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'{{Short description|French-American planetary scientist}} '''Nicolas Dauphas''' (born December 10, 1975) is a planetary scientist and isotope geochemist. He is a professor of [[geochemistry]] and [[cosmochemistry]] in the Department of the [[Geophysical Sciences]] and [[Enrico Fermi Institute]] at the [[University of Chicago]],<ref name= "uchi geo">{{Cite web |title=Geophysical Sciences: People |url=https://geosci.uchicago.edu/people/nicolas-dauphas/ |access-date=2022-12-09 |website=Department of the Geophysical Sciences|publisher=University of Chicago}}</ref> where he was previously a Louis Block professor, being appointed to that professorship in 2016.<ref>{{cite news |title=UChicago faculty members receive named, distinguished service professorships |url=https://news.uchicago.edu/story/uchicago-faculty-members-receive-named-distinguished-service-professorships-0#Nicolas%20Dauphas |access-date=30 July 2023 |work=University of Chicago News |date=17 February 2016 |language=en |quote=Nicolas Dauphas, Professor of Geophysical Sciences and in the College and the Enrico Fermi Institute, has been named a Louis Block Professor.}}</ref><ref>Other sources which include "Louis Block professor": * {{cite news |title=Study of the Moon in Space - Cosmochemists Find Evidence for Unstable Heavy Element at Solar System Formation |url=http://oxfordvirtual.com/focused-light-in-the-terahertz-regime-consisting-of-a-broad-spectrum-of-wavelengths/ |work=Oxford Virtual |date=n.d.}} * {{cite news |title=Cosmochemists find evidence of rare element in early solar system |url=https://www.geologypage.com/2016/03/cosmochemists-find-evidence-of-rare-element-in-early-solar-system.html |work=Geology Page |date=5 March 2016}}</ref><ref name="Mars Moon samples"/> His research focuses on [[isotope geochemistry]] and [[cosmochemistry]].<ref name= "uchi geo"/> He studies the origin and evolution of planets and other objects in the solar system by analyzing the natural distributions of elements and their isotopes using mass spectrometers.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Us: Origins Lab, UChicago – People |url=https://www.originslab.uchicago.edu/people |access-date=2022-12-09 |website=Origins Laboratory, The University of Chicago}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Dauphas |first1=Nicolas |title=Curriculum Vitae |url=https://www.originslab.uchicago.edu/uploads/b/c1087a10-474a-11ed-959e-df2d09acec97/dauphas_cv_NDE1MT.pdf |date=April 21, 2023}}</ref> == Career == Born in [[Nantes]], Brittany, France, Dauphas received a M.Sc. degree from [[École Nationale Supérieure de Géologie]] in Nancy, France in 1998. He obtained a Ph.D. in [[geochemistry]] and [[cosmochemistry]] from the [[National Polytechnic Institute of Lorraine]] ({{lang-fr|L'Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine}}) in 2002, working with Bernard Marty<ref>{{cite web |title=Bernard Marty publications, indexed |url=https://scholar.google.fr/citations?user=qudu25sAAAAJ&hl=fr |website=Google Scholar |language=fr}}</ref> and Laurie Reisberg<ref name="marty 2005">{{Cite journal |last=Marty |first=Bernard |date=2005-08-30 |title=2005 Nier Prize for Nicolas Dauphas |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1945-5100.2005.tb00419.x |journal=Meteoritics & Planetary Science |language=en |volume=40 |issue=S8 |pages=A7–A8 |doi=10.1111/j.1945-5100.2005.tb00419.x|bibcode=2005M&PS...40....7M |s2cid=128748675 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Laurie Reisberg publications, indexed|url=https://scholar.google.fr/citations?user=zfhj6toAAAAJ&hl=fr |website=Google Scholar |language=fr}}</ref> He then completed his postdoctoral research at the Enrico Fermi Institute of the University of Chicago and the [[Field Museum of Natural History]] from 2002 to 2004, before joining the faculty at the University of Chicago in 2004. ===Recognition and awards=== In 2005, Dauphas was awarded Nier Prize of [[the Meteoritical Society]] which recognizes outstanding research in meteoritics and closely allied fields by young scientists.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nier Prize Winners |url=https://meteoritical.org/nier-prize |access-date=2022-12-09 |website=meteoritical.org |language=en}}</ref> In 2007, he was awarded the [[David and Lucile Packard Foundation]] Fellowship, given to most promising early-career scientists and engineers, nationwide.