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Page title without namespace (page_title) | 'Muati' |
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Edit summary/reason (summary) | 'Expansion/destubbing, orphan tag removed as the Nanaya article now links here. Correcting a mistake: the cited articles appear to agree that the reference to Muati as a deity from Dilmun is an ancient error. Also, Dilmun is also not an “ancient paradise” in this context but a real place (Bahrain).' |
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New content model (new_content_model) | 'wikitext' |
Old page wikitext, before the edit (old_wikitext) | '{{Short description|Sumerian local god}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Orphan|date=September 2023}}
{{Notability|date=June 2015}}
}}
'''Muati''' is a local god of obscure origin in the [[Sumerian religion|Sumerian]] pantheon. He is associated in some texts with the mythical island paradise of [[Dilmun]], and becomes [[Syncretism|syncretised]] with [[Nabu]].{{r|"Mitteilungen 1967"}}{{r|"Khalifa Khalifa Rice Bahrain. Wizārat al-Iʻlām 1986"}}{{r|"Potts 1983"}}
== References ==
{{reflist|refs=
<ref name="Mitteilungen 1967">{{cite book
| title = Mitteilungen
| publisher = Akademie-Verlag.
| issue = v. 12
| year = 1967
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=iEQqAQAAIAAJ
| access-date = 27 July 2018
| pages = 47–48
}}</ref>
<ref name="Khalifa Khalifa Rice Bahrain. Wizārat al-Iʻlām 1986">{{cite book
| last = Khalifa
| first = S.H.A.A.
| last2 = Khalifa
| first2 = H.A.
| last3 = Rice
| first3 = M.
| author4 = Bahrain. Wizārat al-Iʻlām
| author5 = Bahrain. Wizarat al-Ilam
| title = Bahrain Through the Ages: The Archaeology
| publisher = KPI
| series = Bahrain Through the Ages
| year = 1986
| isbn = 978-0-7103-0112-3
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=2hmbc9evgB0C&pg=PA347
| access-date = 27 July 2018
| page = 347
}}</ref>
<ref name="Potts 1983">{{cite book
| last = Potts
| first = D.T.
| title = Dilmun: new studies in the archaeology and early history of Bahrain
| publisher = D. Reimer Verlag
| series = Berliner Beitrãge zum Vorderen Orient
| year = 1983
| isbn = 978-3-496-00744-9
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=O-BtAAAAMAAJ
| access-date = 27 July 2018
| page = 68
}}</ref>
}}
[[Category:Mesopotamian gods]]
{{MEast-myth-stub}}' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext) | '{{Short description|Mesopotamian god}}
{{Infobox deity
| type = Mesopotamian
| name = Muati
| spouse = [[Nanaya]]
}}
'''Muati''' was a Mesopotamian god. His character is poorly known. He was regarded as the spouse of [[Nanaya]] in [[Old Babylonian Empire|Old Babylonian]] sources. He was later [[syncretised]] with [[Nabu]], who likely came to be associated with Nanaya for this reason. Muati is attested in a poem from the reign of [[Abi-Eshuh]], in which he is implored to mediate with his wife on behalf on this ruler. Additionally, he is mentioned in a single text from [[Isin]], possibly in a document from [[Larsa]], and in a god list counting him among the deities of [[Uruk]].
==Character==
Muati's character is poorly understood, though it is known that he was regarded as the spouse of [[Nanaya]].{{sfn|Beaulieu|2003|p=186}} According to Giole Zisa, it is possible that her nameless partner in love incantations, where they are listed in parallel with couples [[Inanna]] and [[Dumuzi]] and [[Ishara]] and Almānu, might be Muati.{{sfn|Zisa|2021|p=434}} From the reign of [[Marduk-apla-iddina I]] onward, Nanaya could instead be associated with [[Nabu]].{{sfn|Beaulieu|2003|pp=185-186}} Since Nabu and Muati came to be equated at some point, it is possible that the spousal connection with Nanaya was transferred between them.{{sfn|Schmidtchen|2018|p=326}} In the first millennium BCE, Muati was effectively an alternate name of Nabu.{{sfn|Beaulieu|2003|p=186}} Marten Stol treats Muati and Nabu interchangeably in his discussion of deities associated with Nanaya in the [[Old Babylonian period]] already,{{sfn|Stol|1998|p=148}} but Francesco Pomponio{{sfn|Pomponio|1998|p=21}} and [[Wilfred G. Lambert]] stress that they were most likely fully separate at first.{{sfn|Lambert|2013|p=275}}
The [[lexical lists|god list]] ''An = Anu ša amēli'' refers to Muati as "Nabu of [[Dilmun]]".{{sfn|Al-Nashef|2012|pp=346-347}} Ebbe Egede Knudsen on this basis suggested a connection between him and the personal name of an inhabitant of Dilmun, ''me-a-ti-a-nu-um''.{{sfn|Knudsen|1982|p=17}} However, {{ill|Khaled Al-Nashef|de|Khaled Nashef}} concluded that the god list entry linking Muati with Dilmun is most likely an ancient error, and points out the existence of multiple other lists designating the Dilmunite deity [[Inzak|Enzag]] as the "Nabu of Dilmun".{{sfn|Al-Nashef|2012|p=347}} He also stated that due to lack of evidence ''me-a-ti-a-nu-um'' cannot be considered an example of a [[theophoric name]] invoking Muati.{{sfn|Al-Nashef|2012|p=352}} Daniel T. Potts also considers the connection to be doubtful.{{sfn|Potts|1983|p=43}}
==Worship==
