Old page wikitext, before the edit (old_wikitext) | '{{Short description|American politician (born 1949)}}
{{Other people}}
{{Good article}}
{{Use American English|date=April 2019}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2020}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Richard Neal
| image = Richard Neal official photo (cropped).jpg
| office1 = Ranking Member of the [[United States House Committee on Ways and Means|House Ways and Means Committee]]
| term_start1 = January 9, 2023
| term_end1 =
| predecessor1 = [[Kevin Brady]]
| successor1 =
| term_start2 = January 3, 2017
| term_end2 = January 3, 2019
| predecessor2 = [[Sander Levin]]
| successor2 = Kevin Brady
| office3 = Chair of the [[United States House Committee on Ways and Means|House Ways and Means Committee]]
| term_start3 = January 3, 2019
| term_end3 = January 3, 2023
| predecessor3 = Kevin Brady
| successor3 = [[Jason Smith (American politician)|Jason Smith]]
| state4 = [[Massachusetts]]
| term_start4 = January 3, 1989
| term_end4 =
| predecessor4 = [[Edward Boland]]
| successor4 =
| constituency4 = {{ushr|MA|2|2nd district}} (1989–2013)<br>{{ushr|MA|1|1st district}} (2013–present)
| office5 = 50th [[List of mayors of Springfield, Massachusetts|Mayor of Springfield]]
| term_start5 = January 2, 1984
| term_end5 = January 3, 1989
| predecessor5 = Theodore Dimauro
| successor5 = Mary Hurley
| birth_name = Richard Edmund Neal
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1949|2|14}}
| birth_place = [[Worcester, Massachusetts]], U.S.
| death_date =
| death_place =
| party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]
| spouse = {{marriage|Maureen Conway|1975}}
| children = 4
| education = [[Holyoke Community College]]<br>[[American International College]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])<br>[[University of Hartford]] ([[Master of Arts|MA]])
| signature = Richard Neal signature.png
| website = {{URL|neal.house.gov|House website}}
| module = {{Listen|pos=center|embed=yes|filename=Rep. Richard Neal Speaks in Support of the Build Back Better Act.ogg|title=Richard Neal's voice|type=speech|description=Neal, as chair of the [[House Ways and Means Committee]], speaks in support of the [[Build Back Better Act]]<br/>Recorded November 18, 2021}}
}}
'''Richard Edmund Neal''' (born February 14, 1949) is an American politician serving as the [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. representative]] for {{ushr|Massachusetts|1}} since 1989. The district, numbered as the [[Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district|2nd district]] from 1989 to 2013, includes [[Springfield, Massachusetts|Springfield]], [[West Springfield, Massachusetts|West Springfield]], [[Pittsfield, Massachusetts|Pittsfield]], [[Holyoke, Massachusetts|Holyoke]], [[Agawam, Massachusetts|Agawam]], [[Chicopee, Massachusetts|Chicopee]] and [[Westfield, Massachusetts|Westfield]], and is much more [[Rural area|rural]] than the rest of the state. A member of the [[United States Democratic Party|Democratic Party]], Neal has been the dean of [[United States congressional delegations from Massachusetts|Massachusetts's delegation]] to the [[United States House of Representatives]] since 2013, and he is also the dean of the [[New England]] House delegations.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-06-28|title=Springfield's Richard Neal Will Be the Next Dean of Massachusetts' Congressional Delegation|url=https://neal.house.gov/media-center/in-the-news/springfields-richard-neal-will-be-next-dean-massachusetts-congressional|access-date=2021-03-02|website=Congressman Richard Neal|language=en|archive-date=May 8, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210508150344/https://neal.house.gov/media-center/in-the-news/springfields-richard-neal-will-be-next-dean-massachusetts-congressional|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Meet Richie">{{Cite web|date=2012-12-03|title=Meet Richie|url=https://neal.house.gov/meet-richie|access-date=2021-03-09|website=Congressman Richard Neal|language=en|archive-date=March 18, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210318073721/https://neal.house.gov/meet-richie|url-status=live}}</ref>
Neal was president of the [[Springfield, Massachusetts|Springfield]] City Council from 1979 to 1983 and [[List of mayors of Springfield, Massachusetts|mayor of Springfield]] from 1983 to 1989. He was nearly unopposed when he ran for the House of Representatives in 1988, and took office in 1989.
Neal chaired the [[United States House Committee on Ways and Means|House Ways and Means Committee]] from 2019 to 2023 and chaired the [[United States House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Select Revenue Measures|Subcommittee on Select Revenue Measures]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Neal|first=Richard|title=Opinion {{!}} Why my committee needs the president's tax returns|language=en-US|newspaper=Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/why-my-committee-needs-the-presidents-tax-returns/2019/07/31/05d4505a-b3c8-11e9-8f6c-7828e68cb15f_story.html|access-date=2021-03-09|issn=0190-8286|archive-date=February 2, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210202050901/https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/why-my-committee-needs-the-presidents-tax-returns/2019/07/31/05d4505a-b3c8-11e9-8f6c-7828e68cb15f_story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> He has also dedicated much of his career to [[Ireland–United States relations|U.S.–Ireland relations]] and maintaining American involvement in the [[Northern Ireland peace process]], for which he has won several acclamations. He has a generally [[liberalism in the United States|liberal]] voting record, but is considered a moderate on such issues as [[abortion]] and [[trade]]. In January 2020, Neal was inducted into the [[Irish Americans|Irish American]] Hall of Fame.<ref>Irish Central, "2020 Irish America Hall of Fame inductees announced" January 26, 2020 [https://www.irishcentral.com/roots/irishamerica/2020-irish-america-hall-of-fame-inductees-announced] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200127020918/https://www.irishcentral.com/roots/irishamerica/2020-irish-america-hall-of-fame-inductees-announced|date=January 27, 2020}}</ref>
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==Early life, education, and academic career==
Richard Edmund Neal was born in 1949, in [[Worcester, Massachusetts]], the oldest of three children of Mary H. (Garvey) and Edmund John Neal. He and his two younger sisters were raised in Springfield by their mother, a housewife, and their father, a custodian at [[Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company|MassMutual]]. Neal's maternal grandparents were from [[Northern Ireland]] and his paternal grandparents were from [[Ireland]] and [[Cornwall]], [[England]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://freepages.rootsweb.com/~battle/genealogy/reps/neal.htm |title=neal |website=freepages.rootsweb.com |access-date=November 24, 2018 }}{{dead link|date=June 2022|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> Neal's mother died of a heart attack when he was 13, and he was attending Springfield Technical High School when his father, an alcoholic, died. Neal and his two younger sisters moved in with their grandmother and later their aunt, forced to rely on [[Social Security (United States)|Social Security]] checks as they grew up.<ref name="cq-2010">McCutcheon, Chuck, and Lyons, Christina L. (eds.) (2009). "Neal, Richard E., D-Mass." ''[[CQ's Politics in America|CQ's Politics in America 2010: The 111th Congress]]''. Washington: [[Congressional Quarterly]]. pp. 488–489. {{ISBN|978-1-60426-602-3}}.</ref><ref name="globe-2010">Viser, Matt (June 4, 2010). "Neal seeks top job on Ways and Means committee." ''[[The Boston Globe]]'': p. A1.</ref><ref name="gazette-1999">"A profile of a congressman: Populist roots and political instincts of U.S. Rep. Richard Neal." ''[[Daily Hampshire Gazette]]'': p. A1. November 2, 1999.</ref>
After graduating from high school, Neal attended [[Holyoke Community College]] in [[Holyoke, Massachusetts]], and then [[American International College]] in Springfield, with the assistance of survivor's benefits. He graduated in 1972 with a [[Bachelor of Arts]] in [[political science]]. He then attended the [[University of Hartford]]'s Barney School of Business and Public Administration, where he was a member of [[Tau Kappa Epsilon]] Fraternity, graduating in 1976 with a [[Master of Arts]] in [[public administration]].<ref name="globe-2010" /><ref name="neal-2010">Neal, Richard E. "[http://www.house.gov/neal/link4.html Biography] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180423170041/https://www.house.gov/neal/link4.html |date=April 23, 2018 }}." ''Congressman Richard Neal'' (official website). [[United States House of Representatives]]. Retrieved June 27, 2010.</ref><ref name="directory" /><ref>{{cite magazine |date=Summer 2012 |title=Tekes in Politics |url=https://my.tke.org/theteke/2012-Summer.pdf |magazine=The Teke |publisher=[[Tau Kappa Epsilon]] |pages=12–13 |volume=105 |issue=3 |access-date=November 11, 2023}}</ref> Early in his career Neal taught history at [[Cathedral High School (Springfield, Massachusetts)|Cathedral High School]].<ref name="gazette-1999" />
==Local government==
[[File:Richard Neal as Mayor of Springfield.jpg|160px|left|thumb|Neal during his tenure as Mayor of Springfield]]
Neal began his political career as co-chairman of [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] presidential candidate [[George McGovern]]'s 1972 election campaign in Western Massachusetts.<ref name="cq-1988">Duncan, Phil, et al. (December 31, 1988). "House freshmen: Massachusetts—2nd district." ''[[CQ Weekly]]'': p. 3610. [[CQ Press]].</ref> In 1973 he became an assistant to [[List of mayors of Springfield, Massachusetts|Springfield Mayor]] William C. Sullivan. Neal was elected to the Springfield City Council in 1978 and was named President of the City Council in 1979.<ref name="neal-2010" /> The following year he was named as a delegate for presidential candidate [[Ted Kennedy]] at the [[1980 Democratic National Convention]].<ref>Farrell, David (March 5, 1980). "Massachusetts delegates chosen in the primary." ''[[The Boston Globe]]''.</ref> While a city councilor, Neal taught history at Cathedral High School, and gave lectures at [[Springfield College]], [[American International College]], [[Springfield Technical Community College]], and [[Western New England College]].<ref name="union-1989">"Grads to hear Neal talk." ''[[The Republican (Springfield)|The Union-News]]'': p. 14. May 17, 1989.</ref>
In [[1983 Springfield, Massachusetts mayoral election|1983]], Neal made plans to challenge Theodore Dimauro, the Democratic incumbent mayor of Springfield. The pressure led Dimauro to retire and Neal was elected mayor. Neal was reelected in [[1985 Springfield, Massachusetts mayoral election|1985]] and [[1987 Springfield, Massachusetts mayoral election|1987]].<ref name="cq-1988" /> As mayor, Neal oversaw a period of significant economic growth, with over $400 million of development and investment in the city, and a surplus in the city budget. He worked to strengthen Springfield's appearance, pushing to revive and preserve the city's historic homes and initiating a Clean City Campaign to reduce litter.<ref name="union-1989" /><ref name="hall-1988">Hall, Michelle (December 27, 1988). "The new Democrats in the House." ''[[The Washington Post]]'': p. A13.</ref>
==U.S. House of Representatives==
===Elections===
[[File:Ma02 109.gif|thumb|left|260px|The 2nd congressional district of Massachusetts from 2003 to 2013]]
Neal ran for the [[United States House of Representatives]] in {{ushr|MA|2}} in 1988 after 18-term Democratic incumbent [[Edward Boland]] retired. Boland had alerted Neal of his impending retirement, giving him a head start on his campaign. Neal raised $200,000 in campaign contributions and collected signatures across the district before the retirement was formally announced.<ref name="cq-2000">Duncan, Philip D., and Nutting, Brian (eds.) (1999). "Neal, Richard E., D-Mass." ''[[CQ's Politics in America|CQ's Politics in America 2000: The 106th Congress]]''. Washington: [[Congressional Quarterly]]. pp. 488–489. {{ISBN|978-1-56802-470-7}}.</ref> He was unopposed in the Democratic primary, and his only general election opponent was Communist Party candidate Louis R. Godena, whom he defeated with over 80 percent of the vote.<ref>Dendy, Dallas L., Jr. (1989). "[http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/1988election.pdf Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of November 8, 1988] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720125200/http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/1988election.pdf |date=July 20, 2011 }}." [[United States Government Printing Office]]. p. 20. Retrieved March 2, 2010.</ref>
Neal has won reelection every two years since. Former Springfield mayor Theodore Dimauro, reflecting sentiments that Neal had an unfair advantage in the previous election, ran as a challenger in the 1990 Democratic primary. Dimauro's campaign was sullied by a false rumor he spread about the [[Bank of New England]]'s financial situation, and Neal won the primary easily.<ref name="cq-2000" /> He was unopposed in the general election, winning 68 percent of the vote.<ref>Dendy, Dallas L., Jr. (1991). "[http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/1990election.pdf Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of November 6, 1990] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721043024/http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/1990election.pdf |date=July 21, 2011 }}." [[United States Government Printing Office]]. p. 17. Retrieved March 2, 2010.</ref> In 1992, his popularity was threatened by the [[House banking scandal]], in which he had made dozens of unpenalized overdrafts at the House Bank.<ref name="cq-2000" /> After narrowly defeating two Democratic opponents, he was challenged by Republican Anthony W. Ravosa Jr., and Independent Thomas R. Sheehan. Neal won with 53 percent of the vote.<ref>Dendy, Dallas L., Jr. (1993). "[http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/1992election.pdf Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of November 3, 1992] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170123044622/http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/1992election.pdf |date=January 23, 2017 }}." [[United States Government Printing Office]]. p. 32. Retrieved March 2, 2010.</ref>
In a ''[[The Republican (Springfield, Massachusetts)|Springfield Union-News]]'' poll taken in mid-October 1994, Neal was ahead of John Briare by only 6 percentage points. Neal went on to spend nearly $500,000 in the last two weeks of the campaign to defeat Briare. The 1994 general election also featured a third-party candidate, Kate Ross, who received 6% of the vote. With blanks, Neal actually received only 51% of the vote in 1994.<ref>Carle, Robin H. (1995). "[http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/1994election.pdf Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of November 8, 1994] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525002435/http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/1994election.pdf |date=May 25, 2017 }}.[[United States Government Printing Office]]. p. 16.</ref>
Since 1994 Neal has had little electoral opposition. He was challenged by Mark Steele in 1996 and easily dispatched him with 71 percent of the vote<ref>Carle, Robin H. (1995). "[http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/1994election.pdf Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of November 8, 1994] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525002435/http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/1994election.pdf |date=May 25, 2017 }}." [[United States Government Printing Office]]. p. 16. Retrieved March 2, 2010.</ref><ref>Carle, Robin H. (1997). "[http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/1996election.pdf Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of November 5, 1996] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525002438/http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/1996election.pdf |date=May 25, 2017 }}." [[United States Government Printing Office]]. p. 29. Retrieved March 2, 2010.</ref> and ran unopposed in 1998. In 2000 he won the Democratic primary against Joseph R. Fountain, who challenged Neal's positions as "anti-choice" and "anti-gun".<ref>Smock, Frederick A. (May 30, 2000). "Neal may face primary challenge: Springfield man submits nomination papers to run in 2nd district." ''[[Telegram & Gazette]]'': p. B3.</ref> Neal had been unopposed in the general election since 1996, but faced Republican opponent Tom Wesley<ref>Associated Press (September 14, 2010). "[http://news.bostonherald.com/news/politics/view/20100914tom_wesley_wins_gop_nod_in_mass_2nd_district/ Tom Wesley wins GOP nod in Mass. 2nd District] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110613045211/http://news.bostonherald.com/news/politics/view/20100914tom_wesley_wins_gop_nod_in_mass_2nd_district/ |date=June 13, 2011 }}." ''[[The Boston Herald]]''. Retrieved September 14, 2010.</ref> in the [[United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts, 2010|2010 U.S. congressional elections]], which Neal won by a margin of 57% to 43%.
For his first 12 terms in Congress, Neal represented a district centered on Springfield and stretching as far east as the southern and western suburbs of [[Worcester, Massachusetts|Worcester]]. When Massachusetts lost a congressional district after the 2010 census, the bulk of Neal's territory, including his home in Springfield, was merged with the 1st district, held by fellow Democrat [[John Olver]]. While it retained Olver's district number, it was geographically and demographically more Neal's district; it now covered almost all of the Springfield metropolitan area. The prospect of an incumbent vs. incumbent contest was averted when [[John Olver|Olver]] retired. The new 1st was no less Democratic than the old 2nd, and Neal was reelected without much difficulty in 2012, 2014 and 2016.
In the 2018 Democratic primary, Neal defeated Springfield attorney Tahirah Amatul-Wadud, 70.7% to 29.3%.<ref name="MassL09052018">Young, Shannon. [https://www.masslive.com/politics/2018/09/massachusetts_1st_congressional_district_race_richard_neal_tahirah_amatul-wadud.html Massachusetts 1st Congressional District race: Richard Neal defeats Democratic challenger Tahirah Amatul-Wadud] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190724202953/https://www.masslive.com/politics/2018/09/massachusetts_1st_congressional_district_race_richard_neal_tahirah_amatul-wadud.html |date=July 24, 2019 }}, [[Advance Publications|MassLive LLC]], September 5, 2018. Accessed July 22, 2019.</ref> In the final days of the campaign Neal had $3.1 million in the bank to Amatul-Wadud's $20,000.<ref name="MassL09052018"/>
[[Holyoke, Massachusetts|Holyoke]] mayor [[Alex Morse]] unsuccessfully challenged Neal in the [[2020 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts|2020 Democratic primary election]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Dwyer |first=Dialynn |title='Sometimes the first time around, you don't win,' Holyoke Mayor Alex Morse says following failed run for Congress |url=https://www.boston.com/news/politics/2020/09/02/alex-morse-loss-first-congressional-district-2020-primary |work=Boston Globe |date=September 2, 2020 |access-date=September 3, 2020 |archive-date=September 3, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200903055906/https://www.boston.com/news/politics/2020/09/02/alex-morse-loss-first-congressional-district-2020-primary |url-status=live }}</ref> In the 2020 election, Neal received the most PAC money of any candidate: $3.1 million out of his $4.9 million total raised.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=A 501tax-exempt|first1=OpenSecrets|last2=NW|first2=charitable organization 1300 L. St|last3=Washington|first3=Suite 200|last4=info|first4=DC 20005 telelphone857-0044|title=Top Recipients of PAC Money|url=https://www.opensecrets.org/political-action-committees-pacs/top-recipients/2020|access-date=2021-07-06|website=OpenSecrets|language=en|archive-date=July 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210707230624/http://www.opensecrets.org/political-action-committees-pacs/top-recipients/2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
===Tenure===
[[File:President Bill Clinton and Richard Neal.jpg|thumb|Neal with President [[Bill Clinton]] at the [[White House]]]]
[[File:Richard Neal and Ted Kennedy.jpg|thumb|Neal with Senator [[Ted Kennedy]]]]
Neal has a generally [[liberalism in the United States|liberal]] political record. He was given a 100 percent "Liberal Quotient" by [[Americans for Democratic Action]] (ADA) for his 2008 voting record, and the organization named him one of the year's "ADA Heroes".<ref>"[http://www.adaction.org/media/votingrecords/2008.pdf 2008 Congressional Voting Record] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021185800/http://www.adaction.org/media/votingrecords/2008.pdf |date=October 21, 2013 }}." ''ADA Today'' '''64''': 1. [[Americans for Democratic Action]]. p. 2. Retrieved March 2, 2010.</ref> He was given an 8.19 percent "Lifetime Rating" by the [[American Conservative Union]] (ACU) based on his votes from 1989 to 2009.<ref>"[http://67.20.95.56/ratings/ratingsarchive/2009/House%20Ratings.htm 2009 U.S. House Votes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110705234641/http://67.20.95.56/ratings/ratingsarchive/2009/House%20Ratings.htm |date=July 5, 2011 }}." [[American Conservative Union]]. 2009. Retrieved March 2, 2010.</ref> In the [[110th United States Congress]] Neal voted with the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]] leadership on 98.9 percent of bills;<ref>"[http://projects.washingtonpost.com/congress/110/house/party-voters/ House voting with party scores: 110th Congress] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071229121856/http://projects.washingtonpost.com/congress/110/house/party-voters/|date=2007-12-29}}." ''[[The Washington Post]]''. Retrieved March 2, 2010.</ref> in the [[111th United States Congress]], Neal voted with the Democratic party leadership 95% of the time.<ref name="Votes Database">{{cite web|title=Richard Neal (D)|url=http://projects.washingtonpost.com/congress/members/N000015|access-date=July 20, 2012|work=The U.S. Congress Votes Database|publisher=[[The Washington Post]]|archive-date=July 20, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120720045429/http://projects.washingtonpost.com/congress/members/N000015|url-status=live}}</ref>
Neal voted with President Joe Biden's stated position 100% of the time in the [[117th United States Congress|117th Congress]], according to a ''[[FiveThirtyEight]]'' analysis.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Bycoffe |first1=Aaron |last2=Wiederkehr |first2=Anna |date=2021-04-22 |title=Does Your Member Of Congress Vote With Or Against Biden? |url=https://projects.fivethirtyeight.com/biden-congress-votes/house/ |access-date=2023-11-15 |website=FiveThirtyEight |language=en}}</ref>
Neal served as a member of the House [[Democratic Steering Committee]] in the [[105th Congress]] and was an at-large [[whip (politics)|whip]] for the House Democrats.<ref name="neal-2010" /><ref name="cq-2000" /> He is a co-chair of the New England Congressional Caucus, a group aiming to advance the regional interests of [[New England]].<ref name="neal-2010" />
====Economy and budget====
With several committee posts, Neal has made [[economic policy]] the focus of his career, although his success has been mixed.<ref name="cq-2010" /> He served his first two terms on the [[United States House Committee on Financial Services|House Banking Committee]], where he served on the [[United States House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions and Consumer Credit|Financial Services Subcommittee]]. As the banking reform law of 1991 was being drafted, he cautioned that President [[George H. W. Bush]]'s proposal could negatively affect small businesses and minority-owned businesses. He introduced an amendment to require reports on lending to these businesses, which was adopted.<ref name="cq-1996">Duncan, Philip D., and Lawrence, Christine C. (eds.) (1995). "Neal, Richard E., D-Mass." ''[[CQ's Politics in America|CQ's Politics in America 1996: The 104th Congress]]''. Washington: [[Congressional Quarterly]]. pp. 620–622. {{ISBN|978-0-87187-843-4}}.</ref>
In 1993 Neal moved to the [[United States House Committee on Ways and Means|House Ways and Means Committee]], where he currently serves.<ref name="cq-1996" /> He has been chairman of the [[United States House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Select Revenue Measures|Subcommittee on Select Revenue Measures]] since 2008 and is a member of the [[United States House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Trade|Subcommittee on Trade]]. Previously he served on the [[United States House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Oversight|Oversight]] and [[United States House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Social Security|Social Security]] subcommittees.<ref>"[http://waysandmeans.house.gov/singlepages.aspx?NewsID=10511 Former and Current Members (Select Revenue Measures)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100707015143/http://waysandmeans.house.gov/singlepages.aspx?NewsID=10511|date=2010-07-07}}," "[http://waysandmeans.house.gov/subcommittees/Default.aspx/trade Current Members (Trade)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100627152113/http://waysandmeans.house.gov/subcommittees/Default.aspx/trade|date=2010-06-27}}," "[http://waysandmeans.house.gov/singlepages.aspx?NewsID=10486 Former and Current Members (Oversight)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100707015051/http://waysandmeans.house.gov/singlepages.aspx?NewsID=10486|date=2010-07-07}}," and "[http://waysandmeans.house.gov/singlepages.aspx?NewsID=10924 Former and Current Members (Social Security)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100707015300/http://waysandmeans.house.gov/singlepages.aspx?NewsID=10924|date=2010-07-07}}." ''Committee on Ways and Means'' (official website). Retrieved June 27, 2010.</ref> In the late 2000s analysts considered Neal a likely frontrunner for chairman of the Ways and Means Committee, and in the wake of [[Charles B. Rangel]]'s 2010 departure he began actively seeking the post.<ref name="globe-2010" /><ref>Barry, Stephanie (December 29, 2008). "Rep. Neal in running for major House post." ''[[The Republican (Springfield)|The Republican]]'': p. A1.</ref> In June 2010, while pursuing the chairmanship, he invited campaign contributors to a $5,000-per-person weekend fundraiser in [[Cape Cod]]. This drew fire from ''[[The Boston Globe]]'', which criticized him for "[acceding] to the capital's money culture."<ref>"[http://www.boston.com/bostonglobe/editorial_opinion/editorials/articles/2010/06/09/neal_should_pursue_top_post_but_not_by_charging_for_access/ Neal should pursue top post, but not by charging for access] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100616025605/http://www.boston.com/bostonglobe/editorial_opinion/editorials/articles/2010/06/09/neal_should_pursue_top_post_but_not_by_charging_for_access/ |date=June 16, 2010 }}." ''The Boston Globe''. June 9, 2010. Retrieved September 4, 2010.</ref>
According to [[Congressional Quarterly]]'s ''Politics in America'', one of Neal's longstanding legislative priorities is to simplify the [[federal taxation in the United States|tax code]].<ref name="cq-2010" /> Neal has long advocated repealing the [[Alternative Minimum Tax]] (AMT), believing its effects have reached unreasonably low income brackets.<ref>Nitschke, Lori (February 3, 2001). "Bush's Tax Cut Plan Would Leave Many Snagged by Alternative Minimum Levy." ''CQ Weekly''. [[Congressional Quarterly]]. p. 274.</ref> He led an unsuccessful movement to reform the AMT in 2007.<ref name="cq-2010" /> In 1998 he successfully pushed to exempt a child tax credit from being affected by the AMT, and in 2001 Congress made the exemption permanent at his urging.<ref name="johnston">[[David Cay Johnston|Johnston, David Cay]] (2003). ''[[Perfectly Legal: The Covert Campaign to Rig Our Tax System to Benefit the Super Rich – and Cheat Everyone Else|Perfectly Legal]]''. Portfolio ([[Penguin Group]]). p. 111. {{ISBN|1-59184-019-8}}.</ref> He voted against the tax cuts of 2001 and 2003, saying they would force millions onto the AMT.<ref name="cq-2008">Koszczuk, Jackie, and Angle, Martha (eds.) (2007). "Neal, Richard E., D-Mass." ''[[CQ's Politics in America|CQ's Politics in America 2008: The 110th Congress]]''. Washington: [[Congressional Quarterly]]. pp. 485–486. {{ISBN|978-0-87289-545-4}}.</ref> Another priority of Neal's is to eliminate tax "loopholes" that favor higher-income individuals.<ref name="cq-2010" /> He was the lead proponent of a bill to require federal contractors to pay federal taxes for workers hired through offshore [[shell corporation|shell headquarters]]. The bill, H.R. 6081, passed both houses of Congress unanimously and was signed into law in May 2008.<ref>Stockman, Farah (May 23, 2008). "Senate OK's bill barring contractors from avoiding tax – Some had hired via offshore firms." ''[[The Boston Globe]]'': p. A2.</ref>
On [[trade policy of the United States|trade policy]], Neal has a moderate record, supporting lower trade barriers.<ref name="OTI Free Trade">{{cite web|title=Richard Neal on Free Trade|url=http://www.issues2000.org/MA/Richard_Neal_Free_Trade.htm|access-date=July 9, 2012|work=On The Issues|publisher=OnTheIssues|archive-date=November 25, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101125180032/http://www.issues2000.org/MA/Richard_Neal_Free_Trade.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> He voted against the [[North American Free Trade Agreement]] (NAFTA) in 1993.<ref name="cq-2000" /> In 1995 and 2002 he voted against [[fast track (trade)|fast track]] bills that gave the president the authority to negotiate trade deals without amendments by Congress. In 2007 he voted in favor of the [[United States – Peru Trade Promotion Agreement]] despite some Democratic opposition.<ref name="cq-2010" />
Neal is a strong supporter of the [[Social Security (United States)|Social Security]] program. He moved from the Trade subcommittee to the Social Security subcommittee in 2005 to challenge President [[George W. Bush]]'s [[Social Security debate (United States)|attempts to partially privatize it]].<ref name="cq-2008" /> He pushed a proposal to automatically enroll employees in [[Individual Retirement Account]]s (IRAs), and successfully lobbied President [[Barack Obama]] to include it in a proposed 2009 budget outline.<ref name="cq-2010" />
In February 2019, Neal came under criticism for failing to promptly exercise his authority as Ways and Means Committee chair to subpoena [[Tax returns of Donald Trump|Donald Trump's tax returns]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Young|first1=Shannon|title=Tom Steyer urges US Rep. Richard Neal to immediately request president's tax returns|url=https://www.masslive.com/politics/2019/02/tom-steyer-urges-us-rep-richard-neal-to-immediately-request-presidents-tax-returns.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213170205/https://www.masslive.com/politics/2019/02/tom-steyer-urges-us-rep-richard-neal-to-immediately-request-presidents-tax-returns.html|archive-date=February 13, 2019|website=Mass Live|date=February 13, 2019}}</ref> Citing a need to build a strong case in a potential lawsuit, Neal delayed taking this step until May 2019.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Fandos|first1=Nicholas|title=House Ways and Means Chairman Subpoenas Trump Tax Returns|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/10/us/politics/trump-tax-returns-subpoena.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190511042326/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/10/us/politics/trump-tax-returns-subpoena.html|archive-date=May 11, 2019|website=The New York Times|date=May 10, 2019}}</ref>
In 2019 the House Ways and Means Committee led by Neal passed a bill that would prohibit the IRS from creating a free electronic tax filing system.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Elliott|first=Justin|date=April 9, 2019|title=Congress Is About to Ban the Government From Offering Free Online Tax Filing. Thank TurboTax.|url=https://www.propublica.org/article/congress-is-about-to-ban-the-government-from-offering-free-online-tax-filing-thank-turbotax|access-date=April 9, 2019|website=ProPublica|language=en|archive-date=April 9, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190409110506/https://www.propublica.org/article/congress-is-about-to-ban-the-government-from-offering-free-online-tax-filing-thank-turbotax|url-status=live}}</ref> During his 2016 and 2018 campaigns, Neal received $16,000 in contributions from Intuit and H&R Block, two tax preparation companies that have lobbied against the creation of free tax filing systems.<ref name=":0" />
For his tenure as the chairman of the House Ways and Means Committee in the 116th Congress, Neal earned an "F" grade from the non-partisan [[Richard Lugar|Lugar Center]]'s Congressional Oversight Hearing Index.<ref>{{cite web |title=Congressional Oversight Hearing Index |url=https://oversight-index.thelugarcenter.org/ |website=Welcome to the Congressional Oversight Hearing Index |publisher=The Lugar Center |access-date=February 8, 2021 |archive-date=February 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210208160632/https://oversight-index.thelugarcenter.org/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
====Foreign policy====
[[File:Mark Daly and Richard Neal.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|Neal with the deputy chair of the Irish Senate [[Mark Daly (politician)|Mark Daly]] in May 2022 during a vist to the [[Republic of Ireland]]]]
Descended from [[Irish nationalism|Irish nationalist]] grandparents on both sides, Neal has been an advocate for Irish concerns throughout his Congressional career, pushing to keep the United States involved in the [[Northern Ireland peace process]]. He is the co-chair of the ''ad hoc'' Committee on Irish Affairs, has been chairman of the [[Friends of Ireland (U.S. Congress)|Friends of Ireland]] since 2007, and was considered as a candidate for [[United States Ambassador to Ireland]] in 1998.<ref name="cq-2010" /><ref name="cq-2004">Duncan, Philip D., and Nutting, Brian (eds.) (2004). "Neal, Richard E., D-Mass." ''[[CQ's Politics in America|CQ's Politics in America 2004: The 108th Congress]]''. Washington: [[Congressional Quarterly]]. pp. 483–484. {{ISBN|978-1-56802-813-2}}.</ref> After the disarmament of the [[Provisional Irish Republican Army|Irish Republican Army]] (IRA) in September 2005, Neal was among a group of Congressmen who met with [[Sinn Féin]] [[Member of Parliament|MP]] [[Martin McGuinness]] to congratulate him on the disarmament and ensure a lasting peace had been reached.<ref>Staunton, Denis (September 29, 2005). "McGuinness reassures Washington." ''[[The Irish Times]]'': p. 7.</ref><ref>Murphy, Ryan G. (September 29, 2005). "Rep. Neal praises IRA disarmament." ''[[Telegram & Gazette]]'': p. A8.</ref> Neal invited [[Sinn Féin]] President [[Gerry Adams]] to the [[First inauguration of Barack Obama|inauguration of Barack Obama]] in January 2009.<ref>{{Cite news|date=January 19, 2009|title=Barack Obama inauguration: Gerry Adams to attend ceremony|publisher=The Telegraph|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/barackobama/4293350/Barack-Obama-inauguration-Gerry-Adams-to-attend-ceremony.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091217102946/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/barackobama/4293350/Barack-Obama-inauguration-Gerry-Adams-to-attend-ceremony.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 17, 2009|access-date=June 9, 2009}}</ref> Neal has been named as one of the top 100 [[Irish-Americans]] by ''[[Irish America magazine|Irish America]]'' magazine and received the International Leadership Award from [[The American Ireland Fund]] in 2002.<ref name="cq-2004" /><ref>Black, Chris (March 14, 1998). "Some ammunition for looming rematch." ''[[The Boston Globe]]'': p. A3.</ref>
Neal is an opponent of the [[Iraq War]], saying it was based on false intelligence. He voted against the original [[2003 invasion of Iraq|invasion in 2003]] and opposed [[George W. Bush|President Bush's]] 2006 request to send additional troops.<ref name="cq-2008" /> He cited veterans' affairs as his top priority in 2010.<ref name="boynton-2010">Boynton, Donna (January 15, 2010). "Students grill Rep. Neal on big issues." ''[[Telegram & Gazette]]'': p. B5.</ref>
In 2017, Neal backed the Israeli Anti-Boycott Act, aimed to punish companies that boycott Israel.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Christensen |first1=Dusty |title=Neal backs bill to punish supporters of boycotting Israel |url=https://www.gazettenet.com/Richard-Neal-co-sponsors-controversial-anti-boycott-bill-11400222 |website=Daily Hampshire Gazette |date=July 21, 2017 |access-date=April 15, 2021 |archive-date=April 15, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415132518/https://www.gazettenet.com/Richard-Neal-co-sponsors-controversial-anti-boycott-bill-11400222 |url-status=live }}</ref>
===== Health care =====
A longtime advocate of [[health care reform in the United States|health care reform]], Neal was involved in the major health care reform efforts of 1993–94 and 2009–10. In working on the unsuccessful [[Clinton health care plan of 1993]] he served the interests of the major health insurance and medical companies in his district, achieving a compromise allowing insurance companies to charge small businesses higher premiums.<ref name="cq-1996" /> He was later involved writing the House's 2009 health care reform bill, the [[Affordable Health Care for America Act]]. As chairman of the Select Revenue Measures subcommittee, he had a hand in developing the bill's financing plan. He explained that his priorities were to address "pre-existing conditions, capping out-of-pocket expenses and making sure people don't lose their health care if they lose their job".<ref name="boynton-2010" /><ref>Montgomery, Lori, and Murray, Shailagh (June 19, 2009). "Senate's Health-Care Draft Calls for Most to Buy Insurance, Nixes Obama's 'Public Option'." ''The Washington Post''.</ref> Despite his support for the act, he spoke about his preference for a "piecemeal" approach to health care reform, saying it would allow for a more reasonable debate.<ref name="palpini-2010">Palpini, Kristin (February 12, 2010). "Neal urges piecemeal votes on health care reform." ''[[Telegram & Gazette]]''.</ref>
As chairman of the [[United States House Committee on Ways and Means|House Ways and Means Committee]], before a March 2019 hearing on [[Medicare for All]], Neal told Democrats on the panel that he didn't want the phrase "Medicare for All" to be used. He argued that Medicare for All was wrong on policy and a political loser.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Grim|first1=Ryan|last2=Lacy|first2=Akela|date=June 11, 2019|title=Ways and Means Committee Chair Doesn't Want Medicare for All Hearing to Mention "Medicare for All"|url=https://theintercept.com/2019/06/11/medicare-for-all-ways-means-committee/|access-date=April 9, 2020|website=The Intercept|language=en-US|archive-date=June 11, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611123112/https://theintercept.com/2019/06/11/medicare-for-all-ways-means-committee/|url-status=live}}</ref> In December 2019, some blamed Neal for killing legislation that would have ended surprise medical bills,<ref>{{Cite web|last=McLeod|first=Paul|date=2019-12-19|title=A Deal To End Surprise Medical Billing Was Tanked At The Last Minute|url=https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/paulmcleod/surprise-billing-deal-richard-neal|access-date=2020-05-15|website=BuzzFeed News|language=en|archive-date=April 28, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200428222302/https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/paulmcleod/surprise-billing-deal-richard-neal|url-status=live}}</ref> suspecting it may have been because of industry lobbyist donations to his reelection campaign.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Shaw|first=Donald|date=2020-05-05|title=Neal Took Big Bucks From Lobbyists While Killing a Surprise Medical Bills Fix|url=https://readsludge.com/2020/05/05/neal-took-big-bucks-from-lobbyists-while-killing-a-surprise-medical-bills-fix/|access-date=2020-05-15|website=Sludge|language=en-US|archive-date=May 15, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200515202047/https://readsludge.com/2020/05/05/neal-took-big-bucks-from-lobbyists-while-killing-a-surprise-medical-bills-fix/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Bluth|first=Rachel|date=2020-12-17|title=Congress Considers Bipartisan Compromise Legislation On Surprise Medical Bills|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2019/12/17/788624397/congress-considers-bipartisan-compromise-legislation-on-surprise-medical-bills|access-date=2020-05-15|website=NPR.org|language=en|archive-date=May 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200520161211/https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2019/12/17/788624397/congress-considers-bipartisan-compromise-legislation-on-surprise-medical-bills|url-status=live}}</ref> As of the 2019–20 election cycle, Neal is third-highest among House members in campaign contributions from the health services/HMO industry.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=Rep. Richard E Neal - Massachusetts District 01 |url=https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/industries?cid=N00000153&cycle=2020 | publisher=[[OpenSecrets]] |archive-date=March 10, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210310132303/https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/industries?cid=N00000153&cycle=2020|url-status=live}}</ref> The insurance and pharmaceutical industries are among the top contributors to his campaign committee.<ref name="auto" />
===== Retirement planning =====
Neal introduced the bipartisan [[SECURE Act of 2019]], which contained a number of provisions to expand access to retirement planning options and encourage employers to set up retirement plans for workers. The bill, originally introduced in late March 2019, became law in December 2019 as part of the fiscal year 2020 federal appropriations bill.<ref name="Money">{{cite web|last=O'Brien|first=Elizabeth|date=December 19, 2019|title=Congress Just Passed the Biggest Retirement Bill in More Than a Decade. Here's What You Need to Know|url=https://money.com/what-serure-act-retirement-law-means-for-you/|access-date=December 29, 2019|website=Money.com|archive-date=December 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191230153016/https://money.com/what-serure-act-retirement-law-means-for-you/|url-status=live}}</ref>
===== Ukraine =====
In 2023, Neal was among 49 Democrats to break with President [[Joe Biden]], by voting for a ban on [[Convention on Cluster Munitions|cluster munitions]] to [[Ukraine]].<ref>Sfortinsky, Sarah. “Almost 50 Democrats Snub Biden with Vote against Cluster Bombs for Ukraine.” The Hill, 14 July 2023, https://thehill.com/homenews/house/4097677-almost-50-democrats-snub-biden-with-vote-against-cluster-bombs-for-ukraine/.</ref><ref>“H.Amdt. 243 (Greene) to H.R. 2670: To Prohibit Cluster Munitions ... -- House Vote #317 -- Jul 13, 2023.” GovTrack.Us, https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/118-2023/h317. Accessed 16 July 2023.</ref>
===== Abortion =====
Representing a relatively [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] district, Neal has a more [[conservatism in the United States|conservative]] record on [[abortion in the United States|abortion]] than other representatives from [[Massachusetts]].<ref name="cq-2010" /> He said in 2010, "I have always opposed taxpayer funding of abortion. I'd keep ''[[Roe v. Wade]]'' and restrict it. I've always thought: keep abortion, with restrictions for [[Late termination of pregnancy|late-term abortion]]. [Given] the voting pattern I have, both sides would say I'm mixed, and guess what? That's where the American people are."<ref name="palpini-2010" /> He voted for the [[Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act of 2003]], which made the [[intact dilation and extraction]] abortion procedure illegal in most cases.<ref name="cq-2010" /> During debate on the House health care reform bill, he voted in favor of the [[Stupak–Pitts Amendment]] to restrict government funding of abortion.<ref>Bedard, Paul (November 10, 2009). "[http://politics.usnews.com/news/blogs/washington-whispers/2009/11/10/republicans-hail-the-64-pro-life-democrats.html Republicans Hail the 64 'Pro-Life' Democrats] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211025185049/https://www.usnews.com/news/blogs/washington-whispers/2009/11/10/republicans-hail-the-64-pro-life-democrats |date=October 25, 2021 }}." ''[[U.S. News & World Report]]''. Retrieved June 25, 2010.</ref> In 2021 Neal was listed as an original co-sponsor of the [[Women's Health Protection Act]].<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/3755/cosponsors?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22Womens+Health+Protection+Act%22%5D%2C%22cosponsor-state%22%3A%22Massachusetts%22%7D|title = Cosponsors - H.R.3755 - 117th Congress (2021-2022): Women's Health Protection Act of 2021|date = September 29, 2021|access-date = October 6, 2021|archive-date = October 6, 2021|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211006191603/https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/3755/cosponsors?q=%7B%22search%22:%5B%22Womens+Health+Protection+Act%22%5D,%22cosponsor-state%22:%22Massachusetts%22%7D|url-status = live}}</ref>
===== Other social issues =====
On other social issues Neal has a [[moderate]] record: he supports a proposed [[Flag Desecration Amendment|Constitutional amendment to ban desecration of the U.S. flag]], and has twice voted against an [[Federal Marriage Amendment|amendment to ban same-sex marriage]].<ref name="cq-2010" />
===Committee assignments===
*[[United States House Committee on Ways and Means|Committee on Ways and Means]] (Ranking Member)
**As the chair of the Committee, Rep. Neal is entitled to sit as an ''ex officio'' member in all subcommittee meetings, per the committee's rules.