<ref>David and Lucile Packard Foundation– * Record of fellowship award: {{Cite web |title=2007 Fellow: Dauphas, Nicolas |url=https://www.packard.org/what-we-fund/science/packard-fellowships-for-science-and-engineering/fellowship-directory/dauphas-nicolas/ |access-date=2022-12-09 |website=The David and Lucile Packard Foundation |language=en-US}} * Award overview: {{cite web |title=About the Packard Fellowship Awards |url=https://www.packard.org/what-we-fund/science/packard-fellowships-for-science-and-engineering/about-the-packard-fellowship-awards/ |website=The David and Lucile Packard Foundation |access-date=14 July 2023 |date=n.d.}} * Fellowship criteria {{cite web |title=Packard Fellowships for Science and Engineering |url=https://www.packard.org/what-we-fund/science/packard-fellowships-for-science-and-engineering/ |website=The David and Lucile Packard Foundation |access-date=14 July 2023 |quote=Providing the nation's most promising early-career scientists and engineers with flexible funding and the freedom to take risks and explore new frontiers in their fields of study.}}</ref> He won the 2008 [[Houtermans Award]], given by the [[European Association of Geochemistry]] for outstanding contributions to geochemistry.<ref>{{Cite web |title=F.G. Houtermans Award |website=European Association of Geochemistry |url=https://www.eag.eu.com/awards/houtermans-award/ |access-date=2022-12-09 |language=en-US}}</ref> He was awarded the [[James B. Macelwane Medal]] of the [[American Geophysical Union]] (AGU) for "significant contributions to the geophysical sciences",<ref>{{cite web |title=Nicolas Dauphas 2011 James B. Macelwane Medal Winner |url=https://honors.agu.org/winners/nicolas-dauphas/ |website=American Geophysical Union Honors Program |access-date=2022-12-09 |language=en-US}}</ref> and was selected as an AGU Fellow in 2011.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dauphas |url=https://honors.agu.org/honorsfellow/1577-dauphas/ |access-date=2022-12-09 |website=American Geophysical Union Honors Program |language=en-US}}</ref> In 2014, he became a Fellow of [[the Meteoritical Society]].<ref>{{multiref2|1={{Cite web |title=Fellows |url=https://meteoritical.org/awards/fellows |access-date=2022-12-09 |website=Meteoritical Society |language=en}}|2={{cite news |editor=Michael K. Weisberg |title=Supplement to ''Meteoritics & Planetary Science'': New Society Fellows for 2016 |work=The Meteoritical Society Newsletter |url=https://meteoritical.org/application/files/9916/0210/4018/The_Meteoritical_Society_Newsletter_2016.pdf |volume=51 |issue=11 |date=November 2016 |page=13}}}}</ref> He was one of the finalists in 2017 for the Blavatnik National Awards.<ref>{{Cite web |title=America's Top Young Researchers Named Finalists for 2017 Blavatnik National Awards for Young Scientists |website=Blavatnik Awards for Young Scientists |url=http://blavatnikawards.org/news/items/americas-top-young-researchers-named-finalists-2017-blavatnik-national-awards-young-scientists/ |access-date=2022-12-09}}</ref> In 2019, Dauphas was elected Geochemical Fellow of the [[Geochemical Society]] and the [[European Association of Geochemistry]] in recognition of his career contribution to the field of geochemistry.<ref>{{cite news |title=Prof. Nicolas Dauphas Elected Geochemical Fellow |url=https://geosci.uchicago.edu/news/article/prof.-nicolas-dauphas-elected-geochemical-fellow |work=Department of the Geophysical Sciences: News and Events |publisher=UChicago |date=February 13, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Geochemistry Fellows |website=Geochemical Society |url=https://www.geochemsoc.org/honors/awards/geochemistryfellows |access-date=2022-12-09}}</ref> == Research activities == By analyzing the isotopic compositions of stable and [[radiogenic nuclide]]s in meteorites, Dauphas investigates the timing and processes that lead to the formation of Solar System bodies and the establishment of habitable conditions on Earth and Mars. He used iron isotopes to study how the iron [[biogeochemical cycle]] of the Earth changed through time.