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Old page wikitext, before the edit (old_wikitext) | '{{Short description|Seat of the Parliament of India in New Delhi}}
{{pp-move-dispute|small=yes}}
{{Redirect|Sansad Bhavan|Old Parliament House|Old Parliament House, New Delhi}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Infobox building
| name = The Parliament House
| native_name = Sansad Bhavan
| native_name_lang = sa
| former_names = New Parliament House
| image = Parliament_Building_India.jpg
| image_size = 250px
| caption = The Parliament House of India
| status =
| building_type = Parliament building
| location =
| address = 118, Rafi Marg, [[New Delhi]], [[Delhi]]
| location_town = [[New Delhi]]
| location_country = {{flag|India}}
| coordinates = {{Coord|28|37|02|N|77|12|36|E|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| groundbreaking_date = 1 October 2020
| start_date =
| stop_date =
| completion_date = 28 May 2023
| opened_date = 19 September 2023
| inauguration_date =
| cost = <!-- The govt has not declared official figure yet. So please refrain from adding until you can cite your source -->
| client = [[Central Public Works Department]]
| owner = [[Government of India]]
| landlord =
| current_tenants = [[Parliament of India]]
| height = 39.6 metres
| floor_count = 4<ref name="TOIDec20"/>
| public_transit = {{ric|Delhi Metro}} [[Central Secretariat metro station|Central Secretariat]]
| floor_area =
| grounds_area = {{cvt|65,000|sqm}}<ref>{{Cite news|url = https://m.timesofindia.com/india/new-parliament-building-all-you-need-to-know/amp_articleshow/79588951.cms|title = Parliament building India: All you need to know about Cost, Design, Plan and Architecture of New Parliament building | India News - Times of India|website = [[The Times of India]]|date = 10 December 2020|access-date = 20 January 2022|archive-date = 21 December 2020|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201221192054/https://m.timesofindia.com/india/new-parliament-building-all-you-need-to-know/amp_articleshow/79588951.cms|url-status = live}}</ref>
| architect = [[Bimal Patel (architect)|Bimal Patel]]
| architecture_firm = HCP Design, Planning and Management Pvt. Ltd.
| main_contractor = [[Tata Projects|Tata Projects Ltd.]]
| logo =
| seating_capacity = 1,272<br/>([[Lok Sabha]] chamber: 888<br/>[[Rajya Sabha]] chamber: 384)
| website = {{URL|https://sansad.in/poi|sansad.in}}
}}
The '''Parliament House''' ([[International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration|IAST]]: ''Sansad Bhavan'') in [[New Delhi]] is the seat of the [[Parliament of India]]. It houses the [[Lok Sabha]] and the [[Rajya Sabha]], which are [[Lower house|lower]] and [[upper house]]s respectively in India's [[Bicameralism|bicameral]] parliament.
As part of India's [[Central Vista Redevelopment Project]], a new parliament building was constructed in [[New Delhi]]. It was inaugurated on 28 May 2023 by [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] [[Narendra Modi]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=PTI |date=2023-05-26 |title=New Parliament building will make every Indian proud, says PM Modi |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/new-parliament-building-will-make-every-indian-proud-says-pm-modi/article66896965.ece |access-date=2023-12-15 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
It is located on Rafi Marg, which crosses the Central Vista and is surrounded by the [[Old Parliament House, New Delhi|Old Parliament House]], Vijay Chowk, [[India Gate]], [[National War Memorial (India)|National War Memorial]], [[Vice President's House, New Delhi|Vice President's House]], [[Hyderabad House]], [[Secretariat Building, New Delhi|Secretariat Building]], [[Prime Minister's Office (India)|Prime Minister's Office]] and [[7, Lok Kalyan Marg|residence]], [[Secretariat Building, New Delhi|ministerial buildings]] and other administrative units of the Indian government.
The New Parliament House was first used for official business on 19 September 2023 during the Parliament Special Session,<ref>{{cite news |title=How the new Parliament building is readying for special session |url=https://www.firstpost.com/explainers/new-parliament-building-special-session-19-september-ganesh-chaturthi-puja-13114192.html |access-date=14 September 2023 |work=Firstpost |date=12 September 2023 |language=en}}</ref> with the name designation [[Parliament of India]].
==Background==
Proposals for a new parliament building to replace the existing complex emerged in the early 2010s due to stability concerns with the older structure.<ref name="TOI12">{{cite news|title=Delhi may see a new Parliament building|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-07-13/india/32662416_1_heritage-building-parliament-house-mantralaya-fire|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120715063551/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-07-13/india/32662416_1_heritage-building-parliament-house-mantralaya-fire|url-status=dead|archive-date=15 July 2012|access-date=13 December 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=13 July 2012}}</ref> A committee to suggest several alternatives to the current building was set up by the [[Speaker of the Lok Sabha|then-Speaker]] [[Meira Kumar]] in 2012. The original building, a 93-year-old structure, suffered from inadequate space for house members and their staff and design changes that put its structural stability at risk as it wasn't earthquake-proof. Despite this, the building is important to India's national heritage, and plans are in place to protect the structure.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |author=Firstpost |url=http://www.firstpost.com/india/speaker-sets-up-panel-to-suggest-new-home-for-parliament-377345.html |title=Speaker sets up panel to suggest new home for Parliament |publisher=Firstpost |date=13 July 2012 |access-date=15 August 2012 |archive-date=11 August 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120811003217/http://www.firstpost.com/india/speaker-sets-up-panel-to-suggest-new-home-for-parliament-377345.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
==Commencement==
In 2019, the Indian government launched the Central Vista Redevelopment Project, which included the construction of a new parliament building along with other projects in New Delhi, including revamping [[Rajpath|Kartavya Path]], construction of a new residence for the vice president, a new office and residence for the prime minister and combining all ministerial buildings in a single central secretariat.<ref name=":1">{{cite news |last1=Srivastava |first1=Ritesh |title=What is 'Central Vista' and why it is being opposed; Zee explains the controversial project |url=https://zeenews.india.com/india/what-is-central-vista-and-why-it-is-being-opposed-zee-explains-the-controversial-project-2361620.html |access-date=6 June 2021 |work=Zee News |date=13 May 2021 |language=en |archive-date=6 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210606205623/https://zeenews.india.com/india/what-is-central-vista-and-why-it-is-being-opposed-zee-explains-the-controversial-project-2361620.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
The groundbreaking ceremony for the construction was held in October 2020, and the foundation stone was laid by Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]], on 10 December 2020.<ref name=":2">{{cite web|date=1 October 2020|title=Groundwork for new Parliament Building Begins, To be completed in 22 Months|url=https://www.bloombergquint.com/politics/groundwork-for-new-parliament-building-begins-to-be-completed-in-22-months|via=www.bloombergquint.com|access-date=6 March 2021|archive-date=25 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201025204253/https://www.bloombergquint.com/politics/groundwork-for-new-parliament-building-begins-to-be-completed-in-22-months|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="TIEDec">{{Cite news|last=Mathew|first=Liz|date=6 December 2020|title=PM Modi to lay foundation stone for new Parliament building on December 10|newspaper=The Indian Express|location=New Delhi|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/pm-modi-to-lay-foundation-stone-for-new-parliament-building-on-december-10-7093362/|access-date=6 December 2020|archive-date=6 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201206014717/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/pm-modi-to-lay-foundation-stone-for-new-parliament-building-on-december-10-7093362/|url-status=live}}</ref> The ceremony included an interfaith prayer service performed by religious leaders.<ref name=":3">{{cite news |date=10 December 2020 |title='Historic Day': PM Modi After Laying Foundation of New Parliament |language=en |work=TheQuint |url=https://www.thequint.com/news/breaking-news/new-parliament-building-central-vista-groundbreaking-foundation-stone-laying-ceremony-live-updates |url-status=live |access-date=10 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201210035754/https://www.thequint.com/news/breaking-news/new-parliament-building-central-vista-groundbreaking-foundation-stone-laying-ceremony-live-updates |archive-date=10 December 2020}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=Religious leaders perform 'Sarva Dharma Prarthana' at foundation stone laying ceremony of new Parliament building |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/religious-leaders-perform-sarva-dharma-prarthana-at-foundation-stone-laying-ceremony-of-new-parliament-building20201210140451/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210130024253/https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/religious-leaders-perform-sarva-dharma-prarthana-at-foundation-stone-laying-ceremony-of-new-parliament-building20201210140451/ |archive-date=30 January 2021 |access-date=6 March 2021 |website=ANI News |language=en}}</ref>