A poem focused on the relationship between Muati and Nanaya known from only one copy implores him to intercede with her on behalf of [[Abi-Eshuh]], the king of [[Babylon]] between 1711 and 1684 BCE.{{sfn|Foster|2005|p=160}} Presumably it was composed during his reign.{{sfn|Zisa|2021|p=139}} According to Aage Westenholz and [[Joan Goodnick Westenholz]], Muati is additionally attested in a single text from [[Old Babylonian Empire|Old Babylonian]] [[Larsa]] which might indicate a statue representing him stood in the local [[É (temple)|temple]] of [[Nanaya]].{{sfn|Westenholz|Westenholz|2006|p=15}} However, [[Dominique Charpin]] has expressed doubts about the restoration of the theonym, and thus about the worship of Muati in Larsa.{{sfn|Charpin|2007|p=165}} A single reference to him has also been identified in a hitherto unpublished text from [[Isin]].{{sfn|Westenholz|Westenholz|2006|p=15}} In a fragmentary Old Babylonian god list (VAT 6563) he appears among deities linked with [[Uruk]] alongside Nanaya.{{sfn|Pomponio|1998|p=21}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
===Bibliography===
{{refbegin|40em}}
*{{cite book|last=Al-Nashef|first=Khaled|editor1-last=Al Khalifa|editor1-first=Shaikha Haya Ali|editor2-last=Rice|editor2-first=Michael|title=Bahrain Through The Ages: The Archaeology|chapter=The Deities of Dilmun|publisher=Taylor & Francis|year=2012|orig-year=1986|isbn=978-1-136-14178-2 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7ntEg9pFq6MC&pg=PA343|access-date=2023-10-12}}
*{{cite book|last=Beaulieu|first=Paul-Alain|title=The Pantheon of Uruk During the Neo-Babylonian period|publisher=Brill STYX|publication-place=Leiden Boston|year=2003|isbn=978-90-04-13024-1|oclc=51944564}}
*{{cite journal|last=Charpin|first=Dominique|title=Chroniques bibliographiques 10. Économie, société et institutions paléo-babylonienne : nouvelles sources, nouvelles approches|journal=Revue d'assyriologie et d'archéologie orientale|publisher=CAIRN|volume=101|issue=1|year=2007|issn=0373-6032|doi=10.3917/assy.101.0147|pages=147-182|language=fr}}
*{{cite book|last=Foster|first=Benjamin R.|title=Before the Muses: an Anthology of Akkadian Literature|publisher=CDL Press|publication-place=Bethesda, Md.|date=2005|isbn=1-883053-76-5|oclc=57123664}}
*{{cite journal|last=Knudsen|first=Ebbe Egede|title=An Analysis of Amorite: A Review Article|journal=Journal of Cuneiform Studies|publisher=University of Chicago Press|volume=34|issue=1-2|year=1982|issn=0022-0256|doi=10.2307/1359989|pages=1–18}}
*{{cite book|last=Lambert|first=Wilfred G.|title=Babylonian Creation Myths|publisher=Eisenbrauns|publication-place=Winona Lake, Indiana|year=2013|isbn=978-1-57506-861-9|oclc=861537250}}
*{{citation|last=Pomponio|first=Francesco|entry=Nabû A. Philological|encyclopedia=Reallexikon der Assyriologie|year=1998|entry-url=http://publikationen.badw.de/en/rla/index#8125|access-date=2023-10-12}}
*{{cite book|last=Potts|first=Daniel T.|title=Dilmun: new studies in the archaeology and early history of Bahrain|publisher=D. Reimer Verlag|series=Berliner Beiträge zum Vorderen Orient|year=1983|isbn=978-3-496-00744-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O-BtAAAAMAAJ|access-date=2023-10-12}}
*{{cite book|last=Schmidtchen|first=Eric|title=Assyrian and Babylonian Scholarly Text Catalogues|chapter=The Edition of Esagil-kīn-apli’s Catalogue of the Series Sakikkû (SA.GIG) and Alamdimmû|pages=313–334|publisher=De Gruyter|date=2018|isbn=978-1-5015-0491-4|doi=10.1515/9781501504914-011}}
*{{citation|last=Stol|first=Marten|entry=Nanaja|encyclopedia=Reallexikon der Assyriologie|year=1998|entry-url=http://publikationen.badw.de/en/rla/index#8251|language=de|access-date=2023-10-12}}
*{{cite book|last1=Westenholz|first1=Joan Goodnick|last2=Westenholz|first2=Aage|title=Cuneiform inscriptions in the collection of the Bible Lands Museum Jerusalem: the old Babylonian inscriptions|publisher=Brill|publication-place=Leiden|year=2006|isbn=978-90-474-0838-3|oclc=320326253}}
*{{cite book|last=Zisa|first=Gioele|title=The Loss of Male Sexual Desire in Ancient Mesopotamia|publisher=De Gruyter|date=2021|isbn=978-3-11-075726-2|doi=10.1515/9783110757262|s2cid=243923454}}
{{refend}}
[[Category:Mesopotamian gods]]' |
Unified diff of changes made by edit (edit_diff) | '@@ -1,55 +1,35 @@
-{{Short description|Sumerian local god}}
-{{Multiple issues|
-{{Orphan|date=September 2023}}
-{{Notability|date=June 2015}}
+{{Short description|Mesopotamian god}}
+{{Infobox deity
+| type = Mesopotamian
+| name = Muati
+| spouse = [[Nanaya]]
}}
+'''Muati''' was a Mesopotamian god. His character is poorly known. He was regarded as the spouse of [[Nanaya]] in [[Old Babylonian Empire|Old Babylonian]] sources. He was later [[syncretised]] with [[Nabu]], who likely came to be associated with Nanaya for this reason. Muati is attested in a poem from the reign of [[Abi-Eshuh]], in which he is implored to mediate with his wife on behalf on this ruler. Additionally, he is mentioned in a single text from [[Isin]], possibly in a document from [[Larsa]], and in a god list counting him among the deities of [[Uruk]].