*[[United States Congressional Joint Committee on Taxation|Joint Committee on Taxation]]
===Caucus memberships===
*[[Congressional Arts Caucus]]
*[[Afterschool Caucuses]]
*[[U.S.-Japan Caucus]]
*New England Congressional Caucus (Co-chair)
*[[Friends of Ireland (U.S. Congress)|Friends of Ireland]]<ref name="Meet Richie"/>
==Personal life==
Neal is a [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]].<ref name="cq-2000" /> He lives in [[Springfield, Massachusetts|Springfield]] with his wife Maureen Neal, née Conway. They have four children: Rory Christopher, Brendan Conway, Maura Katherine, and Sean Richard.<ref name="directory">Alston, Farnsworth; Carter, Mary Ann; Randolph, Sarah (eds.) (2009). "Neal, Richard E." ''[[Official Congressional Directory|Congressional Directory for the 111th Congress (2009–2010)]]''. [[Washington, D.C.|Washington]]: [[United States Government Printing Office|Government Printing Office]]. p. 127. {{ISBN|978-0-16-083727-2}}.</ref> In addition to his duties as a congressman, Neal teaches a journalism course at the [[University of Massachusetts Amherst]] called "The Politician and the Journalist".<ref name="globe-2010" />
==See also==
*[[Electoral history of Richard Neal]]
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
{{commons category}}
{{Wikisource author}}
*[https://neal.house.gov/ Congressman Richard E. Neal] official U.S. House website
*[https://www.nealforcongress.com/ Richard Neal for Congress]
*{{C-SPAN|6103}}
*{{Curlie|Regional/North_America/United_States/Massachusetts/Government/Federal/US_House_of_Representatives/Richard_Neal_%5BD-1%5D}}
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[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1949 births]]
[[Category:20th-century American politicians]]
[[Category:20th-century Massachusetts politicians]]
[[Category:21st-century American politicians]]
[[Category:21st-century Massachusetts politicians]]
[[Category:21st-century Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:American LGBT rights activists]]
[[Category:American International College alumni]]
[[Category:American people of Irish descent]]
[[Category:American people of English descent]]
[[Category:American Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:Catholic politicians from Massachusetts]]
[[Category:Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Massachusetts]]
[[Category:Holyoke Community College alumni]]
[[Category:Springfield, Massachusetts City Council members]]
[[Category:Mayors of Springfield, Massachusetts]]
[[Category:Politicians from Worcester, Massachusetts]]
[[Category:University of Hartford alumni]]
[[Category:University of Massachusetts Amherst faculty]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext) | '{{Short description|American politician (born 1949)}}
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{{Use American English|date=April 2019}}
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{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Richard Neal
| image = Richard Neal 113rd Congress.jpg
| office1 = Ranking Member of the [[United States House Committee on Ways and Means|House Ways and Means Committee]]
| term_start1 = January 9, 2023
| term_end1 =
| predecessor1 = [[Kevin Brady]]
| successor1 =
| term_start2 = January 3, 2017
| term_end2 = January 3, 2019
| predecessor2 = [[Sander Levin]]
| successor2 = Kevin Brady
| office3 = Chair of the [[United States House Committee on Ways and Means|House Ways and Means Committee]]
| term_start3 = January 3, 2019
| term_end3 = January 3, 2023
| predecessor3 = Kevin Brady
| successor3 = [[Jason Smith (American politician)|Jason Smith]]
| state4 = [[Massachusetts]]
| term_start4 = January 3, 1989
| term_end4 =
| predecessor4 = [[Edward Boland]]
| successor4 =
| constituency4 = {{ushr|MA|2|2nd district}} (1989–2013)<br>{{ushr|MA|1|1st district}} (2013–present)
| office5 = 50th [[List of mayors of Springfield, Massachusetts|Mayor of Springfield]]
| term_start5 = January 2, 1984
| term_end5 = January 3, 1989
| predecessor5 = Theodore Dimauro
| successor5 = Mary Hurley
| birth_name = Richard Edmund Neal
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1949|2|14}}
| birth_place = [[Worcester, Massachusetts]], U.S.
| death_date =
| death_place =
| party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]
| spouse = {{marriage|Maureen Conway|1975}}
| children = 4
| education = [[Holyoke Community College]]<br>[[American International College]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])<br>[[University of Hartford]] ([[Master of Arts|MA]])
| signature = Richard Neal signature.png
| website = {{URL|neal.house.gov|House website}}
| module = {{Listen|pos=center|embed=yes|filename=Rep. Richard Neal Speaks in Support of the Build Back Better Act.ogg|title=Richard Neal's voice|type=speech|description=Neal, as chair of the [[House Ways and Means Committee]], speaks in support of the [[Build Back Better Act]]<br/>Recorded November 18, 2021}}
}}
'''Richard Edmund Neal''' (born February 14, 1949) is an American politician serving as the [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. representative]] for {{ushr|Massachusetts|1}} since 1989. The district, numbered as the [[Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district|2nd district]] from 1989 to 2013, includes [[Springfield, Massachusetts|Springfield]], [[West Springfield, Massachusetts|West Springfield]], [[Pittsfield, Massachusetts|Pittsfield]], [[Holyoke, Massachusetts|Holyoke]], [[Agawam, Massachusetts|Agawam]], [[Chicopee, Massachusetts|Chicopee]] and [[Westfield, Massachusetts|Westfield]], and is much more [[Rural area|rural]] than the rest of the state. A member of the [[United States Democratic Party|Democratic Party]], Neal has been the dean of [[United States congressional delegations from Massachusetts|Massachusetts's delegation]] to the [[United States House of Representatives]] since 2013, and he is also the dean of the [[New England]] House delegations.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-06-28|title=Springfield's Richard Neal Will Be the Next Dean of Massachusetts' Congressional Delegation|url=https://neal.house.gov/media-center/in-the-news/springfields-richard-neal-will-be-next-dean-massachusetts-congressional|access-date=2021-03-02|website=Congressman Richard Neal|language=en|archive-date=May 8, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210508150344/https://neal.house.gov/media-center/in-the-news/springfields-richard-neal-will-be-next-dean-massachusetts-congressional|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Meet Richie">{{Cite web|date=2012-12-03|title=Meet Richie|url=https://neal.house.gov/meet-richie|access-date=2021-03-09|website=Congressman Richard Neal|language=en|archive-date=March 18, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210318073721/https://neal.house.gov/meet-richie|url-status=live}}</ref>
Neal was president of the [[Springfield, Massachusetts|Springfield]] City Council from 1979 to 1983 and [[List of mayors of Springfield, Massachusetts|mayor of Springfield]] from 1983 to 1989. He was nearly unopposed when he ran for the House of Representatives in 1988, and took office in 1989.
Neal chaired the [[United States House Committee on Ways and Means|House Ways and Means Committee]] from 2019 to 2023 and chaired the [[United States House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Select Revenue Measures|Subcommittee on Select Revenue Measures]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Neal|first=Richard|title=Opinion {{!}} Why my committee needs the president's tax returns|language=en-US|newspaper=Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/why-my-committee-needs-the-presidents-tax-returns/2019/07/31/05d4505a-b3c8-11e9-8f6c-7828e68cb15f_story.html|access-date=2021-03-09|issn=0190-8286|archive-date=February 2, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210202050901/https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/why-my-committee-needs-the-presidents-tax-returns/2019/07/31/05d4505a-b3c8-11e9-8f6c-7828e68cb15f_story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> He has also dedicated much of his career to [[Ireland–United States relations|U.S.–Ireland relations]] and maintaining American involvement in the [[Northern Ireland peace process]], for which he has won several acclamations. He has a generally [[liberalism in the United States|liberal]] voting record, but is considered a moderate on such issues as [[abortion]] and [[trade]]. In January 2020, Neal was inducted into the [[Irish Americans|Irish American]] Hall of Fame.<ref>Irish Central, "2020 Irish America Hall of Fame inductees announced" January 26, 2020 [https://www.irishcentral.com/roots/irishamerica/2020-irish-america-hall-of-fame-inductees-announced] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200127020918/https://www.irishcentral.com/roots/irishamerica/2020-irish-america-hall-of-fame-inductees-announced|date=January 27, 2020}}</ref>
{{TOC limit|3}}
==Early life, education, and academic career==
Richard Edmund Neal was born in 1949, in [[Worcester, Massachusetts]], the oldest of three children of Mary H. (Garvey) and Edmund John Neal. He and his two younger sisters were raised in Springfield by their mother, a housewife, and their father, a custodian at [[Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company|MassMutual]]. Neal's maternal grandparents were from [[Northern Ireland]] and his paternal grandparents were from [[Ireland]] and [[Cornwall]], [[England]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://freepages.rootsweb.com/~battle/genealogy/reps/neal.htm |title=neal |website=freepages.rootsweb.com |access-date=November 24, 2018 }}{{dead link|date=June 2022|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> Neal's mother died of a heart attack when he was 13, and he was attending Springfield Technical High School when his father, an alcoholic, died. Neal and his two younger sisters moved in with their grandmother and later their aunt, forced to rely on [[Social Security (United States)|Social Security]] checks as they grew up.<ref name="cq-2010">McCutcheon, Chuck, and Lyons, Christina L. (eds.) (2009). "Neal, Richard E., D-Mass." ''[[CQ's Politics in America|CQ's Politics in America 2010: The 111th Congress]]''. Washington: [[Congressional Quarterly]]. pp. 488–489. {{ISBN|978-1-60426-602-3}}.</ref><ref name="globe-2010">Viser, Matt (June 4, 2010). "Neal seeks top job on Ways and Means committee." ''[[The Boston Globe]]'': p. A1.</ref><ref name="gazette-1999">"A profile of a congressman: Populist roots and political instincts of U.S. Rep. Richard Neal." ''[[Daily Hampshire Gazette]]'': p. A1. November 2, 1999.</ref>
After graduating from high school, Neal attended [[Holyoke Community College]] in [[Holyoke, Massachusetts]], and then [[American International College]] in Springfield, with the assistance of survivor's benefits. He graduated in 1972 with a [[Bachelor of Arts]] in [[political science]]. He then attended the [[University of Hartford]]'s Barney School of Business and Public Administration, where he was a member of [[Tau Kappa Epsilon]] Fraternity, graduating in 1976 with a [[Master of Arts]] in [[public administration]].<ref name="globe-2010" /><ref name="neal-2010">Neal, Richard E. "[http://www.house.gov/neal/link4.html Biography] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180423170041/https://www.house.gov/neal/link4.html |date=April 23, 2018 }}." ''Congressman Richard Neal'' (official website). [[United States House of Representatives]]. Retrieved June 27, 2010.</ref><ref name="directory" /><ref>{{cite magazine |date=Summer 2012 |title=Tekes in Politics |url=https://my.tke.org/theteke/2012-Summer.pdf |magazine=The Teke |publisher=[[Tau Kappa Epsilon]] |pages=12–13 |volume=105 |issue=3 |access-date=November 11, 2023}}</ref> Early in his career Neal taught history at [[Cathedral High School (Springfield, Massachusetts)|Cathedral High School]].<ref name="gazette-1999" />
==Local government==
[[File:Richard Neal as Mayor of Springfield.jpg|160px|left|thumb|Neal during his tenure as Mayor of Springfield]]
Neal began his political career as co-chairman of [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] presidential candidate [[George McGovern]]'s 1972 election campaign in Western Massachusetts.<ref name="cq-1988">Duncan, Phil, et al. (December 31, 1988). "House freshmen: Massachusetts—2nd district." ''[[CQ Weekly]]'': p. 3610. [[CQ Press]].</ref> In 1973 he became an assistant to [[List of mayors of Springfield, Massachusetts|Springfield Mayor]] William C. Sullivan. Neal was elected to the Springfield City Council in 1978 and was named President of the City Council in 1979.<ref name="neal-2010" /> The following year he was named as a delegate for presidential candidate [[Ted Kennedy]] at the [[1980 Democratic National Convention]].<ref>Farrell, David (March 5, 1980). "Massachusetts delegates chosen in the primary." ''[[The Boston Globe]]''.</ref> While a city councilor, Neal taught history at Cathedral High School, and gave lectures at [[Springfield College]], [[American International College]], [[Springfield Technical Community College]], and [[Western New England College]].<ref name="union-1989">"Grads to hear Neal talk." ''[[The Republican (Springfield)|The Union-News]]'': p. 14. May 17, 1989.</ref>
In [[1983 Springfield, Massachusetts mayoral election|1983]], Neal made plans to challenge Theodore Dimauro, the Democratic incumbent mayor of Springfield. The pressure led Dimauro to retire and Neal was elected mayor. Neal was reelected in [[1985 Springfield, Massachusetts mayoral election|1985]] and [[1987 Springfield, Massachusetts mayoral election|1987]].<ref name="cq-1988" /> As mayor, Neal oversaw a period of significant economic growth, with over $400 million of development and investment in the city, and a surplus in the city budget. He worked to strengthen Springfield's appearance, pushing to revive and preserve the city's historic homes and initiating a Clean City Campaign to reduce litter.<ref name="union-1989" /><ref name="hall-1988">Hall, Michelle (December 27, 1988). "The new Democrats in the House." ''[[The Washington Post]]'': p. A13.</ref>
==U.S. House of Representatives==
===Elections===
[[File:Ma02 109.gif|thumb|left|260px|The 2nd congressional district of Massachusetts from 2003 to 2013]]
Neal ran for the [[United States House of Representatives]] in {{ushr|MA|2}} in 1988 after 18-term Democratic incumbent [[Edward Boland]] retired. Boland had alerted Neal of his impending retirement, giving him a head start on his campaign. Neal raised $200,000 in campaign contributions and collected signatures across the district before the retirement was formally announced.<ref name="cq-2000">Duncan, Philip D., and Nutting, Brian (eds.) (1999). "Neal, Richard E., D-Mass." ''[[CQ's Politics in America|CQ's Politics in America 2000: The 106th Congress]]''. Washington: [[Congressional Quarterly]]. pp. 488–489. {{ISBN|978-1-56802-470-7}}.</ref> He was unopposed in the Democratic primary, and his only general election opponent was Communist Party candidate Louis R. Godena, whom he defeated with over 80 percent of the vote.<ref>Dendy, Dallas L., Jr. (1989). "[http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/1988election.pdf Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of November 8, 1988] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720125200/http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/1988election.pdf |date=July 20, 2011 }}." [[United States Government Printing Office]]. p. 20. Retrieved March 2, 2010.</ref>
Neal has won reelection every two years since. Former Springfield mayor Theodore Dimauro, reflecting sentiments that Neal had an unfair advantage in the previous election, ran as a challenger in the 1990 Democratic primary. Dimauro's campaign was sullied by a false rumor he spread about the [[Bank of New England]]'s financial situation, and Neal won the primary easily.<ref name="cq-2000" /> He was unopposed in the general election, winning 68 percent of the vote.<ref>Dendy, Dallas L., Jr. (1991). "[http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/1990election.pdf Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of November 6, 1990] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721043024/http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/1990election.pdf |date=July 21, 2011 }}." [[United States Government Printing Office]]. p. 17. Retrieved March 2, 2010.</ref> In 1992, his popularity was threatened by the [[House banking scandal]], in which he had made dozens of unpenalized overdrafts at the House Bank.<ref name="cq-2000" /> After narrowly defeating two Democratic opponents, he was challenged by Republican Anthony W. Ravosa Jr., and Independent Thomas R. Sheehan. Neal won with 53 percent of the vote.<ref>Dendy, Dallas L., Jr. (1993). "[http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/1992election.pdf Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of November 3, 1992] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170123044622/http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/1992election.pdf |date=January 23, 2017 }}." [[United States Government Printing Office]]. p. 32. Retrieved March 2, 2010.</ref>
In a ''[[The Republican (Springfield, Massachusetts)|Springfield Union-News]]'' poll taken in mid-October 1994, Neal was ahead of John Briare by only 6 percentage points. Neal went on to spend nearly $500,000 in the last two weeks of the campaign to defeat Briare. The 1994 general election also featured a third-party candidate, Kate Ross, who received 6% of the vote. With blanks, Neal actually received only 51% of the vote in 1994.<ref>Carle, Robin H. (1995). "[http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/1994election.pdf Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of November 8, 1994] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525002435/http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/1994election.pdf |date=May 25, 2017 }}.[[United States Government Printing Office]]. p. 16.</ref>
Since 1994 Neal has had little electoral opposition. He was challenged by Mark Steele in 1996 and easily dispatched him with 71 percent of the vote<ref>Carle, Robin H. (1995). "[http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/1994election.pdf Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of November 8, 1994] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525002435/http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/1994election.pdf |date=May 25, 2017 }}." [[United States Government Printing Office]]. p. 16. Retrieved March 2, 2010.</ref><ref>Carle, Robin H. (1997). "[http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/1996election.pdf Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of November 5, 1996] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525002438/http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/1996election.pdf |date=May 25, 2017 }}." [[United States Government Printing Office]]. p. 29. Retrieved March 2, 2010.</ref> and ran unopposed in 1998. In 2000 he won the Democratic primary against Joseph R. Fountain, who challenged Neal's positions as "anti-choice" and "anti-gun".<ref>Smock, Frederick A. (May 30, 2000). "Neal may face primary challenge: Springfield man submits nomination papers to run in 2nd district." ''[[Telegram & Gazette]]'': p. B3.</ref> Neal had been unopposed in the general election since 1996, but faced Republican opponent Tom Wesley<ref>Associated Press (September 14, 2010). "[http://news.bostonherald.com/news/politics/view/20100914tom_wesley_wins_gop_nod_in_mass_2nd_district/ Tom Wesley wins GOP nod in Mass. 2nd District] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110613045211/http://news.bostonherald.com/news/politics/view/20100914tom_wesley_wins_gop_nod_in_mass_2nd_district/ |date=June 13, 2011 }}." ''[[The Boston Herald]]''. Retrieved September 14, 2010.</ref> in the [[United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts, 2010|2010 U.S. congressional elections]], which Neal won by a margin of 57% to 43%.
For his first 12 terms in Congress, Neal represented a district centered on Springfield and stretching as far east as the southern and western suburbs of [[Worcester, Massachusetts|Worcester]]. When Massachusetts lost a congressional district after the 2010 census, the bulk of Neal's territory, including his home in Springfield, was merged with the 1st district, held by fellow Democrat [[John Olver]]. While it retained Olver's district number, it was geographically and demographically more Neal's district; it now covered almost all of the Springfield metropolitan area. The prospect of an incumbent vs. incumbent contest was averted when [[John Olver|Olver]] retired. The new 1st was no less Democratic than the old 2nd, and Neal was reelected without much difficulty in 2012, 2014 and 2016.