Although the laying of the foundation stone was allowed, a bench led by Justice [[Ajay Manikrao Khanwilkar|A. M. Khanwilkar]] of the [[Supreme Court of India]] put a hold on the Central Vista Redevelopment Project until the resolution of pleas received against the project in the court.<ref name="Stay20">{{Cite news|date=7 December 2020|title=Supreme Court allows foundation-laying ceremony for new Parliament building|newspaper=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/supreme-court-allows-foundation-laying-ceremony-for-new-parliament-building/article33268303.ece|access-date=8 December 2020|archive-date=7 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207235729/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/supreme-court-allows-foundation-laying-ceremony-for-new-parliament-building/article33268303.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> The project was cleared in a majority judgment of the Supreme Court in January 2021, with riders for environmental concerns, and work on the building was begun.<ref>{{cite news|date=5 January 2021|title=Supreme Court clears redevelopment plan for Central Vista project|language=en|work=Hindustan Times|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/supreme-court-clears-redevelopment-plan-for-central-vista-project/story-SZgVS5fOQrSQxTRT7bQmmO.html|access-date=5 January 2021|archive-date=5 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210105051656/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/supreme-court-clears-redevelopment-plan-for-central-vista-project/story-SZgVS5fOQrSQxTRT7bQmmO.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
==Description==
The [[Old Parliament House, New Delhi|old parliament]] architecture built in 1927 was designed by the British architects [[Sir Edwin Lutyens]] and [[Sir Herbert Baker]];<ref>{{cite web |last=Ghosal |first=Jayanta |title=Sansad Bhavan to be revamped; all MPs to get separate offices |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/sansad-bhavan-mps-room-parliament-house-building-modi-vision-552852 |publisher=India TV |access-date=26 October 2020 |date=27 September 2019}}</ref> and it was largely [[Yogini temples#Influence|influenced]] by [[Hindus|Hindu]] [[Chausath Yogini Temple, Mitaoli]].<ref name="Dey 2019">{{cite news |last=Dey |first=Monidipa |title=Temples which inspired design of Indian Parliament: Madhya Pradesh's Chausath Yogini Mandir |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/lifestyle/travel-tourism/temples-which-inspired-design-of-indian-parliament-madhya-pradeshs-chausath-yogini-mandir/1575446/ |access-date=26 October 2020 |work=Financial Express (India) |date=11 May 2019}}</ref><ref name=Paper>{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-opinion/government-should-have-confidence-in-this-house/article3744277.ece |title=Government should have confidence in this House |date=9 August 2012 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180320164842/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-opinion/government-should-have-confidence-in-this-house/article3744277.ece|archive-date=20 March 2018}}</ref>
The new complex has a hexagonal shape and it is built next to the existing complex and is almost equal in size to the former one.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Nidhi Sharma|date=16 January 2020|title=New parliament plan: Twin-sharing seat, many aisles|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/new-parliament-plan-twin-sharing-seat-many-aisles/articleshow/73287116.cms|access-date=1 February 2020|archive-date=11 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200911143912/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/new-parliament-plan-twin-sharing-seat-many-aisles/articleshow/73287116.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Arnab Dutta|date=16 January 2020|title=New PM house, PMO & Parliament before 2024; ministries along central vista|url=https://wap.business-standard.com/article-amp/economy-policy/new-pm-house-pmo-parliament-before-2024-ministries-along-central-vista-120011600060_1.html|access-date=1 February 2020|archive-date=1 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200201080311/https://wap.business-standard.com/article-amp/economy-policy/new-pm-house-pmo-parliament-before-2024-ministries-along-central-vista-120011600060_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="HT20">{{Cite news|author=Anisha Dutta|date=31 January 2020|title=New Parliament complex may seat 1,350 members|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/new-parliament-complex-may-seat-1-350-members/story-KThUBY2psc9rBVjc5BvxvN.html|access-date=1 February 2020|archive-date=31 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131165703/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/new-parliament-complex-may-seat-1-350-members/story-KThUBY2psc9rBVjc5BvxvN.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
The design of this Parliament building resembles the [[Beejamandal|Vijaya Temple]] of [[Vidisha]].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=16 December 2020 |title=Design of new Parliament House found from this temple |url=https://economictimes.com/news/india/door-statues-artworks-foucaults-pendulum-new-parliaments-architectural-elements-capture-indias-imagination/articleshow/100593455.cms |access-date=14 July 2023 |website=Times Of India |language=English}}</ref>
The building is designed to have a lifespan of more than 150 years.<ref name="TOIDec20">{{Cite news|last=Dash|first=Dipak K|date=11 December 2020|title=New Parliament building will last 150 years, its Houses can seat More than 2 Times more MPs at fullest|newspaper=The Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.com/india/new-parliament-building-will-last-150-yrs-its-houses-can-seat-150-more-mps/articleshow/79671363.cms|access-date=11 December 2020|archive-date=11 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201211104301/https://m.timesofindia.com/india/new-parliament-building-will-last-150-yrs-its-houses-can-seat-150-more-mps/articleshow/79671363.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> It is designed to be [[Earthquake-resistant structures|earthquake resistant]] while incorporating architectural styles from different parts of India.<ref name="TIEDec" /> The [[Lok Sabha]] and the [[Rajya Sabha]] chambers have large seating capacities to accommodate more [[Member of parliament, Lok Sabha|members]] in the future, resulting from India's growing population and consequent future [[Boundary delimitation|delimitation]] exercises.<ref name="TIEDec" />
[[File:View of Lok Sabha chamber in the New Parliament building, New Delhi.jpg|280px|thumb|The Lok Sabha chamber in the New Parliament building]]
The new complex has 888 seats in the ''Lok Sabha'' chamber and 384 seats in the ''Rajya Sabha'' chamber. Unlike the old parliament building, it does not have a central hall. The Lok Sabha chamber is able to house 1,272 members in case of a joint session.<ref name="TIEDec" /> The rest of the building has four floors with offices for ministers and committee rooms.<ref name="TOIDec20" />
The building has a built area of {{Convert|20866|m2|sqft}} (including its open-sky area of {{Convert|2000|m2|sqft}} for a banyan tree), which makes it 10% smaller in size than the existing old circular building of {{Convert|22900|m2|sqft}} (diameter {{Convert|170.7|m|ft}}) including its open sky area of {{Convert|6060|m2|sqft}}, split into three sectors.<ref>{{Cite news |date=24 May 2023 |title=Here's how the new Parliament building differs from the existing one
|language=en-GB |work=The Indian Express |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/new-parliament-building-differs-from-the-existing-one-8624763 |access-date=25 May 2023}}</ref>
The Parliament House has three entrances, named ''Gyan Dwar'' (knowledge gate), ''Shakti Dwar'' (power gate), and ''Karma Dwar'' ([[karma]] gate).<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 May 2023 |title=New Parliament Building May Not Be Called Parliament House, May Get A New Name |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/india/new-parliament-building-may-not-be-called-parliament-house-may-get-a-new-name-article-100487418 |access-date=1 June 2023 |website=TimesNow |language=en}}</ref> There are six guardian statues that man the three entrances, namely, Gaja, Ashwa, Garuda, Makar, Shardula, and Hams.<ref name=":4">{{Cite news |date=18 June 2023 |title=The assembling of new Parliament building |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/the-assembling-of-new-parliament-building/article66982409.ece |access-date=18 June 2023 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
