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Old page wikitext, before the edit (old_wikitext) | '{{Short description|Upland area of the Pennines in Northern England}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2012}}
[[File:2015 Swaledale from Kisdon Hill.jpg|thumb|[[Swaledale]]|upright=1.4]]
The '''Yorkshire Dales''' are an upland area of the [[Pennines]] in England. Most of the area is in the [[Ceremonial counties of England|county]] of [[North Yorkshire]], but it extends into [[Cumbria]] and a small part of [[Lancashire]]. It was [[Historic counties of England|historically]] entirely within [[Yorkshire]]. The majority of the Dales are part of the [[Yorkshire Dales National Park]], created in 1954.<ref>{{cite web |title=Yorkshire Dales Area |url=http://www.yorkshire.com/places/yorkshire-dales |access-date=25 April 2013 |website=Yorkshire.com}}</ref> The exception is the area around [[Nidderdale]], which forms the separate [[Nidderdale AONB|Nidderdale]] [[Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty]].
The landscape of the Dales consists of sheltered [[glacial valley]]s separated by exposed [[moorland]].<ref name=":0">{{cite web |last=England |first=Natural |title=National Character Area Profile: 21. Yorkshire Dales – NE399 |url=https://publications.naturalengland.org.uk/publication/4674002 |access-date=13 October 2023 |website=Natural England |pages=3, 9 }}</ref> The predominant rock is [[Carboniferous Limestone]], which is particularly visible in the south-west in features such as [[Malham Cove]]. It is overlain in many areas by the [[Yoredale Series]] of alternating weak shales and hard limestones and sandstones, which give the valleys their characteristic 'stepped' appearance.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://www.yorkshiredales.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2021/02/YDNP-LCA-Overview-Report-lo-res-2.pdf |title=Landscape Character Assessment |publisher=Yorkshire Dales National Park Authority |year=2020 |pages=6–7}}</ref> Most of the Dales contain rivers, and the area contains seven primary [[Drainage basin|catchments]]: the [[River Swale|Swale]], [[River Ure|Ure]], [[River Wharfe|Wharfe]], [[River Aire|Aire]], [[River Nidd|Nidd]], [[River Ribble|Ribble]], and [[River Lune|Lune]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Rivers and streams |url=https://www.yorkshiredales.org.uk/about/wildlife/habitats/freshwater/rivers-and-streams/ |access-date=12 October 2023 |website=Yorkshire Dales National Park }}</ref> There are several notable [[cave]] systems in the area, including the longest system in the United Kingdom, the [[Three Counties System|Three Counties]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Caving |url=https://www.yorkshiredales.org.uk/things-to-do/get-outdoors/adventure-activities/caving/ |access-date=13 October 2023 |website=Yorkshire Dales National Park }}</ref>
Agriculture and other land management has significantly affected the appearance of the Dales, through the creation of pastures and meadows for livestock grazing and moorland for [[red grouse]] shooting. [[Dry stone]] walls and [[field barn]]s are characteristic of the lower valleys, particularly [[Wensleydale]] and [[Swaledale]] in the north.<ref name=":0" /> [[Wensleydale cheese]] is a particularly famous product from the region.<ref name=":0" /> The Dales are popular for hiking, and are crossed by the [[Dales Way]], [[Pennine Way]], and [[Coast to Coast Walk|Coast to Coast]] [[Long distance footpath|long-distance footpaths]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Walking |url=https://www.yorkshiredales.org.uk/things-to-do/get-outdoors/walking/ |access-date=13 October 2023 |website=Yorkshire Dales National Park }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Long distance routes |url=https://www.yorkshiredales.org.uk/things-to-do/get-outdoors/walking/long-distance/ |access-date=13 October 2023 |website=Yorkshire Dales National Park }}</ref> The [[Yorkshire Three Peaks]] is a walking trail entirely within the area which takes in its three highest mountains: [[Ingleborough]] ({{convert|723|m|ft|abbr=on}}), [[Whernside]] ({{convert|736|m|ft|abbr=on}}), and [[Pen-y-ghent]] ({{convert|694|m|ft|abbr=on}}).<ref>{{cite web |title=Yorkshire Three Peaks Challenge |url=https://www.threepeakschallenge.uk/yorkshire-three-peaks-challenge/ |access-date=13 October 2023 |website=Yorkshire Three Peaks Challenge}}</ref> The extensive cave systems are a major area for caving in the UK.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.yorkshiredales.org.uk/visit-the-dales/get-outdoors-dales/adventure-activities/caving|date=1 March 2016 |publisher=Yorkshire Dales |title=Get Outdoors|access-date=12 January 2019 |quote=There are over 2500 known caves in the Dales including the longest system in Britain}}</ref>
==Etymology==
The word ''[[Dale (landform)|dale]]'', like ''dell'', is derived from the Old English word ''dæl''. It has cognates in the [[North Germanic languages|Nordic]]/[[Germanic languages|Germanic]] words for valley (''dal'', ''tal''), and occurs in valley names across Yorkshire and Northern England.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Ekwall|first1=Eilert|title=The concise Oxford dictionary of English place-names|date=1960|publisher=Clarendon Press|location=Oxford|isbn=0-19-869103-3|page=138|edition=4}}</ref> Usage here may have been reinforced by Nordic languages during the time of the [[Danelaw]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Booth|first1=Michael|title=The Almost Nearly Perfect People|date=2015|publisher=Vintage Books|location=London|isbn=9780099546078|page=9|edition=1|chapter=Introduction}}</ref>
Most of the dales are named after their river or stream (e.g., [[Arkengarthdale]], formed by [[Arkle Beck]]). The best-known exception is [[Wensleydale]], which is named after the small village and former market town of [[Wensley, North Yorkshire|Wensley]], rather than the [[River Ure]], although an older name for the dale is Yoredale.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Rhea|first1=Nicholas|title=Why call it Wensleydale?|url=http://www.darlingtonandstocktontimes.co.uk/weekend/countrymansdiary/8620446.Why_call_it_Wensleydale_/|access-date=10 April 2018|work=Darlington and Stockton Times|date=5 November 2010}}</ref> River valleys all over [[Yorkshire]] are called "(name of river)+[[Valley|dale]]"—but only the more northern valleys (and only the upper, rural, reaches) are included in the term "The Dales".<ref>{{cite web|title=Yorkshire Dales guide – where, how and what|url=http://www.yorkshiredales.net/guide/|website=yorkshiredales.net|access-date=10 April 2018}}</ref>
==Geography==
{{See also|List of Yorkshire Dales}}
The Yorkshire Dales are surrounded by the [[North Pennines]] and [[Orton Fells]] in the north, the Vales of [[Vale of York|York]] and [[Vale of Mowbray|Mowbray]] in the east, the [[South Pennines]] in the south, and the [[Lake District]] and [[Howgill Fells]] to the west. They spread to the north from the market and [[spa town]]s of [[Settle, North Yorkshire|Settle]], [[Skipton]], and [[Harrogate]] in North Yorkshire, to the southern boundary in [[Wharfedale]] and [[Airedale]]. [[Natural England]] define the area as most of the [[Yorkshire Dales National Park]] with fringes of the [[Nidderdale AONB]], but without the towns listed above apart from Settle.{{sfn|NE 21|2013|p=3}}
The lower reaches of Airedale and Wharfedale are not usually included in the area, and [[Calderdale]], south of [[Airedale]] and in the South Pennines, is not often considered part of the Dales (even though it is a dale, is in Yorkshire, and its upper reaches are as scenic and rural as many further north).<ref>{{cite web|title=The Dales – Yorkshire Dales|url=http://www.yorkshiredales.co.uk/the-dales/|website=yorkshiredales.co.uk|access-date=10 April 2018}}</ref> Additionally, although the National Park includes the Howgill Fells and Orton Fells,<ref>{{cite web |last=Pidd |first=Helen |date=1 August 2016 |title=Yorkshire Dales expand into Lancashire in national parks land grab |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/aug/01/yorkshire-dales-expand-lancashire-national-parks-extension-leck-fell |access-date=20 January 2019 |work=The Guardian}}</ref> they are not usually considered part of the Dales.
[[File:Yorkshire Dales (near Malham).jpg|thumb|A view near [[Malham]], on the [[Pennine Bridleway]]]]
Most of the larger southern dales – Ribblesdale, Malhamdale and Airedale, Wharfedale and Nidderdale – run roughly parallel from north to south. The more northerly dales – Wensleydale and [[Swaledale]] – run generally from west to east.{{sfn|NE 21|2013|p=25}} There are many other smaller or lesser-known dales such as [[Arkengarthdale]], [[Bishopdale, North Yorkshire|Bishopdale]], Clapdale, [[Coverdale (dale)|Coverdale]], [[Kingsdale]], [[Littondale]], [[Langstrothdale]], [[Raydale]] [[Waldendale]] and the [[Washburn Valley]] whose tributary streams and rivers feed into the larger valleys, and [[Barbondale]], [[Dentdale]], [[Deepdale]] and [[Garsdale]] which feed west to the [[River Lune]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Chrystal|first1=Paul|title=The Place Names of Yorkshire; Cities, Towns, Villages, Rivers and Dales, some Pubs too, in Praise of Yorkshire Ales|date=2017|publisher=Stenlake|location=Catrine|isbn=9781840337532|pages=102–104|edition=1}}</ref>
The characteristic scenery of the Dales is green upland pastures separated by [[dry-stone wall]]s and grazed by sheep and cattle.<ref>{{cite web|title=Managing the environment {{!}} Conflicts of land use {{!}} Limestone landscapes {{!}} Geology of Britain {{!}} British Geological Survey (BGS)|url=http://www.bgs.ac.uk/discoveringGeology/geologyOfBritain/limestoneLandscapes/resourcesConflictsSustainability/managingEnvironment.html|website=bgs.ac.uk|access-date=10 April 2018}}</ref> A survey carried out in 1988 estimated that there were just over {{convert|8000|km|order=flip|0}} of dry-stone walling in the Yorkshire Dales.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Lloyd |first1=Chris |title=A dale, from wall to hall |work=Darlington & Stockton Times |issue=49–2018 |date=7 December 2018 |page=35|issn=2516-5348}}</ref> Many upland areas consist of heather moorland, used for [[driven grouse shooting|grouse shooting]] from 12 August (the [[Glorious Twelfth]]).<ref>{{cite news|title=Warning volleys fired as war of words erupts over grouse shoot|url=https://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/environment/warning-volleys-fired-as-war-of-words-erupts-over-grouse-shoot-1-8699083|access-date=10 April 2018|work=The Yorkshire Post|date=12 August 2017}}</ref>
==Cultural aspects==
[[File:Typical yorkshire village B 9079.jpg|thumb|right|A typical village (Gunnerside) in the Swaledale agricultural area of the Yorkshire Dales]]
[[File:Field barn muker 9118.jpg|thumb|Tourists approaching a field barn in [[Muker]]]]
Much of the rural area is used for agriculture, with residents living in small villages and hamlets or in farmsteads. Miles of dry-stone walls and much of the traditional architecture have remained,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.yorkshirenet.co.uk/yorkshire-dales/landscape/|title=Yorkshire Dales, Northern England – landscape and history|work=Yorkshire Net|access-date=14 July 2018}}</ref> including some field barns, though many are no longer in active use. Breeding of sheep and rearing of cattle remain common.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.yorkshiredalesmanagementplan.org.uk/about-the-yorkshire-dales-national-park/special-qualities-of-the-yorkshire-dales-national-park|title=Yorkshire Dales National Park – Special qualities of the Yorkshire Dales National Park|publisher=Yorkshire Dales National Park Authority |access-date=14 July 2018}}</ref> To supplement their incomes, many farmers have diversified, with some providing accommodations for tourists.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/education/clips/zhpd7ty|title=Higher Geography – Yorkshire Dales – agriculture|publisher=BBC Bitesize|access-date=14 July 2018}}</ref> A number of agricultural shows are held each year.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.yorkshirenet.co.uk/yorkshire-attractions/agricultural-shows/|title=Yorkshire Agricultural Shows Guide|work=Yorkshire Net|access-date=14 July 2018}}</ref>
Lead mining was common in some areas of the Dales in the 19th century, particularly during 1821 to 1861, and some industrial remains can still be found, such as the Grassington miners' cottages.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2010/aug/04/yorkshire-dales-mine-site-preserved|title=Historic Yorkshire Dales lead mine site to be preserved|first=Martin|last=Wainwright|date=4 August 2010|work=The Guardian|access-date=14 July 2018}}</ref> Certain former mining sites are maintained by [[Historic England]]. The Grassington Moor Lead Mining Trail, with its many remaining structures,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thedevonshiregrassington.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/tt_grassington_walk_2018.pdf|work=Wharfedale wander|title=A walk from The Devonshire, Grassington|access-date=14 July 2018}}</ref> has received funding from a variety of sources. The Yorkshire Dales National Park Authority provides a mobile-device software app for those who wish to explore the relevant areas.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.yorkshiredales.org.uk/living-and-working/other-services/press-office/news/recent/new-app-helps-lead-mining-come-to-life-in-national-park|title=New app helps lead mining come to life in National Park|publisher=Yorkshire Dales National Park Authority |access-date=14 July 2018}}</ref>
==Tourism==
In this primarily agricultural area, tourism has become an important contributor to the economy.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.yorkshiredales.org.uk/looking-after/achievingourvision/economy|title=Economy|publisher=Yorkshire Dales National Park Authority |access-date=14 July 2018}}</ref> In 2016, there were 3.8 million visits to the Yorkshire Dales National Park including 0.48 million who stayed at least one night. The park authority estimates that this contributed £252 million to the economy and provided 3,583 full-time equivalent jobs. The wider Yorkshire Dales area received 9.7 million visitors who contributed £644 million to the economy.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.yorkshiredales.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/764708/Trends-in-tourism-in-the-Yorkshire-Dales_2010-16.pdf|title=Trends in tourism in the Yorkshire Dales 2010 to 2016|access-date=14 July 2018}}</ref>
[[File:Pub bullshead Hawes 177.jpg|thumb|A traditional pub with rooms to let in Hawes, in the Dales of North Yorkshire]]
Visitors are often attracted by the hiking trails,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://theculturetrip.com/europe/united-kingdom/england/articles/the-best-hikes-to-take-in-the-yorkshire-dales/|title=The Best Hikes to Take in the Yorkshire Dales|first=Emma|last=Lavelle|access-date=14 July 2018}}</ref> including some that lead to waterfalls<ref>{{cite web |last=Lavelle |first=Emma |date=31 August 2017 |title=Seven Dramatic Waterfalls You Have to See in the Yorkshire Dales |url=https://theculturetrip.com/europe/united-kingdom/england/articles/seven-dramatic-waterfalls-you-have-to-see-in-the-yorkshire-dales/ |access-date=14 July 2018 |website=The Culture Trip}}</ref> and picturesque villages and small towns. These include [[Kirkby Lonsdale]] (just outside the area), [[Hawes]], [[Appletreewick]], [[Masham]], [[Clapham, North Yorkshire|Clapham]], [[Long Preston]] and [[Malham]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Lavelle |first=Emma |date=18 December 2017 |title=The Most Beautiful Villages in England's Yorkshire Dales |url=https://theculturetrip.com/europe/united-kingdom/england/articles/the-most-beautiful-villages-in-englands-yorkshire-dales/ |access-date=14 July 2018 |website=The Culture Trip}}</ref>
