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==Events==
===Pre-1600===
*[[30 BC]] – [[Battle of Alexandria (30 BC)|Battle of Alexandria]]: [[Mark Antony]] achieves a minor victory over [[Augustus|Octavian]]'s forces, but most of his army subsequently deserts, leading to his suicide.
* [[781]] – The oldest recorded eruption of [[Mount Fuji]] (Traditional [[Japanese calendar|Japanese date]]: Sixth day of the seventh month of the first year of the Ten'o (天応) era).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://sakuya.vulcania.jp/koyama/public_html/Fuji/fujid/781.html |title=天応元年（781）噴火 |first=Masato |last=Koyama |publisher=[[Shizuoka University]] |website=Database of eruptions and other activities of Fuji Volcano, Japan, based on historical records since AD781 |language=ja |access-date=2021-07-29}}</ref>
*[[1009]] – [[Pope Sergius IV]] becomes the 142nd pope, succeeding [[Pope John XVIII]].
*[[1201]] – Attempted usurpation by [[John Komnenos the Fat]] for the throne of [[Alexios III Angelos]].
*[[1423]] – [[Hundred Years' War]]: [[Battle of Cravant]]: A Franco-Scottish army is defeated by the Anglo-Burgundians at Cravant on the banks of the river [[Yonne]].
*[[1451]] – [[Jacques Cœur]] is arrested by order of [[Charles VII of France]].
*[[1492]] – All remaining Jews are expelled from Spain when the [[Alhambra Decree]] takes effect.
*[[1498]] – On his third voyage to the Western Hemisphere, [[Christopher Columbus]] becomes the first European to discover the island of [[Trinidad]].
===1601–1900===
*[[1618]] – [[Maurice, Prince of Orange]] disbands the waardgelders militia in [[Utrecht]], a pivotal event in the [[Remonstrant]]/[[Counter-Remonstrant]] tensions.
*[[1655]] – [[Russo-Polish War (1654–67)]]: The Russian army enters the capital of the [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]], [[Vilnius]], which it holds for six years.
*[[1658]] – [[Aurangzeb]] is proclaimed [[Mughal Empire|Mughal emperor]] of India.
*[[1703]] – [[Daniel Defoe]] is placed in a [[pillory]] for the crime of [[seditious libel]] after publishing a politically satirical [[pamphlet]], but is pelted with flowers.
*[[1715]] – Seven days after a [[1715 Treasure Fleet|Spanish treasure fleet]] of 12 ships left [[Havana]], [[Cuba]] for Spain, 11 of them sink in a storm off the coast of [[Florida]]. A few centuries later, treasure is salvaged from these wrecks.
*[[1741]] – [[Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles Albert of Bavaria]] invades [[Upper Austria]] and [[Bohemia]].
*[[1763]] – [[Odawa]] Chief [[Pontiac (Ottawa leader)|Pontiac]]'s forces defeat British troops at the [[Battle of Bloody Run]] during [[Pontiac's War]].
*[[1777]] – The U.S. [[Second Continental Congress]] passes a resolution that the services of [[Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette]] "be accepted, and that, in consideration of his zeal, illustrious family and connexions, he have the rank and commission of major-general of the United States."
*[[1790]] – The first U.S. [[patent]] is issued, to inventor [[Samuel Hopkins (inventor)|Samuel Hopkins]] for a [[potash]] process.
*[[1856]] – [[Christchurch]], New Zealand is chartered as a city.
*[[1865]] – The first [[Narrow-gauge railway|narrow-gauge]] mainline railway in the world opens at [[Grandchester, Queensland]], Australia.
*[[1874]] – [[Patrick Francis Healy]] became the first [[African-American]] inaugurated as president of a predominantly white university, [[Georgetown University]].
===1901–present===
*[[1904]] – [[Russo-Japanese War]]: [[Battle of Hsimucheng]]: Units of the [[Imperial Japanese Army]] defeat units of the [[Imperial Russian Army]] in a strategic confrontation.
*[[1917]] – [[World War I]]: [[The Battle of Passchendaele]] begins near [[Ypres]] in [[West Flanders]], [[Belgium]].
*[[1932]] – The NSDAP ([[Nazi Party]]) wins more than 38% of the vote in [[German federal election, July 1932|German elections]].
*[[1938]] – [[Bulgaria]] signs a non-aggression pact with Greece and other states of Balkan Antanti ([[Turkey]], [[Romania]], [[Yugoslavia]]).
* 1938 – Archaeologists discover engraved [[gold]] and [[silver]] plates from King [[Darius I|Darius the Great]] in [[Persepolis]].
*[[1941]] – [[The Holocaust]]: Under instructions from [[Adolf Hitler]], [[Nazism|Nazi]] official [[Hermann Göring]] orders [[Schutzstaffel|SS]] General [[Reinhard Heydrich]] to "submit to me as soon as possible a general plan of the administrative material and financial measures necessary for carrying out the desired [[Final Solution]] of the [[Jews|Jewish]] question."
* 1941 – [[World War II]]: The [[Battle of Smolensk (1941)|Battle of Smolensk]] concludes with Germany capturing about 300,000 Soviet [[Red Army]] prisoners.<ref>{{cite book |last=Glantz |first=David M. |title=Barbarossa Derailed: The Battle for Smolensk 10 July – 10 September 1941 |publisher=Helion & Company |place=Solihull, England |year=2010 |isbn=978-1-906033-72-9 |page=576}}</ref>
*[[1945]] – [[Pierre Laval]], the fugitive former leader of [[Vichy France]], surrenders to [[Allies of World War II|Allied]] soldiers in Austria.
*[[1948]] – At Idlewild Field in New York, New York International Airport (later renamed [[John F. Kennedy International Airport]]) is dedicated.
* 1948 – {{USS|Nevada|BB-36|6}} is sunk by an aerial torpedo after surviving hits from two atomic bombs (as part of post-war tests) and being used for target practice by three other ships.
*[[1964]] – [[Ranger program]]: [[Ranger 7]] sends back the first close-up photographs of the [[moon]], with images 1,000 times clearer than anything ever seen from earth-bound [[telescope]]s.
*[[1966]] – The pleasure cruiser MV ''Darlwyne'' [[Loss of MV Darlwyne|disappeared]] off the [[Cornwall]] coast with the loss of all 31 aboard.<ref>{{cite book|last= Banks|first= Martin|title= The Mysterious Loss of the Darlwyne|publisher= Tamar Books|location= Exeter|year= 2014|isbn= 978-0-9574742-1-5 |pages=29–31, 47}}</ref>
*[[1970]] – [[Black Tot Day]]: The last day of the officially sanctioned [[Rum#Naval rum|rum ration]] in the [[Royal Navy]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://woodsrum.co.uk/black|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110902144546/http://woodsrum.co.uk/black|url-status=dead|title=Woods Rum, Black Tot Day|archivedate=September 2, 2011}}</ref>
*[[1971]] – [[Apollo program]]: the [[Apollo 15]] astronauts become the first to ride in a [[lunar rover]].
*[[1972]] – [[The Troubles]]: In [[Operation Motorman]], the British Army re-takes the urban [[no-go area]]s of [[Northern Ireland]]. It is the biggest British military operation since the [[Suez Crisis]] of 1956, and the biggest in Ireland since the [[Irish War of Independence]]. Later that day, nine civilians are [[Claudy bombing|killed by car bombs]] in the village of [[Claudy]].
*[[1973]] – A [[Delta Air Lines]] jetliner, flight [[Delta Air Lines Flight 723|DL 723]] crashes while landing in fog at [[Logan International Airport]], Boston, Massachusetts killing 89.
*[[1975]] – The Troubles: Three members of a popular cabaret band and two gunmen [[Miami Showband killings|are killed during a botched paramilitary attack]] in [[Northern Ireland]].
*[[1987]] – A [[Edmonton tornado|tornado]] occurs in [[Edmonton]], [[Alberta]], killing 27 people.
*[[1988]] – Thirty-two people are killed and 1,674 injured when a [[Sultan Abdul Halim ferry terminal bridge collapse|bridge at the Sultan Abdul Halim ferry terminal collapses]] in [[Butterworth, Penang]], [[Malaysia]].
*[[1991]] – The United States and [[Soviet Union]] both sign the [[START I]] Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty, the first to reduce (with verification) both countries' stockpiles.
*[[1992]] – The nation of [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] joins the [[United Nations]].
* 1992 – [[Thai Airways International Flight 311]] crashes into a mountain north of [[Kathmandu]], [[Nepal]] killing all 113 people on board.
* 1992 – [[China General Aviation Flight 7552]] crashes during takeoff from [[Nanjing Dajiaochang Airport]], killing 108.<ref name="asn2">{{Cite web |title=ASN Aircraft accident Yakovlev 42D B-2755 Nanking Airport (NKG) |url=https://asn.flightsafety.org/asndb/325482 |access-date=August 1, 2012 |website=Aviation Safety Network |publisher=[[Flight Safety Foundation]]}}</ref>
* 1992 – [[Space Shuttle program]]: [[Space Shuttle Atlantis|''Atlantis'']] is launched on [[STS-46]] to deploy the [[European Retrievable Carrier]] and the [[Space tether|Tethered Satellite System]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Ryba |first=Jeanne |date=March 31, 2010 |title=STS-46 |url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/archives/sts-46.html |access-date=February 9, 2022 |publisher=NASA}}</ref>
*[[1997]] – [[FedEx Express Flight 14]] crashes at [[Newark Liberty International Airport|Newark International Airport]], injuring five.<ref name="asn">{{Cite web |last=Ranter |first=Harro |title=ASN Aircraft accident McDonnell Douglas MD-11F N611FE Newark International Airport, NJ (EWR) |url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19970731-0 |access-date=2022-07-13 |website=aviation-safety.net |publisher=[[Aviation Safety Network]]}}</ref>
*[[1999]] – [[Discovery Program]]: ''[[Lunar Prospector]]'': [[NASA]] intentionally crashes the spacecraft into the Moon, thus ending its mission to detect frozen water on the Moon's surface.
*[[2006]] – [[Fidel Castro]] hands over power to his brother, [[Raúl Castro|Raúl]].
*[[2007]] – [[Operation Banner]], the presence of the British Army in [[Northern Ireland]], and the longest-running British Army operation ever, comes to an end.
*[[2008]] – [[East Coast Jets Flight 81]] crashes near [[Owatonna Degner Regional Airport]] in [[Owatonna, Minnesota]], killing all eight people on board.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ranter|first=Harro|title=ASN Aircraft accident British Aerospace BAe-125-800A N818MV Owatonna Airport, MN (OWA)|url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20080731-0|access-date=2020-07-25|website=aviation-safety.net|publisher=[[Aviation Safety Network]]}}</ref>
*[[2012]] – [[Michael Phelps]] breaks the record set in 1964 by [[Larisa Latynina]] for the [[List of multiple Olympic medalists|most medals won at the Olympics]].
*[[2014]] – [[2014 Kaohsiung gas explosions|Gas explosions]] in the southern Taiwanese city of [[Kaohsiung]] kill at least 20 people and injure more than 270.