-'''Muati''' is a local god of obscure origin in the [[Sumerian religion|Sumerian]] pantheon. He is associated in some texts with the mythical island paradise of [[Dilmun]], and becomes [[Syncretism|syncretised]] with [[Nabu]].{{r|"Mitteilungen 1967"}}{{r|"Khalifa Khalifa Rice Bahrain. Wizārat al-Iʻlām 1986"}}{{r|"Potts 1983"}}
+==Character==
+Muati's character is poorly understood, though it is known that he was regarded as the spouse of [[Nanaya]].{{sfn|Beaulieu|2003|p=186}} According to Giole Zisa, it is possible that her nameless partner in love incantations, where they are listed in parallel with couples [[Inanna]] and [[Dumuzi]] and [[Ishara]] and Almānu, might be Muati.{{sfn|Zisa|2021|p=434}} From the reign of [[Marduk-apla-iddina I]] onward, Nanaya could instead be associated with [[Nabu]].{{sfn|Beaulieu|2003|pp=185-186}} Since Nabu and Muati came to be equated at some point, it is possible that the spousal connection with Nanaya was transferred between them.{{sfn|Schmidtchen|2018|p=326}} In the first millennium BCE, Muati was effectively an alternate name of Nabu.{{sfn|Beaulieu|2003|p=186}} Marten Stol treats Muati and Nabu interchangeably in his discussion of deities associated with Nanaya in the [[Old Babylonian period]] already,{{sfn|Stol|1998|p=148}} but Francesco Pomponio{{sfn|Pomponio|1998|p=21}} and [[Wilfred G. Lambert]] stress that they were most likely fully separate at first.{{sfn|Lambert|2013|p=275}}
-== References ==
-{{reflist|refs=
-<ref name="Mitteilungen 1967">{{cite book
-| title = Mitteilungen
-| publisher = Akademie-Verlag.
-| issue = v. 12
-| year = 1967
-| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=iEQqAQAAIAAJ
-| access-date = 27 July 2018
-| pages = 47–48
-}}</ref>
-<ref name="Khalifa Khalifa Rice Bahrain. Wizārat al-Iʻlām 1986">{{cite book
-| last = Khalifa
-| first = S.H.A.A.
-| last2 = Khalifa
-| first2 = H.A.
-| last3 = Rice
-| first3 = M.
-| author4 = Bahrain. Wizārat al-Iʻlām
-| author5 = Bahrain. Wizarat al-Ilam
-| title = Bahrain Through the Ages: The Archaeology
-| publisher = KPI
-| series = Bahrain Through the Ages
-| year = 1986
-| isbn = 978-0-7103-0112-3
-| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=2hmbc9evgB0C&pg=PA347
-| access-date = 27 July 2018
-| page = 347
-}}</ref>
-<ref name="Potts 1983">{{cite book
-| last = Potts
-| first = D.T.
-| title = Dilmun: new studies in the archaeology and early history of Bahrain
-| publisher = D. Reimer Verlag
-| series = Berliner Beitrãge zum Vorderen Orient
-| year = 1983
-| isbn = 978-3-496-00744-9
-| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=O-BtAAAAMAAJ
-| access-date = 27 July 2018
-| page = 68
-}}</ref>
-}}
+The [[lexical lists|god list]] ''An = Anu ša amēli'' refers to Muati as "Nabu of [[Dilmun]]".{{sfn|Al-Nashef|2012|pp=346-347}} Ebbe Egede Knudsen on this basis suggested a connection between him and the personal name of an inhabitant of Dilmun, ''me-a-ti-a-nu-um''.{{sfn|Knudsen|1982|p=17}} However, {{ill|Khaled Al-Nashef|de|Khaled Nashef}} concluded that the god list entry linking Muati with Dilmun is most likely an ancient error, and points out the existence of multiple other lists designating the Dilmunite deity [[Inzak|Enzag]] as the "Nabu of Dilmun".{{sfn|Al-Nashef|2012|p=347}} He also stated that due to lack of evidence ''me-a-ti-a-nu-um'' cannot be considered an example of a [[theophoric name]] invoking Muati.{{sfn|Al-Nashef|2012|p=352}} Daniel T. Potts also considers the connection to be doubtful.{{sfn|Potts|1983|p=43}}
-[[Category:Mesopotamian gods]]
+==Worship==
+A poem focused on the relationship between Muati and Nanaya known from only one copy implores him to intercede with her on behalf of [[Abi-Eshuh]], the king of [[Babylon]] between 1711 and 1684 BCE.{{sfn|Foster|2005|p=160}} Presumably it was composed during his reign.{{sfn|Zisa|2021|p=139}} According to Aage Westenholz and [[Joan Goodnick Westenholz]], Muati is additionally attested in a single text from [[Old Babylonian Empire|Old Babylonian]] [[Larsa]] which might indicate a statue representing him stood in the local [[É (temple)|temple]] of [[Nanaya]].{{sfn|Westenholz|Westenholz|2006|p=15}} However, [[Dominique Charpin]] has expressed doubts about the restoration of the theonym, and thus about the worship of Muati in Larsa.{{sfn|Charpin|2007|p=165}} A single reference to him has also been identified in a hitherto unpublished text from [[Isin]].{{sfn|Westenholz|Westenholz|2006|p=15}} In a fragmentary Old Babylonian god list (VAT 6563) he appears among deities linked with [[Uruk]] alongside Nanaya.{{sfn|Pomponio|1998|p=21}}
+==References==
+{{reflist}}
+===Bibliography===
+{{refbegin|40em}}
+*{{cite book|last=Al-Nashef|first=Khaled|editor1-last=Al Khalifa|editor1-first=Shaikha Haya Ali|editor2-last=Rice|editor2-first=Michael|title=Bahrain Through The Ages: The Archaeology|chapter=The Deities of Dilmun|publisher=Taylor & Francis|year=2012|orig-year=1986|isbn=978-1-136-14178-2 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7ntEg9pFq6MC&pg=PA343|access-date=2023-10-12}}
+*{{cite book|last=Beaulieu|first=Paul-Alain|title=The Pantheon of Uruk During the Neo-Babylonian period|publisher=Brill STYX|publication-place=Leiden Boston|year=2003|isbn=978-90-04-13024-1|oclc=51944564}}
+*{{cite journal|last=Charpin|first=Dominique|title=Chroniques bibliographiques 10. Économie, société et institutions paléo-babylonienne : nouvelles sources, nouvelles approches|journal=Revue d'assyriologie et d'archéologie orientale|publisher=CAIRN|volume=101|issue=1|year=2007|issn=0373-6032|doi=10.3917/assy.101.0147|pages=147-182|language=fr}}
+*{{cite book|last=Foster|first=Benjamin R.|title=Before the Muses: an Anthology of Akkadian Literature|publisher=CDL Press|publication-place=Bethesda, Md.|date=2005|isbn=1-883053-76-5|oclc=57123664}}
+*{{cite journal|last=Knudsen|first=Ebbe Egede|title=An Analysis of Amorite: A Review Article|journal=Journal of Cuneiform Studies|publisher=University of Chicago Press|volume=34|issue=1-2|year=1982|issn=0022-0256|doi=10.2307/1359989|pages=1–18}}
+*{{cite book|last=Lambert|first=Wilfred G.|title=Babylonian Creation Myths|publisher=Eisenbrauns|publication-place=Winona Lake, Indiana|year=2013|isbn=978-1-57506-861-9|oclc=861537250}}
+*{{citation|last=Pomponio|first=Francesco|entry=Nabû A. Philological|encyclopedia=Reallexikon der Assyriologie|year=1998|entry-url=http://publikationen.badw.de/en/rla/index#8125|access-date=2023-10-12}}
+*{{cite book|last=Potts|first=Daniel T.|title=Dilmun: new studies in the archaeology and early history of Bahrain|publisher=D. Reimer Verlag|series=Berliner Beiträge zum Vorderen Orient|year=1983|isbn=978-3-496-00744-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O-BtAAAAMAAJ|access-date=2023-10-12}}
+*{{cite book|last=Schmidtchen|first=Eric|title=Assyrian and Babylonian Scholarly Text Catalogues|chapter=The Edition of Esagil-kīn-apli’s Catalogue of the Series Sakikkû (SA.GIG) and Alamdimmû|pages=313–334|publisher=De Gruyter|date=2018|isbn=978-1-5015-0491-4|doi=10.1515/9781501504914-011}}
