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Name of the user account (user_name) | '86.142.148.9' |
Type of the user account (user_type) | 'ip' |
Time email address was confirmed (user_emailconfirm) | null |
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Groups (including implicit) the user is in (user_groups) | [
0 => '*'
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Whether or not a user is editing through the mobile interface (user_mobile) | false |
Global edit count of the user (global_user_editcount) | 0 |
Whether the user is editing from mobile app (user_app) | false |
Page ID (page_id) | 2902981 |
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Page title without namespace (page_title) | 'Windows Aero' |
Full page title (page_prefixedtitle) | 'Windows Aero' |
Edit protection level of the page (page_restrictions_edit) | [] |
Last ten users to contribute to the page (page_recent_contributors) | [
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1 => 'Alexeyevitch',
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Edit summary/reason (summary) | '/* History */ lol' |
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Old content model (old_content_model) | 'wikitext' |
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Old page wikitext, before the edit (old_wikitext) | '{{short description|Design language by Microsoft}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2018}}
'''Windows Aero''' (a [[backronym]] for ''Authentic, Energetic, Reflective, and Open''<ref name="WindowsVistaExperience">{{cite web |url=http://msdn.microsoft.com/windowsvista/experience/ |title=Windows Vista Developer Center — Create the Experience |date=2005 |publisher=[[Microsoft]] |work=[[MSDN]] |quote=What is AERO? AERO stands for Authentic, Energetic, Reflective, and Open and is the user experience guidelines for Windows Vista, governing the look and feel of the operating system. These guidelines express not just the way the pixels are drawn, but how the user interacts with the system and the feelings it should evoke. These guidelines, and the AERO user interface, are the result of years of design and user research by Microsoft. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050729003728/http://msdn.microsoft.com/windowsvista/experience/ |archive-date=July 29, 2005 |access-date=December 25, 2023}}</ref><ref name="WindowsVistaSounds">{{cite web |url=http://windowsvistablog.com/blogs/windowsvista/archive/2006/11/09/the-sounds-of-windows-vista.aspx |title=The Sounds of Windows Vista |last=Allchin |first=Jim |author-link=James Allchin |date=November 9, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061110152317/http://windowsvistablog.com/blogs/windowsvista/archive/2006/11/09/the-sounds-of-windows-vista.aspx |archive-date=November 10, 2006 |publisher=[[Microsoft]] |work=Windows Vista Team Blog |access-date=April 25, 2015}}</ref>) is the [[design language]] introduced in the [[Microsoft]] [[Windows Vista]] [[operating system]]. The changes introduced by Windows Aero encompassed many elements of the Windows interface, with the introduction of a new visual style with an emphasis on animation, glass, and translucency; interface guidelines for phrasing and tone of instructions and other text in applications were available. New cursors and sounds based on Windows Aero design principles were also introduced.
Windows Aero was used as the design language of [[Windows Vista]] and [[Windows 7]]. The [[flat design]]-based [[Metro design language]] was introduced on [[Windows 8]], although aspects of the design and features promoted as part of Aero on Windows Vista and 7 have been retained in later versions of Windows (barring design changes to comply with Metro, MDL2, or [[Fluent Design System|Fluent]]).
[[File:Aero Example.png|250px|thumb|A distinctive feature of Windows Aero showing "glass-like" window borders on [[Windows 7]]|alt=]]
== Features ==
For the first time since the release of [[Windows 95]], Microsoft completely revised its user interface guidelines, covering [[aesthetics]], common controls such as buttons and [[radio button]]s, task dialogs, [[Wizard (software)|wizards]], common dialogs, control panels, icons, fonts, user notifications, and the "tone" of text used.<ref name="uxguide">{{cite web | url=http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa511301.aspx | title=What's New in Windows Vista | publisher=[[Microsoft]] | work=Windows Vista User Experience Guidelines | access-date=June 12, 2013 | archive-date=March 16, 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160316084703/https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa511301.aspx | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name='WindowsVistaSounds'/>
=== Windows Aero theme ===
[[File:ThumbnailWin7.png|thumb|Live thumbnails showing the [[Internet Explorer]] tabs on the taskbar
]]
On Windows Vista and Windows 7 computers that meet certain hardware and software requirements, the Windows Aero theme is used by default, primarily incorporating various animation and transparency effects into the desktop using [[hardware acceleration]] and the [[Desktop Window Manager]] (DWM). In the "Personalize" section added to [[Control Panel (Windows)|Control Panel]] of Windows Vista, users can customize the "glass" effects to either be opaque or transparent, and change the color it is tinted. Enabling Windows Aero also enables other new features, including an enhanced [[Alt-Tab]] menu and taskbar thumbnails with live previews of windows, and "Flip 3D", a window switching mechanism which cascades windows with a 3D effect.
[[File:Windows7 flip.png|thumb|Flip 3D showing the current tabs by pressing the key combination of {{keypress|Win|tab}}]]
Windows 7 features refinements in Windows Aero, including larger window buttons by default (minimize, maximize, close and query), revised taskbar thumbnails, the ability to manipulate windows by dragging them to the top or sides of the screen (to the side to make it fill half the screen, and to the top to maximize), the ability to hide all windows by hovering the Show Desktop button on the taskbar, and the ability to minimize all other windows by shaking one.
Use of DWM, and by extension the Windows Aero theme, requires a [[video card]] with 128{{nbsp}}MB of graphics memory (or at least 64{{nbsp}}MB of video RAM and 1{{nbsp}}GB of system RAM for on-board graphics) supporting [[pixel shader]] 2.0, and with [[Windows Display Driver Model|WDDM]]-compatible drivers. Windows Aero is also not available in Windows 7 Starter, only available to a limited extent on Windows Vista Home Basic, and is automatically disabled if a user is detected to be running a [[Windows Genuine Advantage|non-genuine]] copy of Windows.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc507845.aspx | title=Windows Vista Enterprise Hardware Planning Guidance | publisher=[[Microsoft]] | work=[[Microsoft TechNet#Library|TechNet Library]] | access-date=June 12, 2013 | date=February 2007 | archive-date=September 14, 2008 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080914073532/https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc507845.aspx | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://news.cnet.com/Vista-wont-show-fancy-side-to-pirates/2100-1016_3-6060700.html | title=Vista won't show fancy side to pirates | publisher=[[CBS Interactive]] | work=[[CNET]] | date=April 13, 2006 | access-date=June 12, 2013 | first=Ina | last=Fried | archive-date=October 22, 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022192018/http://news.cnet.com/Vista-wont-show-fancy-side-to-pirates/2100-1016_3-6060700.html | url-status=live }}</ref> [[Windows Server 2008]] and [[Windows Server 2008 R2]] also support Windows Aero as part of the "Desktop Experience" component, which is disabled by default.<ref>{{cite web|title=Desktop Experience Overview|url=https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc772567.aspx|work=[[Microsoft TechNet#Library|TechNet Library]]|date=November 17, 2009|publisher=[[Microsoft]]|access-date=June 16, 2013|archive-date=August 15, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090815172914/https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc772567.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref>
=== Aero Wizards ===
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:Windows 7 Connection Wizard.png|thumb|A network connection wizard on [[Windows 7]] which utilized the Aero Wizard layout|alt=]] -->
'''Wizard 97'''<ref name="wizard97">{{cite web | url=http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms738248.aspx | title=Wizard 97 | publisher=[[Microsoft]] | work=[[Platform SDK]] | access-date=June 12, 2013 | date=May 2002 | archive-date=March 15, 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315032001/https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms738248.aspx | url-status=live }}</ref> had been the prevailing standard for wizard design, visual layout, and functionality used in [[Windows 98]] through to [[Windows Server 2003]], as well as most Microsoft products in that time frame. Aero Wizards are the replacement for Wizard 97, incorporating visual updates to match the aesthetics of the rest of Aero, as well as changing the interaction flow.
More specifically:
* To increase the efficiency of the wizard, the "Welcome" pages in Wizard 97 are no longer used. (A precursor to this change was implied in a number of wizards in products such as [[Microsoft SQL Server|SQL Server 2005]] where a check-box was added to welcome pages, allowing a user to disable the welcome page in future uses of the wizard.)
* Aero Wizards can be resized, whereas the Wizard 97 guidelines defined exact sizes for wizard window and content sizes.
* The purpose of Aero Wizards are more clearly stated at the top.
* A new kind of control called a "Command link" provides a single-click operation to choose from a short list of options.
* The notion of "Commit pages" is introduced, where it is made clear that the next step will be the actual process that the wizard is being used to enact. If no follow-up information needs to be communicated, these are the last pages in a wizard. Typically a commit page has a button at the bottom-right that is labeled with the action to be taken, such as "Create account".
* The "Back" button has moved to the top-left corner of the wizard window and matches the visual style of the back button in other Vista applications. This is done to give more focus to the commit choices. The "Next" button is only shown on pages where it is necessary.
* At the end of a wizard, a "Follow-up page" can be used to direct the user to related tasks that they may be interested in after completing the wizard. For example, a follow-up for a CD burning wizard may present options like "Duplicate this disc" and "Make a disc label".
=== Notifications ===
Notifications allow an application or operating system component with an icon in the notification area to create a pop-up window with some information about an event or problem. These windows, first introduced in [[Windows 2000]] and known colloquially as "balloons", are similar in appearance to the [[speech balloon]]s that are commonly seen in [[comics]]. Balloons were often criticized in prior versions of Windows due to their intrusiveness, especially with regard to how they interacted with full-screen applications such as games (the entire application was minimized as the bubble came up). Notifications in Aero aim to be less intrusive by gradually fading in and out, and not appearing at all if a full-screen application or screensaver is being displayed—in these cases, notifications are queued until an appropriate time.<ref name="Notifications">{{cite web |url=https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/dn742472%28v=vs.85%29.aspx |title=Notifications |publisher=[[Microsoft]] |work=[[MSDN]] |access-date=April 18, 2015 |archive-date=January 14, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150114065737/http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/dn742472(v=vs.85).aspx |url-status=live }}</ref> Larger icons and multiple font sizes and colors are also introduced with Aero's notification windows.
=== Font ===
[[File:Segoe UI Revision Differences.png|thumb|[[Segoe UI]] font in [[Windows Vista]] and [[Windows 7]] (top); [[Windows 8]], [[Windows 8.1]], [[Windows 10]], and [[Windows 11]] (bottom)|alt=]]
The [[Segoe UI]] [[Computer font|typeface]] is the default font for Aero with languages that use [[Latin script|Latin]], [[Greek alphabet|Greek]], and [[Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]] character sets. The default font size is also increased from 8pt to 9pt to improve readability. In the Segoe UI typeface prior to Windows 8, the numeral zero ("0") is narrow, while capital letter "O" is wider (Windows 8's Segoe UI keeps this difference), and numeral one ("1") has a top hook, while capital letter "I" has equal crown and base (Windows 8's "1" has no base, and the "I" does not have a crown or base).
=== Icons ===
Aero's base icons were designed by [[The Iconfactory]], which had previously designed [[Windows XP]] icons.<ref name="Windows Vista icons">{{cite web | url=http://iconfactory.com/design/detail/windows_vista | title=Design: Windows Vista | publisher=[[The Iconfactory]] | work=iconfactory.com | access-date=June 12, 2013 | archive-date=May 27, 2007 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070527215855/http://iconfactory.com/design/detail/windows_vista | url-status=live }}</ref>
=== Phrasing tone ===
The Vista User Experience Guidelines also address the issue of "tone" in the writing of text used with the Aero user interface. Prior design guidelines from Microsoft had not done much to address the issue of how user interface text is phrased, and as such, the way that information and requests are presented to the user had not been consistent between parts of the operating system.
The guidelines for Vista and its applications suggest messages that present technically accurate advice concisely, objectively, and positively, and assume an intelligent user motivated to solve a particular problem. Specific advice includes the use of the [[grammatical person|second person]] and the [[grammatical voice|active voice]] (e.g. "Print the photos on your camera") and avoidance of words like "please", "sorry" and "thank you".<ref>{{cite web |date=November 2021 |title=Style and Tone - Win32 apps |url=https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/uxguide/text-style-tone |access-date=January 9, 2023 |work=Windows App Development |publisher=[[Microsoft]] |archive-date=January 10, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230110023357/https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/uxguide/text-style-tone |url-status=live }}</ref>
== History ==
=== Windows Vista ===
The Aero interface was unveiled for Windows Vista as a complete redesign of the Windows interface, replacing [[Windows XP]]'s "[[Luna (theme)|Luna]]" theme. Until the release of Windows Vista Beta 1 in July 2005, little had been shown of Aero in public or leaked builds, with alpha builds containing interim designs such as "Plex".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Forbidden Windows: An Early Look At Longhorn Alpha - ExtremeTech |url=https://www.extremetech.com/computing/52676-forbidden-windows-an-early-look-at-longhorn-alpha |access-date=2022-02-27 |website=www.extremetech.com |archive-date=February 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227225503/https://www.extremetech.com/computing/52676-forbidden-windows-an-early-look-at-longhorn-alpha |url-status=live }}</ref>
Windows Aero incorporated the following features in Windows Vista.
* '''Windows Aero theme''': The main component of Aero, it is the successor of Windows XP's "Luna" and changes the look and feel of [[graphical control element (software)|graphical control elements]], including but not limited to [[Button (computing)|buttons]], [[checkbox]]es, [[radio button]]s, [[Menu (computing)|menus]], [[progress bar]]s and default Windows [[computer icon|icons]]. Even message boxes are changed.<ref>{{cite web |title=Message boxes differ in Windows Vista and in Windows XP, although you use the same code to generate the message boxes |url=http://support.microsoft.com/kb/936852 |access-date=June 16, 2013 |work=Support |publisher=[[Microsoft]] |archive-date=August 15, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090815172554/http://support.microsoft.com/kb/936852 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* '''Windows Flip improvements''': Windows Flip (''Alt+Tab'') in Windows Vista now shows a live preview of each open window instead of the application icons.<ref>{{cite web |title=What is Windows Aero? |url=http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows-vista/What-is-Windows-Aero |access-date=June 11, 2013 |work=Windows Portal |publisher=[[Microsoft]] |archive-date=October 12, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091012172434/http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows-vista/What-is-Windows-Aero |url-status=live }}</ref>
* '''Windows Flip 3D''': Windows Flip 3D (''Windows key+Tab'') renders live images of open windows, allowing one to switch between them while displaying them in a three-dimensional view.<ref>{{cite web |title=Using Windows Flip 3D |url=http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows-vista/Using-Windows-Flip-3D |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160114140055/http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows-vista/Using-Windows-Flip-3D |archive-date=January 14, 2016 |access-date=June 11, 2013 |work=Windows Portal |publisher=[[Microsoft]]}}</ref>
* '''Taskbar live thumbnails''' – Hovering over the taskbar button of a window displays a preview of that window in the taskbar.
* '''[[Desktop Window Manager]] (DWM)''' – Due to the significant impact of the new changes on hardware and performance, Desktop Window Manager was introduced to achieve [[hardware acceleration]], transferring the duty of UI rendering from CPU to graphic subsystem. DWM in Windows Vista required compatible hardware.
