the [[Casa Grande Ruins National Monument]]. The monument was the first historic site to receive protected status by the [[United States Government]] in 1892. Coolidge is also home to both [[Central Arizona College]] and the [[Central Arizona Valley Institute of Technology]]. ==History== The area containing what is now the City of Coolidge was occupied by the [[Hohokam]], an indigenous ancient [[Sonoran Desert]] people who built a massive compound consisting many of [[caliche]] structures and remained in the area for over 1,000 years. The only remaining and preserved structure from this compound is the Casa Grande Ruins National Monument. The modern history of the city is centered around agriculture, particularly cotton. Coolidge was founded in 1925 when R.J. Jones laid out an {{convert|80|acres}} site during the construction of the [[Coolidge Dam]] on the nearby [[Gila River]], which was completed in 1930. Both the dam and the townsite were named for [[Calvin Coolidge]], the 30th President of the United States. The dam made the sandy soil native to the area into very rich [[farmland]], and soon vast expanses of desert were plowed and acres of cotton were planted. This is when the area's status as the hub of the Arizona cotton industry was solidified and led to the incorporation of Coolidge as a city in 1945.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.visitarizona.com/cities/phoenix-and-central/coolidge/ |title=Coolidge |website=visitarizona.com}}</ref> [[File:Coolidge railroad trestle bridge looking in edited.jpg|thumb|A Union Pacific Railroad bridge in Coolidge]] ==Economy== Up until the 1950s, the city's economy was completely dependent on mining and cotton. It has since diversified to include manufacturing, [[regional trade]], and services for agricultural producers and farm families.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.azcommerce.com/a/profiles/ViewProfile/48/Coolidge/ |title=Coolidge |website=azcommerce.com}}</ref> In 2019, [[Nikola Motor Company]] purchased {{convert|389|acres}} in Coolidge<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.azcentral.com/story/money/business/jobs/2019/03/22/nikola-motor-co-buys-land-coolidge-arizona-factory-build-zero-emission-trucks-jobs/3246586002/ |title=Nikola Motor Co. buys land – Coolidge Arizona factory to build zero-emission trucks |website=The Arizona Republic |date=March 22, 2019 }}</ref> and operates a factory for [[zero-emissions]] [[Truck classification|heavy trucks]], with a production capacity of 2,500 trucks per year.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nikola Tre wins eligibility for $185k New York Truck Voucher Incentive |url=https://www.teslarati.com/nikola-tre-wins-eligibility-for-185k-new-york-truck-voucher-incentive/ |date=9 June 2022}}</ref> ==Geography== {{unsourced|section|date=February 2023}} According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|5.0|sqmi|km2}}, all of it land. It contains no [[mountains]] and is almost entirely flat, lying in a fertile valley located just south of the Gila River. The [[Sacaton Mountains (Arizona)|Sacaton Mountains]] are visible to the west, and the Picacho Mountains are visible to the southeast. [[Arizona State Route 87]] and [[Arizona State Route 287]] pass through the town, providing connections to the [[Phoenix metropolitan area]], [[Casa Grande, Arizona|Casa Grande]], and [[Eloy, Arizona|Eloy]]. [[Interstate 10 in Arizona|Interstate 10]] is located approximately {{convert|10|miles}} to the west. Coolidge is {{convert|56|mi}} southeast of [[Phoenix, Arizona|Phoenix]], {{convert|69|mi}} northwest of [[Tucson, Arizona|Tucson]], {{convert|21|mi}} northeast of [[Casa Grande, Arizona|Casa Grande]] and 11 miles southwest of [[Florence, Arizona|Florence]]. [[Picacho Reservoir]] is just {{convert|11|mi}} south of town. ==Climate== Coolidge features a hot [[desert]] climate ([[Köppen climate classification]] BWh), typical of the [[Sonoran Desert]]. Winters are characterized by abundant [[sunshine]] and are typically brief and mild, consisting of daytime highs in the {{convert|65|F}} to {{convert|75|F}} range. Lows are usually between {{convert|35|F}} and {{convert|45|F}}, though several [[Freezing|freezes]] occur annually. Rain is infrequent, occurring 2–3 days per month usually following the passage of a [[cold front]]. The record low temperature for the city is {{convert|8|F}}. [[Summers]] are long and very hot, with temperatures of {{convert|100|F}} to {{convert|110|F}} almost daily from the end of May until September, with temperatures above {{convert|115|F}} not uncommon. The record high temperature for the city is {{convert|123|F}}. Summertime lows are usually above {{convert|70|F}}, with occasional periods of lows above {{convert|80|F}}. Coolidge is affected by the [[North American Monsoon]], which brings brief heavy downpours and gusty winds in the second half of summer. Severe events can sometimes cause [[haboob]]s and [[flash flooding]]. {{weather box |single line=yes |precipitation colour=green |width=auto |location=[[Casa Grande Ruins National Monument]], Arizona (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1908–1916 and 1932–present) |Jan record high F = 89 |Feb record high F = 93 |Mar record high F = 100 |Apr record high F = 106 |May record high F = 116 |Jun record high F = 123 |Jul record high F = 123 |Aug record high F = 120 |Sep record high F = 115 |Oct record high F = 111 |Nov record high F = 97 |Dec record high F = 89 |year record high F= |Jan avg record high F = 78.8 |Feb avg record high F = 82.7 |Mar avg record high F = 90.8 |Apr avg record high F = 99.2 |May avg record high F = 106.8 |Jun avg record high F = 113.9 |Jul avg record high F = 114.8 |Aug avg record high F = 113.1 |Sep avg record high F = 108.9 |Oct avg record high F = 102.0 |Nov avg record high F = 89.9 |Dec avg record high F = 79.1 |year avg record high F = 116.1 |Jan high F = 67.6 |Feb high F = 71.3 |Mar high F = 78.2 |Apr high F = 86.4 |May high F = 95.2 |Jun high F = 105.1 |Jul high F = 106.6 |Aug high F = 104.9 |Sep high F = 100.7 |Oct high F = 90.5 |Nov high F = 77.8 |Dec high F = 66.9 |year high F= 87.6 |Jan mean F = 52.3 |Feb mean F = 55.5 |Mar mean F = 61.7 |Apr mean F = 68.6 |May mean F = 77.2 |Jun mean F = 86.6 |Jul mean F = 91.8 |Aug mean F = 90.8 |Sep mean F = 85.2 |Oct mean F = 73.4 |Nov mean F = 60.8 |Dec mean F = 51.6 |year mean F= 71.3 |Jan low F = 37.0 |Feb low F = 39.7 |Mar low F = 45.2 |Apr low F = 50.8 |May low F = 59.2 |Jun low F = 68.0 |Jul low F = 77.1 |Aug low F = 76.6 |Sep low F = 69.8 |Oct low F = 56.3 |Nov low F = 43.7 |Dec low F = 36.3 |year low F= 55.0 |Jan avg record low F = 26.1 |Feb avg record low F = 29.0 |Mar avg record low F = 33.6 |Apr avg record low F = 38.5 |May avg record low F = 46.5 |Jun avg record low F = 56.3 |Jul avg record low F = 66.5 |Aug avg record low F = 66.7 |Sep avg record low F = 56.6 |Oct avg record low F = 42.7 |Nov avg record low F = 29.1 |Dec avg record low F = 25.7 |year avg record low F = 23.0 |Jan record low F = 8 |Feb record low F = 11 |Mar record low F = 21 |Apr record low F = 25 |May record low F = 32 |Jun record low F = 44 |Jul record low F = 51 |Aug record low F = 55 |Sep record low F = 37 |Oct record low F = 25 |Nov record low F = 17 |Dec record low F = 14 |year record low F= |Jan precipitation inch = 0.98 |Feb precipitation inch = 1.02 |Mar precipitation inch = 0.94 |Apr precipitation inch = 0.25 |May precipitation inch = 0.20 |Jun precipitation inch = 0.06 |Jul precipitation inch = 1.12 |Aug precipitation inch = 1.24 |Sep precipitation inch = 0.70 |Oct precipitation inch = 0.48 |Nov precipitation inch = 0.49 |Dec precipitation inch = 0.77 |year precipitation inch= 8.25 |Jan precipitation days = 4.4 |Feb precipitation days = 4.2 |Mar precipitation days = 3.2 |Apr precipitation days = 1.4 |May precipitation days = 1.3 |Jun precipitation days = 0.6 |Jul precipitation days = 4.7 |Aug precipitation days = 5.3 |Sep precipitation days = 3.3 |Oct precipitation days = 2.2 |Nov precipitation days = 2.0 |Dec precipitation days = 4.2 |year precipitation days= 36.8 |source 1 = [[NOAA]]<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.weather.gov/wrh/climate?wfo=psr|title = NOWData – NOAA Online Weather Data|publisher= National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|access-date = November 19, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&stations=USC00021314&format=pdf&dataTypes=MLY-TMAX-NORMAL,MLY-TMIN-NORMAL,MLY-TAVG-NORMAL,MLY-PRCP-NORMAL,MLY-SNOW-NORMAL|title = Summary of Monthly Normals 1991–2020|publisher= National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|access-date = November 19, 2022}}</ref> }} ==Demographics== {{US Census population |align=left |1960= 4990 |1970= 5314 |1980= 6851 |1990= 6934 |2000= 7786 |2010= 11825 |2020= 13218 |align-fn=center |footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2016}}</ref> }} As of the census<ref name="GR2">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=January 31, 2008 |title=U.S. Census website }}</ref> of 2000, there were 7,786 people, 2,585 households, and 1,938 families residing in the city. The population density was {{convert|1,549.1|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 3,212 housing units at an average density of {{convert|639.1|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of the city was 57.9% [[Race (United States Census)|White]], 8.3% [[Race (United States Census)|Black]] or [[Race (United States Census)|African American]], 5.6% [[Race (United States Census)|Native American]], 0.7% [[Race (United States Census)|Asian]], 0.1% [[Race (United States Census)|Pacific Islander]], 23.6% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 3.8% from two or more races. 39.2% of the population were [[Race (United States Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Race (United States Census)|Latino]] of any race. There were 2,585 households, out of which 38.5% had children under age 18 living with them, 48.8% were married couples living together, 19.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.0% were non-families. 20.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.00 and the average family size was 3.44. [[File:Coolidge, Arizona. Main street of Coolidge on Saturday afternoon during cotton harvest. - NARA - 522056.jpg|200px|thumb|Main street of Coolidge on a Saturday afternoon during cotton harvest (ca. 1922–1953)]] In the city, the population was spread out, with 32.9% under age 18, 10.4% aged 18–24, 24.4% aged 25–44, 18.9% aged 45–64, and 13.4% who were aged 65 years or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.1 males. The median income for a household in the city was $29,049, and the median income for a family was $33,536. Males had a median income of $29,159 versus $21,472 for females. The per capita income for the city was $13,663. About 20.9% of families and 24.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 30.9% of those under age 18 and 20.5% of those age 65 or over. In 2010, Coolidge had a population of 11,825. The racial and ethnic composition of the population was 43.6% non-Hispanic white, 7.3% non-Hispanic black, 0.5% Hispanic blacks, 3.8% non-Hispanic Native American, 1.9% Hispanic or Latino Native American, 1.0% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.1% non-Hispanic from some other race, 5.0% from two or more races and 42.0% Hispanic or Latino.<ref>2010 census report on race, Hispanic or Latino, age and housing occupancy for Coolidge{{full citation|date=February 2020}}</ref> ==Education== * '''[[Coolidge High School]]''', a high school located in the central part of the city. * '''West Elementary School''', a K-6 school located in the western part of the city. * '''Imagine Schools Coolidge Elementary''', a K-5 charter school located in the northern part of the city. * '''Imagine Prep Coolidge''', a 6–12 charter school located adjacent to Imagine Coolidge Elementary. * '''[[Central Arizona College]]''' * '''[[Central Arizona Valley Institute of Technology]]''' the schools are really really ghetto ==Transportation== The City of Coolidge operates the Cotton Express, which provides local bus service.