+*{{citation|last=Stol|first=Marten|entry=Nanaja|encyclopedia=Reallexikon der Assyriologie|year=1998|entry-url=http://publikationen.badw.de/en/rla/index#8251|language=de|access-date=2023-10-12}}
+*{{cite book|last1=Westenholz|first1=Joan Goodnick|last2=Westenholz|first2=Aage|title=Cuneiform inscriptions in the collection of the Bible Lands Museum Jerusalem: the old Babylonian inscriptions|publisher=Brill|publication-place=Leiden|year=2006|isbn=978-90-474-0838-3|oclc=320326253}}
+*{{cite book|last=Zisa|first=Gioele|title=The Loss of Male Sexual Desire in Ancient Mesopotamia|publisher=De Gruyter|date=2021|isbn=978-3-11-075726-2|doi=10.1515/9783110757262|s2cid=243923454}}
+{{refend}}
-{{MEast-myth-stub}}
+[[Category:Mesopotamian gods]]
' |
New page size (new_size) | 6855 |
Old page size (old_size) | 1849 |
Size change in edit (edit_delta) | 5006 |
Lines added in edit (added_lines) | [
0 => '{{Short description|Mesopotamian god}}',
1 => '{{Infobox deity',
2 => '| type = Mesopotamian',
3 => '| name = Muati',
4 => '| spouse = [[Nanaya]]',
5 => ''''Muati''' was a Mesopotamian god. His character is poorly known. He was regarded as the spouse of [[Nanaya]] in [[Old Babylonian Empire|Old Babylonian]] sources. He was later [[syncretised]] with [[Nabu]], who likely came to be associated with Nanaya for this reason. Muati is attested in a poem from the reign of [[Abi-Eshuh]], in which he is implored to mediate with his wife on behalf on this ruler. Additionally, he is mentioned in a single text from [[Isin]], possibly in a document from [[Larsa]], and in a god list counting him among the deities of [[Uruk]].',
6 => '==Character==',
7 => 'Muati's character is poorly understood, though it is known that he was regarded as the spouse of [[Nanaya]].{{sfn|Beaulieu|2003|p=186}} According to Giole Zisa, it is possible that her nameless partner in love incantations, where they are listed in parallel with couples [[Inanna]] and [[Dumuzi]] and [[Ishara]] and Almānu, might be Muati.{{sfn|Zisa|2021|p=434}} From the reign of [[Marduk-apla-iddina I]] onward, Nanaya could instead be associated with [[Nabu]].{{sfn|Beaulieu|2003|pp=185-186}} Since Nabu and Muati came to be equated at some point, it is possible that the spousal connection with Nanaya was transferred between them.{{sfn|Schmidtchen|2018|p=326}} In the first millennium BCE, Muati was effectively an alternate name of Nabu.{{sfn|Beaulieu|2003|p=186}} Marten Stol treats Muati and Nabu interchangeably in his discussion of deities associated with Nanaya in the [[Old Babylonian period]] already,{{sfn|Stol|1998|p=148}} but Francesco Pomponio{{sfn|Pomponio|1998|p=21}} and [[Wilfred G. Lambert]] stress that they were most likely fully separate at first.{{sfn|Lambert|2013|p=275}} ',
8 => 'The [[lexical lists|god list]] ''An = Anu ša amēli'' refers to Muati as "Nabu of [[Dilmun]]".{{sfn|Al-Nashef|2012|pp=346-347}} Ebbe Egede Knudsen on this basis suggested a connection between him and the personal name of an inhabitant of Dilmun, ''me-a-ti-a-nu-um''.{{sfn|Knudsen|1982|p=17}} However, {{ill|Khaled Al-Nashef|de|Khaled Nashef}} concluded that the god list entry linking Muati with Dilmun is most likely an ancient error, and points out the existence of multiple other lists designating the Dilmunite deity [[Inzak|Enzag]] as the "Nabu of Dilmun".{{sfn|Al-Nashef|2012|p=347}} He also stated that due to lack of evidence ''me-a-ti-a-nu-um'' cannot be considered an example of a [[theophoric name]] invoking Muati.{{sfn|Al-Nashef|2012|p=352}} Daniel T. Potts also considers the connection to be doubtful.{{sfn|Potts|1983|p=43}}',
9 => '==Worship==',
10 => 'A poem focused on the relationship between Muati and Nanaya known from only one copy implores him to intercede with her on behalf of [[Abi-Eshuh]], the king of [[Babylon]] between 1711 and 1684 BCE.{{sfn|Foster|2005|p=160}} Presumably it was composed during his reign.{{sfn|Zisa|2021|p=139}} According to Aage Westenholz and [[Joan Goodnick Westenholz]], Muati is additionally attested in a single text from [[Old Babylonian Empire|Old Babylonian]] [[Larsa]] which might indicate a statue representing him stood in the local [[É (temple)|temple]] of [[Nanaya]].{{sfn|Westenholz|Westenholz|2006|p=15}} However, [[Dominique Charpin]] has expressed doubts about the restoration of the theonym, and thus about the worship of Muati in Larsa.{{sfn|Charpin|2007|p=165}} A single reference to him has also been identified in a hitherto unpublished text from [[Isin]].{{sfn|Westenholz|Westenholz|2006|p=15}} In a fragmentary Old Babylonian god list (VAT 6563) he appears among deities linked with [[Uruk]] alongside Nanaya.{{sfn|Pomponio|1998|p=21}}',
11 => '==References==',
12 => '{{reflist}}',
13 => '===Bibliography===',
14 => '{{refbegin|40em}}',
15 => '*{{cite book|last=Al-Nashef|first=Khaled|editor1-last=Al Khalifa|editor1-first=Shaikha Haya Ali|editor2-last=Rice|editor2-first=Michael|title=Bahrain Through The Ages: The Archaeology|chapter=The Deities of Dilmun|publisher=Taylor & Francis|year=2012|orig-year=1986|isbn=978-1-136-14178-2 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7ntEg9pFq6MC&pg=PA343|access-date=2023-10-12}}',
16 => '*{{cite book|last=Beaulieu|first=Paul-Alain|title=The Pantheon of Uruk During the Neo-Babylonian period|publisher=Brill STYX|publication-place=Leiden Boston|year=2003|isbn=978-90-04-13024-1|oclc=51944564}}',
17 => '*{{cite journal|last=Charpin|first=Dominique|title=Chroniques bibliographiques 10. Économie, société et institutions paléo-babylonienne : nouvelles sources, nouvelles approches|journal=Revue d'assyriologie et d'archéologie orientale|publisher=CAIRN|volume=101|issue=1|year=2007|issn=0373-6032|doi=10.3917/assy.101.0147|pages=147-182|language=fr}}',
18 => '*{{cite book|last=Foster|first=Benjamin R.|title=Before the Muses: an Anthology of Akkadian Literature|publisher=CDL Press|publication-place=Bethesda, Md.|date=2005|isbn=1-883053-76-5|oclc=57123664}}',
19 => '*{{cite journal|last=Knudsen|first=Ebbe Egede|title=An Analysis of Amorite: A Review Article|journal=Journal of Cuneiform Studies|publisher=University of Chicago Press|volume=34|issue=1-2|year=1982|issn=0022-0256|doi=10.2307/1359989|pages=1–18}}',
20 => '*{{cite book|last=Lambert|first=Wilfred G.|title=Babylonian Creation Myths|publisher=Eisenbrauns|publication-place=Winona Lake, Indiana|year=2013|isbn=978-1-57506-861-9|oclc=861537250}}',
21 => '*{{citation|last=Pomponio|first=Francesco|entry=Nabû A. Philological|encyclopedia=Reallexikon der Assyriologie|year=1998|entry-url=http://publikationen.badw.de/en/rla/index#8125|access-date=2023-10-12}}',
22 => '*{{cite book|last=Potts|first=Daniel T.|title=Dilmun: new studies in the archaeology and early history of Bahrain|publisher=D. Reimer Verlag|series=Berliner Beiträge zum Vorderen Orient|year=1983|isbn=978-3-496-00744-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O-BtAAAAMAAJ|access-date=2023-10-12}}',
23 => '*{{cite book|last=Schmidtchen|first=Eric|title=Assyrian and Babylonian Scholarly Text Catalogues|chapter=The Edition of Esagil-kīn-apli’s Catalogue of the Series Sakikkû (SA.GIG) and Alamdimmû|pages=313–334|publisher=De Gruyter|date=2018|isbn=978-1-5015-0491-4|doi=10.1515/9781501504914-011}}',