* '''Task Dialogs''': [[Dialog box]]es meant to help communicate with the user and receive simple user input. Task Dialogs are more complex than traditional message boxes that only bear a message and a set of command buttons. Task Dialogs may have expandable sections, hyperlinks, checkboxes, progress bars and graphical elements.<ref>{{cite web |title=About Task Dialogs |url=http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/bb760441%28v=vs.85%29.aspx |access-date=June 16, 2013 |work=[[MSDN]] |publisher=[[Microsoft]] |archive-date=March 22, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180322204603/https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/bb760441(v=vs.85).aspx |url-status=live }}</ref>
=== Windows 7 ===
Windows Aero is revised in Windows 7, with many UI changes, such as a more touch friendly interface, and many new visual effects and features including [[pointing device gesture]]s:
[[File:Aero Peek.png|thumb|Aero Peek showing the Windows 7 desktop when the mouse is pointed on the "show desktop" button on taskbar|alt=]]
* '''Aero Peek''': Hovering over a taskbar thumbnail shows a preview of the entire window. Aero Peek is also available through the "Show desktop" button at the right end of the taskbar, which makes all open windows transparent for a quick view of the desktop. A similar feature was patented during Windows Vista development.<ref>{{cite web |last=Zheng |first=Long |date=November 30, 2008 |title=From Microsoft patent to Windows reality: "X-ray browsing", circa 2005; Aero Peek, circa 2008. |url=http://www.istartedsomething.com/20081130/from-microsoft-patent-to-windows-reality-x-ray-browsing-aero-peek/ |access-date=June 11, 2013 |work=iStartedSomething.com |publisher=iStartedSomething |archive-date=April 13, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170413070945/http://www.istartedsomething.com/20081130/from-microsoft-patent-to-windows-reality-x-ray-browsing-aero-peek/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* '''Aero Shake''': Quickly dragging a window back and forth minimizes all other windows. Shaking it again restores them.
* '''Aero Snap''': Dragging a window to the right or left side of the desktop causes the window to fill the respective half of the screen. Snapping a window to the top of the screen maximizes it. Windows can be resized by stretching them to touch the top or bottom of the screen, which fully increases their vertical screen estate, while retaining their width, these windows can then slide horizontally if moved by the title bar, or pulled off, which returns the window to its original height.
* Touchscreen gestures and support for high [[Dots per inch|DPI]] on displays were added.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Townsend |first1=Reed |last2=Matthews |first2=Dave |last3=LeGrow |first3=Ian |editor-last=Sinofsky |editor-first=Steven |editor-link=Steven Sinofsky |title=Touching Windows 7 |url=http://blogs.msdn.com/b/e7/archive/2009/03/25/touching-windows-7.aspx |access-date=November 30, 2008 |work=Engineering Windows 7 |publisher=[[Microsoft]] |archive-date=July 8, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150708102411/http://blogs.msdn.com/b/e7/archive/2009/03/25/touching-windows-7.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Title bars of maximized windows remain transparent instead of becoming opaque.
* The outline of non-maximized windows is completely white, rather than having a cyan outline on the right side and bottom.
* The window color is now affected by a multiplication blending mode. While the amount of blending cannot be adjusted by the user manually through normal means, the amount of color multiplication is adjusted in conjunction when adjusting color intensity. The higher the color intensity, the lower amount of color multiplication and vice versa. This also results in window colors that are not as vivid at lower intensities on darker backgrounds as they would be in Windows Vista.
* The taskbar was redesigned to automatically group windows by application, and only show their icon by default. When hovering over the taskbar button of an open program, the button glows the dominant RGB color of its icon, with the effect following the mouse cursor.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.microsoft.com/windows/windows-7/whats-new.aspx |title=What's new in Windows 7: Faster & easier |website=[[Microsoft]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090226055026/http://www.microsoft.com/windows/windows-7/whats-new.aspx|archive-date=February 26, 2009}}</ref>
* Progress indicators are present in taskbar buttons. For example, downloading a file in a web browser can cause the button to fill with color as the operation progresses.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kiriaty |first1=Yochay |last2=Goldshtein |first2=Sasha |date=July 2009 |title=Introducing The Taskbar APIs |url=http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/dd942846.aspx |access-date=November 10, 2013 |work=[[MSDN Magazine]] |publisher=[[Microsoft]] |archive-date=June 27, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090627203234/http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/dd942846.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref>
=== In later versions of Windows ===
Some of the features introduced in Aero remain in modified forms in later versions of Windows.
* [[Windows 8]]
** While pre-release versions of Windows 8 used an updated version of Windows Aero with a flatter, squared look, the Glass theme was replaced prior to release by a new [[flat design]] theme based on [[Metro design language]].<ref name="windows8-verge">{{cite web |last=Webster |first=Andrew |date=May 18, 2012 |title=Microsoft reveals Windows 8 desktop UI changes, drops Windows Aero |url=https://www.theverge.com/2012/5/18/3029547/microsoft-windows-8-drops-aero-glass |access-date=June 12, 2013 |work=[[The Verge]] |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |archive-date=May 6, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506183443/https://www.theverge.com/2012/5/18/3029547/microsoft-windows-8-drops-aero-glass |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="win8-noglass">{{cite web |last=Harris |first=Jensen |date=May 19, 2012 |editor-last=Sinofsky |editor-first=Steven |editor-link=Steven Sinofsky |title=Creating the Windows 8 user experience |url=http://blogs.msdn.com/b/b8/archive/2012/05/18/creating-the-windows-8-user-experience.aspx |access-date=May 21, 2012 |work=Building Windows 8 |publisher=[[Microsoft]] |archive-date=September 12, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120912033359/http://blogs.msdn.com/b/b8/archive/2012/05/18/creating-the-windows-8-user-experience.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref> Transparency effects were removed from the interface, aside from the taskbar, which maintained transparency but no longer has a blur effect.<ref>{{cite magazine |date=May 19, 2012 |title=RIP Aero Glass; Windows 8 Sticks a Fork in Familiar UI |url=https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2404647,00.asp |access-date=May 20, 2012 |magazine=[[PC Magazine]] |publisher=[[Ziff Davis]] |archive-date=May 22, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120522020726/http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2404647,00.asp |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="win8-noglass" />
** Flip 3D is removed; {{keypress|[[Windows key|Win]]|[[Tab key|Tab]]}} was changed to switch between the desktop and [[Metro-style apps|Windows Store apps]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Piltch |first=Avram |date=2012-08-22 |title=How to Switch Tasks Faster in Windows 8 |url=https://www.laptopmag.com/articles/how-to-switch-tasks-faster-in-windows-8 |access-date=2022-02-27 |website=LaptopMag |language=en |archive-date=February 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227230012/https://www.laptopmag.com/articles/how-to-switch-tasks-faster-in-windows-8 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Windows 10]]
** The OS initially maintained an updated version of Metro, but began to increasingly reinstate detailed lighting effects (including those that follow the cursor) and Aero glass-like transparency via its migration to [[Fluent Design System]] as a successor to Metro.<ref name="ars-fluentdesign">{{cite web |date=11 May 2017 |title=New Windows look and feel, Neon, is officially the "Microsoft Fluent Design System" |url=https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2017/05/new-windows-look-and-feel-neon-is-officially-the-microsoft-fluent-design-system/ |website=Ars Technica |accessdate=11 May 2017 |archive-date=May 11, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170511154503/https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2017/05/new-windows-look-and-feel-neon-is-officially-the-microsoft-fluent-design-system/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
** [[Virtual desktop]]s have been added via "[[Task View]]". This takes over the {{keypress|[[Windows key|Win]]|[[Tab key|Tab]]}} keyboard shortcut.<ref>{{Cite web |title=How to Manage Virtual Desktops in Windows 11 |url=https://www.pcmag.com/how-to/how-to-manage-virtual-desktops-in-windows-11 |access-date=2022-02-27 |website=PCMAG |language=en |archive-date=February 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227230008/https://www.pcmag.com/how-to/how-to-manage-virtual-desktops-in-windows-11 |url-status=live }}</ref>
** Window snapping has been extended to allow applications to be snapped to quadrants of the screen. When a window is snapped to half of the screen, the user is prompted to select a second window to occupy the other half of the screen.<ref name="tomsguide-unveiled">{{cite web |last=Andronico |first=Michael |date=September 30, 2014 |title=Microsoft Unveils Windows 10 with New Start Menu |url=https://www.tomsguide.com/us/windows-10-unveiled,news-19648.html |access-date=May 14, 2019 |website=Tom's Guide |archive-date=April 7, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407203343/https://www.tomsguide.com/us/windows-10-unveiled,news-19648.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
** Aero Shake is now referred to as "Title bar window shake".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-10-05 |title=Windows 11 comes with big multitasking improvements. Here's what's new. |url=https://www.windowscentral.com/whats-new-multitasking-windows-11 |access-date=2022-02-27 |website=Windows Central |archive-date=February 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227225504/https://www.windowscentral.com/whats-new-multitasking-windows-11 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Keep It Tidy: How to Use Snap Layouts in Windows 11 |url=https://www.pcmag.com/how-to/keep-it-tidy-how-to-use-snap-layouts-in-windows-11 |access-date=2022-02-27 |website=PCMAG |language=en |archive-date=February 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227225500/https://www.pcmag.com/how-to/keep-it-tidy-how-to-use-snap-layouts-in-windows-11 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Windows 11]]
** Predefined "snap layouts" can be activated by hovering over the maximize/restore button on a titlebar. Sets of windows formed using snap layouts ("snap groups") can be minimized and restored from the taskbar as a group.<ref name=":4">{{cite web |last=Salter |first=Jim |date=June 24, 2021 |title=Windows 11 is much more than a new theme slapped onto Windows 10 |url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2021/06/microsoft-details-windows-11-with-new-ui-and-android-app-support/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625203309/https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2021/06/microsoft-details-windows-11-with-new-ui-and-android-app-support/ |archive-date=June 25, 2021 |access-date=June 25, 2021 |website=Ars Technica |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Krasnoff |first=Barbara |date=2021-10-05 |title=How to use snap layouts in Windows 11 |url=https://www.theverge.com/22710511/windows-11-snap-layouts-how-to |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211109193948/https://www.theverge.com/22710511/windows-11-snap-layouts-how-to |archive-date=November 9, 2021 |access-date=2021-11-09 |website=The Verge |language=en}}</ref>
** Some window title bars are now transparent and blurred using the Mica material new to Windows 11. The Mica material only uses the user's desktop background and blurs it as the texture of some title bars, rather than a real-time blurring effect.<ref>{{Cite web |access-date=July 29, 2023 |title=Mica material |url=https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/apps/design/style/mica#app-layering-with-mica |website=Microsoft Learn |date=May 17, 2023 |publisher=[[Microsoft]] |language=en |archive-date=January 18, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240118205237/https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/apps/design/style/mica#app-layering-with-mica |url-status=live }}</ref>
== Legacy ==
=== Frutiger Aero ===
[[File:Frutiger_Aero_Bubbles_And_Grass.jpg|thumb|262x262px|Frutiger Aero images have themes associated with nature, water, glass, and air.]]
Retrospectively, a [[design style]], [[Internet aesthetic]] and [[User interface|UI/UX]] design trend based on Windows Aero called '''Frutiger Aero''' has been identified, which was popular from roughly 2004 to 2013.<ref name="Dazeddigital">{{cite web |last1=Holliday |first1=Laura |title=What is frutiger aero, the aesthetic taking over from Y2K? |url=https://www.dazeddigital.com/life-culture/article/58103/1/what-is-frutiger-aero-aesthetic-tiktok-msn-messenger-windows-vista-noughties |website=Dazed |date=February 3, 2023 |access-date=April 23, 2023 |archive-date=May 11, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230511211248/https://www.dazeddigital.com/life-culture/article/58103/1/what-is-frutiger-aero-aesthetic-tiktok-msn-messenger-windows-vista-noughties |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Bramley |first=Ellie Violet |date=2023-12-14 |title=Frutiger Aero: the Windows screen saver design trend taking TikTok by storm |url=https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2023/dec/14/frutiger-aero-the-windows-screen-saver-design-trend-taking-tiktok-by-storm |access-date=2024-01-31 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=January 31, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240131210953/https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2023/dec/14/frutiger-aero-the-windows-screen-saver-design-trend-taking-tiktok-by-storm |url-status=live }}</ref> It is characterized by modern and organic themes associated with nature, glass, water and air.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2023-02-04 |title=What is frutiger aero, the aesthetic taking over from Y2K? {{!}} Dazed |url=https://www.dazeddigital.com/life-culture/article/58103/1/what-is-frutiger-aero-aesthetic-tiktok-msn-messenger-windows-vista-noughties |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230204142213/https://www.dazeddigital.com/life-culture/article/58103/1/what-is-frutiger-aero-aesthetic-tiktok-msn-messenger-windows-vista-noughties |archive-date=2023-02-04 |access-date=2023-03-17 |website=dazeddigital}}</ref>
Common features of Frutiger Aero include shiny and glossy textures, CGI renders of scenes with nature and technology together, grass, transparency, sparkles, bubbles, nature symbolism, a [[tertiary color]] palette, [[bokeh]] photography, and elements of [[skeuomorph]]ic design.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-16 |title=Consumer Aesthetics Research Institute |url=https://cari.institute/aesthetics/frutiger-aero |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230116035850/https://cari.institute/aesthetics/frutiger-aero |archive-date=2023-01-16 |access-date=2023-03-17 |website=cari.institute}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2023-03-14 |title=What is Frutiger Aero? Uncovering the nostalgic 2000's aesthetic {{!}} US Mobile |url=https://www.usmobile.com/blog/frutiger-aero/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314173055/https://www.usmobile.com/blog/frutiger-aero/ |archive-date=2023-03-14 |access-date=2023-03-17 |website=usmobile.com}}</ref><ref name="Dazeddigital" /><ref>{{cite web |last1=Cortés |first1=Michelle Santiago |title=What Frutiger Aero teaches us about niche internet aesthetics |url=https://i-d.vice.com/en/article/88qyn3/what-frutiger-aero-teaches-us-about-niche-internet-aesthetics |website=i-D |access-date=April 23, 2023 |archive-date=April 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230409013120/https://i-d.vice.com/en/article/88qyn3/what-frutiger-aero-teaches-us-about-niche-internet-aesthetics |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Cinko |first1=Anthony |title=What is Frutiger Aero? Uncovering the nostalgic 2000's aesthetic - US Mobile blog |url=https://www.usmobile.com/blog/frutiger-aero/ |website=Prepaid GSM Carrier News |date=December 17, 2022 |access-date=April 23, 2023 |archive-date=April 1, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401232946/https://www.usmobile.com/blog/frutiger-aero/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
The term ''Frutiger Aero'' was coined by "Sofi" Lee in 2017 because troons can't help but categorise and lable everything they see. Also that person is your typical somethingawful og troon influencer so ugh to them.
