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Old page wikitext, before the edit (old_wikitext) | '{{Short description|Pigmented area on the breast around the nipple}}
{{for multi|the other anatomic sense|Loose connective tissue|other uses}}
{{Distinguish|Aureola|Ariola}}
{{More medical citations needed|date=September 2017}}
{{Infobox anatomy
| Name = Areola
| Latin = areola mammae
| Image = Dark Areola Close Up.jpg
|
|Image2 = Breast anatomy normal scheme.png
| Caption2 = '''Breast schematic diagram'''<br />(adult female human cross section)<br />Legend: 1. [[Thoracic wall]] 2. [[Pectoral muscles|Pectoralis muscles]]<br />3. [[Lobe (anatomy)|Lobules]] 4. [[Nipple]] 5. Areola 6. [[Duct (anatomy)|Duct]]<br />7. [[Adipose tissue|Fatty tissue]] 8. [[Human skin|Skin]]
}}
[[File:Male Areola.jpg|thumb|right| 150px |A male areola]]
The human '''areola''' (''areola mammae'', {{IPAc-en|ə|ˈ|r|iː|ə|l|ə}}<ref>''[[Oxford English Dictionary|OED]]'' 2nd edition, 1989.</ref><ref name="merriam-webster">{{cite Merriam-Webster|areola}}</ref> or {{IPAc-en|ˌ|ær|i|ˈ|oʊ|l|ə}}<ref name="merriam-webster" /><ref>The plural of ''areola'' is ''areolas'' or ''areolae'' ({{IPAc-en|ə|ˈ|r|iː|ə|ˌ|l|i|}} or {{IPAc-en|ˌ|ær|i|ˈ|oʊ|ˌ|l|i|,_|ˌ|ɛr|-}}). ''Areola'' is the diminutive of Latin ''area'', meaning "open place".</ref>) is the [[pigment]]ed area on the [[breast]] around the [[nipple]]. Areola, more generally, is a small circular area on the [[Human body|body]] with a different [[histology]] from the surrounding [[Tissue (biology)|tissue]], or other small circular areas such as an inflamed region of skin.
The mature human female nipple has several small openings arranged radially around the tip of the [[lactiferous duct]]s from which milk is released during [[lactation]]. Other small openings in the areola are [[sebaceous gland]]s, also known as [[Areolar gland|areolar glands]].<ref>{{cite journal |title=The Secretion of Areolar (Montgomery's) Glands from Lactating Women Elicits Selective, Unconditional Responses in Neonates |journal=[[PLOS One]] |date=2009 |vauthors=Doucet S, Soussignan R, Sagot P, Schaal B |volume=4 |number=10 |page=e7579 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0007579 |pmid=19851461 |pmc=2761488 |bibcode=2009PLoSO...4.7579D |doi-access=free}}</ref>
==Shade==
The areolae can range from pink to red to brown to dark brown or nearly black, but generally tend to be paler among people with lighter skin tones and darker among people with darker skin tones. A reason for the differing color may be to make the nipple area more visible to the infant.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fletcher |first=Jenna |date=3 April 2018 |title=Dark nipples: 7 causes and when to see a doctor |url=https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/321383.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190210152635/https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/321383.php |archive-date=2019-02-10 |access-date=2019-02-10 |website=Medical News Today |language=en}}</ref>
==Size and shape==
[[File:Female areola with measuring tape.jpg|thumb|Female areola measuring 83 mm (3.25 in).]]
[[File:Hairynipples.jpg|thumb|A young woman with large and hairy areolae.]]
The size and shape of areolae and [[nipple]]s are also highly variable, with those of women usually being larger than those of men and [[Preadolescence|prepubescent]] girls. Human areolae are mostly circular in shape, but many women have large areolae that are noticeably [[Ellipse|elliptical]].