24 => '*{{citation|last=Stol|first=Marten|entry=Nanaja|encyclopedia=Reallexikon der Assyriologie|year=1998|entry-url=http://publikationen.badw.de/en/rla/index#8251|language=de|access-date=2023-10-12}}',
25 => '*{{cite book|last1=Westenholz|first1=Joan Goodnick|last2=Westenholz|first2=Aage|title=Cuneiform inscriptions in the collection of the Bible Lands Museum Jerusalem: the old Babylonian inscriptions|publisher=Brill|publication-place=Leiden|year=2006|isbn=978-90-474-0838-3|oclc=320326253}}',
26 => '*{{cite book|last=Zisa|first=Gioele|title=The Loss of Male Sexual Desire in Ancient Mesopotamia|publisher=De Gruyter|date=2021|isbn=978-3-11-075726-2|doi=10.1515/9783110757262|s2cid=243923454}}',
27 => '{{refend}}',
28 => '[[Category:Mesopotamian gods]]'
] |
Lines removed in edit (removed_lines) | [
0 => '{{Short description|Sumerian local god}}',
1 => '{{Multiple issues|',
2 => '{{Orphan|date=September 2023}}',
3 => '{{Notability|date=June 2015}}',
4 => ''''Muati''' is a local god of obscure origin in the [[Sumerian religion|Sumerian]] pantheon. He is associated in some texts with the mythical island paradise of [[Dilmun]], and becomes [[Syncretism|syncretised]] with [[Nabu]].{{r|"Mitteilungen 1967"}}{{r|"Khalifa Khalifa Rice Bahrain. Wizārat al-Iʻlām 1986"}}{{r|"Potts 1983"}}',
5 => '== References ==',
6 => '{{reflist|refs=',
7 => '<ref name="Mitteilungen 1967">{{cite book',
8 => '| title = Mitteilungen',
9 => '| publisher = Akademie-Verlag.',
10 => '| issue = v. 12',
11 => '| year = 1967',
12 => '| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=iEQqAQAAIAAJ',
13 => '| access-date = 27 July 2018',
14 => '| pages = 47–48',
15 => '}}</ref>',
16 => '<ref name="Khalifa Khalifa Rice Bahrain. Wizārat al-Iʻlām 1986">{{cite book',
17 => '| last = Khalifa',
18 => '| first = S.H.A.A.',
19 => '| last2 = Khalifa',
20 => '| first2 = H.A.',
21 => '| last3 = Rice',
22 => '| first3 = M.',
23 => '| author4 = Bahrain. Wizārat al-Iʻlām',
24 => '| author5 = Bahrain. Wizarat al-Ilam',
25 => '| title = Bahrain Through the Ages: The Archaeology',
26 => '| publisher = KPI',
27 => '| series = Bahrain Through the Ages',
28 => '| year = 1986',
29 => '| isbn = 978-0-7103-0112-3',
30 => '| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=2hmbc9evgB0C&pg=PA347',
31 => '| access-date = 27 July 2018',
32 => '| page = 347',
33 => '}}</ref>',
34 => '<ref name="Potts 1983">{{cite book',
35 => '| last = Potts',
36 => '| first = D.T.',
37 => '| title = Dilmun: new studies in the archaeology and early history of Bahrain',
38 => '| publisher = D. Reimer Verlag',
39 => '| series = Berliner Beitrãge zum Vorderen Orient',
40 => '| year = 1983',
41 => '| isbn = 978-3-496-00744-9',
42 => '| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=O-BtAAAAMAAJ',
43 => '| access-date = 27 July 2018',
44 => '| page = 68',
45 => '}}</ref>',
46 => '}}',
47 => '[[Category:Mesopotamian gods]]',
48 => '{{MEast-myth-stub}}'
] |
Parsed HTML source of the new revision (new_html) | '<div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Mesopotamian god</div>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066479718">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #228B22; color: #FFFFFF;">Muati</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #228B22; color: #FFFFFF;">Personal information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nanaya" title="Nanaya">Nanaya</a></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><b>Muati</b> was a Mesopotamian god. His character is poorly known. He was regarded as the spouse of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nanaya" title="Nanaya">Nanaya</a> in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Old_Babylonian_Empire" title="Old Babylonian Empire">Old Babylonian</a> sources. He was later <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Syncretised" class="mw-redirect" title="Syncretised">syncretised</a> with <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nabu" title="Nabu">Nabu</a>, who likely came to be associated with Nanaya for this reason. Muati is attested in a poem from the reign of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Abi-Eshuh" title="Abi-Eshuh">Abi-Eshuh</a>, in which he is implored to mediate with his wife on behalf on this ruler. Additionally, he is mentioned in a single text from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Isin" title="Isin">Isin</a>, possibly in a document from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Larsa" title="Larsa">Larsa</a>, and in a god list counting him among the deities of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Uruk" title="Uruk">Uruk</a>.
</p>
<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Character"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Character</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Worship"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Worship</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Bibliography"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Bibliography</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Character">Character</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Muati&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Character">edit source</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>Muati's character is poorly understood, though it is known that he was regarded as the spouse of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nanaya" title="Nanaya">Nanaya</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeaulieu2003186_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeaulieu2003186-1">[1]</a></sup> According to Giole Zisa, it is possible that her nameless partner in love incantations, where they are listed in parallel with couples <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Inanna" title="Inanna">Inanna</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dumuzi" class="mw-redirect" title="Dumuzi">Dumuzi</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ishara" title="Ishara">Ishara</a> and Almānu, might be Muati.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZisa2021434_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZisa2021434-2">[2]</a></sup> From the reign of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marduk-apla-iddina_I" title="Marduk-apla-iddina I">Marduk-apla-iddina I</a> onward, Nanaya could instead be associated with <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nabu" title="Nabu">Nabu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeaulieu2003185–186_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeaulieu2003185–186-3">[3]</a></sup> Since Nabu and Muati came to be equated at some point, it is possible that the spousal connection with Nanaya was transferred between them.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchmidtchen2018326_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchmidtchen2018326-4">[4]</a></sup> In the first millennium BCE, Muati was effectively an alternate name of Nabu.