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'{{Infobox ethnic group |group=Scandinavian Mexicans <br><small>''escandinavo-mexicanos''</small> |image= |poptime= |popplace= |langs= predominantly [[Mexican Spanish]] |rels= [[Christianity]] (mainly [[Protestantism]]) |related= other [[Scandinavian diaspora]] }} '''Scandinavian Mexicans''' are citizens of [[Mexico]] of full or partial [[Scandinavia]]n ancestry. The Scandinavian countries ([[Denmark]], [[Norway]] and [[Sweden]])<!-- Iceland and Finland are Nordic, which is not synonymous with Scandinavian. Do not add --> have an intertwined history and shared cultural traits. == History == [[File:Emilio Langberg.png|thumbnail|right|180px| [[Emilio Langberg]], born in [[Copenhagen]], immigrated to Mexico in 1835 and rose through the ranks of the Mexican military, playing a notable role in its 19th century conflicts.]] The first notable Dane and Scandinavian in what would become Mexico was Fray [[Jacob the Dacian|Jacobo Daciano]], a younger brother of [[Christian II of Denmark]], who settled in [[Michoacán]] in the mid-16th century, evangelized the region and became known for his love of the native [[Purépecha people|Tarascans]].<ref name=um.dk>{{cite news|title=Personajes daneses en la historia de México|url=http://mexico.um.dk/es/sobre-dinamarca/personajes-daneses-en-la-historia-de-mexico/|publisher=Danish Embassy in Mexico|accessdate=21 September 2015}}</ref> In 1841 while studying the plants of southern Mexico, Danish scientist [[Frederik Liebmann|Federico Miguel Liebman]] came across a small group of natives in Oaxaca that spoke an archaic form of Danish.<ref name="Eggers">{{cite book|last1=Eggers|first1=Barón Henrik|translator1-last=Højbjerg|translator1-first=Erik|editor1-last=Astié-Burgos|editor1-first=Walter|title=Memorias de México|date=2005|publisher=Miguel Ángel Porrúa|isbn=970-701-577-2|pages=8, 9|edition=First|url=http://biblioteca.diputados.gob.mx/janium/bv/ce/scpd/LIX/mem_mex.pdf|accessdate=16 February 2016|language=Spanish}}</ref> Through interviews with the oldest members of the community, Liebman came to conclude that these individuals were the descendants of Danish pirates that had been abandoned by their crew in the late 16th century and had entered into unions with native women.<ref name="Eggers" /> Swedes have been present in Mexico since at least the 1890s.<ref>{{cite web|title=Suecia y México: forjando una fuerte alianza|url=http://milenio.com/firmas/jose_antonio_meade_kuribrena/Suecia-Mexico-forjando-fuerte-alianza_18_468733137.html|publisher=Milenio|accessdate=21 September 2015}}</ref> The [[National Archival Services of Norway]] has records of individual Norwegians in Mexico in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.<ref>{{cite web|title=Digitalarkivet|url=http://digitalarkivet.arkivverket.no/sok/person?s=Mexico+|publisher=[[Arkivverket]]|accessdate=31 March 2016}}</ref> During his voyage on the Norway-Mexico Gulf Line beginning in 1907, writer [[Peter Lykke-Seest]] spoke positevly of a "colony" of Norwegian businessmen in [[Veracruz City|Veracruz]]; they were well-dressed, educated "gentlemen and ladies" that retained Norwegian customs.<ref name="Neyens">{{cite book|author1-last=Neyens|author1-first=Mieke|editor1-last=Sæther|editor1-first=Steinar A.|title=Expectations Unfulfilled: Norwegian Migrants in Latin America, 1820-1940|date=2015|publisher=Brill Publishers|isbn=9789004307391|pages=113–125|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2uQPCwAAQBAJ&q=Norwegians+in+Latin+America+Mexico&pg=PA124|accessdate=3 August 2016|chapter=The Good, the Bad and the Rationale: Desirable and Undesirable Migration to Cuba and Mexico (1907-1909)}}</ref> This stands in contrast to Lykke-Seest's negative feelings for "naive" farmers in a project founded by [[Otto Sverdrup]] in Cuba.