The {{convert|73|mi|km|-long|adj=mid}} [[Settle–Carlisle line]] railway, operated by [[Network Rail]], runs through the National Park using tunnels and viaducts, including Ribblehead.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.yorkshiredales.org.uk/visit-the-dales|date=7 March 2018 |publisher=Yorkshire Dales |access-date=12 January 2019 |title=Visit the Dales}}</ref>
[[File:Aysgarth Falls 9190.jpg|thumb|A small section of Aysgarth Falls]]
The top-rated attractions according to travellers using the [[Trip Advisor]] site include [[Aysgarth Falls]], [[Malham Cove]] (scenic walking areas), [[Ingleborough]] (hiking trails) and [[Ribblehead Viaduct]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tripadvisor.ca/Attractions-g186347-Activities-Yorkshire_Dales_National_Park_North_Yorkshire_England.html |title=Attractions|access-date=12 January 2019 |publisher=Trip Advisor}}</ref>
The DalesBus service provides service in the Dales on certain days in summer, "including the Yorkshire Dales National Park and Nidderdale Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty". In summer, these buses supplement the other services operating year-round in the Dales.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dalesbus.org/|title=Welcome to DalesBus|website=DalesBus – Public Transport in the Yorkshire Dales|accessdate=28 February 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dalesbus.org/news.html|title=Latest News|website=DalesBus – Public Transport in the Yorkshire Dales|accessdate=28 February 2021}}</ref>
Tourism in the region declined because of restrictions implemented in relation to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] in 2020, and into 2021. Later in 2021, the volume of visits was expected to increase as a result of the 2020 TV series ''[[All Creatures Great and Small (2020 TV series)|All Creatures Great and Small]]'', largely filmed within the Dales.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/people/how-yorkshire-dales-businesses-are-preparing-all-creatures-great-and-small-tourism-boom-eventually-2971327 |title=How Yorkshire Dales businesses are preparing for All Creatures Great and Small tourism boom... eventually |date=15 September 2020 |work=The Yorkshire Post |access-date=1 March 2021 |quote=He says this year has been extremely challenging for many businesses in the Dales. In the tourism business, it has been a disaster}}</ref> The first series aired in the UK in September 2020 and in the US in early 2021. One source stated that visits to Yorkshire websites had increased significantly by late September 2020.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.examinerlive.co.uk/whats-on/whats-on-news/new-creatures-great-small-brings-18988628 |title=New All Creatures Great and Small brings a huge increase in Yorkshire tourism |date=24 September 2020 |work=Examiner |access-date=27 February 2021 }}</ref> By early 2021, the ''Discover England'' websites, for example, were using the tagline "Discover 'All Creatures Great and Small' in Yorkshire".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.visitengland.com/experience/discover-all-creatures-great-and-small-yorkshire |title=Discover 'All Creatures Great and Small' in Yorkshire |date=24 October 2020 |work=British Tourist Authority |access-date=27 February 2021 }}</ref>
==Geology==
{{Main|Geology of Yorkshire Dales National Park}}
{{Panorama|image=Western Face of Thwaites scars.jpg|height=350px|caption=Cliffs of [[Carboniferous Limestone]] are a common geological feature in the Yorkshire Dales; this [[panoramic image]] shows the western face of [[Thwaites Scars]] taken from Long Lane.}}
The dales are 'U'- and 'V'-shaped valleys, the former enlarged and shaped by [[glacier]]s, mainly in the most recent [[Devensian]] [[ice age]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Ashbourn|first1=Julian|title=Geological landscapes of Britain|url=https://archive.org/details/geologicallandsc00ashb|url-access=limited|date=2011|publisher=Springer|location=Dordrecht|isbn=978-90-481-8860-4|page=[https://archive.org/details/geologicallandsc00ashb/page/n157 143]|edition=1}}</ref> The underlying rock is mainly [[Carboniferous Limestone]], which results in a large areas of [[karst]] topography,{{sfn|NE 21|2013|p=3}} in places overlain with [[shale]] and [[sandstone]] and topped with [[Millstone Grit]],{{sfn|NE 21|2013|p=6}} although to the north and west of the [[Dent Fault]]<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Underhill|first1=J. R.|last2=Gayer|first2=R. A.|last3=Woodcock|first3=N. H.|last4=Donnelly|first4=R.|last5=Jolley|first5=E. J.|last6=Stimpson|first6=I. G.|title=The Dent Fault System, northern England—reinterpreted as a major oblique-slip fault zone|url=http://jgs.lyellcollection.org/content/145/2/303|journal=Journal of the Geological Society|access-date=10 April 2018|pages=303–316|doi=10.1144/gsjgs.145.2.0303|date=1 April 1988|volume=145|issue=2|bibcode=1988JGSoc.145..303U|s2cid=129186311}}</ref> the hills are formed from older [[Silurian]] and [[Ordovician]] rocks.<ref>{{cite web|title=Out of Oblivion: A landscape through time|url=http://www.outofoblivion.org.uk/geology.asp|website=outofoblivion.org.uk|access-date=10 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Gorges {{!}} Topographical features created by erosion {{!}} Limestone topography {{!}} Limestone landscapes {{!}} Geology of Britain {{!}} British Geological Survey (BGS)|url=http://www.bgs.ac.uk/discoveringGeology/geologyOfBritain/limestoneLandscapes/limestoneTopography/Gorges.html|website=bgs.ac.uk|access-date=10 April 2018}}</ref>
==Cave systems==
[[File:Gaping Gill.jpg|thumb|right|Gaping Gill]]
<!-- Image with unknown copyright status removed: [[File:Gaping Gill Floor.jpg|thumb|right|Impressive size of Gaping Gill]] -->
The underlying limestone in parts of the Dales has extensive cave systems, including the {{convert|87|km|mi|-long|adj=mid|order=flip}} [[Three Counties System]], making it a major area for [[caving]] in the UK. There are over 2500 known caves;<ref>{{cite web |title=Caving |url=https://www.yorkshiredales.org.uk/things-to-do/get-outdoors/adventure-activities/caving/ |access-date=25 November 2022 |website=Yorkshire Dales National Park |quote=There are over 2500 known caves in the Dales including the longest system in Britain}}</ref> some are open to the public for tours.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.yorkshire.com/outdoors/rocksports/caving-and-show-caves |title=Caves and Caving in the Yorkshire Dales|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110906111433/http://www.yorkshire.com/outdoors/rocksports/caving-and-show-caves |archive-date=6 September 2011 }}</ref> Visitors can try caving at one of the show caves: White Scar Cave, Ingleborough Cave or Stump Cross Caverns near Greenhow.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.yorkshiredales.org.uk/visit-the-dales/things-to-see-and-do/top-10-places-to-see/our-show-caves|date=1 March 2016 |title=Our show caves|publisher=Yorkshire Dales |access-date=12 January 2019}}</ref>
The systems include:
* [[Gaping Gill|Gaping Gill System]]<ref>{{cite news|last1=Krol|first1=Charlotte|title=Yorkshire cave twice the height of Niagara Falls open to public for abseiling|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/lifestyle/wellbeing/outdoors/11630162/Potholers-winched-inside-epic-Gaping-Gill-cave-for-first-time.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150526190131/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/lifestyle/wellbeing/outdoors/11630162/Potholers-winched-inside-epic-Gaping-Gill-cave-for-first-time.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=26 May 2015|access-date=10 April 2018|work=The Telegraph|date=26 May 2015}}</ref>
* [[Alum Pot]] System<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ward|first1=David|title=Man and woman found drowned in flooded cave|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2007/dec/29/uknews4.mainsection3|access-date=10 April 2018|work=The Guardian|date=29 December 2007}}</ref>
* [[Mossdale Caverns]]<ref>{{cite news|title=What lies beneath: Mossdale caving disaster|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/what-lies-beneath-mossdale-caving-disaster-794268.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220507/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/what-lies-beneath-mossdale-caving-disaster-794268.html |archive-date=7 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|access-date=10 April 2018|work=The Independent|date=15 March 2008}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
* [[Leck Fell|Leck Fell Caves]]<ref>{{cite news|last1=Holmes|first1=Matthew|title=Your pictures of the newly enlarged Yorkshire Dales and Lake District|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/gallery/2016/aug/04/your-pictures-of-the-newly-enlarged-yorkshire-dales-and-lake-district|work=The Guardian|date=4 August 2016|access-date=10 April 2018}}</ref>
* [[Easegill System]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Three Counties system|url=http://www.yorkshiredales.org.uk/visit-the-dales/discover-the-dales/caves-and-potholes/ease-gill-system|website=yorkshiredales.org.uk|access-date=10 April 2018}}</ref>
* [[White Scar Caves]] in [[Chapel-le-Dale (valley)|Chapel-le-Dale]] near [[Ingleton, North Yorkshire|Ingleton]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.whitescarcave.co.uk/frame.htm |title=White Scar Caves|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081019003419/http://www.whitescarcave.co.uk/frame.htm |archive-date=19 October 2008 }}</ref>
* [[Ingleborough Cave]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ingleboroughcave.co.uk/|title=Welcome to Ingleborough Cave|website=Ingleboroughcave.co.uk|access-date=31 January 2018}}</ref> in Clapdale near [[Clapham, North Yorkshire|Clapham]]
* [[Stump Cross Caverns]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stumpcrosscaverns.co.uk/|title=Stump Cross Caverns|website=Stumpcrosscaverns.co.uk|access-date=31 January 2018}}</ref> near [[Pateley Bridge]]
* [[Nidderdale Caves|Goyden System]] near [[Pateley Bridge]]<ref>{{cite news|last1=Dooks|first1=Brian|title=Tranquillity returns to site that claimed a young boy's life|url=https://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/tranquillity-returns-to-site-that-claimed-a-young-boy-s-life-1-2590339|access-date=10 April 2018|work=The Yorkshire Post|date=16 November 2005}}</ref>
==Gallery==
<gallery>
Dry stone fences in the Yorkshire Dales, England.jpg|Dry stone fences in the Yorkshire Dales
High Barn - geograph.org.uk - 168529.jpg|Typical Dales barn, near [[Selside, North Yorkshire|Selside]]
Janet's Foss 2.jpg|Janet's Foss, near [[Malham]]
Ingleborough whole.JPG|[[Ingleborough]] as seen from the peat bog below
</gallery>
==See also==
* [[List of peaks in the Yorkshire Dales]]
* ''[[All Creatures Great and Small (1978 TV series)|All Creatures Great and Small]]''
* ''[[Emmerdale]]''
==References==
{{Reflist}}
===Sources===
*{{cite report|title=NCA Profile: 21. Yorkshire Dales (NE399)|publisher=Natural England|url=http://publications.naturalengland.org.uk/publication/4674002?category=587130|date=13 January 2013|access-date=10 April 2018|ref={{Harvid|NE 21|2013}} }}
==External links==
{{commons category|Yorkshire Dales}}
{{Wikivoyage|Yorkshire Dales}}
* [http://www.yorkshiredales.org.uk/ Yorkshire Dales National Park Authority]
* [http://www.yorkshiredales.co.uk/ Yorkshire Dales Community Pages]
* [http://www.yds.org.uk Yorkshire Dales Society] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060810180434/http://www.yds.org.uk/ |date=10 August 2006 }}
* [https://www.yorkshire.com/yorkshire-dales/ Yorkshire Dales] in [[Welcome to Yorkshire]]
<!-- Please bear in mind that Wikipedia is an encyclopedia and not a directory. It may be that one or two links will add something to a page however they must only be placed on the relevant page and will always be subject to review by wikipedians.-->
{{Yorkshire Dales}}
{{Authority control}}
{{coord|54|16|N|2|05|W|region:GB_type:landmark_source:dewiki|display=title}}
[[Category:Yorkshire Dales| ]]
[[Category:Valleys of North Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Valleys of West Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Valleys of Cumbria]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in North Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in West Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Cumbria]]
[[Category:Parks and open spaces in Cumbria]]
[[Category:Parks and open spaces in North Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Natural regions of England]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext) | '==Etymology==
The word ''[[Dale (landform)|dale]]'', like ''dell'', is derived from the Old English word ''dæl''. It has cognates in the [[North Germanic languages|Nordic]]/[[Germanic languages|Germanic]] words for valley (''dal'', ''tal''), and occurs in valley names across Yorkshire and Northern England.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Ekwall|first1=Eilert|title=The concise Oxford dictionary of English place-names|date=1960|publisher=Clarendon Press|location=Oxford|isbn=0-19-869103-3|page=138|edition=4}}</ref> Usage here may have been reinforced by Nordic languages during the time of the [[Danelaw]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Booth|first1=Michael|title=The Almost Nearly Perfect People|date=2015|publisher=Vintage Books|location=London|isbn=9780099546078|page=9|edition=1|chapter=Introduction}}</ref>
Most of the dales are named after their river or stream (e.g., [[Arkengarthdale]], formed by [[Arkle Beck]]). The best-known exception is [[Wensleydale]], which is named after the small village and former market town of [[Wensley, North Yorkshire|Wensley]], rather than the [[River Ure]], although an older name for the dale is Yoredale.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Rhea|first1=Nicholas|title=Why call it Wensleydale?|url=http://www.darlingtonandstocktontimes.co.uk/weekend/countrymansdiary/8620446.Why_call_it_Wensleydale_/|access-date=10 April 2018|work=Darlington and Stockton Times|date=5 November 2010}}</ref> River valleys all over [[Yorkshire]] are called "(name of river)+[[Valley|dale]]"—but only the more northern valleys (and only the upper, rural, reaches) are included in the term "The Dales".<ref>{{cite web|title=Yorkshire Dales guide – where, how and what|url=http://www.yorkshiredales.net/guide/|website=yorkshiredales.net|access-date=10 April 2018}}</ref>
==Geography==
{{See also|List of Yorkshire Dales}}
The Yorkshire Dales are surrounded by the [[North Pennines]] and [[Orton Fells]] in the north, the Vales of [[Vale of York|York]] and [[Vale of Mowbray|Mowbray]] in the east, the [[South Pennines]] in the south, and the [[Lake District]] and [[Howgill Fells]] to the west. They spread to the north from the market and [[spa town]]s of [[Settle, North Yorkshire|Settle]], [[Skipton]], and [[Harrogate]] in North Yorkshire, to the southern boundary in [[Wharfedale]] and [[Airedale]]. [[Natural England]] define the area as most of the [[Yorkshire Dales National Park]] with fringes of the [[Nidderdale AONB]], but without the towns listed above apart from Settle.{{sfn|NE 21|2013|p=3}}
The lower reaches of Airedale and Wharfedale are not usually included in the area, and [[Calderdale]], south of [[Airedale]] and in the South Pennines, is not often considered part of the Dales (even though it is a dale, is in Yorkshire, and its upper reaches are as scenic and rural as many further north).<ref>{{cite web|title=The Dales – Yorkshire Dales|url=http://www.yorkshiredales.co.uk/the-dales/|website=yorkshiredales.co.uk|access-date=10 April 2018}}</ref> Additionally, although the National Park includes the Howgill Fells and Orton Fells,<ref>{{cite web |last=Pidd |first=Helen |date=1 August 2016 |title=Yorkshire Dales expand into Lancashire in national parks land grab |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/aug/01/yorkshire-dales-expand-lancashire-national-parks-extension-leck-fell |access-date=20 January 2019 |work=The Guardian}}</ref> they are not usually considered part of the Dales.