In the 2018 Democratic primary, Neal defeated Springfield attorney Tahirah Amatul-Wadud, 70.7% to 29.3%.<ref name="MassL09052018">Young, Shannon. [https://www.masslive.com/politics/2018/09/massachusetts_1st_congressional_district_race_richard_neal_tahirah_amatul-wadud.html Massachusetts 1st Congressional District race: Richard Neal defeats Democratic challenger Tahirah Amatul-Wadud] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190724202953/https://www.masslive.com/politics/2018/09/massachusetts_1st_congressional_district_race_richard_neal_tahirah_amatul-wadud.html |date=July 24, 2019 }}, [[Advance Publications|MassLive LLC]], September 5, 2018. Accessed July 22, 2019.</ref> In the final days of the campaign Neal had $3.1 million in the bank to Amatul-Wadud's $20,000.<ref name="MassL09052018"/>
[[Holyoke, Massachusetts|Holyoke]] mayor [[Alex Morse]] unsuccessfully challenged Neal in the [[2020 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts|2020 Democratic primary election]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Dwyer |first=Dialynn |title='Sometimes the first time around, you don't win,' Holyoke Mayor Alex Morse says following failed run for Congress |url=https://www.boston.com/news/politics/2020/09/02/alex-morse-loss-first-congressional-district-2020-primary |work=Boston Globe |date=September 2, 2020 |access-date=September 3, 2020 |archive-date=September 3, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200903055906/https://www.boston.com/news/politics/2020/09/02/alex-morse-loss-first-congressional-district-2020-primary |url-status=live }}</ref> In the 2020 election, Neal received the most PAC money of any candidate: $3.1 million out of his $4.9 million total raised.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=A 501tax-exempt|first1=OpenSecrets|last2=NW|first2=charitable organization 1300 L. St|last3=Washington|first3=Suite 200|last4=info|first4=DC 20005 telelphone857-0044|title=Top Recipients of PAC Money|url=https://www.opensecrets.org/political-action-committees-pacs/top-recipients/2020|access-date=2021-07-06|website=OpenSecrets|language=en|archive-date=July 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210707230624/http://www.opensecrets.org/political-action-committees-pacs/top-recipients/2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
===Tenure===
[[File:President Bill Clinton and Richard Neal.jpg|thumb|Neal with President [[Bill Clinton]] at the [[White House]]]]
[[File:Richard Neal and Ted Kennedy.jpg|thumb|Neal with Senator [[Ted Kennedy]]]]
Neal has a generally [[liberalism in the United States|liberal]] political record. He was given a 100 percent "Liberal Quotient" by [[Americans for Democratic Action]] (ADA) for his 2008 voting record, and the organization named him one of the year's "ADA Heroes".<ref>"[http://www.adaction.org/media/votingrecords/2008.pdf 2008 Congressional Voting Record] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021185800/http://www.adaction.org/media/votingrecords/2008.pdf |date=October 21, 2013 }}." ''ADA Today'' '''64''': 1. [[Americans for Democratic Action]]. p. 2. Retrieved March 2, 2010.</ref> He was given an 8.19 percent "Lifetime Rating" by the [[American Conservative Union]] (ACU) based on his votes from 1989 to 2009.<ref>"[http://67.20.95.56/ratings/ratingsarchive/2009/House%20Ratings.htm 2009 U.S. House Votes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110705234641/http://67.20.95.56/ratings/ratingsarchive/2009/House%20Ratings.htm |date=July 5, 2011 }}." [[American Conservative Union]]. 2009. Retrieved March 2, 2010.</ref> In the [[110th United States Congress]] Neal voted with the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]] leadership on 98.9 percent of bills;<ref>"[http://projects.washingtonpost.com/congress/110/house/party-voters/ House voting with party scores: 110th Congress] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071229121856/http://projects.washingtonpost.com/congress/110/house/party-voters/|date=2007-12-29}}." ''[[The Washington Post]]''. Retrieved March 2, 2010.</ref> in the [[111th United States Congress]], Neal voted with the Democratic party leadership 95% of the time.<ref name="Votes Database">{{cite web|title=Richard Neal (D)|url=http://projects.washingtonpost.com/congress/members/N000015|access-date=July 20, 2012|work=The U.S. Congress Votes Database|publisher=[[The Washington Post]]|archive-date=July 20, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120720045429/http://projects.washingtonpost.com/congress/members/N000015|url-status=live}}</ref>
Neal voted with President Joe Biden's stated position 100% of the time in the [[117th United States Congress|117th Congress]], according to a ''[[FiveThirtyEight]]'' analysis.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Bycoffe |first1=Aaron |last2=Wiederkehr |first2=Anna |date=2021-04-22 |title=Does Your Member Of Congress Vote With Or Against Biden? |url=https://projects.fivethirtyeight.com/biden-congress-votes/house/ |access-date=2023-11-15 |website=FiveThirtyEight |language=en}}</ref>
Neal served as a member of the House [[Democratic Steering Committee]] in the [[105th Congress]] and was an at-large [[whip (politics)|whip]] for the House Democrats.<ref name="neal-2010" /><ref name="cq-2000" /> He is a co-chair of the New England Congressional Caucus, a group aiming to advance the regional interests of [[New England]].<ref name="neal-2010" />
====Economy and budget====
With several committee posts, Neal has made [[economic policy]] the focus of his career, although his success has been mixed.<ref name="cq-2010" /> He served his first two terms on the [[United States House Committee on Financial Services|House Banking Committee]], where he served on the [[United States House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions and Consumer Credit|Financial Services Subcommittee]]. As the banking reform law of 1991 was being drafted, he cautioned that President [[George H. W. Bush]]'s proposal could negatively affect small businesses and minority-owned businesses. He introduced an amendment to require reports on lending to these businesses, which was adopted.<ref name="cq-1996">Duncan, Philip D., and Lawrence, Christine C. (eds.) (1995). "Neal, Richard E., D-Mass." ''[[CQ's Politics in America|CQ's Politics in America 1996: The 104th Congress]]''. Washington: [[Congressional Quarterly]]. pp. 620–622. {{ISBN|978-0-87187-843-4}}.</ref>
In 1993 Neal moved to the [[United States House Committee on Ways and Means|House Ways and Means Committee]], where he currently serves.<ref name="cq-1996" /> He has been chairman of the [[United States House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Select Revenue Measures|Subcommittee on Select Revenue Measures]] since 2008 and is a member of the [[United States House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Trade|Subcommittee on Trade]]. Previously he served on the [[United States House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Oversight|Oversight]] and [[United States House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Social Security|Social Security]] subcommittees.<ref>"[http://waysandmeans.house.gov/singlepages.aspx?NewsID=10511 Former and Current Members (Select Revenue Measures)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100707015143/http://waysandmeans.house.gov/singlepages.aspx?NewsID=10511|date=2010-07-07}}," "[http://waysandmeans.house.gov/subcommittees/Default.aspx/trade Current Members (Trade)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100627152113/http://waysandmeans.house.gov/subcommittees/Default.aspx/trade|date=2010-06-27}}," "[http://waysandmeans.house.gov/singlepages.aspx?NewsID=10486 Former and Current Members (Oversight)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100707015051/http://waysandmeans.house.gov/singlepages.aspx?NewsID=10486|date=2010-07-07}}," and "[http://waysandmeans.house.gov/singlepages.aspx?NewsID=10924 Former and Current Members (Social Security)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100707015300/http://waysandmeans.house.gov/singlepages.aspx?NewsID=10924|date=2010-07-07}}." ''Committee on Ways and Means'' (official website). Retrieved June 27, 2010.</ref> In the late 2000s analysts considered Neal a likely frontrunner for chairman of the Ways and Means Committee, and in the wake of [[Charles B. Rangel]]'s 2010 departure he began actively seeking the post.<ref name="globe-2010" /><ref>Barry, Stephanie (December 29, 2008). "Rep. Neal in running for major House post." ''[[The Republican (Springfield)|The Republican]]'': p. A1.</ref> In June 2010, while pursuing the chairmanship, he invited campaign contributors to a $5,000-per-person weekend fundraiser in [[Cape Cod]]. This drew fire from ''[[The Boston Globe]]'', which criticized him for "[acceding] to the capital's money culture."<ref>"[http://www.boston.com/bostonglobe/editorial_opinion/editorials/articles/2010/06/09/neal_should_pursue_top_post_but_not_by_charging_for_access/ Neal should pursue top post, but not by charging for access] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100616025605/http://www.boston.com/bostonglobe/editorial_opinion/editorials/articles/2010/06/09/neal_should_pursue_top_post_but_not_by_charging_for_access/ |date=June 16, 2010 }}." ''The Boston Globe''. June 9, 2010. Retrieved September 4, 2010.</ref>
According to [[Congressional Quarterly]]'s ''Politics in America'', one of Neal's longstanding legislative priorities is to simplify the [[federal taxation in the United States|tax code]].<ref name="cq-2010" /> Neal has long advocated repealing the [[Alternative Minimum Tax]] (AMT), believing its effects have reached unreasonably low income brackets.<ref>Nitschke, Lori (February 3, 2001). "Bush's Tax Cut Plan Would Leave Many Snagged by Alternative Minimum Levy." ''CQ Weekly''. [[Congressional Quarterly]]. p. 274.</ref> He led an unsuccessful movement to reform the AMT in 2007.<ref name="cq-2010" /> In 1998 he successfully pushed to exempt a child tax credit from being affected by the AMT, and in 2001 Congress made the exemption permanent at his urging.<ref name="johnston">[[David Cay Johnston|Johnston, David Cay]] (2003). ''[[Perfectly Legal: The Covert Campaign to Rig Our Tax System to Benefit the Super Rich – and Cheat Everyone Else|Perfectly Legal]]''. Portfolio ([[Penguin Group]]). p. 111. {{ISBN|1-59184-019-8}}.</ref> He voted against the tax cuts of 2001 and 2003, saying they would force millions onto the AMT.<ref name="cq-2008">Koszczuk, Jackie, and Angle, Martha (eds.) (2007). "Neal, Richard E., D-Mass." ''[[CQ's Politics in America|CQ's Politics in America 2008: The 110th Congress]]''. Washington: [[Congressional Quarterly]]. pp. 485–486. {{ISBN|978-0-87289-545-4}}.</ref> Another priority of Neal's is to eliminate tax "loopholes" that favor higher-income individuals.<ref name="cq-2010" /> He was the lead proponent of a bill to require federal contractors to pay federal taxes for workers hired through offshore [[shell corporation|shell headquarters]]. The bill, H.R. 6081, passed both houses of Congress unanimously and was signed into law in May 2008.<ref>Stockman, Farah (May 23, 2008). "Senate OK's bill barring contractors from avoiding tax – Some had hired via offshore firms." ''[[The Boston Globe]]'': p. A2.</ref>
On [[trade policy of the United States|trade policy]], Neal has a moderate record, supporting lower trade barriers.<ref name="OTI Free Trade">{{cite web|title=Richard Neal on Free Trade|url=http://www.issues2000.org/MA/Richard_Neal_Free_Trade.htm|access-date=July 9, 2012|work=On The Issues|publisher=OnTheIssues|archive-date=November 25, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101125180032/http://www.issues2000.org/MA/Richard_Neal_Free_Trade.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> He voted against the [[North American Free Trade Agreement]] (NAFTA) in 1993.<ref name="cq-2000" /> In 1995 and 2002 he voted against [[fast track (trade)|fast track]] bills that gave the president the authority to negotiate trade deals without amendments by Congress. In 2007 he voted in favor of the [[United States – Peru Trade Promotion Agreement]] despite some Democratic opposition.<ref name="cq-2010" />
Neal is a strong supporter of the [[Social Security (United States)|Social Security]] program. He moved from the Trade subcommittee to the Social Security subcommittee in 2005 to challenge President [[George W. Bush]]'s [[Social Security debate (United States)|attempts to partially privatize it]].<ref name="cq-2008" /> He pushed a proposal to automatically enroll employees in [[Individual Retirement Account]]s (IRAs), and successfully lobbied President [[Barack Obama]] to include it in a proposed 2009 budget outline.<ref name="cq-2010" />
In February 2019, Neal came under criticism for failing to promptly exercise his authority as Ways and Means Committee chair to subpoena [[Tax returns of Donald Trump|Donald Trump's tax returns]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Young|first1=Shannon|title=Tom Steyer urges US Rep. Richard Neal to immediately request president's tax returns|url=https://www.masslive.com/politics/2019/02/tom-steyer-urges-us-rep-richard-neal-to-immediately-request-presidents-tax-returns.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213170205/https://www.masslive.com/politics/2019/02/tom-steyer-urges-us-rep-richard-neal-to-immediately-request-presidents-tax-returns.html|archive-date=February 13, 2019|website=Mass Live|date=February 13, 2019}}</ref> Citing a need to build a strong case in a potential lawsuit, Neal delayed taking this step until May 2019.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Fandos|first1=Nicholas|title=House Ways and Means Chairman Subpoenas Trump Tax Returns|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/10/us/politics/trump-tax-returns-subpoena.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190511042326/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/10/us/politics/trump-tax-returns-subpoena.html|archive-date=May 11, 2019|website=The New York Times|date=May 10, 2019}}</ref>
In 2019 the House Ways and Means Committee led by Neal passed a bill that would prohibit the IRS from creating a free electronic tax filing system.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Elliott|first=Justin|date=April 9, 2019|title=Congress Is About to Ban the Government From Offering Free Online Tax Filing. Thank TurboTax.|url=https://www.propublica.org/article/congress-is-about-to-ban-the-government-from-offering-free-online-tax-filing-thank-turbotax|access-date=April 9, 2019|website=ProPublica|language=en|archive-date=April 9, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190409110506/https://www.propublica.org/article/congress-is-about-to-ban-the-government-from-offering-free-online-tax-filing-thank-turbotax|url-status=live}}</ref> During his 2016 and 2018 campaigns, Neal received $16,000 in contributions from Intuit and H&R Block, two tax preparation companies that have lobbied against the creation of free tax filing systems.<ref name=":0" />
For his tenure as the chairman of the House Ways and Means Committee in the 116th Congress, Neal earned an "F" grade from the non-partisan [[Richard Lugar|Lugar Center]]'s Congressional Oversight Hearing Index.<ref>{{cite web |title=Congressional Oversight Hearing Index |url=https://oversight-index.thelugarcenter.org/ |website=Welcome to the Congressional Oversight Hearing Index |publisher=The Lugar Center |access-date=February 8, 2021 |archive-date=February 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210208160632/https://oversight-index.thelugarcenter.org/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
====Foreign policy====
[[File:Mark Daly and Richard Neal.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|Neal with the deputy chair of the Irish Senate [[Mark Daly (politician)|Mark Daly]] in May 2022 during a vist to the [[Republic of Ireland]]]]
Descended from [[Irish nationalism|Irish nationalist]] grandparents on both sides, Neal has been an advocate for Irish concerns throughout his Congressional career, pushing to keep the United States involved in the [[Northern Ireland peace process]]. He is the co-chair of the ''ad hoc'' Committee on Irish Affairs, has been chairman of the [[Friends of Ireland (U.S. Congress)|Friends of Ireland]] since 2007, and was considered as a candidate for [[United States Ambassador to Ireland]] in 1998.<ref name="cq-2010" /><ref name="cq-2004">Duncan, Philip D., and Nutting, Brian (eds.) (2004). "Neal, Richard E., D-Mass." ''[[CQ's Politics in America|CQ's Politics in America 2004: The 108th Congress]]''. Washington: [[Congressional Quarterly]]. pp. 483–484. {{ISBN|978-1-56802-813-2}}.</ref> After the disarmament of the [[Provisional Irish Republican Army|Irish Republican Army]] (IRA) in September 2005, Neal was among a group of Congressmen who met with [[Sinn Féin]] [[Member of Parliament|MP]] [[Martin McGuinness]] to congratulate him on the disarmament and ensure a lasting peace had been reached.<ref>Staunton, Denis (September 29, 2005). "McGuinness reassures Washington." ''[[The Irish Times]]'': p. 7.</ref><ref>Murphy, Ryan G. (September 29, 2005). "Rep. Neal praises IRA disarmament." ''[[Telegram & Gazette]]'': p. A8.</ref> Neal invited [[Sinn Féin]] President [[Gerry Adams]] to the [[First inauguration of Barack Obama|inauguration of Barack Obama]] in January 2009.<ref>{{Cite news|date=January 19, 2009|title=Barack Obama inauguration: Gerry Adams to attend ceremony|publisher=The Telegraph|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/barackobama/4293350/Barack-Obama-inauguration-Gerry-Adams-to-attend-ceremony.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091217102946/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/barackobama/4293350/Barack-Obama-inauguration-Gerry-Adams-to-attend-ceremony.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 17, 2009|access-date=June 9, 2009}}</ref> Neal has been named as one of the top 100 [[Irish-Americans]] by ''[[Irish America magazine|Irish America]]'' magazine and received the International Leadership Award from [[The American Ireland Fund]] in 2002.<ref name="cq-2004" /><ref>Black, Chris (March 14, 1998). "Some ammunition for looming rematch." ''[[The Boston Globe]]'': p. A3.</ref>
Neal is an opponent of the [[Iraq War]], saying it was based on false intelligence. He voted against the original [[2003 invasion of Iraq|invasion in 2003]] and opposed [[George W. Bush|President Bush's]] 2006 request to send additional troops.<ref name="cq-2008" /> He cited veterans' affairs as his top priority in 2010.<ref name="boynton-2010">Boynton, Donna (January 15, 2010). "Students grill Rep. Neal on big issues." ''[[Telegram & Gazette]]'': p. B5.</ref>
In 2017, Neal backed the Israeli Anti-Boycott Act, aimed to punish companies that boycott Israel.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Christensen |first1=Dusty |title=Neal backs bill to punish supporters of boycotting Israel |url=https://www.gazettenet.com/Richard-Neal-co-sponsors-controversial-anti-boycott-bill-11400222 |website=Daily Hampshire Gazette |date=July 21, 2017 |access-date=April 15, 2021 |archive-date=April 15, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415132518/https://www.gazettenet.com/Richard-Neal-co-sponsors-controversial-anti-boycott-bill-11400222 |url-status=live }}</ref>
===== Health care =====
A longtime advocate of [[health care reform in the United States|health care reform]], Neal was involved in the major health care reform efforts of 1993–94 and 2009–10. In working on the unsuccessful [[Clinton health care plan of 1993]] he served the interests of the major health insurance and medical companies in his district, achieving a compromise allowing insurance companies to charge small businesses higher premiums.<ref name="cq-1996" /> He was later involved writing the House's 2009 health care reform bill, the [[Affordable Health Care for America Act]]. As chairman of the Select Revenue Measures subcommittee, he had a hand in developing the bill's financing plan. He explained that his priorities were to address "pre-existing conditions, capping out-of-pocket expenses and making sure people don't lose their health care if they lose their job".<ref name="boynton-2010" /><ref>Montgomery, Lori, and Murray, Shailagh (June 19, 2009). "Senate's Health-Care Draft Calls for Most to Buy Insurance, Nixes Obama's 'Public Option'." ''The Washington Post''.</ref> Despite his support for the act, he spoke about his preference for a "piecemeal" approach to health care reform, saying it would allow for a more reasonable debate.<ref name="palpini-2010">Palpini, Kristin (February 12, 2010). "Neal urges piecemeal votes on health care reform." ''[[Telegram & Gazette]]''.</ref>
As chairman of the [[United States House Committee on Ways and Means|House Ways and Means Committee]], before a March 2019 hearing on [[Medicare for All]], Neal told Democrats on the panel that he didn't want the phrase "Medicare for All" to be used. He argued that Medicare for All was wrong on policy and a political loser.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Grim|first1=Ryan|last2=Lacy|first2=Akela|date=June 11, 2019|title=Ways and Means Committee Chair Doesn't Want Medicare for All Hearing to Mention "Medicare for All"|url=https://theintercept.com/2019/06/11/medicare-for-all-ways-means-committee/|access-date=April 9, 2020|website=The Intercept|language=en-US|archive-date=June 11, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611123112/https://theintercept.com/2019/06/11/medicare-for-all-ways-means-committee/|url-status=live}}</ref> In December 2019, some blamed Neal for killing legislation that would have ended surprise medical bills,<ref>{{Cite web|last=McLeod|first=Paul|date=2019-12-19|title=A Deal To End Surprise Medical Billing Was Tanked At The Last Minute|url=https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/paulmcleod/surprise-billing-deal-richard-neal|access-date=2020-05-15|website=BuzzFeed News|language=en|archive-date=April 28, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200428222302/https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/paulmcleod/surprise-billing-deal-richard-neal|url-status=live}}</ref> suspecting it may have been because of industry lobbyist donations to his reelection campaign.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Shaw|first=Donald|date=2020-05-05|title=Neal Took Big Bucks From Lobbyists While Killing a Surprise Medical Bills Fix|url=https://readsludge.com/2020/05/05/neal-took-big-bucks-from-lobbyists-while-killing-a-surprise-medical-bills-fix/|access-date=2020-05-15|website=Sludge|language=en-US|archive-date=May 15, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200515202047/https://readsludge.com/2020/05/05/neal-took-big-bucks-from-lobbyists-while-killing-a-surprise-medical-bills-fix/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Bluth|first=Rachel|date=2020-12-17|title=Congress Considers Bipartisan Compromise Legislation On Surprise Medical Bills|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2019/12/17/788624397/congress-considers-bipartisan-compromise-legislation-on-surprise-medical-bills|access-date=2020-05-15|website=NPR.org|language=en|archive-date=May 20, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200520161211/https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2019/12/17/788624397/congress-considers-bipartisan-compromise-legislation-on-surprise-medical-bills|url-status=live}}</ref> As of the 2019–20 election cycle, Neal is third-highest among House members in campaign contributions from the health services/HMO industry.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=Rep. Richard E Neal - Massachusetts District 01 |url=https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/industries?cid=N00000153&cycle=2020 | publisher=[[OpenSecrets]] |archive-date=March 10, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210310132303/https://www.opensecrets.org/members-of-congress/industries?cid=N00000153&cycle=2020|url-status=live}}</ref> The insurance and pharmaceutical industries are among the top contributors to his campaign committee.<ref name="auto" />
===== Retirement planning =====
Neal introduced the bipartisan [[SECURE Act of 2019]], which contained a number of provisions to expand access to retirement planning options and encourage employers to set up retirement plans for workers. The bill, originally introduced in late March 2019, became law in December 2019 as part of the fiscal year 2020 federal appropriations bill.<ref name="Money">{{cite web|last=O'Brien|first=Elizabeth|date=December 19, 2019|title=Congress Just Passed the Biggest Retirement Bill in More Than a Decade. Here's What You Need to Know|url=https://money.com/what-serure-act-retirement-law-means-for-you/|access-date=December 29, 2019|website=Money.com|archive-date=December 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191230153016/https://money.com/what-serure-act-retirement-law-means-for-you/|url-status=live}}</ref>
===== Ukraine =====
In 2023, Neal was among 49 Democrats to break with President [[Joe Biden]], by voting for a ban on [[Convention on Cluster Munitions|cluster munitions]] to [[Ukraine]].<ref>Sfortinsky, Sarah. “Almost 50 Democrats Snub Biden with Vote against Cluster Bombs for Ukraine.” The Hill, 14 July 2023, https://thehill.com/homenews/house/4097677-almost-50-democrats-snub-biden-with-vote-against-cluster-bombs-for-ukraine/.</ref><ref>“H.Amdt. 243 (Greene) to H.R. 2670: To Prohibit Cluster Munitions ... -- House Vote #317 -- Jul 13, 2023.” GovTrack.Us, https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/118-2023/h317. Accessed 16 July 2023.</ref>
===== Abortion =====
Representing a relatively [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] district, Neal has a more [[conservatism in the United States|conservative]] record on [[abortion in the United States|abortion]] than other representatives from [[Massachusetts]].<ref name="cq-2010" /> He said in 2010, "I have always opposed taxpayer funding of abortion. I'd keep ''[[Roe v. Wade]]'' and restrict it. I've always thought: keep abortion, with restrictions for [[Late termination of pregnancy|late-term abortion]]. [Given] the voting pattern I have, both sides would say I'm mixed, and guess what? That's where the American people are."<ref name="palpini-2010" /> He voted for the [[Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act of 2003]], which made the [[intact dilation and extraction]] abortion procedure illegal in most cases.<ref name="cq-2010" /> During debate on the House health care reform bill, he voted in favor of the [[Stupak–Pitts Amendment]] to restrict government funding of abortion.<ref>Bedard, Paul (November 10, 2009). "[http://politics.usnews.com/news/blogs/washington-whispers/2009/11/10/republicans-hail-the-64-pro-life-democrats.html Republicans Hail the 64 'Pro-Life' Democrats] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211025185049/https://www.usnews.com/news/blogs/washington-whispers/2009/11/10/republicans-hail-the-64-pro-life-democrats |date=October 25, 2021 }}." ''[[U.S. News & World Report]]''. Retrieved June 25, 2010.</ref> In 2021 Neal was listed as an original co-sponsor of the [[Women's Health Protection Act]].<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/3755/cosponsors?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22Womens+Health+Protection+Act%22%5D%2C%22cosponsor-state%22%3A%22Massachusetts%22%7D|title = Cosponsors - H.R.3755 - 117th Congress (2021-2022): Women's Health Protection Act of 2021|date = September 29, 2021|access-date = October 6, 2021|archive-date = October 6, 2021|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211006191603/https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/3755/cosponsors?q=%7B%22search%22:%5B%22Womens+Health+Protection+Act%22%5D,%22cosponsor-state%22:%22Massachusetts%22%7D|url-status = live}}</ref>
===== Other social issues =====
On other social issues Neal has a [[moderate]] record: he supports a proposed [[Flag Desecration Amendment|Constitutional amendment to ban desecration of the U.S. flag]], and has twice voted against an [[Federal Marriage Amendment|amendment to ban same-sex marriage]].<ref name="cq-2010" />
===Committee assignments===
*[[United States House Committee on Ways and Means|Committee on Ways and Means]] (Ranking Member)
**As the chair of the Committee, Rep. Neal is entitled to sit as an ''ex officio'' member in all subcommittee meetings, per the committee's rules.
*[[United States Congressional Joint Committee on Taxation|Joint Committee on Taxation]]
===Caucus memberships===
*[[Congressional Arts Caucus]]
*[[Afterschool Caucuses]]
*[[U.S.-Japan Caucus]]
*New England Congressional Caucus (Co-chair)
*[[Friends of Ireland (U.S. Congress)|Friends of Ireland]]<ref name="Meet Richie"/>
==Personal life==
Neal is a [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]].<ref name="cq-2000" /> He lives in [[Springfield, Massachusetts|Springfield]] with his wife Maureen Neal, née Conway. They have four children: Rory Christopher, Brendan Conway, Maura Katherine, and Sean Richard.<ref name="directory">Alston, Farnsworth; Carter, Mary Ann; Randolph, Sarah (eds.) (2009). "Neal, Richard E." ''[[Official Congressional Directory|Congressional Directory for the 111th Congress (2009–2010)]]''. [[Washington, D.C.|Washington]]: [[United States Government Printing Office|Government Printing Office]]. p. 127. {{ISBN|978-0-16-083727-2}}.</ref> In addition to his duties as a congressman, Neal teaches a journalism course at the [[University of Massachusetts Amherst]] called "The Politician and the Journalist".<ref name="globe-2010" />
==See also==
*[[Electoral history of Richard Neal]]
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
{{commons category}}
{{Wikisource author}}
*[https://neal.house.gov/ Congressman Richard E. Neal] official U.S. House website
*[https://www.nealforcongress.com/ Richard Neal for Congress]
*{{C-SPAN|6103}}
*{{Curlie|Regional/North_America/United_States/Massachusetts/Government/Federal/US_House_of_Representatives/Richard_Neal_%5BD-1%5D}}
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[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1949 births]]
[[Category:20th-century American politicians]]
[[Category:20th-century Massachusetts politicians]]
[[Category:21st-century American politicians]]
[[Category:21st-century Massachusetts politicians]]
[[Category:21st-century Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:American LGBT rights activists]]
[[Category:American International College alumni]]
[[Category:American people of Irish descent]]
[[Category:American people of English descent]]
[[Category:American Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:Catholic politicians from Massachusetts]]
[[Category:Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Massachusetts]]
[[Category:Holyoke Community College alumni]]
[[Category:Springfield, Massachusetts City Council members]]
[[Category:Mayors of Springfield, Massachusetts]]
[[Category:Politicians from Worcester, Massachusetts]]
[[Category:University of Hartford alumni]]
[[Category:University of Massachusetts Amherst faculty]]' |
Parsed HTML source of the new revision (new_html) | '<div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American politician (born 1949)</div>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1033289096">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other people named Richard Neal, see <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Richard_Neal_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Richard Neal (disambiguation)">Richard Neal (disambiguation)</a>.</div>
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</p>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1218072481">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Richard Neal</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:Error mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/enwiki//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Upload?wpDestFile=Richard_Neal_113rd_Congress.jpg" class="new" title="File:Richard Neal 113rd Congress.jpg"><span class="mw-file-element mw-broken-media">File:Richard Neal 113rd Congress.jpg</span></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1218072481"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Ranking Member of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Ways_and_Means" title="United States House Committee on Ways and Means">House Ways and Means Committee</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><div style="width:100%; margin:0; background-color: lavender"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Incumbent" title="Incumbent">Incumbent</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>Assumed office</b></span> <br />January 9, 2023</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1218072481"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kevin_Brady" title="Kevin Brady">Kevin Brady</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1218072481"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 3, 2017 – January 3, 2019</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1218072481"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sander_Levin" title="Sander Levin">Sander Levin</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Kevin Brady</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1218072481"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Chair of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Ways_and_Means" title="United States House Committee on Ways and Means">House Ways and Means Committee</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 3, 2019 – January 3, 2023</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1218072481"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Kevin Brady</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jason_Smith_(American_politician)" title="Jason Smith (American politician)">Jason Smith</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1218072481"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <span style="display: inline-block;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a></span><br />from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><div style="width:100%; margin:0; background-color: lavender"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Incumbent" title="Incumbent">Incumbent</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>Assumed office</b></span> <br />January 3, 1989</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1218072481"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Edward_Boland" title="Edward Boland">Edward Boland</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts02 !"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district">2nd district</a></span> (1989–2013)<br /><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts01 !"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_1st_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 1st congressional district">1st district</a></span> (2013–present)</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1218072481"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">50th <a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Springfield,_Massachusetts" title="List of mayors of Springfield, Massachusetts">Mayor of Springfield</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 2, 1984 – January 3, 1989</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1218072481"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Theodore Dimauro</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Mary Hurley</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2">
</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Richard Edmund Neal</div><br /><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1949-02-14</span>) </span>February 14, 1949<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 75)</span><br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Worcester,_Massachusetts" title="Worcester, Massachusetts">Worcester, Massachusetts</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style>
<div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;">Maureen Conway</div> <div style="display:inline-block;">​</div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1975)<wbr />​</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">4</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Holyoke_Community_College" title="Holyoke Community College">Holyoke Community College</a><br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/American_International_College" title="American International College">American International College</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a>)<br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/University_of_Hartford" title="University of Hartford">University of Hartford</a> (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Master_of_Arts" title="Master of Arts">MA</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Richard_Neal_signature.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Richard Neal's signature"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Richard_Neal_signature.png/128px-Richard_Neal_signature.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Richard_Neal_signature.png/192px-Richard_Neal_signature.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Richard_Neal_signature.png/256px-Richard_Neal_signature.png 2x" data-file-width="1044" data-file-height="255" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://neal.house.gov">House website</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1217611005">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-left listen noprint listen-embedded listen-noimage listen-center"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style>
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<div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Rep._Richard_Neal_Speaks_in_Support_of_the_Build_Back_Better_Act.ogg" title="File:Rep. Richard Neal Speaks in Support of the Build Back Better Act.ogg">Richard Neal's voice</a></div>
<div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" class="mw-file-element" width="215" style="width:215px;" data-durationhint="224" data-mwtitle="Rep._Richard_Neal_Speaks_in_Support_of_the_Build_Back_Better_Act.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/9/9d/Rep._Richard_Neal_Speaks_in_Support_of_the_Build_Back_Better_Act.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9d/Rep._Richard_Neal_Speaks_in_Support_of_the_Build_Back_Better_Act.ogg/Rep._Richard_Neal_Speaks_in_Support_of_the_Build_Back_Better_Act.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div>
<div class="description">Neal, as chair of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/House_Ways_and_Means_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="House Ways and Means Committee">House Ways and Means Committee</a>, speaks in support of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Build_Back_Better_Act" title="Build Back Better Act">Build Back Better Act</a><br />Recorded November 18, 2021</div></div></div></div>
</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><b>Richard Edmund Neal</b> (born February 14, 1949) is an American politician serving as the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. representative</a> for <span data-sort-value="Massachusetts01 !"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_1st_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 1st congressional district">Massachusetts's 1st congressional district</a></span> since 1989. The district, numbered as the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district">2nd district</a> from 1989 to 2013, includes <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Springfield,_Massachusetts" title="Springfield, Massachusetts">Springfield</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/West_Springfield,_Massachusetts" title="West Springfield, Massachusetts">West Springfield</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pittsfield,_Massachusetts" title="Pittsfield, Massachusetts">Pittsfield</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Holyoke,_Massachusetts" title="Holyoke, Massachusetts">Holyoke</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Agawam,_Massachusetts" title="Agawam, Massachusetts">Agawam</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chicopee,_Massachusetts" title="Chicopee, Massachusetts">Chicopee</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Westfield,_Massachusetts" title="Westfield, Massachusetts">Westfield</a>, and is much more <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rural_area" title="Rural area">rural</a> than the rest of the state. A member of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Democratic_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Democratic Party">Democratic Party</a>, Neal has been the dean of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_congressional_delegations_from_Massachusetts" title="United States congressional delegations from Massachusetts">Massachusetts's delegation</a> to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States House of Representatives</a> since 2013, and he is also the dean of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a> House delegations.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Meet_Richie_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meet_Richie-2">[2]</a></sup>
</p><p>Neal was president of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Springfield,_Massachusetts" title="Springfield, Massachusetts">Springfield</a> City Council from 1979 to 1983 and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Springfield,_Massachusetts" title="List of mayors of Springfield, Massachusetts">mayor of Springfield</a> from 1983 to 1989. He was nearly unopposed when he ran for the House of Representatives in 1988, and took office in 1989.