==== History ====
[[File:Plasma Workspaces.png|thumb|Use of Frutiger Aero in UI ([[KDE Plasma 4]])]]
In the 2000s, Frutiger Aero came as a necessity for tech companies to make new technologies accessible to as many people, using familiar, [[skeuomorph]]ic and [[Humanism|humanist]] designs.<ref name=":1" /> This change came after the futuristic "Y2K" interface that was primarily used on Windows operating systems from the early to late 1990s.<ref name=":2" />
Between 2012 and 2014, user interfaces on desktops, mobile devices, and websites underwent a cardinal shift towards [[flat design]].<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Burmistrov |first1=Ivan |title=Human-Computer Interaction – INTERACT 2015 |last2=Zlokazova |first2=Tatiana |last3=Izmalkova |first3=Anna |last4=Leonova |first4=Anna |date=2015 |publisher=Springer International Publishing |isbn=978-3-319-22668-2 |editor-last=Abascal |editor-first=Julio |series=Lecture Notes in Computer Science |volume=9297 |location=Cham |pages=106–114 |language=en |chapter=Flat Design vs Traditional Design: Comparative Experimental Study |doi=10.1007/978-3-319-22668-2_10 |editor2-last=Barbosa |editor2-first=Simone |editor3-last=Fetter |editor3-first=Mirko |editor4-last=Gross |editor4-first=Tom |editor5-last=Palanque |editor5-first=Philippe |editor6-last=Winckler |editor6-first=Marco |chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-22668-2_10 |s2cid=4377915 |access-date=September 21, 2023 |archive-date=October 4, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004181233/https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-22668-2_10 |url-status=live }}</ref> This shift coincided with the decline of Frutiger Aero and Windows Aero. Frutiger Aero eventually went on to have a [[Nostalgia|nostalgic]] revival on [[Reddit]], [[YouTube]], [[Instagram]] as well as [[TikTok]] in the 2020s, where the [[hashtag]] ''#frutigeraero'' was used over 30 million times.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" />
== See also ==
* [[Aqua (user interface)]]
* [[Compiz]]
* [[Compositing window manager]]
* [[Desktop Window Manager]]
* [[Development of Windows 7]]
* [[Development of Windows Vista]]
* [[Features new to Windows 7]]
* [[Features new to Windows Vista]]
* [[Kwin]]
== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
== External links ==
* [https://social.technet.microsoft.com/wiki/contents/articles/2783.windows-7-aero-peek-feature.aspx Windows 7 Aero Peek Feature]
* [https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/uxguide/guidelines Microsoft Docs - Win32 Apps UX Guidelines]
{{Windows Components}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Aero}}
[[Category:2006 software]]
[[Category:3D GUIs]]
[[Category:Design language]]
[[Category:Graphical user interfaces]]
[[Category:Windows components]]
[[Category:Windows Vista]]
[[Category:Windows 7]]
[[Category:Internet memes introduced in 2017]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext) | '{{short description|Design language by Microsoft}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2018}}
'''Windows Aero''' (a [[backronym]] for ''Authentic, Energetic, Reflective, and Open''<ref name="WindowsVistaExperience">{{cite web |url=http://msdn.microsoft.com/windowsvista/experience/ |title=Windows Vista Developer Center — Create the Experience |date=2005 |publisher=[[Microsoft]] |work=[[MSDN]] |quote=What is AERO? AERO stands for Authentic, Energetic, Reflective, and Open and is the user experience guidelines for Windows Vista, governing the look and feel of the operating system. These guidelines express not just the way the pixels are drawn, but how the user interacts with the system and the feelings it should evoke. These guidelines, and the AERO user interface, are the result of years of design and user research by Microsoft. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050729003728/http://msdn.microsoft.com/windowsvista/experience/ |archive-date=July 29, 2005 |access-date=December 25, 2023}}</ref><ref name="WindowsVistaSounds">{{cite web |url=http://windowsvistablog.com/blogs/windowsvista/archive/2006/11/09/the-sounds-of-windows-vista.aspx |title=The Sounds of Windows Vista |last=Allchin |first=Jim |author-link=James Allchin |date=November 9, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061110152317/http://windowsvistablog.com/blogs/windowsvista/archive/2006/11/09/the-sounds-of-windows-vista.aspx |archive-date=November 10, 2006 |publisher=[[Microsoft]] |work=Windows Vista Team Blog |access-date=April 25, 2015}}</ref>) is the [[design language]] introduced in the [[Microsoft]] [[Windows Vista]] [[operating system]]. The changes introduced by Windows Aero encompassed many elements of the Windows interface, with the introduction of a new visual style with an emphasis on animation, glass, and translucency; interface guidelines for phrasing and tone of instructions and other text in applications were available. New cursors and sounds based on Windows Aero design principles were also introduced.
Windows Aero was used as the design language of [[Windows Vista]] and [[Windows 7]]. The [[flat design]]-based [[Metro design language]] was introduced on [[Windows 8]], although aspects of the design and features promoted as part of Aero on Windows Vista and 7 have been retained in later versions of Windows (barring design changes to comply with Metro, MDL2, or [[Fluent Design System|Fluent]]).
[[File:Aero Example.png|250px|thumb|A distinctive feature of Windows Aero showing "glass-like" window borders on [[Windows 7]]|alt=]]
== Features ==
For the first time since the release of [[Windows 95]], Microsoft completely revised its user interface guidelines, covering [[aesthetics]], common controls such as buttons and [[radio button]]s, task dialogs, [[Wizard (software)|wizards]], common dialogs, control panels, icons, fonts, user notifications, and the "tone" of text used.<ref name="uxguide">{{cite web | url=http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa511301.aspx | title=What's New in Windows Vista | publisher=[[Microsoft]] | work=Windows Vista User Experience Guidelines | access-date=June 12, 2013 | archive-date=March 16, 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160316084703/https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa511301.aspx | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name='WindowsVistaSounds'/>
=== Windows Aero theme ===
[[File:ThumbnailWin7.png|thumb|Live thumbnails showing the [[Internet Explorer]] tabs on the taskbar
]]
On Windows Vista and Windows 7 computers that meet certain hardware and software requirements, the Windows Aero theme is used by default, primarily incorporating various animation and transparency effects into the desktop using [[hardware acceleration]] and the [[Desktop Window Manager]] (DWM). In the "Personalize" section added to [[Control Panel (Windows)|Control Panel]] of Windows Vista, users can customize the "glass" effects to either be opaque or transparent, and change the color it is tinted. Enabling Windows Aero also enables other new features, including an enhanced [[Alt-Tab]] menu and taskbar thumbnails with live previews of windows, and "Flip 3D", a window switching mechanism which cascades windows with a 3D effect.
[[File:Windows7 flip.png|thumb|Flip 3D showing the current tabs by pressing the key combination of {{keypress|Win|tab}}]]
Windows 7 features refinements in Windows Aero, including larger window buttons by default (minimize, maximize, close and query), revised taskbar thumbnails, the ability to manipulate windows by dragging them to the top or sides of the screen (to the side to make it fill half the screen, and to the top to maximize), the ability to hide all windows by hovering the Show Desktop button on the taskbar, and the ability to minimize all other windows by shaking one.
Use of DWM, and by extension the Windows Aero theme, requires a [[video card]] with 128{{nbsp}}MB of graphics memory (or at least 64{{nbsp}}MB of video RAM and 1{{nbsp}}GB of system RAM for on-board graphics) supporting [[pixel shader]] 2.0, and with [[Windows Display Driver Model|WDDM]]-compatible drivers. Windows Aero is also not available in Windows 7 Starter, only available to a limited extent on Windows Vista Home Basic, and is automatically disabled if a user is detected to be running a [[Windows Genuine Advantage|non-genuine]] copy of Windows.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc507845.aspx | title=Windows Vista Enterprise Hardware Planning Guidance | publisher=[[Microsoft]] | work=[[Microsoft TechNet#Library|TechNet Library]] | access-date=June 12, 2013 | date=February 2007 | archive-date=September 14, 2008 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080914073532/https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc507845.aspx | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://news.cnet.com/Vista-wont-show-fancy-side-to-pirates/2100-1016_3-6060700.html | title=Vista won't show fancy side to pirates | publisher=[[CBS Interactive]] | work=[[CNET]] | date=April 13, 2006 | access-date=June 12, 2013 | first=Ina | last=Fried | archive-date=October 22, 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022192018/http://news.cnet.com/Vista-wont-show-fancy-side-to-pirates/2100-1016_3-6060700.html | url-status=live }}</ref> [[Windows Server 2008]] and [[Windows Server 2008 R2]] also support Windows Aero as part of the "Desktop Experience" component, which is disabled by default.<ref>{{cite web|title=Desktop Experience Overview|url=https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc772567.aspx|work=[[Microsoft TechNet#Library|TechNet Library]]|date=November 17, 2009|publisher=[[Microsoft]]|access-date=June 16, 2013|archive-date=August 15, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090815172914/https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc772567.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref>
=== Aero Wizards ===
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:Windows 7 Connection Wizard.png|thumb|A network connection wizard on [[Windows 7]] which utilized the Aero Wizard layout|alt=]] -->
'''Wizard 97'''<ref name="wizard97">{{cite web | url=http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms738248.aspx | title=Wizard 97 | publisher=[[Microsoft]] | work=[[Platform SDK]] | access-date=June 12, 2013 | date=May 2002 | archive-date=March 15, 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315032001/https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms738248.aspx | url-status=live }}</ref> had been the prevailing standard for wizard design, visual layout, and functionality used in [[Windows 98]] through to [[Windows Server 2003]], as well as most Microsoft products in that time frame. Aero Wizards are the replacement for Wizard 97, incorporating visual updates to match the aesthetics of the rest of Aero, as well as changing the interaction flow.
More specifically:
* To increase the efficiency of the wizard, the "Welcome" pages in Wizard 97 are no longer used. (A precursor to this change was implied in a number of wizards in products such as [[Microsoft SQL Server|SQL Server 2005]] where a check-box was added to welcome pages, allowing a user to disable the welcome page in future uses of the wizard.)
* Aero Wizards can be resized, whereas the Wizard 97 guidelines defined exact sizes for wizard window and content sizes.
* The purpose of Aero Wizards are more clearly stated at the top.
* A new kind of control called a "Command link" provides a single-click operation to choose from a short list of options.
* The notion of "Commit pages" is introduced, where it is made clear that the next step will be the actual process that the wizard is being used to enact. If no follow-up information needs to be communicated, these are the last pages in a wizard. Typically a commit page has a button at the bottom-right that is labeled with the action to be taken, such as "Create account".
* The "Back" button has moved to the top-left corner of the wizard window and matches the visual style of the back button in other Vista applications. This is done to give more focus to the commit choices. The "Next" button is only shown on pages where it is necessary.
* At the end of a wizard, a "Follow-up page" can be used to direct the user to related tasks that they may be interested in after completing the wizard. For example, a follow-up for a CD burning wizard may present options like "Duplicate this disc" and "Make a disc label".
=== Notifications ===
Notifications allow an application or operating system component with an icon in the notification area to create a pop-up window with some information about an event or problem. These windows, first introduced in [[Windows 2000]] and known colloquially as "balloons", are similar in appearance to the [[speech balloon]]s that are commonly seen in [[comics]]. Balloons were often criticized in prior versions of Windows due to their intrusiveness, especially with regard to how they interacted with full-screen applications such as games (the entire application was minimized as the bubble came up). Notifications in Aero aim to be less intrusive by gradually fading in and out, and not appearing at all if a full-screen application or screensaver is being displayed—in these cases, notifications are queued until an appropriate time.<ref name="Notifications">{{cite web |url=https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/dn742472%28v=vs.85%29.aspx |title=Notifications |publisher=[[Microsoft]] |work=[[MSDN]] |access-date=April 18, 2015 |archive-date=January 14, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150114065737/http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/dn742472(v=vs.85).aspx |url-status=live }}</ref> Larger icons and multiple font sizes and colors are also introduced with Aero's notification windows.
=== Font ===
[[File:Segoe UI Revision Differences.png|thumb|[[Segoe UI]] font in [[Windows Vista]] and [[Windows 7]] (top); [[Windows 8]], [[Windows 8.1]], [[Windows 10]], and [[Windows 11]] (bottom)|alt=]]
The [[Segoe UI]] [[Computer font|typeface]] is the default font for Aero with languages that use [[Latin script|Latin]], [[Greek alphabet|Greek]], and [[Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]] character sets. The default font size is also increased from 8pt to 9pt to improve readability. In the Segoe UI typeface prior to Windows 8, the numeral zero ("0") is narrow, while capital letter "O" is wider (Windows 8's Segoe UI keeps this difference), and numeral one ("1") has a top hook, while capital letter "I" has equal crown and base (Windows 8's "1" has no base, and the "I" does not have a crown or base).
=== Icons ===
Aero's base icons were designed by [[The Iconfactory]], which had previously designed [[Windows XP]] icons.<ref name="Windows Vista icons">{{cite web | url=http://iconfactory.com/design/detail/windows_vista | title=Design: Windows Vista | publisher=[[The Iconfactory]] | work=iconfactory.com | access-date=June 12, 2013 | archive-date=May 27, 2007 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070527215855/http://iconfactory.com/design/detail/windows_vista | url-status=live }}</ref>
=== Phrasing tone ===
The Vista User Experience Guidelines also address the issue of "tone" in the writing of text used with the Aero user interface. Prior design guidelines from Microsoft had not done much to address the issue of how user interface text is phrased, and as such, the way that information and requests are presented to the user had not been consistent between parts of the operating system.
The guidelines for Vista and its applications suggest messages that present technically accurate advice concisely, objectively, and positively, and assume an intelligent user motivated to solve a particular problem. Specific advice includes the use of the [[grammatical person|second person]] and the [[grammatical voice|active voice]] (e.g. "Print the photos on your camera") and avoidance of words like "please", "sorry" and "thank you".<ref>{{cite web |date=November 2021 |title=Style and Tone - Win32 apps |url=https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/uxguide/text-style-tone |access-date=January 9, 2023 |work=Windows App Development |publisher=[[Microsoft]] |archive-date=January 10, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230110023357/https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/uxguide/text-style-tone |url-status=live }}</ref>
== History ==
=== Windows Vista ===
The Aero interface was unveiled for Windows Vista as a complete redesign of the Windows interface, replacing [[Windows XP]]'s "[[Luna (theme)|Luna]]" theme. Until the release of Windows Vista Beta 1 in July 2005, little had been shown of Aero in public or leaked builds, with alpha builds containing interim designs such as "Plex".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Forbidden Windows: An Early Look At Longhorn Alpha - ExtremeTech |url=https://www.extremetech.com/computing/52676-forbidden-windows-an-early-look-at-longhorn-alpha |access-date=2022-02-27 |website=www.extremetech.com |archive-date=February 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227225503/https://www.extremetech.com/computing/52676-forbidden-windows-an-early-look-at-longhorn-alpha |url-status=live }}</ref>
Windows Aero incorporated the following features in Windows Vista.