A [[foucault pendulum]] is suspended from the ceiling of the central [[foyer]]. This pendulum, created by the [[National Council of Science Museums]] in [[Kolkata]], is the largest of its kind in India, standing at a towering height of 22 meters and weighing an 36 kg. As it rotates on its axis, the pendulum almost reaches the floor, hanging from a skylight positioned at the top of the Constitution Hall. Its presence symbolizes the integration of India's concept with the vastness of the cosmos.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 May 2023 |title=What is a Foucault's Pendulum, hanging in the new Parliament building |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-sci-tech/what-is-a-foucaults-pendulum-new-parliament-building-8634952/ |access-date=11 June 2023 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
The Lok Sabha chamber at the new building also houses the ''[[Sengol]]''.<ref>{{cite web |last1=B. A. Vasanth |first1=Pon |title=Sengol: Evidence thin on government's claims about the sceptre |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/sengol-evidence-thin-on-governments-claims-about-the-sceptre/article66894055.ece |work=The Hindu}}</ref>
The gallery ''Shilp Deergha'' (crafts gallery) was conceptualised with eight themes: ''Parv'' (festival), ''Swabalamban'' (self-reliance), ''Prakriti'' (nature), ''Ullas'' (joy), [[Jñāna|Gyan]] (wisdom), ''Samrasta'' (harmony), Astha (faith), and [[Yatra]] (journey). About 255 crafts were sourced from around 400 artisans from across the country.<ref name=":4" />
==Inauguration==
[[File:PM lighting the lamp at the inauguration of New Parliament Building, in New Delhi on May 28, 2023.jpg|280px|thumb|PM Modi lighting the lamp at the inauguration of New Parliament]]
On 28 May 2023, Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] officially inaugurated India's new parliament building. The ceremonies began in the morning, with Modi unveiling a plaque dedicating the building to the nation and addressing a gathering of lawmakers.<ref name="pib1">{{cite web |date=24 May 2023 |title=At the inauguration of the new Parliament House, PM Modi will establish the historical and sacred "Sengol" in the Parliament House. |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1926883 |access-date=25 May 2023 |website=pib.gov.in |publisher=PIB Delhi |language=en}}</ref> As part of the inauguration ceremony, following a [[Tamils|Tamil]] tradition,<ref name="hindustantimes1">{{cite web |author1=Lingamgunta Nirmitha Rao |date=24 May 2023 |title='Sengol' (sceptre) to be installed by PM Modi in new Parliament on May 28: All you need to know |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/new-parliament-building-what-is-sengol-a-historic-sceptre-to-be-intalled-101684915055857.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230524105632/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/new-parliament-building-what-is-sengol-a-historic-sceptre-to-be-intalled-101684915055857.html |archive-date=24 May 2023 |access-date=25 May 2023 |website=www.hindustantimes.com |publisher=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> [[Thiruvaduthurai Adheenam|Adheenam]] priests handed over a gold-plated scepter, [[Sengol]] to PM Modi, who installed it near the chair of the [[Speaker of the Lok Sabha]] in the new Parliament building.<ref>{{cite web |date=28 May 2023 |title=Historic 'Sengol' installed in new Parliament building by PM Modi |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/historic-sengol-installed-in-new-parliament-building-by-pm-modi-101685240768840.html}}</ref><ref name="indiatoday2">{{cite web |author1=Poulomi Saha |date=24 May 2023 |title=Sacred ritual steeped in Tamil culture: How PM Modi will install Sengol in new Parliament building |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/sengol-ceremony-new-parliament-building-sacred-ritual-tamil-culture-pm-modi-2383774-2023-05-24 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230524154522/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/sengol-ceremony-new-parliament-building-sacred-ritual-tamil-culture-pm-modi-2383774-2023-05-24 |archive-date=24 May 2023 |access-date=25 May 2023 |website=www.indiatoday.in |publisher=India Today |language=en |location=New Delhi}}</ref>
The opposition parties largely abstained from the event, expressing their preference for the president to open the building instead of the prime minister.<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 May 2023 |title=New parliament: PM Modi inaugurates building amid opposition boycott |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-65718127 |access-date=29 May 2023 |archive-date=28 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528224731/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-65718127 |url-status=live }}</ref>
During the inauguration, a 'Sarva Dharma Prarthana' (all-religious prayer) was performed in which religious leaders from [[Zoroastrian]], [[Baha'i Faith]], [[Judaism]], [[Islam]], [[Jainism]], [[Buddhism]], [[Sikhism]] and [[Hinduism]] were present.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/religious-leaders-perform-sarva-dharma-prarthana-at-new-parliament-building-say-all-should-work-for-countrys-growth-12658022.html|title=Religious leaders perform 'Sarva Dharma Prarthana' at new Parliament building, say all should work for country's growth|date=28 May 2023|website=Firstpost}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/new-parliament-building-inauguration-sarva-dharma-prarthana-ceremony-held/articleshow/100563171.cms|title=New Parliament building inauguration: 'Sarva-Dharma Prarthana' ceremony held|website=Business Insider}}</ref>
===Boycott and criticism===
Despite the boycott and criticism led by the [[Congress party]] of India, more than 300 members of Parliament attended the inauguration.<ref>{{Cite web|date=28 May 2023|title=How many parties attending new Parliament's inauguration, how many absent? What numbers say|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/new-parliament-inauguration-ceremony-attending-parties-non-attending-parties-101685241759418.html|access-date=3 June 2023|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=27 May 2023|title=New Parliament inauguration: Who's attending, who's not — here's the full list|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/new-parliament-inauguration-full-list-parties-attending-boycotting-8631919/|access-date=3 June 2023|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> At least 19 opposition parties boycotted the inauguration, highlighting their discontent with Modi's leadership.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Jain|first=Rupam|date=24 May 2023|title=Opposition parties to boycott new parliament inauguration by India's Modi|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/india/opposition-parties-boycott-new-parliament-inauguration-by-indias-modi-2023-05-24/|access-date=1 June 2023}}</ref> They expressed concern that President [[Droupadi Murmu]], the head of state and highest constitutional authority, was sidelined from the event.<ref>{{Cite web|date=28 May 2023|title=Modi opponents boycott opening of new Indian Parliament; PM says it breaks with colonial past|url=https://apnews.com/article/india-parliament-modi-new-delhi-oppsotion-boycott-9916f583ee8e16571a243d464e94c28b|access-date=1 June 2023|website=AP NEWS|language=en}}</ref> Opposition parties accused the government of passing controversial legislation without adequate debate and criticized the "disqualification, suspension, and muting" of opposition lawmakers.<ref>{{Cite news|date=25 May 2023|title=New parliament building: India opposition boycott casts shadow on inauguration|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-65705154|access-date=1 June 2023}}</ref> They argued that with the erosion of democratic values within the [[Parliament of India|Parliament]], the new building held little significance. [[Rahul Gandhi]], a member of the [[Indian National Congress]], accused Modi of treating the ceremony as a [[coronation]], emphasizing the need for parliamentary proceedings to remain focused on representing the people rather than showcasing personal grandeur.<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 May 2023 |title=PM treating inauguration of new Parliament building as coronation: Rahul Gandhi |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/pm-treating-inauguration-of-new-parliament-building-as-coronation-rahul-gandhi/article66903804.ece |access-date=1 June 2023 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
===Diplomatic row===