</p><p>Neal chaired the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Ways_and_Means" title="United States House Committee on Ways and Means">House Ways and Means Committee</a> from 2019 to 2023 and chaired the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_House_Ways_and_Means_Subcommittee_on_Select_Revenue_Measures" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Select Revenue Measures">Subcommittee on Select Revenue Measures</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup> He has also dedicated much of his career to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ireland%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Ireland–United States relations">U.S.–Ireland relations</a> and maintaining American involvement in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Northern_Ireland_peace_process" title="Northern Ireland peace process">Northern Ireland peace process</a>, for which he has won several acclamations. He has a generally <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Liberalism_in_the_United_States" title="Liberalism in the United States">liberal</a> voting record, but is considered a moderate on such issues as <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Abortion" title="Abortion">abortion</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trade" title="Trade">trade</a>. In January 2020, Neal was inducted into the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Irish_Americans" title="Irish Americans">Irish American</a> Hall of Fame.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup>
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<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Early_life,_education,_and_academic_career"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Early life, education, and academic career</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Local_government"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Local government</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#U.S._House_of_Representatives"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">U.S. House of Representatives</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Elections"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Elections</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Tenure"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Tenure</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-6"><a href="#Economy_and_budget"><span class="tocnumber">3.2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Economy and budget</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-7"><a href="#Foreign_policy"><span class="tocnumber">3.2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Foreign policy</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-8"><a href="#Health_care"><span class="tocnumber">3.2.2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Health care</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-9"><a href="#Retirement_planning"><span class="tocnumber">3.2.2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Retirement planning</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-10"><a href="#Ukraine"><span class="tocnumber">3.2.2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Ukraine</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-11"><a href="#Abortion"><span class="tocnumber">3.2.2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Abortion</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-12"><a href="#Other_social_issues"><span class="tocnumber">3.2.2.5</span> <span class="toctext">Other social issues</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Committee_assignments"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Committee assignments</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Caucus_memberships"><span class="tocnumber">3.4</span> <span class="toctext">Caucus memberships</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#Personal_life"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Personal life</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
</ul>
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</div>
<h2><span id="Early_life.2C_education.2C_and_academic_career"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Early_life,_education,_and_academic_career">Early life, education, and academic career</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<p>Richard Edmund Neal was born in 1949, in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Worcester,_Massachusetts" title="Worcester, Massachusetts">Worcester, Massachusetts</a>, the oldest of three children of Mary H. (Garvey) and Edmund John Neal. He and his two younger sisters were raised in Springfield by their mother, a housewife, and their father, a custodian at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Massachusetts_Mutual_Life_Insurance_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company">MassMutual</a>. Neal's maternal grandparents were from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a> and his paternal grandparents were from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cornwall" title="Cornwall">Cornwall</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></sup> Neal's mother died of a heart attack when he was 13, and he was attending Springfield Technical High School when his father, an alcoholic, died. Neal and his two younger sisters moved in with their grandmother and later their aunt, forced to rely on <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Social_Security_(United_States)" title="Social Security (United States)">Social Security</a> checks as they grew up.<sup id="cite_ref-cq-2010_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cq-2010-6">[6]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-globe-2010_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-globe-2010-7">[7]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-gazette-1999_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gazette-1999-8">[8]</a></sup>
</p><p>After graduating from high school, Neal attended <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Holyoke_Community_College" title="Holyoke Community College">Holyoke Community College</a> in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Holyoke,_Massachusetts" title="Holyoke, Massachusetts">Holyoke, Massachusetts</a>, and then <a href="/enwiki/wiki/American_International_College" title="American International College">American International College</a> in Springfield, with the assistance of survivor's benefits. He graduated in 1972 with a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">Bachelor of Arts</a> in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Political_science" title="Political science">political science</a>. He then attended the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/University_of_Hartford" title="University of Hartford">University of Hartford</a>'s Barney School of Business and Public Administration, where he was a member of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tau_Kappa_Epsilon" title="Tau Kappa Epsilon">Tau Kappa Epsilon</a> Fraternity, graduating in 1976 with a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Master_of_Arts" title="Master of Arts">Master of Arts</a> in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Public_administration" title="Public administration">public administration</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-globe-2010_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-globe-2010-7">[7]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-neal-2010_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-neal-2010-9">[9]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-directory_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-directory-10">[10]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></sup> Early in his career Neal taught history at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cathedral_High_School_(Springfield,_Massachusetts)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cathedral High School (Springfield, Massachusetts)">Cathedral High School</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-gazette-1999_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gazette-1999-8">[8]</a></sup>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Local_government">Local government</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Richard_Neal_as_Mayor_of_Springfield.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Richard_Neal_as_Mayor_of_Springfield.jpg/160px-Richard_Neal_as_Mayor_of_Springfield.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Richard_Neal_as_Mayor_of_Springfield.jpg/240px-Richard_Neal_as_Mayor_of_Springfield.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Richard_Neal_as_Mayor_of_Springfield.jpg 2x" data-file-width="255" data-file-height="350" /></a><figcaption>Neal during his tenure as Mayor of Springfield</figcaption></figure>
<p>Neal began his political career as co-chairman of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> presidential candidate <a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_McGovern" title="George McGovern">George McGovern</a>'s 1972 election campaign in Western Massachusetts.<sup id="cite_ref-cq-1988_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cq-1988-12">[12]</a></sup> In 1973 he became an assistant to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Springfield,_Massachusetts" title="List of mayors of Springfield, Massachusetts">Springfield Mayor</a> William C. Sullivan. Neal was elected to the Springfield City Council in 1978 and was named President of the City Council in 1979.<sup id="cite_ref-neal-2010_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-neal-2010-9">[9]</a></sup> The following year he was named as a delegate for presidential candidate <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ted_Kennedy" title="Ted Kennedy">Ted Kennedy</a> at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/1980_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1980 Democratic National Convention">1980 Democratic National Convention</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a></sup> While a city councilor, Neal taught history at Cathedral High School, and gave lectures at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Springfield_College" title="Springfield College">Springfield College</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/American_International_College" title="American International College">American International College</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Springfield_Technical_Community_College" title="Springfield Technical Community College">Springfield Technical Community College</a>, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Western_New_England_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Western New England College">Western New England College</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-union-1989_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-union-1989-14">[14]</a></sup>
</p><p>In <a href="/enwiki/wiki/1983_Springfield,_Massachusetts_mayoral_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1983 Springfield, Massachusetts mayoral election">1983</a>, Neal made plans to challenge Theodore Dimauro, the Democratic incumbent mayor of Springfield. The pressure led Dimauro to retire and Neal was elected mayor. Neal was reelected in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/1985_Springfield,_Massachusetts_mayoral_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1985 Springfield, Massachusetts mayoral election">1985</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/1987_Springfield,_Massachusetts_mayoral_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1987 Springfield, Massachusetts mayoral election">1987</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cq-1988_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cq-1988-12">[12]</a></sup> As mayor, Neal oversaw a period of significant economic growth, with over $400 million of development and investment in the city, and a surplus in the city budget. He worked to strengthen Springfield's appearance, pushing to revive and preserve the city's historic homes and initiating a Clean City Campaign to reduce litter.<sup id="cite_ref-union-1989_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-union-1989-14">[14]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hall-1988_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hall-1988-15">[15]</a></sup>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="U.S._House_of_Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Elections">Elections</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Ma02_109.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Ma02_109.gif/260px-Ma02_109.gif" decoding="async" width="260" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Ma02_109.gif/390px-Ma02_109.gif 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Ma02_109.gif/520px-Ma02_109.gif 2x" data-file-width="636" data-file-height="379" /></a><figcaption>The 2nd congressional district of Massachusetts from 2003 to 2013</figcaption></figure>
<p>Neal ran for the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States House of Representatives</a> in <span data-sort-value="Massachusetts02 !"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district">Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district</a></span> in 1988 after 18-term Democratic incumbent <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Edward_Boland" title="Edward Boland">Edward Boland</a> retired. Boland had alerted Neal of his impending retirement, giving him a head start on his campaign. Neal raised $200,000 in campaign contributions and collected signatures across the district before the retirement was formally announced.<sup id="cite_ref-cq-2000_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cq-2000-16">[16]</a></sup> He was unopposed in the Democratic primary, and his only general election opponent was Communist Party candidate Louis R. Godena, whom he defeated with over 80 percent of the vote.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a></sup>
</p><p>Neal has won reelection every two years since. Former Springfield mayor Theodore Dimauro, reflecting sentiments that Neal had an unfair advantage in the previous election, ran as a challenger in the 1990 Democratic primary. Dimauro's campaign was sullied by a false rumor he spread about the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bank_of_New_England" title="Bank of New England">Bank of New England</a>'s financial situation, and Neal won the primary easily.<sup id="cite_ref-cq-2000_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cq-2000-16">[16]</a></sup> He was unopposed in the general election, winning 68 percent of the vote.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a></sup> In 1992, his popularity was threatened by the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/House_banking_scandal" title="House banking scandal">House banking scandal</a>, in which he had made dozens of unpenalized overdrafts at the House Bank.<sup id="cite_ref-cq-2000_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cq-2000-16">[16]</a></sup> After narrowly defeating two Democratic opponents, he was challenged by Republican Anthony W. Ravosa Jr., and Independent Thomas R. Sheehan. Neal won with 53 percent of the vote.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a></sup>
</p><p>In a <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Republican_(Springfield,_Massachusetts)" title="The Republican (Springfield, Massachusetts)">Springfield Union-News</a></i> poll taken in mid-October 1994, Neal was ahead of John Briare by only 6 percentage points. Neal went on to spend nearly $500,000 in the last two weeks of the campaign to defeat Briare. The 1994 general election also featured a third-party candidate, Kate Ross, who received 6% of the vote. With blanks, Neal actually received only 51% of the vote in 1994.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a></sup>
</p><p>Since 1994 Neal has had little electoral opposition. He was challenged by Mark Steele in 1996 and easily dispatched him with 71 percent of the vote<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a></sup> and ran unopposed in 1998. In 2000 he won the Democratic primary against Joseph R. Fountain, who challenged Neal's positions as "anti-choice" and "anti-gun".<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a></sup> Neal had been unopposed in the general election since 1996, but faced Republican opponent Tom Wesley<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a></sup> in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Massachusetts,_2010" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts, 2010">2010 U.S. congressional elections</a>, which Neal won by a margin of 57% to 43%.
</p><p>For his first 12 terms in Congress, Neal represented a district centered on Springfield and stretching as far east as the southern and western suburbs of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Worcester,_Massachusetts" title="Worcester, Massachusetts">Worcester</a>. When Massachusetts lost a congressional district after the 2010 census, the bulk of Neal's territory, including his home in Springfield, was merged with the 1st district, held by fellow Democrat <a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Olver" title="John Olver">John Olver</a>. While it retained Olver's district number, it was geographically and demographically more Neal's district; it now covered almost all of the Springfield metropolitan area. The prospect of an incumbent vs. incumbent contest was averted when <a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Olver" title="John Olver">Olver</a> retired. The new 1st was no less Democratic than the old 2nd, and Neal was reelected without much difficulty in 2012, 2014 and 2016.
</p><p>In the 2018 Democratic primary, Neal defeated Springfield attorney Tahirah Amatul-Wadud, 70.7% to 29.3%.<sup id="cite_ref-MassL09052018_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MassL09052018-25">[25]</a></sup> In the final days of the campaign Neal had $3.1 million in the bank to Amatul-Wadud's $20,000.<sup id="cite_ref-MassL09052018_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MassL09052018-25">[25]</a></sup>
</p><p><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Holyoke,_Massachusetts" title="Holyoke, Massachusetts">Holyoke</a> mayor <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alex_Morse" title="Alex Morse">Alex Morse</a> unsuccessfully challenged Neal in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2020_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections_in_Massachusetts" title="2020 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts">2020 Democratic primary election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a></sup> In the 2020 election, Neal received the most PAC money of any candidate: $3.1 million out of his $4.9 million total raised.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a></sup>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Tenure">Tenure</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:President_Bill_Clinton_and_Richard_Neal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/President_Bill_Clinton_and_Richard_Neal.jpg/220px-President_Bill_Clinton_and_Richard_Neal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/President_Bill_Clinton_and_Richard_Neal.jpg/330px-President_Bill_Clinton_and_Richard_Neal.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/President_Bill_Clinton_and_Richard_Neal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="255" /></a><figcaption>Neal with President <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a></figcaption></figure>
<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Richard_Neal_and_Ted_Kennedy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Richard_Neal_and_Ted_Kennedy.jpg/220px-Richard_Neal_and_Ted_Kennedy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Richard_Neal_and_Ted_Kennedy.jpg/330px-Richard_Neal_and_Ted_Kennedy.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/3/38/Richard_Neal_and_Ted_Kennedy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="255" /></a><figcaption>Neal with Senator <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ted_Kennedy" title="Ted Kennedy">Ted Kennedy</a></figcaption></figure>
<p>Neal has a generally <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Liberalism_in_the_United_States" title="Liberalism in the United States">liberal</a> political record. He was given a 100 percent "Liberal Quotient" by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Americans_for_Democratic_Action" title="Americans for Democratic Action">Americans for Democratic Action</a> (ADA) for his 2008 voting record, and the organization named him one of the year's "ADA Heroes".<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a></sup> He was given an 8.19 percent "Lifetime Rating" by the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/American_Conservative_Union" title="American Conservative Union">American Conservative Union</a> (ACU) based on his votes from 1989 to 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a></sup> In the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/110th_United_States_Congress" title="110th United States Congress">110th United States Congress</a> Neal voted with the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a> leadership on 98.9 percent of bills;<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a></sup> in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/111th_United_States_Congress" title="111th United States Congress">111th United States Congress</a>, Neal voted with the Democratic party leadership 95% of the time.<sup id="cite_ref-Votes_Database_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Votes_Database-31">[31]</a></sup>
</p><p>Neal voted with President Joe Biden's stated position 100% of the time in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/117th_United_States_Congress" title="117th United States Congress">117th Congress</a>, according to a <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/FiveThirtyEight" title="FiveThirtyEight">FiveThirtyEight</a></i> analysis.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a></sup>
</p><p>Neal served as a member of the House <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Democratic_Steering_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Steering Committee">Democratic Steering Committee</a> in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/105th_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="105th Congress">105th Congress</a> and was an at-large <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Whip_(politics)" title="Whip (politics)">whip</a> for the House Democrats.<sup id="cite_ref-neal-2010_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-neal-2010-9">[9]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cq-2000_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cq-2000-16">[16]</a></sup> He is a co-chair of the New England Congressional Caucus, a group aiming to advance the regional interests of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-neal-2010_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-neal-2010-9">[9]</a></sup>
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<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Economy_and_budget">Economy and budget</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<p>With several committee posts, Neal has made <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Economic_policy" title="Economic policy">economic policy</a> the focus of his career, although his success has been mixed.<sup id="cite_ref-cq-2010_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cq-2010-6">[6]</a></sup> He served his first two terms on the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Financial_Services" title="United States House Committee on Financial Services">House Banking Committee</a>, where he served on the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_House_Financial_Services_Subcommittee_on_Financial_Institutions_and_Consumer_Credit" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House Financial Services Subcommittee on Financial Institutions and Consumer Credit">Financial Services Subcommittee</a>. As the banking reform law of 1991 was being drafted, he cautioned that President <a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a>'s proposal could negatively affect small businesses and minority-owned businesses. He introduced an amendment to require reports on lending to these businesses, which was adopted.<sup id="cite_ref-cq-1996_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cq-1996-33">[33]</a></sup>
</p><p>In 1993 Neal moved to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Ways_and_Means" title="United States House Committee on Ways and Means">House Ways and Means Committee</a>, where he currently serves.<sup id="cite_ref-cq-1996_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cq-1996-33">[33]</a></sup> He has been chairman of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_House_Ways_and_Means_Subcommittee_on_Select_Revenue_Measures" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Select Revenue Measures">Subcommittee on Select Revenue Measures</a> since 2008 and is a member of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_House_Ways_and_Means_Subcommittee_on_Trade" title="United States House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Trade">Subcommittee on Trade</a>. Previously he served on the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_House_Ways_and_Means_Subcommittee_on_Oversight" title="United States House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Oversight">Oversight</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_House_Ways_and_Means_Subcommittee_on_Social_Security" title="United States House Ways and Means Subcommittee on Social Security">Social Security</a> subcommittees.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a></sup> In the late 2000s analysts considered Neal a likely frontrunner for chairman of the Ways and Means Committee, and in the wake of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Charles_B._Rangel" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles B. Rangel">Charles B. Rangel</a>'s 2010 departure he began actively seeking the post.<sup id="cite_ref-globe-2010_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-globe-2010-7">[7]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a></sup> In June 2010, while pursuing the chairmanship, he invited campaign contributors to a $5,000-per-person weekend fundraiser in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cape_Cod" title="Cape Cod">Cape Cod</a>. This drew fire from <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Boston_Globe" title="The Boston Globe">The Boston Globe</a></i>, which criticized him for "[acceding] to the capital's money culture."<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a></sup>
</p><p>According to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Congressional_Quarterly" title="Congressional Quarterly">Congressional Quarterly</a>'s <i>Politics in America</i>, one of Neal's longstanding legislative priorities is to simplify the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Federal_taxation_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal taxation in the United States">tax code</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cq-2010_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cq-2010-6">[6]</a></sup> Neal has long advocated repealing the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alternative_Minimum_Tax" class="mw-redirect" title="Alternative Minimum Tax">Alternative Minimum Tax</a> (AMT), believing its effects have reached unreasonably low income brackets.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a></sup> He led an unsuccessful movement to reform the AMT in 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-cq-2010_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cq-2010-6">[6]</a></sup> In 1998 he successfully pushed to exempt a child tax credit from being affected by the AMT, and in 2001 Congress made the exemption permanent at his urging.<sup id="cite_ref-johnston_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-johnston-38">[38]</a></sup> He voted against the tax cuts of 2001 and 2003, saying they would force millions onto the AMT.<sup id="cite_ref-cq-2008_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cq-2008-39">[39]</a></sup> Another priority of Neal's is to eliminate tax "loopholes" that favor higher-income individuals.<sup id="cite_ref-cq-2010_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cq-2010-6">[6]</a></sup> He was the lead proponent of a bill to require federal contractors to pay federal taxes for workers hired through offshore <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shell_corporation" title="Shell corporation">shell headquarters</a>. The bill, H.R. 6081, passed both houses of Congress unanimously and was signed into law in May 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a></sup>
</p><p>On <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trade_policy_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Trade policy of the United States">trade policy</a>, Neal has a moderate record, supporting lower trade barriers.<sup id="cite_ref-OTI_Free_Trade_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OTI_Free_Trade-41">[41]</a></sup> He voted against the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/North_American_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="North American Free Trade Agreement">North American Free Trade Agreement</a> (NAFTA) in 1993.<sup id="cite_ref-cq-2000_16-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cq-2000-16">[16]</a></sup> In 1995 and 2002 he voted against <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fast_track_(trade)" title="Fast track (trade)">fast track</a> bills that gave the president the authority to negotiate trade deals without amendments by Congress. In 2007 he voted in favor of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_%E2%80%93_Peru_Trade_Promotion_Agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="United States – Peru Trade Promotion Agreement">United States – Peru Trade Promotion Agreement</a> despite some Democratic opposition.<sup id="cite_ref-cq-2010_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cq-2010-6">[6]</a></sup>
</p><p>Neal is a strong supporter of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Social_Security_(United_States)" title="Social Security (United States)">Social Security</a> program. He moved from the Trade subcommittee to the Social Security subcommittee in 2005 to challenge President <a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a>'s <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Social_Security_debate_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Social Security debate (United States)">attempts to partially privatize it</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cq-2008_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cq-2008-39">[39]</a></sup> He pushed a proposal to automatically enroll employees in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Individual_Retirement_Account" class="mw-redirect" title="Individual Retirement Account">Individual Retirement Accounts</a> (IRAs), and successfully lobbied President <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> to include it in a proposed 2009 budget outline.<sup id="cite_ref-cq-2010_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cq-2010-6">[6]</a></sup>
</p><p>In February 2019, Neal came under criticism for failing to promptly exercise his authority as Ways and Means Committee chair to subpoena <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tax_returns_of_Donald_Trump" title="Tax returns of Donald Trump">Donald Trump's tax returns</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a></sup> Citing a need to build a strong case in a potential lawsuit, Neal delayed taking this step until May 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a></sup>
</p><p>In 2019 the House Ways and Means Committee led by Neal passed a bill that would prohibit the IRS from creating a free electronic tax filing system.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-44">[44]</a></sup> During his 2016 and 2018 campaigns, Neal received $16,000 in contributions from Intuit and H&R Block, two tax preparation companies that have lobbied against the creation of free tax filing systems.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-44">[44]</a></sup>
</p><p>For his tenure as the chairman of the House Ways and Means Committee in the 116th Congress, Neal earned an "F" grade from the non-partisan <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Richard_Lugar" title="Richard Lugar">Lugar Center</a>'s Congressional Oversight Hearing Index.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a></sup>
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<h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Foreign_policy">Foreign policy</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Mark_Daly_and_Richard_Neal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Mark_Daly_and_Richard_Neal.jpg/260px-Mark_Daly_and_Richard_Neal.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Mark_Daly_and_Richard_Neal.jpg/390px-Mark_Daly_and_Richard_Neal.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Mark_Daly_and_Richard_Neal.jpg/520px-Mark_Daly_and_Richard_Neal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2192" /></a><figcaption>Neal with the deputy chair of the Irish Senate <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mark_Daly_(politician)" title="Mark Daly (politician)">Mark Daly</a> in May 2022 during a vist to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Republic of Ireland</a></figcaption></figure>
<p>Descended from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Irish_nationalism" title="Irish nationalism">Irish nationalist</a> grandparents on both sides, Neal has been an advocate for Irish concerns throughout his Congressional career, pushing to keep the United States involved in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Northern_Ireland_peace_process" title="Northern Ireland peace process">Northern Ireland peace process</a>. He is the co-chair of the <i>ad hoc</i> Committee on Irish Affairs, has been chairman of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Friends_of_Ireland_(U.S._Congress)" title="Friends of Ireland (U.S. Congress)">Friends of Ireland</a> since 2007, and was considered as a candidate for <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Ambassador to Ireland">United States Ambassador to Ireland</a> in 1998.<sup id="cite_ref-cq-2010_6-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cq-2010-6">[6]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cq-2004_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cq-2004-46">[46]</a></sup> After the disarmament of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army" title="Provisional Irish Republican Army">Irish Republican Army</a> (IRA) in September 2005, Neal was among a group of Congressmen who met with <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sinn_F%C3%A9in" title="Sinn Féin">Sinn Féin</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Member_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of Parliament">MP</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Martin_McGuinness" title="Martin McGuinness">Martin McGuinness</a> to congratulate him on the disarmament and ensure a lasting peace had been reached.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a></sup> Neal invited <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sinn_F%C3%A9in" title="Sinn Féin">Sinn Féin</a> President <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gerry_Adams" title="Gerry Adams">Gerry Adams</a> to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Barack_Obama" title="First inauguration of Barack Obama">inauguration of Barack Obama</a> in January 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a></sup> Neal has been named as one of the top 100 <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Irish-Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish-Americans">Irish-Americans</a> by <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Irish_America_magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish America magazine">Irish America</a></i> magazine and received the International Leadership Award from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_American_Ireland_Fund" title="The American Ireland Fund">The American Ireland Fund</a> in 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-cq-2004_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cq-2004-46">[46]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a></sup>
</p><p>Neal is an opponent of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a>, saying it was based on false intelligence. He voted against the original <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2003_invasion_of_Iraq" title="2003 invasion of Iraq">invasion in 2003</a> and opposed <a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">President Bush's</a> 2006 request to send additional troops.<sup id="cite_ref-cq-2008_39-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cq-2008-39">[39]</a></sup> He cited veterans' affairs as his top priority in 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-boynton-2010_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-boynton-2010-51">[51]</a></sup>
</p><p>In 2017, Neal backed the Israeli Anti-Boycott Act, aimed to punish companies that boycott Israel.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a></sup>
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<h5><span class="mw-headline" id="Health_care">Health care</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<p>A longtime advocate of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Health_care_reform_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Health care reform in the United States">health care reform</a>, Neal was involved in the major health care reform efforts of 1993–94 and 2009–10. In working on the unsuccessful <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Clinton_health_care_plan_of_1993" title="Clinton health care plan of 1993">Clinton health care plan of 1993</a> he served the interests of the major health insurance and medical companies in his district, achieving a compromise allowing insurance companies to charge small businesses higher premiums.<sup id="cite_ref-cq-1996_33-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cq-1996-33">[33]</a></sup> He was later involved writing the House's 2009 health care reform bill, the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Affordable_Health_Care_for_America_Act" title="Affordable Health Care for America Act">Affordable Health Care for America Act</a>. As chairman of the Select Revenue Measures subcommittee, he had a hand in developing the bill's financing plan. He explained that his priorities were to address "pre-existing conditions, capping out-of-pocket expenses and making sure people don't lose their health care if they lose their job".<sup id="cite_ref-boynton-2010_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-boynton-2010-51">[51]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a></sup> Despite his support for the act, he spoke about his preference for a "piecemeal" approach to health care reform, saying it would allow for a more reasonable debate.<sup id="cite_ref-palpini-2010_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-palpini-2010-54">[54]</a></sup>
</p><p>As chairman of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Ways_and_Means" title="United States House Committee on Ways and Means">House Ways and Means Committee</a>, before a March 2019 hearing on <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Medicare_for_All" class="mw-redirect" title="Medicare for All">Medicare for All</a>, Neal told Democrats on the panel that he didn't want the phrase "Medicare for All" to be used. He argued that Medicare for All was wrong on policy and a political loser.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a></sup> In December 2019, some blamed Neal for killing legislation that would have ended surprise medical bills,<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a></sup> suspecting it may have been because of industry lobbyist donations to his reelection campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a></sup> As of the 2019–20 election cycle, Neal is third-highest among House members in campaign contributions from the health services/HMO industry.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-59">[59]</a></sup> The insurance and pharmaceutical industries are among the top contributors to his campaign committee.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-59">[59]</a></sup>
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<h5><span class="mw-headline" id="Retirement_planning">Retirement planning</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<p>Neal introduced the bipartisan <a href="/enwiki/wiki/SECURE_Act_of_2019" class="mw-redirect" title="SECURE Act of 2019">SECURE Act of 2019</a>, which contained a number of provisions to expand access to retirement planning options and encourage employers to set up retirement plans for workers. The bill, originally introduced in late March 2019, became law in December 2019 as part of the fiscal year 2020 federal appropriations bill.<sup id="cite_ref-Money_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Money-60">[60]</a></sup>
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<h5><span class="mw-headline" id="Ukraine">Ukraine</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<p>In 2023, Neal was among 49 Democrats to break with President <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a>, by voting for a ban on <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Convention_on_Cluster_Munitions" title="Convention on Cluster Munitions">cluster munitions</a> to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a></sup>
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<h5><span class="mw-headline" id="Abortion">Abortion</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<p>Representing a relatively <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a> district, Neal has a more <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Conservatism in the United States">conservative</a> record on <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Abortion_in_the_United_States" title="Abortion in the United States">abortion</a> than other representatives from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cq-2010_6-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cq-2010-6">[6]</a></sup> He said in 2010, "I have always opposed taxpayer funding of abortion. I'd keep <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Roe_v._Wade" title="Roe v. Wade">Roe v. Wade</a></i> and restrict it. I've always thought: keep abortion, with restrictions for <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Late_termination_of_pregnancy" title="Late termination of pregnancy">late-term abortion</a>. [Given] the voting pattern I have, both sides would say I'm mixed, and guess what? That's where the American people are."<sup id="cite_ref-palpini-2010_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-palpini-2010-54">[54]</a></sup> He voted for the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Partial-Birth_Abortion_Ban_Act_of_2003" class="mw-redirect" title="Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act of 2003">Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act of 2003</a>, which made the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Intact_dilation_and_extraction" title="Intact dilation and extraction">intact dilation and extraction</a> abortion procedure illegal in most cases.<sup id="cite_ref-cq-2010_6-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cq-2010-6">[6]</a></sup> During debate on the House health care reform bill, he voted in favor of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stupak%E2%80%93Pitts_Amendment" title="Stupak–Pitts Amendment">Stupak–Pitts Amendment</a> to restrict government funding of abortion.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a></sup> In 2021 Neal was listed as an original co-sponsor of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Women%27s_Health_Protection_Act" title="Women's Health Protection Act">Women's Health Protection Act</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a></sup>
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<h5><span class="mw-headline" id="Other_social_issues">Other social issues</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<p>On other social issues Neal has a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Moderate" class="mw-redirect" title="Moderate">moderate</a> record: he supports a proposed <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Flag_Desecration_Amendment" title="Flag Desecration Amendment">Constitutional amendment to ban desecration of the U.S. flag</a>, and has twice voted against an <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Federal_Marriage_Amendment" title="Federal Marriage Amendment">amendment to ban same-sex marriage</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cq-2010_6-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cq-2010-6">[6]</a></sup>
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<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Committee_assignments">Committee assignments</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Ways_and_Means" title="United States House Committee on Ways and Means">Committee on Ways and Means</a> (Ranking Member)
<ul><li>As the chair of the Committee, Rep. Neal is entitled to sit as an <i>ex officio</i> member in all subcommittee meetings, per the committee's rules.</li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Congressional_Joint_Committee_on_Taxation" title="United States Congressional Joint Committee on Taxation">Joint Committee on Taxation</a></li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Caucus_memberships">Caucus memberships</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Congressional_Arts_Caucus" title="Congressional Arts Caucus">Congressional Arts Caucus</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Afterschool_Caucuses" title="Afterschool Caucuses">Afterschool Caucuses</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/U.S.-Japan_Caucus" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S.-Japan Caucus">U.S.-Japan Caucus</a></li>
<li>New England Congressional Caucus (Co-chair)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Friends_of_Ireland_(U.S._Congress)" title="Friends of Ireland (U.S. Congress)">Friends of Ireland</a><sup id="cite_ref-Meet_Richie_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meet_Richie-2">[2]</a></sup></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Personal_life">Personal life</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<p>Neal is a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Roman Catholic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cq-2000_16-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cq-2000-16">[16]</a></sup> He lives in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Springfield,_Massachusetts" title="Springfield, Massachusetts">Springfield</a> with his wife Maureen Neal, née Conway. They have four children: Rory Christopher, Brendan Conway, Maura Katherine, and Sean Richard.<sup id="cite_ref-directory_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-directory-10">[10]</a></sup> In addition to his duties as a congressman, Neal teaches a journalism course at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/University_of_Massachusetts_Amherst" title="University of Massachusetts Amherst">University of Massachusetts Amherst</a> called "The Politician and the Journalist".<sup id="cite_ref-globe-2010_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-globe-2010-7">[7]</a></sup>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Richard_Neal" title="Electoral history of Richard Neal">Electoral history of Richard Neal</a></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Richard_Neal&action=edit&section=17"title="Edit section: References"
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<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1217336898">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist">