[[File:Yorkshire Dales (near Malham).jpg|thumb|A view near [[Malham]], on the [[Pennine Bridleway]]]]
Most of the larger southern dales – Ribblesdale, Malhamdale and Airedale, Wharfedale and Nidderdale – run roughly parallel from north to south. The more northerly dales – Wensleydale and [[Swaledale]] – run generally from west to east.{{sfn|NE 21|2013|p=25}} There are many other smaller or lesser-known dales such as [[Arkengarthdale]], [[Bishopdale, North Yorkshire|Bishopdale]], Clapdale, [[Coverdale (dale)|Coverdale]], [[Kingsdale]], [[Littondale]], [[Langstrothdale]], [[Raydale]] [[Waldendale]] and the [[Washburn Valley]] whose tributary streams and rivers feed into the larger valleys, and [[Barbondale]], [[Dentdale]], [[Deepdale]] and [[Garsdale]] which feed west to the [[River Lune]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Chrystal|first1=Paul|title=The Place Names of Yorkshire; Cities, Towns, Villages, Rivers and Dales, some Pubs too, in Praise of Yorkshire Ales|date=2017|publisher=Stenlake|location=Catrine|isbn=9781840337532|pages=102–104|edition=1}}</ref>
The characteristic scenery of the Dales is green upland pastures separated by [[dry-stone wall]]s and grazed by sheep and cattle.<ref>{{cite web|title=Managing the environment {{!}} Conflicts of land use {{!}} Limestone landscapes {{!}} Geology of Britain {{!}} British Geological Survey (BGS)|url=http://www.bgs.ac.uk/discoveringGeology/geologyOfBritain/limestoneLandscapes/resourcesConflictsSustainability/managingEnvironment.html|website=bgs.ac.uk|access-date=10 April 2018}}</ref> A survey carried out in 1988 estimated that there were just over {{convert|8000|km|order=flip|0}} of dry-stone walling in the Yorkshire Dales.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Lloyd |first1=Chris |title=A dale, from wall to hall |work=Darlington & Stockton Times |issue=49–2018 |date=7 December 2018 |page=35|issn=2516-5348}}</ref> Many upland areas consist of heather moorland, used for [[driven grouse shooting|grouse shooting]] from 12 August (the [[Glorious Twelfth]]).<ref>{{cite news|title=Warning volleys fired as war of words erupts over grouse shoot|url=https://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/environment/warning-volleys-fired-as-war-of-words-erupts-over-grouse-shoot-1-8699083|access-date=10 April 2018|work=The Yorkshire Post|date=12 August 2017}}</ref>
==Cultural aspects==
[[File:Typical yorkshire village B 9079.jpg|thumb|right|A typical village (Gunnerside) in the Swaledale agricultural area of the Yorkshire Dales]]
[[File:Field barn muker 9118.jpg|thumb|Tourists approaching a field barn in [[Muker]]]]
Much of the rural area is used for agriculture, with residents living in small villages and hamlets or in farmsteads. Miles of dry-stone walls and much of the traditional architecture have remained,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.yorkshirenet.co.uk/yorkshire-dales/landscape/|title=Yorkshire Dales, Northern England – landscape and history|work=Yorkshire Net|access-date=14 July 2018}}</ref> including some field barns, though many are no longer in active use. Breeding of sheep and rearing of cattle remain common.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.yorkshiredalesmanagementplan.org.uk/about-the-yorkshire-dales-national-park/special-qualities-of-the-yorkshire-dales-national-park|title=Yorkshire Dales National Park – Special qualities of the Yorkshire Dales National Park|publisher=Yorkshire Dales National Park Authority |access-date=14 July 2018}}</ref> To supplement their incomes, many farmers have diversified, with some providing accommodations for tourists.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/education/clips/zhpd7ty|title=Higher Geography – Yorkshire Dales – agriculture|publisher=BBC Bitesize|access-date=14 July 2018}}</ref> A number of agricultural shows are held each year.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.yorkshirenet.co.uk/yorkshire-attractions/agricultural-shows/|title=Yorkshire Agricultural Shows Guide|work=Yorkshire Net|access-date=14 July 2018}}</ref>
Lead mining was common in some areas of the Dales in the 19th century, particularly during 1821 to 1861, and some industrial remains can still be found, such as the Grassington miners' cottages.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2010/aug/04/yorkshire-dales-mine-site-preserved|title=Historic Yorkshire Dales lead mine site to be preserved|first=Martin|last=Wainwright|date=4 August 2010|work=The Guardian|access-date=14 July 2018}}</ref> Certain former mining sites are maintained by [[Historic England]]. The Grassington Moor Lead Mining Trail, with its many remaining structures,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thedevonshiregrassington.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/tt_grassington_walk_2018.pdf|work=Wharfedale wander|title=A walk from The Devonshire, Grassington|access-date=14 July 2018}}</ref> has received funding from a variety of sources. The Yorkshire Dales National Park Authority provides a mobile-device software app for those who wish to explore the relevant areas.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.yorkshiredales.org.uk/living-and-working/other-services/press-office/news/recent/new-app-helps-lead-mining-come-to-life-in-national-park|title=New app helps lead mining come to life in National Park|publisher=Yorkshire Dales National Park Authority |access-date=14 July 2018}}</ref>
==Tourism==
In this primarily agricultural area, tourism has become an important contributor to the economy.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.yorkshiredales.org.uk/looking-after/achievingourvision/economy|title=Economy|publisher=Yorkshire Dales National Park Authority |access-date=14 July 2018}}</ref> In 2016, there were 3.8 million visits to the Yorkshire Dales National Park including 0.48 million who stayed at least one night. The park authority estimates that this contributed £252 million to the economy and provided 3,583 full-time equivalent jobs. The wider Yorkshire Dales area received 9.7 million visitors who contributed £644 million to the economy.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.yorkshiredales.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/764708/Trends-in-tourism-in-the-Yorkshire-Dales_2010-16.pdf|title=Trends in tourism in the Yorkshire Dales 2010 to 2016|access-date=14 July 2018}}</ref>
[[File:Pub bullshead Hawes 177.jpg|thumb|A traditional pub with rooms to let in Hawes, in the Dales of North Yorkshire]]
Visitors are often attracted by the hiking trails,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://theculturetrip.com/europe/united-kingdom/england/articles/the-best-hikes-to-take-in-the-yorkshire-dales/|title=The Best Hikes to Take in the Yorkshire Dales|first=Emma|last=Lavelle|access-date=14 July 2018}}</ref> including some that lead to waterfalls<ref>{{cite web |last=Lavelle |first=Emma |date=31 August 2017 |title=Seven Dramatic Waterfalls You Have to See in the Yorkshire Dales |url=https://theculturetrip.com/europe/united-kingdom/england/articles/seven-dramatic-waterfalls-you-have-to-see-in-the-yorkshire-dales/ |access-date=14 July 2018 |website=The Culture Trip}}</ref> and picturesque villages and small towns. These include [[Kirkby Lonsdale]] (just outside the area), [[Hawes]], [[Appletreewick]], [[Masham]], [[Clapham, North Yorkshire|Clapham]], [[Long Preston]] and [[Malham]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Lavelle |first=Emma |date=18 December 2017 |title=The Most Beautiful Villages in England's Yorkshire Dales |url=https://theculturetrip.com/europe/united-kingdom/england/articles/the-most-beautiful-villages-in-englands-yorkshire-dales/ |access-date=14 July 2018 |website=The Culture Trip}}</ref>
The {{convert|73|mi|km|-long|adj=mid}} [[Settle–Carlisle line]] railway, operated by [[Network Rail]], runs through the National Park using tunnels and viaducts, including Ribblehead.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.yorkshiredales.org.uk/visit-the-dales|date=7 March 2018 |publisher=Yorkshire Dales |access-date=12 January 2019 |title=Visit the Dales}}</ref>
[[File:Aysgarth Falls 9190.jpg|thumb|A small section of Aysgarth Falls]]
The top-rated attractions according to travellers using the [[Trip Advisor]] site include [[Aysgarth Falls]], [[Malham Cove]] (scenic walking areas), [[Ingleborough]] (hiking trails) and [[Ribblehead Viaduct]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tripadvisor.ca/Attractions-g186347-Activities-Yorkshire_Dales_National_Park_North_Yorkshire_England.html |title=Attractions|access-date=12 January 2019 |publisher=Trip Advisor}}</ref>
The DalesBus service provides service in the Dales on certain days in summer, "including the Yorkshire Dales National Park and Nidderdale Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty". In summer, these buses supplement the other services operating year-round in the Dales.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dalesbus.org/|title=Welcome to DalesBus|website=DalesBus – Public Transport in the Yorkshire Dales|accessdate=28 February 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dalesbus.org/news.html|title=Latest News|website=DalesBus – Public Transport in the Yorkshire Dales|accessdate=28 February 2021}}</ref>
Tourism in the region declined because of restrictions implemented in relation to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] in 2020, and into 2021. Later in 2021, the volume of visits was expected to increase as a result of the 2020 TV series ''[[All Creatures Great and Small (2020 TV series)|All Creatures Great and Small]]'', largely filmed within the Dales.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/people/how-yorkshire-dales-businesses-are-preparing-all-creatures-great-and-small-tourism-boom-eventually-2971327 |title=How Yorkshire Dales businesses are preparing for All Creatures Great and Small tourism boom... eventually |date=15 September 2020 |work=The Yorkshire Post |access-date=1 March 2021 |quote=He says this year has been extremely challenging for many businesses in the Dales. In the tourism business, it has been a disaster}}</ref> The first series aired in the UK in September 2020 and in the US in early 2021. One source stated that visits to Yorkshire websites had increased significantly by late September 2020.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.examinerlive.co.uk/whats-on/whats-on-news/new-creatures-great-small-brings-18988628 |title=New All Creatures Great and Small brings a huge increase in Yorkshire tourism |date=24 September 2020 |work=Examiner |access-date=27 February 2021 }}</ref> By early 2021, the ''Discover England'' websites, for example, were using the tagline "Discover 'All Creatures Great and Small' in Yorkshire".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.visitengland.com/experience/discover-all-creatures-great-and-small-yorkshire |title=Discover 'All Creatures Great and Small' in Yorkshire |date=24 October 2020 |work=British Tourist Authority |access-date=27 February 2021 }}</ref>