A [[mural]] that depicts a map of an "undivided India" in the new parliament caused a diplomatic row with the neighbouring Nepal, Pakistan and Bangladesh. On 28 May 2023, India's parliamentary affairs minister [[Pralhad Joshi]] tweeted a photo of the mural with a sentence in [[Kannada]], a translation of which says "Resolve is clear – [[Akhand Bharat]]".<ref>{{cite news|title=Mural of 'undivided India' in India's new parliament building sparks diplomatic row|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/asia/india/india-parliament-building-akhand-bharat-mural-b2353016.html|work=The Independent|date=7 June 2023|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Why a map in India's new parliament has riled its neighbours |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/amp/news/2023/6/7/why-a-map-in-indias-new-parliament-has-riled-its-neighbours|work=Al Jazeera|date=7 June 2023|language=en}}</ref> The same day, [[Manoj Kotak]], a BJP politician, also tweeted "Akhand Bharat in (the) New Parliament. It represents our powerful and self reliant India".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mogul |first1=Rhea |title=Why a map in India's new Parliament is making its neighbors nervous |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/06/13/india/india-akhand-bharat-map-parliament-intl-hnk/index.html |work=CNN |date=14 June 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
On 30 May 2023, former prime minister of Nepal [[KP Sharma Oli]] criticised the action stating that "If a country like India that sees itself as an ancient and strong country and as a model of democracy puts Nepali territories in its map and hangs the map in Parliament, it cannot be called fair".<ref>{{cite news|title=Mural in new Parliament with Akhand Bharat overtones upsets Nepal's politicians|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/mural-in-new-parliament-with-akhand-bharat-overtones-upsets-nepal-s-politicians-101685510865751.html|work=Hindustan Times|date=31 May 2023|language=en}}</ref> [[Baburam Bhattarai]], former prime minister of Nepal, also criticised "The controversial mural of 'Akhand Bharat'" that according to him "has the potential of further aggravating the trust deficit already vitiating the bilateral relations between most of the immediate neighbours of India".<ref>{{cite news|title=Row in Nepal over Akhand Bharat mural in India's new Parliament|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/row-in-nepal-over-akhand-bharat-mural-in-indias-new-parliament/article66920940.ece/|work=The Hindu|date=1 June 2023|language=en-IN}}</ref>
On 1 June 2023, Pakistan's Foreign Office spokesperson [[Mumtaz Zahra Baloch]] expressed concern stating that "We are appalled by the statements made by some BJP politicians, including a union minister, linking the mural with 'Akhand Bharat'".<ref>{{cite news|last1=Khan|first1=Iftikhar A.|title=BJP's 'Akhand Bharat' narrative angers Islamabad|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1757424|work=DAWN|date=2 June 2023|language=en}}</ref>
On 6 June 2023, Bangladesh's Minister of State for Foreign Affairs [[Shahriar Alam (politician)|Shahriar Alam]] stated that his government is in the process of seeking clarification from India regarding the map.<ref>{{cite news|title=Bangladesh government seeking clarification from MEA on 'Akhand Bharat' map in new Parliament building |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/dhaka-minister-seeking-clarification-on-akhand-bharat-map/article66938997.ece/amp/|work=The Hindu|date=6 June 2023|language=en-IN}}</ref>
On 8 June 2023, replying to concerns, India's foreign minister [[S. Jaishankar]] said, "The mural of undivided India shows the spread of the Ashoka empire and the idea of responsible and people-oriented governance". To Pakistan's criticism, he said that "Pakistan cannot understand it because it does not have the power to understand" and added that the neighbouring countries will understand the meaning of the mural.<ref>{{cite news|title=S Jaishankar on row over Akhand Bharat mural in new Parliament|url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/story/pakistan-doesnt-have-power-to-understand-s-jaishankar-on-row-over-akhand-bharat-mural-in-new-parliament-384836-2023-06-08|work=Business Today|date=9 June 2023|language=en-IN}}</ref> [[Arindam Bagchi]], [[Official Spokesperson of the Ministry of External Affairs (India)|spokesperson of India's Ministry of External Affairs]] had also previously clarified that the mural depicted the spread of the [[Mauryan period]] in Indian history.<ref>{{cite news|title=Bangladesh government seeking clarification from MEA on 'Akhand Bharat' map in new Parliament building|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/dhaka-minister-seeking-clarification-on-akhand-bharat-map/article66938997.ece/|work=The Hindu|date=6 June 2023|language=en-IN}}</ref>
==Incidents==
[[File:2023 Parliament smoke attack.jpg|thumb|The Lok Sabha chamber after the yellow-coloured smoke bombs were opened.]]
{{main|2023 Indian Parliament breach}}
On 13 December 2023, the 22nd anniversary of the [[2001 Indian Parliament attack]], two intruders from the visitor's gallery entered the Lok Sabha chamber and opened [[Smoke bomb|smoke bombs]]. The proceedings in both Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha were adjourned initially but were resumed after a while. Four people have been arrested in this matter. [[Speaker of the Lok Sabha]] [[Om Birla]] has initiated a probe into the matter. Members of parliament condemned this major security lapse and questioned the security arrangements in the premises. A meeting was organised later in the day by the speaker of the Lok Sabha with the members of parliament and a decision was made to ban the issuance of visitor passes.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-12-13 |title=Parliament Security Lapse: Lok Sabha Speaker Om Birla calls all-party meet, bans visitors passes |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/parliament-security-lapse-lok-sabha-speaker-om-birla-calls-all-party-meet-bans-visitors-passes/articleshow/105959644.cms |access-date=2023-12-13 |issn=0013-0389}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Huge Parliament Security Breach: 4 People, 2 Incidents, Smoke In Lok Sabha |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/huge-security-breach-in-parliament-man-jumps-into-lok-sabha-from-gallery-4665394 |access-date=2023-12-13 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-13 |title=Parliament Winter Session 2023 Live Updates: After security breach in Parliament, Lok Sabha resumes; matter being probed, says Speaker |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/parliament-winter-session-2023-live-updates-9065927/ |access-date=2023-12-13 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
==Timeline==
* September 2019: The master plan for 'Redevelopment of Central Vista Avenue' is conceived by the [[Government of India]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/central-vista-project-rs-20-000-crore-on-central-vista-amid-pandemic-cente-dispels-myths-2457518 |title="Rs 20,000 crore on Central Vista amid pandemic?" Cente dispels myths |work=NDTV |date=6 June 2021 |access-date=7 June 2021 |archive-date=7 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210607054837/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/central-vista-project-rs-20-000-crore-on-central-vista-amid-pandemic-cente-dispels-myths-2457518 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* September 2020: [[Tata Group|Tata Projects Ltd]] won the contract for the construction of the new parliament building for ₹862 [[crore]]s by the [[CPWD]].
* October 2020: [[Ahmedabad]]-based HCP Design Planning and Management Pvt Ltd, wins the architectural consultancy work.
* 10 December 2020: The [[foundation stone]] of the new parliament building is laid.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" />
* 11 July 2022: A statue of the country's [[State Emblem of India|national emblem]] is unveiled on the top of the new Parliament building.<ref>{{cite news |title=National emblem: India rejects criticism over 'snarling' lion statue |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-62131457 |access-date=14 July 2022 |work=BBC News |date=13 July 2022 |archive-date=14 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220714032725/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-62131457 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Holland |first1=Oscar |last2=Mitra |first2=Esha |title=New giant lion statue on Indian parliament building sparks political spat |url=https://edition.cnn.com/style/article/india-national-emblem-lions-statue-parliament/index.html |access-date=14 July 2022 |work=CNN |date=13 July 2022 |language=en |archive-date=14 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220714030010/https://edition.cnn.com/style/article/india-national-emblem-lions-statue-parliament/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* 28 August 2022: The main structure of the new Parliament is completed.<ref>{{Cite news |last=PTI |date=28 August 2022 |title=Main structure of new Parliament completed, finishing work in progress: Tata Projects CEO |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/main-structure-of-new-parliament-completed-finishing-work-in-progress-tata-projects-ceo/article65821579.ece |access-date=28 August 2022 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=28 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828155808/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/main-structure-of-new-parliament-completed-finishing-work-in-progress-tata-projects-ceo/article65821579.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>
*20 May 2023: Construction is fully completed.{{Citation needed|date=May 2023}}
*28 May 2023: The prime minister Narendra Modi inaugurates the new Parliament Building.