The average [[diameter]] of male areolae is around {{convert|28.0|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}. Sexually mature women have an average of {{convert|38.1|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}, but sizes can exceed {{convert|100|mm|in|0|abbr=on}}.<ref name="Hussain 2003 356–358">{{cite journal |first1=M. |last1=Hussain |first2=L. |last2=Rynn |first3=C. |last3=Riordan |first4=P. J. |last4=Regan |title=Nipple-areola reconstruction: outcome assessment |journal=European Journal of Plastic Surgery |volume=26 |issue=7 |year=2003 |pages=356–358 |doi=10.1007/s00238-003-0566-x |s2cid=40150919 }}</ref> Lactating women, and women with particularly large breasts, may have even larger areolae. A function of the specialized dermis of the areola is to protect the regular breast skin from wear, [[cracked nipple|cracking]], and irritation. Infants sometimes create trauma to the nipple and areolae by [[latch (breastfeeding)|latching-on]].<ref name="Sant2016">{{cite journal|last1=Santos|first1=Kamila Juliana da Silva|last2=Santana|first2=Géssica Silva|last3=Vieira|first3=Tatiana de Oliveira|last4=Santos|first4=Carlos Antônio de Souza Teles|last5=Giugliani|first5=Elsa Regina Justo|last6=Vieira|first6=Graciete Oliveira|title=Prevalence and factors associated with cracked nipples in the first month postpartum|journal=BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth|volume=16|issue=1|year=2016|page=209|issn=1471-2393|doi=10.1186/s12884-016-0999-4|pmc=4975913|pmid=27496088 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
Rated according to the [[Tanner scale]] of female physical development, the areolae enlarge during stage 3, but they show no separation of contour. During stage 4, the areolae and [[nipple|papillae]] rise above breast level and form secondary mounds. By stage 5, the breasts have fully developed. As this has resulted in recession of the areolae, the papillae may reach a little above the breasts' contour.<ref name="J. Zitelli">{{Cite book|last1 =J. Zitelli|first1 =Basil|last2=McIntire|first2=Sara C|last3=J Nowalk|first3=Andrew|title=Zitelli and Davis' Atlas of Pediatric Physical Diagnosis E-Book|date=2017|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-0323511858|page=345|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2SrZDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA345}}</ref>
==Mechanoreceptors==
[[Breastfeeding]] by the baby stimulates slowly and rapidly adapting [[mechanoreceptor]]s that are densely packed around the areolar region.
==Diseases==
[[Paget's disease of the breast]] is a malignant condition that outwardly may have the appearance of [[eczema]], with skin changes involving the areola and nipple.
==See also==
*[[List of specialized glands within the human integumentary system]]
==References==
{{Commons category|Areola}}
{{Wiktionary}}
{{Reflist}}
{{Breast anatomy|state=collapsed}}
{{Breastfeeding}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Breast anatomy]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext) | '{{Short description|Pigmented area on the breast around the nipple}}
{{for multi|the other anatomic sense|Loose connective tissue|other uses}}
{{Distinguish|Aureola|Ariola}}
{{More medical citations needed|date=September 2017}}
{{Infobox anatomy
| Name = Areola
| Latin = areola mammae
| Image = Dark Areola Close Up.jpg
|
|Image2 = Breast anatomy normal scheme.png
| Caption2 = '''Breast schematic diagram'''<br />(adult female human cross section)<br />Legend: 1. [[Thoracic wall]] 2. [[Pectoral muscles|Pectoralis muscles]]<br />3. [[Lobe (anatomy)|Lobules]] 4. [[Nipple]] 5. Areola 6. [[Duct (anatomy)|Duct]]<br />7. [[Adipose tissue|Fatty tissue]] 8. [[Human skin|Skin]]
}}
[[File:Male Areola.jpg|thumb|right| 150px |A male areola]]
The human '''areola''' (''areola mammae'', {{IPAc-en|ə|ˈ|r|iː|ə|l|ə}}<ref>''[[Oxford English Dictionary|OED]]'' 2nd edition, 1989.</ref><ref name="merriam-webster">{{cite Merriam-Webster|areola}}</ref> or {{IPAc-en|ˌ|ær|i|ˈ|oʊ|l|ə}}<ref name="merriam-webster" /><ref>The plural of ''areola'' is ''areolas'' or ''areolae'' ({{IPAc-en|ə|ˈ|r|iː|ə|ˌ|l|i|}} or {{IPAc-en|ˌ|ær|i|ˈ|oʊ|ˌ|l|i|,_|ˌ|ɛr|-}}). ''Areola'' is the diminutive of Latin ''area'', meaning "open place".</ref>) is the [[pigment]]ed area on the [[breast]] around the [[nipple]]. Areola, more generally, is a small circular area on the [[Human body|body]] with a different [[histology]] from the surrounding [[Tissue (biology)|tissue]], or other small circular areas such as an inflamed region of skin.