==Births==
===Pre-1600===
*[[1143]] – [[Emperor Nijō]] of Japan (d. 1165)
*[[1396]] – [[Philip III, Duke of Burgundy]] (d. 1467)
*[[1526]] – [[Augustus, Elector of Saxony]] (d. 1586)
*[[1527]] – [[Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor]] (d. 1576)
*[[1595]] – [[Philipp Wolfgang, Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg]] (d. 1641)
*[[1598]] – [[Alessandro Algardi]], Italian sculptor (d. 1654)
===1601–1900===
*[[1686]] – [[Charles, Duke of Berry (1686–1714)|Charles of France, Duke of Berry]] (d. 1714)
*[[1702]] – [[Jean Denis Attiret]], French missionary and painter (d. 1768)
*[[1704]] – [[Gabriel Cramer]], Swiss mathematician and physicist (d. 1752)
*[[1718]] – [[John Canton]], English physicist and academic (d. 1772)
*[[1724]] – [[Noël François de Wailly]], French lexicographer and author (d. 1801)
*[[1759]] – [[Ignaz Anton von Indermauer]], Austrian nobleman and government official (d. 1796)
*[[1777]] – [[Pedro Ignacio de Castro Barros]], Argentinian priest and politician (d. 1849)
*[[1796]] – [[Jean-Gaspard Deburau]], Czech-French actor and mime (d. 1846)
*[[1800]] – [[Friedrich Wöhler]], German chemist and academic (d. 1882)
*[[1803]] – [[John Ericsson]], Swedish-American engineer, co-designed the [[USS Princeton (1843)|USS Princeton]] and the [[Novelty (locomotive)|Novelty Locomotive]] (d. 1889)
*[[1816]] – [[George Henry Thomas]], American general (d. 1870)
*[[1826]] – [[Juhani Aataminpoika]], Finnish serial killer (d. 1854)<ref>{{cite book| author=Teemu Keskisarja | title=Suomen ainoa sarjamurhaaja. Juhani Adaminpojan rikos ja rangaistus | location=Jyväskylä | publisher=Atena | year=2008 | isbn= 978-951-796-538-5 | language=fi}}</ref>
* 1826 – [[William S. Clark]], American colonel and politician (d. 1886)
*[[1835]] – [[Henri Brisson]], French lawyer and politician, 50th [[Prime Minister of France]] (d. 1912)
* 1835 – [[Paul Du Chaillu]], French-American anthropologist and explorer (d. 1903)<ref>{{cite journal |title=Obituary: Paul Du Chaillu |journal=Bulletin of the American Geographical Society |date=1903 |volume=35 |issue=2 |page=230 |jstor=198773 |issn=0190-5929}}</ref>
*[[1836]] – [[Vasily Sleptsov]], Russian author and activist (d. 1878)
*[[1837]] – [[William Quantrill]], American captain (d. 1865)
*[[1839]] – [[Ignacio Andrade]], Venezuelan general and politician, 25th [[President of Venezuela]] (d. 1925)
*[[1843]] – [[Peter Rosegger]], Austrian poet and author (d. 1918)
*[[1847]] – [[Ignacio Cervantes]], Cuban pianist and composer (d. 1905)
*[[1854]] – [[José Canalejas y Méndez|José Canalejas]], Spanish academic and politician, [[Prime Minister of Spain]] (d. 1912)
* 1854 – [[Arthur Barclay]], 15th president of Liberia (d. 1938)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dunn|first1= Elwood D.|last2=Beyan|first2=Amos J.|last3=Burrowes|first3=Carl Patrick|author-link= |date=2000|title=Historical Dictionary of Liberia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qt0_RrW8ghkC|location=Lanham, Maryland|publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=9781461659310|page=33}}</ref>
*[[1858]] – [[Richard Dixon Oldham]], English seismologist and geologist (d. 1936)
* 1858 – [[Marion Talbot]], influential American educator (d. 1948)
*[[1860]] – [[Mary Vaux Walcott]], American painter and illustrator (d. 1940)
*[[1867]] – [[S. S. Kresge]], American businessman, founded [[Kmart (United States)|Kmart]] (d. 1966)
*[[1875]] – [[Jacques Villon]], French painter (d. 1963)
*[[1877]] – [[Louisa Bolus]], South African botanist and taxonomist (d. 1970)<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K9FkFg5ogZAC&q=Louisa+Bolus+1877&pg=PA32|title=Ladies in the Laboratory III: South African, Australian, New Zealand, and Canadian Women in Science: Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries|last1=Creese|first1=Mary R. S.|last2=Creese|first2=Thomas M.|date=2010|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=9780810872899|pages=17|language=en}}</ref>
*[[1880]] – [[Premchand]], Indian author and playwright (d. 1936)
*[[1883]] – [[Ramón Fonst]], Cuban fencer (d. 1959)
*[[1884]] – [[Carl Friedrich Goerdeler]], Polish-German economist and politician (d. 1945)
*[[1886]] – [[Salvatore Maranzano]], Italian-American mob boss (d. 1931)
* 1886 – [[Fred Quimby]], American animation producer (d. 1965)
*[[1887]] – [[Hans Freyer]], German sociologist and philosopher (d. 1969)
*[[1892]] – [[Herbert W. Armstrong]], American evangelist and publisher, founded [[Worldwide Church of God]] (d. 1986)
* 1892 – [[Joseph Charbonneau]], Canadian archbishop (d. 1959)
*[[1894]] – [[Fred Keenor]], Welsh footballer (d. 1972)
===1901–present===
*[[1901]] – [[Jean Dubuffet]], French painter and sculptor (d. 1985)
*[[1902]] – [[Gubby Allen]], Australian-English cricketer and soldier (d. 1989)
*[[1904]] – [[Brett Halliday]], American engineer, surveyor, and author (d. 1977)
*[[1909]] – [[Erik von Kuehnelt-Leddihn]], Austrian theorist and author (d. 1999)
*[[1911]] – [[George Liberace]], American violinist (d. 1983)
*[[1912]] – [[Bill Brown (cricketer)|Bill Brown]], Australian cricketer (d. 2008)
* 1912 – [[Milton Friedman]], American economist and academic, [[Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. 2006)
* 1912 – [[Irv Kupcinet]], American football player and journalist (d. 2003)
*[[1913]] – [[Bryan Hextall]], Canadian ice hockey player (d. 1984)
*[[1914]] – [[Paul J. Christiansen]], American conductor and composer (d. 1997)
* 1914 – [[Mario Bava]], Italian director and screenwriter (d. 1980)<ref>{{cite book|last=Howarth|first=Troy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ac9VDwAAQBAJ&q=july+31|title=The Haunted World of Mario Bava|date=2002|publisher=BearManor Media|language=en}}</ref>
* 1914 – [[Louis de Funès]], French actor and screenwriter (d. 1983)
*[[1916]] – [[Sibte Hassan]], Pakistani journalist, scholar, and activist (d. 1986)
* 1916 – [[Billy Hitchcock]], American baseball player, coach, and manager (d. 2006)
* 1916 – [[Bill Todman]], American screenwriter and producer (d. 1979)
*[[1918]] – [[Paul D. Boyer]], American biochemist and academic, [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. 2018)
* 1918 – [[Hank Jones]], American pianist, composer, and bandleader (d. 2010)
* 1918 – [[Frank Renouf]], New Zealand businessman and financier (d. 1998)
*[[1919]] – [[Hemu Adhikari]], Indian cricketer (d. 2003)
* 1919 – [[Curt Gowdy]], American sportscaster and actor (d. 2006)
* 1919 – [[Primo Levi]], Italian chemist and author (d. 1987)
*[[1920]] – [[James E. Faust]], American religious leader, lawyer, and politician (d. 2007)
*[[1921]] – [[Peter Benenson]], English lawyer and activist, founded [[Amnesty International]] (d. 2005)
* 1921 – [[Donald Malarkey]], American sergeant and author (d. 2017)<ref>{{cite news|title=Obituary: Donald George Malarkey|date=October 3, 2017|newspaper=[[The Daily Astorian]]|url=http://www.dailyastorian.com/obituaries/20171003/obituary-donald-george-malarkey |access-date=2017-10-07}}</ref>
* 1921 – [[Whitney Young]], American activist (d. 1971)
*[[1922]] – [[Hank Bauer]], American baseball player and manager (d. 2007)
*[[1923]] – [[Ahmet Ertegun]], Turkish-American songwriter and producer, founded [[Atlantic Records]] (d. 2006)
* 1923 – [[Stephanie Kwolek]], American chemist and engineer, invented [[Kevlar]] (d. 2014)
*[[1924]] – [[Jimmy Evert]], American tennis player and coach (d. 2015)
*[[1925]] – [[Carmel Quinn]], Irish singer, actress and writer (d. 2021)
* 1925 – [[John Swainson]], Canadian-American jurist and politician, 42nd [[Governor of Michigan]] (d. 1994)
*[[1926]] – [[Bernard Nathanson]], American physician and activist (d. 2011)
* 1926 – [[Hilary Putnam]], American mathematician, computer scientist, and philosopher (d. 2016)
*[[1927]] – [[Peter Nichols (playwright)|Peter Nichols]], English author and playwright (d. 2019)
*[[1928]] – [[Bill Frenzel]], American lieutenant and politician (d. 2014)
*[[1929]] – [[Lynne Reid Banks]], English author (d. 2024)
* 1929 – [[Gilles Carle]], Canadian director and screenwriter (d. 2009)
* 1929 – [[Don Murray (actor)|Don Murray]], American actor (d. 2024)
* 1929 – [[José Santamaría]], Uruguayan footballer and manager
*[[1931]] – [[Nick Bollettieri]], American tennis player and coach (d. 2022)
* 1931 – [[Kenny Burrell]], American singer-songwriter and guitarist
*[[1932]] – [[Ted Cassidy]], American actor and screenwriter (d. 1979)
* 1932 – [[John Searle]], American philosopher and academic
*[[1933]] – [[Cees Nooteboom]], Dutch journalist, author, and poet
*[[1935]] – [[Yvon Deschamps]], Canadian comedian, actor, and producer
* 1935 – [[Geoffrey Lewis (actor)|Geoffrey Lewis]], American actor and screenwriter (d. 2015)
*[[1939]] – [[Steuart Bedford]], English pianist and conductor (d. 2021)
* 1939 – [[Susan Flannery]], American actress
* 1939 – [[France Nuyen]], Vietnamese-French actress
*[[1941]] – [[Amarsinh Chaudhary]], Indian politician, 8th [[Chief Minister of Gujarat]] (d. 2004)
*[[1943]] – [[William Bennett]], American journalist and politician, 3rd [[United States Secretary of Education]]
* 1943 – [[Lobo (musician)|Lobo]], American singer-songwriter and guitarist
*[[1944]] – [[Geraldine Chaplin]], American actress and screenwriter
* 1944 – [[Jonathan Dimbleby]], English journalist and author
* 1944 – [[Sherry Lansing]], American film producer
* 1944 – [[Robert C. Merton]], American economist and academic, [[Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences|Nobel Prize]] laureate
* 1944 – [[David Norris (politician)|David Norris]], Irish scholar and politician
*[[1945]] – [[William Weld]], American lawyer and politician, 68th [[Governor of Massachusetts]]
*[[1946]] – [[Gary Lewis (musician)|Gary Lewis]], American pop-rock musician
*[[1947]] – [[Karl Green]], English bass player and songwriter
* 1947 – [[Richard Griffiths]], English actor (d. 2013)
* 1947 – [[Mumtaz (Indian actress)|Mumtaz]], Indian actress
* 1947 – [[Hubert Védrine]], French politician, [[List of Foreign Ministers of France|French Minister of Foreign Affairs]]
* 1947 – [[Ian Beck]], English children's illustrator and author
*[[1948]] – [[Russell Morris]], Australian singer-songwriter and guitarist
*[[1949]] – [[Mike Jackson (basketball)|Mike Jackson]], American basketball player
* 1949 – [[Alan Meale]], English journalist and politician
*[[1950]] – [[Richard Berry (actor)|Richard Berry]], French actor, director, and screenwriter
*[[1951]] – [[Evonne Goolagong Cawley]], Australian tennis player
*[[1952]] – [[Chris Ahrens (ice hockey)|Chris Ahrens]], American ice hockey player
* 1952 – [[Alan Autry]], American football player, actor, and politician, 23rd [[Mayor of Fresno, California]]
* 1952 – [[Helmuts Balderis]], Latvian ice hockey player and coach
* 1952 – [[João Barreiros]], Portuguese author and critic
* 1952 – [[Faye Kellerman]], American author
*[[1953]] – [[Ted Baillieu]], Australian architect and politician, 46th [[Premier of Victoria]]
* 1953 – [[Jimmy Cook]], South African cricketer and coach
* 1953 – [[Hugh McDowell]], English cellist (d. 2018)
*[[1954]] – [[Derek Smith (ice hockey, born 1954)|Derek Smith]], Canadian ice hockey player
*[[1956]] – [[Michael Biehn]], American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
* 1956 – [[Bill Callahan (American football)|Bill Callahan]], American football player and coach
* 1956 – [[Ron Kuby]], American lawyer and radio host
* 1956 – [[Deval Patrick]], American lawyer and politician, 71st [[Governor of Massachusetts]]