==Geology==
{{Main|Geology of Yorkshire Dales National Park}}
{{Panorama|image=Western Face of Thwaites scars.jpg|height=350px|caption=Cliffs of [[Carboniferous Limestone]] are a common geological feature in the Yorkshire Dales; this [[panoramic image]] shows the western face of [[Thwaites Scars]] taken from Long Lane.}}
The dales are 'U'- and 'V'-shaped valleys, the former enlarged and shaped by [[glacier]]s, mainly in the most recent [[Devensian]] [[ice age]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Ashbourn|first1=Julian|title=Geological landscapes of Britain|url=https://archive.org/details/geologicallandsc00ashb|url-access=limited|date=2011|publisher=Springer|location=Dordrecht|isbn=978-90-481-8860-4|page=[https://archive.org/details/geologicallandsc00ashb/page/n157 143]|edition=1}}</ref> The underlying rock is mainly [[Carboniferous Limestone]], which results in a large areas of [[karst]] topography,{{sfn|NE 21|2013|p=3}} in places overlain with [[shale]] and [[sandstone]] and topped with [[Millstone Grit]],{{sfn|NE 21|2013|p=6}} although to the north and west of the [[Dent Fault]]<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Underhill|first1=J. R.|last2=Gayer|first2=R. A.|last3=Woodcock|first3=N. H.|last4=Donnelly|first4=R.|last5=Jolley|first5=E. J.|last6=Stimpson|first6=I. G.|title=The Dent Fault System, northern England—reinterpreted as a major oblique-slip fault zone|url=http://jgs.lyellcollection.org/content/145/2/303|journal=Journal of the Geological Society|access-date=10 April 2018|pages=303–316|doi=10.1144/gsjgs.145.2.0303|date=1 April 1988|volume=145|issue=2|bibcode=1988JGSoc.145..303U|s2cid=129186311}}</ref> the hills are formed from older [[Silurian]] and [[Ordovician]] rocks.<ref>{{cite web|title=Out of Oblivion: A landscape through time|url=http://www.outofoblivion.org.uk/geology.asp|website=outofoblivion.org.uk|access-date=10 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Gorges {{!}} Topographical features created by erosion {{!}} Limestone topography {{!}} Limestone landscapes {{!}} Geology of Britain {{!}} British Geological Survey (BGS)|url=http://www.bgs.ac.uk/discoveringGeology/geologyOfBritain/limestoneLandscapes/limestoneTopography/Gorges.html|website=bgs.ac.uk|access-date=10 April 2018}}</ref>
==Cave systems==
[[File:Gaping Gill.jpg|thumb|right|Gaping Gill]]
<!-- Image with unknown copyright status removed: [[File:Gaping Gill Floor.jpg|thumb|right|Impressive size of Gaping Gill]] -->
The underlying limestone in parts of the Dales has extensive cave systems, including the {{convert|87|km|mi|-long|adj=mid|order=flip}} [[Three Counties System]], making it a major area for [[caving]] in the UK. There are over 2500 known caves;<ref>{{cite web |title=Caving |url=https://www.yorkshiredales.org.uk/things-to-do/get-outdoors/adventure-activities/caving/ |access-date=25 November 2022 |website=Yorkshire Dales National Park |quote=There are over 2500 known caves in the Dales including the longest system in Britain}}</ref> some are open to the public for tours.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.yorkshire.com/outdoors/rocksports/caving-and-show-caves |title=Caves and Caving in the Yorkshire Dales|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110906111433/http://www.yorkshire.com/outdoors/rocksports/caving-and-show-caves |archive-date=6 September 2011 }}</ref> Visitors can try caving at one of the show caves: White Scar Cave, Ingleborough Cave or Stump Cross Caverns near Greenhow.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.yorkshiredales.org.uk/visit-the-dales/things-to-see-and-do/top-10-places-to-see/our-show-caves|date=1 March 2016 |title=Our show caves|publisher=Yorkshire Dales |access-date=12 January 2019}}</ref>
The systems include:
* [[Gaping Gill|Gaping Gill System]]<ref>{{cite news|last1=Krol|first1=Charlotte|title=Yorkshire cave twice the height of Niagara Falls open to public for abseiling|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/lifestyle/wellbeing/outdoors/11630162/Potholers-winched-inside-epic-Gaping-Gill-cave-for-first-time.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150526190131/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/lifestyle/wellbeing/outdoors/11630162/Potholers-winched-inside-epic-Gaping-Gill-cave-for-first-time.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=26 May 2015|access-date=10 April 2018|work=The Telegraph|date=26 May 2015}}</ref>
* [[Alum Pot]] System<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ward|first1=David|title=Man and woman found drowned in flooded cave|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2007/dec/29/uknews4.mainsection3|access-date=10 April 2018|work=The Guardian|date=29 December 2007}}</ref>
* [[Mossdale Caverns]]<ref>{{cite news|title=What lies beneath: Mossdale caving disaster|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/what-lies-beneath-mossdale-caving-disaster-794268.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220507/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/what-lies-beneath-mossdale-caving-disaster-794268.html |archive-date=7 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|access-date=10 April 2018|work=The Independent|date=15 March 2008}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
* [[Leck Fell|Leck Fell Caves]]<ref>{{cite news|last1=Holmes|first1=Matthew|title=Your pictures of the newly enlarged Yorkshire Dales and Lake District|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/gallery/2016/aug/04/your-pictures-of-the-newly-enlarged-yorkshire-dales-and-lake-district|work=The Guardian|date=4 August 2016|access-date=10 April 2018}}</ref>
* [[Easegill System]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Three Counties system|url=http://www.yorkshiredales.org.uk/visit-the-dales/discover-the-dales/caves-and-potholes/ease-gill-system|website=yorkshiredales.org.uk|access-date=10 April 2018}}</ref>
* [[White Scar Caves]] in [[Chapel-le-Dale (valley)|Chapel-le-Dale]] near [[Ingleton, North Yorkshire|Ingleton]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.whitescarcave.co.uk/frame.htm |title=White Scar Caves|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081019003419/http://www.whitescarcave.co.uk/frame.htm |archive-date=19 October 2008 }}</ref>
* [[Ingleborough Cave]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ingleboroughcave.co.uk/|title=Welcome to Ingleborough Cave|website=Ingleboroughcave.co.uk|access-date=31 January 2018}}</ref> in Clapdale near [[Clapham, North Yorkshire|Clapham]]
* [[Stump Cross Caverns]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stumpcrosscaverns.co.uk/|title=Stump Cross Caverns|website=Stumpcrosscaverns.co.uk|access-date=31 January 2018}}</ref> near [[Pateley Bridge]]
* [[Nidderdale Caves|Goyden System]] near [[Pateley Bridge]]<ref>{{cite news|last1=Dooks|first1=Brian|title=Tranquillity returns to site that claimed a young boy's life|url=https://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/tranquillity-returns-to-site-that-claimed-a-young-boy-s-life-1-2590339|access-date=10 April 2018|work=The Yorkshire Post|date=16 November 2005}}</ref>
==Gallery==
<gallery>
Dry stone fences in the Yorkshire Dales, England.jpg|Dry stone fences in the Yorkshire Dales
High Barn - geograph.org.uk - 168529.jpg|Typical Dales barn, near [[Selside, North Yorkshire|Selside]]
Janet's Foss 2.jpg|Janet's Foss, near [[Malham]]
Ingleborough whole.JPG|[[Ingleborough]] as seen from the peat bog below
</gallery>
==See also==
* [[List of peaks in the Yorkshire Dales]]
* ''[[All Creatures Great and Small (1978 TV series)|All Creatures Great and Small]]''
* ''[[Emmerdale]]''
==References==
{{Reflist}}
===Sources===
*{{cite report|title=NCA Profile: 21. Yorkshire Dales (NE399)|publisher=Natural England|url=http://publications.naturalengland.org.uk/publication/4674002?category=587130|date=13 January 2013|access-date=10 April 2018|ref={{Harvid|NE 21|2013}} }}
==External links==
{{commons category|Yorkshire Dales}}
{{Wikivoyage|Yorkshire Dales}}
* [http://www.yorkshiredales.org.uk/ Yorkshire Dales National Park Authority]
* [http://www.yorkshiredales.co.uk/ Yorkshire Dales Community Pages]
* [http://www.yds.org.uk Yorkshire Dales Society] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060810180434/http://www.yds.org.uk/ |date=10 August 2006 }}
* [https://www.yorkshire.com/yorkshire-dales/ Yorkshire Dales] in [[Welcome to Yorkshire]]
<!-- Please bear in mind that Wikipedia is an encyclopedia and not a directory. It may be that one or two links will add something to a page however they must only be placed on the relevant page and will always be subject to review by wikipedians.-->
{{Yorkshire Dales}}
{{Authority control}}
{{coord|54|16|N|2|05|W|region:GB_type:landmark_source:dewiki|display=title}}
[[Category:Yorkshire Dales| ]]
[[Category:Valleys of North Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Valleys of West Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Valleys of Cumbria]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in North Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in West Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Cumbria]]
[[Category:Parks and open spaces in Cumbria]]
[[Category:Parks and open spaces in North Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Natural regions of England]]' |
Unified diff of changes made by edit (edit_diff) | '@@ -1,12 +1,2 @@
-{{Short description|Upland area of the Pennines in Northern England}}
-{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}
-{{Use British English|date=August 2012}}
-[[File:2015 Swaledale from Kisdon Hill.jpg|thumb|[[Swaledale]]|upright=1.4]]
-The '''Yorkshire Dales''' are an upland area of the [[Pennines]] in England. Most of the area is in the [[Ceremonial counties of England|county]] of [[North Yorkshire]], but it extends into [[Cumbria]] and a small part of [[Lancashire]]. It was [[Historic counties of England|historically]] entirely within [[Yorkshire]]. The majority of the Dales are part of the [[Yorkshire Dales National Park]], created in 1954.<ref>{{cite web |title=Yorkshire Dales Area |url=http://www.yorkshire.com/places/yorkshire-dales |access-date=25 April 2013 |website=Yorkshire.com}}</ref> The exception is the area around [[Nidderdale]], which forms the separate [[Nidderdale AONB|Nidderdale]] [[Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty]].