The mature human female nipple has several small openings arranged radially around the tip of the [[lactiferous duct]]s from which milk is released during [[lactation]]. Other small openings in the areola are [[sebaceous gland]]s, also known as [[Areolar gland|areolar glands]].<ref>{{cite journal |title=The Secretion of Areolar (Montgomery's) Glands from Lactating Women Elicits Selective, Unconditional Responses in Neonates |journal=[[PLOS One]] |date=2009 |vauthors=Doucet S, Soussignan R, Sagot P, Schaal B |volume=4 |number=10 |page=e7579 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0007579 |pmid=19851461 |pmc=2761488 |bibcode=2009PLoSO...4.7579D |doi-access=free}}</ref>
==Shade==
The areolae can range from pink to red to brown to dark brown or nearly black, but generally tend to be paler among people with lighter skin tones and darker among people with darker skin tones. A reason for the differing color may be to make the nipple area more visible to the infant.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fletcher |first=Jenna |date=3 April 2018 |title=Dark nipples: 7 causes and when to see a doctor |url=https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/321383.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190210152635/https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/321383.php |archive-date=2019-02-10 |access-date=2019-02-10 |website=Medical News Today |language=en}}</ref>' |
Unified diff of changes made by edit (edit_diff) | '@@ -19,31 +19,2 @@
==Shade==
The areolae can range from pink to red to brown to dark brown or nearly black, but generally tend to be paler among people with lighter skin tones and darker among people with darker skin tones. A reason for the differing color may be to make the nipple area more visible to the infant.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fletcher |first=Jenna |date=3 April 2018 |title=Dark nipples: 7 causes and when to see a doctor |url=https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/321383.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190210152635/https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/321383.php |archive-date=2019-02-10 |access-date=2019-02-10 |website=Medical News Today |language=en}}</ref>
-
-==Size and shape==
-[[File:Female areola with measuring tape.jpg|thumb|Female areola measuring 83 mm (3.25 in).]]
-[[File:Hairynipples.jpg|thumb|A young woman with large and hairy areolae.]]
-The size and shape of areolae and [[nipple]]s are also highly variable, with those of women usually being larger than those of men and [[Preadolescence|prepubescent]] girls. Human areolae are mostly circular in shape, but many women have large areolae that are noticeably [[Ellipse|elliptical]].
-
-The average [[diameter]] of male areolae is around {{convert|28.0|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}. Sexually mature women have an average of {{convert|38.1|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}, but sizes can exceed {{convert|100|mm|in|0|abbr=on}}.<ref name="Hussain 2003 356–358">{{cite journal |first1=M. |last1=Hussain |first2=L. |last2=Rynn |first3=C. |last3=Riordan |first4=P. J. |last4=Regan |title=Nipple-areola reconstruction: outcome assessment |journal=European Journal of Plastic Surgery |volume=26 |issue=7 |year=2003 |pages=356–358 |doi=10.1007/s00238-003-0566-x |s2cid=40150919 }}</ref> Lactating women, and women with particularly large breasts, may have even larger areolae. A function of the specialized dermis of the areola is to protect the regular breast skin from wear, [[cracked nipple|cracking]], and irritation. Infants sometimes create trauma to the nipple and areolae by [[latch (breastfeeding)|latching-on]].<ref name="Sant2016">{{cite journal|last1=Santos|first1=Kamila Juliana da Silva|last2=Santana|first2=Géssica Silva|last3=Vieira|first3=Tatiana de Oliveira|last4=Santos|first4=Carlos Antônio de Souza Teles|last5=Giugliani|first5=Elsa Regina Justo|last6=Vieira|first6=Graciete Oliveira|title=Prevalence and factors associated with cracked nipples in the first month postpartum|journal=BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth|volume=16|issue=1|year=2016|page=209|issn=1471-2393|doi=10.1186/s12884-016-0999-4|pmc=4975913|pmid=27496088 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
-
-Rated according to the [[Tanner scale]] of female physical development, the areolae enlarge during stage 3, but they show no separation of contour. During stage 4, the areolae and [[nipple|papillae]] rise above breast level and form secondary mounds. By stage 5, the breasts have fully developed. As this has resulted in recession of the areolae, the papillae may reach a little above the breasts' contour.<ref name="J. Zitelli">{{Cite book|last1 =J. Zitelli|first1 =Basil|last2=McIntire|first2=Sara C|last3=J Nowalk|first3=Andrew|title=Zitelli and Davis' Atlas of Pediatric Physical Diagnosis E-Book|date=2017|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-0323511858|page=345|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2SrZDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA345}}</ref>
-
-==Mechanoreceptors==
-[[Breastfeeding]] by the baby stimulates slowly and rapidly adapting [[mechanoreceptor]]s that are densely packed around the areolar region.