* 1956 – [[Lynne Rae Perkins]], American author and illustrator
*[[1957]] – [[Daniel Ash]], English singer-songwriter and guitarist
* 1957 – [[Mark Thompson (media executive)|Mark Thompson]], English business executive
*[[1958]] – [[Bill Berry]], American drummer and songwriter
* 1958 – [[Mark Cuban]], American businessman and television personality
* 1958 – [[Suzanne Giraud]], French music editor and composer
*[[1959]] – [[Stanley Jordan]], American guitarist, pianist, and songwriter
* 1959 – [[Andrew Marr]], Scottish journalist and author
* 1959 – [[Kim Newman]], English journalist and author
*[[1960]] – [[Dale Hunter]], Canadian ice hockey player and coach
* 1960 – [[Malcolm Ross (musician)|Malcolm Ross]], Scottish guitarist and songwriter
*[[1961]] – [[Frank Gardner (journalist)|Frank Gardner]], English captain and journalist
* 1961 – [[Sanusi Lamido Sanusi]], Nigerian banker, royal
*[[1962]] – [[John Chiang (California politician)|John Chiang]], American lawyer and politician, 31st [[California State Controller]]
* 1962 – [[Kevin Greene]], American football player and coach (d. 2020)
* 1962 – [[Wesley Snipes]], American actor and producer
*[[1963]] – [[Norman Cook|Norman Cook (Fatboy Slim)]], English DJ and musician
* 1963 – [[Fergus Henderson]], English chef and author
* 1963 – [[Brian Skrudland]], Canadian ice hockey player and coach
*[[1964]] – [[Jim Corr]], Irish singer-songwriter and guitarist
* 1964 – [[Urmas Hepner]], Estonian footballer and coach
*[[1965]] – [[Scott Brooks]], American basketball player and coach
* 1965 – [[John Laurinaitis]], American wrestler and producer
* 1965 – [[Ian Roberts (rugby league)|Ian Roberts]], English-Australian rugby league player and actor
* 1965 – [[J. K. Rowling]], English author and film producer
*[[1966]] – [[Dean Cain]], American actor, producer, and screenwriter
*[[1967]] – [[Tony Massenburg]], American basketball player
* 1967 – [[Tim Wright (Welsh musician)|Tim Wright]], Welsh composer
*[[1968]] – [[Saeed-Al-Saffar]], Emirati cricketer
* 1968 – [[Julian Richards (director)|Julian Richards]], Welsh director and producer
*[[1969]] – [[Antonio Conte]], Italian footballer and manager
* 1969 – [[Loren Dean]], American actor
* 1969 – [[Kenneth D. Schisler]], American lawyer and politician
*[[1970]] – [[Ahmad Akbarpour]], Iranian author and poet
* 1970 – [[Ben Chaplin]], English actor
* 1970 – [[Andrzej Kobylański]], Polish footballer and manager
* 1970 – [[Giorgos Sigalas]], Greek basketball player, coach, and sportscaster
*[[1971]] – [[Gus Frerotte]], American football player and coach
*[[1973]] – [[Nathan Brown (rugby league born 1973)|Nathan Brown]], Australian rugby league player and coach
*[[1974]] – [[Emilia Fox]], English actress<ref>{{cite web|title=Emilia Fox: A long line of theatrical Emila used to be a childminder in her spare time before taking up acting ancestors...|url=http://www.thegenealogist.co.uk/featuredarticles/2011/who-do-you-think-you-are/emilia-fox-65/|publisher=The Genealogist|access-date=19 December 2017|date=20 September 2011}}</ref>
* 1974 – [[Leona Naess]], American-English singer-songwriter and guitarist
* 1974 – [[Jonathan Ogden]], American football player
*[[1975]] – [[Randy Flores]], American baseball player and coach
* 1975 – [[Andrew Hall]], South African cricketer
* 1975 – [[Gabe Kapler]], American baseball player and manager
*[[1976]] – [[Joshua Cain]], American guitarist and producer
* 1976 – [[Paulo Wanchope]], Costa Rican footballer and manager
*[[1978]] – [[Zac Brown Band|Zac Brown]], American country singer-songwriter and guitarist
* 1978 – [[Will Champion]], English drummer ([[Coldplay]])<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=Latest Coldplay News |url=https://www.capitalfm.com/artists/coldplay/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227022423/https://www.capitalfm.com/artists/coldplay/ |archive-date=27 February 2023 |access-date=27 February 2023 |website=Capital FM |type=Press the "View More" button on the "Facts" column}}</ref>
* 1978 – [[Nick Sorensen]], American football player and sportscaster
* 1978 – [[Justin Wilson (racing driver)|Justin Wilson]], English race car driver (d. 2015)
*[[1979]] – [[Jaco Erasmus]], South African-Italian rugby player
* 1979 – [[J. J. Furmaniak]], American baseball player
* 1979 – [[Per Krøldrup]], Danish footballer
* 1979 – [[Carlos Marchena]], Spanish footballer
* 1979 – [[B. J. Novak]], American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
*[[1980]] – [[Mikko Hirvonen]], Finnish race car driver
* 1980 – [[Mils Muliaina]], New Zealand rugby player
*[[1981]] – [[Titus Bramble]], English footballer
* 1981 – [[Vernon Carey]], American football player
* 1981 – [[Paul Whatuira]], New Zealand rugby league player
*[[1982]] – [[Anabel Medina Garrigues]], Spanish tennis player
* 1982 – [[DeMarcus Ware]], American football player
*[[1985]] – [[Daniel Ciofani]], Italian footballer
* 1985 – [[Rémy Di Gregorio]], French cyclist
*[[1986]] – [[Evgeni Malkin]], Russian ice hockey player
* 1986 – [[Brian Orakpo]], American football player
*[[1987]] – [[Michael Bradley (soccer)|Michael Bradley]], American soccer player
*[[1988]] – [[Alex Glenn]], New Zealand rugby league player
* 1988 – [[A. J. Green]], American football player<ref>{{cite web |title=A.J. Green |url=https://www.espn.com/nfl/player/_/id/13983 |publisher=[[ESPN]] |access-date=30 July 2023}}</ref>
*[[1989]] – [[Victoria Azarenka]], Belorussian tennis player
*[[1991]] – [[Réka Luca Jani]], Hungarian tennis player
*[[1992]] – [[José Fernández (pitcher)|José Fernández]], Cuban-American baseball player (d. 2016)
* 1992 – [[Ryan Johansen]], Canadian ice hockey player
* 1992 – [[Kyle Larson]], American race car driver
*[[1993]] – [[Linus Ullmark]], Swedish professional hockey player <ref>{{Cite web |title=Linus Ullmark Stats And News |url=https://www.nhl.com/bruins/player/linus-ullmark-8476999 |access-date=2023-09-22 |website=www.nhl.com |language=en}}</ref>
*[[1995]] – [[Lil Uzi Vert]], American hip hop artist
*[[1998]] – [[Rico Rodriguez (actor)|Rico Rodriguez]], American actor<ref>{{cite web |last1=Nesvig |first1=Kara |title=Ariel Winter Celebrates Rico Rodriguez's Birthday on Instagram |url=https://www.teenvogue.com/story/ariel-winter-celebrates-rico-rodriguez-birthday |publisher=[[Teen Vogue]] |access-date=31 October 2022 |date=1 August 2018}}</ref>
*[[2002]] – [[João Gomes (singer)|João Gomes]], Brazilian singer<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-09 |title=Aos 18 anos, João Gomes se torna a maior estrela viral da música brasileira com voz grave e ajuda das danças |url=https://oglobo.globo.com/cultura/aos-18-anos-joao-gomes-se-torna-maior-estrela-viral-da-musica-brasileira-com-voz-grave-ajuda-das-dancas-25098601 |access-date=2022-08-02 |website=O Globo |language=pt-BR}}</ref>
* 2002 – [[Will Penisini]], Australian-Tongan rugby league player<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rugbyleagueproject.org/players/will-penisini/summary.html|title=Career Stats & Summary - Rugby League Project|website=Rugbyleagueproject.org}}</ref>
*[[2003]] – [[Calvin Ramsay]], Scottish footballer<ref>{{cite web |title=Calvin Ramsay |url=https://www.premierleague.com/players/125829/Calvin-Ramsay/overview |publisher=Premier League |access-date=26 October 2023}}</ref>
<!--Do not add yourself or people without Wikipedia articles to this list. Do not rely on "this year in history" websites for accurate date information. Do not add fictional characters to this list. Do not link multiple occurrences of the same year; just link the first occurrence. -->
==Deaths==
===Pre-1600===
*[[54 BC]] – [[Aurelia Cotta]], Roman mother of [[Gaius Julius Caesar]] (b. 120 BC)
* [[450]] – [[Peter Chrysologus]], Italian bishop and saint (b. 380)
* [[910]] – [[Feng Xingxi]], Chinese warlord
* [[975]] – [[Fu Yanqing]], Chinese general (b. 898)
*[[1098]] – [[Hugh of Montgomery, 2nd Earl of Shrewsbury]]
*[[1358]] – [[Étienne Marcel]], French rebel leader (b. 1302)
*[[1396]] – [[William Courtenay]], English archbishop and politician, [[Lord Chancellor|Lord Chancellor of the United Kingdom]] (b. 1342)
*[[1508]] – [[Na'od]], Ethiopian emperor
*[[1556]] – [[Ignatius of Loyola]], Spanish priest and theologian, founded the [[Society of Jesus]] (b. 1491)
===1601–1900===
*[[1616]] – [[Roger Wilbraham]], Solicitor-General for Ireland (b. 1553)
*[[1638]] – [[Sibylla Schwarz]], German poet (b. 1621)
*[[1653]] – [[Thomas Dudley]], English soldier and politician, 3rd [[Governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony]] (b. 1576)
*[[1693]] – [[Willem Kalf]], Dutch still life painter (b. 1619)
*[[1726]] – [[Nicolaus II Bernoulli]], Swiss mathematician and theorist (b. 1695)
*[[1750]] – [[John V of Portugal|John V]], king of Portugal (b. 1689)
*[[1762]] – [[Luis Vicente de Velasco e Isla]], Spanish sailor and commander (b. 1711)
*[[1781]] – [[John Bligh, 3rd Earl of Darnley]], British parliamentarian (b. 1719)
*[[1784]] – [[Denis Diderot]], French philosopher and critic (b. 1713)
*[[1805]] – [[Dheeran Chinnamalai]], Indian soldier (b. 1756)
*[[1864]] – [[Louis Christophe François Hachette]], French publisher (b. 1800)
*[[1875]] – [[Andrew Johnson]], American general and politician, 17th [[President of the United States]] (b. 1808)
*[[1884]] – [[Kiến Phúc]], Vietnamese emperor (b. 1869)
*[[1886]] – [[Franz Liszt]], Hungarian pianist, composer, and conductor (b. 1811)
*[[1891]] – [[Jean-Baptiste Capronnier]], Belgian stained glass painter (b. 1814)
===1901–present===
*[[1913]] – [[John Milne]], British geologist and mining engineer. (b. 1850)
*[[1914]] – [[Jean Jaurès]], French journalist and politician (b. 1859)
*[[1917]] – [[Francis Ledwidge]], Irish soldier and poet (b. 1881)
* 1917 – [[Hedd Wyn]], Welsh language poet (b. 1887)
*[[1920]] – [[Ion Dragoumis]], Greek philosopher and diplomat (b. 1878)
*[[1940]] – [[Udham Singh]], Indian activist (b. 1899)<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bhattacharjee |first1=Yudhijit |title=Twenty Years After a Brutal Massacre, It's Payback Time |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/25/books/review/patient-assassin-anita-anand.html |access-date=26 July 2020 |work=The New York Times |date=25 June 2019}}</ref>
*[[1942]] – [[Francis Younghusband]], [[British Army]] Officer, [[explorer]] and spiritual writer (b. 1863)
*[[1943]] – [[Hedley Verity]], English cricketer and soldier (b. 1905)
*[[1944]] – [[Antoine de Saint-Exupéry]], French pilot and poet (b. 1900)
*[[1951]] – [[Cho Ki-chon]], North Korean poet (b. 1913)<ref>{{cite book|last=Gabroussenko|first=Tatiana|title=Soldiers on the Cultural Front: Developments in the Early History of North Korean Literature and Literary Policy|year=2010|publisher=University of Hawai'i Press|isbn=978-0-8248-3396-1 |pages=56, 58, 85}}</ref>
*[[1953]] – [[Robert A. Taft]], American soldier and politician (b. 1889)
*[[1954]] – [[Onofre Marimón]], Argentinian race car driver (b. 1923)
*[[1958]] – [[Eino Kaila]], Finnish philosopher and psychologist, attendant of the Vienna circle (b. 1890)
*[[1964]] – [[Jim Reeves]], American singer-songwriter (b. 1923)
*[[1966]] – [[Bud Powell]], American pianist (b. 1924)
*[[1968]] – [[Jack Pizzey]], Australian politician, 29th [[Premier of Queensland]] (b. 1911)
*[[1971]] – [[Walter P. Carter]], American soldier and activist (b. 1923)