-
-The landscape of the Dales consists of sheltered [[glacial valley]]s separated by exposed [[moorland]].<ref name=":0">{{cite web |last=England |first=Natural |title=National Character Area Profile: 21. Yorkshire Dales – NE399 |url=https://publications.naturalengland.org.uk/publication/4674002 |access-date=13 October 2023 |website=Natural England |pages=3, 9 }}</ref> The predominant rock is [[Carboniferous Limestone]], which is particularly visible in the south-west in features such as [[Malham Cove]]. It is overlain in many areas by the [[Yoredale Series]] of alternating weak shales and hard limestones and sandstones, which give the valleys their characteristic 'stepped' appearance.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://www.yorkshiredales.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2021/02/YDNP-LCA-Overview-Report-lo-res-2.pdf |title=Landscape Character Assessment |publisher=Yorkshire Dales National Park Authority |year=2020 |pages=6–7}}</ref> Most of the Dales contain rivers, and the area contains seven primary [[Drainage basin|catchments]]: the [[River Swale|Swale]], [[River Ure|Ure]], [[River Wharfe|Wharfe]], [[River Aire|Aire]], [[River Nidd|Nidd]], [[River Ribble|Ribble]], and [[River Lune|Lune]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Rivers and streams |url=https://www.yorkshiredales.org.uk/about/wildlife/habitats/freshwater/rivers-and-streams/ |access-date=12 October 2023 |website=Yorkshire Dales National Park }}</ref> There are several notable [[cave]] systems in the area, including the longest system in the United Kingdom, the [[Three Counties System|Three Counties]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Caving |url=https://www.yorkshiredales.org.uk/things-to-do/get-outdoors/adventure-activities/caving/ |access-date=13 October 2023 |website=Yorkshire Dales National Park }}</ref>
-
-Agriculture and other land management has significantly affected the appearance of the Dales, through the creation of pastures and meadows for livestock grazing and moorland for [[red grouse]] shooting. [[Dry stone]] walls and [[field barn]]s are characteristic of the lower valleys, particularly [[Wensleydale]] and [[Swaledale]] in the north.<ref name=":0" /> [[Wensleydale cheese]] is a particularly famous product from the region.<ref name=":0" /> The Dales are popular for hiking, and are crossed by the [[Dales Way]], [[Pennine Way]], and [[Coast to Coast Walk|Coast to Coast]] [[Long distance footpath|long-distance footpaths]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Walking |url=https://www.yorkshiredales.org.uk/things-to-do/get-outdoors/walking/ |access-date=13 October 2023 |website=Yorkshire Dales National Park }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Long distance routes |url=https://www.yorkshiredales.org.uk/things-to-do/get-outdoors/walking/long-distance/ |access-date=13 October 2023 |website=Yorkshire Dales National Park }}</ref> The [[Yorkshire Three Peaks]] is a walking trail entirely within the area which takes in its three highest mountains: [[Ingleborough]] ({{convert|723|m|ft|abbr=on}}), [[Whernside]] ({{convert|736|m|ft|abbr=on}}), and [[Pen-y-ghent]] ({{convert|694|m|ft|abbr=on}}).<ref>{{cite web |title=Yorkshire Three Peaks Challenge |url=https://www.threepeakschallenge.uk/yorkshire-three-peaks-challenge/ |access-date=13 October 2023 |website=Yorkshire Three Peaks Challenge}}</ref> The extensive cave systems are a major area for caving in the UK.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.yorkshiredales.org.uk/visit-the-dales/get-outdoors-dales/adventure-activities/caving|date=1 March 2016 |publisher=Yorkshire Dales |title=Get Outdoors|access-date=12 January 2019 |quote=There are over 2500 known caves in the Dales including the longest system in Britain}}</ref>
-
==Etymology==
The word ''[[Dale (landform)|dale]]'', like ''dell'', is derived from the Old English word ''dæl''. It has cognates in the [[North Germanic languages|Nordic]]/[[Germanic languages|Germanic]] words for valley (''dal'', ''tal''), and occurs in valley names across Yorkshire and Northern England.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Ekwall|first1=Eilert|title=The concise Oxford dictionary of English place-names|date=1960|publisher=Clarendon Press|location=Oxford|isbn=0-19-869103-3|page=138|edition=4}}</ref> Usage here may have been reinforced by Nordic languages during the time of the [[Danelaw]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Booth|first1=Michael|title=The Almost Nearly Perfect People|date=2015|publisher=Vintage Books|location=London|isbn=9780099546078|page=9|edition=1|chapter=Introduction}}</ref>
' |
New page size (new_size) | 22926 |
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0 => '{{Short description|Upland area of the Pennines in Northern England}}',
1 => '{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}',
2 => '{{Use British English|date=August 2012}}',
3 => '[[File:2015 Swaledale from Kisdon Hill.jpg|thumb|[[Swaledale]]|upright=1.4]]',
4 => 'The '''Yorkshire Dales''' are an upland area of the [[Pennines]] in England. Most of the area is in the [[Ceremonial counties of England|county]] of [[North Yorkshire]], but it extends into [[Cumbria]] and a small part of [[Lancashire]]. It was [[Historic counties of England|historically]] entirely within [[Yorkshire]]. The majority of the Dales are part of the [[Yorkshire Dales National Park]], created in 1954.<ref>{{cite web |title=Yorkshire Dales Area |url=http://www.yorkshire.com/places/yorkshire-dales |access-date=25 April 2013 |website=Yorkshire.com}}</ref> The exception is the area around [[Nidderdale]], which forms the separate [[Nidderdale AONB|Nidderdale]] [[Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty]].',
5 => '',
6 => 'The landscape of the Dales consists of sheltered [[glacial valley]]s separated by exposed [[moorland]].<ref name=":0">{{cite web |last=England |first=Natural |title=National Character Area Profile: 21. Yorkshire Dales – NE399 |url=https://publications.naturalengland.org.uk/publication/4674002 |access-date=13 October 2023 |website=Natural England |pages=3, 9 }}</ref> The predominant rock is [[Carboniferous Limestone]], which is particularly visible in the south-west in features such as [[Malham Cove]]. It is overlain in many areas by the [[Yoredale Series]] of alternating weak shales and hard limestones and sandstones, which give the valleys their characteristic 'stepped' appearance.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://www.yorkshiredales.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2021/02/YDNP-LCA-Overview-Report-lo-res-2.pdf |title=Landscape Character Assessment |publisher=Yorkshire Dales National Park Authority |year=2020 |pages=6–7}}</ref> Most of the Dales contain rivers, and the area contains seven primary [[Drainage basin|catchments]]: the [[River Swale|Swale]], [[River Ure|Ure]], [[River Wharfe|Wharfe]], [[River Aire|Aire]], [[River Nidd|Nidd]], [[River Ribble|Ribble]], and [[River Lune|Lune]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Rivers and streams |url=https://www.yorkshiredales.org.uk/about/wildlife/habitats/freshwater/rivers-and-streams/ |access-date=12 October 2023 |website=Yorkshire Dales National Park }}</ref> There are several notable [[cave]] systems in the area, including the longest system in the United Kingdom, the [[Three Counties System|Three Counties]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Caving |url=https://www.yorkshiredales.org.uk/things-to-do/get-outdoors/adventure-activities/caving/ |access-date=13 October 2023 |website=Yorkshire Dales National Park }}</ref>',
7 => '',
8 => 'Agriculture and other land management has significantly affected the appearance of the Dales, through the creation of pastures and meadows for livestock grazing and moorland for [[red grouse]] shooting. [[Dry stone]] walls and [[field barn]]s are characteristic of the lower valleys, particularly [[Wensleydale]] and [[Swaledale]] in the north.<ref name=":0" /> [[Wensleydale cheese]] is a particularly famous product from the region.<ref name=":0" /> The Dales are popular for hiking, and are crossed by the [[Dales Way]], [[Pennine Way]], and [[Coast to Coast Walk|Coast to Coast]] [[Long distance footpath|long-distance footpaths]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Walking |url=https://www.yorkshiredales.org.uk/things-to-do/get-outdoors/walking/ |access-date=13 October 2023 |website=Yorkshire Dales National Park }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Long distance routes |url=https://www.yorkshiredales.org.uk/things-to-do/get-outdoors/walking/long-distance/ |access-date=13 October 2023 |website=Yorkshire Dales National Park }}</ref> The [[Yorkshire Three Peaks]] is a walking trail entirely within the area which takes in its three highest mountains: [[Ingleborough]] ({{convert|723|m|ft|abbr=on}}), [[Whernside]] ({{convert|736|m|ft|abbr=on}}), and [[Pen-y-ghent]] ({{convert|694|m|ft|abbr=on}}).<ref>{{cite web |title=Yorkshire Three Peaks Challenge |url=https://www.threepeakschallenge.uk/yorkshire-three-peaks-challenge/ |access-date=13 October 2023 |website=Yorkshire Three Peaks Challenge}}</ref> The extensive cave systems are a major area for caving in the UK.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.yorkshiredales.org.uk/visit-the-dales/get-outdoors-dales/adventure-activities/caving|date=1 March 2016 |publisher=Yorkshire Dales |title=Get Outdoors|access-date=12 January 2019 |quote=There are over 2500 known caves in the Dales including the longest system in Britain}}</ref>',
9 => ''
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65 => 'https://www.yorkshiredales.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2021/02/YDNP-LCA-Overview-Report-lo-res-2.pdf',
66 => 'https://www.yorkshiredales.org.uk/about/wildlife/habitats/freshwater/rivers-and-streams/',
67 => 'https://www.yorkshiredales.org.uk/things-to-do/get-outdoors/walking/',
68 => 'https://www.yorkshiredales.org.uk/things-to-do/get-outdoors/walking/long-distance/',
69 => 'https://www.threepeakschallenge.uk/yorkshire-three-peaks-challenge/'
] |
Parsed HTML source of the new revision (new_html) | '<div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Etymology"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Etymology</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Geography"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Geography</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Cultural_aspects"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Cultural aspects</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Tourism"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Tourism</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Geology"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Geology</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Cave_systems"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Cave systems</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Gallery"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Gallery</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a>
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<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Sources"><span class="tocnumber">9.1</span> <span class="toctext">Sources</span></a></li>
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<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Etymology">Etymology</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<p>The word <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dale_(landform)" title="Dale (landform)">dale</a></i>, like <i>dell</i>, is derived from the Old English word <i>dæl</i>. It has cognates in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/North_Germanic_languages" title="North Germanic languages">Nordic</a>/<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Germanic_languages" title="Germanic languages">Germanic</a> words for valley (<i>dal</i>, <i>tal</i>), and occurs in valley names across Yorkshire and Northern England.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup> Usage here may have been reinforced by Nordic languages during the time of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Danelaw" title="Danelaw">Danelaw</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup>
</p><p>Most of the dales are named after their river or stream (e.g., <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Arkengarthdale" title="Arkengarthdale">Arkengarthdale</a>, formed by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Arkle_Beck" title="Arkle Beck">Arkle Beck</a>). The best-known exception is <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wensleydale" title="Wensleydale">Wensleydale</a>, which is named after the small village and former market town of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wensley,_North_Yorkshire" title="Wensley, North Yorkshire">Wensley</a>, rather than the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/River_Ure" title="River Ure">River Ure</a>, although an older name for the dale is Yoredale.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup> River valleys all over <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yorkshire" title="Yorkshire">Yorkshire</a> are called "(name of river)+<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Valley" title="Valley">dale</a>"—but only the more northern valleys (and only the upper, rural, reaches) are included in the term "The Dales".<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Geography">Geography</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1033289096">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Yorkshire_Dales" title="List of Yorkshire Dales">List of Yorkshire Dales</a></div>
<p>The Yorkshire Dales are surrounded by the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/North_Pennines" title="North Pennines">North Pennines</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Orton_Fells" title="Orton Fells">Orton Fells</a> in the north, the Vales of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vale_of_York" title="Vale of York">York</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vale_of_Mowbray" title="Vale of Mowbray">Mowbray</a> in the east, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/South_Pennines" title="South Pennines">South Pennines</a> in the south, and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lake_District" title="Lake District">Lake District</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Howgill_Fells" title="Howgill Fells">Howgill Fells</a> to the west. They spread to the north from the market and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Spa_town" title="Spa town">spa towns</a> of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Settle,_North_Yorkshire" title="Settle, North Yorkshire">Settle</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Skipton" title="Skipton">Skipton</a>, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Harrogate" title="Harrogate">Harrogate</a> in North Yorkshire, to the southern boundary in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wharfedale" title="Wharfedale">Wharfedale</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Airedale" title="Airedale">Airedale</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Natural_England" title="Natural England">Natural England</a> define the area as most of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yorkshire_Dales_National_Park" title="Yorkshire Dales National Park">Yorkshire Dales National Park</a> with fringes of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nidderdale_AONB" title="Nidderdale AONB">Nidderdale AONB</a>, but without the towns listed above apart from Settle.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENE_2120133_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENE_2120133-5">[5]</a></sup>
</p><p>The lower reaches of Airedale and Wharfedale are not usually included in the area, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Calderdale" title="Calderdale">Calderdale</a>, south of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Airedale" title="Airedale">Airedale</a> and in the South Pennines, is not often considered part of the Dales (even though it is a dale, is in Yorkshire, and its upper reaches are as scenic and rural as many further north).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></sup> Additionally, although the National Park includes the Howgill Fells and Orton Fells,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></sup> they are not usually considered part of the Dales.