*19 September 2023: House proceedings to commence from Parliament Special Session, 2023.<ref>{{cite news |title=Parliament special session to be held from Sept 18-22, all-party meet on Sept 17; here's what you need to know |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/politics/story/parliament-special-session-to-be-held-from-sept-18-22-all-party-meet-on-sept-17-heres-what-you-need-to-know-398380-2023-09-14 |work=Business Today |date=14 September 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
== See also ==
* [[List of political parties in India]]
* [[Central Vista Redevelopment Project]]
* [[Sengol]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:2023 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Government buildings completed in 2023]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in New Delhi]]
[[Category:Seats of national legislatures]]
[[Category:Parliament of India]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext) | '{{Short description|Seat of the Parliament of India in New Delhi}}
{{pp-move-dispute|small=yes}}
{{Redirect|Sansad Bhavan|Old Parliament House|Old Parliament House, New Delhi}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Infobox building
| name = The Parliament House
| native_name = Sansad Bhavan
| native_name_lang = sa
| former_names = New Parliament House
| image = Parliament_Building_India.jpg
| image_size = 250px
| caption = The Parliament House of India
| status =
| building_type = Parliament building
| location =
| address = 118, Rafi Marg, [[New Delhi]], [[Delhi]]
| location_town = [[New Delhi]]
| location_country = {{flag|India}}
| coordinates = {{Coord|28|37|02|N|77|12|36|E|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| groundbreaking_date = 1 October 2020
| start_date =
| stop_date =
| completion_date = 28 May 2023
| opened_date = 19 September 2023
| inauguration_date =
| cost = <!-- The govt has not declared official figure yet. So please refrain from adding until you can cite your source -->
| client = [[Central Public Works Department]]
| owner = [[Government of India]]
| landlord =
| current_tenants = [[Parliament of India]]
| height = 39.6 metres
| floor_count = 4<ref name="TOIDec20"/>
| public_transit = {{ric|Delhi Metro}} [[Central Secretariat metro station|Central Secretariat]]
| floor_area =
| grounds_area = {{cvt|65,000|sqm}}<ref>{{Cite news|url = https://m.timesofindia.com/india/new-parliament-building-all-you-need-to-know/amp_articleshow/79588951.cms|title = Parliament building India: All you need to know about Cost, Design, Plan and Architecture of New Parliament building | India News - Times of India|website = [[The Times of India]]|date = 10 December 2020|access-date = 20 January 2022|archive-date = 21 December 2020|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201221192054/https://m.timesofindia.com/india/new-parliament-building-all-you-need-to-know/amp_articleshow/79588951.cms|url-status = live}}</ref>
| architect = [[Bimal Patel (architect)|Bimal Patel]]
| architecture_firm = HCP Design, Planning and Management Pvt. Ltd.
| main_contractor = [[Tata Projects|Tata Projects Ltd.]]
| logo =
| seating_capacity = 1,272<br/>([[Lok Sabha]] chamber: 888<br/>[[Rajya Sabha]] chamber: 384)
| website = {{URL|https://sansad.in/poi|sansad.in}}
}}
The '''Parliament House''' ([[International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration|IAST]]: ''Sansad Bhavan'') in [[New Delhi]] is the seat of the [[Parliament of India]]. It houses the [[Lok Sabha]] and the [[Rajya Sabha]], which are [[Lower house|lower]] and [[upper house]]s respectively in India's [[Bicameralism|bicameral]] parliament. The new parliament building has been made on the lines of Vijay Mandir temple, Vidisha which was constructed by the Parmara Rajput emperor Naravarman in 11th century, which was in itself made on the ruins of another temple from 8th century.
As part of India's [[Central Vista Redevelopment Project]], a new parliament building was constructed in [[New Delhi]]. It was inaugurated on 28 May 2023 by [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] [[Narendra Modi]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=PTI |date=2023-05-26 |title=New Parliament building will make every Indian proud, says PM Modi |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/new-parliament-building-will-make-every-indian-proud-says-pm-modi/article66896965.ece |access-date=2023-12-15 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
It is located on Rafi Marg, which crosses the Central Vista and is surrounded by the [[Old Parliament House, New Delhi|Old Parliament House]], Vijay Chowk, [[India Gate]], [[National War Memorial (India)|National War Memorial]], [[Vice President's House, New Delhi|Vice President's House]], [[Hyderabad House]], [[Secretariat Building, New Delhi|Secretariat Building]], [[Prime Minister's Office (India)|Prime Minister's Office]] and [[7, Lok Kalyan Marg|residence]], [[Secretariat Building, New Delhi|ministerial buildings]] and other administrative units of the Indian government.
The New Parliament House was first used for official business on 19 September 2023 during the Parliament Special Session,<ref>{{cite news |title=How the new Parliament building is readying for special session |url=https://www.firstpost.com/explainers/new-parliament-building-special-session-19-september-ganesh-chaturthi-puja-13114192.html |access-date=14 September 2023 |work=Firstpost |date=12 September 2023 |language=en}}</ref> with the name designation [[Parliament of India]].
==Background==
Proposals for a new parliament building to replace the existing complex emerged in the early 2010s due to stability concerns with the older structure.<ref name="TOI12">{{cite news|title=Delhi may see a new Parliament building|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-07-13/india/32662416_1_heritage-building-parliament-house-mantralaya-fire|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120715063551/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-07-13/india/32662416_1_heritage-building-parliament-house-mantralaya-fire|url-status=dead|archive-date=15 July 2012|access-date=13 December 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=13 July 2012}}</ref> A committee to suggest several alternatives to the current building was set up by the [[Speaker of the Lok Sabha|then-Speaker]] [[Meira Kumar]] in 2012. The original building, a 93-year-old structure, suffered from inadequate space for house members and their staff and design changes that put its structural stability at risk as it wasn't earthquake-proof. Despite this, the building is important to India's national heritage, and plans are in place to protect the structure.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |author=Firstpost |url=http://www.firstpost.com/india/speaker-sets-up-panel-to-suggest-new-home-for-parliament-377345.html |title=Speaker sets up panel to suggest new home for Parliament |publisher=Firstpost |date=13 July 2012 |access-date=15 August 2012 |archive-date=11 August 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120811003217/http://www.firstpost.com/india/speaker-sets-up-panel-to-suggest-new-home-for-parliament-377345.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
==Commencement==
In 2019, the Indian government launched the Central Vista Redevelopment Project, which included the construction of a new parliament building along with other projects in New Delhi, including revamping [[Rajpath|Kartavya Path]], construction of a new residence for the vice president, a new office and residence for the prime minister and combining all ministerial buildings in a single central secretariat.<ref name=":1">{{cite news |last1=Srivastava |first1=Ritesh |title=What is 'Central Vista' and why it is being opposed; Zee explains the controversial project |url=https://zeenews.india.com/india/what-is-central-vista-and-why-it-is-being-opposed-zee-explains-the-controversial-project-2361620.html |access-date=6 June 2021 |work=Zee News |date=13 May 2021 |language=en |archive-date=6 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210606205623/https://zeenews.india.com/india/what-is-central-vista-and-why-it-is-being-opposed-zee-explains-the-controversial-project-2361620.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
The groundbreaking ceremony for the construction was held in October 2020, and the foundation stone was laid by Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]], on 10 December 2020.<ref name=":2">{{cite web|date=1 October 2020|title=Groundwork for new Parliament Building Begins, To be completed in 22 Months|url=https://www.bloombergquint.com/politics/groundwork-for-new-parliament-building-begins-to-be-completed-in-22-months|via=www.bloombergquint.com|access-date=6 March 2021|archive-date=25 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201025204253/https://www.bloombergquint.com/politics/groundwork-for-new-parliament-building-begins-to-be-completed-in-22-months|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="TIEDec">{{Cite news|last=Mathew|first=Liz|date=6 December 2020|title=PM Modi to lay foundation stone for new Parliament building on December 10|newspaper=The Indian Express|location=New Delhi|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/pm-modi-to-lay-foundation-stone-for-new-parliament-building-on-december-10-7093362/|access-date=6 December 2020|archive-date=6 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201206014717/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/pm-modi-to-lay-foundation-stone-for-new-parliament-building-on-december-10-7093362/|url-status=live}}</ref> The ceremony included an interfaith prayer service performed by religious leaders.<ref name=":3">{{cite news |date=10 December 2020 |title='Historic Day': PM Modi After Laying Foundation of New Parliament |language=en |work=TheQuint |url=https://www.thequint.com/news/breaking-news/new-parliament-building-central-vista-groundbreaking-foundation-stone-laying-ceremony-live-updates |url-status=live |access-date=10 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201210035754/https://www.thequint.com/news/breaking-news/new-parliament-building-central-vista-groundbreaking-foundation-stone-laying-ceremony-live-updates |archive-date=10 December 2020}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=Religious leaders perform 'Sarva Dharma Prarthana' at foundation stone laying ceremony of new Parliament building |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/religious-leaders-perform-sarva-dharma-prarthana-at-foundation-stone-laying-ceremony-of-new-parliament-building20201210140451/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210130024253/https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/religious-leaders-perform-sarva-dharma-prarthana-at-foundation-stone-laying-ceremony-of-new-parliament-building20201210140451/ |archive-date=30 January 2021 |access-date=6 March 2021 |website=ANI News |language=en}}</ref>