*[[1972]] – [[Paul-Henri Spaak]], Belgian politician, 40th [[Prime Minister of Belgium]], 1st [[President of the United Nations General Assembly]] (b. 1899)<ref>{{cite news |last1=McFadden |first1=Robert D. |title=Paul-Henri Spaak Is Dead at 73; An Architect of European Unity |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1972/08/01/archives/paulhenri-spaak-is-dead-at-73-an-architect-of-european-unity-spaak.html |access-date=26 July 2020 |work=The New York Times |date=1 August 1972}}</ref>
*[[1973]] – [[Azumafuji Kin'ichi]], Japanese sumo wrestler, the 40th [[Makuuchi#Yokozuna|Yokozuna]] (b. 1921)
*[[1979]] – [[Beatrix Lehmann]], English actress and director (b. 1903)
*[[1980]] – [[Pascual Jordan]], German physicist, author, and academic (b. 1902)
* 1980 – [[Mohammed Rafi]], Indian [[playback singer]] (b. 1924)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.culturalindia.net/indian-music/indian-singers/rafi.html|title=All About Mohammad Rafi!|website=Culturalindia.net|access-date=30 July 2018}}</ref>
*[[1981]] – [[Omar Torrijos]], Panamanian general and politician, [[List of heads of state of Panama|Military Leader of Panama]] (b. 1929)
*[[1985]] – [[Eugene Carson Blake]], American religious leader (b. 1906)
*[[1986]] – [[Chiune Sugihara]], Japanese diplomat (b. 1900)
*[[1987]] – [[Joseph E. Levine]], American film producer (b, 1905)
*[[1990]] – [[Albert Leduc]], Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1902)
*[[1992]] – [[Leonard Cheshire]], English captain and pilot (b. 1917)
*[[1993]] – [[Baudouin of Belgium|Baudouin]], King of Belgium (b. 1930)<ref>{{cite news |last1=Lyons |first1=Richard D. |title=Baudouin I, King of Belgium, Dies at 62 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/08/01/obituaries/baudouin-i-king-of-belgium-dies-at-62.html |access-date=27 July 2020 |work=The New York Times |date=1 August 1993}}</ref>
*[[2000]] – [[William Keepers Maxwell Jr.]], American editor, novelist, short story writer, and essayist (b. 1908)
*[[2001]] – [[Francisco da Costa Gomes]], Portuguese general and politician, 15th [[President of Portugal]] (b. 1914)
* 2001 – [[Friedrich Franz, Hereditary Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin]] (b. 1910)
*[[2003]] – [[Guido Crepax]], Italian author and illustrator (b. 1933)
*[[2004]] – [[Virginia Grey]], American actress (b. 1917)
*[[2005]] – [[Wim Duisenberg]], Dutch economist and politician, 1st [[President of the European Central Bank]] (b. 1935)
*[[2009]] – [[Bobby Robson]], English footballer and manager (b. 1933)
* 2009 – [[Harry Alan Towers]], English-Canadian screenwriter and producer (b. 1920)
*[[2012]] – [[Mollie Hunter]], Scottish author and playwright (b. 1922)
* 2012 – [[Alfredo Ramos (Brazilian footballer)|Alfredo Ramos]], Brazilian footballer and coach (b. 1924)
* 2012 – [[Gore Vidal]], American novelist, screenwriter, and critic (b. 1925)
* 2012 – [[Tony Sly]], American musician, singer-songwriter (b. 1970)
*[[2013]] – [[Michael Ansara]], Syrian-American actor (b. 1922)
* 2013 – [[Michel Donnet]], English-Belgian general and pilot (b. 1917)
* 2013 – [[John Graves (author)|John Graves]], American captain and author (b. 1920)
* 2013 – [[Trevor Storer]], English businessman, founded [[Pukka Pies]] (b. 1930)
*[[2014]] – [[Warren Bennis]], American scholar, author, and academic (b. 1925)
* 2014 – [[Nabarun Bhattacharya]], Indian journalist and author (b. 1948)
* 2014 – [[Jeff Bourne]], English footballer (b. 1948)
* 2014 – [[Wilfred Feinberg]], American lawyer and judge (b. 1920)
*[[2015]] – [[Alan Cheuse]], American writer and critic (b. 1940)
* 2015 – [[Howard W. Jones]], American surgeon and academic (b. 1910)
* 2015 – [[Billy Pierce]], American baseball player and sportscaster (b. 1927)
* 2015 – [[Roddy Piper]], Canadian wrestler and actor (b. 1954)
* 2015 – [[Richard Schweiker]], American soldier and politician, 14th [[United States Secretary of Health and Human Services]] (b. 1926)
*[[2016]] – [[Chiyonofuji Mitsugu]], Japanese sumo wrestler, the 58th [[Makuuchi#Yokozuna|Yokozuna]] (b. 1955)<ref name="tributes">{{cite web|url=http://www.japantimes.co.jp/sports/2016/08/01/sumo/sumo-wrestlers-pay-tribute-chiyonofuji/#.V59slk32Yy9|title=Sumo wrestlers pay tribute to Chiyonofuji|date=1 August 2016|publisher=Japan Times|access-date=1 August 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.japantimes.co.jp/sports/2016/07/31/sumo/sumo-icon-chiyonofuji-dies-61/|title=Sumo icon Chiyonofuji dies at 61|date=31 July 2016|via=Japan Times Online}}</ref>
* 2016 – [[Seymour Papert]], South African mathematician (b. 1928)<ref name="MITobit">{{cite web|title=Professor Emeritus Seymour Papert, pioneer of constructionist learning, dies at 88|url=https://news.mit.edu/2016/seymour-papert-pioneer-of-constructionist-learning-dies-0801|website=MIT News|publisher=Massachusetts Institute of Technology|access-date=2016-08-03|date=August 1, 2016}}</ref>
*[[2017]] – [[Jeanne Moreau]], French actress (b. 1928)
*[[2018]] – [[Tony Bullimore]], British sailor & businessman (b. 1939)<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-bristol-45016915|title= Bristol sailor and entrepreneur Tony Bullimore dies aged 79|date=2018-07-31|work=BBC News}}</ref>
*[[2019]] – [[Harold Prince]], Broadway producer and director, who received more [[Tony Award|Tony awards]] than anyone else in history (b. 1928)<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/3am/celebrity-news/breaking-harold-prince-dead-broadway-18806602|title= Harold Prince dead: Broadway director and producer Hal dies aged 91|date=2019-07-31|work=Mirror.uk}}</ref>
*[[2020]] – [[Alan Parker]], English filmmaker (b. 1944)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.onthisday.com/deaths/date/2020?p=3|title=Famous People Who Died in 2020|website=On This Day|access-date=2020-08-22}}</ref>
*[[2022]] – [[Fidel V. Ramos]], 12th [[President of the Philippines]] (b. 1928)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cueto |first=Francis Earl |date=2022-07-31 |title=Former president Fidel V. Ramos succumbs to Covid-19 |url=https://www.manilatimes.net/2022/07/31/news/former-president-fidel-v-ramos-succumbs-to-covid-19/1852907 |access-date=2022-07-31 |website=The Manila Times |language=en}}</ref>
* 2022 – [[Bill Russell]], [[NBA]] Hall of Fame Player and Coach (b. 1934)<ref> {{Cite web |last=Goldman|first=Tom |date=2022-07-31 |title=Bill Russell, NBA Great with record 11 NBA titles, dies at 88 |url=https://www.npr.org/2022/07/31/961414664/bill-russell-dies-nba-celtics |access-date=2022-07-31|website=NPR |language=en}} </ref>
*[[2023]] – [[Angus Cloud]], American actor (b. 1998)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2023/film/obituaries-people-news/angus-cloud-dead-1235684089/|title=Angus Cloud, 'Euphoria' Star, Dead at 25 |last=Sharf|first=Zack|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=July 31, 2023|access-date=August 1, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/pop-culture/pop-culture-news/angus-cloud-star-hbos-euphoria-dies-25-rcna97420|title=Angus Cloud, star of HBO's 'Euphoria,' dies at 25|publisher=NBC News|accessdate=July 31, 2023}}</ref>
<!--Do not add people without Wikipedia articles to this list. Do not rely on "this year in history" websites for accurate date information. Do not link multiple occurrences of the same year, just link the first occurrence.-->
==Holidays and observances==
*Christian [[Calendar of saints|feast day]]:
**[[Abanoub]]
**[[Germanus of Auxerre]]
**[[Ignatius of Loyola]]
**[[Saint Neot (monk)|Neot]]
**[[July 31 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)]]
*Earliest day on which the Feast of Kamál (Perfection) can fall, while August 1 is the latest; observed on the first day of the eighth month of the [[Baháʼí calendar]]. ([[Baháʼí Faith]])
*End of the [[Trinity term]] (sitting of the [[High Court of Justice|High Court of Justice of England]])
*[[Flag of Hawaii#Lā Hae Hawaiʻi|''Lā Hae Hawaiʻi'' Day]] ([[Hawaii]], [[United States]]), and its related observance:
**[[Sovereignty Restoration Day]] ([[Hawaiian sovereignty movement]])
*[[Martyrdom Day of Shahid Udham Singh]] ([[Haryana]] and [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[India]])
*[[Treasury Day]] ([[Poland]])
*[[Heroes' Day#Malaysia|Warriors' Day]] ([[Malaysia]])
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
{{commons}}
* {{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/july/31 |title=On This Day |publisher=BBC}}
* {{NYT On this day|month=07|day=31}}
* {{cite web |url=https://www.onthisday.com/events/july/31 |title=Historical Events on July 31 |publisher=OnThisDay.com}}
{{months}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:July 31}}
[[Category:Days of the year]]
[[Category:July]]' |
Unified diff of changes made by edit (edit_diff) | '@@ -1,368 +1,3 @@
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-{{calendar}}
-{{This date in recent years}}
-{{Day}}
-
-==Events==
-===Pre-1600===
-*[[30 BC]] – [[Battle of Alexandria (30 BC)|Battle of Alexandria]]: [[Mark Antony]] achieves a minor victory over [[Augustus|Octavian]]'s forces, but most of his army subsequently deserts, leading to his suicide.
-* [[781]] – The oldest recorded eruption of [[Mount Fuji]] (Traditional [[Japanese calendar|Japanese date]]: Sixth day of the seventh month of the first year of the Ten'o (天応) era).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://sakuya.vulcania.jp/koyama/public_html/Fuji/fujid/781.html |title=天応元年（781）噴火 |first=Masato |last=Koyama |publisher=[[Shizuoka University]] |website=Database of eruptions and other activities of Fuji Volcano, Japan, based on historical records since AD781 |language=ja |access-date=2021-07-29}}</ref>
-*[[1009]] – [[Pope Sergius IV]] becomes the 142nd pope, succeeding [[Pope John XVIII]].
-*[[1201]] – Attempted usurpation by [[John Komnenos the Fat]] for the throne of [[Alexios III Angelos]].
-*[[1423]] – [[Hundred Years' War]]: [[Battle of Cravant]]: A Franco-Scottish army is defeated by the Anglo-Burgundians at Cravant on the banks of the river [[Yonne]].
-*[[1451]] – [[Jacques Cœur]] is arrested by order of [[Charles VII of France]].
-*[[1492]] – All remaining Jews are expelled from Spain when the [[Alhambra Decree]] takes effect.
-*[[1498]] – On his third voyage to the Western Hemisphere, [[Christopher Columbus]] becomes the first European to discover the island of [[Trinidad]].
-===1601–1900===
-*[[1618]] – [[Maurice, Prince of Orange]] disbands the waardgelders militia in [[Utrecht]], a pivotal event in the [[Remonstrant]]/[[Counter-Remonstrant]] tensions.
-*[[1655]] – [[Russo-Polish War (1654–67)]]: The Russian army enters the capital of the [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]], [[Vilnius]], which it holds for six years.
-*[[1658]] – [[Aurangzeb]] is proclaimed [[Mughal Empire|Mughal emperor]] of India.
-*[[1703]] – [[Daniel Defoe]] is placed in a [[pillory]] for the crime of [[seditious libel]] after publishing a politically satirical [[pamphlet]], but is pelted with flowers.
-*[[1715]] – Seven days after a [[1715 Treasure Fleet|Spanish treasure fleet]] of 12 ships left [[Havana]], [[Cuba]] for Spain, 11 of them sink in a storm off the coast of [[Florida]]. A few centuries later, treasure is salvaged from these wrecks.
-*[[1741]] – [[Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles Albert of Bavaria]] invades [[Upper Austria]] and [[Bohemia]].
-*[[1763]] – [[Odawa]] Chief [[Pontiac (Ottawa leader)|Pontiac]]'s forces defeat British troops at the [[Battle of Bloody Run]] during [[Pontiac's War]].