* '''Windows Aero theme''': The main component of Aero, it is the successor of Windows XP's "Luna" and changes the look and feel of [[graphical control element (software)|graphical control elements]], including but not limited to [[Button (computing)|buttons]], [[checkbox]]es, [[radio button]]s, [[Menu (computing)|menus]], [[progress bar]]s and default Windows [[computer icon|icons]]. Even message boxes are changed.<ref>{{cite web |title=Message boxes differ in Windows Vista and in Windows XP, although you use the same code to generate the message boxes |url=http://support.microsoft.com/kb/936852 |access-date=June 16, 2013 |work=Support |publisher=[[Microsoft]] |archive-date=August 15, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090815172554/http://support.microsoft.com/kb/936852 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* '''Windows Flip improvements''': Windows Flip (''Alt+Tab'') in Windows Vista now shows a live preview of each open window instead of the application icons.<ref>{{cite web |title=What is Windows Aero? |url=http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows-vista/What-is-Windows-Aero |access-date=June 11, 2013 |work=Windows Portal |publisher=[[Microsoft]] |archive-date=October 12, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091012172434/http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows-vista/What-is-Windows-Aero |url-status=live }}</ref>
* '''Windows Flip 3D''': Windows Flip 3D (''Windows key+Tab'') renders live images of open windows, allowing one to switch between them while displaying them in a three-dimensional view.<ref>{{cite web |title=Using Windows Flip 3D |url=http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows-vista/Using-Windows-Flip-3D |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160114140055/http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows-vista/Using-Windows-Flip-3D |archive-date=January 14, 2016 |access-date=June 11, 2013 |work=Windows Portal |publisher=[[Microsoft]]}}</ref>
* '''Taskbar live thumbnails''' – Hovering over the taskbar button of a window displays a preview of that window in the taskbar.
* '''[[Desktop Window Manager]] (DWM)''' – Due to the significant impact of the new changes on hardware and performance, Desktop Window Manager was introduced to achieve [[hardware acceleration]], transferring the duty of UI rendering from CPU to graphic subsystem. DWM in Windows Vista required compatible hardware.
* '''Task Dialogs''': [[Dialog box]]es meant to help communicate with the user and receive simple user input. Task Dialogs are more complex than traditional message boxes that only bear a message and a set of command buttons. Task Dialogs may have expandable sections, hyperlinks, checkboxes, progress bars and graphical elements.<ref>{{cite web |title=About Task Dialogs |url=http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/bb760441%28v=vs.85%29.aspx |access-date=June 16, 2013 |work=[[MSDN]] |publisher=[[Microsoft]] |archive-date=March 22, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180322204603/https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/bb760441(v=vs.85).aspx |url-status=live }}</ref>
=== Windows 7 ===
Windows Aero is revised in Windows 7, with many UI changes, such as a more touch friendly interface, and many new visual effects and features including [[pointing device gesture]]s:
[[File:Aero Peek.png|thumb|Aero Peek showing the Windows 7 desktop when the mouse is pointed on the "show desktop" button on taskbar|alt=]]
* '''Aero Peek''': Hovering over a taskbar thumbnail shows a preview of the entire window. Aero Peek is also available through the "Show desktop" button at the right end of the taskbar, which makes all open windows transparent for a quick view of the desktop. A similar feature was patented during Windows Vista development.<ref>{{cite web |last=Zheng |first=Long |date=November 30, 2008 |title=From Microsoft patent to Windows reality: "X-ray browsing", circa 2005; Aero Peek, circa 2008. |url=http://www.istartedsomething.com/20081130/from-microsoft-patent-to-windows-reality-x-ray-browsing-aero-peek/ |access-date=June 11, 2013 |work=iStartedSomething.com |publisher=iStartedSomething |archive-date=April 13, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170413070945/http://www.istartedsomething.com/20081130/from-microsoft-patent-to-windows-reality-x-ray-browsing-aero-peek/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* '''Aero Shake''': Quickly dragging a window back and forth minimizes all other windows. Shaking it again restores them.
* '''Aero Snap''': Dragging a window to the right or left side of the desktop causes the window to fill the respective half of the screen. Snapping a window to the top of the screen maximizes it. Windows can be resized by stretching them to touch the top or bottom of the screen, which fully increases their vertical screen estate, while retaining their width, these windows can then slide horizontally if moved by the title bar, or pulled off, which returns the window to its original height.
* Touchscreen gestures and support for high [[Dots per inch|DPI]] on displays were added.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Townsend |first1=Reed |last2=Matthews |first2=Dave |last3=LeGrow |first3=Ian |editor-last=Sinofsky |editor-first=Steven |editor-link=Steven Sinofsky |title=Touching Windows 7 |url=http://blogs.msdn.com/b/e7/archive/2009/03/25/touching-windows-7.aspx |access-date=November 30, 2008 |work=Engineering Windows 7 |publisher=[[Microsoft]] |archive-date=July 8, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150708102411/http://blogs.msdn.com/b/e7/archive/2009/03/25/touching-windows-7.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Title bars of maximized windows remain transparent instead of becoming opaque.
* The outline of non-maximized windows is completely white, rather than having a cyan outline on the right side and bottom.
* The window color is now affected by a multiplication blending mode. While the amount of blending cannot be adjusted by the user manually through normal means, the amount of color multiplication is adjusted in conjunction when adjusting color intensity. The higher the color intensity, the lower amount of color multiplication and vice versa. This also results in window colors that are not as vivid at lower intensities on darker backgrounds as they would be in Windows Vista.
* The taskbar was redesigned to automatically group windows by application, and only show their icon by default. When hovering over the taskbar button of an open program, the button glows the dominant RGB color of its icon, with the effect following the mouse cursor.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.microsoft.com/windows/windows-7/whats-new.aspx |title=What's new in Windows 7: Faster & easier |website=[[Microsoft]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090226055026/http://www.microsoft.com/windows/windows-7/whats-new.aspx|archive-date=February 26, 2009}}</ref>
* Progress indicators are present in taskbar buttons. For example, downloading a file in a web browser can cause the button to fill with color as the operation progresses.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kiriaty |first1=Yochay |last2=Goldshtein |first2=Sasha |date=July 2009 |title=Introducing The Taskbar APIs |url=http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/dd942846.aspx |access-date=November 10, 2013 |work=[[MSDN Magazine]] |publisher=[[Microsoft]] |archive-date=June 27, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090627203234/http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/dd942846.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref>
=== In later versions of Windows ===
Some of the features introduced in Aero remain in modified forms in later versions of Windows.
* [[Windows 8]]
** While pre-release versions of Windows 8 used an updated version of Windows Aero with a flatter, squared look, the Glass theme was replaced prior to release by a new [[flat design]] theme based on [[Metro design language]].<ref name="windows8-verge">{{cite web |last=Webster |first=Andrew |date=May 18, 2012 |title=Microsoft reveals Windows 8 desktop UI changes, drops Windows Aero |url=https://www.theverge.com/2012/5/18/3029547/microsoft-windows-8-drops-aero-glass |access-date=June 12, 2013 |work=[[The Verge]] |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |archive-date=May 6, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506183443/https://www.theverge.com/2012/5/18/3029547/microsoft-windows-8-drops-aero-glass |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="win8-noglass">{{cite web |last=Harris |first=Jensen |date=May 19, 2012 |editor-last=Sinofsky |editor-first=Steven |editor-link=Steven Sinofsky |title=Creating the Windows 8 user experience |url=http://blogs.msdn.com/b/b8/archive/2012/05/18/creating-the-windows-8-user-experience.aspx |access-date=May 21, 2012 |work=Building Windows 8 |publisher=[[Microsoft]] |archive-date=September 12, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120912033359/http://blogs.msdn.com/b/b8/archive/2012/05/18/creating-the-windows-8-user-experience.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref> Transparency effects were removed from the interface, aside from the taskbar, which maintained transparency but no longer has a blur effect.<ref>{{cite magazine |date=May 19, 2012 |title=RIP Aero Glass; Windows 8 Sticks a Fork in Familiar UI |url=https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2404647,00.asp |access-date=May 20, 2012 |magazine=[[PC Magazine]] |publisher=[[Ziff Davis]] |archive-date=May 22, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120522020726/http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2404647,00.asp |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="win8-noglass" />
** Flip 3D is removed; {{keypress|[[Windows key|Win]]|[[Tab key|Tab]]}} was changed to switch between the desktop and [[Metro-style apps|Windows Store apps]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Piltch |first=Avram |date=2012-08-22 |title=How to Switch Tasks Faster in Windows 8 |url=https://www.laptopmag.com/articles/how-to-switch-tasks-faster-in-windows-8 |access-date=2022-02-27 |website=LaptopMag |language=en |archive-date=February 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227230012/https://www.laptopmag.com/articles/how-to-switch-tasks-faster-in-windows-8 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Windows 10]]
** The OS initially maintained an updated version of Metro, but began to increasingly reinstate detailed lighting effects (including those that follow the cursor) and Aero glass-like transparency via its migration to [[Fluent Design System]] as a successor to Metro.<ref name="ars-fluentdesign">{{cite web |date=11 May 2017 |title=New Windows look and feel, Neon, is officially the "Microsoft Fluent Design System" |url=https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2017/05/new-windows-look-and-feel-neon-is-officially-the-microsoft-fluent-design-system/ |website=Ars Technica |accessdate=11 May 2017 |archive-date=May 11, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170511154503/https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2017/05/new-windows-look-and-feel-neon-is-officially-the-microsoft-fluent-design-system/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
** [[Virtual desktop]]s have been added via "[[Task View]]". This takes over the {{keypress|[[Windows key|Win]]|[[Tab key|Tab]]}} keyboard shortcut.<ref>{{Cite web |title=How to Manage Virtual Desktops in Windows 11 |url=https://www.pcmag.com/how-to/how-to-manage-virtual-desktops-in-windows-11 |access-date=2022-02-27 |website=PCMAG |language=en |archive-date=February 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227230008/https://www.pcmag.com/how-to/how-to-manage-virtual-desktops-in-windows-11 |url-status=live }}</ref>
** Window snapping has been extended to allow applications to be snapped to quadrants of the screen. When a window is snapped to half of the screen, the user is prompted to select a second window to occupy the other half of the screen.<ref name="tomsguide-unveiled">{{cite web |last=Andronico |first=Michael |date=September 30, 2014 |title=Microsoft Unveils Windows 10 with New Start Menu |url=https://www.tomsguide.com/us/windows-10-unveiled,news-19648.html |access-date=May 14, 2019 |website=Tom's Guide |archive-date=April 7, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407203343/https://www.tomsguide.com/us/windows-10-unveiled,news-19648.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
** Aero Shake is now referred to as "Title bar window shake".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-10-05 |title=Windows 11 comes with big multitasking improvements. Here's what's new. |url=https://www.windowscentral.com/whats-new-multitasking-windows-11 |access-date=2022-02-27 |website=Windows Central |archive-date=February 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227225504/https://www.windowscentral.com/whats-new-multitasking-windows-11 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Keep It Tidy: How to Use Snap Layouts in Windows 11 |url=https://www.pcmag.com/how-to/keep-it-tidy-how-to-use-snap-layouts-in-windows-11 |access-date=2022-02-27 |website=PCMAG |language=en |archive-date=February 27, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227225500/https://www.pcmag.com/how-to/keep-it-tidy-how-to-use-snap-layouts-in-windows-11 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Windows 11]]
** Predefined "snap layouts" can be activated by hovering over the maximize/restore button on a titlebar. Sets of windows formed using snap layouts ("snap groups") can be minimized and restored from the taskbar as a group.<ref name=":4">{{cite web |last=Salter |first=Jim |date=June 24, 2021 |title=Windows 11 is much more than a new theme slapped onto Windows 10 |url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2021/06/microsoft-details-windows-11-with-new-ui-and-android-app-support/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625203309/https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2021/06/microsoft-details-windows-11-with-new-ui-and-android-app-support/ |archive-date=June 25, 2021 |access-date=June 25, 2021 |website=Ars Technica |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Krasnoff |first=Barbara |date=2021-10-05 |title=How to use snap layouts in Windows 11 |url=https://www.theverge.com/22710511/windows-11-snap-layouts-how-to |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211109193948/https://www.theverge.com/22710511/windows-11-snap-layouts-how-to |archive-date=November 9, 2021 |access-date=2021-11-09 |website=The Verge |language=en}}</ref>
** Some window title bars are now transparent and blurred using the Mica material new to Windows 11. The Mica material only uses the user's desktop background and blurs it as the texture of some title bars, rather than a real-time blurring effect.<ref>{{Cite web |access-date=July 29, 2023 |title=Mica material |url=https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/apps/design/style/mica#app-layering-with-mica |website=Microsoft Learn |date=May 17, 2023 |publisher=[[Microsoft]] |language=en |archive-date=January 18, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240118205237/https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/apps/design/style/mica#app-layering-with-mica |url-status=live }}</ref>
== Legacy ==
=== Frutiger Aero ===
[[File:Frutiger_Aero_Bubbles_And_Grass.jpg|thumb|262x262px|Frutiger Aero images have themes associated with nature, water, glass, and air.]]