Although the laying of the foundation stone was allowed, a bench led by Justice [[Ajay Manikrao Khanwilkar|A. M. Khanwilkar]] of the [[Supreme Court of India]] put a hold on the Central Vista Redevelopment Project until the resolution of pleas received against the project in the court.<ref name="Stay20">{{Cite news|date=7 December 2020|title=Supreme Court allows foundation-laying ceremony for new Parliament building|newspaper=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/supreme-court-allows-foundation-laying-ceremony-for-new-parliament-building/article33268303.ece|access-date=8 December 2020|archive-date=7 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207235729/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/supreme-court-allows-foundation-laying-ceremony-for-new-parliament-building/article33268303.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> The project was cleared in a majority judgment of the Supreme Court in January 2021, with riders for environmental concerns, and work on the building was begun.<ref>{{cite news|date=5 January 2021|title=Supreme Court clears redevelopment plan for Central Vista project|language=en|work=Hindustan Times|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/supreme-court-clears-redevelopment-plan-for-central-vista-project/story-SZgVS5fOQrSQxTRT7bQmmO.html|access-date=5 January 2021|archive-date=5 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210105051656/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/supreme-court-clears-redevelopment-plan-for-central-vista-project/story-SZgVS5fOQrSQxTRT7bQmmO.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
==Description==
The [[Old Parliament House, New Delhi|old parliament]] architecture built in 1927 was designed by the British architects [[Sir Edwin Lutyens]] and [[Sir Herbert Baker]];<ref>{{cite web |last=Ghosal |first=Jayanta |title=Sansad Bhavan to be revamped; all MPs to get separate offices |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/sansad-bhavan-mps-room-parliament-house-building-modi-vision-552852 |publisher=India TV |access-date=26 October 2020 |date=27 September 2019}}</ref> and it was largely [[Yogini temples#Influence|influenced]] by [[Hindus|Hindu]] [[Chausath Yogini Temple, Mitaoli]].<ref name="Dey 2019">{{cite news |last=Dey |first=Monidipa |title=Temples which inspired design of Indian Parliament: Madhya Pradesh's Chausath Yogini Mandir |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/lifestyle/travel-tourism/temples-which-inspired-design-of-indian-parliament-madhya-pradeshs-chausath-yogini-mandir/1575446/ |access-date=26 October 2020 |work=Financial Express (India) |date=11 May 2019}}</ref><ref name=Paper>{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-opinion/government-should-have-confidence-in-this-house/article3744277.ece |title=Government should have confidence in this House |date=9 August 2012 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180320164842/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-opinion/government-should-have-confidence-in-this-house/article3744277.ece|archive-date=20 March 2018}}</ref>
The new complex has a hexagonal shape and it is built next to the existing complex and is almost equal in size to the former one.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Nidhi Sharma|date=16 January 2020|title=New parliament plan: Twin-sharing seat, many aisles|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/new-parliament-plan-twin-sharing-seat-many-aisles/articleshow/73287116.cms|access-date=1 February 2020|archive-date=11 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200911143912/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/new-parliament-plan-twin-sharing-seat-many-aisles/articleshow/73287116.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Arnab Dutta|date=16 January 2020|title=New PM house, PMO & Parliament before 2024; ministries along central vista|url=https://wap.business-standard.com/article-amp/economy-policy/new-pm-house-pmo-parliament-before-2024-ministries-along-central-vista-120011600060_1.html|access-date=1 February 2020|archive-date=1 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200201080311/https://wap.business-standard.com/article-amp/economy-policy/new-pm-house-pmo-parliament-before-2024-ministries-along-central-vista-120011600060_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="HT20">{{Cite news|author=Anisha Dutta|date=31 January 2020|title=New Parliament complex may seat 1,350 members|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/new-parliament-complex-may-seat-1-350-members/story-KThUBY2psc9rBVjc5BvxvN.html|access-date=1 February 2020|archive-date=31 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131165703/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/new-parliament-complex-may-seat-1-350-members/story-KThUBY2psc9rBVjc5BvxvN.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
The design of this Parliament building resembles the [[Beejamandal|Vijaya Temple]] of [[Vidisha]].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=16 December 2020 |title=Design of new Parliament House found from this temple |url=https://economictimes.com/news/india/door-statues-artworks-foucaults-pendulum-new-parliaments-architectural-elements-capture-indias-imagination/articleshow/100593455.cms |access-date=14 July 2023 |website=Times Of India |language=English}}</ref>
The building is designed to have a lifespan of more than 150 years.<ref name="TOIDec20">{{Cite news|last=Dash|first=Dipak K|date=11 December 2020|title=New Parliament building will last 150 years, its Houses can seat More than 2 Times more MPs at fullest|newspaper=The Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.com/india/new-parliament-building-will-last-150-yrs-its-houses-can-seat-150-more-mps/articleshow/79671363.cms|access-date=11 December 2020|archive-date=11 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201211104301/https://m.timesofindia.com/india/new-parliament-building-will-last-150-yrs-its-houses-can-seat-150-more-mps/articleshow/79671363.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> It is designed to be [[Earthquake-resistant structures|earthquake resistant]] while incorporating architectural styles from different parts of India.<ref name="TIEDec" /> The [[Lok Sabha]] and the [[Rajya Sabha]] chambers have large seating capacities to accommodate more [[Member of parliament, Lok Sabha|members]] in the future, resulting from India's growing population and consequent future [[Boundary delimitation|delimitation]] exercises.<ref name="TIEDec" />
[[File:View of Lok Sabha chamber in the New Parliament building, New Delhi.jpg|280px|thumb|The Lok Sabha chamber in the New Parliament building]]
The new complex has 888 seats in the ''Lok Sabha'' chamber and 384 seats in the ''Rajya Sabha'' chamber. Unlike the old parliament building, it does not have a central hall. The Lok Sabha chamber is able to house 1,272 members in case of a joint session.<ref name="TIEDec" /> The rest of the building has four floors with offices for ministers and committee rooms.<ref name="TOIDec20" />
The building has a built area of {{Convert|20866|m2|sqft}} (including its open-sky area of {{Convert|2000|m2|sqft}} for a banyan tree), which makes it 10% smaller in size than the existing old circular building of {{Convert|22900|m2|sqft}} (diameter {{Convert|170.7|m|ft}}) including its open sky area of {{Convert|6060|m2|sqft}}, split into three sectors.<ref>{{Cite news |date=24 May 2023 |title=Here's how the new Parliament building differs from the existing one
|language=en-GB |work=The Indian Express |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/new-parliament-building-differs-from-the-existing-one-8624763 |access-date=25 May 2023}}</ref>
The Parliament House has three entrances, named ''Gyan Dwar'' (knowledge gate), ''Shakti Dwar'' (power gate), and ''Karma Dwar'' ([[karma]] gate).<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 May 2023 |title=New Parliament Building May Not Be Called Parliament House, May Get A New Name |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/india/new-parliament-building-may-not-be-called-parliament-house-may-get-a-new-name-article-100487418 |access-date=1 June 2023 |website=TimesNow |language=en}}</ref> There are six guardian statues that man the three entrances, namely, Gaja, Ashwa, Garuda, Makar, Shardula, and Hams.<ref name=":4">{{Cite news |date=18 June 2023 |title=The assembling of new Parliament building |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/the-assembling-of-new-parliament-building/article66982409.ece |access-date=18 June 2023 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