-*[[1777]] – The U.S. [[Second Continental Congress]] passes a resolution that the services of [[Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette]] "be accepted, and that, in consideration of his zeal, illustrious family and connexions, he have the rank and commission of major-general of the United States."
-*[[1790]] – The first U.S. [[patent]] is issued, to inventor [[Samuel Hopkins (inventor)|Samuel Hopkins]] for a [[potash]] process.
-*[[1856]] – [[Christchurch]], New Zealand is chartered as a city.
-*[[1865]] – The first [[Narrow-gauge railway|narrow-gauge]] mainline railway in the world opens at [[Grandchester, Queensland]], Australia.
-*[[1874]] – [[Patrick Francis Healy]] became the first [[African-American]] inaugurated as president of a predominantly white university, [[Georgetown University]].
-===1901–present===
-*[[1904]] – [[Russo-Japanese War]]: [[Battle of Hsimucheng]]: Units of the [[Imperial Japanese Army]] defeat units of the [[Imperial Russian Army]] in a strategic confrontation.
-*[[1917]] – [[World War I]]: [[The Battle of Passchendaele]] begins near [[Ypres]] in [[West Flanders]], [[Belgium]].
-*[[1932]] – The NSDAP ([[Nazi Party]]) wins more than 38% of the vote in [[German federal election, July 1932|German elections]].
-*[[1938]] – [[Bulgaria]] signs a non-aggression pact with Greece and other states of Balkan Antanti ([[Turkey]], [[Romania]], [[Yugoslavia]]).
-* 1938 – Archaeologists discover engraved [[gold]] and [[silver]] plates from King [[Darius I|Darius the Great]] in [[Persepolis]].
-*[[1941]] – [[The Holocaust]]: Under instructions from [[Adolf Hitler]], [[Nazism|Nazi]] official [[Hermann Göring]] orders [[Schutzstaffel|SS]] General [[Reinhard Heydrich]] to "submit to me as soon as possible a general plan of the administrative material and financial measures necessary for carrying out the desired [[Final Solution]] of the [[Jews|Jewish]] question."
-* 1941 – [[World War II]]: The [[Battle of Smolensk (1941)|Battle of Smolensk]] concludes with Germany capturing about 300,000 Soviet [[Red Army]] prisoners.<ref>{{cite book |last=Glantz |first=David M. |title=Barbarossa Derailed: The Battle for Smolensk 10 July – 10 September 1941 |publisher=Helion & Company |place=Solihull, England |year=2010 |isbn=978-1-906033-72-9 |page=576}}</ref>
-*[[1945]] – [[Pierre Laval]], the fugitive former leader of [[Vichy France]], surrenders to [[Allies of World War II|Allied]] soldiers in Austria.
-*[[1948]] – At Idlewild Field in New York, New York International Airport (later renamed [[John F. Kennedy International Airport]]) is dedicated.
-* 1948 – {{USS|Nevada|BB-36|6}} is sunk by an aerial torpedo after surviving hits from two atomic bombs (as part of post-war tests) and being used for target practice by three other ships.
-*[[1964]] – [[Ranger program]]: [[Ranger 7]] sends back the first close-up photographs of the [[moon]], with images 1,000 times clearer than anything ever seen from earth-bound [[telescope]]s.
-*[[1966]] – The pleasure cruiser MV ''Darlwyne'' [[Loss of MV Darlwyne|disappeared]] off the [[Cornwall]] coast with the loss of all 31 aboard.<ref>{{cite book|last= Banks|first= Martin|title= The Mysterious Loss of the Darlwyne|publisher= Tamar Books|location= Exeter|year= 2014|isbn= 978-0-9574742-1-5 |pages=29–31, 47}}</ref>
-*[[1970]] – [[Black Tot Day]]: The last day of the officially sanctioned [[Rum#Naval rum|rum ration]] in the [[Royal Navy]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://woodsrum.co.uk/black|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110902144546/http://woodsrum.co.uk/black|url-status=dead|title=Woods Rum, Black Tot Day|archivedate=September 2, 2011}}</ref>
-*[[1971]] – [[Apollo program]]: the [[Apollo 15]] astronauts become the first to ride in a [[lunar rover]].
-*[[1972]] – [[The Troubles]]: In [[Operation Motorman]], the British Army re-takes the urban [[no-go area]]s of [[Northern Ireland]]. It is the biggest British military operation since the [[Suez Crisis]] of 1956, and the biggest in Ireland since the [[Irish War of Independence]]. Later that day, nine civilians are [[Claudy bombing|killed by car bombs]] in the village of [[Claudy]].
-*[[1973]] – A [[Delta Air Lines]] jetliner, flight [[Delta Air Lines Flight 723|DL 723]] crashes while landing in fog at [[Logan International Airport]], Boston, Massachusetts killing 89.
-*[[1975]] – The Troubles: Three members of a popular cabaret band and two gunmen [[Miami Showband killings|are killed during a botched paramilitary attack]] in [[Northern Ireland]].
-*[[1987]] – A [[Edmonton tornado|tornado]] occurs in [[Edmonton]], [[Alberta]], killing 27 people.
-*[[1988]] – Thirty-two people are killed and 1,674 injured when a [[Sultan Abdul Halim ferry terminal bridge collapse|bridge at the Sultan Abdul Halim ferry terminal collapses]] in [[Butterworth, Penang]], [[Malaysia]].
-*[[1991]] – The United States and [[Soviet Union]] both sign the [[START I]] Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty, the first to reduce (with verification) both countries' stockpiles.
-*[[1992]] – The nation of [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] joins the [[United Nations]].
-* 1992 – [[Thai Airways International Flight 311]] crashes into a mountain north of [[Kathmandu]], [[Nepal]] killing all 113 people on board.
-* 1992 – [[China General Aviation Flight 7552]] crashes during takeoff from [[Nanjing Dajiaochang Airport]], killing 108.<ref name="asn2">{{Cite web |title=ASN Aircraft accident Yakovlev 42D B-2755 Nanking Airport (NKG) |url=https://asn.flightsafety.org/asndb/325482 |access-date=August 1, 2012 |website=Aviation Safety Network |publisher=[[Flight Safety Foundation]]}}</ref>
-* 1992 – [[Space Shuttle program]]: [[Space Shuttle Atlantis|''Atlantis'']] is launched on [[STS-46]] to deploy the [[European Retrievable Carrier]] and the [[Space tether|Tethered Satellite System]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Ryba |first=Jeanne |date=March 31, 2010 |title=STS-46 |url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/archives/sts-46.html |access-date=February 9, 2022 |publisher=NASA}}</ref>
-*[[1997]] – [[FedEx Express Flight 14]] crashes at [[Newark Liberty International Airport|Newark International Airport]], injuring five.<ref name="asn">{{Cite web |last=Ranter |first=Harro |title=ASN Aircraft accident McDonnell Douglas MD-11F N611FE Newark International Airport, NJ (EWR) |url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19970731-0 |access-date=2022-07-13 |website=aviation-safety.net |publisher=[[Aviation Safety Network]]}}</ref>
-*[[1999]] – [[Discovery Program]]: ''[[Lunar Prospector]]'': [[NASA]] intentionally crashes the spacecraft into the Moon, thus ending its mission to detect frozen water on the Moon's surface.
-*[[2006]] – [[Fidel Castro]] hands over power to his brother, [[Raúl Castro|Raúl]].
-*[[2007]] – [[Operation Banner]], the presence of the British Army in [[Northern Ireland]], and the longest-running British Army operation ever, comes to an end.
-*[[2008]] – [[East Coast Jets Flight 81]] crashes near [[Owatonna Degner Regional Airport]] in [[Owatonna, Minnesota]], killing all eight people on board.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ranter|first=Harro|title=ASN Aircraft accident British Aerospace BAe-125-800A N818MV Owatonna Airport, MN (OWA)|url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20080731-0|access-date=2020-07-25|website=aviation-safety.net|publisher=[[Aviation Safety Network]]}}</ref>
-*[[2012]] – [[Michael Phelps]] breaks the record set in 1964 by [[Larisa Latynina]] for the [[List of multiple Olympic medalists|most medals won at the Olympics]].
-*[[2014]] – [[2014 Kaohsiung gas explosions|Gas explosions]] in the southern Taiwanese city of [[Kaohsiung]] kill at least 20 people and injure more than 270.
-
-==Births==
-===Pre-1600===
-*[[1143]] – [[Emperor Nijō]] of Japan (d. 1165)
-*[[1396]] – [[Philip III, Duke of Burgundy]] (d. 1467)
-*[[1526]] – [[Augustus, Elector of Saxony]] (d. 1586)
-*[[1527]] – [[Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor]] (d. 1576)
-*[[1595]] – [[Philipp Wolfgang, Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg]] (d. 1641)
-*[[1598]] – [[Alessandro Algardi]], Italian sculptor (d. 1654)
-===1601–1900===
-*[[1686]] – [[Charles, Duke of Berry (1686–1714)|Charles of France, Duke of Berry]] (d. 1714)
-*[[1702]] – [[Jean Denis Attiret]], French missionary and painter (d. 1768)
-*[[1704]] – [[Gabriel Cramer]], Swiss mathematician and physicist (d. 1752)
-*[[1718]] – [[John Canton]], English physicist and academic (d. 1772)
-*[[1724]] – [[Noël François de Wailly]], French lexicographer and author (d. 1801)
-*[[1759]] – [[Ignaz Anton von Indermauer]], Austrian nobleman and government official (d. 1796)
-*[[1777]] – [[Pedro Ignacio de Castro Barros]], Argentinian priest and politician (d. 1849)
-*[[1796]] – [[Jean-Gaspard Deburau]], Czech-French actor and mime (d. 1846)
-*[[1800]] – [[Friedrich Wöhler]], German chemist and academic (d. 1882)
-*[[1803]] – [[John Ericsson]], Swedish-American engineer, co-designed the [[USS Princeton (1843)|USS Princeton]] and the [[Novelty (locomotive)|Novelty Locomotive]] (d. 1889)
-*[[1816]] – [[George Henry Thomas]], American general (d. 1870)
-*[[1826]] – [[Juhani Aataminpoika]], Finnish serial killer (d. 1854)<ref>{{cite book| author=Teemu Keskisarja | title=Suomen ainoa sarjamurhaaja. Juhani Adaminpojan rikos ja rangaistus | location=Jyväskylä | publisher=Atena | year=2008 | isbn= 978-951-796-538-5 | language=fi}}</ref>
-* 1826 – [[William S. Clark]], American colonel and politician (d. 1886)
-*[[1835]] – [[Henri Brisson]], French lawyer and politician, 50th [[Prime Minister of France]] (d. 1912)
-* 1835 – [[Paul Du Chaillu]], French-American anthropologist and explorer (d. 1903)<ref>{{cite journal |title=Obituary: Paul Du Chaillu |journal=Bulletin of the American Geographical Society |date=1903 |volume=35 |issue=2 |page=230 |jstor=198773 |issn=0190-5929}}</ref>
-*[[1836]] – [[Vasily Sleptsov]], Russian author and activist (d. 1878)
-*[[1837]] – [[William Quantrill]], American captain (d. 1865)
-*[[1839]] – [[Ignacio Andrade]], Venezuelan general and politician, 25th [[President of Venezuela]] (d. 1925)
-*[[1843]] – [[Peter Rosegger]], Austrian poet and author (d. 1918)
-*[[1847]] – [[Ignacio Cervantes]], Cuban pianist and composer (d. 1905)
-*[[1854]] – [[José Canalejas y Méndez|José Canalejas]], Spanish academic and politician, [[Prime Minister of Spain]] (d. 1912)
-* 1854 – [[Arthur Barclay]], 15th president of Liberia (d. 1938)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dunn|first1= Elwood D.|last2=Beyan|first2=Amos J.|last3=Burrowes|first3=Carl Patrick|author-link= |date=2000|title=Historical Dictionary of Liberia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qt0_RrW8ghkC|location=Lanham, Maryland|publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=9781461659310|page=33}}</ref>
-*[[1858]] – [[Richard Dixon Oldham]], English seismologist and geologist (d. 1936)