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeaulieu2003186_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeaulieu2003186-1">[1]</a></sup> Marten Stol treats Muati and Nabu interchangeably in his discussion of deities associated with Nanaya in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Old_Babylonian_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Babylonian period">Old Babylonian period</a> already,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStol1998148_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStol1998148-5">[5]</a></sup> but Francesco Pomponio<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPomponio199821_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPomponio199821-6">[6]</a></sup> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wilfred_G._Lambert" title="Wilfred G. Lambert">Wilfred G. Lambert</a> stress that they were most likely fully separate at first.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELambert2013275_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELambert2013275-7">[7]</a></sup>
</p><p>The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lexical_lists" title="Lexical lists">god list</a> <i>An = Anu ša amēli</i> refers to Muati as "Nabu of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dilmun" title="Dilmun">Dilmun</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAl-Nashef2012346–347_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl-Nashef2012346–347-8">[8]</a></sup> Ebbe Egede Knudsen on this basis suggested a connection between him and the personal name of an inhabitant of Dilmun, <i>me-a-ti-a-nu-um</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKnudsen198217_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnudsen198217-9">[9]</a></sup> However, <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Khaled_Al-Nashef&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khaled Al-Nashef (page does not exist)">Khaled Al-Nashef</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khaled_Nashef" class="extiw" title="de:Khaled Nashef">de</a>]</span> concluded that the god list entry linking Muati with Dilmun is most likely an ancient error, and points out the existence of multiple other lists designating the Dilmunite deity <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Inzak" title="Inzak">Enzag</a> as the "Nabu of Dilmun".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAl-Nashef2012347_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl-Nashef2012347-10">[10]</a></sup> He also stated that due to lack of evidence <i>me-a-ti-a-nu-um</i> cannot be considered an example of a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Theophoric_name" title="Theophoric name">theophoric name</a> invoking Muati.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAl-Nashef2012352_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl-Nashef2012352-11">[11]</a></sup> Daniel T. Potts also considers the connection to be doubtful.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPotts198343_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPotts198343-12">[12]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Worship">Worship</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Muati&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Worship">edit source</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>A poem focused on the relationship between Muati and Nanaya known from only one copy implores him to intercede with her on behalf of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Abi-Eshuh" title="Abi-Eshuh">Abi-Eshuh</a>, the king of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Babylon" title="Babylon">Babylon</a> between 1711 and 1684 BCE.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFoster2005160_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFoster2005160-13">[13]</a></sup> Presumably it was composed during his reign.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZisa2021139_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZisa2021139-14">[14]</a></sup> According to Aage Westenholz and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joan_Goodnick_Westenholz" title="Joan Goodnick Westenholz">Joan Goodnick Westenholz</a>, Muati is additionally attested in a single text from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Old_Babylonian_Empire" title="Old Babylonian Empire">Old Babylonian</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Larsa" title="Larsa">Larsa</a> which might indicate a statue representing him stood in the local <a href="/enwiki/wiki/%C3%89_(temple)" title="É (temple)">temple</a> of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nanaya" title="Nanaya">Nanaya</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWestenholzWestenholz200615_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWestenholzWestenholz200615-15">[15]</a></sup> However, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dominique_Charpin" title="Dominique Charpin">Dominique Charpin</a> has expressed doubts about the restoration of the theonym, and thus about the worship of Muati in Larsa.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECharpin2007165_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECharpin2007165-16">[16]</a></sup> A single reference to him has also been identified in a hitherto unpublished text from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Isin" title="Isin">Isin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWestenholzWestenholz200615_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWestenholzWestenholz200615-15">[15]</a></sup> In a fragmentary Old Babylonian god list (VAT 6563) he appears among deities linked with <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Uruk" title="Uruk">Uruk</a> alongside Nanaya.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPomponio199821_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPomponio199821-6">[6]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Muati&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: References">edit source</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