A [[foucault pendulum]] is suspended from the ceiling of the central [[foyer]]. This pendulum, created by the [[National Council of Science Museums]] in [[Kolkata]], is the largest of its kind in India, standing at a towering height of 22 meters and weighing an 36 kg. As it rotates on its axis, the pendulum almost reaches the floor, hanging from a skylight positioned at the top of the Constitution Hall. Its presence symbolizes the integration of India's concept with the vastness of the cosmos.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 May 2023 |title=What is a Foucault's Pendulum, hanging in the new Parliament building |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-sci-tech/what-is-a-foucaults-pendulum-new-parliament-building-8634952/ |access-date=11 June 2023 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
The Lok Sabha chamber at the new building also houses the ''[[Sengol]]''.<ref>{{cite web |last1=B. A. Vasanth |first1=Pon |title=Sengol: Evidence thin on government's claims about the sceptre |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/sengol-evidence-thin-on-governments-claims-about-the-sceptre/article66894055.ece |work=The Hindu}}</ref>
The gallery ''Shilp Deergha'' (crafts gallery) was conceptualised with eight themes: ''Parv'' (festival), ''Swabalamban'' (self-reliance), ''Prakriti'' (nature), ''Ullas'' (joy), [[Jñāna|Gyan]] (wisdom), ''Samrasta'' (harmony), Astha (faith), and [[Yatra]] (journey). About 255 crafts were sourced from around 400 artisans from across the country.<ref name=":4" />
==Inauguration==
[[File:PM lighting the lamp at the inauguration of New Parliament Building, in New Delhi on May 28, 2023.jpg|280px|thumb|PM Modi lighting the lamp at the inauguration of New Parliament]]
On 28 May 2023, Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] officially inaugurated India's new parliament building. The ceremonies began in the morning, with Modi unveiling a plaque dedicating the building to the nation and addressing a gathering of lawmakers.<ref name="pib1">{{cite web |date=24 May 2023 |title=At the inauguration of the new Parliament House, PM Modi will establish the historical and sacred "Sengol" in the Parliament House. |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1926883 |access-date=25 May 2023 |website=pib.gov.in |publisher=PIB Delhi |language=en}}</ref> As part of the inauguration ceremony, following a [[Tamils|Tamil]] tradition,<ref name="hindustantimes1">{{cite web |author1=Lingamgunta Nirmitha Rao |date=24 May 2023 |title='Sengol' (sceptre) to be installed by PM Modi in new Parliament on May 28: All you need to know |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/new-parliament-building-what-is-sengol-a-historic-sceptre-to-be-intalled-101684915055857.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230524105632/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/new-parliament-building-what-is-sengol-a-historic-sceptre-to-be-intalled-101684915055857.html |archive-date=24 May 2023 |access-date=25 May 2023 |website=www.hindustantimes.com |publisher=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> [[Thiruvaduthurai Adheenam|Adheenam]] priests handed over a gold-plated scepter, [[Sengol]] to PM Modi, who installed it near the chair of the [[Speaker of the Lok Sabha]] in the new Parliament building.<ref>{{cite web |date=28 May 2023 |title=Historic 'Sengol' installed in new Parliament building by PM Modi |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/historic-sengol-installed-in-new-parliament-building-by-pm-modi-101685240768840.html}}</ref><ref name="indiatoday2">{{cite web |author1=Poulomi Saha |date=24 May 2023 |title=Sacred ritual steeped in Tamil culture: How PM Modi will install Sengol in new Parliament building |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/sengol-ceremony-new-parliament-building-sacred-ritual-tamil-culture-pm-modi-2383774-2023-05-24 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230524154522/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/sengol-ceremony-new-parliament-building-sacred-ritual-tamil-culture-pm-modi-2383774-2023-05-24 |archive-date=24 May 2023 |access-date=25 May 2023 |website=www.indiatoday.in |publisher=India Today |language=en |location=New Delhi}}</ref>
The opposition parties largely abstained from the event, expressing their preference for the president to open the building instead of the prime minister.<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 May 2023 |title=New parliament: PM Modi inaugurates building amid opposition boycott |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-65718127 |access-date=29 May 2023 |archive-date=28 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528224731/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-65718127 |url-status=live }}</ref>
During the inauguration, a 'Sarva Dharma Prarthana' (all-religious prayer) was performed in which religious leaders from [[Zoroastrian]], [[Baha'i Faith]], [[Judaism]], [[Islam]], [[Jainism]], [[Buddhism]], [[Sikhism]] and [[Hinduism]] were present.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/religious-leaders-perform-sarva-dharma-prarthana-at-new-parliament-building-say-all-should-work-for-countrys-growth-12658022.html|title=Religious leaders perform 'Sarva Dharma Prarthana' at new Parliament building, say all should work for country's growth|date=28 May 2023|website=Firstpost}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/new-parliament-building-inauguration-sarva-dharma-prarthana-ceremony-held/articleshow/100563171.cms|title=New Parliament building inauguration: 'Sarva-Dharma Prarthana' ceremony held|website=Business Insider}}</ref>
===Boycott and criticism===
Despite the boycott and criticism led by the [[Congress party]] of India, more than 300 members of Parliament attended the inauguration.<ref>{{Cite web|date=28 May 2023|title=How many parties attending new Parliament's inauguration, how many absent? What numbers say|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/new-parliament-inauguration-ceremony-attending-parties-non-attending-parties-101685241759418.html|access-date=3 June 2023|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=27 May 2023|title=New Parliament inauguration: Who's attending, who's not — here's the full list|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/new-parliament-inauguration-full-list-parties-attending-boycotting-8631919/|access-date=3 June 2023|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> At least 19 opposition parties boycotted the inauguration, highlighting their discontent with Modi's leadership.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Jain|first=Rupam|date=24 May 2023|title=Opposition parties to boycott new parliament inauguration by India's Modi|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/india/opposition-parties-boycott-new-parliament-inauguration-by-indias-modi-2023-05-24/|access-date=1 June 2023}}</ref> They expressed concern that President [[Droupadi Murmu]], the head of state and highest constitutional authority, was sidelined from the event.<ref>{{Cite web|date=28 May 2023|title=Modi opponents boycott opening of new Indian Parliament; PM says it breaks with colonial past|url=https://apnews.com/article/india-parliament-modi-new-delhi-oppsotion-boycott-9916f583ee8e16571a243d464e94c28b|access-date=1 June 2023|website=AP NEWS|language=en}}</ref> Opposition parties accused the government of passing controversial legislation without adequate debate and criticized the "disqualification, suspension, and muting" of opposition lawmakers.<ref>{{Cite news|date=25 May 2023|title=New parliament building: India opposition boycott casts shadow on inauguration|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-65705154|access-date=1 June 2023}}</ref> They argued that with the erosion of democratic values within the [[Parliament of India|Parliament]], the new building held little significance. [[Rahul Gandhi]], a member of the [[Indian National Congress]], accused Modi of treating the ceremony as a [[coronation]], emphasizing the need for parliamentary proceedings to remain focused on representing the people rather than showcasing personal grandeur.<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 May 2023 |title=PM treating inauguration of new Parliament building as coronation: Rahul Gandhi |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/pm-treating-inauguration-of-new-parliament-building-as-coronation-rahul-gandhi/article66903804.ece |access-date=1 June 2023 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
===Diplomatic row===
A [[mural]] that depicts a map of an "undivided India" in the new parliament caused a diplomatic row with the neighbouring Nepal, Pakistan and Bangladesh. On 28 May 2023, India's parliamentary affairs minister [[Pralhad Joshi]] tweeted a photo of the mural with a sentence in [[Kannada]], a translation of which says "Resolve is clear – [[Akhand Bharat]]".<ref>{{cite news|title=Mural of 'undivided India' in India's new parliament building sparks diplomatic row|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/asia/india/india-parliament-building-akhand-bharat-mural-b2353016.html|work=The Independent|date=7 June 2023|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Why a map in India's new parliament has riled its neighbours |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/amp/news/2023/6/7/why-a-map-in-indias-new-parliament-has-riled-its-neighbours|work=Al Jazeera|date=7 June 2023|language=en}}</ref> The same day, [[Manoj Kotak]], a BJP politician, also tweeted "Akhand Bharat in (the) New Parliament. It represents our powerful and self reliant India".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mogul |first1=Rhea |title=Why a map in India's new Parliament is making its neighbors nervous |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/06/13/india/india-akhand-bharat-map-parliament-intl-hnk/index.html |work=CNN |date=14 June 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