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<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1215172403">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#2C882D;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911F}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{color:#f8a397}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{color:#f8a397}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911F}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://neal.house.gov/media-center/in-the-news/springfields-richard-neal-will-be-next-dean-massachusetts-congressional">"Springfield's Richard Neal Will Be the Next Dean of Massachusetts' Congressional Delegation"</a>. <i>Congressman Richard Neal</i>. June 28, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210508150344/https://neal.house.gov/media-center/in-the-news/springfields-richard-neal-will-be-next-dean-massachusetts-congressional">Archived</a> from the original on May 8, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 2,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Congressman+Richard+Neal&rft.atitle=Springfield%27s+Richard+Neal+Will+Be+the+Next+Dean+of+Massachusetts%27+Congressional+Delegation&rft.date=2013-06-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fneal.house.gov%2Fmedia-center%2Fin-the-news%2Fspringfields-richard-neal-will-be-next-dean-massachusetts-congressional&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Neal" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Meet_Richie-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Meet_Richie_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Meet_Richie_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://neal.house.gov/meet-richie">"Meet Richie"</a>. <i>Congressman Richard Neal</i>. December 3, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210318073721/https://neal.house.gov/meet-richie">Archived</a> from the original on March 18, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 9,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Congressman+Richard+Neal&rft.atitle=Meet+Richie&rft.date=2012-12-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fneal.house.gov%2Fmeet-richie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Neal" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFNeal" class="citation news cs1">Neal, Richard. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/why-my-committee-needs-the-presidents-tax-returns/2019/07/31/05d4505a-b3c8-11e9-8f6c-7828e68cb15f_story.html">"Opinion | Why my committee needs the president's tax returns"</a>. <i>Washington Post</i>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0190-8286">0190-8286</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210202050901/https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/why-my-committee-needs-the-presidents-tax-returns/2019/07/31/05d4505a-b3c8-11e9-8f6c-7828e68cb15f_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 2, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 9,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Opinion+%7C+Why+my+committee+needs+the+president%27s+tax+returns&rft.issn=0190-8286&rft.aulast=Neal&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fopinions%2Fwhy-my-committee-needs-the-presidents-tax-returns%2F2019%2F07%2F31%2F05d4505a-b3c8-11e9-8f6c-7828e68cb15f_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Neal" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Irish Central, "2020 Irish America Hall of Fame inductees announced" January 26, 2020 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.irishcentral.com/roots/irishamerica/2020-irish-america-hall-of-fame-inductees-announced">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200127020918/https://www.irishcentral.com/roots/irishamerica/2020-irish-america-hall-of-fame-inductees-announced">Archived</a> January 27, 2020, at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://freepages.rootsweb.com/~battle/genealogy/reps/neal.htm">"neal"</a>. <i>freepages.rootsweb.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 24,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=freepages.rootsweb.com&rft.atitle=neal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffreepages.rootsweb.com%2F~battle%2Fgenealogy%2Freps%2Fneal.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Neal" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged June 2022">dead link</span></a></i>]</span></sup></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-cq-2010-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cq-2010_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cq-2010_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cq-2010_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cq-2010_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cq-2010_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cq-2010_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cq-2010_6-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cq-2010_6-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cq-2010_6-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cq-2010_6-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cq-2010_6-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">McCutcheon, Chuck, and Lyons, Christina L. (eds.) (2009). "Neal, Richard E., D-Mass." <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/CQ%27s_Politics_in_America" class="mw-redirect" title="CQ's Politics in America">CQ's Politics in America 2010: The 111th Congress</a></i>. Washington: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Congressional_Quarterly" title="Congressional Quarterly">Congressional Quarterly</a>. pp. 488–489. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60426-602-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60426-602-3">978-1-60426-602-3</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-globe-2010-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-globe-2010_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-globe-2010_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-globe-2010_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-globe-2010_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Viser, Matt (June 4, 2010). "Neal seeks top job on Ways and Means committee." <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Boston_Globe" title="The Boston Globe">The Boston Globe</a></i>: p. A1.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-gazette-1999-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gazette-1999_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gazette-1999_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"A profile of a congressman: Populist roots and political instincts of U.S. Rep. Richard Neal." <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Daily_Hampshire_Gazette" title="Daily Hampshire Gazette">Daily Hampshire Gazette</a></i>: p. A1. November 2, 1999.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-neal-2010-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-neal-2010_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-neal-2010_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-neal-2010_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-neal-2010_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Neal, Richard E. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.house.gov/neal/link4.html">Biography</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180423170041/https://www.house.gov/neal/link4.html">Archived</a> April 23, 2018, at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>." <i>Congressman Richard Neal</i> (official website). <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States House of Representatives</a>. Retrieved June 27, 2010.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-directory-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-directory_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-directory_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Alston, Farnsworth; Carter, Mary Ann; Randolph, Sarah (eds.) (2009). "Neal, Richard E." <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Official_Congressional_Directory" title="Official Congressional Directory">Congressional Directory for the 111th Congress (2009–2010)</a></i>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington</a>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Government_Printing_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Government Printing Office">Government Printing Office</a>. p. 127. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-16-083727-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-16-083727-2">978-0-16-083727-2</a>.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://my.tke.org/theteke/2012-Summer.pdf">"Tekes in Politics"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The Teke</i>. Vol. 105, no. 3. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tau_Kappa_Epsilon" title="Tau Kappa Epsilon">Tau Kappa Epsilon</a>. Summer 2012. pp. 12–13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 11,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Teke&rft.atitle=Tekes+in+Politics&rft.ssn=summer&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=12-13&rft.date=2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmy.tke.org%2Ftheteke%2F2012-Summer.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Neal" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-cq-1988-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cq-1988_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cq-1988_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Duncan, Phil, et al. (December 31, 1988). "House freshmen: Massachusetts—2nd district." <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/CQ_Weekly" class="mw-redirect" title="CQ Weekly">CQ Weekly</a></i>: p. 3610. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/CQ_Press" title="CQ Press">CQ Press</a>.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Farrell, David (March 5, 1980). "Massachusetts delegates chosen in the primary." <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Boston_Globe" title="The Boston Globe">The Boston Globe</a></i>.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-union-1989-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-union-1989_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-union-1989_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Grads to hear Neal talk." <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Republican_(Springfield)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Republican (Springfield)">The Union-News</a></i>: p. 14. May 17, 1989.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-hall-1988-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hall-1988_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hall, Michelle (December 27, 1988). "The new Democrats in the House." <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>: p. A13.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-cq-2000-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cq-2000_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cq-2000_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cq-2000_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cq-2000_16-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cq-2000_16-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cq-2000_16-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Duncan, Philip D., and Nutting, Brian (eds.) (1999). "Neal, Richard E., D-Mass." <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/CQ%27s_Politics_in_America" class="mw-redirect" title="CQ's Politics in America">CQ's Politics in America 2000: The 106th Congress</a></i>. Washington: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Congressional_Quarterly" title="Congressional Quarterly">Congressional Quarterly</a>. pp. 488–489. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56802-470-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56802-470-7">978-1-56802-470-7</a>.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dendy, Dallas L., Jr. (1989). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/1988election.pdf">Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of November 8, 1988</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110720125200/http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/1988election.pdf">Archived</a> July 20, 2011, at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>." <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Government_Printing_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Government Printing Office">United States Government Printing Office</a>. p. 20. Retrieved March 2, 2010.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dendy, Dallas L., Jr. (1991). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/1990election.pdf">Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of November 6, 1990</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110721043024/http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/1990election.pdf">Archived</a> July 21, 2011, at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>." <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Government_Printing_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Government Printing Office">United States Government Printing Office</a>. p. 17. Retrieved March 2, 2010.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dendy, Dallas L., Jr. (1993). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/1992election.pdf">Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of November 3, 1992</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170123044622/http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/1992election.pdf">Archived</a> January 23, 2017, at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>." <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Government_Printing_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Government Printing Office">United States Government Printing Office</a>. p. 32. Retrieved March 2, 2010.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Carle, Robin H. (1995). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/1994election.pdf">Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of November 8, 1994</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170525002435/http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/1994election.pdf">Archived</a> May 25, 2017, at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.<a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Government_Printing_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Government Printing Office">United States Government Printing Office</a>. p. 16.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Carle, Robin H. (1995). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/1994election.pdf">Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of November 8, 1994</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170525002435/http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/1994election.pdf">Archived</a> May 25, 2017, at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>." <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Government_Printing_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Government Printing Office">United States Government Printing Office</a>. p. 16. Retrieved March 2, 2010.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Carle, Robin H. (1997). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/1996election.pdf">Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of November 5, 1996</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170525002438/http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/1996election.pdf">Archived</a> May 25, 2017, at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>." <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Government_Printing_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Government Printing Office">United States Government Printing Office</a>. p. 29. Retrieved March 2, 2010.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Smock, Frederick A. (May 30, 2000). "Neal may face primary challenge: Springfield man submits nomination papers to run in 2nd district." <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Telegram_%26_Gazette" title="Telegram & Gazette">Telegram & Gazette</a></i>: p. B3.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Associated Press (September 14, 2010). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bostonherald.com/news/politics/view/20100914tom_wesley_wins_gop_nod_in_mass_2nd_district/">Tom Wesley wins GOP nod in Mass. 2nd District</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613045211/http://news.bostonherald.com/news/politics/view/20100914tom_wesley_wins_gop_nod_in_mass_2nd_district/">Archived</a> June 13, 2011, at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>." <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Boston_Herald" class="mw-redirect" title="The Boston Herald">The Boston Herald</a></i>. Retrieved September 14, 2010.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-MassL09052018-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MassL09052018_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MassL09052018_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Young, Shannon. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.masslive.com/politics/2018/09/massachusetts_1st_congressional_district_race_richard_neal_tahirah_amatul-wadud.html">Massachusetts 1st Congressional District race: Richard Neal defeats Democratic challenger Tahirah Amatul-Wadud</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190724202953/https://www.masslive.com/politics/2018/09/massachusetts_1st_congressional_district_race_richard_neal_tahirah_amatul-wadud.html">Archived</a> July 24, 2019, at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Advance_Publications" title="Advance Publications">MassLive LLC</a>, September 5, 2018. Accessed July 22, 2019.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFDwyer2020" class="citation news cs1">Dwyer, Dialynn (September 2, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boston.com/news/politics/2020/09/02/alex-morse-loss-first-congressional-district-2020-primary">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Sometimes the first time around, you don't win,' Holyoke Mayor Alex Morse says following failed run for Congress"</a>. <i>Boston Globe</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200903055906/https://www.boston.com/news/politics/2020/09/02/alex-morse-loss-first-congressional-district-2020-primary">Archived</a> from the original on September 3, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 3,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Boston+Globe&rft.atitle=%27Sometimes+the+first+time+around%2C+you+don%27t+win%2C%27+Holyoke+Mayor+Alex+Morse+says+following+failed+run+for+Congress&rft.date=2020-09-02&rft.aulast=Dwyer&rft.aufirst=Dialynn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boston.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2F2020%2F09%2F02%2Falex-morse-loss-first-congressional-district-2020-primary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Neal" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFA_501tax-exemptNWWashingtoninfo" class="citation web cs1">A 501tax-exempt, OpenSecrets; NW, charitable organization 1300 L. St; Washington, Suite 200; info, DC 20005 telelphone857-0044. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.opensecrets.org/political-action-committees-pacs/top-recipients/2020">"Top Recipients of PAC Money"</a>. <i>OpenSecrets</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210707230624/http://www.opensecrets.org/political-action-committees-pacs/top-recipients/2020">Archived</a> from the original on July 7, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 6,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OpenSecrets&rft.atitle=Top+Recipients+of+PAC+Money&rft.aulast=A+501tax-exempt&rft.aufirst=OpenSecrets&rft.au=NW%2C+charitable+organization+1300+L.+St&rft.au=Washington%2C+Suite+200&rft.au=info%2C+DC+20005+telelphone857-0044&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.opensecrets.org%2Fpolitical-action-committees-pacs%2Ftop-recipients%2F2020&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Neal" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adaction.org/media/votingrecords/2008.pdf">2008 Congressional Voting Record</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131021185800/http://www.adaction.org/media/votingrecords/2008.pdf">Archived</a> October 21, 2013, at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>." <i>ADA Today</i> <b>64</b>: 1. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Americans_for_Democratic_Action" title="Americans for Democratic Action">Americans for Democratic Action</a>. p. 2. Retrieved March 2, 2010.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://67.20.95.56/ratings/ratingsarchive/2009/House%20Ratings.htm">2009 U.S. House Votes</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110705234641/http://67.20.95.56/ratings/ratingsarchive/2009/House%20Ratings.htm">Archived</a> July 5, 2011, at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>." <a href="/enwiki/wiki/American_Conservative_Union" title="American Conservative Union">American Conservative Union</a>. 2009. Retrieved March 2, 2010.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://projects.washingtonpost.com/congress/110/house/party-voters/">House voting with party scores: 110th Congress</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071229121856/http://projects.washingtonpost.com/congress/110/house/party-voters/">Archived</a> 2007-12-29 at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>." <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>. Retrieved March 2, 2010.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-Votes_Database-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Votes_Database_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://projects.washingtonpost.com/congress/members/N000015">"Richard Neal (D)"</a>. <i>The U.S. Congress Votes Database</i>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120720045429/http://projects.washingtonpost.com/congress/members/N000015">Archived</a> from the original on July 20, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 20,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+U.S.+Congress+Votes+Database&rft.atitle=Richard+Neal+%28D%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fprojects.washingtonpost.com%2Fcongress%2Fmembers%2FN000015&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Neal" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFBycoffeWiederkehr2021" class="citation web cs1">Bycoffe, Aaron; Wiederkehr, Anna (April 22, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://projects.fivethirtyeight.com/biden-congress-votes/house/">"Does Your Member Of Congress Vote With Or Against Biden?"</a>. <i>FiveThirtyEight</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 15,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FiveThirtyEight&rft.atitle=Does+Your+Member+Of+Congress+Vote+With+Or+Against+Biden%3F&rft.date=2021-04-22&rft.aulast=Bycoffe&rft.aufirst=Aaron&rft.au=Wiederkehr%2C+Anna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fprojects.fivethirtyeight.com%2Fbiden-congress-votes%2Fhouse%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Neal" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-cq-1996-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cq-1996_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cq-1996_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cq-1996_33-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Duncan, Philip D., and Lawrence, Christine C. (eds.) (1995). "Neal, Richard E., D-Mass." <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/CQ%27s_Politics_in_America" class="mw-redirect" title="CQ's Politics in America">CQ's Politics in America 1996: The 104th Congress</a></i>. Washington: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Congressional_Quarterly" title="Congressional Quarterly">Congressional Quarterly</a>. pp. 620–622. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87187-843-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87187-843-4">978-0-87187-843-4</a>.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://waysandmeans.house.gov/singlepages.aspx?NewsID=10511">Former and Current Members (Select Revenue Measures)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100707015143/http://waysandmeans.house.gov/singlepages.aspx?NewsID=10511">Archived</a> 2010-07-07 at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>," "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://waysandmeans.house.gov/subcommittees/Default.aspx/trade">Current Members (Trade)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100627152113/http://waysandmeans.house.gov/subcommittees/Default.aspx/trade">Archived</a> 2010-06-27 at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>," "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://waysandmeans.house.gov/singlepages.aspx?NewsID=10486">Former and Current Members (Oversight)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100707015051/http://waysandmeans.house.gov/singlepages.aspx?NewsID=10486">Archived</a> 2010-07-07 at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>," and "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://waysandmeans.house.gov/singlepages.aspx?NewsID=10924">Former and Current Members (Social Security)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100707015300/http://waysandmeans.house.gov/singlepages.aspx?NewsID=10924">Archived</a> 2010-07-07 at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>." <i>Committee on Ways and Means</i> (official website). Retrieved June 27, 2010.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barry, Stephanie (December 29, 2008). "Rep. Neal in running for major House post." <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Republican_(Springfield)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Republican (Springfield)">The Republican</a></i>: p. A1.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boston.com/bostonglobe/editorial_opinion/editorials/articles/2010/06/09/neal_should_pursue_top_post_but_not_by_charging_for_access/">Neal should pursue top post, but not by charging for access</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100616025605/http://www.boston.com/bostonglobe/editorial_opinion/editorials/articles/2010/06/09/neal_should_pursue_top_post_but_not_by_charging_for_access/">Archived</a> June 16, 2010, at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>." <i>The Boston Globe</i>. June 9, 2010. Retrieved September 4, 2010.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nitschke, Lori (February 3, 2001). "Bush's Tax Cut Plan Would Leave Many Snagged by Alternative Minimum Levy." <i>CQ Weekly</i>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Congressional_Quarterly" title="Congressional Quarterly">Congressional Quarterly</a>. p. 274.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-johnston-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-johnston_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/David_Cay_Johnston" title="David Cay Johnston">Johnston, David Cay</a> (2003). <i><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Perfectly_Legal:_The_Covert_Campaign_to_Rig_Our_Tax_System_to_Benefit_the_Super_Rich_%E2%80%93_and_Cheat_Everyone_Else&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perfectly Legal: The Covert Campaign to Rig Our Tax System to Benefit the Super Rich – and Cheat Everyone Else (page does not exist)">Perfectly Legal</a></i>. Portfolio (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Penguin_Group" title="Penguin Group">Penguin Group</a>). p. 111. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-59184-019-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-59184-019-8">1-59184-019-8</a>.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-cq-2008-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cq-2008_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cq-2008_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cq-2008_39-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Koszczuk, Jackie, and Angle, Martha (eds.) (2007). "Neal, Richard E., D-Mass." <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/CQ%27s_Politics_in_America" class="mw-redirect" title="CQ's Politics in America">CQ's Politics in America 2008: The 110th Congress</a></i>. Washington: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Congressional_Quarterly" title="Congressional Quarterly">Congressional Quarterly</a>. pp. 485–486. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87289-545-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87289-545-4">978-0-87289-545-4</a>.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stockman, Farah (May 23, 2008). "Senate OK's bill barring contractors from avoiding tax – Some had hired via offshore firms." <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Boston_Globe" title="The Boston Globe">The Boston Globe</a></i>: p. A2.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-cq-2004-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cq-2004_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cq-2004_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Duncan, Philip D., and Nutting, Brian (eds.) (2004). "Neal, Richard E., D-Mass." <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/CQ%27s_Politics_in_America" class="mw-redirect" title="CQ's Politics in America">CQ's Politics in America 2004: The 108th Congress</a></i>. Washington: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Congressional_Quarterly" title="Congressional Quarterly">Congressional Quarterly</a>. pp. 483–484. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56802-813-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56802-813-2">978-1-56802-813-2</a>.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sfortinsky, Sarah. “Almost 50 Democrats Snub Biden with Vote against Cluster Bombs for Ukraine.” The Hill, 14 July 2023, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://thehill.com/homenews/house/4097677-almost-50-democrats-snub-biden-with-vote-against-cluster-bombs-for-ukraine/">https://thehill.com/homenews/house/4097677-almost-50-democrats-snub-biden-with-vote-against-cluster-bombs-for-ukraine/</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">“H.Amdt. 243 (Greene) to H.R. 2670: To Prohibit Cluster Munitions ... -- House Vote #317 -- Jul 13, 2023.” GovTrack.Us, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/118-2023/h317">https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/118-2023/h317</a>. Accessed 16 July 2023.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bedard, Paul (November 10, 2009). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://politics.usnews.com/news/blogs/washington-whispers/2009/11/10/republicans-hail-the-64-pro-life-democrats.html">Republicans Hail the 64 'Pro-Life' Democrats</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211025185049/https://www.usnews.com/news/blogs/washington-whispers/2009/11/10/republicans-hail-the-64-pro-life-democrats">Archived</a> October 25, 2021, at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>." <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/U.S._News_%26_World_Report" title="U.S. News & World Report">U.S. News & World Report</a></i>. Retrieved June 25, 2010.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/3755/cosponsors?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22Womens+Health+Protection+Act%22%5D%2C%22cosponsor-state%22%3A%22Massachusetts%22%7D">"Cosponsors - H.R.3755 - 117th Congress (2021-2022): Women's Health Protection Act of 2021"</a>. September 29, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211006191603/https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/3755/cosponsors?q=%7B%22search%22:%5B%22Womens+Health+Protection+Act%22%5D,%22cosponsor-state%22:%22Massachusetts%22%7D">Archived</a> from the original on October 6, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 6,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cosponsors+-+H.R.3755+-+117th+Congress+%282021-2022%29%3A+Women%27s+Health+Protection+Act+of+2021&rft.date=2021-09-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.congress.gov%2Fbill%2F117th-congress%2Fhouse-bill%2F3755%2Fcosponsors%3Fq%3D%257B%2522search%2522%253A%255B%2522Womens%2BHealth%2BProtection%2BAct%2522%255D%252C%2522cosponsor-state%2522%253A%2522Massachusetts%2522%257D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+Neal" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
</ol></div></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection">
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</h2>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1217611005"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409">
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<div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div>
<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Richard_Neal" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Richard Neal">Richard Neal</a></span>.</div></div>
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<div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original works by or about:<br /><b style="text-align: center;"><i><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Richard_Edmund_Neal" class="extiw" title="s:Author:Richard Edmund Neal">Richard Neal</a></i></b></div></div>
</div>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://neal.house.gov/">Congressman Richard E. Neal</a> official U.S. House website</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nealforcongress.com/">Richard Neal for Congress</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?6103">Appearances</a> on <a href="/enwiki/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://curlie.org/Regional/North_America/United_States/Massachusetts/Government/Federal/US_House_of_Representatives/Richard_Neal_%5BD-1%5D">Richard Neal</a> at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Curlie" class="mw-redirect" title="Curlie">Curlie</a></li></ul>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=n000015">Biography</a> at the <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Biographical Directory of the United States Congress">Biographical Directory of the United States Congress</a></i></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/H8MA02041">Financial information (federal office)</a> at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Federal_Election_Commission" title="Federal Election Commission">Federal Election Commission</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.congress.gov/member/richard-neal/854">Legislation sponsored</a> at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://justfacts.votesmart.org/candidate/26895">Profile</a> at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vote_Smart" title="Vote Smart">Vote Smart</a></li></ul>
<table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;">
<tbody><tr>
<th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a>
</th></tr>
<tr style="text-align:center;">
<td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Edward_Boland" title="Edward Boland">Edward Boland</a></div>
</td>
<td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States representatives from Massachusetts">U.S. House of Representatives</a><br />from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district">Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district</a> </b><br />1989–2013
</td>
<td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jim_McGovern_(American_politician)" title="Jim McGovern (American politician)">Jim McGovern</a></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="text-align:center;">
<td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Olver" title="John Olver">John Olver</a></div>
</td>
<td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States representatives from Massachusetts">U.S. House of Representatives</a><br />from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_1st_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 1st congressional district">Massachusetts's 1st congressional district</a> </b><br />2013–present
</td>
<td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>Incumbent</b>
</td></tr>
<tr style="text-align:center;">
<td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sander_Levin" title="Sander Levin">Sander Levin</a></div>
</td>
<td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Ranking Member of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Ways_and_Means" title="United States House Committee on Ways and Means">House Ways and Means Committee</a> </b><br />2017–2019
</td>
<td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kevin_Brady" title="Kevin Brady">Kevin Brady</a></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="text-align:center;">
<td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Kevin Brady</div>
</td>
<td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Chair of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Ways_and_Means" title="United States House Committee on Ways and Means">House Ways and Means Committee</a> </b><br />2019–2023
</td>
<td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jason_Smith_(American_politician)" title="Jason Smith (American politician)">Jason Smith</a></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="text-align:center;">
<td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Orrin_Hatch" title="Orrin Hatch">Orrin Hatch</a></div>
</td>
<td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Chair of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Congress_Joint_Committee_on_Taxation" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Congress Joint Committee on Taxation">Joint Taxation Committee</a> </b><br />2019–2020
</td>
<td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chuck_Grassley" title="Chuck Grassley">Chuck Grassley</a></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="text-align:center;">
<td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chuck_Grassley" title="Chuck Grassley">Chuck Grassley</a></div>
</td>
<td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Chair of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Congress_Joint_Committee_on_Taxation" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Congress Joint Committee on Taxation">Joint Taxation Committee</a> </b><br />2021–2022
</td>
<td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ron_Wyden" title="Ron Wyden">Ron Wyden</a></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="text-align:center;">
<td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Kevin Brady</div>
</td>
<td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Ranking Member of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Ways_and_Means" title="United States House Committee on Ways and Means">House Ways and Means Committee</a> </b><br />2023–present
</td>
<td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>Incumbent</b>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cfc;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_order_of_precedence" title="United States order of precedence">U.S. order of precedence</a> (ceremonial)
</th></tr>
<tr style="text-align:center;">
<td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Frank_Pallone" title="Frank Pallone">Frank Pallone</a></div>
</td>
<td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Seniority_in_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Seniority in the United States House of Representatives">United States representatives by seniority</a> </b><br />7th
</td>
<td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rosa_DeLauro" title="Rosa DeLauro">Rosa DeLauro</a></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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title="Template:MA-FedRep"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:MA-FedRep" title="Template talk:MA-FedRep"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:MA-FedRep" title="Special:EditPage/Template:MA-FedRep"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Massachusetts&#039;s_current_delegation_to_the_United_States_Congress" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_congressional_delegations_from_Massachusetts" title="United States congressional delegations from Massachusetts">Massachusetts's current delegation</a> to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/117th_United_States_Congress" title="117th United States Congress">United States Congress</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States senators from Massachusetts">Senators</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren">Elizabeth Warren</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ed_Markey" title="Ed Markey">Ed Markey</a> (D)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States representatives from Massachusetts">Representatives <br /><span class="nobold">(ordered by district)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Richard Neal</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jim_McGovern_(American_politician)" title="Jim McGovern (American politician)">Jim McGovern</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lori_Trahan" title="Lori Trahan">Lori Trahan</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jake_Auchincloss" title="Jake Auchincloss">Jake Auchincloss</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Katherine_Clark" title="Katherine Clark">Katherine Clark</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Seth_Moulton" title="Seth Moulton">Seth Moulton</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ayanna_Pressley" title="Ayanna Pressley">Ayanna Pressley</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stephen_Lynch_(politician)" title="Stephen Lynch (politician)">Stephen Lynch</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bill_Keating_(politician)" title="Bill Keating (politician)">Bill Keating</a> (D)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Current_members_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#FFF; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #f4d552, inset -1px -1px 0 #f4d552;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Current_members_of_the_U.S._House_of_Representatives" title="Template:Current members of the U.S. House of Representatives"><abbr title="View this template" style="background:#FFF; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #f4d552, inset -1px -1px 0 #f4d552;;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Current_members_of_the_U.S._House_of_Representatives" title="Template talk:Current members of the U.S. House of Representatives"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="background:#FFF; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #f4d552, inset -1px -1px 0 #f4d552;;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Current_members_of_the_U.S._House_of_Representatives" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Current members of the U.S. House of Representatives"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="background:#FFF; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #f4d552, inset -1px -1px 0 #f4d552;;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Current_members_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_current_members_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="List of current members of the United States House of Representatives">Current members of the United States House of Representatives</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#FFF; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #f4d552, inset -1px -1px 0 #f4d552;"><div><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">Speaker</a>:</b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mike_Johnson_(Louisiana_politician)" title="Mike Johnson (Louisiana politician)">Mike Johnson</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFF; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #f4d552, inset -1px -1px 0 #f4d552;;width:1%">Majority</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Current_US_House_Republican_caucus" title="Template:Current US House Republican caucus"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Current_US_House_Republican_caucus" title="Template talk:Current US House Republican caucus"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Current_US_House_Republican_caucus" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Current US House Republican caucus"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Republican_Party_conference" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/House_Republican_Conference" title="House Republican Conference">Republican Party conference</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b>Speaker:</b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mike_Johnson_(Louisiana_politician)" title="Mike Johnson (Louisiana politician)">Mike Johnson</a> ‧ <b>Majority Leader:</b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Steve_Scalise" title="Steve Scalise">Steve Scalise</a> ‧ <b>Majority Whip:</b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tom_Emmer" title="Tom Emmer">Tom Emmer</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><b>Other members:</b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Robert_Aderholt" title="Robert Aderholt">Aderholt</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mark_Alford_(politician)" title="Mark Alford (politician)">Alford</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rick_Allen_(politician)" title="Rick Allen (politician)">Allen</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mark_Amodei" title="Mark Amodei">Amodei</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kelly_Armstrong" title="Kelly Armstrong">Armstrong</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jodey_Arrington" title="Jodey Arrington">Arrington</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brian_Babin" title="Brian Babin">Babin</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Don_Bacon" title="Don Bacon">Bacon</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jim_Baird_(politician)" title="Jim Baird (politician)">Baird</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Troy_Balderson" title="Troy Balderson">Balderson</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jim_Banks" title="Jim Banks">Banks</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Andy_Barr_(American_politician)" title="Andy Barr (American politician)">Barr</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aaron_Bean" title="Aaron Bean">Bean</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cliff_Bentz" title="Cliff Bentz">Bentz</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jack_Bergman" title="Jack Bergman">Bergman</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stephanie_Bice" title="Stephanie Bice">Bice</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Andy_Biggs" title="Andy Biggs">Biggs</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gus_Bilirakis" title="Gus Bilirakis">Bilirakis</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dan_Bishop" title="Dan Bishop">Bishop</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lauren_Boebert" title="Lauren Boebert">Boebert</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mike_Bost" title="Mike Bost">Bost</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Josh_Brecheen" title="Josh Brecheen">Brecheen</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vern_Buchanan" title="Vern Buchanan">Buchanan</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Larry_Bucshon" title="Larry Bucshon">Bucshon</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tim_Burchett" title="Tim Burchett">Burchett</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Michael_C._Burgess" title="Michael C. Burgess">Burgess</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eric_Burlison" title="Eric Burlison">Burlison</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ken_Calvert" title="Ken Calvert">Calvert</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kat_Cammack" title="Kat Cammack">Cammack</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mike_Carey_(politician)" title="Mike Carey (politician)">Carey</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jerry_Carl" title="Jerry Carl">Carl</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Buddy_Carter" title="Buddy Carter">B. Carter</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Carter_(Texas_politician)" title="John Carter (Texas politician)">J. Carter</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lori_Chavez-DeRemer" title="Lori Chavez-DeRemer">Chavez-DeRemer</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Juan_Ciscomani" title="Juan Ciscomani">Ciscomani</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ben_Cline" title="Ben Cline">Cline</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Michael_Cloud" title="Michael Cloud">Cloud</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Andrew_Clyde" title="Andrew Clyde">Clyde</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tom_Cole" title="Tom Cole">Cole</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mike_Collins_(politician)" title="Mike Collins (politician)">Collins</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/James_Comer_(politician)" title="James Comer (politician)">Comer</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eli_Crane" title="Eli Crane">Crane</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rick_Crawford_(politician)" title="Rick Crawford (politician)">Crawford</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dan_Crenshaw" title="Dan Crenshaw">Crenshaw</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Curtis_(Utah_politician)" title="John Curtis (Utah politician)">Curtis</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Warren_Davidson" title="Warren Davidson">Davidson</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Monica_De_La_Cruz" title="Monica De La Cruz">De La Cruz</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Scott_DesJarlais" title="Scott DesJarlais">DesJarlais</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Anthony_D%27Esposito" title="Anthony D'Esposito">D'Esposito</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mario_D%C3%ADaz-Balart" title="Mario Díaz-Balart">Díaz-Balart</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Byron_Donalds" title="Byron Donalds">Donalds</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Duarte_(politician)" title="John Duarte (politician)">Duarte</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jeff_Duncan_(politician)" title="Jeff Duncan (politician)">Duncan</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Neal_Dunn" title="Neal Dunn">Dunn</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chuck_Edwards" title="Chuck Edwards">Edwards</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jake_Ellzey" title="Jake Ellzey">Ellzey</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ron_Estes" title="Ron Estes">Estes</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mike_Ezell" title="Mike Ezell">Ezell</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pat_Fallon" title="Pat Fallon">Fallon</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Randy_Feenstra" title="Randy Feenstra">Feenstra</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Drew_Ferguson_(politician)" title="Drew Ferguson (politician)">Ferguson</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brad_Finstad" title="Brad Finstad">Finstad</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Michelle_Fischbach" title="Michelle Fischbach">Fischbach</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Scott_Fitzgerald_(politician)" title="Scott Fitzgerald (politician)">Fitzgerald</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brian_Fitzpatrick_(American_politician)" title="Brian Fitzpatrick (American politician)">Fitzpatrick</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chuck_Fleischmann" title="Chuck Fleischmann">Fleischmann</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mike_Flood_(politician)" title="Mike Flood (politician)">Flood</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Virginia_Foxx" title="Virginia Foxx">Foxx</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Scott_Franklin_(politician)" title="Scott Franklin (politician)">Franklin</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Russell_Fry_(politician)" title="Russell Fry (politician)">Fry</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Russ_Fulcher" title="Russ Fulcher">Fulcher</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Matt_Gaetz" title="Matt Gaetz">Gaetz</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Andrew_Garbarino" title="Andrew Garbarino">Garbarino</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mike_Garcia_(politician)" title="Mike Garcia (politician)">Garcia</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Carlos_A._Gim%C3%A9nez" title="Carlos A. Giménez">Giménez</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tony_Gonzales" title="Tony Gonzales">Gonzales</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bob_Good" title="Bob Good">Good</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lance_Gooden" title="Lance Gooden">Gooden</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Paul_Gosar" title="Paul Gosar">Gosar</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kay_Granger" title="Kay Granger">Granger</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Garret_Graves" title="Garret Graves">G. Graves</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sam_Graves" title="Sam Graves">S. Graves</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mark_Green_(Tennessee_politician)" title="Mark Green (Tennessee politician)">Green</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marjorie_Taylor_Greene" title="Marjorie Taylor Greene">Greene</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Morgan_Griffith" title="Morgan Griffith">Griffith</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Glenn_Grothman" title="Glenn Grothman">Grothman</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Michael_Guest_(politician)" title="Michael Guest (politician)">Guest</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brett_Guthrie" title="Brett Guthrie">Guthrie</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Harriet_Hageman" title="Harriet Hageman">Hageman</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Andy_Harris_(politician)" title="Andy Harris (politician)">Harris</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diana_Harshbarger" title="Diana Harshbarger">Harshbarger</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kevin_Hern" title="Kevin Hern">Hern</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Clay_Higgins" title="Clay Higgins">Higgins</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/French_Hill_(politician)" title="French Hill (politician)">Hill</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ashley_Hinson" title="Ashley Hinson">Hinson</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Erin_Houchin" title="Erin Houchin">Houchin</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Richard_Hudson_(American_politician)" title="Richard Hudson (American politician)">Hudson</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bill_Huizenga" title="Bill Huizenga">Huizenga</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wesley_Hunt" title="Wesley Hunt">Hunt</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Darrell_Issa" title="Darrell Issa">Issa</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ronny_Jackson" title="Ronny Jackson">Jackson</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_James_(Michigan_politician)" title="John James (Michigan politician)">James</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dusty_Johnson" title="Dusty Johnson">D. Johnson</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jim_Jordan" title="Jim Jordan">Jordan</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/David_Joyce_(politician)" title="David Joyce (politician)">D. Joyce</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Joyce_(American_politician)" title="John Joyce (American politician)">J. Joyce</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Thomas_Kean_Jr." title="Thomas Kean Jr.">Kean Jr.