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cotton Express – Coolidge, AZ |access-date=January 27, 2020 |url=https://www.coolidgeaz.com/index.asp?Type=B_BASIC&SEC={A83B6457-672C-4711-B294-221C3682F32F}}}</ref> The City of Coolidge also operates Central Arizona Regional Transit (CART), which provides transportation between [[Florence, Arizona|Florence]], Coolidge, [[Central Arizona College]] and [[Casa Grande, Arizona|Casa Grande]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ride The Cart – Partnership in Motion |access-date= January 27, 2020 |url=http://ridethecart.com/}}</ref> The town was home to [[Coolidge (Amtrak station)|a station]] for [[Amtrak]]; it closed in June 1996. The [[Coolidge Municipal Airport]], which has two asphalt [[runway]]s, is located {{convert|5|miles}} southeast of the city and had 56,050 aircraft operations in the yearly period ending April 2, 2020.<ref name=FAA>{{FAA-airport|ID=P08|use=PU|own=PU|site=00662.*A}}, effective December 3, 2020</ref> The closest major airports to Coolidge are [[Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport]] and [[Tucson International Airport]]. Casa Grande Shuttle provides an [[airport shuttle]] to Sky Harbor.<ref>{{Cite web| title = Our Rates and Van Schedule {{!}} Casa Grande Shuttle| accessdate = 2021-11-10| url = https://casagrandeshuttle.com/our-rates-and-schedule/}}</ref> ==Notable people== * [[Duane Eddy]] – rock & roll guitarist and record producer, Coolidge High School graduate<ref name="The Book of Golden Discs">{{cite book |first=Joseph |last=Murrells |year=1978 |title=The Book of Golden Discs |edition=2nd |publisher=Barrie and Jenkins Ltd |location=London |isbn=0-214-20512-6 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/bookofgoldendisc00murr}}</ref> * [[Waylon Jennings]] – singer, [[Country Music Hall of Fame]] * [[Sammi Smith]] – country music recording artist and songwriter<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.liveabout.com/sam-smith-biography-and-profile-4153869 |title=The Story of Singer and Songwriter Sam Smith |last=Lamb |first=Bill |website=LiveAbout |access-date=May 30, 2019 }}</ref> ==Historic properties== {{Gallery |title=Historic properties in Coolidge, Arizona |width=180px |height=200px |align=center |lines=4 | File:Coolidge - Casa Grande Ruins National Monument-1450 C.E. -3.JPG|The '''Casa Grande Ruins''' are located at Ruins Drive in Coolidge, Az. Built by the Hohokam, the Casa Grande was abandoned around {{CE|1450|link=y}}. Written historic accounts of the Casa Grande begin with the journal entries of Padre Eusebio Francisco Kino when he visited the ruins in 1694. Listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1966, and reference #66000192. |File:Coolidge - Casa Grande Ruins National Monument-1450 C.E. 10.JPG|Inside the Casa Grande Big House Ruins |File:Coolidge-Coolidge Woman's Club-1925.JPG|The '''Coolidge Woman's Club''' (Building) was built in 1925 and is located at 240 W. Pinkley Ave., Coolidge, Arizona. The building was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1990, reference #900015924. |File: Coolidge-Coolidge High School-1939-2.JPG |Historic '''Coolidge High School''' built in 1939 and NRHP eligible. The building now houses the offices of the Coolidge Unified School District No. 21. }} ==See also== * [[Central Arizona College]] * [[Central Arizona Valley Institute of Technology]] * [[Coolidge Municipal Airport]] * [[Coolidge Dam]] ==References== {{reflist|25em}} ==External links== {{Commons category}} {{wikivoyage}} * {{Official website|www.coolidgeaz.com}} * {{cite web |url=http://www.nps.gov/cagr/ |title=Casa Grande Ruins National Monument |publisher=National Park Service}} * {{cite web |url=http://www.azohwy.com/c/csgrnrnm.htm |title=Casa Grande Ruins |website=azohwy.com|publisher=Online Highways }} * {{cite web |url=http://www.pinalgeologymusuem.org |title=Pinal Geology and Mineral Museum |location=Coolidge, AZ |website=pinalgeologymusuem.org}} {{Pinal County, Arizona}} {{Phoenix Metropolitan Area}} {{authority control}} [[Category:Cities in Arizona]] [[Category:Cities in Pinal County, Arizona]] [[Category:Populated places established in 1945]] [[Category:Phoenix metropolitan area]]'