On 30 May 2023, former prime minister of Nepal [[KP Sharma Oli]] criticised the action stating that "If a country like India that sees itself as an ancient and strong country and as a model of democracy puts Nepali territories in its map and hangs the map in Parliament, it cannot be called fair".<ref>{{cite news|title=Mural in new Parliament with Akhand Bharat overtones upsets Nepal's politicians|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/mural-in-new-parliament-with-akhand-bharat-overtones-upsets-nepal-s-politicians-101685510865751.html|work=Hindustan Times|date=31 May 2023|language=en}}</ref> [[Baburam Bhattarai]], former prime minister of Nepal, also criticised "The controversial mural of 'Akhand Bharat'" that according to him "has the potential of further aggravating the trust deficit already vitiating the bilateral relations between most of the immediate neighbours of India".<ref>{{cite news|title=Row in Nepal over Akhand Bharat mural in India's new Parliament|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/row-in-nepal-over-akhand-bharat-mural-in-indias-new-parliament/article66920940.ece/|work=The Hindu|date=1 June 2023|language=en-IN}}</ref>
On 1 June 2023, Pakistan's Foreign Office spokesperson [[Mumtaz Zahra Baloch]] expressed concern stating that "We are appalled by the statements made by some BJP politicians, including a union minister, linking the mural with 'Akhand Bharat'".<ref>{{cite news|last1=Khan|first1=Iftikhar A.|title=BJP's 'Akhand Bharat' narrative angers Islamabad|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1757424|work=DAWN|date=2 June 2023|language=en}}</ref>
On 6 June 2023, Bangladesh's Minister of State for Foreign Affairs [[Shahriar Alam (politician)|Shahriar Alam]] stated that his government is in the process of seeking clarification from India regarding the map.<ref>{{cite news|title=Bangladesh government seeking clarification from MEA on 'Akhand Bharat' map in new Parliament building |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/dhaka-minister-seeking-clarification-on-akhand-bharat-map/article66938997.ece/amp/|work=The Hindu|date=6 June 2023|language=en-IN}}</ref>
On 8 June 2023, replying to concerns, India's foreign minister [[S. Jaishankar]] said, "The mural of undivided India shows the spread of the Ashoka empire and the idea of responsible and people-oriented governance". To Pakistan's criticism, he said that "Pakistan cannot understand it because it does not have the power to understand" and added that the neighbouring countries will understand the meaning of the mural.<ref>{{cite news|title=S Jaishankar on row over Akhand Bharat mural in new Parliament|url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/story/pakistan-doesnt-have-power-to-understand-s-jaishankar-on-row-over-akhand-bharat-mural-in-new-parliament-384836-2023-06-08|work=Business Today|date=9 June 2023|language=en-IN}}</ref> [[Arindam Bagchi]], [[Official Spokesperson of the Ministry of External Affairs (India)|spokesperson of India's Ministry of External Affairs]] had also previously clarified that the mural depicted the spread of the [[Mauryan period]] in Indian history.<ref>{{cite news|title=Bangladesh government seeking clarification from MEA on 'Akhand Bharat' map in new Parliament building|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/dhaka-minister-seeking-clarification-on-akhand-bharat-map/article66938997.ece/|work=The Hindu|date=6 June 2023|language=en-IN}}</ref>
==Incidents==
[[File:2023 Parliament smoke attack.jpg|thumb|The Lok Sabha chamber after the yellow-coloured smoke bombs were opened.]]
{{main|2023 Indian Parliament breach}}
On 13 December 2023, the 22nd anniversary of the [[2001 Indian Parliament attack]], two intruders from the visitor's gallery entered the Lok Sabha chamber and opened [[Smoke bomb|smoke bombs]]. The proceedings in both Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha were adjourned initially but were resumed after a while. Four people have been arrested in this matter. [[Speaker of the Lok Sabha]] [[Om Birla]] has initiated a probe into the matter. Members of parliament condemned this major security lapse and questioned the security arrangements in the premises. A meeting was organised later in the day by the speaker of the Lok Sabha with the members of parliament and a decision was made to ban the issuance of visitor passes.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-12-13 |title=Parliament Security Lapse: Lok Sabha Speaker Om Birla calls all-party meet, bans visitors passes |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/parliament-security-lapse-lok-sabha-speaker-om-birla-calls-all-party-meet-bans-visitors-passes/articleshow/105959644.cms |access-date=2023-12-13 |issn=0013-0389}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Huge Parliament Security Breach: 4 People, 2 Incidents, Smoke In Lok Sabha |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/huge-security-breach-in-parliament-man-jumps-into-lok-sabha-from-gallery-4665394 |access-date=2023-12-13 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-13 |title=Parliament Winter Session 2023 Live Updates: After security breach in Parliament, Lok Sabha resumes; matter being probed, says Speaker |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/parliament-winter-session-2023-live-updates-9065927/ |access-date=2023-12-13 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
==Timeline==
* September 2019: The master plan for 'Redevelopment of Central Vista Avenue' is conceived by the [[Government of India]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/central-vista-project-rs-20-000-crore-on-central-vista-amid-pandemic-cente-dispels-myths-2457518 |title="Rs 20,000 crore on Central Vista amid pandemic?" Cente dispels myths |work=NDTV |date=6 June 2021 |access-date=7 June 2021 |archive-date=7 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210607054837/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/central-vista-project-rs-20-000-crore-on-central-vista-amid-pandemic-cente-dispels-myths-2457518 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* September 2020: [[Tata Group|Tata Projects Ltd]] won the contract for the construction of the new parliament building for ₹862 [[crore]]s by the [[CPWD]].
* October 2020: [[Ahmedabad]]-based HCP Design Planning and Management Pvt Ltd, wins the architectural consultancy work.
* 10 December 2020: The [[foundation stone]] of the new parliament building is laid.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" />
* 11 July 2022: A statue of the country's [[State Emblem of India|national emblem]] is unveiled on the top of the new Parliament building.<ref>{{cite news |title=National emblem: India rejects criticism over 'snarling' lion statue |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-62131457 |access-date=14 July 2022 |work=BBC News |date=13 July 2022 |archive-date=14 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220714032725/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-62131457 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Holland |first1=Oscar |last2=Mitra |first2=Esha |title=New giant lion statue on Indian parliament building sparks political spat |url=https://edition.cnn.com/style/article/india-national-emblem-lions-statue-parliament/index.html |access-date=14 July 2022 |work=CNN |date=13 July 2022 |language=en |archive-date=14 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220714030010/https://edition.cnn.com/style/article/india-national-emblem-lions-statue-parliament/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* 28 August 2022: The main structure of the new Parliament is completed.<ref>{{Cite news |last=PTI |date=28 August 2022 |title=Main structure of new Parliament completed, finishing work in progress: Tata Projects CEO |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/main-structure-of-new-parliament-completed-finishing-work-in-progress-tata-projects-ceo/article65821579.ece |access-date=28 August 2022 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=28 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828155808/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/main-structure-of-new-parliament-completed-finishing-work-in-progress-tata-projects-ceo/article65821579.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>
*20 May 2023: Construction is fully completed.{{Citation needed|date=May 2023}}
*28 May 2023: The prime minister Narendra Modi inaugurates the new Parliament Building.
*19 September 2023: House proceedings to commence from Parliament Special Session, 2023.<ref>{{cite news |title=Parliament special session to be held from Sept 18-22, all-party meet on Sept 17; here's what you need to know |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/politics/story/parliament-special-session-to-be-held-from-sept-18-22-all-party-meet-on-sept-17-heres-what-you-need-to-know-398380-2023-09-14 |work=Business Today |date=14 September 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
== See also ==
* [[List of political parties in India]]
* [[Central Vista Redevelopment Project]]
* [[Sengol]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
[[Category:2023 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Government buildings completed in 2023]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in New Delhi]]
[[Category:Seats of national legislatures]]
[[Category:Parliament of India]]' |