</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mike_Kelly_(Pennsylvania_politician)" title="Mike Kelly (Pennsylvania politician)">M. Kelly</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trent_Kelly" title="Trent Kelly">T. Kelly</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jen_Kiggans" title="Jen Kiggans">Kiggans</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kevin_Kiley_(politician)" title="Kevin Kiley (politician)">Kiley</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Young_Kim" title="Young Kim">Kim</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/David_Kustoff" title="David Kustoff">Kustoff</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Darin_LaHood" title="Darin LaHood">LaHood</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nick_LaLota" title="Nick LaLota">LaLota</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doug_LaMalfa" title="Doug LaMalfa">LaMalfa</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doug_Lamborn" title="Doug Lamborn">Lamborn</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nick_Langworthy" title="Nick Langworthy">Langworthy</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bob_Latta" title="Bob Latta">Latta</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jake_LaTurner" title="Jake LaTurner">LaTurner</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mike_Lawler" title="Mike Lawler">Lawler</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Laurel_Lee" title="Laurel Lee">Lee</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Debbie_Lesko" title="Debbie Lesko">Lesko</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Julia_Letlow" title="Julia Letlow">Letlow</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Barry_Loudermilk" title="Barry Loudermilk">Loudermilk</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Frank_Lucas_(Oklahoma_politician)" title="Frank Lucas (Oklahoma politician)">Lucas</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Blaine_Luetkemeyer" title="Blaine Luetkemeyer">Luetkemeyer</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Anna_Paulina_Luna" title="Anna Paulina Luna">Luna</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Morgan_Luttrell" title="Morgan Luttrell">Luttrell</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nancy_Mace" title="Nancy Mace">Mace</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nicole_Malliotakis" title="Nicole Malliotakis">Malliotakis</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Celeste_Maloy" title="Celeste Maloy">Maloy</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tracey_Mann" title="Tracey Mann">Mann</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Thomas_Massie" title="Thomas Massie">Massie</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brian_Mast" title="Brian Mast">Mast</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Michael_McCaul" title="Michael McCaul">McCaul</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lisa_McClain" title="Lisa McClain">McClain</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tom_McClintock" title="Tom McClintock">McClintock</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rich_McCormick" title="Rich McCormick">McCormick</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Patrick_McHenry" title="Patrick McHenry">McHenry</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cathy_McMorris_Rodgers" title="Cathy McMorris Rodgers">McMorris Rodgers</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dan_Meuser" title="Dan Meuser">Meuser</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Carol_Miller_(politician)" title="Carol Miller (politician)">C. Miller</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mary_Miller_(politician)" title="Mary Miller (politician)">Mar. Miller</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Max_Miller_(politician)" title="Max Miller (politician)">Max Miller</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mariannette_Miller-Meeks" title="Mariannette Miller-Meeks">Miller-Meeks</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cory_Mills" title="Cory Mills">Mills</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marc_Molinaro" title="Marc Molinaro">Molinaro</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Moolenaar" title="John Moolenaar">Moolenaar</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alex_Mooney" title="Alex Mooney">Mooney</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Barry_Moore_(Alabama_politician)" title="Barry Moore (Alabama politician)">Ba. Moore</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Blake_Moore" title="Blake Moore">Bl. Moore</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nathaniel_Moran" title="Nathaniel Moran">Moran</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Greg_Murphy_(politician)" title="Greg Murphy (politician)">Murphy</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Troy_Nehls" title="Troy Nehls">Nehls</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dan_Newhouse" title="Dan Newhouse">Newhouse</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ralph_Norman" title="Ralph Norman">Norman</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Zach_Nunn" title="Zach Nunn">Nunn</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jay_Obernolte" title="Jay Obernolte">Obernolte</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Andy_Ogles" title="Andy Ogles">Ogles</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Burgess_Owens" title="Burgess Owens">Owens</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gary_Palmer_(politician)" title="Gary Palmer (politician)">Palmer</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Greg_Pence" title="Greg Pence">Pence</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Scott_Perry_(politician)" title="Scott Perry (politician)">Perry</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/August_Pfluger" title="August Pfluger">Pfluger</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bill_Posey" title="Bill Posey">Posey</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Guy_Reschenthaler" title="Guy Reschenthaler">Reschenthaler</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hal_Rogers" title="Hal Rogers">H. Rogers</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mike_Rogers_(Alabama_politician)" title="Mike Rogers (Alabama politician)">M. Rogers</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Rose_(Tennessee_politician)" title="John Rose (Tennessee politician)">Rose</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Matt_Rosendale" title="Matt Rosendale">Rosendale</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/David_Rouzer" title="David Rouzer">Rouzer</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chip_Roy" title="Chip Roy">Roy</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Rutherford_(Florida_politician)" title="John Rutherford (Florida politician)">Rutherford</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Elvira_Salazar" title="María Elvira Salazar">Salazar</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/David_Schweikert" title="David Schweikert">Schweikert</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Austin_Scott_(politician)" title="Austin Scott (politician)">Scott</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Keith_Self" title="Keith Self">Self</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pete_Sessions" title="Pete Sessions">Sessions</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mike_Simpson" title="Mike Simpson">Simpson</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Adrian_Smith_(politician)" title="Adrian Smith (politician)">A. Smith</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chris_Smith_(New_Jersey_politician)" title="Chris Smith (New Jersey politician)">C. Smith</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jason_Smith_(American_politician)" title="Jason Smith (American politician)">J. Smith</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lloyd_Smucker" title="Lloyd Smucker">Smucker</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Victoria_Spartz" title="Victoria Spartz">Spartz</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pete_Stauber" title="Pete Stauber">Stauber</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Michelle_Steel" title="Michelle Steel">Steel</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Elise_Stefanik" title="Elise Stefanik">Stefanik</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bryan_Steil" title="Bryan Steil">Steil</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Greg_Steube" title="Greg Steube">Steube</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dale_Strong" title="Dale Strong">Strong</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Claudia_Tenney" title="Claudia Tenney">Tenney</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Glenn_Thompson_(politician)" title="Glenn Thompson (politician)">Thompson</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tom_Tiffany" title="Tom Tiffany">Tiffany</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_Timmons_(politician)" title="William Timmons (politician)">Timmons</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mike_Turner" title="Mike Turner">Turner</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/David_Valadao" title="David Valadao">Valadao</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jeff_Van_Drew" title="Jeff Van Drew">Van Drew</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Beth_Van_Duyne" title="Beth Van Duyne">Van Duyne</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Derrick_Van_Orden" title="Derrick Van Orden">Van Orden</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ann_Wagner" title="Ann Wagner">Wagner</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tim_Walberg" title="Tim Walberg">Walberg</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Michael_Waltz" title="Michael Waltz">Waltz</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Randy_Weber" title="Randy Weber">Weber</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Daniel_Webster_(Florida_politician)" title="Daniel Webster (Florida politician)">Webster</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brad_Wenstrup" title="Brad Wenstrup">Wenstrup</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bruce_Westerman" title="Bruce Westerman">Westerman</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brandon_Williams_(politician)" title="Brandon Williams (politician)">B. Williams</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Roger_Williams_(Texas_politician)" title="Roger Williams (Texas politician)">R. Williams</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joe_Wilson_(American_politician)" title="Joe Wilson (American politician)">Wilson</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rob_Wittman" title="Rob Wittman">Wittman</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Steve_Womack" title="Steve Womack">Womack</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rudy_Yakym" title="Rudy Yakym">Yakym</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ryan_Zinke" title="Ryan Zinke">Zinke</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Non-voting_members_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Non-voting members of the United States House of Representatives">Delegates</a>:</b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jenniffer_Gonz%C3%A1lez-Col%C3%B3n" title="Jenniffer González-Colón">González-Colón</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/James_Moylan" title="James Moylan">Moylan</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Amata_Coleman_Radewagen" title="Amata Coleman Radewagen">Radewagen</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFF; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #f4d552, inset -1px -1px 0 #f4d552;;width:1%">Minority</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Current_US_House_Democratic_caucus" title="Template:Current US House Democratic caucus"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Current_US_House_Democratic_caucus" title="Template talk:Current US House Democratic caucus"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Current_US_House_Democratic_caucus" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Current US House Democratic caucus"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Democratic_Party_caucus" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/House_Democratic_Caucus" title="House Democratic Caucus">Democratic Party caucus</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b>Minority Leader:</b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hakeem_Jeffries" title="Hakeem Jeffries">Hakeem Jeffries</a> ‧ <b>Minority Whip:</b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Katherine_Clark" title="Katherine Clark">Katherine Clark</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><b>Other members:</b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alma_Adams" title="Alma Adams">Adams</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pete_Aguilar" title="Pete Aguilar">Aguilar</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Colin_Allred" title="Colin Allred">Allred</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gabe_Amo" title="Gabe Amo">Amo</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jake_Auchincloss" title="Jake Auchincloss">Auchincloss</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Becca_Balint" title="Becca Balint">Balint</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nanette_Barrag%C3%A1n" title="Nanette Barragán">Barragán</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joyce_Beatty" title="Joyce Beatty">Beatty</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ami_Bera" title="Ami Bera">Bera</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Don_Beyer" title="Don Beyer">Beyer</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sanford_Bishop" title="Sanford Bishop">Bishop</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Earl_Blumenauer" title="Earl Blumenauer">Blumenauer</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lisa_Blunt_Rochester" title="Lisa Blunt Rochester">Blunt Rochester</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Suzanne_Bonamici" title="Suzanne Bonamici">Bonamici</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jamaal_Bowman" title="Jamaal Bowman">Bowman</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brendan_Boyle" title="Brendan Boyle">Boyle</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shontel_Brown" title="Shontel Brown">Brown</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Julia_Brownley" title="Julia Brownley">Brownley</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nikki_Budzinski" title="Nikki Budzinski">Budzinski</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cori_Bush" title="Cori Bush">Bush</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yadira_Caraveo" title="Yadira Caraveo">Caraveo</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Salud_Carbajal" title="Salud Carbajal">Carbajal</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tony_C%C3%A1rdenas" title="Tony Cárdenas">Cárdenas</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Carson" title="André Carson">Carson</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Troy_Carter_(politician)" title="Troy Carter (politician)">Carter</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Matt_Cartwright" title="Matt Cartwright">Cartwright</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Greg_Casar" title="Greg Casar">Casar</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ed_Case" title="Ed Case">Case</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sean_Casten" title="Sean Casten">Casten</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kathy_Castor" title="Kathy Castor">Castor</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joaquin_Castro" title="Joaquin Castro">Castro</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sheila_Cherfilus-McCormick" title="Sheila Cherfilus-McCormick">Cherfilus-McCormick</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Judy_Chu" title="Judy Chu">Chu</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yvette_Clarke" title="Yvette Clarke">Clarke</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Emanuel_Cleaver" title="Emanuel Cleaver">Cleaver</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jim_Clyburn" title="Jim Clyburn">Clyburn</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Steve_Cohen_(politician)" title="Steve Cohen (politician)">Cohen</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gerry_Connolly" title="Gerry Connolly">Connolly</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lou_Correa" title="Lou Correa">Correa</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jim_Costa" title="Jim Costa">Costa</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joe_Courtney_(politician)" title="Joe Courtney (politician)">Courtney</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Angie_Craig" title="Angie Craig">Craig</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jasmine_Crockett" title="Jasmine Crockett">Crockett</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jason_Crow" title="Jason Crow">Crow</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Henry_Cuellar" title="Henry Cuellar">Cuellar</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sharice_Davids" title="Sharice Davids">Davids</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Danny_Davis_(Illinois_politician)" title="Danny Davis (Illinois politician)">Da. Davis</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Don_Davis_(North_Carolina_politician)" title="Don Davis (North Carolina politician)">Do. Davis</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Madeleine_Dean" title="Madeleine Dean">Dean</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Diana_DeGette" title="Diana DeGette">DeGette</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rosa_DeLauro" title="Rosa DeLauro">DeLauro</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Suzan_DelBene" title="Suzan DelBene">DelBene</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chris_Deluzio" title="Chris Deluzio">Deluzio</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mark_DeSaulnier" title="Mark DeSaulnier">DeSaulnier</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Debbie_Dingell" title="Debbie Dingell">Dingell</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lloyd_Doggett" title="Lloyd Doggett">Doggett</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Veronica_Escobar" title="Veronica Escobar">Escobar</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Anna_Eshoo" title="Anna Eshoo">Eshoo</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Adriano_Espaillat" title="Adriano Espaillat">Espaillat</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dwight_Evans_(politician)" title="Dwight Evans (politician)">Evans</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lizzie_Fletcher" title="Lizzie Fletcher">Fletcher</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bill_Foster_(politician)" title="Bill Foster (politician)">Foster</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Valerie_Foushee" title="Valerie Foushee">Foushee</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lois_Frankel" title="Lois Frankel">Frankel</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Maxwell_Frost" title="Maxwell Frost">Frost</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ruben_Gallego" title="Ruben Gallego">Gallego</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Garamendi" title="John Garamendi">Garamendi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chuy_Garc%C3%ADa" title="Chuy García">C. García</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Robert_Garcia_(California_politician)" title="Robert Garcia (California politician)">R. Garcia</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sylvia_Garcia" title="Sylvia Garcia">S. Garcia</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marie_Gluesenkamp_Perez" title="Marie Gluesenkamp Perez">Gluesenkamp Perez</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jared_Golden" title="Jared Golden">Golden</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dan_Goldman" title="Dan Goldman">Goldman</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jimmy_Gomez" title="Jimmy Gomez">Gomez</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Vicente_Gonzalez_(politician)" title="Vicente Gonzalez (politician)">Gonzalez</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Josh_Gottheimer" title="Josh Gottheimer">Gottheimer</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Al_Green_(politician)" title="Al Green (politician)">Green</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ra%C3%BAl_Grijalva" title="Raúl Grijalva">Grijalva</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Josh_Harder" title="Josh Harder">Harder</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jahana_Hayes" title="Jahana Hayes">Hayes</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jim_Himes" title="Jim Himes">Himes</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Steven_Horsford" title="Steven Horsford">Horsford</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chrissy_Houlahan" title="Chrissy Houlahan">Houlahan</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Steny_Hoyer" title="Steny Hoyer">Hoyer</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Val_Hoyle" title="Val Hoyle">Hoyle</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jared_Huffman" title="Jared Huffman">Huffman</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Glenn_Ivey" title="Glenn Ivey">Ivey</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jeff_Jackson_(politician)" title="Jeff Jackson (politician)">Je. Jackson</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jonathan_Jackson_(Illinois_politician)" title="Jonathan Jackson (Illinois politician)">Jo. Jackson</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sheila_Jackson_Lee" title="Sheila Jackson Lee">Jackson Lee</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sara_Jacobs" title="Sara Jacobs">Jacobs</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pramila_Jayapal" title="Pramila Jayapal">Jayapal</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hank_Johnson" title="Hank Johnson">Johnson</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sydney_Kamlager-Dove" title="Sydney Kamlager-Dove">Kamlager-Dove</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marcy_Kaptur" title="Marcy Kaptur">Kaptur</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bill_Keating_(politician)" title="Bill Keating (politician)">Keating</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Robin_Kelly" title="Robin Kelly">Kelly</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tim_Kennedy_(politician)" title="Tim Kennedy (politician)">Kennedy</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ro_Khanna" title="Ro Khanna">Khanna</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dan_Kildee" title="Dan Kildee">Kildee</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Derek_Kilmer" title="Derek Kilmer">Kilmer</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Andy_Kim_(politician)" title="Andy Kim (politician)">Kim</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Raja_Krishnamoorthi" title="Raja Krishnamoorthi">Krishnamoorthi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Annie_Kuster" title="Annie Kuster">Kuster</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Greg_Landsman" title="Greg Landsman">Landsman</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rick_Larsen" title="Rick Larsen">Larsen</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_B._Larson" title="John B. Larson">Larson</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Barbara_Lee" title="Barbara Lee">B. Lee</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Summer_Lee" title="Summer Lee">Sum. Lee</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Susie_Lee" title="Susie Lee">Sus. Lee</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Teresa_Leger_Fernandez" title="Teresa Leger Fernandez">Leger Fernandez</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mike_Levin" title="Mike Levin">Levin</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ted_Lieu" title="Ted Lieu">Lieu</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Zoe_Lofgren" title="Zoe Lofgren">Lofgren</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stephen_Lynch_(politician)" title="Stephen Lynch (politician)">Lynch</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Seth_Magaziner" title="Seth Magaziner">Magaziner</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kathy_Manning" title="Kathy Manning">Manning</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doris_Matsui" title="Doris Matsui">Matsui</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lucy_McBath" title="Lucy McBath">McBath</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jennifer_McClellan" title="Jennifer McClellan">McClellan</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Betty_McCollum" title="Betty McCollum">McCollum</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Morgan_McGarvey" title="Morgan McGarvey">McGarvey</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jim_McGovern_(American_politician)" title="Jim McGovern (American politician)">McGovern</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gregory_Meeks" title="Gregory Meeks">Meeks</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rob_Menendez" title="Rob Menendez">Menendez</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Grace_Meng" title="Grace Meng">Meng</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kweisi_Mfume" title="Kweisi Mfume">Mfume</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gwen_Moore" title="Gwen Moore">Moore</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joseph_Morelle" title="Joseph Morelle">Morelle</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jared_Moskowitz" title="Jared Moskowitz">Moskowitz</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Seth_Moulton" title="Seth Moulton">Moulton</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Frank_J._Mrvan" title="Frank J. Mrvan">Mrvan</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kevin_Mullin" title="Kevin Mullin">Mullin</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jerry_Nadler" title="Jerry Nadler">Nadler</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Grace_Napolitano" title="Grace Napolitano">Napolitano</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Neal</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joe_Neguse" title="Joe Neguse">Neguse</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wiley_Nickel" title="Wiley Nickel">Nickel</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Donald_Norcross" title="Donald Norcross">Norcross</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alexandria_Ocasio-Cortez" title="Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez">Ocasio-Cortez</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ilhan_Omar" title="Ilhan Omar">Omar</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Frank_Pallone" title="Frank Pallone">Pallone</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jimmy_Panetta" title="Jimmy Panetta">Panetta</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chris_Pappas_(American_politician)" title="Chris Pappas (American politician)">Pappas</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bill_Pascrell" title="Bill Pascrell">Pascrell</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi" title="Nancy Pelosi">Pelosi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mary_Peltola" title="Mary Peltola">Peltola</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Scott_Peters_(politician)" title="Scott Peters (politician)">Peters</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brittany_Pettersen" title="Brittany Pettersen">Pettersen</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dean_Phillips" title="Dean Phillips">Phillips</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chellie_Pingree" title="Chellie Pingree">Pingree</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mark_Pocan" title="Mark Pocan">Pocan</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Katie_Porter" title="Katie Porter">Porter</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ayanna_Pressley" title="Ayanna Pressley">Pressley</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mike_Quigley" title="Mike Quigley">Quigley</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Delia_Ramirez" title="Delia Ramirez">Ramirez</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jamie_Raskin" title="Jamie Raskin">Raskin</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Deborah_Ross_(politician)" title="Deborah Ross (politician)">Ross</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Raul_Ruiz_(politician)" title="Raul Ruiz (politician)">Ruiz</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dutch_Ruppersberger" title="Dutch Ruppersberger">Ruppersberger</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pat_Ryan_(politician)" title="Pat Ryan (politician)">Ryan</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Andrea_Salinas" title="Andrea Salinas">Salinas</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Linda_S%C3%A1nchez" title="Linda Sánchez">Sánchez</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Sarbanes" title="John Sarbanes">Sarbanes</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mary_Gay_Scanlon" title="Mary Gay Scanlon">Scanlon</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jan_Schakowsky" title="Jan Schakowsky">Schakowsky</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Adam_Schiff" title="Adam Schiff">Schiff</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brad_Schneider" title="Brad Schneider">Schneider</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hillary_Scholten" title="Hillary Scholten">Scholten</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kim_Schrier" title="Kim Schrier">Schrier</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bobby_Scott_(politician)" title="Bobby Scott (politician)">B. Scott</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/David_Scott_(Georgia_politician)" title="David Scott (Georgia politician)">D. Scott</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Terri_Sewell" title="Terri Sewell">Sewell</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brad_Sherman" title="Brad Sherman">Sherman</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mikie_Sherrill" title="Mikie Sherrill">Sherrill</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Elissa_Slotkin" title="Elissa Slotkin">Slotkin</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Adam_Smith_(Washington_politician)" title="Adam Smith (Washington politician)">Smith</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eric_Sorensen_(politician)" title="Eric Sorensen (politician)">Sorensen</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Darren_Soto" title="Darren Soto">Soto</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Abigail_Spanberger" title="Abigail Spanberger">Spanberger</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Melanie_Stansbury" title="Melanie Stansbury">Stansbury</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Greg_Stanton" title="Greg Stanton">Stanton</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Haley_Stevens" title="Haley Stevens">Stevens</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marilyn_Strickland" title="Marilyn Strickland">Strickland</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tom_Suozzi" title="Tom Suozzi">Suozzi</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eric_Swalwell" title="Eric Swalwell">Swalwell</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Emilia_Sykes" title="Emilia Sykes">Sykes</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mark_Takano" title="Mark Takano">Takano</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shri_Thanedar" title="Shri Thanedar">Thanedar</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bennie_Thompson" title="Bennie Thompson">B. Thompson</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mike_Thompson_(California_politician)" title="Mike Thompson (California politician)">M. Thompson</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dina_Titus" title="Dina Titus">Titus</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rashida_Tlaib" title="Rashida Tlaib">Tlaib</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jill_Tokuda" title="Jill Tokuda">Tokuda</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Paul_Tonko" title="Paul Tonko">Tonko</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Norma_Torres" title="Norma Torres">N. Torres</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ritchie_Torres" title="Ritchie Torres">R. Torres</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lori_Trahan" title="Lori Trahan">Trahan</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/David_Trone" title="David Trone">Trone</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lauren_Underwood" title="Lauren Underwood">Underwood</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Juan_Vargas" title="Juan Vargas">Vargas</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gabe_Vasquez" title="Gabe Vasquez">Vasquez</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marc_Veasey" title="Marc Veasey">Veasey</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nydia_Vel%C3%A1zquez" title="Nydia Velázquez">Velázquez</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Debbie_Wasserman_Schultz" title="Debbie Wasserman Schultz">Wasserman Schultz</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Maxine_Waters" title="Maxine Waters">Waters</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bonnie_Watson_Coleman" title="Bonnie Watson Coleman">Watson Coleman</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jennifer_Wexton" title="Jennifer Wexton">Wexton</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Susan_Wild" title="Susan Wild">Wild</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nikema_Williams" title="Nikema Williams">Williams</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Frederica_Wilson" title="Frederica Wilson">Wilson</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Non-voting_members_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Non-voting members of the United States House of Representatives">Delegates</a>:</b> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eleanor_Holmes_Norton" title="Eleanor Holmes Norton">Holmes Norton</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stacey_Plaskett" title="Stacey Plaskett">Plaskett</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gregorio_Sablan" title="Gregorio Sablan">Sablan</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#FFF; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #f4d552, inset -1px -1px 0 #f4d552;"><div>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/118th_United_States_Congress" title="118th United States Congress">118th United States Congress</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_118th_United_States_Congress" title="List of acts of the 118th United States Congress">List of acts of the 118th United States Congress</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Members_of_the_U.S._House_of_Representatives_from_Massachusetts" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:United_States_representatives_from_Massachusetts" title="Template:United States representatives from Massachusetts"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_representatives_from_Massachusetts" title="Template talk:United States representatives from Massachusetts"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_representatives_from_Massachusetts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States representatives from Massachusetts"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Members_of_the_U.S._House_of_Representatives_from_Massachusetts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States representatives from Massachusetts">Members of the U.S. House of Representatives from Massachusetts</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts01 !"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_1st_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 1st congressional district">1st district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fisher_Ames" title="Fisher Ames">F. Ames</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Samuel_Dexter" title="Samuel Dexter">Dexter</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Benjamin_Goodhue" title="Benjamin Goodhue">Goodhue</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Samuel_Holten" title="Samuel Holten">Holten</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Theodore_Sedgwick" title="Theodore Sedgwick">Sedgwick</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Thomson_J._Skinner" title="Thomson J. Skinner">Skinner</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Theodore_Sedgwick" title="Theodore Sedgwick">Sedgwick</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Bacon_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="John Bacon (Massachusetts politician)">J. Bacon</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_Eustis" title="William Eustis">Eustis</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Josiah_Quincy_III" title="Josiah Quincy III">Quincy</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Artemas_Ward_Jr." title="Artemas Ward Jr.">Ward Jr.</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jonathan_Mason_(politician)" title="Jonathan Mason (politician)">Mason</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Benjamin_Gorham" title="Benjamin Gorham">Gorham</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Daniel_Webster" title="Daniel Webster">Webster</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Benjamin_Gorham" title="Benjamin Gorham">Gorham</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nathan_Appleton" title="Nathan Appleton">N. Appleton</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Benjamin_Gorham" title="Benjamin Gorham">Gorham</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Abbott_Lawrence" title="Abbott Lawrence">A. Lawrence</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Richard_Fletcher_(American_politician)" title="Richard Fletcher (American politician)">Fletcher</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Abbott_Lawrence" title="Abbott Lawrence">A. Lawrence</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Robert_Charles_Winthrop" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Charles Winthrop">Winthrop</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nathan_Appleton" title="Nathan Appleton">N. Appleton</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Robert_Charles_Winthrop" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Charles Winthrop">Winthrop</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Samuel_Atkins_Eliot_(politician)" title="Samuel Atkins Eliot (politician)">S. Eliot</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_Appleton_(politician)" title="William Appleton (politician)">W. Appleton</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Zeno_Scudder" title="Zeno Scudder">Scudder</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Thomas_D._Eliot" title="Thomas D. Eliot">T. D. Eliot</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Robert_Bernard_Hall" title="Robert Bernard Hall">Hall</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Thomas_D._Eliot" title="Thomas D. Eliot">T. D. Eliot</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/James_Buffington_(politician)" title="James Buffington (politician)">Buffington</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_W._Crapo" title="William W. Crapo">Crapo</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Robert_T._Davis" title="Robert T. Davis">R. Davis</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Charles_S._Randall" title="Charles S. Randall">Randall</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ashley_B._Wright" title="Ashley B. Wright">Wright</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_P._Lawrence" title="George P. Lawrence">G. Lawrence</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Allen_T._Treadway" title="Allen T. Treadway">Treadway</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_W._Heselton" title="John W. Heselton">Heselton</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Silvio_O._Conte" title="Silvio O. Conte">Conte</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Olver" title="John Olver">Olver</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Neal</a></li></ul>
</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="21" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/100px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/200px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></span></span><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/100px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/150px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/200px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="900" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts02 !"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district">2nd district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Benjamin_Goodhue" title="Benjamin Goodhue">Goodhue</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dwight_Foster_(politician,_born_1757)" title="Dwight Foster (politician, born 1757)">Foster</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_Lyman_(congressman)" title="William Lyman (congressman)">W. Lyman</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Theodore_Sedgwick" title="Theodore Sedgwick">Sedgwick</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Artemas_Ward" title="Artemas Ward">Ward Sr.</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_Lyman_(congressman)" title="William Lyman (congressman)">W. Lyman</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_Shepard" title="William Shepard">Shepard</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jacob_Crowninshield" title="Jacob Crowninshield">J. Crowninshield</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joseph_Story" title="Joseph Story">Story</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Benjamin_Pickman_Jr." title="Benjamin Pickman Jr.">Pickman</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_Reed_(politician)" title="William Reed (politician)">W. Reed</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timothy_Pickering" title="Timothy Pickering">Pickering</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nathaniel_Silsbee" title="Nathaniel Silsbee">Silsbee</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gideon_Barstow" title="Gideon Barstow">Barstow</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Benjamin_Williams_Crowninshield" title="Benjamin Williams Crowninshield">B. Crowninshield</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rufus_Choate" title="Rufus Choate">Choate</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stephen_C._Phillips" title="Stephen C. Phillips">Phillips</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Leverett_Saltonstall_I" title="Leverett Saltonstall I">Saltonstall</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Daniel_P._King" title="Daniel P. King">D. King</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Robert_Rantoul_Jr." title="Robert Rantoul Jr.">Rantoul</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Francis_B._Fay" title="Francis B. Fay">Fay</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Samuel_L._Crocker" title="Samuel L. Crocker">Crocker</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/James_Buffington_(politician)" title="James Buffington (politician)">Buffington</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oakes_Ames" title="Oakes Ames">O. Ames</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Benjamin_W._Harris" title="Benjamin W. Harris">Harris</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Davis_Long" title="John Davis Long">Long</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Elijah_A._Morse" title="Elijah A. Morse">E. Morse</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Frederick_H._Gillett" title="Frederick H. Gillett">Gillett</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_B._Churchill" title="George B. Churchill">Churchill</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Henry_L._Bowles" title="Henry L. Bowles">Bowles</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Will_Kirk_Kaynor" title="Will Kirk Kaynor">Kaynor</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_J._Granfield" title="William J. Granfield">Granfield</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Charles_R._Clason" title="Charles R. Clason">Clason</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Foster_Furcolo" title="Foster Furcolo">Furcolo</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Edward_Boland" title="Edward Boland">Boland</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Neal</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jim_McGovern_(American_politician)" title="Jim McGovern (American politician)">McGovern</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts03 !"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_3rd_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 3rd congressional district">3rd district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Elbridge_Gerry" title="Elbridge Gerry">Gerry</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shearjashub_Bourne" title="Shearjashub Bourne">Bourne</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Peleg_Coffin_Jr." title="Peleg Coffin Jr.">Coffin</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Samuel_Lyman" title="Samuel Lyman">S. Lyman</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ebenezer_Mattoon" title="Ebenezer Mattoon">Mattoon</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Manasseh_Cutler" title="Manasseh Cutler">Cutler</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jeremiah_Nelson" title="Jeremiah Nelson">Nelson</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Edward_St._Loe_Livermore" title="Edward St. Loe Livermore">Livermore</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Leonard_White_(politician)" title="Leonard White (politician)">White</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timothy_Pickering" title="Timothy Pickering">Pickering</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jeremiah_Nelson" title="Jeremiah Nelson">Nelson</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Varnum" title="John Varnum">Varnum</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jeremiah_Nelson" title="Jeremiah Nelson">Nelson</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gayton_P._Osgood" title="Gayton P. Osgood">Osgood</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Caleb_Cushing" title="Caleb Cushing">Cushing</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Amos_Abbott" title="Amos Abbott">A. Abbott</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/James_H._Duncan" title="James H. Duncan">Duncan</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/J._Wiley_Edmands" title="J. Wiley Edmands">Edmands</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_S._Damrell" title="William S. Damrell">Damrell</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Charles_Francis_Adams_Sr." title="Charles Francis Adams Sr.">C. Adams</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Benjamin_Thomas_(politician)" title="Benjamin Thomas (politician)">Thomas</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alexander_H._Rice" title="Alexander H. Rice">A. Rice</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ginery_Twichell" title="Ginery Twichell">Twichell</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_Whiting_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="William Whiting (Massachusetts politician)">Whiting I</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Henry_L._Pierce" title="Henry L. Pierce">Pierce</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Walbridge_A._Field" title="Walbridge A. Field">Field</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Benjamin_Dean" title="Benjamin Dean">B. Dean</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Walbridge_A._Field" title="Walbridge A. Field">Field</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ambrose_Ranney" title="Ambrose Ranney">Ranney</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Leopold_Morse" title="Leopold Morse">L. Morse</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_F._Andrew" title="John F. Andrew">J. Andrew</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joseph_H._Walker" title="Joseph H. Walker">Walker</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_R._Thayer" title="John R. Thayer">J. R. Thayer</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rockwood_Hoar" title="Rockwood Hoar">R. Hoar</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Charles_G._Washburn" title="Charles G. Washburn">C. Washburn</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_A._Thayer" title="John A. Thayer">J. A. Thayer</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_Wilder" title="William Wilder">Wilder</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Calvin_Paige" title="Calvin Paige">Paige</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Frank_H._Foss" title="Frank H. Foss">F. Foss</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joseph_E._Casey" title="Joseph E. Casey">Casey</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Philip_J._Philbin" title="Philip J. Philbin">Philbin</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Robert_Drinan" title="Robert Drinan">Drinan</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Harold_Donohue" title="Harold Donohue">Donohue</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joseph_D._Early" title="Joseph D. Early">Early</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Peter_Blute" title="Peter Blute">Blute</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jim_McGovern_(American_politician)" title="Jim McGovern (American politician)">McGovern</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Niki_Tsongas" title="Niki Tsongas">N. Tsongas</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lori_Trahan" title="Lori Trahan">Trahan</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts04 !"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_4th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 4th congressional district">4th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Theodore_Sedgwick" title="Theodore Sedgwick">Sedgwick</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Henry_Dearborn" title="Henry Dearborn">Dearborn</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_Thatcher" title="George Thatcher">G. Thatcher</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Peleg_Wadsworth" title="Peleg Wadsworth">Wadsworth</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dwight_Foster_(politician,_born_1757)" title="Dwight Foster (politician, born 1757)">Foster</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Levi_Lincoln_Sr." title="Levi Lincoln Sr.">L. Lincoln Sr.</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Seth_Hastings" title="Seth Hastings">Hastings</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joseph_Bradley_Varnum" title="Joseph Bradley Varnum">Varnum</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_M._Richardson" title="William M. Richardson">W. Richardson</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Samuel_Dana_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="Samuel Dana (Massachusetts politician)">Dana</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Asahel_Stearns" title="Asahel Stearns">Stearns</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timothy_Fuller" title="Timothy Fuller">Fuller</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Edward_Everett" title="Edward Everett">E. Everett</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Samuel_Hoar" title="Samuel Hoar">Sa. Hoar</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_Parmenter" title="William Parmenter">Parmenter</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Benjamin_Thompson_(politician)" title="Benjamin Thompson (politician)">Thompson</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_G._Palfrey" title="John G. Palfrey">Palfrey</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Benjamin_Thompson_(politician)" title="Benjamin Thompson (politician)">Thompson</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lorenzo_Sabine" title="Lorenzo Sabine">Sabine</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Samuel_H._Walley" title="Samuel H. Walley">Walley</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Linus_B._Comins" title="Linus B. Comins">Comins</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alexander_H._Rice" title="Alexander H. Rice">A. Rice</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Samuel_Hooper" title="Samuel Hooper">Hooper</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rufus_S._Frost" title="Rufus S. Frost">Frost</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Josiah_Gardner_Abbott" title="Josiah Gardner Abbott">J. Abbott</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Leopold_Morse" title="Leopold Morse">L. Morse</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Patrick_Collins_(mayor)" title="Patrick Collins (mayor)">Collins</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joseph_H._O%27Neil" title="Joseph H. O'Neil">O'Neil</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lewis_D._Apsley" title="Lewis D. Apsley">Apsley</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_W._Weymouth" title="George W. Weymouth">Weymouth</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Charles_Q._Tirrell" title="Charles Q. Tirrell">Tirrell</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Joseph_Mitchell" title="John Joseph Mitchell">Mitchell</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_Wilder" title="William Wilder">Wilder</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Samuel_Winslow" title="Samuel Winslow">Winslow</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_R._Stobbs" title="George R. Stobbs">Stobbs</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pehr_G._Holmes" title="Pehr G. Holmes">P. Holmes</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Harold_Donohue" title="Harold Donohue">Donohue</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Robert_Drinan" title="Robert Drinan">Drinan</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Barney_Frank" title="Barney Frank">Frank</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joe_Kennedy_III" title="Joe Kennedy III">Kennedy III</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jake_Auchincloss" title="Jake Auchincloss">Auchincloss</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts05 !"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_5th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 5th congressional district">5th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_Partridge" title="George Partridge">Partridge</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shearjashub_Bourne" title="Shearjashub Bourne">Bourne</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nathaniel_Freeman_Jr." title="Nathaniel Freeman Jr.">Freeman</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lemuel_Williams" title="Lemuel Williams">L. Williams</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Thomas_Dwight_(politician)" title="Thomas Dwight (politician)">T. Dwight</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_Ely" title="William Ely">Ely</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Elijah_H._Mills" title="Elijah H. Mills">Mills</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Samuel_Lathrop" title="Samuel Lathrop">Lathrop</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jonas_Sibley" title="Jonas Sibley">Sibley</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Davis_(Massachusetts_governor)" title="John Davis (Massachusetts governor)">J. Davis</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Levi_Lincoln_Jr." title="Levi Lincoln Jr.">L. Lincoln Jr.