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''''Retail design''' is a creative and [[Commerce|commercial]] discipline that combines several different areas of expertise together in the [[design]] and construction of [[retail]] space. Retail design is primarily a specialized practice of [[architecture]] and [[interior design]], however it also incorporates elements of [[interior decoration]], [[graphic design]], [[ergonomics]], [[visual merchandising]] and [[advertising]].<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=7BAPAAAACAAJ&dq=%22Retail+design%22&hl=en&ei=MneRTJBRwrvyBpu2vd8F&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDMQ6AEwAA "Retail design"] by Otto Riewoldt, te Neues, 2000</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=6v83ALvUN6kC&pg=PA57&dq=%22Retail+design%22&hl=en&ei=hXyRTPLKBMOB8gbx8q28Bg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=8&ved=0CFMQ6AEwBzge#v=onepage&q=%22Retail%20design%22&f=false "Becoming an Architect: A Guide to Careers in Design"] by Lee W. Waldrep, John Wiley and Sons, 2009</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=EmuhXQFRNaAC&pg=PA88&dq=%22Retail+design%22&hl=en&ei=A32RTM6IHIL-8Abi9fy9Bg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CEcQ6AEwBTgo#v=onepage&q=%22Retail%20design%22&f=false "Retail design firms"], ''Opportunities in commercial art and graphic design careers, Volume 2003'' by Barbara Gordon, McGraw-Hill Professional, 2004, Pg. 88</ref> Services offered by a retail design firm can include but are not limited to [[branding]], [http://www.faithbartrugdesign.com/case-studies/retail/ visual positioning], [[visual merchandising]], imaging, naming, logo and signage design, visual planning, interior and exterior design, fixture design, capacity and assortment analysis, design development, and uniform design. On a single retail design project there is usually a designated team that includes a creative director, 2-3 environment and graphic designers, and a project manager. While this is a typical team, there are always exceptions, as each client and project requires their own “set of rules”. This number can grow if the firm includes in-house architecture or other related services. If not, the firm works in collaboration with other sources such as brand strategists and architecture firms and thus focuses it’s services on the front end of design. Retail design is a collaboration and most firms work together with the client’s marketing, operations, and construction management teams to ensure that all needs are being met in each group.<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=EmuhXQFRNaAC&pg=PA88&dq=%22Retail+design%22&hl=en&ei=A32RTM6IHIL-8Abi9fy9Bg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CEcQ6AEwBTgo#v=onepage&q=%22Retail%20design%22&f=false "Retail design firms"], ''Opportunities in commercial art and graphic design careers, Volume 2003'' by Barbara Gordon, McGraw-Hill Professional, 2004, Pg. 88</ref> Retail design is a very specialized discipline due to the heavy demands placed on retail space. Because the primary purpose of retail space is to stock and sell product to consumers, the spaces must be designed in a way that promotes an enjoyable and hassle-free shopping experience for the consumer. The space must be specially-tailored to the kind of product being sold in that space; for example, a [[bookstore]] requires many large shelving units to accommodate small products that can be arranged categorically while a clothing store requires more open space to fully display product.<ref name="Luxury">[http://books.google.com/books?id=a_6CublRtYwC&pg=PA78&dq=%22Retail+design%22&hl=en&ei=1neRTLXQJoL68AaJ36XMBg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CEoQ6AEwBTgK#v=onepage&q=%22Retail%20design%22&f=false "Luxury retail design and atmosphere"], ''Luxury fashion branding: trends, tactics, techniques'' by Uché Okonkwo, Palgrave Macmillan, 2007, Pg. 78</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=NfglUyGCCF4C&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22Retail+design%22&hl=en&ei=1neRTLXQJoL68AaJ36XMBg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CGAQ6AEwCTgK#v=onepage&q=%22Retail%20design%22&f=false "Building type basics for retail and mixed-use facilities"] by Stephen A. Kliment, Jerde Partnership International, and Vilma Barr, John Wiley and Sons, 2004</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=quaWYZR3GbAC&pg=PA157&dq=%22Retail+design%22&hl=en&ei=an2RTIuNKoL68AbT6MHfBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CEEQ6AEwBTgy#v=onepage&q=%22Retail%20design%22&f=false "Retail Design Identity"], ''Possessed: The Rise and Fall of Prince'' by Alex Hahn, Billboard Books, 2004, Pg. 157</ref> Retail spaces, especially when they form part of a [[retail chain]], must also be designed to draw people into the space to shop. The storefront must act as a [[billboard (advertising)|billboard]] for the store, often employing large [[display windows]] that allow shoppers to see into the space and the product inside. In the case of a retail chain, the individual spaces must be unified in their design.