Retrospectively, a [[design style]], [[Internet aesthetic]] and [[User interface|UI/UX]] design trend based on Windows Aero called '''Frutiger Aero''' has been identified, which was popular from roughly 2004 to 2013.<ref name="Dazeddigital">{{cite web |last1=Holliday |first1=Laura |title=What is frutiger aero, the aesthetic taking over from Y2K? |url=https://www.dazeddigital.com/life-culture/article/58103/1/what-is-frutiger-aero-aesthetic-tiktok-msn-messenger-windows-vista-noughties |website=Dazed |date=February 3, 2023 |access-date=April 23, 2023 |archive-date=May 11, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230511211248/https://www.dazeddigital.com/life-culture/article/58103/1/what-is-frutiger-aero-aesthetic-tiktok-msn-messenger-windows-vista-noughties |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Bramley |first=Ellie Violet |date=2023-12-14 |title=Frutiger Aero: the Windows screen saver design trend taking TikTok by storm |url=https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2023/dec/14/frutiger-aero-the-windows-screen-saver-design-trend-taking-tiktok-by-storm |access-date=2024-01-31 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=January 31, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240131210953/https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2023/dec/14/frutiger-aero-the-windows-screen-saver-design-trend-taking-tiktok-by-storm |url-status=live }}</ref> It is characterized by modern and organic themes associated with nature, glass, water and air.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2023-02-04 |title=What is frutiger aero, the aesthetic taking over from Y2K? {{!}} Dazed |url=https://www.dazeddigital.com/life-culture/article/58103/1/what-is-frutiger-aero-aesthetic-tiktok-msn-messenger-windows-vista-noughties |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230204142213/https://www.dazeddigital.com/life-culture/article/58103/1/what-is-frutiger-aero-aesthetic-tiktok-msn-messenger-windows-vista-noughties |archive-date=2023-02-04 |access-date=2023-03-17 |website=dazeddigital}}</ref>
Common features of Frutiger Aero include shiny and glossy textures, CGI renders of scenes with nature and technology together, grass, transparency, sparkles, bubbles, nature symbolism, a [[tertiary color]] palette, [[bokeh]] photography, and elements of [[skeuomorph]]ic design.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-16 |title=Consumer Aesthetics Research Institute |url=https://cari.institute/aesthetics/frutiger-aero |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230116035850/https://cari.institute/aesthetics/frutiger-aero |archive-date=2023-01-16 |access-date=2023-03-17 |website=cari.institute}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2023-03-14 |title=What is Frutiger Aero? Uncovering the nostalgic 2000's aesthetic {{!}} US Mobile |url=https://www.usmobile.com/blog/frutiger-aero/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314173055/https://www.usmobile.com/blog/frutiger-aero/ |archive-date=2023-03-14 |access-date=2023-03-17 |website=usmobile.com}}</ref><ref name="Dazeddigital" /><ref>{{cite web |last1=Cortés |first1=Michelle Santiago |title=What Frutiger Aero teaches us about niche internet aesthetics |url=https://i-d.vice.com/en/article/88qyn3/what-frutiger-aero-teaches-us-about-niche-internet-aesthetics |website=i-D |access-date=April 23, 2023 |archive-date=April 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230409013120/https://i-d.vice.com/en/article/88qyn3/what-frutiger-aero-teaches-us-about-niche-internet-aesthetics |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Cinko |first1=Anthony |title=What is Frutiger Aero? Uncovering the nostalgic 2000's aesthetic - US Mobile blog |url=https://www.usmobile.com/blog/frutiger-aero/ |website=Prepaid GSM Carrier News |date=December 17, 2022 |access-date=April 23, 2023 |archive-date=April 1, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401232946/https://www.usmobile.com/blog/frutiger-aero/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
The term ''Frutiger Aero'' was coined by "Sofi" Lee in 2017 because troons can't help but categorise and lable everything they see. Also that person is your typical somethingawful og troon influencer so ugh to them.
=== History ===
Historical revisionism at its finest.
No one cared until 2021.
This is the truth speaking.
Posted from Windows XP
== See also ==
* [[Aqua (user interface)]]
* [[Compiz]]
* [[Compositing window manager]]
* [[Desktop Window Manager]]
* [[Development of Windows 7]]
* [[Development of Windows Vista]]
* [[Features new to Windows 7]]
* [[Features new to Windows Vista]]
* [[Kwin]]
== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
== External links ==
* [https://social.technet.microsoft.com/wiki/contents/articles/2783.windows-7-aero-peek-feature.aspx Windows 7 Aero Peek Feature]
* [https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/uxguide/guidelines Microsoft Docs - Win32 Apps UX Guidelines]
{{Windows Components}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Aero}}
[[Category:2006 software]]
[[Category:3D GUIs]]
[[Category:Design language]]
[[Category:Graphical user interfaces]]
[[Category:Windows components]]
[[Category:Windows Vista]]
[[Category:Windows 7]]
[[Category:Internet memes introduced in 2017]]' |
Unified diff of changes made by edit (edit_diff) | '@@ -104,9 +104,9 @@
The term ''Frutiger Aero'' was coined by "Sofi" Lee in 2017 because troons can't help but categorise and lable everything they see. Also that person is your typical somethingawful og troon influencer so ugh to them.
-==== History ====
-[[File:Plasma Workspaces.png|thumb|Use of Frutiger Aero in UI ([[KDE Plasma 4]])]]
-In the 2000s, Frutiger Aero came as a necessity for tech companies to make new technologies accessible to as many people, using familiar, [[skeuomorph]]ic and [[Humanism|humanist]] designs.<ref name=":1" /> This change came after the futuristic "Y2K" interface that was primarily used on Windows operating systems from the early to late 1990s.<ref name=":2" />
-
-Between 2012 and 2014, user interfaces on desktops, mobile devices, and websites underwent a cardinal shift towards [[flat design]].<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Burmistrov |first1=Ivan |title=Human-Computer Interaction – INTERACT 2015 |last2=Zlokazova |first2=Tatiana |last3=Izmalkova |first3=Anna |last4=Leonova |first4=Anna |date=2015 |publisher=Springer International Publishing |isbn=978-3-319-22668-2 |editor-last=Abascal |editor-first=Julio |series=Lecture Notes in Computer Science |volume=9297 |location=Cham |pages=106–114 |language=en |chapter=Flat Design vs Traditional Design: Comparative Experimental Study |doi=10.1007/978-3-319-22668-2_10 |editor2-last=Barbosa |editor2-first=Simone |editor3-last=Fetter |editor3-first=Mirko |editor4-last=Gross |editor4-first=Tom |editor5-last=Palanque |editor5-first=Philippe |editor6-last=Winckler |editor6-first=Marco |chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-22668-2_10 |s2cid=4377915 |access-date=September 21, 2023 |archive-date=October 4, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004181233/https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-22668-2_10 |url-status=live }}</ref> This shift coincided with the decline of Frutiger Aero and Windows Aero. Frutiger Aero eventually went on to have a [[Nostalgia|nostalgic]] revival on [[Reddit]], [[YouTube]], [[Instagram]] as well as [[TikTok]] in the 2020s, where the [[hashtag]] ''#frutigeraero'' was used over 30 million times.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" />
+=== History ===
+Historical revisionism at its finest.
+No one cared until 2021.
+This is the truth speaking.
+Posted from Windows XP
== See also ==
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Parsed HTML source of the new revision (new_html) | '<div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Design language by Microsoft</div>
<p class="mw-empty-elt">
</p><p><b>Windows Aero</b> (a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Backronym" title="Backronym">backronym</a> for <i>Authentic, Energetic, Reflective, and Open</i><sup id="cite_ref-WindowsVistaExperience_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WindowsVistaExperience-1">[1]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WindowsVistaSounds_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WindowsVistaSounds-2">[2]</a></sup>) is the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Design_language" title="Design language">design language</a> introduced in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_Vista" title="Windows Vista">Windows Vista</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating system</a>. The changes introduced by Windows Aero encompassed many elements of the Windows interface, with the introduction of a new visual style with an emphasis on animation, glass, and translucency; interface guidelines for phrasing and tone of instructions and other text in applications were available. New cursors and sounds based on Windows Aero design principles were also introduced.
</p><p>Windows Aero was used as the design language of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_Vista" title="Windows Vista">Windows Vista</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_7" title="Windows 7">Windows 7</a>. The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Flat_design" title="Flat design">flat design</a>-based <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Metro_design_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Metro design language">Metro design language</a> was introduced on <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_8" title="Windows 8">Windows 8</a>, although aspects of the design and features promoted as part of Aero on Windows Vista and 7 have been retained in later versions of Windows (barring design changes to comply with Metro, MDL2, or <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fluent_Design_System" title="Fluent Design System">Fluent</a>).
</p>
<figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Aero_Example.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/df/Aero_Example.png/250px-Aero_Example.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/d/df/Aero_Example.png 1.5x" data-file-width="351" data-file-height="183" /></a><figcaption>A distinctive feature of Windows Aero showing "glass-like" window borders on <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_7" title="Windows 7">Windows 7</a></figcaption></figure>
<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Features"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Features</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Windows_Aero_theme"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Windows Aero theme</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Aero_Wizards"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Aero Wizards</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Notifications"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Notifications</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Font"><span class="tocnumber">1.4</span> <span class="toctext">Font</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Icons"><span class="tocnumber">1.5</span> <span class="toctext">Icons</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Phrasing_tone"><span class="tocnumber">1.6</span> <span class="toctext">Phrasing tone</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Windows_Vista"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Windows Vista</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Windows_7"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Windows 7</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#In_later_versions_of_Windows"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">In later versions of Windows</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#Legacy"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Legacy</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Frutiger_Aero"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Frutiger Aero</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#History_2"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Features">Features</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Windows_Aero&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Features"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>For the first time since the release of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_95" title="Windows 95">Windows 95</a>, Microsoft completely revised its user interface guidelines, covering <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aesthetics" title="Aesthetics">aesthetics</a>, common controls such as buttons and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Radio_button" title="Radio button">radio buttons</a>, task dialogs, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wizard_(software)" title="Wizard (software)">wizards</a>, common dialogs, control panels, icons, fonts, user notifications, and the "tone" of text used.<sup id="cite_ref-uxguide_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uxguide-3">[3]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WindowsVistaSounds_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WindowsVistaSounds-2">[2]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Windows_Aero_theme">Windows Aero theme</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Windows_Aero&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Windows Aero theme"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:ThumbnailWin7.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/25/ThumbnailWin7.png/220px-ThumbnailWin7.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/25/ThumbnailWin7.png/330px-ThumbnailWin7.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/25/ThumbnailWin7.png/440px-ThumbnailWin7.png 2x" data-file-width="486" data-file-height="206" /></a><figcaption>Live thumbnails showing the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer">Internet Explorer</a> tabs on the taskbar </figcaption></figure>
<p>On Windows Vista and Windows 7 computers that meet certain hardware and software requirements, the Windows Aero theme is used by default, primarily incorporating various animation and transparency effects into the desktop using <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hardware_acceleration" title="Hardware acceleration">hardware acceleration</a> and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Desktop_Window_Manager" title="Desktop Window Manager">Desktop Window Manager</a> (DWM). In the "Personalize" section added to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Control_Panel_(Windows)" title="Control Panel (Windows)">Control Panel</a> of Windows Vista, users can customize the "glass" effects to either be opaque or transparent, and change the color it is tinted. Enabling Windows Aero also enables other new features, including an enhanced <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alt-Tab" title="Alt-Tab">Alt-Tab</a> menu and taskbar thumbnails with live previews of windows, and "Flip 3D", a window switching mechanism which cascades windows with a 3D effect.
</p>
<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Windows7_flip.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/59/Windows7_flip.png/220px-Windows7_flip.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/59/Windows7_flip.png/330px-Windows7_flip.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/5/59/Windows7_flip.png 2x" data-file-width="365" data-file-height="274" /></a><figcaption>Flip 3D showing the current tabs by pressing the key combination of <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1071501304">.mw-parser-output .keyboard-key{border:1px solid #aaa;border-radius:0.2em;box-shadow:0.1em 0.1em 0.2em rgba(0,0,0,0.1);background-color:#f9f9f9;background-image:linear-gradient(to bottom,#eee,#f9f9f9,#eee);color:#000;padding:0.1em 0.3em;font-family:inherit;font-size:0.85em}</style><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">⊞ Win</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Tab ↹</kbd></figcaption></figure>
<p>Windows 7 features refinements in Windows Aero, including larger window buttons by default (minimize, maximize, close and query), revised taskbar thumbnails, the ability to manipulate windows by dragging them to the top or sides of the screen (to the side to make it fill half the screen, and to the top to maximize), the ability to hide all windows by hovering the Show Desktop button on the taskbar, and the ability to minimize all other windows by shaking one.
</p><p>Use of DWM, and by extension the Windows Aero theme, requires a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Video_card" class="mw-redirect" title="Video card">video card</a> with 128<span class="nowrap"> </span>MB of graphics memory (or at least 64<span class="nowrap"> </span>MB of video RAM and 1<span class="nowrap"> </span>GB of system RAM for on-board graphics) supporting <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pixel_shader" class="mw-redirect" title="Pixel shader">pixel shader</a> 2.0, and with <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_Display_Driver_Model" title="Windows Display Driver Model">WDDM</a>-compatible drivers. Windows Aero is also not available in Windows 7 Starter, only available to a limited extent on Windows Vista Home Basic, and is automatically disabled if a user is detected to be running a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_Genuine_Advantage" title="Windows Genuine Advantage">non-genuine</a> copy of Windows.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></sup> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_Server_2008" title="Windows Server 2008">Windows Server 2008</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_Server_2008_R2" title="Windows Server 2008 R2">Windows Server 2008 R2</a> also support Windows Aero as part of the "Desktop Experience" component, which is disabled by default.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Aero_Wizards">Aero Wizards</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Windows_Aero&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Aero Wizards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p><b>Wizard 97</b><sup id="cite_ref-wizard97_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wizard97-7">[7]</a></sup> had been the prevailing standard for wizard design, visual layout, and functionality used in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_98" title="Windows 98">Windows 98</a> through to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_Server_2003" title="Windows Server 2003">Windows Server 2003</a>, as well as most Microsoft products in that time frame. Aero Wizards are the replacement for Wizard 97, incorporating visual updates to match the aesthetics of the rest of Aero, as well as changing the interaction flow.
</p><p>More specifically:
</p>
<ul><li>To increase the efficiency of the wizard, the "Welcome" pages in Wizard 97 are no longer used. (A precursor to this change was implied in a number of wizards in products such as <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Microsoft_SQL_Server" title="Microsoft SQL Server">SQL Server 2005</a> where a check-box was added to welcome pages, allowing a user to disable the welcome page in future uses of the wizard.)</li>
<li>Aero Wizards can be resized, whereas the Wizard 97 guidelines defined exact sizes for wizard window and content sizes.</li>
<li>The purpose of Aero Wizards are more clearly stated at the top.</li>
<li>A new kind of control called a "Command link" provides a single-click operation to choose from a short list of options.</li>
<li>The notion of "Commit pages" is introduced, where it is made clear that the next step will be the actual process that the wizard is being used to enact. If no follow-up information needs to be communicated, these are the last pages in a wizard. Typically a commit page has a button at the bottom-right that is labeled with the action to be taken, such as "Create account".</li>
<li>The "Back" button has moved to the top-left corner of the wizard window and matches the visual style of the back button in other Vista applications. This is done to give more focus to the commit choices. The "Next" button is only shown on pages where it is necessary.</li>
<li>At the end of a wizard, a "Follow-up page" can be used to direct the user to related tasks that they may be interested in after completing the wizard. For example, a follow-up for a CD burning wizard may present options like "Duplicate this disc" and "Make a disc label".</li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Notifications">Notifications</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Windows_Aero&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Notifications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>Notifications allow an application or operating system component with an icon in the notification area to create a pop-up window with some information about an event or problem. These windows, first introduced in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_2000" title="Windows 2000">Windows 2000</a> and known colloquially as "balloons", are similar in appearance to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Speech_balloon" title="Speech balloon">speech balloons</a> that are commonly seen in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Comics" title="Comics">comics</a>. Balloons were often criticized in prior versions of Windows due to their intrusiveness, especially with regard to how they interacted with full-screen applications such as games (the entire application was minimized as the bubble came up). Notifications in Aero aim to be less intrusive by gradually fading in and out, and not appearing at all if a full-screen application or screensaver is being displayed—in these cases, notifications are queued until an appropriate time.<sup id="cite_ref-Notifications_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Notifications-8">[8]</a></sup> Larger icons and multiple font sizes and colors are also introduced with Aero's notification windows.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Font">Font</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Windows_Aero&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Font"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Segoe_UI_Revision_Differences.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Segoe_UI_Revision_Differences.png/220px-Segoe_UI_Revision_Differences.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Segoe_UI_Revision_Differences.png/330px-Segoe_UI_Revision_Differences.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Segoe_UI_Revision_Differences.png/440px-Segoe_UI_Revision_Differences.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="650" /></a><figcaption><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Segoe_UI" class="mw-redirect" title="Segoe UI">Segoe UI</a> font in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_Vista" title="Windows Vista">Windows Vista</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_7" title="Windows 7">Windows 7</a> (top); <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_8" title="Windows 8">Windows 8</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_8.1" title="Windows 8.1">Windows 8.1</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_10" title="Windows 10">Windows 10</a>, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_11" title="Windows 11">Windows 11</a> (bottom)</figcaption></figure>
<p>The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Segoe_UI" class="mw-redirect" title="Segoe UI">Segoe UI</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Computer_font" title="Computer font">typeface</a> is the default font for Aero with languages that use <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Greek_alphabet" title="Greek alphabet">Greek</a>, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic</a> character sets. The default font size is also increased from 8pt to 9pt to improve readability. In the Segoe UI typeface prior to Windows 8, the numeral zero ("0") is narrow, while capital letter "O" is wider (Windows 8's Segoe UI keeps this difference), and numeral one ("1") has a top hook, while capital letter "I" has equal crown and base (Windows 8's "1" has no base, and the "I" does not have a crown or base).