-* 1858 – [[Marion Talbot]], influential American educator (d. 1948)
-*[[1860]] – [[Mary Vaux Walcott]], American painter and illustrator (d. 1940)
-*[[1867]] – [[S. S. Kresge]], American businessman, founded [[Kmart (United States)|Kmart]] (d. 1966)
-*[[1875]] – [[Jacques Villon]], French painter (d. 1963)
-*[[1877]] – [[Louisa Bolus]], South African botanist and taxonomist (d. 1970)<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K9FkFg5ogZAC&q=Louisa+Bolus+1877&pg=PA32|title=Ladies in the Laboratory III: South African, Australian, New Zealand, and Canadian Women in Science: Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries|last1=Creese|first1=Mary R. S.|last2=Creese|first2=Thomas M.|date=2010|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=9780810872899|pages=17|language=en}}</ref>
-*[[1880]] – [[Premchand]], Indian author and playwright (d. 1936)
-*[[1883]] – [[Ramón Fonst]], Cuban fencer (d. 1959)
-*[[1884]] – [[Carl Friedrich Goerdeler]], Polish-German economist and politician (d. 1945)
-*[[1886]] – [[Salvatore Maranzano]], Italian-American mob boss (d. 1931)
-* 1886 – [[Fred Quimby]], American animation producer (d. 1965)
-*[[1887]] – [[Hans Freyer]], German sociologist and philosopher (d. 1969)
-*[[1892]] – [[Herbert W. Armstrong]], American evangelist and publisher, founded [[Worldwide Church of God]] (d. 1986)
-* 1892 – [[Joseph Charbonneau]], Canadian archbishop (d. 1959)
-*[[1894]] – [[Fred Keenor]], Welsh footballer (d. 1972)
-===1901–present===
-*[[1901]] – [[Jean Dubuffet]], French painter and sculptor (d. 1985)
-*[[1902]] – [[Gubby Allen]], Australian-English cricketer and soldier (d. 1989)
-*[[1904]] – [[Brett Halliday]], American engineer, surveyor, and author (d. 1977)
-*[[1909]] – [[Erik von Kuehnelt-Leddihn]], Austrian theorist and author (d. 1999)
-*[[1911]] – [[George Liberace]], American violinist (d. 1983)
-*[[1912]] – [[Bill Brown (cricketer)|Bill Brown]], Australian cricketer (d. 2008)
-* 1912 – [[Milton Friedman]], American economist and academic, [[Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. 2006)
-* 1912 – [[Irv Kupcinet]], American football player and journalist (d. 2003)
-*[[1913]] – [[Bryan Hextall]], Canadian ice hockey player (d. 1984)
-*[[1914]] – [[Paul J. Christiansen]], American conductor and composer (d. 1997)
-* 1914 – [[Mario Bava]], Italian director and screenwriter (d. 1980)<ref>{{cite book|last=Howarth|first=Troy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ac9VDwAAQBAJ&q=july+31|title=The Haunted World of Mario Bava|date=2002|publisher=BearManor Media|language=en}}</ref>
-* 1914 – [[Louis de Funès]], French actor and screenwriter (d. 1983)
-*[[1916]] – [[Sibte Hassan]], Pakistani journalist, scholar, and activist (d. 1986)
-* 1916 – [[Billy Hitchcock]], American baseball player, coach, and manager (d. 2006)
-* 1916 – [[Bill Todman]], American screenwriter and producer (d. 1979)
-*[[1918]] – [[Paul D. Boyer]], American biochemist and academic, [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. 2018)
-* 1918 – [[Hank Jones]], American pianist, composer, and bandleader (d. 2010)
-* 1918 – [[Frank Renouf]], New Zealand businessman and financier (d. 1998)
-*[[1919]] – [[Hemu Adhikari]], Indian cricketer (d. 2003)
-* 1919 – [[Curt Gowdy]], American sportscaster and actor (d. 2006)
-* 1919 – [[Primo Levi]], Italian chemist and author (d. 1987)
-*[[1920]] – [[James E. Faust]], American religious leader, lawyer, and politician (d. 2007)
-*[[1921]] – [[Peter Benenson]], English lawyer and activist, founded [[Amnesty International]] (d. 2005)
-* 1921 – [[Donald Malarkey]], American sergeant and author (d. 2017)<ref>{{cite news|title=Obituary: Donald George Malarkey|date=October 3, 2017|newspaper=[[The Daily Astorian]]|url=http://www.dailyastorian.com/obituaries/20171003/obituary-donald-george-malarkey |access-date=2017-10-07}}</ref>
-* 1921 – [[Whitney Young]], American activist (d. 1971)
-*[[1922]] – [[Hank Bauer]], American baseball player and manager (d. 2007)
-*[[1923]] – [[Ahmet Ertegun]], Turkish-American songwriter and producer, founded [[Atlantic Records]] (d. 2006)
-* 1923 – [[Stephanie Kwolek]], American chemist and engineer, invented [[Kevlar]] (d. 2014)
-*[[1924]] – [[Jimmy Evert]], American tennis player and coach (d. 2015)
-*[[1925]] – [[Carmel Quinn]], Irish singer, actress and writer (d. 2021)
-* 1925 – [[John Swainson]], Canadian-American jurist and politician, 42nd [[Governor of Michigan]] (d. 1994)
-*[[1926]] – [[Bernard Nathanson]], American physician and activist (d. 2011)
-* 1926 – [[Hilary Putnam]], American mathematician, computer scientist, and philosopher (d. 2016)
-*[[1927]] – [[Peter Nichols (playwright)|Peter Nichols]], English author and playwright (d. 2019)
-*[[1928]] – [[Bill Frenzel]], American lieutenant and politician (d. 2014)
-*[[1929]] – [[Lynne Reid Banks]], English author (d. 2024)
-* 1929 – [[Gilles Carle]], Canadian director and screenwriter (d. 2009)
-* 1929 – [[Don Murray (actor)|Don Murray]], American actor (d. 2024)
-* 1929 – [[José Santamaría]], Uruguayan footballer and manager
-*[[1931]] – [[Nick Bollettieri]], American tennis player and coach (d. 2022)
-* 1931 – [[Kenny Burrell]], American singer-songwriter and guitarist
-*[[1932]] – [[Ted Cassidy]], American actor and screenwriter (d. 1979)
-* 1932 – [[John Searle]], American philosopher and academic
-*[[1933]] – [[Cees Nooteboom]], Dutch journalist, author, and poet
-*[[1935]] – [[Yvon Deschamps]], Canadian comedian, actor, and producer
-* 1935 – [[Geoffrey Lewis (actor)|Geoffrey Lewis]], American actor and screenwriter (d. 2015)
-*[[1939]] – [[Steuart Bedford]], English pianist and conductor (d. 2021)
-* 1939 – [[Susan Flannery]], American actress
-* 1939 – [[France Nuyen]], Vietnamese-French actress
-*[[1941]] – [[Amarsinh Chaudhary]], Indian politician, 8th [[Chief Minister of Gujarat]] (d. 2004)
-*[[1943]] – [[William Bennett]], American journalist and politician, 3rd [[United States Secretary of Education]]
-* 1943 – [[Lobo (musician)|Lobo]], American singer-songwriter and guitarist
-*[[1944]] – [[Geraldine Chaplin]], American actress and screenwriter
-* 1944 – [[Jonathan Dimbleby]], English journalist and author
-* 1944 – [[Sherry Lansing]], American film producer
-* 1944 – [[Robert C. Merton]], American economist and academic, [[Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences|Nobel Prize]] laureate
-* 1944 – [[David Norris (politician)|David Norris]], Irish scholar and politician
-*[[1945]] – [[William Weld]], American lawyer and politician, 68th [[Governor of Massachusetts]]
-*[[1946]] – [[Gary Lewis (musician)|Gary Lewis]], American pop-rock musician
-*[[1947]] – [[Karl Green]], English bass player and songwriter
-* 1947 – [[Richard Griffiths]], English actor (d. 2013)
-* 1947 – [[Mumtaz (Indian actress)|Mumtaz]], Indian actress
-* 1947 – [[Hubert Védrine]], French politician, [[List of Foreign Ministers of France|French Minister of Foreign Affairs]]
-* 1947 – [[Ian Beck]], English children's illustrator and author
-*[[1948]] – [[Russell Morris]], Australian singer-songwriter and guitarist
-*[[1949]] – [[Mike Jackson (basketball)|Mike Jackson]], American basketball player
-* 1949 – [[Alan Meale]], English journalist and politician
-*[[1950]] – [[Richard Berry (actor)|Richard Berry]], French actor, director, and screenwriter
-*[[1951]] – [[Evonne Goolagong Cawley]], Australian tennis player
-*[[1952]] – [[Chris Ahrens (ice hockey)|Chris Ahrens]], American ice hockey player
-* 1952 – [[Alan Autry]], American football player, actor, and politician, 23rd [[Mayor of Fresno, California]]
-* 1952 – [[Helmuts Balderis]], Latvian ice hockey player and coach
-* 1952 – [[João Barreiros]], Portuguese author and critic
-* 1952 – [[Faye Kellerman]], American author
-*[[1953]] – [[Ted Baillieu]], Australian architect and politician, 46th [[Premier of Victoria]]
-* 1953 – [[Jimmy Cook]], South African cricketer and coach
-* 1953 – [[Hugh McDowell]], English cellist (d. 2018)
-*[[1954]] – [[Derek Smith (ice hockey, born 1954)|Derek Smith]], Canadian ice hockey player
-*[[1956]] – [[Michael Biehn]], American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
-* 1956 – [[Bill Callahan (American football)|Bill Callahan]], American football player and coach
-* 1956 – [[Ron Kuby]], American lawyer and radio host
-* 1956 – [[Deval Patrick]], American lawyer and politician, 71st [[Governor of Massachusetts]]
-* 1956 – [[Lynne Rae Perkins]], American author and illustrator
-*[[1957]] – [[Daniel Ash]], English singer-songwriter and guitarist
-* 1957 – [[Mark Thompson (media executive)|Mark Thompson]], English business executive
-*[[1958]] – [[Bill Berry]], American drummer and songwriter
-* 1958 – [[Mark Cuban]], American businessman and television personality
-* 1958 – [[Suzanne Giraud]], French music editor and composer
-*[[1959]] – [[Stanley Jordan]], American guitarist, pianist, and songwriter
-* 1959 – [[Andrew Marr]], Scottish journalist and author
-* 1959 – [[Kim Newman]], English journalist and author
-*[[1960]] – [[Dale Hunter]], Canadian ice hockey player and coach
-* 1960 – [[Malcolm Ross (musician)|Malcolm Ross]], Scottish guitarist and songwriter
-*[[1961]] – [[Frank Gardner (journalist)|Frank Gardner]], English captain and journalist
-* 1961 – [[Sanusi Lamido Sanusi]], Nigerian banker, royal
-*[[1962]] – [[John Chiang (California politician)|John Chiang]], American lawyer and politician, 31st [[California State Controller]]
-* 1962 – [[Kevin Greene]], American football player and coach (d. 2020)
-* 1962 – [[Wesley Snipes]], American actor and producer
-*[[1963]] – [[Norman Cook|Norman Cook (Fatboy Slim)]], English DJ and musician
-* 1963 – [[Fergus Henderson]], English chef and author
-* 1963 – [[Brian Skrudland]], Canadian ice hockey player and coach
-*[[1964]] – [[Jim Corr]], Irish singer-songwriter and guitarist
-* 1964 – [[Urmas Hepner]], Estonian footballer and coach
-*[[1965]] – [[Scott Brooks]], American basketball player and coach
-* 1965 – [[John Laurinaitis]], American wrestler and producer
-* 1965 – [[Ian Roberts (rugby league)|Ian Roberts]], English-Australian rugby league player and actor
-* 1965 – [[J. K. Rowling]], English author and film producer
-*[[1966]] – [[Dean Cain]], American actor, producer, and screenwriter
-*[[1967]] – [[Tony Massenburg]], American basketball player
-* 1967 – [[Tim Wright (Welsh musician)|Tim Wright]], Welsh composer
-*[[1968]] – [[Saeed-Al-Saffar]], Emirati cricketer
-* 1968 – [[Julian Richards (director)|Julian Richards]], Welsh director and producer
-*[[1969]] – [[Antonio Conte]], Italian footballer and manager
-* 1969 – [[Loren Dean]], American actor
-* 1969 – [[Kenneth D. Schisler]], American lawyer and politician
-*[[1970]] – [[Ahmad Akbarpour]], Iranian author and poet
-* 1970 – [[Ben Chaplin]], English actor
-* 1970 – [[Andrzej Kobylański]], Polish footballer and manager
-* 1970 – [[Giorgos Sigalas]], Greek basketball player, coach, and sportscaster
-*[[1971]] – [[Gus Frerotte]], American football player and coach
-*[[1973]] – [[Nathan Brown (rugby league born 1973)|Nathan Brown]], Australian rugby league player and coach