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<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Yorkshire_Dales_(near_Malham).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Yorkshire_Dales_%28near_Malham%29.jpg/220px-Yorkshire_Dales_%28near_Malham%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Yorkshire_Dales_%28near_Malham%29.jpg/330px-Yorkshire_Dales_%28near_Malham%29.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Yorkshire_Dales_%28near_Malham%29.jpg/440px-Yorkshire_Dales_%28near_Malham%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a><figcaption>A view near <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Malham" title="Malham">Malham</a>, on the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pennine_Bridleway" title="Pennine Bridleway">Pennine Bridleway</a></figcaption></figure>
<p>Most of the larger southern dales – Ribblesdale, Malhamdale and Airedale, Wharfedale and Nidderdale – run roughly parallel from north to south. The more northerly dales – Wensleydale and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Swaledale" title="Swaledale">Swaledale</a> – run generally from west to east.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENE_21201325_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENE_21201325-8">[8]</a></sup> There are many other smaller or lesser-known dales such as <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Arkengarthdale" title="Arkengarthdale">Arkengarthdale</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bishopdale,_North_Yorkshire" title="Bishopdale, North Yorkshire">Bishopdale</a>, Clapdale, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Coverdale_(dale)" class="mw-redirect" title="Coverdale (dale)">Coverdale</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kingsdale" title="Kingsdale">Kingsdale</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Littondale" title="Littondale">Littondale</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Langstrothdale" title="Langstrothdale">Langstrothdale</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Raydale" title="Raydale">Raydale</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Waldendale" class="mw-redirect" title="Waldendale">Waldendale</a> and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Washburn_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Washburn Valley">Washburn Valley</a> whose tributary streams and rivers feed into the larger valleys, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Barbondale" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbondale">Barbondale</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dentdale" title="Dentdale">Dentdale</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Deepdale" title="Deepdale">Deepdale</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Garsdale" title="Garsdale">Garsdale</a> which feed west to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/River_Lune" title="River Lune">River Lune</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></sup>
</p><p>The characteristic scenery of the Dales is green upland pastures separated by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dry-stone_wall" class="mw-redirect" title="Dry-stone wall">dry-stone walls</a> and grazed by sheep and cattle.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></sup> A survey carried out in 1988 estimated that there were just over 4,971 miles (8,000 km) of dry-stone walling in the Yorkshire Dales.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></sup> Many upland areas consist of heather moorland, used for <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Driven_grouse_shooting" title="Driven grouse shooting">grouse shooting</a> from 12 August (the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Glorious_Twelfth" title="Glorious Twelfth">Glorious Twelfth</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></sup>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Cultural_aspects">Cultural aspects</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Typical_yorkshire_village_B_9079.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Typical_yorkshire_village_B_9079.jpg/220px-Typical_yorkshire_village_B_9079.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Typical_yorkshire_village_B_9079.jpg/330px-Typical_yorkshire_village_B_9079.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Typical_yorkshire_village_B_9079.jpg/440px-Typical_yorkshire_village_B_9079.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1602" /></a><figcaption>A typical village (Gunnerside) in the Swaledale agricultural area of the Yorkshire Dales</figcaption></figure>
<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Field_barn_muker_9118.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Field_barn_muker_9118.jpg/220px-Field_barn_muker_9118.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Field_barn_muker_9118.jpg/330px-Field_barn_muker_9118.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Field_barn_muker_9118.jpg/440px-Field_barn_muker_9118.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1602" /></a><figcaption>Tourists approaching a field barn in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Muker" title="Muker">Muker</a></figcaption></figure>
<p>Much of the rural area is used for agriculture, with residents living in small villages and hamlets or in farmsteads. Miles of dry-stone walls and much of the traditional architecture have remained,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a></sup> including some field barns, though many are no longer in active use. Breeding of sheep and rearing of cattle remain common.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a></sup> To supplement their incomes, many farmers have diversified, with some providing accommodations for tourists.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a></sup> A number of agricultural shows are held each year.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a></sup>
</p><p>Lead mining was common in some areas of the Dales in the 19th century, particularly during 1821 to 1861, and some industrial remains can still be found, such as the Grassington miners' cottages.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a></sup> Certain former mining sites are maintained by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>. The Grassington Moor Lead Mining Trail, with its many remaining structures,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a></sup> has received funding from a variety of sources. The Yorkshire Dales National Park Authority provides a mobile-device software app for those who wish to explore the relevant areas.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a></sup>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Tourism">Tourism</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<p>In this primarily agricultural area, tourism has become an important contributor to the economy.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a></sup> In 2016, there were 3.8 million visits to the Yorkshire Dales National Park including 0.48 million who stayed at least one night. The park authority estimates that this contributed £252 million to the economy and provided 3,583 full-time equivalent jobs. The wider Yorkshire Dales area received 9.7 million visitors who contributed £644 million to the economy.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a></sup>
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<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Pub_bullshead_Hawes_177.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Pub_bullshead_Hawes_177.jpg/220px-Pub_bullshead_Hawes_177.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Pub_bullshead_Hawes_177.jpg/330px-Pub_bullshead_Hawes_177.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Pub_bullshead_Hawes_177.jpg/440px-Pub_bullshead_Hawes_177.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1602" /></a><figcaption>A traditional pub with rooms to let in Hawes, in the Dales of North Yorkshire</figcaption></figure>
<p>Visitors are often attracted by the hiking trails,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a></sup> including some that lead to waterfalls<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a></sup> and picturesque villages and small towns. These include <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kirkby_Lonsdale" title="Kirkby Lonsdale">Kirkby Lonsdale</a> (just outside the area), <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hawes" title="Hawes">Hawes</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Appletreewick" title="Appletreewick">Appletreewick</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Masham" title="Masham">Masham</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Clapham,_North_Yorkshire" title="Clapham, North Yorkshire">Clapham</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Long_Preston" title="Long Preston">Long Preston</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Malham" title="Malham">Malham</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a></sup>
</p><p>The 73-mile-long (117 km) <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Settle%E2%80%93Carlisle_line" title="Settle–Carlisle line">Settle–Carlisle line</a> railway, operated by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Network_Rail" title="Network Rail">Network Rail</a>, runs through the National Park using tunnels and viaducts, including Ribblehead.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a></sup>
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<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Aysgarth_Falls_9190.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Aysgarth_Falls_9190.jpg/220px-Aysgarth_Falls_9190.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Aysgarth_Falls_9190.jpg/330px-Aysgarth_Falls_9190.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Aysgarth_Falls_9190.jpg/440px-Aysgarth_Falls_9190.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>A small section of Aysgarth Falls</figcaption></figure>
<p>The top-rated attractions according to travellers using the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trip_Advisor" class="mw-redirect" title="Trip Advisor">Trip Advisor</a> site include <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aysgarth_Falls" title="Aysgarth Falls">Aysgarth Falls</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Malham_Cove" title="Malham Cove">Malham Cove</a> (scenic walking areas), <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ingleborough" title="Ingleborough">Ingleborough</a> (hiking trails) and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ribblehead_Viaduct" title="Ribblehead Viaduct">Ribblehead Viaduct</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a></sup>
</p><p>The DalesBus service provides service in the Dales on certain days in summer, "including the Yorkshire Dales National Park and Nidderdale Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty". In summer, these buses supplement the other services operating year-round in the Dales.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a></sup>
</p><p>Tourism in the region declined because of restrictions implemented in relation to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a> in 2020, and into 2021. Later in 2021, the volume of visits was expected to increase as a result of the 2020 TV series <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/All_Creatures_Great_and_Small_(2020_TV_series)" title="All Creatures Great and Small (2020 TV series)">All Creatures Great and Small</a></i>, largely filmed within the Dales.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a></sup> The first series aired in the UK in September 2020 and in the US in early 2021. One source stated that visits to Yorkshire websites had increased significantly by late September 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a></sup> By early 2021, the <i>Discover England</i> websites, for example, were using the tagline "Discover 'All Creatures Great and Small' in Yorkshire".<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a></sup>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Geology">Geology</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Geology_of_Yorkshire_Dales_National_Park" title="Geology of Yorkshire Dales National Park">Geology of Yorkshire Dales National Park</a></div>
<div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:1100px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Western_Face_of_Thwaites_scars.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cliffs of Carboniferous Limestone are a common geological feature in the Yorkshire Dales; this panoramic image shows the western face of Thwaites Scars taken from Long Lane."><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Western_Face_of_Thwaites_scars.jpg/1092px-Western_Face_of_Thwaites_scars.jpg" decoding="async" width="1092" height="350" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Western_Face_of_Thwaites_scars.jpg/1638px-Western_Face_of_Thwaites_scars.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Western_Face_of_Thwaites_scars.jpg/2184px-Western_Face_of_Thwaites_scars.jpg 2x" data-file-width="9358" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Western_Face_of_Thwaites_scars.jpg" title="File:Western Face of Thwaites scars.jpg"> </a></div>Cliffs of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Carboniferous_Limestone" title="Carboniferous Limestone">Carboniferous Limestone</a> are a common geological feature in the Yorkshire Dales; this <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Panoramic_image" class="mw-redirect" title="Panoramic image">panoramic image</a> shows the western face of <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Thwaites_Scars&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thwaites Scars (page does not exist)">Thwaites Scars</a> taken from Long Lane.</div></div></div>
<p>The dales are 'U'- and 'V'-shaped valleys, the former enlarged and shaped by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Glacier" title="Glacier">glaciers</a>, mainly in the most recent <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Devensian" class="mw-redirect" title="Devensian">Devensian</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ice_age" title="Ice age">ice age</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a></sup> The underlying rock is mainly <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Carboniferous_Limestone" title="Carboniferous Limestone">Carboniferous Limestone</a>, which results in a large areas of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Karst" title="Karst">karst</a> topography,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENE_2120133_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENE_2120133-5">[5]</a></sup> in places overlain with <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shale" title="Shale">shale</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sandstone" title="Sandstone">sandstone</a> and topped with <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Millstone_Grit" title="Millstone Grit">Millstone Grit</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENE_2120136_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENE_2120136-33">[33]</a></sup> although to the north and west of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dent_Fault" title="Dent Fault">Dent Fault</a><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a></sup> the hills are formed from older <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Silurian" title="Silurian">Silurian</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ordovician" title="Ordovician">Ordovician</a> rocks.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Cave_systems">Cave systems</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Gaping_Gill.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Gaping_Gill.jpg/220px-Gaping_Gill.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Gaping_Gill.jpg/330px-Gaping_Gill.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Gaping_Gill.jpg/440px-Gaping_Gill.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Gaping Gill</figcaption></figure>
<p>The underlying limestone in parts of the Dales has extensive cave systems, including the 54-mile-long (87 km) <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Three_Counties_System" title="Three Counties System">Three Counties System</a>, making it a major area for <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Caving" title="Caving">caving</a> in the UK. There are over 2500 known caves;<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a></sup> some are open to the public for tours.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a></sup> Visitors can try caving at one of the show caves: White Scar Cave, Ingleborough Cave or Stump Cross Caverns near Greenhow.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a></sup>
</p><p>The systems include:
</p>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gaping_Gill" title="Gaping Gill">Gaping Gill System</a><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alum_Pot" title="Alum Pot">Alum Pot</a> System<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mossdale_Caverns" title="Mossdale Caverns">Mossdale Caverns</a><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Leck_Fell" title="Leck Fell">Leck Fell Caves</a><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Easegill_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Easegill System">Easegill System</a><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/White_Scar_Caves" title="White Scar Caves">White Scar Caves</a> in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chapel-le-Dale_(valley)" title="Chapel-le-Dale (valley)">Chapel-le-Dale</a> near <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ingleton,_North_Yorkshire" title="Ingleton, North Yorkshire">Ingleton</a><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ingleborough_Cave" title="Ingleborough Cave">Ingleborough Cave</a><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a></sup> in Clapdale near <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Clapham,_North_Yorkshire" title="Clapham, North Yorkshire">Clapham</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stump_Cross_Caverns" title="Stump Cross Caverns">Stump Cross Caverns</a><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a></sup> near <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pateley_Bridge" title="Pateley Bridge">Pateley Bridge</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nidderdale_Caves" title="Nidderdale Caves">Goyden System</a> near <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pateley_Bridge" title="Pateley Bridge">Pateley Bridge</a><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a></sup></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Gallery">Gallery</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Dry_stone_fences_in_the_Yorkshire_Dales,_England.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dry stone fences in the Yorkshire Dales"><img alt="Dry stone fences in the Yorkshire Dales" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Dry_stone_fences_in_the_Yorkshire_Dales%2C_England.jpg/120px-Dry_stone_fences_in_the_Yorkshire_Dales%2C_England.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Dry_stone_fences_in_the_Yorkshire_Dales%2C_England.jpg/180px-Dry_stone_fences_in_the_Yorkshire_Dales%2C_England.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Dry_stone_fences_in_the_Yorkshire_Dales%2C_England.jpg/240px-Dry_stone_fences_in_the_Yorkshire_Dales%2C_England.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1602" /></a></span></div>
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<p>Dry stone fences in the Yorkshire Dales
