Edit filter log

'A '''pulpit altar''' or '''pulpit-altar''' is an [[altar]] in a church that is built together with a [[pulpit]] that is designed as an extension above the altar, so the pulpit, altar, and [[altarpiece]] form one unit. This type of altar is typical in a [[Baroque|Baroque style]] church whereas earlier medieval churches and many more modern churches tend to have the more common free-standing pulpit that was set apart from the altar. This design became popular after the [[Protestant reformation|Protestant Reformation]] in [[Lutheran]] churches. It was first built to emphasize the importance of the [[sermon]] and the preaching of the Word of God in the [[Church service|worship service]]. It also symbolizes that the [[Bible|Word of God]] stands together with the [[sacrament]]s (Holy Communion) which takes place on the altar below. The first pulpit altars appeared in the German areas of Europe and in the baroque churches of the 1600s and 1700s. Sometimes the organ was placed above the pulpit as well to symbolize that music was also central to the church.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Prekestolalter |url=https://kunsthistorie.com/fagwiki/Prekestolalter |access-date=2022-12-03 |website=Kunsthistorie.no |language=no}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Pulpit altar |url=https://www.markgrafenkirchen.de/en/knowledge/lexicon/pulpit-altar/ |access-date=2022-12-03 |website=Mark Grafen Kirche}}</ref><ref name="yates">{{Cite book |last=Yates |first=Nigel |title=Liturgical Space Christian Worship and Church Buildings in Western Europe 1500-2000 |date=2017-05-15 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=9781317104100 |location=United Kingdom}}</ref> ==Germany== The oldest surviving pulpit altar ({{lang-de|kanzelaltar}}) is in the castle chapel of [[Wilhelmsburg Castle]] in [[Schmalkalden]] (today Thuringia), which was built under [[William IV, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel]] in 1585–1590. Pulpit altars were quite popular in [[Upper Franconia]], southern [[Lower Saxony]], the [[Bergisches Land]], and the Saxon duchies of today's state of [[Thuringia]]. The earliest verified example of a pulpit altar in the Thuringian area was built in the castle chapel of [[Callenberg Castle]] in [[Coburg]] (today Upper Franconia in [[Bavaria]]), built under Duke [[John Casimir, Duke of Saxe-Coburg|Johann Casimir]] of Saxe-Coburg and it was inaugurated in 1618.<ref name="yates" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Mai |first=Hartmut |title=Der evangelische Kanzelaltar, Geschichte und Bedeutung |date=1969 |publisher=Halle |page=35 |language=German}}</ref> In the 19th century (in particular), a dispute broke out in the Protestant churches about the correct form and position of the altar. The [[:de:Eisenacher Regulativ|Eisenach regulation of 1861]] rejected the pulpit altar and required churches to have a free-standing arrangement of the altar in a sanctuary, bringing the design closer to the medieval Catholic setup of the [[chancel]]. ==Indonesia== Some [[Protestant]] churches in [[Indonesia]] place the preaching pulpit in the centre of the altar, especially the [[Batak Christian Protestant Church]] ([[Indonesian language|Indonesian]]: ''Huria Kristen Batak Protestan''), one of the largest Lutheran churches in [[Southeast Asia]], it is because of the influence of [[Dutch East Indies|Dutch colonisation]] in Indonesia in the past a.k.a. the [[Dutch Reformed|Dutch Calvinism]], and making it as colonial legacy that is still preserved today. Then, in a partially Batak Christian Protestant Church by placing the pulpit on the right which functions as for the pastor when starting the sermon activities taking place in the church, and on the left there is a church news pulpit which aims to convey church information to the congregation in the Batak Christian Protestant Church, this church concept is characteristic of Lutheranism. Traditionally, the Batak Christian Protestant Church is a separate church from the [[Rhenish Missionary Society]] from [[Germany]], which has the characteristics of a mixed [[Lutheran church]] compared to the original Lutheran churches in the [[Nordic countries]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-08-30 |title=HKBP: Gereja Lutheran Gado-gado |url=https://saenababan.com/2021/08/30/hkbp-gereja-lutheran-gado-gado/ |access-date=2022-07-06 |website=SAEnababan.com |language=en-US}}</ref> ==Norwegian== Many churches in Norway got pulpit altars ({{lang-no|prekestolalter}}) during the second half of the 18th century and especially in the first three decades of the 19th century, several of these were later rebuilt or got an extra pulpit with a traditional placement. Pulpit altars can be seen in the [[Nykirken]] in [[Bergen]] (reconstruction 1756), [[Gamlebyen Church]] in [[Oslo]] (1796), [[Røros Church]] (1784), [[Kongsberg Church]] (1740–61), and [[Sør-Fron Church]] (1792). Pulpit altars were also used in the [[Octagonal churches in Norway|octagonal churches]] such as in [[Hadsel Church]], [[Klæbu Church]], and [[Tynset Church]]. The pulpit altar went out of fashion after a time, partly because the altar seemed to be subordinate to the pulpit. In [[Klæbu Church]], a pulpit was later set up on the floor because of the priest's fear of heights. According to Hosar, there are at least 58 pulpit altars in Norwegian churches.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hosar |first=Kåre |title=Sør-Fron kirke. Lokal bakgrunn og impulser utenfra. Magisteravhandling i kunsthistorie. |publisher=Universitetet i Oslo |year=1988 |language=no}}</ref> In 1749, the old [[Hopen Church]] on [[Smøla (island)|Smøla]] was probably the first church in Norway to get a pulpit altar.<ref name="snl">{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Prekestolalter |encyclopedia=[[Store norske leksikon]] |publisher=[[Kunnskapsforlaget]] |url=https://snl.no/prekestolalter |date=2020-06-08 |editor-last=Gunnarsjaa |editor-first=Arne |language=Norwegian |accessdate=2022-12-03}}</ref> ==Media gallery== <gallery mode="packed" heights="170"> File:Christians Kirke Copenhagen altar pulpit organ.jpg|[[Christian's Church, Copenhagen]], [[Denmark]] Dorfkirche Berlitt 2017 Kanzelaltar.jpg|Dorf Church in Berlitt, Germany Serbin-View of pulpit and altar.png|St. Paul's Lutheran Church, Serbin, Texas Tolga kirke 2018-07-21-9084.jpg|[[Tolga Church]], Tolga, Norway Schlitz Bernshausen Protestant Church Altar Organ Pulpit if.png|Pulpit-altar with organ in Bernshausen, Germany Røros kirke alterparti.jpg|[[Røros Church]], Røros, Norway File:Kongsberg kirke - Autel.JPG|[[Kongsberg Church]] in [[Kongsberg]], [[Norway]] File:HKBP Setia Negara, Res. Setia Negara 04.jpg|[[Batak Christian Protestant Church]] in [[North Sumatra]], [[Indonesia]] </gallery> ==References== {{reflist}} {{authority control}} [[Category:Church architecture]] [[Category:Altars]] [[Category:Lutheran art]] [[Category:Altarpieces]] [[Category:Pulpits]]'