-*[[1974]] – [[Emilia Fox]], English actress<ref>{{cite web|title=Emilia Fox: A long line of theatrical Emila used to be a childminder in her spare time before taking up acting ancestors...|url=http://www.thegenealogist.co.uk/featuredarticles/2011/who-do-you-think-you-are/emilia-fox-65/|publisher=The Genealogist|access-date=19 December 2017|date=20 September 2011}}</ref>
-* 1974 – [[Leona Naess]], American-English singer-songwriter and guitarist
-* 1974 – [[Jonathan Ogden]], American football player
-*[[1975]] – [[Randy Flores]], American baseball player and coach
-* 1975 – [[Andrew Hall]], South African cricketer
-* 1975 – [[Gabe Kapler]], American baseball player and manager
-*[[1976]] – [[Joshua Cain]], American guitarist and producer
-* 1976 – [[Paulo Wanchope]], Costa Rican footballer and manager
-*[[1978]] – [[Zac Brown Band|Zac Brown]], American country singer-songwriter and guitarist
-* 1978 – [[Will Champion]], English drummer ([[Coldplay]])<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=Latest Coldplay News |url=https://www.capitalfm.com/artists/coldplay/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227022423/https://www.capitalfm.com/artists/coldplay/ |archive-date=27 February 2023 |access-date=27 February 2023 |website=Capital FM |type=Press the "View More" button on the "Facts" column}}</ref>
-* 1978 – [[Nick Sorensen]], American football player and sportscaster
-* 1978 – [[Justin Wilson (racing driver)|Justin Wilson]], English race car driver (d. 2015)
-*[[1979]] – [[Jaco Erasmus]], South African-Italian rugby player
-* 1979 – [[J. J. Furmaniak]], American baseball player
-* 1979 – [[Per Krøldrup]], Danish footballer
-* 1979 – [[Carlos Marchena]], Spanish footballer
-* 1979 – [[B. J. Novak]], American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
-*[[1980]] – [[Mikko Hirvonen]], Finnish race car driver
-* 1980 – [[Mils Muliaina]], New Zealand rugby player
-*[[1981]] – [[Titus Bramble]], English footballer
-* 1981 – [[Vernon Carey]], American football player
-* 1981 – [[Paul Whatuira]], New Zealand rugby league player
-*[[1982]] – [[Anabel Medina Garrigues]], Spanish tennis player
-* 1982 – [[DeMarcus Ware]], American football player
-*[[1985]] – [[Daniel Ciofani]], Italian footballer
-* 1985 – [[Rémy Di Gregorio]], French cyclist
-*[[1986]] – [[Evgeni Malkin]], Russian ice hockey player
-* 1986 – [[Brian Orakpo]], American football player
-*[[1987]] – [[Michael Bradley (soccer)|Michael Bradley]], American soccer player
-*[[1988]] – [[Alex Glenn]], New Zealand rugby league player
-* 1988 – [[A. J. Green]], American football player<ref>{{cite web |title=A.J. Green |url=https://www.espn.com/nfl/player/_/id/13983 |publisher=[[ESPN]] |access-date=30 July 2023}}</ref>
-*[[1989]] – [[Victoria Azarenka]], Belorussian tennis player
-*[[1991]] – [[Réka Luca Jani]], Hungarian tennis player
-*[[1992]] – [[José Fernández (pitcher)|José Fernández]], Cuban-American baseball player (d. 2016)
-* 1992 – [[Ryan Johansen]], Canadian ice hockey player
-* 1992 – [[Kyle Larson]], American race car driver
-*[[1993]] – [[Linus Ullmark]], Swedish professional hockey player <ref>{{Cite web |title=Linus Ullmark Stats And News |url=https://www.nhl.com/bruins/player/linus-ullmark-8476999 |access-date=2023-09-22 |website=www.nhl.com |language=en}}</ref>
-*[[1995]] – [[Lil Uzi Vert]], American hip hop artist
-*[[1998]] – [[Rico Rodriguez (actor)|Rico Rodriguez]], American actor<ref>{{cite web |last1=Nesvig |first1=Kara |title=Ariel Winter Celebrates Rico Rodriguez's Birthday on Instagram |url=https://www.teenvogue.com/story/ariel-winter-celebrates-rico-rodriguez-birthday |publisher=[[Teen Vogue]] |access-date=31 October 2022 |date=1 August 2018}}</ref>
-*[[2002]] – [[João Gomes (singer)|João Gomes]], Brazilian singer<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-09 |title=Aos 18 anos, João Gomes se torna a maior estrela viral da música brasileira com voz grave e ajuda das danças |url=https://oglobo.globo.com/cultura/aos-18-anos-joao-gomes-se-torna-maior-estrela-viral-da-musica-brasileira-com-voz-grave-ajuda-das-dancas-25098601 |access-date=2022-08-02 |website=O Globo |language=pt-BR}}</ref>
-* 2002 – [[Will Penisini]], Australian-Tongan rugby league player<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rugbyleagueproject.org/players/will-penisini/summary.html|title=Career Stats & Summary - Rugby League Project|website=Rugbyleagueproject.org}}</ref>
-*[[2003]] – [[Calvin Ramsay]], Scottish footballer<ref>{{cite web |title=Calvin Ramsay |url=https://www.premierleague.com/players/125829/Calvin-Ramsay/overview |publisher=Premier League |access-date=26 October 2023}}</ref>
-<!--Do not add yourself or people without Wikipedia articles to this list. Do not rely on "this year in history" websites for accurate date information. Do not add fictional characters to this list. Do not link multiple occurrences of the same year; just link the first occurrence. -->
-
-==Deaths==
-===Pre-1600===
-*[[54 BC]] – [[Aurelia Cotta]], Roman mother of [[Gaius Julius Caesar]] (b. 120 BC)
-* [[450]] – [[Peter Chrysologus]], Italian bishop and saint (b. 380)
-* [[910]] – [[Feng Xingxi]], Chinese warlord
-* [[975]] – [[Fu Yanqing]], Chinese general (b. 898)
-*[[1098]] – [[Hugh of Montgomery, 2nd Earl of Shrewsbury]]
-*[[1358]] – [[Étienne Marcel]], French rebel leader (b. 1302)
-*[[1396]] – [[William Courtenay]], English archbishop and politician, [[Lord Chancellor|Lord Chancellor of the United Kingdom]] (b. 1342)
-*[[1508]] – [[Na'od]], Ethiopian emperor
-*[[1556]] – [[Ignatius of Loyola]], Spanish priest and theologian, founded the [[Society of Jesus]] (b. 1491)
-===1601–1900===
-*[[1616]] – [[Roger Wilbraham]], Solicitor-General for Ireland (b. 1553)
-*[[1638]] – [[Sibylla Schwarz]], German poet (b. 1621)
-*[[1653]] – [[Thomas Dudley]], English soldier and politician, 3rd [[Governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony]] (b. 1576)
-*[[1693]] – [[Willem Kalf]], Dutch still life painter (b. 1619)
-*[[1726]] – [[Nicolaus II Bernoulli]], Swiss mathematician and theorist (b. 1695)
-*[[1750]] – [[John V of Portugal|John V]], king of Portugal (b. 1689)
-*[[1762]] – [[Luis Vicente de Velasco e Isla]], Spanish sailor and commander (b. 1711)
-*[[1781]] – [[John Bligh, 3rd Earl of Darnley]], British parliamentarian (b. 1719)
-*[[1784]] – [[Denis Diderot]], French philosopher and critic (b. 1713)
-*[[1805]] – [[Dheeran Chinnamalai]], Indian soldier (b. 1756)
-*[[1864]] – [[Louis Christophe François Hachette]], French publisher (b. 1800)
-*[[1875]] – [[Andrew Johnson]], American general and politician, 17th [[President of the United States]] (b. 1808)
-*[[1884]] – [[Kiến Phúc]], Vietnamese emperor (b. 1869)
-*[[1886]] – [[Franz Liszt]], Hungarian pianist, composer, and conductor (b. 1811)
-*[[1891]] – [[Jean-Baptiste Capronnier]], Belgian stained glass painter (b. 1814)
-===1901–present===
-*[[1913]] – [[John Milne]], British geologist and mining engineer. (b. 1850)
-*[[1914]] – [[Jean Jaurès]], French journalist and politician (b. 1859)
-*[[1917]] – [[Francis Ledwidge]], Irish soldier and poet (b. 1881)
-* 1917 – [[Hedd Wyn]], Welsh language poet (b. 1887)
-*[[1920]] – [[Ion Dragoumis]], Greek philosopher and diplomat (b. 1878)
-*[[1940]] – [[Udham Singh]], Indian activist (b. 1899)<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bhattacharjee |first1=Yudhijit |title=Twenty Years After a Brutal Massacre, It's Payback Time |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/25/books/review/patient-assassin-anita-anand.html |access-date=26 July 2020 |work=The New York Times |date=25 June 2019}}</ref>
-*[[1942]] – [[Francis Younghusband]], [[British Army]] Officer, [[explorer]] and spiritual writer (b. 1863)
-*[[1943]] – [[Hedley Verity]], English cricketer and soldier (b. 1905)
-*[[1944]] – [[Antoine de Saint-Exupéry]], French pilot and poet (b. 1900)
-*[[1951]] – [[Cho Ki-chon]], North Korean poet (b. 1913)<ref>{{cite book|last=Gabroussenko|first=Tatiana|title=Soldiers on the Cultural Front: Developments in the Early History of North Korean Literature and Literary Policy|year=2010|publisher=University of Hawai'i Press|isbn=978-0-8248-3396-1 |pages=56, 58, 85}}</ref>
-*[[1953]] – [[Robert A. Taft]], American soldier and politician (b. 1889)
-*[[1954]] – [[Onofre Marimón]], Argentinian race car driver (b. 1923)
-*[[1958]] – [[Eino Kaila]], Finnish philosopher and psychologist, attendant of the Vienna circle (b. 1890)
-*[[1964]] – [[Jim Reeves]], American singer-songwriter (b. 1923)
-*[[1966]] – [[Bud Powell]], American pianist (b. 1924)
-*[[1968]] – [[Jack Pizzey]], Australian politician, 29th [[Premier of Queensland]] (b. 1911)
-*[[1971]] – [[Walter P. Carter]], American soldier and activist (b. 1923)
-*[[1972]] – [[Paul-Henri Spaak]], Belgian politician, 40th [[Prime Minister of Belgium]], 1st [[President of the United Nations General Assembly]] (b. 1899)<ref>{{cite news |last1=McFadden |first1=Robert D. |title=Paul-Henri Spaak Is Dead at 73; An Architect of European Unity |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1972/08/01/archives/paulhenri-spaak-is-dead-at-73-an-architect-of-european-unity-spaak.html |access-date=26 July 2020 |work=The New York Times |date=1 August 1972}}</ref>
-*[[1973]] – [[Azumafuji Kin'ichi]], Japanese sumo wrestler, the 40th [[Makuuchi#Yokozuna|Yokozuna]] (b. 1921)
-*[[1979]] – [[Beatrix Lehmann]], English actress and director (b. 1903)
-*[[1980]] – [[Pascual Jordan]], German physicist, author, and academic (b. 1902)
-* 1980 – [[Mohammed Rafi]], Indian [[playback singer]] (b. 1924)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.culturalindia.net/indian-music/indian-singers/rafi.html|title=All About Mohammad Rafi!|website=Culturalindia.net|access-date=30 July 2018}}</ref>
-*[[1981]] – [[Omar Torrijos]], Panamanian general and politician, [[List of heads of state of Panama|Military Leader of Panama]] (b. 1929)
-*[[1985]] – [[Eugene Carson Blake]], American religious leader (b. 1906)
-*[[1986]] – [[Chiune Sugihara]], Japanese diplomat (b. 1900)
-*[[1987]] – [[Joseph E. Levine]], American film producer (b, 1905)
-*[[1990]] – [[Albert Leduc]], Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1902)
-*[[1992]] – [[Leonard Cheshire]], English captain and pilot (b. 1917)
-*[[1993]] – [[Baudouin of Belgium|Baudouin]], King of Belgium (b. 1930)<ref>{{cite news |last1=Lyons |first1=Richard D. |title=Baudouin I, King of Belgium, Dies at 62 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/08/01/obituaries/baudouin-i-king-of-belgium-dies-at-62.html |access-date=27 July 2020 |work=The New York Times |date=1 August 1993}}</ref>
-*[[2000]] – [[William Keepers Maxwell Jr.]], American editor, novelist, short story writer, and essayist (b. 1908)
-*[[2001]] – [[Francisco da Costa Gomes]], Portuguese general and politician, 15th [[President of Portugal]] (b. 1914)
-* 2001 – [[Friedrich Franz, Hereditary Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin]] (b. 1910)
-*[[2003]] – [[Guido Crepax]], Italian author and illustrator (b. 1933)