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<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:High_Barn_-_geograph.org.uk_-_168529.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Typical Dales barn, near Selside"><img alt="Typical Dales barn, near Selside" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/High_Barn_-_geograph.org.uk_-_168529.jpg/120px-High_Barn_-_geograph.org.uk_-_168529.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/High_Barn_-_geograph.org.uk_-_168529.jpg/180px-High_Barn_-_geograph.org.uk_-_168529.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/High_Barn_-_geograph.org.uk_-_168529.jpg/240px-High_Barn_-_geograph.org.uk_-_168529.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="455" /></a></span></div>
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<p>Typical Dales barn, near <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Selside,_North_Yorkshire" title="Selside, North Yorkshire">Selside</a>
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<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Janet%27s_Foss_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Janet's Foss, near Malham"><img alt="Janet's Foss, near Malham" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Janet%27s_Foss_2.jpg/120px-Janet%27s_Foss_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Janet%27s_Foss_2.jpg/180px-Janet%27s_Foss_2.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Janet%27s_Foss_2.jpg/240px-Janet%27s_Foss_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div>
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<p>Janet's Foss, near <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Malham" title="Malham">Malham</a>
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<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Ingleborough_whole.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Ingleborough as seen from the peat bog below"><img alt="Ingleborough as seen from the peat bog below" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Ingleborough_whole.JPG/120px-Ingleborough_whole.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Ingleborough_whole.JPG/180px-Ingleborough_whole.JPG 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Ingleborough_whole.JPG/240px-Ingleborough_whole.JPG 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div>
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<p><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ingleborough" title="Ingleborough">Ingleborough</a> as seen from the peat bog below
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_peaks_in_the_Yorkshire_Dales" title="List of peaks in the Yorkshire Dales">List of peaks in the Yorkshire Dales</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/All_Creatures_Great_and_Small_(1978_TV_series)" title="All Creatures Great and Small (1978 TV series)">All Creatures Great and Small</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Emmerdale" title="Emmerdale">Emmerdale</a></i></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1011085734">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist">
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<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1133582631">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFEkwall1960" class="citation book cs1">Ekwall, Eilert (1960). <i>The concise Oxford dictionary of English place-names</i> (4 ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 138. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-869103-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-869103-3"><bdi>0-19-869103-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+concise+Oxford+dictionary+of+English+place-names&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=138&rft.edition=4&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1960&rft.isbn=0-19-869103-3&rft.aulast=Ekwall&rft.aufirst=Eilert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYorkshire+Dales" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFBooth2015" class="citation book cs1">Booth, Michael (2015). "Introduction". <i>The Almost Nearly Perfect People</i> (1 ed.). London: Vintage Books. p. 9. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780099546078" title="Special:BookSources/9780099546078"><bdi>9780099546078</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction&rft.btitle=The+Almost+Nearly+Perfect+People&rft.place=London&rft.pages=9&rft.edition=1&rft.pub=Vintage+Books&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9780099546078&rft.aulast=Booth&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYorkshire+Dales" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFRhea2010" class="citation news cs1">Rhea, Nicholas (5 November 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.darlingtonandstocktontimes.co.uk/weekend/countrymansdiary/8620446.Why_call_it_Wensleydale_/">"Why call it Wensleydale?"</a>. <i>Darlington and Stockton Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Darlington+and+Stockton+Times&rft.atitle=Why+call+it+Wensleydale%3F&rft.date=2010-11-05&rft.aulast=Rhea&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.darlingtonandstocktontimes.co.uk%2Fweekend%2Fcountrymansdiary%2F8620446.Why_call_it_Wensleydale_%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYorkshire+Dales" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yorkshiredales.net/guide/">"Yorkshire Dales guide – where, how and what"</a>. <i>yorkshiredales.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=yorkshiredales.net&rft.atitle=Yorkshire+Dales+guide+%E2%80%93+where%2C+how+and+what&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yorkshiredales.net%2Fguide%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYorkshire+Dales" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENE_2120133-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENE_2120133_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENE_2120133_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNE_212013">NE 21 2013</a>, p. 3.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yorkshiredales.co.uk/the-dales/">"The Dales – Yorkshire Dales"</a>. <i>yorkshiredales.co.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=yorkshiredales.co.uk&rft.atitle=The+Dales+%E2%80%93+Yorkshire+Dales&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yorkshiredales.co.uk%2Fthe-dales%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYorkshire+Dales" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFPidd2016" class="citation web cs1">Pidd, Helen (1 August 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/aug/01/yorkshire-dales-expand-lancashire-national-parks-extension-leck-fell">"Yorkshire Dales expand into Lancashire in national parks land grab"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Yorkshire+Dales+expand+into+Lancashire+in+national+parks+land+grab&rft.date=2016-08-01&rft.aulast=Pidd&rft.aufirst=Helen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fenvironment%2F2016%2Faug%2F01%2Fyorkshire-dales-expand-lancashire-national-parks-extension-leck-fell&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYorkshire+Dales" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENE_21201325-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENE_21201325_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNE_212013">NE 21 2013</a>, p. 25.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFChrystal2017" class="citation book cs1">Chrystal, Paul (2017). <i>The Place Names of Yorkshire; Cities, Towns, Villages, Rivers and Dales, some Pubs too, in Praise of Yorkshire Ales</i> (1 ed.). Catrine: Stenlake. pp. 102–104. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781840337532" title="Special:BookSources/9781840337532"><bdi>9781840337532</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Place+Names+of+Yorkshire%3B+Cities%2C+Towns%2C+Villages%2C+Rivers+and+Dales%2C+some+Pubs+too%2C+in+Praise+of+Yorkshire+Ales&rft.place=Catrine&rft.pages=102-104&rft.edition=1&rft.pub=Stenlake&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9781840337532&rft.aulast=Chrystal&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYorkshire+Dales" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bgs.ac.uk/discoveringGeology/geologyOfBritain/limestoneLandscapes/resourcesConflictsSustainability/managingEnvironment.html">"Managing the environment | Conflicts of land use | Limestone landscapes | Geology of Britain | British Geological Survey (BGS)"</a>. <i>bgs.ac.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bgs.ac.uk&rft.atitle=Managing+the+environment+%7C+Conflicts+of+land+use+%7C+Limestone+landscapes+%7C+Geology+of+Britain+%7C+British+Geological+Survey+%28BGS%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bgs.ac.uk%2FdiscoveringGeology%2FgeologyOfBritain%2FlimestoneLandscapes%2FresourcesConflictsSustainability%2FmanagingEnvironment.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYorkshire+Dales" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFLloyd2018" class="citation news cs1">Lloyd, Chris (7 December 2018). "A dale, from wall to hall". <i>Darlington & Stockton Times</i>. No. 49–2018. p. 35. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/2516-5348">2516-5348</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Darlington+%26+Stockton+Times&rft.atitle=A+dale%2C+from+wall+to+hall&rft.issue=49%E2%80%932018&rft.pages=35&rft.date=2018-12-07&rft.issn=2516-5348&rft.aulast=Lloyd&rft.aufirst=Chris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYorkshire+Dales" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/environment/warning-volleys-fired-as-war-of-words-erupts-over-grouse-shoot-1-8699083">"Warning volleys fired as war of words erupts over grouse shoot"</a>. <i>The Yorkshire Post</i>. 12 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Yorkshire+Post&rft.atitle=Warning+volleys+fired+as+war+of+words+erupts+over+grouse+shoot&rft.date=2017-08-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yorkshirepost.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fenvironment%2Fwarning-volleys-fired-as-war-of-words-erupts-over-grouse-shoot-1-8699083&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYorkshire+Dales" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yorkshirenet.co.uk/yorkshire-dales/landscape/">"Yorkshire Dales, Northern England – landscape and history"</a>. <i>Yorkshire Net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Yorkshire+Net&rft.atitle=Yorkshire+Dales%2C+Northern+England+%E2%80%93+landscape+and+history&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yorkshirenet.co.uk%2Fyorkshire-dales%2Flandscape%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYorkshire+Dales" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yorkshiredalesmanagementplan.org.uk/about-the-yorkshire-dales-national-park/special-qualities-of-the-yorkshire-dales-national-park">"Yorkshire Dales National Park – Special qualities of the Yorkshire Dales National Park"</a>. Yorkshire Dales National Park Authority<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Yorkshire+Dales+National+Park+%E2%80%93+Special+qualities+of+the+Yorkshire+Dales+National+Park&rft.pub=Yorkshire+Dales+National+Park+Authority&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yorkshiredalesmanagementplan.org.uk%2Fabout-the-yorkshire-dales-national-park%2Fspecial-qualities-of-the-yorkshire-dales-national-park&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYorkshire+Dales" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/education/clips/zhpd7ty">"Higher Geography – Yorkshire Dales – agriculture"</a>. BBC Bitesize<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Higher+Geography+%E2%80%93+Yorkshire+Dales+%E2%80%93+agriculture&rft.pub=BBC+Bitesize&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Feducation%2Fclips%2Fzhpd7ty&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYorkshire+Dales" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yorkshirenet.co.uk/yorkshire-attractions/agricultural-shows/">"Yorkshire Agricultural Shows Guide"</a>. <i>Yorkshire Net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Yorkshire+Net&rft.atitle=Yorkshire+Agricultural+Shows+Guide&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yorkshirenet.co.uk%2Fyorkshire-attractions%2Fagricultural-shows%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYorkshire+Dales" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFWainwright2010" class="citation web cs1">Wainwright, Martin (4 August 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2010/aug/04/yorkshire-dales-mine-site-preserved">"Historic Yorkshire Dales lead mine site to be preserved"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Historic+Yorkshire+Dales+lead+mine+site+to+be+preserved&rft.date=2010-08-04&rft.aulast=Wainwright&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fenvironment%2F2010%2Faug%2F04%2Fyorkshire-dales-mine-site-preserved&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYorkshire+Dales" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thedevonshiregrassington.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/tt_grassington_walk_2018.pdf">"A walk from The Devonshire, Grassington"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Wharfedale wander</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wharfedale+wander&rft.atitle=A+walk+from+The+Devonshire%2C+Grassington&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedevonshiregrassington.co.uk%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2018%2F02%2Ftt_grassington_walk_2018.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYorkshire+Dales" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yorkshiredales.org.uk/living-and-working/other-services/press-office/news/recent/new-app-helps-lead-mining-come-to-life-in-national-park">"New app helps lead mining come to life in National Park"</a>. Yorkshire Dales National Park Authority<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+app+helps+lead+mining+come+to+life+in+National+Park&rft.pub=Yorkshire+Dales+National+Park+Authority&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yorkshiredales.org.uk%2Fliving-and-working%2Fother-services%2Fpress-office%2Fnews%2Frecent%2Fnew-app-helps-lead-mining-come-to-life-in-national-park&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYorkshire+Dales" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yorkshiredales.org.uk/looking-after/achievingourvision/economy">"Economy"</a>. Yorkshire Dales National Park Authority<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Economy&rft.pub=Yorkshire+Dales+National+Park+Authority&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yorkshiredales.org.uk%2Flooking-after%2Fachievingourvision%2Feconomy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYorkshire+Dales" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yorkshiredales.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/764708/Trends-in-tourism-in-the-Yorkshire-Dales_2010-16.pdf">"Trends in tourism in the Yorkshire Dales 2010 to 2016"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Trends+in+tourism+in+the+Yorkshire+Dales+2010+to+2016&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yorkshiredales.org.uk%2F__data%2Fassets%2Fpdf_file%2F0005%2F764708%2FTrends-in-tourism-in-the-Yorkshire-Dales_2010-16.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYorkshire+Dales" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFLavelle" class="citation web cs1">Lavelle, Emma. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theculturetrip.com/europe/united-kingdom/england/articles/the-best-hikes-to-take-in-the-yorkshire-dales/">"The Best Hikes to Take in the Yorkshire Dales"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Best+Hikes+to+Take+in+the+Yorkshire+Dales&rft.aulast=Lavelle&rft.aufirst=Emma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheculturetrip.com%2Feurope%2Funited-kingdom%2Fengland%2Farticles%2Fthe-best-hikes-to-take-in-the-yorkshire-dales%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYorkshire+Dales" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFLavelle2017" class="citation web cs1">Lavelle, Emma (31 August 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theculturetrip.com/europe/united-kingdom/england/articles/seven-dramatic-waterfalls-you-have-to-see-in-the-yorkshire-dales/">"Seven Dramatic Waterfalls You Have to See in the Yorkshire Dales"</a>. <i>The Culture Trip</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Culture+Trip&rft.atitle=Seven+Dramatic+Waterfalls+You+Have+to+See+in+the+Yorkshire+Dales&rft.date=2017-08-31&rft.aulast=Lavelle&rft.aufirst=Emma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheculturetrip.com%2Feurope%2Funited-kingdom%2Fengland%2Farticles%2Fseven-dramatic-waterfalls-you-have-to-see-in-the-yorkshire-dales%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYorkshire+Dales" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFLavelle2017" class="citation web cs1">Lavelle, Emma (18 December 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theculturetrip.com/europe/united-kingdom/england/articles/the-most-beautiful-villages-in-englands-yorkshire-dales/">"The Most Beautiful Villages in England's Yorkshire Dales"</a>. <i>The Culture Trip</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Culture+Trip&rft.atitle=The+Most+Beautiful+Villages+in+England%27s+Yorkshire+Dales&rft.date=2017-12-18&rft.aulast=Lavelle&rft.aufirst=Emma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheculturetrip.com%2Feurope%2Funited-kingdom%2Fengland%2Farticles%2Fthe-most-beautiful-villages-in-englands-yorkshire-dales%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYorkshire+Dales" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tripadvisor.ca/Attractions-g186347-Activities-Yorkshire_Dales_National_Park_North_Yorkshire_England.html">"Attractions"</a>. Trip Advisor<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Attractions&rft.pub=Trip+Advisor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tripadvisor.ca%2FAttractions-g186347-Activities-Yorkshire_Dales_National_Park_North_Yorkshire_England.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYorkshire+Dales" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dalesbus.org/">"Welcome to DalesBus"</a>. <i>DalesBus – Public Transport in the Yorkshire Dales</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DalesBus+%E2%80%93+Public+Transport+in+the+Yorkshire+Dales&rft.atitle=Welcome+to+DalesBus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dalesbus.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYorkshire+Dales" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dalesbus.org/news.html">"Latest News"</a>. <i>DalesBus – Public Transport in the Yorkshire Dales</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DalesBus+%E2%80%93+Public+Transport+in+the+Yorkshire+Dales&rft.atitle=Latest+News&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dalesbus.org%2Fnews.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYorkshire+Dales" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/people/how-yorkshire-dales-businesses-are-preparing-all-creatures-great-and-small-tourism-boom-eventually-2971327">"How Yorkshire Dales businesses are preparing for All Creatures Great and Small tourism boom... eventually"</a>. <i>The Yorkshire Post</i>. 15 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 March</span> 2021</span>. <q>He says this year has been extremely challenging for many businesses in the Dales. In the tourism business, it has been a disaster</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Yorkshire+Post&rft.atitle=How+Yorkshire+Dales+businesses+are+preparing+for+All+Creatures+Great+and+Small+tourism+boom...+eventually&rft.date=2020-09-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yorkshirepost.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fpeople%2Fhow-yorkshire-dales-businesses-are-preparing-all-creatures-great-and-small-tourism-boom-eventually-2971327&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYorkshire+Dales" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.examinerlive.co.uk/whats-on/whats-on-news/new-creatures-great-small-brings-18988628">"New All Creatures Great and Small brings a huge increase in Yorkshire tourism"</a>. <i>Examiner</i>. 