</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Charles_Hudson_(American_politician)" title="Charles Hudson (American politician)">Hudson</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Charles_Allen_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="Charles Allen (Massachusetts politician)">C. Allen</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_Appleton_(politician)" title="William Appleton (politician)">W. Appleton</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Anson_Burlingame" title="Anson Burlingame">Burlingame</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_Appleton_(politician)" title="William Appleton (politician)">W. Appleton</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Samuel_Hooper" title="Samuel Hooper">Hooper</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_B._Alley" title="John B. Alley">Alley</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Benjamin_Butler" title="Benjamin Butler">Butler</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Daniel_W._Gooch" title="Daniel W. Gooch">Gooch</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nathaniel_P._Banks" title="Nathaniel P. Banks">Banks</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Selwyn_Z._Bowman" title="Selwyn Z. Bowman">Bowman</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Leopold_Morse" title="Leopold Morse">L. Morse</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Edward_D._Hayden" title="Edward D. Hayden">Hayden</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nathaniel_P._Banks" title="Nathaniel P. Banks">Banks</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sherman_Hoar" title="Sherman Hoar">Sh. Hoar</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Moses_T._Stevens" title="Moses T. Stevens">Stevens</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_Shadrach_Knox" class="mw-redirect" title="William Shadrach Knox">Knox</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Butler_Ames" title="Butler Ames">B. Ames</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Jacob_Rogers" title="John Jacob Rogers">J. Rogers</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Edith_Nourse_Rogers" title="Edith Nourse Rogers">E. Rogers</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/F._Bradford_Morse" title="F. Bradford Morse">B. Morse</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Paul_W._Cronin" title="Paul W. Cronin">Cronin</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Paul_Tsongas" title="Paul Tsongas">P. Tsongas</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/James_Shannon_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="James Shannon (Massachusetts politician)">Shannon</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chester_G._Atkins" title="Chester G. Atkins">Atkins</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marty_Meehan" title="Marty Meehan">Meehan</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Niki_Tsongas" title="Niki Tsongas">N. Tsongas</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ed_Markey" title="Ed Markey">Markey</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Katherine_Clark" title="Katherine Clark">Clark</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts06 !"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_6th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 6th congressional district">6th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_Thatcher" title="George Thatcher">G. Thatcher</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_Leonard_(congressman)" title="George Leonard (congressman)">Leonard</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Reed_Sr." title="John Reed Sr.">J. Reed Sr.</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Josiah_Smith" title="Josiah Smith">J. Smith</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Samuel_Taggart" title="Samuel Taggart">Taggart</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Samuel_Clesson_Allen" title="Samuel Clesson Allen">S. Allen</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Locke_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="John Locke (Massachusetts politician)">Locke</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joseph_G._Kendall" title="Joseph G. Kendall">Kendall</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_Grennell_Jr." title="George Grennell Jr.">Grennell</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/James_C._Alvord" title="James C. Alvord">Alvord</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Osmyn_Baker" title="Osmyn Baker">Baker</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_Ashmun" title="George Ashmun">Ashmun</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_T._Davis" title="George T. Davis">G. Davis</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Charles_Wentworth_Upham" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Wentworth Upham">Upham</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Timothy_Davis_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="Timothy Davis (Massachusetts politician)">T. Davis</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_B._Alley" title="John B. Alley">Alley</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Daniel_W._Gooch" title="Daniel W. Gooch">Gooch</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nathaniel_P._Banks" title="Nathaniel P. Banks">Banks</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Benjamin_Butler" title="Benjamin Butler">Butler</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Charles_Perkins_Thompson" title="Charles Perkins Thompson">Thompson</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_B._Loring" title="George B. Loring">Loring</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eben_F._Stone" title="Eben F. Stone">Stone</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Henry_B._Lovering" title="Henry B. Lovering">Lovering</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Henry_Cabot_Lodge" title="Henry Cabot Lodge">Lodge</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_Cogswell" title="William Cogswell">Cogswell</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_Henry_Moody" title="William Henry Moody">Moody</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Augustus_Peabody_Gardner" class="mw-redirect" title="Augustus Peabody Gardner">Gardner</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Willfred_W._Lufkin" title="Willfred W. Lufkin">Lufkin</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/A._Piatt_Andrew" title="A. Piatt Andrew">A.P. Andrew</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_J._Bates" title="George J. Bates">G. Bates</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_H._Bates" title="William H. Bates">W. Bates</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Michael_J._Harrington" title="Michael J. Harrington">Harrington</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nicholas_Mavroules" title="Nicholas Mavroules">Mavroules</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Peter_G._Torkildsen" title="Peter G. Torkildsen">Torkildsen</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_F._Tierney" title="John F. Tierney">Tierney</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Seth_Moulton" title="Seth Moulton">Moulton</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts07 !"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_7th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 7th congressional district">7th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_Leonard_(congressman)" title="George Leonard (congressman)">Leonard</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Artemas_Ward" title="Artemas Ward">Ward Sr.</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_Leonard_(congressman)" title="George Leonard (congressman)">Leonard</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stephen_Bullock" title="Stephen Bullock">Bullock</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Phanuel_Bishop" title="Phanuel Bishop">Bishop</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nahum_Mitchell" title="Nahum Mitchell">Mitchell</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joseph_Barker_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="Joseph Barker (Massachusetts politician)">Barker</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_Baylies" title="William Baylies">Baylies</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Charles_Turner_Jr." title="Charles Turner Jr.">Turner</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_Baylies" title="William Baylies">Baylies</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_W._Hulbert" title="John W. Hulbert">Hulbert</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Henry_Shaw_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="Henry Shaw (Massachusetts politician)">Shaw</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Henry_W._Dwight" title="Henry W. Dwight">H. Dwight</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Samuel_Clesson_Allen" title="Samuel Clesson Allen">S. Allen</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_Grennell_Jr." title="George Grennell Jr.">Grennell</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_N._Briggs" title="George N. Briggs">Briggs</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Julius_Rockwell" title="Julius Rockwell">J. Rockwell</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Z._Goodrich" title="John Z. Goodrich">Goodrich</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nathaniel_P._Banks" title="Nathaniel P. Banks">Banks</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Daniel_W._Gooch" title="Daniel W. Gooch">Gooch</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_S._Boutwell" title="George S. Boutwell">Boutwell</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_M._Brooks" title="George M. Brooks">Brooks</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Constantine_C._Esty" title="Constantine C. Esty">Esty</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ebenezer_R._Hoar" title="Ebenezer R. Hoar">E. Hoar</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_K._Tarbox" title="John K. Tarbox">Tarbox</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Benjamin_Butler" title="Benjamin Butler">Butler</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_A._Russell_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="William A. Russell (Massachusetts politician)">W. Russell</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eben_F._Stone" title="Eben F. Stone">Stone</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_Cogswell" title="William Cogswell">Cogswell</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_Everett" title="William Everett">W. Everett</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_Emerson_Barrett" title="William Emerson Barrett">Barrett</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ernest_W._Roberts" title="Ernest W. Roberts">Roberts</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Michael_Francis_Phelan" title="Michael Francis Phelan">Phelan</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Robert_S._Maloney" title="Robert S. Maloney">Maloney</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_P._Connery_Jr." title="William P. Connery Jr.">W. Connery</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lawrence_J._Connery" title="Lawrence J. Connery">L. Connery</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Thomas_J._Lane" title="Thomas J. Lane">Lane</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Torbert_Macdonald" title="Torbert Macdonald">Macdonald</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ed_Markey" title="Ed Markey">Markey</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mike_Capuano" title="Mike Capuano">Capuano</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ayanna_Pressley" title="Ayanna Pressley">Pressley</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts08 !"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_8th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 8th congressional district">8th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jonathan_Grout" title="Jonathan Grout">Grout</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_Thatcher" title="George Thatcher">G. Thatcher</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fisher_Ames" title="Fisher Ames">F. Ames</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Harrison_Gray_Otis_(politician)" title="Harrison Gray Otis (politician)">Otis</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_Eustis" title="William Eustis">Eustis</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lemuel_Williams" title="Lemuel Williams">L. Williams</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Isaiah_L._Green" title="Isaiah L. Green">Green</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gideon_Gardner" title="Gideon Gardner">Gardner</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Isaiah_L._Green" title="Isaiah L. Green">Green</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Reed_Jr." title="John Reed Jr.">J. Reed Jr.</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_Baylies" title="William Baylies">Baylies</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Zabdiel_Sampson" title="Zabdiel Sampson">Sampson</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aaron_Hobart" title="Aaron Hobart">Hobart</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Samuel_Lathrop" title="Samuel Lathrop">Lathrop</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Isaac_C._Bates" title="Isaac C. Bates">Bates</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_B._Calhoun" title="William B. Calhoun">Calhoun</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams">J. Adams</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Horace_Mann" title="Horace Mann">Mann</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tappan_Wentworth" title="Tappan Wentworth">Wentworth</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chauncey_L._Knapp" title="Chauncey L. Knapp">Knapp</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Charles_R._Train" title="Charles R. Train">Train</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Denison_Baldwin" class="mw-redirect" title="John Denison Baldwin">Baldwin</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_F._Hoar" title="George F. Hoar">G. Hoar</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_M._S._Williams" title="John M. S. Williams">J. M. S. Williams</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_W._Warren" title="William W. Warren">Warren</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_Claflin" title="William Claflin">Claflin</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_W._Candler" title="John W. Candler">Candler</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_A._Russell_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="William A. Russell (Massachusetts politician)">W Russell</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Charles_Herbert_Allen" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Herbert Allen">C. H. Allen</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Frederic_T._Greenhalge" title="Frederic T. Greenhalge">Greenhalge</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Moses_T._Stevens" title="Moses T. Stevens">Stevens</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Samuel_W._McCall" title="Samuel W. McCall">McCall</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Frederick_Simpson_Deitrick" title="Frederick Simpson Deitrick">Deitrick</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Frederick_W._Dallinger" title="Frederick W. Dallinger">Dallinger</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Harry_Irving_Thayer" title="Harry Irving Thayer">H. Thayer</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Frederick_W._Dallinger" title="Frederick W. Dallinger">Dallinger</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Arthur_Daniel_Healey" title="Arthur Daniel Healey">Healey</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Angier_Goodwin" title="Angier Goodwin">Goodwin</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Torbert_Macdonald" title="Torbert Macdonald">Macdonald</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tip_O%27Neill" title="Tip O'Neill">O'Neill</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joseph_P._Kennedy_II" title="Joseph P. Kennedy II">Kennedy II</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mike_Capuano" title="Mike Capuano">Capuano</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stephen_Lynch_(politician)" title="Stephen Lynch (politician)">Lynch</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts09 !"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_9th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 9th congressional district">9th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joseph_Bradley_Varnum" title="Joseph Bradley Varnum">Varnum</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Phanuel_Bishop" title="Phanuel Bishop">Bishop</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Josiah_Dean" title="Josiah Dean">J. Dean</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Laban_Wheaton" title="Laban Wheaton">Wheaton</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Reed_Jr." title="John Reed Jr.">J. Reed Jr.</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Walter_Folger_Jr." title="Walter Folger Jr.">Folger</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Reed_Jr." title="John Reed Jr.">J. Reed Jr.</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Henry_W._Dwight" title="Henry W. Dwight">H. Dwight</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_N._Briggs" title="George N. Briggs">Briggs</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_Jackson_(Massachusetts_politician,_born_1783)" title="William Jackson (Massachusetts politician, born 1783)">Jackson</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_Soden_Hastings" title="William Soden Hastings">Hastings</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Henry_Williams_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="Henry Williams (Massachusetts politician)">H. Williams</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Artemas_Hale" title="Artemas Hale">Hale</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Orin_Fowler" title="Orin Fowler">Fowler</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Edward_P._Little" title="Edward P. Little">Little</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alexander_De_Witt" title="Alexander De Witt">De Witt</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eli_Thayer" title="Eli Thayer">E. Thayer</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Goldsmith_Bailey" title="Goldsmith Bailey">Bailey</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Amasa_Walker" title="Amasa Walker">A. Walker</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_B._Washburn" title="William B. Washburn">W. Washburn</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alvah_Crocker" title="Alvah Crocker">Crocker</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_F._Hoar" title="George F. Hoar">G. Hoar</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_W._Rice" title="William W. Rice">W. Rice</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Theodore_Lyman_III" title="Theodore Lyman III">T. Lyman</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Frederick_D._Ely" title="Frederick D. Ely">Ely</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Edward_Burnett" title="Edward Burnett">Burnett</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_W._Candler" title="John W. Candler">Candler</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_F._Williams" title="George F. Williams">G. Williams</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joseph_H._O%27Neil" title="Joseph H. O'Neil">O'Neil</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_F._Fitzgerald" title="John F. Fitzgerald">Fitzgerald</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joseph_A._Conry" title="Joseph A. Conry">Conry</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_A._Keliher" title="John A. Keliher">Keliher</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_Francis_Murray" title="William Francis Murray">Murray</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ernest_W._Roberts" title="Ernest W. Roberts">Roberts</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alvan_T._Fuller" title="Alvan T. Fuller">Fuller</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Charles_L._Underhill" title="Charles L. Underhill">Underhill</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Robert_Luce" title="Robert Luce">Luce</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Richard_M._Russell" title="Richard M. Russell">R. Russell</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Robert_Luce" title="Robert Luce">Luce</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Thomas_H._Eliot" title="Thomas H. Eliot">T. H. Eliot</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Charles_L._Gifford" title="Charles L. Gifford">Gifford</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Donald_W._Nicholson" title="Donald W. Nicholson">Nicholson</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hastings_Keith" title="Hastings Keith">Keith</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_W._McCormack" title="John W. McCormack">McCormack</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Louise_Day_Hicks" title="Louise Day Hicks">Hicks</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joe_Moakley" title="Joe Moakley">Moakley</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stephen_Lynch_(politician)" title="Stephen Lynch (politician)">Lynch</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bill_Keating_(politician)" title="Bill Keating (politician)">Keating</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts10 !"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_10th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 10th congressional district">10th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Benjamin_Goodhue" title="Benjamin Goodhue">Goodhue</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Samuel_Sewall_(congressman)" title="Samuel Sewall (congressman)">Sewall</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nathan_Read" title="Nathan Read">Read</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Seth_Hastings" title="Seth Hastings">Hastings</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jabez_Upham" title="Jabez Upham">Upham</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joseph_Allen_(congressman)" title="Joseph Allen (congressman)">J. Allen</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Elijah_Brigham" title="Elijah Brigham">Brigham</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Laban_Wheaton" title="Laban Wheaton">Wheaton</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marcus_Morton" title="Marcus Morton">Morton</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Francis_Baylies" title="Francis Baylies">F Baylies</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Bailey_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="John Bailey (Massachusetts politician)">Bailey</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Henry_Alexander_Scammell_Dearborn" title="Henry Alexander Scammell Dearborn">H. A. S. Dearborn</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_Baylies" title="William Baylies">W. Baylies</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nathaniel_B._Borden" title="Nathaniel B. Borden">Borden</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Henry_Williams_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="Henry Williams (Massachusetts politician)">H. Williams</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nathaniel_B._Borden" title="Nathaniel B. Borden">Borden</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Barker_Burnell" title="Barker Burnell">Burnell</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joseph_Grinnell_(politician)" title="Joseph Grinnell (politician)">Grinnell</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Zeno_Scudder" title="Zeno Scudder">Scudder</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Edward_Dickinson" title="Edward Dickinson">Dickinson</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Calvin_C._Chaffee" title="Calvin C. Chaffee">Chaffee</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Charles_Delano" title="Charles Delano">Delano</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Henry_L._Dawes" title="Henry L. Dawes">Dawes</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alvah_Crocker" title="Alvah Crocker">Crocker</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Charles_A._Stevens" title="Charles A. Stevens">Stevens</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Julius_Hawley_Seelye" title="Julius Hawley Seelye">Seelye</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Amasa_Norcross" title="Amasa Norcross">Norcross</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_W._Rice" title="William W. Rice">W. Rice</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_E._Russell" title="John E. Russell">J. E. Russell</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joseph_H._Walker" title="Joseph H. Walker">J. Walker</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Michael_J._McEttrick" title="Michael J. McEttrick">McEttrick</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Harrison_Henry_Atwood" class="mw-redirect" title="Harrison Henry Atwood">Atwood</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Samuel_J._Barrows" title="Samuel J. Barrows">Barrows</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Henry_F._Naphen" title="Henry F. Naphen">Naphen</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_S._McNary" title="William S. McNary">McNary</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joseph_F._O%27Connell" title="Joseph F. O'Connell">O'Connell</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/James_Michael_Curley" title="James Michael Curley">Curley</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_Francis_Murray" title="William Francis Murray">Murray</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Peter_Francis_Tague" title="Peter Francis Tague">Tague</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_F._Fitzgerald" title="John F. Fitzgerald">Fitzgerald</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Peter_Francis_Tague" title="Peter Francis Tague">Tague</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_J._Douglass" title="John J. Douglass">Douglass</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_H._Tinkham" title="George H. Tinkham">Tinkham</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Christian_Herter" title="Christian Herter">Herter</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Laurence_Curtis" title="Laurence Curtis">Curtis</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joseph_W._Martin_Jr." title="Joseph W. Martin Jr.">Martin</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Margaret_Heckler" title="Margaret Heckler">Heckler</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gerry_Studds" title="Gerry Studds">Studds</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bill_Delahunt" title="Bill Delahunt">Delahunt</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bill_Keating_(politician)" title="Bill Keating (politician)">Keating</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts11 !"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_11th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 11th congressional district">11th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Theophilus_Bradbury" title="Theophilus Bradbury">Bradbury</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bailey_Bartlett" title="Bailey Bartlett">Bartlett</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Manasseh_Cutler" title="Manasseh Cutler">Cutler</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_Stedman" title="William Stedman">Stedman</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Abijah_Bigelow" title="Abijah Bigelow">A. Bigelow</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Elijah_Brigham" title="Elijah Brigham">Brigham</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Benjamin_Adams_(politician)" title="Benjamin Adams (politician)">B. Adams</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jonathan_Russell" title="Jonathan Russell">J. Russell</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aaron_Hobart" title="Aaron Hobart">Hobart</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joseph_Richardson_(American_politician)" title="Joseph Richardson (American politician)">J. Richardson</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams">J. Adams</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Reed_Jr." title="John Reed Jr.">J. Reed Jr.</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Barker_Burnell" title="Barker Burnell">Burnell</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Z._Goodrich" title="John Z. Goodrich">Goodrich</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mark_Trafton" title="Mark Trafton">Trafton</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Henry_L._Dawes" title="Henry L. Dawes">Dawes</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chester_W._Chapin" title="Chester W. Chapin">Chapin</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_D._Robinson" title="George D. Robinson">Robinson</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_Whiting_II" title="William Whiting II">Whiting II</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rodney_Wallace_(politician)" title="Rodney Wallace (politician)">Wallace</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Frederick_S._Coolidge" title="Frederick S. Coolidge">Coolidge</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_Franklin_Draper_(politician)" title="William Franklin Draper (politician)">Draper</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Charles_F._Sprague" title="Charles F. Sprague">Sprague</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Samuel_L._Powers" title="Samuel L. Powers">Powers</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Andrew_Sullivan" title="John Andrew Sullivan">Sullivan</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Andrew_James_Peters" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrew James Peters">Peters</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_H._Tinkham" title="George H. Tinkham">Tinkham</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_J._Douglass" title="John J. Douglass">Douglass</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Patrick_Higgins" class="mw-redirect" title="John Patrick Higgins">Higgins</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Thomas_A._Flaherty" title="Thomas A. Flaherty">Flaherty</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/James_Michael_Curley" title="James Michael Curley">Curley</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">Kennedy</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tip_O%27Neill" title="Tip O'Neill">O'Neill</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/James_A._Burke_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="James A. Burke (Massachusetts politician)">Burke</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brian_J._Donnelly" title="Brian J. Donnelly">Donnelly</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts12 !"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_12th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 12th congressional district">12th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Henry_Dearborn" title="Henry Dearborn">H. Dearborn</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Isaac_Parker_(Massachusetts_judge)" title="Isaac Parker (Massachusetts judge)">I. Parker</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Silas_Lee" title="Silas Lee">Lee</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Samuel_Thatcher" title="Samuel Thatcher">S. Thatcher</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Thomson_J._Skinner" title="Thomson J. Skinner">Skinner</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Simon_Larned" title="Simon Larned">Larned</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Barnabas_Bidwell" title="Barnabas Bidwell">Bidwell</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ezekiel_Bacon" title="Ezekiel Bacon">Bacon</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Daniel_Dewey" title="Daniel Dewey">Dewey</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_W._Hulbert" title="John W. Hulbert">Hulbert</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Solomon_Strong" title="Solomon Strong">Strong</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jonas_Kendall" title="Jonas Kendall">Kendall</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lewis_Bigelow" title="Lewis Bigelow">L. Bigelow</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Francis_Baylies" title="Francis Baylies">Baylies</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/James_L._Hodges" title="James L. Hodges">Hodges</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams">J. Adams</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_D._Robinson" title="George D. Robinson">Robinson</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Francis_W._Rockwell_(politician)" title="Francis W. Rockwell (politician)">F. Rockwell</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Crawford_Crosby" title="John Crawford Crosby">Crosby</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Elijah_A._Morse" title="Elijah A. Morse">E. Morse</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_C._Lovering" title="William C. Lovering">Lovering</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Samuel_L._Powers" title="Samuel L. Powers">Powers</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_W._Weeks" title="John W. Weeks">Weeks</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/James_Michael_Curley" title="James Michael Curley">Curley</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/James_A._Gallivan" title="James A. Gallivan">Gallivan</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_W._McCormack" title="John W. McCormack">McCormack</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hastings_Keith" title="Hastings Keith">Keith</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gerry_Studds" title="Gerry Studds">Studds</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts13 !"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_13th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 13th congressional district">13th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Peleg_Wadsworth" title="Peleg Wadsworth">Wadsworth</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ebenezer_Seaver" title="Ebenezer Seaver">Seaver</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nathaniel_Ruggles" title="Nathaniel Ruggles">Ruggles</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Edward_Dowse" title="Edward Dowse">Dowse</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_Eustis" title="William Eustis">Eustis</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Reed_Jr." title="John Reed Jr.">J. Reed Jr.</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Charles_S._Randall" title="Charles S. Randall">Randall</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Simpkins" title="John Simpkins">Simpkins</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_S._Greene" title="William S. Greene">Greene</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_W._Weeks" title="John W. Weeks">Weeks</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Joseph_Mitchell" title="John Joseph Mitchell">Mitchell</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_Henry_Carter" title="William Henry Carter">Carter</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Robert_Luce" title="Robert Luce">Luce</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Richard_B._Wigglesworth" title="Richard B. Wigglesworth">Wigglesworth</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/James_A._Burke_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="James A. Burke (Massachusetts politician)">Burke</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts14 !"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_14th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 14th congressional district">14th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_Thatcher" title="George Thatcher">G. Thatcher</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Richard_Cutts" title="Richard Cutts">Cutts</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cyrus_King" title="Cyrus King">C. King</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Holmes_(Maine_politician)" title="John Holmes (Maine politician)">J. Holmes</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_C._Lovering" title="William C. Lovering">Lovering</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eugene_Foss" title="Eugene Foss">E. Foss</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Robert_O._Harris" title="Robert O. Harris">Harris</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Edward_Gilmore" title="Edward Gilmore">Gilmore</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Richard_Olney_II" title="Richard Olney II">Olney</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Louis_A._Frothingham" title="Louis A. Frothingham">Frothingham</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Richard_B._Wigglesworth" title="Richard B. Wigglesworth">Wigglesworth</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joseph_W._Martin_Jr." title="Joseph W. Martin Jr.">Martin</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts15 !"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_15th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 15th congressional district">15th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Peleg_Wadsworth" title="Peleg Wadsworth">Wadsworth</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Daniel_Ilsley" title="Daniel Ilsley">Ilsley</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ezekiel_Whitman" title="Ezekiel Whitman">Whitman</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_Widgery" title="William Widgery">Widgery</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_Bradbury_(American_politician)" title="George Bradbury (American politician)">Bradbury</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ezekiel_Whitman" title="Ezekiel Whitman">Whitman</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_S._Greene" title="William S. Greene">Greene</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Robert_M._Leach" title="Robert M. Leach">Leach</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joseph_W._Martin_Jr." title="Joseph W. Martin Jr.">Martin</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Charles_L._Gifford" title="Charles L. Gifford">Gifford</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts16 !"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_16th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 16th congressional district">16th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Samuel_Thatcher" title="Samuel Thatcher">S. Thatcher</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Orchard_Cook" title="Orchard Cook">Cook</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Peleg_Tallman" title="Peleg Tallman">Tallman</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Samuel_Davis_(politician)" title="Samuel Davis (politician)">S. Davis</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Benjamin_Brown_(politician)" title="Benjamin Brown (politician)">Brown</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Benjamin_Orr_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="Benjamin Orr (Massachusetts politician)">Orr</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mark_Langdon_Hill" title="Mark Langdon Hill">Hill</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Thomas_Chandler_Thacher" title="Thomas Chandler Thacher">Thacher</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joseph_Walsh_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="Joseph Walsh (Massachusetts politician)">Walsh</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Charles_L._Gifford" title="Charles L. Gifford">Gifford</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts17 !"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_17th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 17th congressional district">17th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Phineas_Bruce" title="Phineas Bruce">Bruce</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Chandler" title="John Chandler">Chandler</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Barzillai_Gannett" title="Barzillai Gannett">Gannett</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Francis_Carr_(District_of_Maine_politician)" title="Francis Carr (District of Maine politician)">F. Carr</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Abiel_Wood" title="Abiel Wood">Wood</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/James_Carr_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="James Carr (Massachusetts politician)">J. Carr</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Wilson_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="John Wilson (Massachusetts politician)">Wilson</a></li></ul>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Martin_Kinsley" title="Martin Kinsley">Kinsley</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts18 !"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_18th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 18th congressional district">18th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Wilson_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="John Wilson (Massachusetts politician)">Wilson</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Thomas_Rice_(1768)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Rice (1768)">T. Rice</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/James_Parker_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="James Parker (Massachusetts politician)">J. Parker</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts19 !"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_19th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 19th congressional district">19th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/James_Parker_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="James Parker (Massachusetts politician)">J. Parker</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Samuel_S._Conner" title="Samuel S. Conner">Conner</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joshua_Gage" title="Joshua Gage">Gage</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joshua_Cushman" title="Joshua Cushman">Cushman</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts20 !"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_20th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 20th congressional district">20th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Levi_Hubbard" title="Levi Hubbard">Hubbard</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Albion_Parris" title="Albion Parris">Parris</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Enoch_Lincoln" title="Enoch Lincoln">E. Lincoln</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="MassachusettsAL !"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_at-large_congressional_seat" title="Massachusetts's at-large congressional seat">At-large</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/David_Cobb_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="David Cobb (Massachusetts politician)">Cobb</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chairmen_of_the_United_States_House_Committee_on_Ways_and_Means" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:US_House_Ways_and_Means_chairs" title="Template:US House Ways and Means chairs"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:US_House_Ways_and_Means_chairs" title="Template talk:US House Ways and Means chairs"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_House_Ways_and_Means_chairs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US House Ways and Means chairs"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chairmen_of_the_United_States_House_Committee_on_Ways_and_Means" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Ways_and_Means" title="United States House Committee on Ways and Means">Chairmen of the United States House Committee on Ways and Means</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Thomas_Fitzsimons" title="Thomas Fitzsimons">Fitzsimons</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_Loughton_Smith" title="William Loughton Smith">W. Smith</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Robert_Goodloe_Harper" title="Robert Goodloe Harper">Harper</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Roger_Griswold" title="Roger Griswold">Griswold</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Randolph_of_Roanoke" title="John Randolph of Roanoke">Randolph</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joseph_Clay" title="Joseph Clay">Clay</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_W._Campbell" title="George W. Campbell">G. Campbell</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Wayles_Eppes" title="John Wayles Eppes">Eppes</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ezekiel_Bacon" title="Ezekiel Bacon">Bacon</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Langdon_Cheves" title="Langdon Cheves">Cheves</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Wayles_Eppes" title="John Wayles Eppes">Eppes</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_Lowndes_(congressman)" title="William Lowndes (congressman)">Lowndes</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Samuel_Smith_(Maryland_politician)" title="Samuel Smith (Maryland politician)">S. Smith</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Louis_McLane" title="Louis McLane">McLane</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Randolph_of_Roanoke" title="John Randolph of Roanoke">Randolph</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_McDuffie" title="George McDuffie">McDuffie</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gulian_C._Verplanck" title="Gulian C. Verplanck">Verplanck</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/James_K._Polk" title="James K. Polk">Polk</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Churchill_C._Cambreleng" title="Churchill C. Cambreleng">Cambreleng</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Winston_Jones" title="John Winston Jones">J. W. Jones</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Millard_Fillmore" title="Millard Fillmore">Fillmore</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/James_Iver_McKay" class="mw-redirect" title="James Iver McKay">McKay</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Samuel_Finley_Vinton" class="mw-redirect" title="Samuel Finley Vinton">Vinton</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Thomas_H._Bayly" title="Thomas H. Bayly">Bayly</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_S._Houston" title="George S. Houston">Houston</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lewis_D._Campbell" title="Lewis D. Campbell">L. Campbell</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jehu_Glancy_Jones" class="mw-redirect" title="Jehu Glancy Jones">J. G. Jones</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_S._Phelps" title="John S. Phelps">Phelps</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Sherman" title="John Sherman">Sherman</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Thaddeus_Stevens" title="Thaddeus Stevens">Stevens</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Justin_S._Morrill" title="Justin S. Morrill">Morrill</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Robert_C._Schenck" title="Robert C. Schenck">Schenck</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Samuel_Hooper" title="Samuel Hooper">Hooper</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Henry_L._Dawes" title="Henry L. Dawes">Dawes</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_Ralls_Morrison" title="William Ralls Morrison">Morrison</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fernando_Wood" title="Fernando Wood">Wood</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Randolph_Tucker_(politician)" title="John Randolph Tucker (politician)">Tucker</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_D._Kelley" title="William D. Kelley">Kelley</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_Ralls_Morrison" title="William Ralls Morrison">Morrison</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Roger_Q._Mills" title="Roger Q. Mills">R. Mills</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_McKinley" title="William McKinley">McKinley</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_McKendree_Springer" title="William McKendree Springer">Springer</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_Lyne_Wilson" title="William Lyne Wilson">Wilson</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nelson_Dingley_Jr." title="Nelson Dingley Jr.">Dingley</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sereno_E._Payne" title="Sereno E. Payne">Payne</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oscar_Underwood" title="Oscar Underwood">Underwood</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Claude_Kitchin" title="Claude Kitchin">Kitchin</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joseph_W._Fordney" title="Joseph W. Fordney">Fordney</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/William_R._Green" title="William R. Green">Green</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Willis_C._Hawley" title="Willis C. Hawley">Hawley</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/James_Collier_(politician)" title="James Collier (politician)">Collier</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Robert_L._Doughton" title="Robert L. Doughton">Doughton</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Harold_Knutson" title="Harold Knutson">Knutson</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Robert_L._Doughton" title="Robert L. Doughton">Doughton</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Daniel_A._Reed_(politician)" title="Daniel A. Reed (politician)">Reed</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jere_Cooper" title="Jere Cooper">Cooper</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wilbur_Mills" title="Wilbur Mills">W. Mills</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Al_Ullman" title="Al Ullman">Ullman</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dan_Rostenkowski" title="Dan Rostenkowski">Rostenkowski</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sam_Gibbons" title="Sam Gibbons">Gibbons</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bill_Archer" title="Bill Archer">Archer</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bill_Thomas" title="Bill Thomas">Thomas</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Charles_Rangel" title="Charles Rangel">Rangel</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sander_Levin" title="Sander Levin">Levin</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dave_Camp" title="Dave Camp">Camp</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Paul_Ryan" title="Paul Ryan">Ryan</a></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sam_Johnson" title="Sam Johnson">Johnson</a></i></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kevin_Brady" title="Kevin Brady">Brady</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Neal</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jason_Smith_(American_politician)" title="Jason Smith (American politician)">J. Smith</a></li></ul>
</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of the United States House of Representatives"><img alt="Seal of the United States House of Representatives" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/75px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/113px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><i>Italics</i> indicates acting chairman</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chairs_and_ranking_members_of_United_States_House_committees" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:US_House_chairs" title="Template:US House chairs"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:US_House_chairs" title="Template talk:US House chairs"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_House_chairs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US House chairs"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chairs_and_ranking_members_of_United_States_House_committees" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Chairs and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ranking_member" title="Ranking member">ranking members</a> of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States House</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_United_States_House_of_Representatives_committees" title="List of United States House of Representatives committees">committees</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px;"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="1" style="font-weight:bold;">Chairs (Republican)</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="1" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;">Ranking Members (Democratic)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;;;;width:50%;"><div>