<ref name="Neyens" /> He makes no mention of more humble Norwegians, like sailors, that would have been present in the port city. Lykke-Seest wrote positively of Mexico's resources and the economic stability provided by [[Porfirio Diaz]]'s government and urged Norwegians to venture in the country before they were crowded out.<ref name="Neyens" /> He also mentioned the prospect of establishing modern (rationale) farming colonies- his view on these colonies may have been influenced by the Porfirian government. Correspondences between shipowner Gottfred M. Bryde and officials in Mexico, including [[Michael Strøm Lie]], suggest the Norway-Mexico Gulf Line planned to ship Norwegian farmers. After five years of negotiations, a contract was drawn up by the government and the Norway-Mexico Gulf Line in 1912 for the shipping of "colonists" and wooden houses, but due to the outbreak of the [[Mexican Revolution]], was never signed.<ref name="Neyens" /> As a result of the war, Norwegian presence more than halved between 1910 and 1921. Only three to six hundred Norwegians moved to Mexico before 1940.<ref name="Neyens" /> According to the [[National Institute of Migration]], in 2009 there were 2,633 Sweden-born residents in Mexico.<ref name=INM>{{cite web|title=Extranjeros Residentes En México|url=http://www.inm.gob.mx/estadisticas/Estimacion_de_Poblacion/2009/ExtranjerosResMex.pdf|publisher=[[Instituto Nacional de Migración]]|page=36|accessdate=20 September 2015|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924014742/http://www.inm.gob.mx/estadisticas/Estimacion_de_Poblacion/2009/ExtranjerosResMex.pdf|archivedate=24 September 2015}}</ref> In the same year there were 1,904 Denmark-born residents and 763 Norway-born residents.<ref name=INM /> The majority of these individuals lived in the [[Mexico City Metropolitan Area]]. ==Notable individuals== {{Col-begin|width=}} {{Col-1-of-3}} '''<span style="font-size:120%"> Swedish </span>''' * [[Axel Didriksson]]- writer and professor at [[UNAM]] * [[Rosa Lie Johansson]]- painter * [[Víctor Lojero|Víctor Lojero Alexanderson]]- footballer * [[Anne Marie Thistler]]- former Miss Sweden * [[Yolanda "Tongolele" Montes]]- exotic dancer * [[Aline Pettersson ]]- writer * [[Julieta Rosen]]- actress * [[Nena von Schlebrügge]]- model * [[Waldemar Sjölander]]- artist * [[Christopher von Uckermann]]- singer {{Col-2-of-3}} '''<span style="font-size:120%"> Danish </span>''' * [[Frans Blom]]- archeologist * [[Sairi Forsman]]- sculptor * [[Rosario María Gutiérrez Eskildsen]]- lexicographer, linguist, educator * [[Ann Margarit Henningsen]]- sprint canoer * [[Cynthia Klitbo]]- actress * [[Edvard Emile Langberg]] - general * [[Miguel Ostersen]]- footballer * [[Greer Skousen]]- basketball player {{Col-3-of-3}} '''<span style="font-size:120%"> Norwegian </span>''' * [[Ola Apenes]]- archeologist * [[Eva Norvind]]- writer and actress * [[Nailea Norvind]]- actress * [[Mario Schjetnan]]- architect {{col-end}} ==See also== * [[Immigration to Mexico]] * [[Denmark–Mexico relations]] * [[Mexico–Norway relations]] * [[Mexico–Sweden relations]] ==References== {{reflist}} {{Ethnic groups in Mexico}} {{Danish diaspora}} {{Norwegian diaspora}} {{Swedish diaspora}} [[Category:European diaspora in Mexico]] [[Category:Mexican people of Scandinavian descent|*]] [[Category:Mexican people of Danish descent|*]] [[Category:Mexican people of Norwegian descent|*]] [[Category:Mexican people of Swedish descent|*]]'