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Icons">Icons</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Windows_Aero&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Icons"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>Aero's base icons were designed by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Iconfactory" title="The Iconfactory">The Iconfactory</a>, which had previously designed <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_XP" title="Windows XP">Windows XP</a> icons.<sup id="cite_ref-Windows_Vista_icons_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Windows_Vista_icons-9">[9]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Phrasing_tone">Phrasing tone</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Windows_Aero&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Phrasing tone"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>The Vista User Experience Guidelines also address the issue of "tone" in the writing of text used with the Aero user interface. Prior design guidelines from Microsoft had not done much to address the issue of how user interface text is phrased, and as such, the way that information and requests are presented to the user had not been consistent between parts of the operating system.
</p><p>The guidelines for Vista and its applications suggest messages that present technically accurate advice concisely, objectively, and positively, and assume an intelligent user motivated to solve a particular problem. Specific advice includes the use of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Grammatical_person" title="Grammatical person">second person</a> and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Grammatical_voice" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammatical voice">active voice</a> (e.g. "Print the photos on your camera") and avoidance of words like "please", "sorry" and "thank you".<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="History">History</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Windows_Aero&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Windows_Vista">Windows Vista</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Windows_Aero&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Windows Vista"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>The Aero interface was unveiled for Windows Vista as a complete redesign of the Windows interface, replacing <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_XP" title="Windows XP">Windows XP</a>'s "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Luna_(theme)" class="mw-redirect" title="Luna (theme)">Luna</a>" theme. Until the release of Windows Vista Beta 1 in July 2005, little had been shown of Aero in public or leaked builds, with alpha builds containing interim designs such as "Plex".<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></sup>
</p><p>Windows Aero incorporated the following features in Windows Vista.
</p>
<ul><li><b>Windows Aero theme</b>: The main component of Aero, it is the successor of Windows XP's "Luna" and changes the look and feel of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Graphical_control_element_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Graphical control element (software)">graphical control elements</a>, including but not limited to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Button_(computing)" title="Button (computing)">buttons</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Checkbox" title="Checkbox">checkboxes</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Radio_button" title="Radio button">radio buttons</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Menu_(computing)" title="Menu (computing)">menus</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Progress_bar" title="Progress bar">progress bars</a> and default Windows <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Computer_icon" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer icon">icons</a>. Even message boxes are changed.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></sup></li>
<li><b>Windows Flip improvements</b>: Windows Flip (<i>Alt+Tab</i>) in Windows Vista now shows a live preview of each open window instead of the application icons.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a></sup></li>
<li><b>Windows Flip 3D</b>: Windows Flip 3D (<i>Windows key+Tab</i>) renders live images of open windows, allowing one to switch between them while displaying them in a three-dimensional view.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a></sup></li>
<li><b>Taskbar live thumbnails</b> – Hovering over the taskbar button of a window displays a preview of that window in the taskbar.</li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Desktop_Window_Manager" title="Desktop Window Manager">Desktop Window Manager</a> (DWM)</b> – Due to the significant impact of the new changes on hardware and performance, Desktop Window Manager was introduced to achieve <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hardware_acceleration" title="Hardware acceleration">hardware acceleration</a>, transferring the duty of UI rendering from CPU to graphic subsystem. DWM in Windows Vista required compatible hardware.</li>
<li><b>Task Dialogs</b>: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dialog_box" title="Dialog box">Dialog boxes</a> meant to help communicate with the user and receive simple user input. Task Dialogs are more complex than traditional message boxes that only bear a message and a set of command buttons. Task Dialogs may have expandable sections, hyperlinks, checkboxes, progress bars and graphical elements.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a></sup></li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Windows_7">Windows 7</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Windows_Aero&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Windows 7"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>Windows Aero is revised in Windows 7, with many UI changes, such as a more touch friendly interface, and many new visual effects and features including <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pointing_device_gesture" title="Pointing device gesture">pointing device gestures</a>:
</p>
<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Aero_Peek.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/52/Aero_Peek.png/220px-Aero_Peek.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/5/52/Aero_Peek.png 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="225" /></a><figcaption>Aero Peek showing the Windows 7 desktop when the mouse is pointed on the "show desktop" button on taskbar</figcaption></figure>
<ul><li><b>Aero Peek</b>: Hovering over a taskbar thumbnail shows a preview of the entire window. Aero Peek is also available through the "Show desktop" button at the right end of the taskbar, which makes all open windows transparent for a quick view of the desktop. A similar feature was patented during Windows Vista development.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a></sup></li>
<li><b>Aero Shake</b>: Quickly dragging a window back and forth minimizes all other windows. Shaking it again restores them.</li>
<li><b>Aero Snap</b>: Dragging a window to the right or left side of the desktop causes the window to fill the respective half of the screen. Snapping a window to the top of the screen maximizes it. Windows can be resized by stretching them to touch the top or bottom of the screen, which fully increases their vertical screen estate, while retaining their width, these windows can then slide horizontally if moved by the title bar, or pulled off, which returns the window to its original height.</li>
<li>Touchscreen gestures and support for high <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dots_per_inch" title="Dots per inch">DPI</a> on displays were added.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a></sup></li>
<li>Title bars of maximized windows remain transparent instead of becoming opaque.</li>
<li>The outline of non-maximized windows is completely white, rather than having a cyan outline on the right side and bottom.</li>
<li>The window color is now affected by a multiplication blending mode. While the amount of blending cannot be adjusted by the user manually through normal means, the amount of color multiplication is adjusted in conjunction when adjusting color intensity. The higher the color intensity, the lower amount of color multiplication and vice versa. This also results in window colors that are not as vivid at lower intensities on darker backgrounds as they would be in Windows Vista.</li>
<li>The taskbar was redesigned to automatically group windows by application, and only show their icon by default. When hovering over the taskbar button of an open program, the button glows the dominant RGB color of its icon, with the effect following the mouse cursor.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a></sup></li>
<li>Progress indicators are present in taskbar buttons. For example, downloading a file in a web browser can cause the button to fill with color as the operation progresses.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a></sup></li></ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="In_later_versions_of_Windows">In later versions of Windows</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Windows_Aero&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: In later versions of Windows"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>Some of the features introduced in Aero remain in modified forms in later versions of Windows.
</p>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_8" title="Windows 8">Windows 8</a>
<ul><li>While pre-release versions of Windows 8 used an updated version of Windows Aero with a flatter, squared look, the Glass theme was replaced prior to release by a new <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Flat_design" title="Flat design">flat design</a> theme based on <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Metro_design_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Metro design language">Metro design language</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-windows8-verge_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-windows8-verge-20">[20]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-win8-noglass_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-win8-noglass-21">[21]</a></sup> Transparency effects were removed from the interface, aside from the taskbar, which maintained transparency but no longer has a blur effect.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-win8-noglass_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-win8-noglass-21">[21]</a></sup></li>
<li>Flip 3D is removed; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1071501304"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">⊞ <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_key" title="Windows key">Win</a></kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tab_key" title="Tab key">Tab</a> ↹</kbd> was changed to switch between the desktop and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Metro-style_apps" class="mw-redirect" title="Metro-style apps">Windows Store apps</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a></sup></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_10" title="Windows 10">Windows 10</a>
<ul><li>The OS initially maintained an updated version of Metro, but began to increasingly reinstate detailed lighting effects (including those that follow the cursor) and Aero glass-like transparency via its migration to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fluent_Design_System" title="Fluent Design System">Fluent Design System</a> as a successor to Metro.<sup id="cite_ref-ars-fluentdesign_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ars-fluentdesign-24">[24]</a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Virtual_desktop" title="Virtual desktop">Virtual desktops</a> have been added via "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Task_View" title="Task View">Task View</a>". This takes over the <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1071501304"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">⊞ <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_key" title="Windows key">Win</a></kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tab_key" title="Tab key">Tab</a> ↹</kbd> keyboard shortcut.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a></sup></li>
<li>Window snapping has been extended to allow applications to be snapped to quadrants of the screen. When a window is snapped to half of the screen, the user is prompted to select a second window to occupy the other half of the screen.<sup id="cite_ref-tomsguide-unveiled_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tomsguide-unveiled-26">[26]</a></sup></li>
<li>Aero Shake is now referred to as "Title bar window shake".<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a></sup></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_11" title="Windows 11">Windows 11</a>
<ul><li>Predefined "snap layouts" can be activated by hovering over the maximize/restore button on a titlebar. Sets of windows formed using snap layouts ("snap groups") can be minimized and restored from the taskbar as a group.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-29">[29]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a></sup></li>
<li>Some window title bars are now transparent and blurred using the Mica material new to Windows 11. The Mica material only uses the user's desktop background and blurs it as the texture of some title bars, rather than a real-time blurring effect.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a></sup></li></ul></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Legacy">Legacy</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Windows_Aero&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Frutiger_Aero">Frutiger Aero</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Windows_Aero&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Frutiger Aero"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Frutiger_Aero_Bubbles_And_Grass.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Frutiger_Aero_Bubbles_And_Grass.jpg/262px-Frutiger_Aero_Bubbles_And_Grass.jpg" decoding="async" width="262" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Frutiger_Aero_Bubbles_And_Grass.jpg/393px-Frutiger_Aero_Bubbles_And_Grass.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Frutiger_Aero_Bubbles_And_Grass.jpg/524px-Frutiger_Aero_Bubbles_And_Grass.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1125" /></a><figcaption>Frutiger Aero images have themes associated with nature, water, glass, and air.</figcaption></figure>
<p>Retrospectively, a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Design_style" class="mw-redirect" title="Design style">design style</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Internet_aesthetic" title="Internet aesthetic">Internet aesthetic</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/User_interface" title="User interface">UI/UX</a> design trend based on Windows Aero called <b>Frutiger Aero</b> has been identified, which was popular from roughly 2004 to 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-Dazeddigital_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dazeddigital-32">[32]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a></sup> It is characterized by modern and organic themes associated with nature, glass, water and air.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-34">[34]</a></sup>
</p><p>Common features of Frutiger Aero include shiny and glossy textures, CGI renders of scenes with nature and technology together, grass, transparency, sparkles, bubbles, nature symbolism, a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tertiary_color" class="mw-redirect" title="Tertiary color">tertiary color</a> palette, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bokeh" title="Bokeh">bokeh</a> photography, and elements of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Skeuomorph" title="Skeuomorph">skeuomorphic</a> design.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-36">[36]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dazeddigital_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dazeddigital-32">[32]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a></sup>
</p><p>The term <i>Frutiger Aero</i> was coined by "Sofi" Lee in 2017 because troons can't help but categorise and lable everything they see. Also that person is your typical somethingawful og troon influencer so ugh to them.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="History_2">History</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Windows_Aero&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p>Historical revisionism at its finest.
No one cared until 2021.
This is the truth speaking.