<ul><li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_House_Administration" title="United States House Committee on House Administration">Administration</a></b>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bryan_Steil" title="Bryan Steil">Bryan Steil</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Agriculture" title="United States House Committee on Agriculture">Agriculture</a></b>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Glenn_Thompson_(politician)" title="Glenn Thompson (politician)">Glenn Thompson</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Appropriations" title="United States House Committee on Appropriations">Appropriations</a></b>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tom_Cole" title="Tom Cole">Tom Cole</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Armed_Services" title="United States House Committee on Armed Services">Armed Services</a></b>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mike_Rogers_(Alabama_politician)" title="Mike Rogers (Alabama politician)">Mike Rogers</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_the_Budget" title="United States House Committee on the Budget">Budget</a></b>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jodey_Arrington" title="Jodey Arrington">Jodey Arrington</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Education_and_the_Workforce" title="United States House Committee on Education and the Workforce">Education and the Workforce</a></b>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Virginia_Foxx" title="Virginia Foxx">Virginia Foxx</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Energy_and_Commerce" title="United States House Committee on Energy and Commerce">Energy and Commerce</a></b>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cathy_McMorris_Rodgers" title="Cathy McMorris Rodgers">Cathy McMorris Rodgers</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Ethics" title="United States House Committee on Ethics">Ethics</a></b>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Michael_Guest_(politician)" title="Michael Guest (politician)">Michael Guest</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Financial_Services" title="United States House Committee on Financial Services">Financial Services</a></b>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Patrick_McHenry" title="Patrick McHenry">Patrick McHenry</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Foreign_Affairs" title="United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs">Foreign Affairs</a></b>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Michael_McCaul" title="Michael McCaul">Mike McCaul</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Homeland_Security" title="United States House Committee on Homeland Security">Homeland Security</a></b>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mark_Green_(Tennessee_politician)" title="Mark Green (Tennessee politician)">Mark Green</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tom_Lantos_Human_Rights_Commission" title="Tom Lantos Human Rights Commission">Human Rights (Lantos Commission)</a></b>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chris_Smith_(New_Jersey_politician)" title="Chris Smith (New Jersey politician)">Chris Smith</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_House_Permanent_Select_Committee_on_Intelligence" title="United States House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence">Intelligence (Permanent Select)</a></b>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mike_Turner" title="Mike Turner">Mike Turner</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_the_Judiciary" title="United States House Committee on the Judiciary">Judiciary</a></b>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jim_Jordan" title="Jim Jordan">Jim Jordan</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Natural_Resources" title="United States House Committee on Natural Resources">Natural Resources</a></b>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bruce_Westerman" title="Bruce Westerman">Bruce Westerman</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Oversight_and_Accountability" title="United States House Committee on Oversight and Accountability">Oversight and Accountability</a></b>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/James_Comer_(politician)" title="James Comer (politician)">Jim Comer</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Rules" title="United States House Committee on Rules">Rules</a></b>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Michael_C._Burgess" title="Michael C. Burgess">Michael C. Burgess</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Science,_Space,_and_Technology" title="United States House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology">Science, Space and Technology</a></b>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Frank_Lucas_(Oklahoma_politician)" title="Frank Lucas (Oklahoma politician)">Frank Lucas</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Small_Business" title="United States House Committee on Small Business">Small Business</a></b>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Roger_Williams_(Texas_politician)" title="Roger Williams (Texas politician)">Roger Williams</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_House_Select_Committee_on_Strategic_Competition_between_the_United_States_and_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="United States House Select Committee on Strategic Competition between the United States and the Chinese Communist Party">Strategic Competition between the United States and the Chinese Communist Party (Select)</a></b>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Moolenaar" title="John Moolenaar">John Moolenaar</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Transportation_and_Infrastructure" title="United States House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure">Transportation and Infrastructure</a></b>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sam_Graves" title="Sam Graves">Sam Graves</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Veterans%27_Affairs" title="United States House Committee on Veterans' Affairs">Veterans' Affairs</a></b>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mike_Bost" title="Mike Bost">Mike Bost</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Ways_and_Means" title="United States House Committee on Ways and Means">Ways and Means</a></b>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jason_Smith_(American_politician)" title="Jason Smith (American politician)">Jason Smith</a></li></ul>
</div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;;;;width:50%;"><div>
<ul><li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_House_Administration" title="United States House Committee on House Administration">Administration</a></b>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joseph_Morelle" title="Joseph Morelle">Joseph Morelle</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Agriculture" title="United States House Committee on Agriculture">Agriculture</a></b>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/David_Scott_(Georgia_politician)" title="David Scott (Georgia politician)">David Scott</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Appropriations" title="United States House Committee on Appropriations">Appropriations</a></b>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rosa_DeLauro" title="Rosa DeLauro">Rosa DeLauro</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Armed_Services" title="United States House Committee on Armed Services">Armed Services</a></b>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Adam_Smith_(Washington_politician)" title="Adam Smith (Washington politician)">Adam Smith</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_the_Budget" title="United States House Committee on the Budget">Budget</a></b>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brendan_Boyle" title="Brendan Boyle">Brendan Boyle</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Education_and_the_Workforce" title="United States House Committee on Education and the Workforce">Education and the Workforce</a></b>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bobby_Scott_(politician)" title="Bobby Scott (politician)">Bobby Scott</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Energy_and_Commerce" title="United States House Committee on Energy and Commerce">Energy and Commerce</a></b>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Frank_Pallone" title="Frank Pallone">Frank Pallone</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Ethics" title="United States House Committee on Ethics">Ethics</a></b>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Susan_Wild" title="Susan Wild">Susan Wild</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Financial_Services" title="United States House Committee on Financial Services">Financial Services</a></b>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Maxine_Waters" title="Maxine Waters">Maxine Waters</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Foreign_Affairs" title="United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs">Foreign Affairs</a></b>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gregory_Meeks" title="Gregory Meeks">Gregory Meeks</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Homeland_Security" title="United States House Committee on Homeland Security">Homeland Security</a></b>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bennie_Thompson" title="Bennie Thompson">Bennie Thompson</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tom_Lantos_Human_Rights_Commission" title="Tom Lantos Human Rights Commission">Human Rights (Lantos Commission)</a></b>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jim_McGovern_(American_politician)" title="Jim McGovern (American politician)">Jim McGovern</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_House_Permanent_Select_Committee_on_Intelligence" title="United States House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence">Intelligence (Permanent Select)</a></b>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jim_Himes" title="Jim Himes">Jim Himes</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_the_Judiciary" title="United States House Committee on the Judiciary">Judiciary</a></b>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jerry_Nadler" title="Jerry Nadler">Jerry Nadler</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Natural_Resources" title="United States House Committee on Natural Resources">Natural Resources</a></b>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ra%C3%BAl_Grijalva" title="Raúl Grijalva">Raúl Grijalva</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Oversight_and_Accountability" title="United States House Committee on Oversight and Accountability">Oversight and Accountability</a></b>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jamie_Raskin" title="Jamie Raskin">Jamie Raskin</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Rules" title="United States House Committee on Rules">Rules</a></b>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jim_McGovern_(American_politician)" title="Jim McGovern (American politician)">Jim McGovern</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Science,_Space,_and_Technology" title="United States House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology">Science, Space and Technology</a></b>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Zoe_Lofgren" title="Zoe Lofgren">Zoe Lofgren</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Small_Business" title="United States House Committee on Small Business">Small Business</a></b>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nydia_Vel%C3%A1zquez" title="Nydia Velázquez">Nydia Velázquez</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_House_Select_Committee_on_Strategic_Competition_between_the_United_States_and_the_Chinese_Communist_Party" title="United States House Select Committee on Strategic Competition between the United States and the Chinese Communist Party">Strategic Competition between the United States and the Chinese Communist Party (Select)</a></b>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Raja_Krishnamoorthi" title="Raja Krishnamoorthi">Raja Krishnamoorthi</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Transportation_and_Infrastructure" title="United States House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure">Transportation and Infrastructure</a></b>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rick_Larsen" title="Rick Larsen">Rick Larsen</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Veterans%27_Affairs" title="United States House Committee on Veterans' Affairs">Veterans' Affairs</a></b>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mark_Takano" title="Mark Takano">Mark Takano</a></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Ways_and_Means" title="United States House Committee on Ways and Means">Ways and Means</a></b>: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Richard Neal</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chairs_and_ranking_members_of_United_States_congressional_joint_committees" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:US_Joint_Chairs" title="Template:US Joint Chairs"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:US_Joint_Chairs" title="Template talk:US Joint Chairs"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_Joint_Chairs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US Joint Chairs"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chairs_and_ranking_members_of_United_States_congressional_joint_committees" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Chairs and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ranking_member" title="Ranking member">ranking members</a> of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_United_States_congressional_joint_committees" title="List of United States congressional joint committees">United States congressional joint committees</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px;"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="1" style="font-weight:bold;">Chairs</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="1" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;">Vice chairs</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="1" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;">Ranking members</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="1" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;">Vice ranking members</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;;;;width:25%;"><div>
<ul><li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Congressional-Executive_Commission_on_China" title="Congressional-Executive Commission on China">China (Congressional-Executive Commission)</a></b>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chris_Smith_(New_Jersey_politician)" title="Chris Smith (New Jersey politician)">Chris Smith</a> (R-House)</li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Congressional_Joint_Economic_Committee" title="United States Congressional Joint Economic Committee">Economic</a></b>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Martin_Heinrich" title="Martin Heinrich">Martin Heinrich</a> (D-Senate)</li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Congressional_Joint_Committee_on_the_Library" title="United States Congressional Joint Committee on the Library">Library</a></b>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Amy_Klobuchar" title="Amy Klobuchar">Amy Klobuchar</a> (D-Senate)</li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Congressional_Joint_Committee_on_Printing" title="United States Congressional Joint Committee on Printing">Printing</a></b>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bryan_Steil" title="Bryan Steil">Bryan Steil</a> (R-House)</li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Commission_on_Security_and_Cooperation_in_Europe" title="Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe">Security and Cooperation (Helsinki Commission)</a></b>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joe_Wilson_(American_politician)" title="Joe Wilson (American politician)">Joe Wilson</a> (R-House)</li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Congressional_Joint_Committee_on_Taxation" title="United States Congressional Joint Committee on Taxation">Taxation</a></b>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ron_Wyden" title="Ron Wyden">Ron Wyden</a> (D-Senate)</li></ul>
</div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;;;;width:25%;"><div>
<ul><li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Congressional-Executive_Commission_on_China" title="Congressional-Executive Commission on China">China (Congressional-Executive Commission)</a></b>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jeff_Merkley" title="Jeff Merkley">Jeff Merkley</a> (D-Senate)</li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Congressional_Joint_Economic_Committee" title="United States Congressional Joint Economic Committee">Economic</a></b>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/David_Schweikert" title="David Schweikert">David Schweikert</a> (R-House)</li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Congressional_Joint_Committee_on_the_Library" title="United States Congressional Joint Committee on the Library">Library</a></b>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bryan_Steil" title="Bryan Steil">Bryan Steil</a> (R-House)</li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Congressional_Joint_Committee_on_Printing" title="United States Congressional Joint Committee on Printing">Printing</a></b>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Amy_Klobuchar" title="Amy Klobuchar">Amy Klobuchar</a> (D-Senate)</li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Commission_on_Security_and_Cooperation_in_Europe" title="Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe">Security and Cooperation (Helsinki Commission)</a></b>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ben_Cardin" title="Ben Cardin">Ben Cardin</a> (D-Senate)</li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Congressional_Joint_Committee_on_Taxation" title="United States Congressional Joint Committee on Taxation">Taxation</a></b>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jason_Smith_(American_politician)" title="Jason Smith (American politician)">Jason Smith</a> (R-House)</li></ul>
</div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;;;;width:25%;"><div>
<ul><li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Congressional-Executive_Commission_on_China" title="Congressional-Executive Commission on China">China (Congressional-Executive Commission)</a></b>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marco_Rubio" title="Marco Rubio">Marco Rubio</a> (R-Senate)</li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Congressional_Joint_Economic_Committee" title="United States Congressional Joint Economic Committee">Economic</a></b>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Don_Beyer" title="Don Beyer">Don Beyer</a> (D-House)</li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Congressional_Joint_Committee_on_the_Library" title="United States Congressional Joint Committee on the Library">Library</a></b>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joe_Morelle" class="mw-redirect" title="Joe Morelle">Joe Morelle</a> (D-House)</li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Congressional_Joint_Committee_on_Printing" title="United States Congressional Joint Committee on Printing">Printing</a></b>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Deb_Fischer" title="Deb Fischer">Deb Fischer</a> (R-Senate)</li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Commission_on_Security_and_Cooperation_in_Europe" title="Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe">Security and Cooperation (Helsinki Commission)</a></b>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Roger_Wicker" title="Roger Wicker">Roger Wicker</a> (R-Senate)</li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Congressional_Joint_Committee_on_Taxation" title="United States Congressional Joint Committee on Taxation">Taxation</a></b>: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Richard Neal</a> (D-House)</li></ul>
</div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;;;;width:25%;"><div>
<ul><li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Congressional-Executive_Commission_on_China" title="Congressional-Executive Commission on China">China (Congressional-Executive Commission)</a></b>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jim_McGovern_(American_politician)" title="Jim McGovern (American politician)">Jim McGovern</a> (D-House)</li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Congressional_Joint_Economic_Committee" title="United States Congressional Joint Economic Committee">Economic</a></b>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mike_Lee" title="Mike Lee">Mike Lee</a> (R-Senate)</li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Congressional_Joint_Committee_on_the_Library" title="United States Congressional Joint Committee on the Library">Library</a></b>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Deb_Fischer" title="Deb Fischer">Deb Fischer</a> (R-Senate)</li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Congressional_Joint_Committee_on_Printing" title="United States Congressional Joint Committee on Printing">Printing</a></b>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joe_Morelle" class="mw-redirect" title="Joe Morelle">Joe Morelle</a> (D-House)</li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Commission_on_Security_and_Cooperation_in_Europe" title="Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe">Security and Cooperation (Helsinki Commission)</a></b>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Steve_Cohen_(politician)" title="Steve Cohen (politician)">Steve Cohen</a> (D-House)</li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Congressional_Joint_Committee_on_Taxation" title="United States Congressional Joint Committee on Taxation">Taxation</a></b>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mike_Crapo" title="Mike Crapo">Mike Crapo</a> (R-Senate)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Massachusetts&#039;s_delegation(s)_to_the_101st–present_United_States_Congress_(ordered_by_seniority)" style="display:table;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1063604349"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:USCongRep-start" title="Template:USCongRep-start"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:USCongRep-start" title="Template talk:USCongRep-start"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:USCongRep-start" title="Special:EditPage/Template:USCongRep-start"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Massachusetts&#039;s_delegation(s)_to_the_101st–present_United_States_Congress_(ordered_by_seniority)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>'s delegation(s) to the 101st–present <a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a> <span class="nowrap">(ordered by seniority)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-width:0;"><div style="padding:0">
<table style="width:100%">
<tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left">
<td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/102nd_United_States_Congress" title="102nd United States Congress">102nd</a></b>
</td>
<td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States senators from Massachusetts">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline">
<ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ted_Kennedy" title="Ted Kennedy">T. Kennedy</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">J. Kerry</a> (D)</li></ul>
</div></div>
</td>
<td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States representatives from Massachusetts">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline">
<ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Silvio_O._Conte" title="Silvio O. Conte">S. Conte</a> (R)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joe_Moakley" title="Joe Moakley">J. Moakley</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gerry_Studds" title="Gerry Studds">G. Studds</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joseph_D._Early" title="Joseph D. Early">J. Early</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ed_Markey" title="Ed Markey">E. Markey</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brian_J._Donnelly" title="Brian J. Donnelly">B. Donnelly</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nicholas_Mavroules" title="Nicholas Mavroules">N. Mavroules</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Barney_Frank" title="Barney Frank">B. Frank</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chester_G._Atkins" title="Chester G. Atkins">C. Atkins</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joseph_P._Kennedy_II" title="Joseph P. Kennedy II">J. Kennedy II</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">R. Neal</a> (D)</li></ul>
</div></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left">
<td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/102nd_United_States_Congress" title="102nd United States Congress">102nd</a></b>
</td>
<td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States senators from Massachusetts">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline">
<ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ted_Kennedy" title="Ted Kennedy">T. Kennedy</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">J. Kerry</a> (D)</li></ul>
</div></div>
</td>
<td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States representatives from Massachusetts">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline">
<ul><li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Silvio_O._Conte" title="Silvio O. Conte"><i>S. Conte</i></a> (R)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joe_Moakley" title="Joe Moakley">J. Moakley</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gerry_Studds" title="Gerry Studds">G. Studds</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joseph_D._Early" title="Joseph D. Early">J. Early</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ed_Markey" title="Ed Markey">E. Markey</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brian_J._Donnelly" title="Brian J. Donnelly">B. Donnelly</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nicholas_Mavroules" title="Nicholas Mavroules">N. Mavroules</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Barney_Frank" title="Barney Frank">B. Frank</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chester_G._Atkins" title="Chester G. Atkins">C. Atkins</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joseph_P._Kennedy_II" title="Joseph P. Kennedy II">J. Kennedy II</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">R. Neal</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Olver" title="John Olver"><i>J. Olver</i></a> (D)</li></ul>
</div></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left">
<td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/103rd_United_States_Congress" title="103rd United States Congress">103rd</a></b>
</td>
<td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States senators from Massachusetts">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline">
<ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ted_Kennedy" title="Ted Kennedy">T. Kennedy</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">J. Kerry</a> (D)</li></ul>
</div></div>
</td>
<td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States representatives from Massachusetts">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline">
<ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joe_Moakley" title="Joe Moakley">J. Moakley</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gerry_Studds" title="Gerry Studds">G. Studds</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ed_Markey" title="Ed Markey">E. Markey</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Barney_Frank" title="Barney Frank">B. Frank</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joseph_P._Kennedy_II" title="Joseph P. Kennedy II">J. Kennedy II</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">R. Neal</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Olver" title="John Olver">J. Olver</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Peter_I._Blute" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter I. Blute">P. Blute</a> (R)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marty_Meehan" title="Marty Meehan">M. Meehan</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Peter_G._Torkildsen" title="Peter G. Torkildsen">P. Torkildsen</a> (R)</li></ul>
</div></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left">
<td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/104th_United_States_Congress" title="104th United States Congress">104th</a></b>
</td>
<td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States senators from Massachusetts">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline">
<ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ted_Kennedy" title="Ted Kennedy">T. Kennedy</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">J. Kerry</a> (D)</li></ul>
</div></div>
</td>
<td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States representatives from Massachusetts">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline">
<ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joe_Moakley" title="Joe Moakley">J. Moakley</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gerry_Studds" title="Gerry Studds">G. Studds</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ed_Markey" title="Ed Markey">E. Markey</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Barney_Frank" title="Barney Frank">B. Frank</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joseph_P._Kennedy_II" title="Joseph P. Kennedy II">J. Kennedy II</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">R. Neal</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Olver" title="John Olver">J. Olver</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Peter_I._Blute" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter I. Blute">P. Blute</a> (R)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marty_Meehan" title="Marty Meehan">M. Meehan</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Peter_G._Torkildsen" title="Peter G. Torkildsen">P. Torkildsen</a> (R)</li></ul>
</div></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left">
<td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/105th_United_States_Congress" title="105th United States Congress">105th</a></b>
</td>
<td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States senators from Massachusetts">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline">
<ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ted_Kennedy" title="Ted Kennedy">T. Kennedy</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">J. Kerry</a> (D)</li></ul>
</div></div>
</td>
<td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States representatives from Massachusetts">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline">
<ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joe_Moakley" title="Joe Moakley">J. Moakley</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ed_Markey" title="Ed Markey">E. Markey</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Barney_Frank" title="Barney Frank">B. Frank</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joseph_P._Kennedy_II" title="Joseph P. Kennedy II">J. Kennedy II</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">R. Neal</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Olver" title="John Olver">J. Olver</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marty_Meehan" title="Marty Meehan">M. Meehan</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bill_Delahunt" title="Bill Delahunt">B. Delahunt</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jim_McGovern_(American_politician)" title="Jim McGovern (American politician)">J. McGovern</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_F._Tierney" title="John F. Tierney">J. Tierney</a> (D)</li></ul>
</div></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left">
<td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/106th_United_States_Congress" title="106th United States Congress">106th</a></b>
</td>
<td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States senators from Massachusetts">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline">
<ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ted_Kennedy" title="Ted Kennedy">T. Kennedy</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">J. Kerry</a> (D)</li></ul>
</div></div>
</td>
<td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States representatives from Massachusetts">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline">
<ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joe_Moakley" title="Joe Moakley">J. Moakley</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ed_Markey" title="Ed Markey">E. Markey</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Barney_Frank" title="Barney Frank">B. Frank</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">R. Neal</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Olver" title="John Olver">J. Olver</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marty_Meehan" title="Marty Meehan">M. Meehan</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bill_Delahunt" title="Bill Delahunt">B. Delahunt</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jim_McGovern_(American_politician)" title="Jim McGovern (American politician)">J. McGovern</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_F._Tierney" title="John F. Tierney">J. Tierney</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mike_Capuano" title="Mike Capuano">M. Capuano</a> (D)</li></ul>
</div></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left">
<td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/107th_United_States_Congress" title="107th United States Congress">107th</a></b>
</td>
<td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States senators from Massachusetts">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline">
<ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ted_Kennedy" title="Ted Kennedy">T. Kennedy</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">J. Kerry</a> (D)</li></ul>
</div></div>
</td>
<td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States representatives from Massachusetts">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline">
<ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joe_Moakley" title="Joe Moakley"><i>J. Moakley</i></a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ed_Markey" title="Ed Markey">E. Markey</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Barney_Frank" title="Barney Frank">B. Frank</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">R. Neal</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Olver" title="John Olver">J. Olver</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marty_Meehan" title="Marty Meehan">M. Meehan</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bill_Delahunt" title="Bill Delahunt">B. Delahunt</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jim_McGovern_(American_politician)" title="Jim McGovern (American politician)">J. McGovern</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_F._Tierney" title="John F. Tierney">J. Tierney</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mike_Capuano" title="Mike Capuano">M. Capuano</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stephen_F._Lynch" class="mw-redirect" title="Stephen F. Lynch"><i>S. Lynch</i></a> (D)</li></ul>
</div></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left">
<td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/108th_United_States_Congress" title="108th United States Congress">108th</a></b>
</td>
<td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States senators from Massachusetts">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline">
<ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ted_Kennedy" title="Ted Kennedy">T. Kennedy</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">J. Kerry</a> (D)</li></ul>
</div></div>
</td>
<td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States representatives from Massachusetts">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline">
<ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ed_Markey" title="Ed Markey">E. Markey</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Barney_Frank" title="Barney Frank">B. Frank</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">R. Neal</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Olver" title="John Olver">J. Olver</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marty_Meehan" title="Marty Meehan">M. Meehan</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bill_Delahunt" title="Bill Delahunt">B. Delahunt</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jim_McGovern_(American_politician)" title="Jim McGovern (American politician)">J. McGovern</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_F._Tierney" title="John F. Tierney">J. Tierney</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mike_Capuano" title="Mike Capuano">M. Capuano</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stephen_F._Lynch" class="mw-redirect" title="Stephen F. Lynch">S. Lynch</a> (D)</li></ul>
</div></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left">
<td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/109th_United_States_Congress" title="109th United States Congress">109th</a></b>
</td>
<td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States senators from Massachusetts">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline">
<ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ted_Kennedy" title="Ted Kennedy">T. Kennedy</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">J. Kerry</a> (D)</li></ul>
</div></div>
</td>
<td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States representatives from Massachusetts">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline">
<ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ed_Markey" title="Ed Markey">E. Markey</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Barney_Frank" title="Barney Frank">B. Frank</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">R. Neal</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Olver" title="John Olver">J. Olver</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marty_Meehan" title="Marty Meehan">M. Meehan</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bill_Delahunt" title="Bill Delahunt">B. Delahunt</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jim_McGovern_(American_politician)" title="Jim McGovern (American politician)">J. McGovern</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_F._Tierney" title="John F. Tierney">J. Tierney</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mike_Capuano" title="Mike Capuano">M. Capuano</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stephen_F._Lynch" class="mw-redirect" title="Stephen F. Lynch">S. Lynch</a> (D)</li></ul>
</div></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left">
<td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/110th_United_States_Congress" title="110th United States Congress">110th</a></b>
</td>
<td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States senators from Massachusetts">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline">
<ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ted_Kennedy" title="Ted Kennedy">T. Kennedy</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">J. Kerry</a> (D)</li></ul>
</div></div>
</td>
<td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States representatives from Massachusetts">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline">
<ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ed_Markey" title="Ed Markey">E. Markey</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Barney_Frank" title="Barney Frank">B. Frank</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">R. Neal</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Olver" title="John Olver">J. Olver</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marty_Meehan" title="Marty Meehan"><i>M. Meehan</i></a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bill_Delahunt" title="Bill Delahunt">B. Delahunt</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jim_McGovern_(American_politician)" title="Jim McGovern (American politician)">J. McGovern</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_F._Tierney" title="John F. Tierney">J. Tierney</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mike_Capuano" title="Mike Capuano">M. Capuano</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stephen_F._Lynch" class="mw-redirect" title="Stephen F. Lynch">S. Lynch</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Niki_Tsongas" title="Niki Tsongas"><i>N. Tsongas</i></a> (D)</li></ul>
</div></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left">
<td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/111th_United_States_Congress" title="111th United States Congress">111th</a></b>
</td>
<td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States senators from Massachusetts">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline">
<ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ted_Kennedy" title="Ted Kennedy"><i>T. Kennedy</i></a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">J. Kerry</a> (D)<br /></li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Paul_G._Kirk" title="Paul G. Kirk"><i>P. Kirk</i></a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Scott_Brown_(politician)" title="Scott Brown (politician)"><i>S. Brown</i></a> (R)</li></ul>
</div></div>
</td>
<td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States representatives from Massachusetts">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline">
<ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ed_Markey" title="Ed Markey">E. Markey</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Barney_Frank" title="Barney Frank">B. Frank</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">R. Neal</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Olver" title="John Olver">J. Olver</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bill_Delahunt" title="Bill Delahunt">B. Delahunt</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jim_McGovern_(American_politician)" title="Jim McGovern (American politician)">J. McGovern</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_F._Tierney" title="John F. Tierney">J. Tierney</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mike_Capuano" title="Mike Capuano">M. Capuano</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stephen_F._Lynch" class="mw-redirect" title="Stephen F. Lynch">S. Lynch</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Niki_Tsongas" title="Niki Tsongas">N. Tsongas</a> (D)</li></ul>
</div></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left">
<td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/112th_United_States_Congress" title="112th United States Congress">112th</a></b>
</td>
<td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States senators from Massachusetts">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline">
<ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">J. Kerry</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Scott_Brown_(politician)" title="Scott Brown (politician)">S. Brown</a> (R)</li></ul>
</div></div>
</td>
<td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States representatives from Massachusetts">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline">
<ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ed_Markey" title="Ed Markey">E. Markey</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Barney_Frank" title="Barney Frank">B. Frank</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">R. Neal</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Olver" title="John Olver">J. Olver</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jim_McGovern_(American_politician)" title="Jim McGovern (American politician)">J. McGovern</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_F._Tierney" title="John F. Tierney">J. Tierney</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mike_Capuano" title="Mike Capuano">M. Capuano</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stephen_F._Lynch" class="mw-redirect" title="Stephen F. Lynch">S. Lynch</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Niki_Tsongas" title="Niki Tsongas">N. Tsongas</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bill_Keating_(politician)" title="Bill Keating (politician)">B. Keating</a> (D)</li></ul>
</div></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left">
<td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/113th_United_States_Congress" title="113th United States Congress">113th</a></b>
</td>
<td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States senators from Massachusetts">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline">
<ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry"><i>J. Kerry</i></a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren">E. Warren</a> (D)<br /></li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mo_Cowan" title="Mo Cowan"><i>M. Cowan</i></a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ed_Markey" title="Ed Markey"><i>E. Markey</i></a> (D)</li></ul>
</div></div>
</td>
<td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States representatives from Massachusetts">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline">
<ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ed_Markey" title="Ed Markey"><i>E. Markey</i></a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">R. Neal</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jim_McGovern_(American_politician)" title="Jim McGovern (American politician)">J. McGovern</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_F._Tierney" title="John F. Tierney">J. Tierney</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mike_Capuano" title="Mike Capuano">M. Capuano</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stephen_F._Lynch" class="mw-redirect" title="Stephen F. Lynch">S. Lynch</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Niki_Tsongas" title="Niki Tsongas">N. Tsongas</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bill_Keating_(politician)" title="Bill Keating (politician)">B. Keating</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joe_Kennedy_III" title="Joe Kennedy III">J. Kennedy III</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Katherine_Clark" title="Katherine Clark"><i>K. Clark</i></a> (D)</li></ul>
</div></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left">
<td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/114th_United_States_Congress" title="114th United States Congress">114th</a></b>
</td>
<td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States senators from Massachusetts">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline">
<ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren">E. Warren</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ed_Markey" title="Ed Markey">E. Markey</a> (D)</li></ul>
</div></div>
</td>
<td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States representatives from Massachusetts">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline">
<ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">R. Neal</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jim_McGovern_(American_politician)" title="Jim McGovern (American politician)">J. McGovern</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mike_Capuano" title="Mike Capuano">M. Capuano</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stephen_F._Lynch" class="mw-redirect" title="Stephen F. Lynch">S. Lynch</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Niki_Tsongas" title="Niki Tsongas">N. Tsongas</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bill_Keating_(politician)" title="Bill Keating (politician)">B. Keating</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joe_Kennedy_III" title="Joe Kennedy III">J. Kennedy III</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Katherine_Clark" title="Katherine Clark">K. Clark</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Seth_Moulton" title="Seth Moulton">S. Moulton</a> (D)</li></ul>
</div></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left">
<td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/115th_United_States_Congress" title="115th United States Congress">115th</a></b>
</td>
<td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States senators from Massachusetts">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline">
<ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren">E. Warren</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ed_Markey" title="Ed Markey">E. Markey</a> (D)</li></ul>
</div></div>
</td>
<td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States representatives from Massachusetts">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline">
<ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">R. Neal</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jim_McGovern_(American_politician)" title="Jim McGovern (American politician)">J. McGovern</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mike_Capuano" title="Mike Capuano">M. Capuano</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stephen_F._Lynch" class="mw-redirect" title="Stephen F. Lynch">S. Lynch</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Niki_Tsongas" title="Niki Tsongas">N. Tsongas</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bill_Keating_(politician)" title="Bill Keating (politician)">B. Keating</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joe_Kennedy_III" title="Joe Kennedy III">J. Kennedy III</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Katherine_Clark" title="Katherine Clark">K. Clark</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Seth_Moulton" title="Seth Moulton">S. Moulton</a> (D)</li></ul>
</div></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left">
<td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/116th_United_States_Congress" title="116th United States Congress">116th</a></b>
</td>
<td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States senators from Massachusetts">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline">
<ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren">E. Warren</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ed_Markey" title="Ed Markey">E. Markey</a> (D)</li></ul>
</div></div>
</td>
<td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States representatives from Massachusetts">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline">
<ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">R. Neal</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jim_McGovern_(American_politician)" title="Jim McGovern (American politician)">J. McGovern</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stephen_F._Lynch" class="mw-redirect" title="Stephen F. Lynch">S. Lynch</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bill_Keating_(politician)" title="Bill Keating (politician)">B. Keating</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Joe_Kennedy_III" title="Joe Kennedy III">J. Kennedy III</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Katherine_Clark" title="Katherine Clark">K. Clark</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Seth_Moulton" title="Seth Moulton">S. Moulton</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ayanna_Pressley" title="Ayanna Pressley">A. Pressley</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lori_Trahan" title="Lori Trahan">L. Trahan</a> (D)</li></ul>
</div></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left">
<td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/117th_United_States_Congress" title="117th United States Congress">117th</a></b>
</td>
<td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States senators from Massachusetts">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline">
<ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren">E. Warren</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ed_Markey" title="Ed Markey">E. Markey</a> (D)</li></ul>
</div></div>
</td>
<td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States representatives from Massachusetts">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline">
<ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">R. Neal</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jim_McGovern_(American_politician)" title="Jim McGovern (American politician)">J. McGovern</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stephen_F._Lynch" class="mw-redirect" title="Stephen F. Lynch">S. Lynch</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bill_Keating_(politician)" title="Bill Keating (politician)">B. Keating</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Katherine_Clark" title="Katherine Clark">K. Clark</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Seth_Moulton" title="Seth Moulton">S. Moulton</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ayanna_Pressley" title="Ayanna Pressley">A. Pressley</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lori_Trahan" title="Lori Trahan">L. Trahan</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jake_Auchincloss" title="Jake Auchincloss">J. Auchincloss</a> (D)</li></ul>
</div></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left">
<td style="text-align:right"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/118th_United_States_Congress" title="118th United States Congress">118th</a></b>
</td>
<td style="padding-left:4px; white-space:nowrap"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States senators from Massachusetts">Senate</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline">
<ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren">E. Warren</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ed_Markey" title="Ed Markey">E. Markey</a> (D)</li></ul>
</div></div>
</td>
<td style="padding-left:4px" class="nowraplinks"><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;"><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States representatives from Massachusetts">House</a>:</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline">
<ul><li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">R. Neal</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jim_McGovern_(American_politician)" title="Jim McGovern (American politician)">J. McGovern</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stephen_Lynch_(politician)" title="Stephen Lynch (politician)">S. Lynch</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bill_Keating_(politician)" title="Bill Keating (politician)">B. Keating</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Katherine_Clark" title="Katherine Clark">K. Clark</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Seth_Moulton" title="Seth Moulton">S. Moulton</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ayanna_Pressley" title="Ayanna Pressley">A. Pressley</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lori_Trahan" title="Lori Trahan">L. Trahan</a> (D)</li>
<li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jake_Auchincloss" title="Jake Auchincloss">J. Auchincloss</a> (D)</li></ul>
</div></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1061467846"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1464697#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1464697#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1464697#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000381825436">ISNI</a></span></li>
<li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/220162664213755000787">VIAF</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2012120574">United States</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=N000015">US Congress</a></span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div>' |