24 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Examiner&rft.atitle=New+All+Creatures+Great+and+Small+brings+a+huge+increase+in+Yorkshire+tourism&rft.date=2020-09-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.examinerlive.co.uk%2Fwhats-on%2Fwhats-on-news%2Fnew-creatures-great-small-brings-18988628&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYorkshire+Dales" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.visitengland.com/experience/discover-all-creatures-great-and-small-yorkshire">"Discover 'All Creatures Great and Small' in Yorkshire"</a>. <i>British Tourist Authority</i>. 24 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Tourist+Authority&rft.atitle=Discover+%27All+Creatures+Great+and+Small%27+in+Yorkshire&rft.date=2020-10-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.visitengland.com%2Fexperience%2Fdiscover-all-creatures-great-and-small-yorkshire&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYorkshire+Dales" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFAshbourn2011" class="citation book cs1">Ashbourn, Julian (2011). <span class="cs1-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/geologicallandsc00ashb"><i>Geological landscapes of Britain</i></a></span> (1 ed.). Dordrecht: Springer. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/geologicallandsc00ashb/page/n157">143</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-481-8860-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-481-8860-4"><bdi>978-90-481-8860-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Geological+landscapes+of+Britain&rft.place=Dordrecht&rft.pages=143&rft.edition=1&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-90-481-8860-4&rft.aulast=Ashbourn&rft.aufirst=Julian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgeologicallandsc00ashb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYorkshire+Dales" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENE_2120136-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENE_2120136_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNE_212013">NE 21 2013</a>, p. 6.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFUnderhillGayerWoodcockDonnelly1988" class="citation journal cs1">Underhill, J. R.; Gayer, R. A.; Woodcock, N. H.; Donnelly, R.; Jolley, E. J.; Stimpson, I. G. (1 April 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jgs.lyellcollection.org/content/145/2/303">"The Dent Fault System, northern England—reinterpreted as a major oblique-slip fault zone"</a>. <i>Journal of the Geological Society</i>. <b>145</b> (2): 303–316. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1988JGSoc.145..303U">1988JGSoc.145..303U</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1144%2Fgsjgs.145.2.0303">10.1144/gsjgs.145.2.0303</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:129186311">129186311</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Geological+Society&rft.atitle=The+Dent+Fault+System%2C+northern+England%E2%80%94reinterpreted+as+a+major+oblique-slip+fault+zone&rft.volume=145&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=303-316&rft.date=1988-04-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A129186311%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1144%2Fgsjgs.145.2.0303&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1988JGSoc.145..303U&rft.aulast=Underhill&rft.aufirst=J.+R.&rft.au=Gayer%2C+R.+A.&rft.au=Woodcock%2C+N.+H.&rft.au=Donnelly%2C+R.&rft.au=Jolley%2C+E.+J.&rft.au=Stimpson%2C+I.+G.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjgs.lyellcollection.org%2Fcontent%2F145%2F2%2F303&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYorkshire+Dales" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.outofoblivion.org.uk/geology.asp">"Out of Oblivion: A landscape through time"</a>. <i>outofoblivion.org.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=outofoblivion.org.uk&rft.atitle=Out+of+Oblivion%3A+A+landscape+through+time&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.outofoblivion.org.uk%2Fgeology.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYorkshire+Dales" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bgs.ac.uk/discoveringGeology/geologyOfBritain/limestoneLandscapes/limestoneTopography/Gorges.html">"Gorges | Topographical features created by erosion | Limestone topography | Limestone landscapes | Geology of Britain | British Geological Survey (BGS)"</a>. <i>bgs.ac.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bgs.ac.uk&rft.atitle=Gorges+%7C+Topographical+features+created+by+erosion+%7C+Limestone+topography+%7C+Limestone+landscapes+%7C+Geology+of+Britain+%7C+British+Geological+Survey+%28BGS%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bgs.ac.uk%2FdiscoveringGeology%2FgeologyOfBritain%2FlimestoneLandscapes%2FlimestoneTopography%2FGorges.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYorkshire+Dales" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yorkshiredales.org.uk/things-to-do/get-outdoors/adventure-activities/caving/">"Caving"</a>. <i>Yorkshire Dales National Park</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 November</span> 2022</span>. <q>There are over 2500 known caves in the Dales including the longest system in Britain</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Yorkshire+Dales+National+Park&rft.atitle=Caving&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yorkshiredales.org.uk%2Fthings-to-do%2Fget-outdoors%2Fadventure-activities%2Fcaving%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYorkshire+Dales" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110906111433/http://www.yorkshire.com/outdoors/rocksports/caving-and-show-caves">"Caves and Caving in the Yorkshire Dales"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yorkshire.com/outdoors/rocksports/caving-and-show-caves">the original</a> on 6 September 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Caves+and+Caving+in+the+Yorkshire+Dales&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yorkshire.com%2Foutdoors%2Frocksports%2Fcaving-and-show-caves&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYorkshire+Dales" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yorkshiredales.org.uk/visit-the-dales/things-to-see-and-do/top-10-places-to-see/our-show-caves">"Our show caves"</a>. Yorkshire Dales. 1 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Our+show+caves&rft.pub=Yorkshire+Dales&rft.date=2016-03-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yorkshiredales.org.uk%2Fvisit-the-dales%2Fthings-to-see-and-do%2Ftop-10-places-to-see%2Four-show-caves&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYorkshire+Dales" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFKrol2015" class="citation news cs1">Krol, Charlotte (26 May 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150526190131/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/lifestyle/wellbeing/outdoors/11630162/Potholers-winched-inside-epic-Gaping-Gill-cave-for-first-time.html">"Yorkshire cave twice the height of Niagara Falls open to public for abseiling"</a>. <i>The Telegraph</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/lifestyle/wellbeing/outdoors/11630162/Potholers-winched-inside-epic-Gaping-Gill-cave-for-first-time.html">the original</a> on 26 May 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Yorkshire+cave+twice+the+height+of+Niagara+Falls+open+to+public+for+abseiling&rft.date=2015-05-26&rft.aulast=Krol&rft.aufirst=Charlotte&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Flifestyle%2Fwellbeing%2Foutdoors%2F11630162%2FPotholers-winched-inside-epic-Gaping-Gill-cave-for-first-time.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYorkshire+Dales" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFWard2007" class="citation news cs1">Ward, David (29 December 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2007/dec/29/uknews4.mainsection3">"Man and woman found drowned in flooded cave"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Man+and+woman+found+drowned+in+flooded+cave&rft.date=2007-12-29&rft.aulast=Ward&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fuk%2F2007%2Fdec%2F29%2Fuknews4.mainsection3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYorkshire+Dales" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation news cs1"><span class="cs1-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/what-lies-beneath-mossdale-caving-disaster-794268.html">"What lies beneath: Mossdale caving disaster"</a></span>. <i>The Independent</i>. 15 March 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220507/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/what-lies-beneath-mossdale-caving-disaster-794268.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=What+lies+beneath%3A+Mossdale+caving+disaster&rft.date=2008-03-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Fthis-britain%2Fwhat-lies-beneath-mossdale-caving-disaster-794268.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYorkshire+Dales" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFHolmes2016" class="citation news cs1">Holmes, Matthew (4 August 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/gallery/2016/aug/04/your-pictures-of-the-newly-enlarged-yorkshire-dales-and-lake-district">"Your pictures of the newly enlarged Yorkshire Dales and Lake District"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Your+pictures+of+the+newly+enlarged+Yorkshire+Dales+and+Lake+District&rft.date=2016-08-04&rft.aulast=Holmes&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fenvironment%2Fgallery%2F2016%2Faug%2F04%2Fyour-pictures-of-the-newly-enlarged-yorkshire-dales-and-lake-district&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYorkshire+Dales" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yorkshiredales.org.uk/visit-the-dales/discover-the-dales/caves-and-potholes/ease-gill-system">"Three Counties system"</a>. <i>yorkshiredales.org.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=yorkshiredales.org.uk&rft.atitle=Three+Counties+system&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yorkshiredales.org.uk%2Fvisit-the-dales%2Fdiscover-the-dales%2Fcaves-and-potholes%2Fease-gill-system&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYorkshire+Dales" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081019003419/http://www.whitescarcave.co.uk/frame.htm">"White Scar Caves"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whitescarcave.co.uk/frame.htm">the original</a> on 19 October 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=White+Scar+Caves&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.whitescarcave.co.uk%2Fframe.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYorkshire+Dales" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ingleboroughcave.co.uk/">"Welcome to Ingleborough Cave"</a>. <i>Ingleboroughcave.co.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ingleboroughcave.co.uk&rft.atitle=Welcome+to+Ingleborough+Cave&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fingleboroughcave.co.uk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYorkshire+Dales" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stumpcrosscaverns.co.uk/">"Stump Cross Caverns"</a>. <i>Stumpcrosscaverns.co.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stumpcrosscaverns.co.uk&rft.atitle=Stump+Cross+Caverns&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stumpcrosscaverns.co.uk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYorkshire+Dales" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFDooks2005" class="citation news cs1">Dooks, Brian (16 November 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/tranquillity-returns-to-site-that-claimed-a-young-boy-s-life-1-2590339">"Tranquillity returns to site that claimed a young boy's life"</a>. <i>The Yorkshire Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Yorkshire+Post&rft.atitle=Tranquillity+returns+to+site+that+claimed+a+young+boy%27s+life&rft.date=2005-11-16&rft.aulast=Dooks&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yorkshirepost.co.uk%2Fnews%2Ftranquillity-returns-to-site-that-claimed-a-young-boy-s-life-1-2590339&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYorkshire+Dales" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
</ol></div></div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Sources">Sources</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1133582631"><cite id="CITEREFNE_212013" class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://publications.naturalengland.org.uk/publication/4674002?category=587130">NCA Profile: 21. Yorkshire Dales (NE399)</a> (Report). Natural England. 13 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=NCA+Profile%3A+21.+Yorkshire+Dales+%28NE399%29&rft.pub=Natural+England&rft.date=2013-01-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpublications.naturalengland.org.uk%2Fpublication%2F4674002%3Fcategory%3D587130&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYorkshire+Dales" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Yorkshire_Dales" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Yorkshire Dales">Yorkshire Dales</a></span>.</div></div>
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<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Yorkshire_Dales#Q977613" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Yorkshire Dales">Yorkshire Dales</a></b></i>.</div></div>
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<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yorkshiredales.org.uk/">Yorkshire Dales National Park Authority</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yorkshiredales.co.uk/">Yorkshire Dales Community Pages</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yds.org.uk">Yorkshire Dales Society</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060810180434/http://www.yds.org.uk/">Archived</a> 10 August 2006 at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yorkshire.com/yorkshire-dales/">Yorkshire Dales</a> in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Welcome_to_Yorkshire" title="Welcome to Yorkshire">Welcome to Yorkshire</a></li></ul>
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Yorkshire Dales"><abbr title="View this template" style="background:#F7F5FF;;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Valleys_and_settlements_in_the_Yorkshire_Dales" title="Template talk:Valleys and settlements in the Yorkshire Dales"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="background:#F7F5FF;;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Valleys_and_settlements_in_the_Yorkshire_Dales" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Valleys and settlements in the Yorkshire Dales"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="background:#F7F5FF;;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Valleys_and_settlements_in_the_Yorkshire_Dales" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Valleys and settlements in the <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Yorkshire Dales</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#F7F5FF;;width:1%">Dales</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Airedale" title="Airedale">Airedale</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Arkengarthdale" title="Arkengarthdale">Arkengarthdale</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Barbondale" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbondale">Barbondale</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Birkdale,_North_Yorkshire" title="Birkdale, North Yorkshire">Birkdale</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bishopdale,_North_Yorkshire" title="Bishopdale, North Yorkshire">Bishopdale</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chapel-le-Dale_(valley)" title="Chapel-le-Dale (valley)">Chapel-le-Dale</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Clapdale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clapdale (page does not exist)">Clapdale</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Coverdale,_North_Yorkshire" title="Coverdale, North Yorkshire">Coverdale</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Deepdale,_Cumbria" title="Deepdale, Cumbria">Deepdale</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dentdale" title="Dentdale">Dentdale</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Garsdale" title="Garsdale">Garsdale</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kingsdale" title="Kingsdale">Kingsdale</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Langstrothdale" title="Langstrothdale">Langstrothdale</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Littondale" title="Littondale">Littondale</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Malhamdale" class="mw-redirect" title="Malhamdale">Malhamdale</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nidderdale" title="Nidderdale">Nidderdale</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Raydale" title="Raydale">Raydale</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ribblesdale" title="Ribblesdale">Ribblesdale</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Swaledale" title="Swaledale">Swaledale</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Waldendale" class="mw-redirect" title="Waldendale">Waldendale</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wensleydale" title="Wensleydale">Wensleydale</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wharfedale" title="Wharfedale">Wharfedale</a></li></ul>
</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:2015_Swaledale_from_Kisdon_Hill.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/2015_Swaledale_from_Kisdon_Hill.jpg/125px-2015_Swaledale_from_Kisdon_Hill.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/2015_Swaledale_from_Kisdon_Hill.jpg/188px-2015_Swaledale_from_Kisdon_Hill.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/2015_Swaledale_from_Kisdon_Hill.jpg/250px-2015_Swaledale_from_Kisdon_Hill.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3072" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#F7F5FF;;width:1%">Major settlements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hawes" title="Hawes">Hawes</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ingleton,_North_Yorkshire" title="Ingleton, North Yorkshire">Ingleton</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Leyburn" title="Leyburn">Leyburn</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Middleham" title="Middleham">Middleham</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pateley_Bridge" title="Pateley Bridge">Pateley Bridge</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Reeth" title="Reeth">Reeth</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sedbergh" title="Sedbergh">Sedbergh</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Settle,_North_Yorkshire" title="Settle, North Yorkshire">Settle</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#F7F5FF;;width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yorkshire_Dales_National_Park" title="Yorkshire Dales National Park">Yorkshire Dales National Park</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nidderdale_AONB" title="Nidderdale AONB">Nidderdale AONB</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Geology_of_Yorkshire_Dales_National_Park" title="Geology of Yorkshire Dales National Park">Geology of Yorkshire Dales National Park</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q977613#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q977613#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q977613#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/168273932">VIAF</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007531988005171">Israel</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85149229">United States</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Národní park Yorkshire Dales (Anglie)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge1161297&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Yorkshire_Dales&params=54_16_N_2_05_W_region:GB_type:landmark_source:dewiki"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">54°16′N</span> <span class="longitude">2°05′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">54.267°N 2.083°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">54.267; -2.083</span></span></span></a></span></span>
</p></div>' |
Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node) | false |
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp) | '1700748935' |