Posted from Windows XP
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Windows_Aero&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Aqua_(user_interface)" title="Aqua (user interface)">Aqua (user interface)</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Compiz" title="Compiz">Compiz</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Compositing_window_manager" title="Compositing window manager">Compositing window manager</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Desktop_Window_Manager" title="Desktop Window Manager">Desktop Window Manager</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Development_of_Windows_7" class="mw-redirect" title="Development of Windows 7">Development of Windows 7</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Development_of_Windows_Vista" title="Development of Windows Vista">Development of Windows Vista</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Features_new_to_Windows_7" title="Features new to Windows 7">Features new to Windows 7</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Features_new_to_Windows_Vista" title="Features new to Windows Vista">Features new to Windows Vista</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kwin" class="mw-redirect" title="Kwin">Kwin</a></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Windows_Aero&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1217336898">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;">
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<li id="cite_note-uxguide-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-uxguide_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa511301.aspx">"What's New in Windows Vista"</a>. <i>Windows Vista User Experience Guidelines</i>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160316084703/https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa511301.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on March 16, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 12,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Windows+Vista+User+Experience+Guidelines&rft.atitle=What%27s+New+in+Windows+Vista&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmsdn.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Flibrary%2Fwindows%2Fdesktop%2Faa511301.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindows+Aero" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc507845.aspx">"Windows Vista Enterprise Hardware Planning Guidance"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Microsoft_TechNet#Library" title="Microsoft TechNet">TechNet Library</a></i>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>. February 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080914073532/https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc507845.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on September 14, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 12,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TechNet+Library&rft.atitle=Windows+Vista+Enterprise+Hardware+Planning+Guidance&rft.date=2007-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftechnet.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Flibrary%2Fcc507845.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindows+Aero" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Notifications-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Notifications_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/dn742472%28v=vs.85%29.aspx">"Notifications"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/MSDN" class="mw-redirect" title="MSDN">MSDN</a></i>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150114065737/http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/dn742472(v=vs.85).aspx">Archived</a> from the original on January 14, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 18,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MSDN&rft.atitle=Notifications&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmsdn.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Flibrary%2Fwindows%2Fdesktop%2Fdn742472%2528v%3Dvs.85%2529.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindows+Aero" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Windows_Vista_icons-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Windows_Vista_icons_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://iconfactory.com/design/detail/windows_vista">"Design: Windows Vista"</a>. <i>iconfactory.com</i>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Iconfactory" title="The Iconfactory">The Iconfactory</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070527215855/http://iconfactory.com/design/detail/windows_vista">Archived</a> from the original on May 27, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 12,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=iconfactory.com&rft.atitle=Design%3A+Windows+Vista&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ficonfactory.com%2Fdesign%2Fdetail%2Fwindows_vista&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindows+Aero" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-tomsguide-unveiled-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tomsguide-unveiled_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFAndronico2014" class="citation web cs1">Andronico, Michael (September 30, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tomsguide.com/us/windows-10-unveiled,news-19648.html">"Microsoft Unveils Windows 10 with New Start Menu"</a>. <i>Tom's Guide</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190407203343/https://www.tomsguide.com/us/windows-10-unveiled,news-19648.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 7, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 14,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tom%27s+Guide&rft.atitle=Microsoft+Unveils+Windows+10+with+New+Start+Menu&rft.date=2014-09-30&rft.aulast=Andronico&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tomsguide.com%2Fus%2Fwindows-10-unveiled%2Cnews-19648.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindows+Aero" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.windowscentral.com/whats-new-multitasking-windows-11">"Windows 11 comes with big multitasking improvements. Here's what's new"</a>. <i>Windows Central</i>. October 5, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220227225504/https://www.windowscentral.com/whats-new-multitasking-windows-11">Archived</a> from the original on February 27, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 27,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Windows+Central&rft.atitle=Windows+11+comes+with+big+multitasking+improvements.+Here%27s+what%27s+new.&rft.date=2021-10-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.windowscentral.com%2Fwhats-new-multitasking-windows-11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindows+Aero" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pcmag.com/how-to/keep-it-tidy-how-to-use-snap-layouts-in-windows-11">"Keep It Tidy: How to Use Snap Layouts in Windows 11"</a>. <i>PCMAG</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220227225500/https://www.pcmag.com/how-to/keep-it-tidy-how-to-use-snap-layouts-in-windows-11">Archived</a> from the original on February 27, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 27,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PCMAG&rft.atitle=Keep+It+Tidy%3A+How+to+Use+Snap+Layouts+in+Windows+11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pcmag.com%2Fhow-to%2Fkeep-it-tidy-how-to-use-snap-layouts-in-windows-11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindows+Aero" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-:4-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:4_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFSalter2021" class="citation web cs1">Salter, Jim (June 24, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2021/06/microsoft-details-windows-11-with-new-ui-and-android-app-support/">"Windows 11 is much more than a new theme slapped onto Windows 10"</a>. <i>Ars Technica</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210625203309/https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2021/06/microsoft-details-windows-11-with-new-ui-and-android-app-support/">Archived</a> from the original on June 25, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 25,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ars+Technica&rft.atitle=Windows+11+is+much+more+than+a+new+theme+slapped+onto+Windows+10&rft.date=2021-06-24&rft.aulast=Salter&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farstechnica.com%2Fgadgets%2F2021%2F06%2Fmicrosoft-details-windows-11-with-new-ui-and-android-app-support%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindows+Aero" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFKrasnoff2021" class="citation web cs1">Krasnoff, Barbara (October 5, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/22710511/windows-11-snap-layouts-how-to">"How to use snap layouts in Windows 11"</a>. <i>The Verge</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211109193948/https://www.theverge.com/22710511/windows-11-snap-layouts-how-to">Archived</a> from the original on November 9, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 9,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Verge&rft.atitle=How+to+use+snap+layouts+in+Windows+11&rft.date=2021-10-05&rft.aulast=Krasnoff&rft.aufirst=Barbara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2F22710511%2Fwindows-11-snap-layouts-how-to&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindows+Aero" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/apps/design/style/mica#app-layering-with-mica">"Mica material"</a>. <i>Microsoft Learn</i>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>. May 17, 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240118205237/https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/apps/design/style/mica#app-layering-with-mica">Archived</a> from the original on January 18, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 29,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Microsoft+Learn&rft.atitle=Mica+material&rft.date=2023-05-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flearn.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fwindows%2Fapps%2Fdesign%2Fstyle%2Fmica%23app-layering-with-mica&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindows+Aero" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Dazeddigital-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dazeddigital_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dazeddigital_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFHolliday2023" class="citation web cs1">Holliday, Laura (February 3, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dazeddigital.com/life-culture/article/58103/1/what-is-frutiger-aero-aesthetic-tiktok-msn-messenger-windows-vista-noughties">"What is frutiger aero, the aesthetic taking over from Y2K?"</a>. <i>Dazed</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230511211248/https://www.dazeddigital.com/life-culture/article/58103/1/what-is-frutiger-aero-aesthetic-tiktok-msn-messenger-windows-vista-noughties">Archived</a> from the original on May 11, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 23,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dazed&rft.atitle=What+is+frutiger+aero%2C+the+aesthetic+taking+over+from+Y2K%3F&rft.date=2023-02-03&rft.aulast=Holliday&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dazeddigital.com%2Flife-culture%2Farticle%2F58103%2F1%2Fwhat-is-frutiger-aero-aesthetic-tiktok-msn-messenger-windows-vista-noughties&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindows+Aero" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFBramley2023" class="citation news cs1">Bramley, Ellie Violet (December 14, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2023/dec/14/frutiger-aero-the-windows-screen-saver-design-trend-taking-tiktok-by-storm">"Frutiger Aero: the Windows screen saver design trend taking TikTok by storm"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240131210953/https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2023/dec/14/frutiger-aero-the-windows-screen-saver-design-trend-taking-tiktok-by-storm">Archived</a> from the original on January 31, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 31,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Frutiger+Aero%3A+the+Windows+screen+saver+design+trend+taking+TikTok+by+storm&rft.date=2023-12-14&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Bramley&rft.aufirst=Ellie+Violet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ffashion%2F2023%2Fdec%2F14%2Ffrutiger-aero-the-windows-screen-saver-design-trend-taking-tiktok-by-storm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindows+Aero" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-:0-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dazeddigital.com/life-culture/article/58103/1/what-is-frutiger-aero-aesthetic-tiktok-msn-messenger-windows-vista-noughties">"What is frutiger aero, the aesthetic taking over from Y2K? | Dazed"</a>. <i>dazeddigital</i>. February 4, 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230204142213/https://www.dazeddigital.com/life-culture/article/58103/1/what-is-frutiger-aero-aesthetic-tiktok-msn-messenger-windows-vista-noughties">Archived</a> from the original on February 4, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 17,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dazeddigital&rft.atitle=What+is+frutiger+aero%2C+the+aesthetic+taking+over+from+Y2K%3F+%7C+Dazed&rft.date=2023-02-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dazeddigital.com%2Flife-culture%2Farticle%2F58103%2F1%2Fwhat-is-frutiger-aero-aesthetic-tiktok-msn-messenger-windows-vista-noughties&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindows+Aero" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cari.institute/aesthetics/frutiger-aero">"Consumer Aesthetics Research Institute"</a>. <i>cari.institute</i>. January 16, 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230116035850/https://cari.institute/aesthetics/frutiger-aero">Archived</a> from the original on January 16, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 17,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cari.institute&rft.atitle=Consumer+Aesthetics+Research+Institute&rft.date=2023-01-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcari.institute%2Faesthetics%2Ffrutiger-aero&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindows+Aero" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-:1-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usmobile.com/blog/frutiger-aero/">"What is Frutiger Aero? Uncovering the nostalgic 2000's aesthetic | US Mobile"</a>. <i>usmobile.com</i>. March 14, 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230314173055/https://www.usmobile.com/blog/frutiger-aero/">Archived</a> from the original on March 14, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 17,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=usmobile.com&rft.atitle=What+is+Frutiger+Aero%3F+Uncovering+the+nostalgic+2000%27s+aesthetic+%7C+US+Mobile&rft.date=2023-03-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usmobile.com%2Fblog%2Ffrutiger-aero%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindows+Aero" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFCortés" class="citation web cs1">Cortés, Michelle Santiago. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://i-d.vice.com/en/article/88qyn3/what-frutiger-aero-teaches-us-about-niche-internet-aesthetics">"What Frutiger Aero teaches us about niche internet aesthetics"</a>. <i>i-D</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230409013120/https://i-d.vice.com/en/article/88qyn3/what-frutiger-aero-teaches-us-about-niche-internet-aesthetics">Archived</a> from the original on April 9, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 23,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=i-D&rft.atitle=What+Frutiger+Aero+teaches+us+about+niche+internet+aesthetics&rft.aulast=Cort%C3%A9s&rft.aufirst=Michelle+Santiago&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fi-d.vice.com%2Fen%2Farticle%2F88qyn3%2Fwhat-frutiger-aero-teaches-us-about-niche-internet-aesthetics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindows+Aero" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1215172403"><cite id="CITEREFCinko2022" class="citation web cs1">Cinko, Anthony (December 17, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usmobile.com/blog/frutiger-aero/">"What is Frutiger Aero? Uncovering the nostalgic 2000's aesthetic - US Mobile blog"</a>. <i>Prepaid GSM Carrier News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230401232946/https://www.usmobile.com/blog/frutiger-aero/">Archived</a> from the original on April 1, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 23,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Prepaid+GSM+Carrier+News&rft.atitle=What+is+Frutiger+Aero%3F+Uncovering+the+nostalgic+2000%27s+aesthetic+-+US+Mobile+blog&rft.date=2022-12-17&rft.aulast=Cinko&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usmobile.com%2Fblog%2Ffrutiger-aero%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindows+Aero" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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</ol></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Windows_Aero&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://social.technet.microsoft.com/wiki/contents/articles/2783.windows-7-aero-peek-feature.aspx">Windows 7 Aero Peek Feature</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/uxguide/guidelines">Microsoft Docs - Win32 Apps UX Guidelines</a></li></ul>
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.mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Microsoft_Windows_components" title="Template:Microsoft Windows components"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Microsoft_Windows_components" title="Template talk:Microsoft Windows components"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Microsoft_Windows_components" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Microsoft Windows components"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Microsoft_Windows_components" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Microsoft_Windows_components" title="List of Microsoft Windows components">Microsoft Windows components</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Microsoft_Windows_application_programming_interfaces_and_frameworks" title="List of Microsoft Windows application programming interfaces and frameworks">APIs</a></li>
<li>Architecture
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Architecture_of_Windows_9x" title="Architecture of Windows 9x">9x</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Architecture_of_Windows_NT" title="Architecture of Windows NT">NT</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Booting_process_of_Windows" title="Booting process of Windows">Booting process</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_games_included_with_Windows" title="List of games included with Windows">Games</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Management<br />tools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/App_Installer" title="App Installer">App Installer</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cmd.exe" title="Cmd.exe">Command Prompt</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Control_Panel_(Windows)" title="Control Panel (Windows)">Control Panel</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Device_Manager" title="Device Manager">Device Manager</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Disk_Cleanup" title="Disk Cleanup">Disk Cleanup</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Microsoft_Drive_Optimizer" title="Microsoft Drive Optimizer">Drive Optimizer</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Driver_Verifier" title="Driver Verifier">Driver Verifier</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/DirectX_Diagnostic_Tool" title="DirectX Diagnostic Tool">DirectX Diagnostic Tool</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Event_Viewer" title="Event Viewer">Event Viewer</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/IExpress" title="IExpress">IExpress</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Microsoft_Management_Console" title="Microsoft Management Console">Management Console</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Netsh" title="Netsh">Netsh</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Performance_Monitor" title="Performance Monitor">Performance Monitor</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Recovery_Console" title="Recovery Console">Recovery Console</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Resource_Monitor" title="Resource Monitor">Resource Monitor</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Settings_(Windows)" title="Settings (Windows)">Settings</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sysprep" title="Sysprep">Sysprep</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/MSConfig" title="MSConfig">System Configuration</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/System_File_Checker" title="System File Checker">System File Checker</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/System_Information_(Windows)" title="System Information (Windows)">System Information</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/System_Policy_Editor" title="System Policy Editor">System Policy Editor</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/System_Restore" title="System Restore">System Restore</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Task_Manager_(Windows)" title="Task Manager (Windows)">Task Manager</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_Error_Reporting" title="Windows Error Reporting">Windows Error Reporting</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_Ink" title="Windows Ink">Windows Ink</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_Installer" title="Windows Installer">Windows Installer</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/PowerShell" title="PowerShell">PowerShell</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_Update" title="Windows Update">Windows Update</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_Insider" title="Windows Insider">Windows Insider</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_Preinstallation_Environment#Windows_Recovery_Environment" title="Windows Preinstallation Environment">WinRE</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_Management_Instrumentation" title="Windows Management Instrumentation">WMI</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Application_software" title="Application software">Apps</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Microsoft_3D_Viewer" title="Microsoft 3D Viewer">3D Viewer</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_Clock" title="Windows Clock">Clock</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_Calculator" title="Windows Calculator">Calculator</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Calendar_(Windows)" title="Calendar (Windows)">Calendar</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_Camera" title="Windows Camera">Camera</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Character_Map_(Windows)" title="Character Map (Windows)">Character Map</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Clipchamp" title="Clipchamp">Clipchamp</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cortana_(virtual_assistant)" title="Cortana (virtual assistant)">Cortana</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Microsoft_Edge" title="Microsoft Edge">Edge</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_Fax_and_Scan" title="Windows Fax and Scan">Fax and Scan</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Feedback_Hub" title="Feedback Hub">Feedback Hub</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Get_Help" title="Get Help">Get Help</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Magnifier_(Windows)" title="Magnifier (Windows)">Magnifier</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mail_(Windows)" title="Mail (Windows)">Mail</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_Maps" title="Windows Maps">Maps</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Microsoft_Messaging" title="Microsoft Messaging">Messaging</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_Media_Player" title="Windows Media Player">Media Player</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_Media_Player_(2022)" title="Windows Media Player (2022)">2022</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Microsoft_Movies_%26_TV" title="Microsoft Movies & TV">Movies & TV</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_Mobility_Center" title="Windows Mobility Center">Mobility Center</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/MSN#Money" title="MSN">Money</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Narrator_(Windows)" title="Narrator (Windows)">Narrator</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_Notepad" title="Windows Notepad">Notepad</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/OneDrive" title="OneDrive">OneDrive</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Microsoft_OneNote" title="Microsoft OneNote">OneNote</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Microsoft_Paint" title="Microsoft Paint">Paint</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Paint_3D" title="Paint 3D">Paint 3D</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/People_(Windows)" title="People (Windows)">People</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Phone_Link" title="Phone Link">Phone Link</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Photos_(Windows)" title="Photos (Windows)">Photos</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Quick_Assist" title="Quick Assist">Quick Assist</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Remote_Desktop_Connection" class="mw-redirect" title="Remote Desktop Connection">Remote Desktop Connection</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Snipping_Tool" title="Snipping Tool">Snipping Tool</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_Speech_Recognition" title="Windows Speech