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<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeaulieu2003186-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeaulieu2003186_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeaulieu2003186_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBeaulieu2003">Beaulieu 2003</a>, p. 186.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZisa2021434-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZisa2021434_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFZisa2021">Zisa 2021</a>, p. 434.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeaulieu2003185–186-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeaulieu2003185–186_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBeaulieu2003">Beaulieu 2003</a>, pp. 185–186.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchmidtchen2018326-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchmidtchen2018326_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSchmidtchen2018">Schmidtchen 2018</a>, p. 326.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStol1998148-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStol1998148_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStol1998">Stol 1998</a>, p. 148.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPomponio199821-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPomponio199821_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPomponio199821_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPomponio1998">Pomponio 1998</a>, p. 21.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELambert2013275-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELambert2013275_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLambert2013">Lambert 2013</a>, p. 275.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl-Nashef2012346–347-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAl-Nashef2012346–347_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAl-Nashef2012">Al-Nashef 2012</a>, pp. 346–347.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnudsen198217-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKnudsen198217_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKnudsen1982">Knudsen 1982</a>, p. 17.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl-Nashef2012347-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAl-Nashef2012347_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAl-Nashef2012">Al-Nashef 2012</a>, p. 347.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAl-Nashef2012352-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAl-Nashef2012352_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAl-Nashef2012">Al-Nashef 2012</a>, p. 352.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPotts198343-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPotts198343_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPotts1983">Potts 1983</a>, p. 43.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFoster2005160-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFoster2005160_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFoster2005">Foster 2005</a>, p. 160.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZisa2021139-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZisa2021139_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFZisa2021">Zisa 2021</a>, p. 139.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWestenholzWestenholz200615-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWestenholzWestenholz200615_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWestenholzWestenholz200615_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWestenholzWestenholz2006">Westenholz & Westenholz 2006</a>, p. 15.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECharpin2007165-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECharpin2007165_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCharpin2007">Charpin 2007</a>, p. 165.</span>
</li>
</ol></div></div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Bibliography">Bibliography</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Muati&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliography">edit source</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1054258005">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 40em">
<ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1133582631">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFAl-Nashef2012" class="citation book cs1">Al-Nashef, Khaled (2012) [1986]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7ntEg9pFq6MC&pg=PA343">"The Deities of Dilmun"</a>. In Al Khalifa, Shaikha Haya Ali; Rice, Michael (eds.). <i>Bahrain Through The Ages: The Archaeology</i>. Taylor & Francis. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-136-14178-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-136-14178-2"><bdi>978-1-136-14178-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-10-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Deities+of+Dilmun&rft.btitle=Bahrain+Through+The+Ages%3A+The+Archaeology&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-136-14178-2&rft.aulast=Al-Nashef&rft.aufirst=Khaled&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7ntEg9pFq6MC%26pg%3DPA343&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuati" class="Z3988"></span></li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFBeaulieu2003" class="citation book cs1">Beaulieu, Paul-Alain (2003). <i>The Pantheon of Uruk During the Neo-Babylonian period</i>. Leiden Boston: Brill STYX. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-13024-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-13024-1"><bdi>978-90-04-13024-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/51944564">51944564</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Pantheon+of+Uruk+During+the+Neo-Babylonian+period&rft.place=Leiden+Boston&rft.pub=Brill+STYX&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F51944564&rft.isbn=978-90-04-13024-1&rft.aulast=Beaulieu&rft.aufirst=Paul-Alain&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuati" class="Z3988"></span></li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFCharpin2007" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Charpin, Dominique (2007). "Chroniques bibliographiques 10. Économie, société et institutions paléo-babylonienne : nouvelles sources, nouvelles approches". <i>Revue d'assyriologie et d'archéologie orientale</i> (in French). CAIRN. <b>101</b> (1): 147–182. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3917%2Fassy.101.0147">10.3917/assy.101.0147</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0373-6032">0373-6032</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revue+d%27assyriologie+et+d%27arch%C3%A9ologie+orientale&rft.atitle=Chroniques+bibliographiques+10.+%C3%89conomie%2C+soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9+et+institutions+pal%C3%A9o-babylonienne+%3A+nouvelles+sources%2C+nouvelles+approches&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=147-182&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3917%2Fassy.101.0147&rft.issn=0373-6032&rft.aulast=Charpin&rft.aufirst=Dominique&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuati" class="Z3988"></span></li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFFoster2005" class="citation book cs1">Foster, Benjamin R. (2005). <i>Before the Muses: an Anthology of Akkadian Literature</i>. Bethesda, Md.: CDL Press. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-883053-76-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-883053-76-5"><bdi>1-883053-76-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/57123664">57123664</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Before+the+Muses%3A+an+Anthology+of+Akkadian+Literature&rft.place=Bethesda%2C+Md.