<ref name="Luxury"></ref><ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=R8N6qJeo1DAC&pg=PT1&dq=%22Retail+design%22&hl=en&ei=pHuRTKiHF8K78ga1v5i-BQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CC8Q6AEwATgU#v=onepage&q=%22Retail%20design%22&f=false "Boutiques and other retail spaces: the architecture of seduction"] by Leontine de Wit, Taylor & Francis US, 2007</ref> ==History== Retail design first began to grow in the middle of the 19th century, with stores such as [[Bon Marche]] and [[Printemps]] in [[Paris]], "followed by Marshall Fields in Chicago, Selfridges in London and Macy's in New York." These early retail design stores were swiftly continued with a new innovation called the [[chain store]]. The first chain store was opened in the early 20th century by [[Frank Winfield Woolworth]], which quickly became a franchise across the US. Other chain stores began growing in places like the UK a decade or so later, with stores like [[Boots]]. After [[WWII]], an new type of retail design building known as the [[shopping centre]] came into being. This type of building took two different paths in comparison between the US and Europe. Shopping centres began being built out of town within the United States in order to benefit the [[suburban]] family, while Europe began putting shopping centres in the middle of town. The first shopping centre in the [[Netherlands]] was built in the 1950's, as retail design ideas began spreading east.<ref name="Key">[http://books.google.com/books?id=GPROj1JJIO4C&pg=PA196&dq=%22Retail+design%22&hl=en&ei=1neRTLXQJoL68AaJ36XMBg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDEQ6AEwADgK#v=onepage&q=%22Retail%20design%22&f=false "Retail Design"], ''Design: the key concepts'' by Catherine McDermott, Psychology Press, 2007, Pg. 195</ref> The next evolution of retail design was the creation of the [[boutique]] in the 1960's, which emphasized retail design run by individuals. Some of the earliest examples of boutiques are the [[Biba]] boutique created by [[Barbara Hulanicki]] and the [[Habitat (retailer)|Habitat]] line of stores made by [[Terence Conran]]. The rise of the boutique was followed, in the next two decades, with an overall increase in consumer spending across the [[Developed country|developed world]]. This rise made retail design shift to compensate for increased customers and alternative focuses. Many retail design stores redesigned themselves over the period to keep up with changing consumer tastes. These changes resulted on one side with the creation of multiple "expensive, one-off designer shops" catering to specific [[Fashion design|fashion designers]] and retailers.<ref name="Key"></ref> The rise of the [[internet]] and [[Online shopping|internet retailing]] in the latter part of the 20th century and into the 21st century saw another change in retail design to compensate. Many different sectors not related to the internet reached out to retail design and its practices in order to lure online shoppers back to physical shops, where retail design can be properly utilized.<ref name="Key"></ref> However, retailers are now creatively incorporating the cyber age with their retail design strategies through available technology from social networking apps to [http://coffeeandtrace.blogspot.com/2010/10/irdc-recap-technology.html QR codes]. Atlelier Lole in Montreal is on the cutting edge of this trend by using facebook as an element of the planned retail space.<ref>http://coffeeandtrace.blogspot.com/search/label/Retail%20Design</ref> ==See also== *[[Architecture]] *[[Brand]] *[[Branded environments]] *[[Brand implementation]] *[[Customer engagement]] *[[Display case]] *[[Display window]] *[[Ergonomics]] *[[Interior design]] *[[Marketing]] *[[Merchandising]] *[[Planogram]] *[[Retail chain]] *[[Retailing]] *[[Visual merchandising]] == References == {{reflist}} == Further reading == * {{Cite book|title=Fitch on retail design|author=Rodney Fitch and Lance Knobel|publisher=Phaidon|date=1990|isbn10=071482562X|isbn=9780714825625}} * {{Cite book|chapter=Retail Design|title=Design: the key concepts|series=Routledge key guides|author=Catherine McDermott|publisher=Routledge|date=2007|isbn10=041532016X|isbn=9780415320160|pages=195&ndash;197}} * {{Cite book|chapter=Retail store design|author=Stephen Doyle|title=International retail marketing: a case study approach|editor=Margaret Bruce, Christopher Moore, and Grete Birtwistle|publisher=Butterworth-Heinemann|date=2004|isbn10=0750657480|isbn=9780750657488}} * {{Cite book|chapter=Menswear and retailing practices: the case of retail design|title=Hard looks: masculinities, spectatorship and contemporary consumption|author=Sean Nixon|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|date=1996|isbn10=0312163339|isbn=9780312163334}} ==External links== * [http://www.retailfix.com/index.cfm Association for Retail Environments] * [http://www.retaildesigninstitute.org Retail Design Institute] * [http://www.kesslers.com Kesslers International] {{DEFAULTSORT:Retail Design}} [[Category:Branding]] [[Category:Business]] [[Category:Consumer behaviour]] [[Category:Retailing]] [[Category:Design history]] [[Category:Interior design]] [[nl:Retail design]] [[ru:Ритейл-дизайн]]'