Recognition">Speech Recognition</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Skype" title="Skype">Skype</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/MSN#Sports" title="MSN">Sports</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Microsoft_Start" title="Microsoft Start">Start</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sticky_Notes" title="Sticky Notes">Sticky Notes</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Microsoft_Store" title="Microsoft Store">Store</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Microsoft_Tips" title="Microsoft Tips">Tips</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sound_Recorder_(Windows)" title="Sound Recorder (Windows)">Voice Recorder</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/MSN#Weather" title="MSN">Weather</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/WordPad" title="WordPad">WordPad</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Xbox_(app)" title="Xbox (app)">Xbox</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_shell" title="Windows shell">Shell</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Action_Center" title="Action Center">Action Center</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Aero</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/AutoPlay" title="AutoPlay">AutoPlay</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/AutoRun" title="AutoRun">AutoRun</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/ClearType" title="ClearType">ClearType</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File_Explorer" title="File Explorer">Explorer</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_Search" title="Windows Search">Search</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Indexing_Service" title="Indexing Service">Indexing Service</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/IFilter" title="IFilter">IFilter</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Virtual_folder#Windows" title="Virtual folder">Saved search</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_Shell_namespace" title="Windows Shell namespace">Namespace</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special_folder" title="Special folder">Special folder</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Start_menu" title="Start menu">Start menu</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Taskbar" title="Taskbar">Taskbar</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Task_View" title="Task View">Task View</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_Spotlight" title="Windows Spotlight">Windows Spotlight</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_XP_visual_styles" title="Windows XP visual styles">Windows XP visual styles</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_service" title="Windows service">Services</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Service_Control_Manager" title="Service Control Manager">Service Control Manager</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Background_Intelligent_Transfer_Service" title="Background Intelligent Transfer Service">BITS</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Common_Log_File_System" title="Common Log File System">CLFS</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Multimedia_Class_Scheduler_Service" title="Multimedia Class Scheduler Service">Multimedia Class Scheduler</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shadow_Copy" title="Shadow Copy">Shadow Copy</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_Task_Scheduler" title="Windows Task Scheduler">Task Scheduler</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_Error_Reporting" title="Windows Error Reporting">Error Reporting</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wireless_Zero_Configuration" title="Wireless Zero Configuration">Wireless Zero Configuration</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File_system" title="File system">File systems</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISO_9660" title="ISO 9660">CDFS</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Distributed_File_System_(Microsoft)" title="Distributed File System (Microsoft)">DFS</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/ExFAT" title="ExFAT">exFAT</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Installable_File_System" title="Installable File System">IFS</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File_Allocation_Table" title="File Allocation Table">FAT</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/NTFS" title="NTFS">NTFS</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hard_link" title="Hard link">Hard link</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/NTFS_links" title="NTFS links">links</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/NTFS_volume_mount_point" title="NTFS volume mount point">Mount Point</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/NTFS_reparse_point" title="NTFS reparse point">Reparse point</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Transactional_NTFS" title="Transactional NTFS">TxF</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Encrypting_File_System" title="Encrypting File System">EFS</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/ReFS" title="ReFS">ReFS</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Universal_Disk_Format" title="Universal Disk Format">UDF</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Server_(computing)" title="Server (computing)">Server</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Active_Directory" title="Active Directory">Active Directory</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_domain" title="Windows domain">Domains</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Microsoft_DNS" title="Microsoft DNS">DNS</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Group_Policy" title="Group Policy">Group Policy</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Roaming_user_profile" title="Roaming user profile">Roaming user profiles</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Folder_redirection" title="Folder redirection">Folder redirection</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Microsoft_Distributed_Transaction_Coordinator" title="Microsoft Distributed Transaction Coordinator">Distributed Transaction Coordinator</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Microsoft_Message_Queuing" title="Microsoft Message Queuing">MSMQ</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_Media_Services" title="Windows Media Services">Windows Media Services</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Active_Directory_Rights_Management_Services" title="Active Directory Rights Management Services">Active DRM Services</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Microsoft_IIS" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft IIS">IIS</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_Server_Update_Services" title="Windows Server Update Services">WSUS</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/SharePoint" title="SharePoint">SharePoint</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Network_Access_Protection" title="Network Access Protection">Network Access Protection</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Microsoft_Personal_Web_Server" title="Microsoft Personal Web Server">PWS</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File_Replication_Service" title="File Replication Service">DFS Replication</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Print_Services_for_UNIX" title="Print Services for UNIX">Print Services for UNIX</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Remote_Desktop_Services" title="Remote Desktop Services">Remote Desktop Services</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Remote_Differential_Compression" title="Remote Differential Compression">Remote Differential Compression</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Remote_Installation_Services" title="Remote Installation Services">Remote Installation Services</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_Deployment_Services" title="Windows Deployment Services">Windows Deployment Services</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_System_Resource_Manager" title="Windows System Resource Manager">System Resource Manager</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hyper-V" title="Hyper-V">Hyper-V</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Server_Core" title="Server Core">Server Core</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Software_architecture" title="Software architecture">Architecture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_Boot_Manager" title="Windows Boot Manager">Boot Manager</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_Console" title="Windows Console">Console</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Client/Server_Runtime_Subsystem" title="Client/Server Runtime Subsystem">CSRSS</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Desktop_Window_Manager" title="Desktop Window Manager">Desktop Window Manager</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Portable_Executable" title="Portable Executable">Portable Executable</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/.exe" title=".exe">EXE</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dynamic-link_library" title="Dynamic-link library">DLL</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Enhanced_Write_Filter" title="Enhanced Write Filter">Enhanced Write Filter</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Graphics_Device_Interface" title="Graphics Device Interface">Graphics Device Interface</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Microsoft_Windows_library_files#Hardware_Abstraction_Layer" title="Microsoft Windows library files">Hardware Abstraction Layer</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/I/O_request_packet" title="I/O request packet">I/O request packet</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_Imaging_Format" title="Windows Imaging Format">Imaging Format</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kernel_Transaction_Manager" title="Kernel Transaction Manager">Kernel Transaction Manager</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Microsoft_Windows_library_files" title="Microsoft Windows library files">Library files</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Logical_Disk_Manager" title="Logical Disk Manager">Logical Disk Manager</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Local_Security_Authority_Subsystem_Service" title="Local Security Authority Subsystem Service">LSASS</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/MinWin" title="MinWin">MinWin</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/NTLDR" title="NTLDR">NTLDR</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ntoskrnl.exe" title="Ntoskrnl.exe">Ntoskrnl.exe</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Object_Manager_(Windows)" title="Object Manager (Windows)">Object Manager</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Open_XML_Paper_Specification" title="Open XML Paper Specification">Open XML Paper Specification</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_Registry" title="Windows Registry">Registry</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_Resource_Protection" title="Windows Resource Protection">Resource Protection</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Security_Account_Manager" title="Security Account Manager">Security Account Manager</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Server_Message_Block" title="Server Message Block">Server Message Block</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shadow_Copy" title="Shadow Copy">Shadow Copy</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Session_Manager_Subsystem" title="Session Manager Subsystem">SMSS</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/System_Idle_Process" title="System Idle Process">System Idle Process</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_USER" title="Windows USER">USER</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_Hardware_Error_Architecture" title="Windows Hardware Error Architecture">WHEA</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Winlogon" title="Winlogon">Winlogon</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/WinUSB" title="WinUSB">WinUSB</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Security</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Security_and_Maintenance" title="Security and Maintenance">Security and Maintenance</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/AppLocker" title="AppLocker">AppLocker</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/BitLocker" title="BitLocker">BitLocker</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Credential_Guard" title="Credential Guard">Credential Guard</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Data_Execution_Prevention" class="mw-redirect" title="Data Execution Prevention">Data Execution Prevention</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Microsoft_Defender_Antivirus" title="Microsoft Defender Antivirus">Defender</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Microsoft_family_features" title="Microsoft family features">Family features</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Kernel_Patch_Protection" title="Kernel Patch Protection">Kernel Patch Protection</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mandatory_Integrity_Control" title="Mandatory Integrity Control">Mandatory Integrity Control</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Protected_Media_Path" title="Protected Media Path">Protected Media Path</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/User_Account_Control" title="User Account Control">User Account Control</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/User_Interface_Privilege_Isolation" title="User Interface Privilege Isolation">User Interface Privilege Isolation</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_Firewall" title="Windows Firewall">Windows Firewall</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Compatibility</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/COMMAND.COM" title="COMMAND.COM">COMMAND.COM</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_Subsystem_for_Linux" title="Windows Subsystem for Linux">Windows Subsystem for Linux</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/WoW64" title="WoW64">WoW64</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/API" title="API">API</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Active_Scripting" title="Active Scripting">Active Scripting</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_Script_Host" title="Windows Script Host">WSH</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/VBScript" title="VBScript">VBScript</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/JScript" title="JScript">JScript</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Component_Object_Model" title="Component Object Model">COM</a>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/ActiveX" title="ActiveX">ActiveX</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/ActiveX_Document" title="ActiveX Document">ActiveX Document</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/COM_Structured_Storage" title="COM Structured Storage">COM Structured storage</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Distributed_Component_Object_Model" title="Distributed Component Object Model">DCOM</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Object_Linking_and_Embedding" title="Object Linking and Embedding">OLE</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/OLE_Automation" title="OLE Automation">OLE Automation</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Microsoft_Transaction_Server" title="Microsoft Transaction Server">Transaction Server</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/DirectX" title="DirectX">DirectX</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_Native_API" title="Windows Native API">Native</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/.NET" title=".NET">.NET</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Universal_Windows_Platform" title="Universal Windows Platform">Universal Windows Platform</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_API" title="Windows API">WinAPI</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_Mixed_Reality" title="Windows Mixed Reality">Windows Mixed Reality</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_Runtime" title="Windows Runtime">Windows Runtime</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/WinUSB" title="WinUSB">WinUSB</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Video_game" title="Video game">Games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Microsoft_Solitaire_Collection" title="Microsoft Solitaire Collection">Solitaire Collection</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Surf_(video_game)" title="Surf (video game)">Surf</a></i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discontinued</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Full_Tilt!_Pinball#3D_Pinball_for_Windows_–_Space_Cadet" title="Full Tilt! Pinball">3D Pinball</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Chess_Titans" title="Chess Titans">Chess Titans</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Microsoft_FreeCell" title="Microsoft FreeCell">FreeCell</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Microsoft_Hearts" title="Microsoft Hearts">Hearts</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/InkBall" title="InkBall">InkBall</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_Ultimate_Extras" title="Windows Ultimate Extras">Hold 'Em</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Purble_Place" title="Purble Place">Purble Place</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Microsoft_Spider_Solitaire" title="Microsoft Spider Solitaire">Spider Solitaire</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Microsoft_Solitaire" title="Microsoft Solitaire">Solitaire</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Microsoft_Tinker" title="Microsoft Tinker">Tinker</a></i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Apps</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/ActiveMovie" title="ActiveMovie">ActiveMovie</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_Anytime_Upgrade" title="Windows Anytime Upgrade">Anytime Upgrade</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_Address_Book" title="Windows Address Book">Address Book</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Backup_and_Restore" title="Backup and Restore">Backup and Restore</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cardfile" title="Cardfile">Cardfile</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_CardSpace" title="Windows CardSpace">CardSpace</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/CD_Player_(Windows)" title="CD Player (Windows)">CD Player</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_Chat" title="Windows Chat">Chat</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_Contacts" title="Windows Contacts">Contacts</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_Desktop_Gadgets" title="Windows Desktop Gadgets">Desktop Gadgets</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Microsoft_Diagnostics" title="Microsoft Diagnostics">Diagnostics</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/DriveSpace" title="DriveSpace">DriveSpace</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_DVD_Maker" title="Windows DVD Maker">DVD Maker</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_Easy_Transfer" title="Windows Easy Transfer">Easy Transfer</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Microsoft_Fax" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Fax">Fax</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/MSN_Food_%26_Drink" class="mw-redirect" title="MSN Food & Drink">Food & Drink</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Groove_Music" title="Groove Music">Groove Music</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Help_and_Support_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Help and Support Center">Help and Support Center</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/MSN_Health_%26_Fitness" class="mw-redirect" title="MSN Health & Fitness">Health & Fitness</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/HyperACCESS" title="HyperACCESS">HyperTerminal</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Imaging_for_Windows" title="Imaging for Windows">Imaging</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer">Internet Explorer</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_Journal" title="Windows Journal">Journal</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Make_Compatible" title="Make Compatible">Make Compatible</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_Media_Center" title="Windows Media Center">Media Center</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_Meeting_Space" title="Windows Meeting Space">Meeting Space</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_Messaging" title="Windows Messaging">Messaging</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_Messenger" title="Windows Messenger">Messenger</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_Mobile_Device_Center" title="Windows Mobile Device Center">Mobile Device Center</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_Movie_Maker" title="Windows Movie Maker">Movie Maker</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/MSN_Dial-up" title="MSN Dial-up">MSN Dial-up</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Microsoft_NetMeeting" title="Microsoft NetMeeting">NetMeeting</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/NTBackup" title="NTBackup">NTBackup</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Outlook_Express" title="Outlook Express">Outlook Express</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Microsoft_Pay" title="Microsoft Pay">Pay</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Phone_Companion" title="Phone Companion">Phone Companion</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_Photo_Gallery" title="Windows Photo Gallery">Photo Gallery</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_Photo_Viewer" title="Windows Photo Viewer">Photo Viewer</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Program_Manager" title="Program Manager">Program Manager</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Problem_Steps_Recorder" class="mw-redirect" title="Problem Steps Recorder">Steps Recorder</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Syskey" title="Syskey">Syskey</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Travel_(Windows)" class="mw-redirect" title="Travel (Windows)">Travel</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/WinHelp" title="WinHelp">WinHelp</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Microsoft_Write" title="Microsoft Write">Write</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Games_for_Windows" title="Games for Windows">Games for Windows</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Microsoft_ScanDisk" title="Microsoft ScanDisk">ScanDisk</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_File_Protection" title="Windows File Protection">File Protection</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Media_Control_Interface" title="Media Control Interface">Media Control Interface</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/MS-DOS_7" title="MS-DOS 7">MS-DOS 7</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Next-Generation_Secure_Computing_Base" title="Next-Generation Secure Computing Base">Next-Generation Secure Computing Base</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Microsoft_POSIX_subsystem" title="Microsoft POSIX subsystem">POSIX subsystem</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/High_Performance_File_System" title="High Performance File System">HPFS</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Interix" title="Interix">Interix</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Video_for_Windows" title="Video for Windows">Video for Windows</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Virtual_DOS_machine" title="Virtual DOS machine">Virtual DOS machine</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_on_Windows" title="Windows on Windows">Windows on Windows</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_SideShow" title="Windows SideShow">Windows SideShow</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_Services_for_UNIX" title="Windows Services for UNIX">Windows Services for UNIX</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_System_Assessment_Tool" title="Windows System Assessment Tool">Windows System Assessment Tool</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_To_Go" title="Windows To Go">Windows To Go</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/WinFS" title="WinFS">WinFS</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spun off to<br /><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Microsoft_Store" title="Microsoft Store">Microsoft Store</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/DVD_Player_(Windows)" title="DVD Player (Windows)">DVD Player</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Windows_File_Manager" title="Windows File Manager">File Manager</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hover!" title="Hover!">Hover!</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Microsoft_Mahjong" title="Microsoft Mahjong">Mahjong</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Microsoft_Minesweeper" title="Microsoft Minesweeper">Minesweeper</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>
<ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Category:Windows_components" title="Category:Windows components">Category</a></li>
<li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/List_of_Microsoft_Windows_components" title="List of Microsoft Windows components">List</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div>' |
Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node) | false |
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp) | '1721169717' |