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hecht |first=Jeff |title=Primordial rocks may hold the signature of life |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg18424794-300-primordial-rocks-may-hold-the-signature-of-life/ |access-date=2022-12-15 |website=New Scientist |language=en-US}}</ref> He established that Mars was formed rapidly, within the first 2~4 million years of the birth of the Solar System, which explains the much smaller size of Mars compared to Earth and Venus.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Brandon |first=Alan |date=2011-05-25 |title=Building a planet in record time |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=473 |issue=7348 |pages=460–461 |doi=10.1038/473460a |pmid=21614071 |s2cid=205064708 |issn=1476-4687|doi-access=free }}</ref> He first identified the mineralogical carrier of the ⁵⁴Cr isotopic anomalies in meteorites as Cr-rich nano-sized [[spinel]]s from supernovae.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PSRD: Supernova Confetti in Meteorites |url=http://www.psrd.hawaii.edu/Nov10/supernova-nanoparticles.html |access-date=2022-12-15 |website=www.psrd.hawaii.edu |language=en-US}}</ref> He constrained the nature of Earth’s accreting materials through time, using a novel approach that relies on the different affinities of elements with Earth's core, and showed that the materials formed Earth are from an isotopically homogeneous reservoir.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Carlson |first=Richard W. |date=2017-01-16 |title=Earth's building blocks |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=541 |issue=7638 |pages=468–469 |doi=10.1038/541468a |pmid=28128233 |s2cid=4386036 |issn=1476-4687|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Samples From Asteroid Ryugu Help Us Learn About Earth's Origins |url=https://www.nationaltribune.com.au/samples-from-asteroid-ryugu-help-us-learn-about-earth-s-origins/ |work=The National Tribune |date=19 December 2022 |language=en-AU}}</ref> Dauphas was part of the preliminary examination team for [[JAXA]]'s [[Hayabusa2]] mission,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-24 |title=Asteroid Samples Reveal Long Journey through the Solar System |url=https://skyandtelescope.org/astronomy-news/asteroid-samples-reveal-long-journey-through-the-solar-system/ |access-date=2022-12-15 |website=Sky & Telescope |language=en-US}}</ref> which returned a fragment of [[162173 Ryugu|Ryugu]] [[carbonaceous asteroid]] to Earth for scientific research. He was selected as a member of the Mars Sample Return Campaign Science Group in 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Agle |first=DC |title=NASA, Partner Establish New Research Group for Mars Sample Return Program |url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/nasa-partner-establish-new-research-group-for-mars-sample-return-program |access-date=2022-06-14 |website=NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="Mars Moon samples">{{cite news |title=Professor Nicholas Dauphas Selected to Analyze Samples to Be Brought Back from Mars Moon |url=https://geosci.uchicago.edu/news/t-c-chamberlin-postdoctoral-fellowships-geophysical-sciences/P6/#!view/day |access-date=14 July 2023 |work=Department of the Geophysical Sciences: News and Events |publisher=UChicago |date=April 18, 2023|quote=Louis Block Professor Nicholas Dauphas has been selected by NASA to join the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency’s Martian Moons eXploration (MMX) mission as a NASA-supported participating scientist.}}</ref> == Personal life == Nicolas Dauphas is married to [[Reika Yokochi]], a fellow planetary scientist; the couple has two children. == References == {{reflist}} == External links == * [https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ZGlZ6DUAAAAJ&hl=en&oi=ao Nicolas Dauphas publications indexed by Google Scholar] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5O5hoPOKfAU Nicolas Dauphas - AGU Fall Meeting 2018 - The Daly Lecture] * [https://geosci.uchicago.edu/ University of Chicago, Department of the Geophysical Sciences] {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Dauphas, Nicholas}} [[Category:1975 births]] [[Category:Living people]] [[Category:University of Lorraine alumni]] [[Category:University of Chicago faculty]] [[Category:Planetary scientists]] [[Category:Geochemists]]'