&rft.pub=CDL+Press&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F57123664&rft.isbn=1-883053-76-5&rft.aulast=Foster&rft.aufirst=Benjamin+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuati" class="Z3988"></span></li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFKnudsen1982" class="citation journal cs1">Knudsen, Ebbe Egede (1982). "An Analysis of Amorite: A Review Article". <i>Journal of Cuneiform Studies</i>. University of Chicago Press. <b>34</b> (1–2): 1–18. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1359989">10.2307/1359989</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0022-0256">0022-0256</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Cuneiform+Studies&rft.atitle=An+Analysis+of+Amorite%3A+A+Review+Article&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=1%E2%80%932&rft.pages=1-18&rft.date=1982&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1359989&rft.issn=0022-0256&rft.aulast=Knudsen&rft.aufirst=Ebbe+Egede&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuati" class="Z3988"></span></li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFLambert2013" class="citation book cs1">Lambert, Wilfred G. (2013). <i>Babylonian Creation Myths</i>. Winona Lake, Indiana: Eisenbrauns. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57506-861-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57506-861-9"><bdi>978-1-57506-861-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/861537250">861537250</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Babylonian+Creation+Myths&rft.place=Winona+Lake%2C+Indiana&rft.pub=Eisenbrauns&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F861537250&rft.isbn=978-1-57506-861-9&rft.aulast=Lambert&rft.aufirst=Wilfred+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuati" class="Z3988"></span></li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFPomponio1998" class="citation cs2">Pomponio, Francesco (1998), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://publikationen.badw.de/en/rla/index#8125">"Nabû A. Philological"</a>, <i>Reallexikon der Assyriologie</i><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-10-12</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Nab%C3%BB+A.+Philological&rft.btitle=Reallexikon+der+Assyriologie&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Pomponio&rft.aufirst=Francesco&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpublikationen.badw.de%2Fen%2Frla%2Findex%238125&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuati" class="Z3988"></span></li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFPotts1983" class="citation book cs1">Potts, Daniel T. (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=O-BtAAAAMAAJ"><i>Dilmun: new studies in the archaeology and early history of Bahrain</i></a>. Berliner Beiträge zum Vorderen Orient. D. Reimer Verlag. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-496-00744-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-496-00744-9"><bdi>978-3-496-00744-9</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-10-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dilmun%3A+new+studies+in+the+archaeology+and+early+history+of+Bahrain&rft.series=Berliner+Beitr%C3%A4ge+zum+Vorderen+Orient&rft.pub=D.+Reimer+Verlag&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=978-3-496-00744-9&rft.aulast=Potts&rft.aufirst=Daniel+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DO-BtAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuati" class="Z3988"></span></li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFSchmidtchen2018" class="citation book cs1">Schmidtchen, Eric (2018). "The Edition of Esagil-kīn-apli's Catalogue of the Series Sakikkû (SA.GIG) and Alamdimmû". <i>Assyrian and Babylonian Scholarly Text Catalogues</i>. De Gruyter. pp. 313–334. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2F9781501504914-011">10.1515/9781501504914-011</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5015-0491-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5015-0491-4"><bdi>978-1-5015-0491-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Edition+of+Esagil-k%C4%ABn-apli%E2%80%99s+Catalogue+of+the+Series+Sakikk%C3%BB+%28SA.GIG%29+and+Alamdimm%C3%BB&rft.btitle=Assyrian+and+Babylonian+Scholarly+Text+Catalogues&rft.pages=313-334&rft.pub=De+Gruyter&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2F9781501504914-011&rft.isbn=978-1-5015-0491-4&rft.aulast=Schmidtchen&rft.aufirst=Eric&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuati" class="Z3988"></span></li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFStol1998" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Stol, Marten (1998), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://publikationen.badw.de/en/rla/index#8251">"Nanaja"</a>, <i>Reallexikon der Assyriologie</i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-10-12</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Nanaja&rft.btitle=Reallexikon+der+Assyriologie&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Stol&rft.aufirst=Marten&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpublikationen.badw.de%2Fen%2Frla%2Findex%238251&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuati" class="Z3988"></span></li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFWestenholzWestenholz2006" class="citation book cs1">Westenholz, Joan Goodnick; Westenholz, Aage (2006). <i>Cuneiform inscriptions in the collection of the Bible Lands Museum Jerusalem: the old Babylonian inscriptions</i>. Leiden: Brill. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-474-0838-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-474-0838-3"><bdi>978-90-474-0838-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/320326253">320326253</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cuneiform+inscriptions+in+the+collection+of+the+Bible+Lands+Museum+Jerusalem%3A+the+old+Babylonian+inscriptions&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F320326253&rft.isbn=978-90-474-0838-3&rft.aulast=Westenholz&rft.aufirst=Joan+Goodnick&rft.au=Westenholz%2C+Aage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuati" class="Z3988"></span></li>
<li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFZisa2021" class="citation book cs1">Zisa, Gioele (2021). <i>The Loss of Male Sexual Desire in Ancient Mesopotamia</i>. De Gruyter. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2F9783110757262">10.1515/9783110757262</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-11-075726-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-11-075726-2"><bdi>978-3-11-075726-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:243923454">243923454</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Loss+of+Male+Sexual+Desire+in+Ancient+Mesopotamia&rft.pub=De+Gruyter&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A243923454%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2F9783110757262&rft.isbn=978-3-11-075726-2&rft.aulast=Zisa&rft.aufirst=Gioele&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMuati" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul>
</div></div>' |
Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node) | false |
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp) | '1697141022' |