-
-==Diseases==
-[[Paget's disease of the breast]] is a malignant condition that outwardly may have the appearance of [[eczema]], with skin changes involving the areola and nipple.
-
-==See also==
-*[[List of specialized glands within the human integumentary system]]
-
-==References==
-{{Commons category|Areola}}
-{{Wiktionary}}
-{{Reflist}}
-
-{{Breast anatomy|state=collapsed}}
-{{Breastfeeding}}
-{{Authority control}}
-
-[[Category:Breast anatomy]]
' |
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8 => 'Rated according to the [[Tanner scale]] of female physical development, the areolae enlarge during stage 3, but they show no separation of contour. During stage 4, the areolae and [[nipple|papillae]] rise above breast level and form secondary mounds. By stage 5, the breasts have fully developed. As this has resulted in recession of the areolae, the papillae may reach a little above the breasts' contour.<ref name="J. Zitelli">{{Cite book|last1 =J. Zitelli|first1 =Basil|last2=McIntire|first2=Sara C|last3=J Nowalk|first3=Andrew|title=Zitelli and Davis' Atlas of Pediatric Physical Diagnosis E-Book|date=2017|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-0323511858|page=345|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2SrZDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA345}}</ref>',
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Parsed HTML source of the new revision (new_html) | '<div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Pigmented area on the breast around the nipple</div>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1033289096">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the other anatomic sense, see <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Loose_connective_tissue" title="Loose connective tissue">Loose connective tissue</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Areola_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Areola (disambiguation)">Areola (disambiguation)</a>.</div>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033289096"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aureola" title="Aureola">Aureola</a> or <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ariola" title="Ariola">Ariola</a>.</div>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1097763485">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}</style><table class="box-Medical_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs more <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sources_(medicine)" title="Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources (medicine)">reliable medical references</a> for <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a> or relies too heavily on <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Primary_sources" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Primary sources">primary sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please review the contents of the article and <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Areola&action=edit">add the appropriate references</a> if you can. Unsourced or poorly sourced material may be challenged and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>. <small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Areola%22">"Areola"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Areola%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Areola%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Areola%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Areola%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Areola%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2017</span>)</i></span></div></td><td class="mbox-imageright"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Star_of_life.svg/52px-Star_of_life.svg.png" decoding="async" width="52" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Star_of_life.svg/77px-Star_of_life.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Star_of_life.svg/103px-Star_of_life.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="198" data-file-height="192" /></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1218072481">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:dimgray; color: white">Areola</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Dark_Areola_Close_Up.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Dark_Areola_Close_Up.jpg/250px-Dark_Areola_Close_Up.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="282" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Dark_Areola_Close_Up.jpg/375px-Dark_Areola_Close_Up.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Dark_Areola_Close_Up.jpg/500px-Dark_Areola_Close_Up.jpg 2x" data-file-width="737" data-file-height="831" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Breast_anatomy_normal_scheme.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Breast_anatomy_normal_scheme.png/250px-Breast_anatomy_normal_scheme.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="289" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Breast_anatomy_normal_scheme.png/375px-Breast_anatomy_normal_scheme.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Breast_anatomy_normal_scheme.png/500px-Breast_anatomy_normal_scheme.png 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="2368" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><b>Breast schematic diagram</b><br />(adult female human cross section)<br />Legend: 1. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Thoracic_wall" title="Thoracic wall">Thoracic wall</a> 2. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pectoral_muscles" title="Pectoral muscles">Pectoralis muscles</a><br />3. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lobe_(anatomy)" title="Lobe (anatomy)">Lobules</a> 4. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nipple" title="Nipple">Nipple</a> 5. Areola 6. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Duct_(anatomy)" title="Duct (anatomy)">Duct</a><br />7. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Adipose_tissue" title="Adipose tissue">Fatty tissue</a> 8. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Human_skin" title="Human skin">Skin</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Details</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>areola mammae</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D009558">D009558</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA98</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ifaa.unifr.ch/Public/EntryPage/TA98%20Tree/Entity%20TA98%20EN/16.0.02.012%20Entity%20TA98%20EN.htm">A16.0.02.012</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA2</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ta2viewer.openanatomy.org/?id=7106">7106</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Foundational_Model_of_Anatomy" title="Foundational Model of Anatomy">FMA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/FMA/?p=classes&conceptid=http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.org%2Fsig%2Font%2Ffma%2Ffma67796">67796</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Anatomical_terminology" title="Anatomical terminology">Anatomical terminology</a><div style="text-align: right;"><small class="noprint">[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q843533" class="extiw" title="d:Q843533">edit on Wikidata</a>]</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table>
<figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Male_Areola.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Male_Areola.jpg/150px-Male_Areola.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Male_Areola.jpg/225px-Male_Areola.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Male_Areola.jpg/300px-Male_Areola.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3120" data-file-height="4160" /></a><figcaption>A male areola</figcaption></figure>
<p>The human <b>areola</b> (<i>areola mammae</i>, <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-merriam-webster_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-merriam-webster-2">[2]</a></sup> or <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="/ær/: 'arr' in 'marry'">ær</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-merriam-webster_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-merriam-webster-2">[2]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></sup>) is the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pigment" title="Pigment">pigmented</a> area on the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Breast" title="Breast">breast</a> around the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nipple" title="Nipple">nipple</a>. Areola, more generally, is a small circular area on the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Human_body" title="Human body">body</a> with a different <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Histology" title="Histology">histology</a> from the surrounding <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tissue_(biology)" title="Tissue (biology)">tissue</a>, or other small circular areas such as an inflamed region of skin.
</p><p>The mature human female nipple has several small openings arranged radially around the tip of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lactiferous_duct" title="Lactiferous duct">lactiferous ducts</a> from which milk is released during <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lactation" title="Lactation">lactation</a>. Other small openings in the areola are <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sebaceous_gland" title="Sebaceous gland">sebaceous glands</a>, also known as <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Areolar_gland" title="Areolar gland">areolar glands</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Shade">Shade</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Areola&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Shade"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>The areolae can range from pink to red to brown to dark brown or nearly black, but generally tend to be paler among people with lighter skin tones and darker among people with darker skin tones. A reason for the differing color may be to make the nipple area more visible to the infant.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></sup>
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<div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">OED</a></i> 2nd edition, 1989.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-merriam-webster-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-merriam-webster_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-merriam-webster_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1215172403">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#2C882D;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911F}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{color:#f8a397}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{color:#f8a397}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911F}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/areola">"areola"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster.com+Dictionary&rft.atitle=areola&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fareola&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAreola" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The plural of <i>areola</i> is <i>areolas</i> or <i>areolae</i> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span>/</a></span></span> or <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="/ær/: 'arr' in 'marry'">ær</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span>,<span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="/ɛr/: 'err' in 'merry'">ɛr</span></span>-/</a></span></span>). <i>Areola</i> is the diminutive of Latin <i>area</i>, meaning "open place".</span>
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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFDoucetSoussignanSagotSchaal2009" class="citation journal cs1">Doucet S, Soussignan R, Sagot P, Schaal B (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2761488">"The Secretion of Areolar (Montgomery's) Glands from Lactating Women Elicits Selective, Unconditional Responses in Neonates"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/PLOS_One" title="PLOS One">PLOS One</a></i>. <b>4</b> (10): e7579. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009PLoSO...4.7579D">2009PLoSO...4.7579D</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0007579">10.1371/journal.pone.0007579</a></span>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2761488">2761488</a></span>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19851461">19851461</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PLOS+One&rft.atitle=The+Secretion+of+Areolar+%28Montgomery%27s%29+Glands+from+Lactating+Women+Elicits+Selective%2C+Unconditional+Responses+in+Neonates&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=e7579&rft.date=2009&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2761488%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19851461&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0007579&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2009PLoSO...4.7579D&rft.aulast=Doucet&rft.aufirst=S&rft.au=Soussignan%2C+R&rft.au=Sagot%2C+P&rft.au=Schaal%2C+B&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2761488&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAreola" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFFletcher2018" class="citation web cs1">Fletcher, Jenna (3 April 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/321383.php">"Dark nipples: 7 causes and when to see a doctor"</a>. <i>Medical News Today</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190210152635/https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/321383.php">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-02-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-02-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Medical+News+Today&rft.atitle=Dark+nipples%3A+7+causes+and+when+to+see+a+doctor&rft.date=2018-04-03&rft.aulast=Fletcher&rft.aufirst=Jenna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalnewstoday.com%2Farticles%2F321383.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAreola" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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</ol></div></div>' |
Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node) | false |
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp) | '1718199661' |