-*[[2004]] – [[Virginia Grey]], American actress (b. 1917)
-*[[2005]] – [[Wim Duisenberg]], Dutch economist and politician, 1st [[President of the European Central Bank]] (b. 1935)
-*[[2009]] – [[Bobby Robson]], English footballer and manager (b. 1933)
-* 2009 – [[Harry Alan Towers]], English-Canadian screenwriter and producer (b. 1920)
-*[[2012]] – [[Mollie Hunter]], Scottish author and playwright (b. 1922)
-* 2012 – [[Alfredo Ramos (Brazilian footballer)|Alfredo Ramos]], Brazilian footballer and coach (b. 1924)
-* 2012 – [[Gore Vidal]], American novelist, screenwriter, and critic (b. 1925)
-* 2012 – [[Tony Sly]], American musician, singer-songwriter (b. 1970)
-*[[2013]] – [[Michael Ansara]], Syrian-American actor (b. 1922)
-* 2013 – [[Michel Donnet]], English-Belgian general and pilot (b. 1917)
-* 2013 – [[John Graves (author)|John Graves]], American captain and author (b. 1920)
-* 2013 – [[Trevor Storer]], English businessman, founded [[Pukka Pies]] (b. 1930)
-*[[2014]] – [[Warren Bennis]], American scholar, author, and academic (b. 1925)
-* 2014 – [[Nabarun Bhattacharya]], Indian journalist and author (b. 1948)
-* 2014 – [[Jeff Bourne]], English footballer (b. 1948)
-* 2014 – [[Wilfred Feinberg]], American lawyer and judge (b. 1920)
-*[[2015]] – [[Alan Cheuse]], American writer and critic (b. 1940)
-* 2015 – [[Howard W. Jones]], American surgeon and academic (b. 1910)
-* 2015 – [[Billy Pierce]], American baseball player and sportscaster (b. 1927)
-* 2015 – [[Roddy Piper]], Canadian wrestler and actor (b. 1954)
-* 2015 – [[Richard Schweiker]], American soldier and politician, 14th [[United States Secretary of Health and Human Services]] (b. 1926)
-*[[2016]] – [[Chiyonofuji Mitsugu]], Japanese sumo wrestler, the 58th [[Makuuchi#Yokozuna|Yokozuna]] (b. 1955)<ref name="tributes">{{cite web|url=http://www.japantimes.co.jp/sports/2016/08/01/sumo/sumo-wrestlers-pay-tribute-chiyonofuji/#.V59slk32Yy9|title=Sumo wrestlers pay tribute to Chiyonofuji|date=1 August 2016|publisher=Japan Times|access-date=1 August 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.japantimes.co.jp/sports/2016/07/31/sumo/sumo-icon-chiyonofuji-dies-61/|title=Sumo icon Chiyonofuji dies at 61|date=31 July 2016|via=Japan Times Online}}</ref>
-* 2016 – [[Seymour Papert]], South African mathematician (b. 1928)<ref name="MITobit">{{cite web|title=Professor Emeritus Seymour Papert, pioneer of constructionist learning, dies at 88|url=https://news.mit.edu/2016/seymour-papert-pioneer-of-constructionist-learning-dies-0801|website=MIT News|publisher=Massachusetts Institute of Technology|access-date=2016-08-03|date=August 1, 2016}}</ref>
-*[[2017]] – [[Jeanne Moreau]], French actress (b. 1928)
-*[[2018]] – [[Tony Bullimore]], British sailor & businessman (b. 1939)<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-bristol-45016915|title= Bristol sailor and entrepreneur Tony Bullimore dies aged 79|date=2018-07-31|work=BBC News}}</ref>
-*[[2019]] – [[Harold Prince]], Broadway producer and director, who received more [[Tony Award|Tony awards]] than anyone else in history (b. 1928)<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/3am/celebrity-news/breaking-harold-prince-dead-broadway-18806602|title= Harold Prince dead: Broadway director and producer Hal dies aged 91|date=2019-07-31|work=Mirror.uk}}</ref>
-*[[2020]] – [[Alan Parker]], English filmmaker (b. 1944)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.onthisday.com/deaths/date/2020?p=3|title=Famous People Who Died in 2020|website=On This Day|access-date=2020-08-22}}</ref>
-*[[2022]] – [[Fidel V. Ramos]], 12th [[President of the Philippines]] (b. 1928)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cueto |first=Francis Earl |date=2022-07-31 |title=Former president Fidel V. Ramos succumbs to Covid-19 |url=https://www.manilatimes.net/2022/07/31/news/former-president-fidel-v-ramos-succumbs-to-covid-19/1852907 |access-date=2022-07-31 |website=The Manila Times |language=en}}</ref>
-* 2022 – [[Bill Russell]], [[NBA]] Hall of Fame Player and Coach (b. 1934)<ref> {{Cite web |last=Goldman|first=Tom |date=2022-07-31 |title=Bill Russell, NBA Great with record 11 NBA titles, dies at 88 |url=https://www.npr.org/2022/07/31/961414664/bill-russell-dies-nba-celtics |access-date=2022-07-31|website=NPR |language=en}} </ref>
-*[[2023]] – [[Angus Cloud]], American actor (b. 1998)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2023/film/obituaries-people-news/angus-cloud-dead-1235684089/|title=Angus Cloud, 'Euphoria' Star, Dead at 25 |last=Sharf|first=Zack|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=July 31, 2023|access-date=August 1, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/pop-culture/pop-culture-news/angus-cloud-star-hbos-euphoria-dies-25-rcna97420|title=Angus Cloud, star of HBO's 'Euphoria,' dies at 25|publisher=NBC News|accessdate=July 31, 2023}}</ref>
-<!--Do not add people without Wikipedia articles to this list. Do not rely on "this year in history" websites for accurate date information. Do not link multiple occurrences of the same year, just link the first occurrence.-->
+y fart Do not rely on "this year in history" websites for accurate date information. Do not link multiple occurrences of the same year, just link the first occurrence.-->
==Holidays and observances==
@@ -371,5 +6,5 @@
**[[Germanus of Auxerre]]
**[[Ignatius of Loyola]]
-**[[Saint Neot (monk)|Neot]]
+**[[Saint Neot (monk)|Neot]]fart fart fart this stuff is false and dumb
**[[July 31 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)]]
*Earliest day on which the Feast of Kamál (Perfection) can fall, while August 1 is the latest; observed on the first day of the eighth month of the [[Baháʼí calendar]]. ([[Baháʼí Faith]])
@@ -379,5 +14,5 @@
*[[Martyrdom Day of Shahid Udham Singh]] ([[Haryana]] and [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[India]])
*[[Treasury Day]] ([[Poland]])
-*[[Heroes' Day#Malaysia|Warriors' Day]] ([[Malaysia]])
+*[[Heroes' Day#Malaysia|whore Day]] ([[Malaysia]])
==References==
' |
Lines removed in edit (removed_lines) | [
0 => '{{pp-pc1}}',
1 => '{{pp-move-indef}}',
2 => '{{calendar}}',
3 => '{{This date in recent years}}',
4 => '{{Day}}',
5 => '',
6 => '==Events==',
7 => '===Pre-1600===',
8 => '*[[30 BC]] – [[Battle of Alexandria (30 BC)|Battle of Alexandria]]: [[Mark Antony]] achieves a minor victory over [[Augustus|Octavian]]'s forces, but most of his army subsequently deserts, leading to his suicide.',
9 => '* [[781]] – The oldest recorded eruption of [[Mount Fuji]] (Traditional [[Japanese calendar|Japanese date]]: Sixth day of the seventh month of the first year of the Ten'o (天応) era).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://sakuya.vulcania.jp/koyama/public_html/Fuji/fujid/781.html |title=天応元年（781）噴火 |first=Masato |last=Koyama |publisher=[[Shizuoka University]] |website=Database of eruptions and other activities of Fuji Volcano, Japan, based on historical records since AD781 |language=ja |access-date=2021-07-29}}</ref>',
10 => '*[[1009]] – [[Pope Sergius IV]] becomes the 142nd pope, succeeding [[Pope John XVIII]].',
11 => '*[[1201]] – Attempted usurpation by [[John Komnenos the Fat]] for the throne of [[Alexios III Angelos]].',
12 => '*[[1423]] – [[Hundred Years' War]]: [[Battle of Cravant]]: A Franco-Scottish army is defeated by the Anglo-Burgundians at Cravant on the banks of the river [[Yonne]].',
13 => '*[[1451]] – [[Jacques Cœur]] is arrested by order of [[Charles VII of France]].',
14 => '*[[1492]] – All remaining Jews are expelled from Spain when the [[Alhambra Decree]] takes effect.',
15 => '*[[1498]] – On his third voyage to the Western Hemisphere, [[Christopher Columbus]] becomes the first European to discover the island of [[Trinidad]].',
16 => '===1601–1900===',
17 => '*[[1618]] – [[Maurice, Prince of Orange]] disbands the waardgelders militia in [[Utrecht]], a pivotal event in the [[Remonstrant]]/[[Counter-Remonstrant]] tensions. ',
18 => '*[[1655]] – [[Russo-Polish War (1654–67)]]: The Russian army enters the capital of the [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]], [[Vilnius]], which it holds for six years.',
19 => '*[[1658]] – [[Aurangzeb]] is proclaimed [[Mughal Empire|Mughal emperor]] of India.',
20 => '*[[1703]] – [[Daniel Defoe]] is placed in a [[pillory]] for the crime of [[seditious libel]] after publishing a politically satirical [[pamphlet]], but is pelted with flowers.',
21 => '*[[1715]] – Seven days after a [[1715 Treasure Fleet|Spanish treasure fleet]] of 12 ships left [[Havana]], [[Cuba]] for Spain, 11 of them sink in a storm off the coast of [[Florida]]. A few centuries later, treasure is salvaged from these wrecks.',
22 => '*[[1741]] – [[Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles Albert of Bavaria]] invades [[Upper Austria]] and [[Bohemia]].',
23 => '*[[1763]] – [[Odawa]] Chief [[Pontiac (Ottawa leader)|Pontiac]]'s forces defeat British troops at the [[Battle of Bloody Run]] during [[Pontiac's War]].',
24 => '*[[1777]] – The U.S. [[Second Continental Congress]] passes a resolution that the services of [[Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette]] "be accepted, and that, in consideration of his zeal, illustrious family and connexions, he have the rank and commission of major-general of the United States."',
25 => '*[[1790]] – The first U.S. [[patent]] is issued, to inventor [[Samuel Hopkins (inventor)|Samuel Hopkins]] for a [[potash]] process.',
26 => '*[[1856]] – [[Christchurch]], New Zealand is chartered as a city.',
27 => '*[[1865]] – The first [[Narrow-gauge railway|narrow-gauge]] mainline railway in the world opens at [[Grandchester, Queensland]], Australia.',
28 => '*[[1874]] – [[Patrick Francis Healy]] became the first [[African-American]] inaugurated as president of a predominantly white university, [[Georgetown University]].',
29 => '===1901–present===',
30 => '*[[1904]] – [[Russo-Japanese War]]: [[Battle of Hsimucheng]]: Units of the [[Imperial Japanese Army]] defeat units of the [[Imperial Russian Army]] in a strategic confrontation.',
31 => '*[[1917]] – [[World War I]]: [[The Battle of Passchendaele]] begins near [[Ypres]] in [[West Flanders]], [[Belgium]].',
32 => '*[[1932]] – The NSDAP ([[Nazi Party]]) wins more than 38% of the vote in [[German federal election, July 1932|German elections]].',
33 => '*[[1938]] – [[Bulgaria]] signs a non-aggression pact with Greece and other states of Balkan Antanti ([[Turkey]], [[Romania]], [[Yugoslavia]]).',
34 => '* 1938 – Archaeologists discover engraved [[gold]] and [[silver]] plates from King [[Darius I|Darius the Great]] in [[Persepolis]].',
35 => '*[[1941]] – [[The Holocaust]]: Under instructions from [[Adolf Hitler]], [[Nazism|Nazi]] official [[Hermann Göring]] orders [[Schutzstaffel|SS]] General [[Reinhard Heydrich]] to "submit to me as soon as possible a general plan of the administrative material and financial measures necessary for carrying out the desired [[Final Solution]] of the [[Jews|Jewish]] question."',
36 => '* 1941 – [[World War II]]: The [[Battle of Smolensk (1941)|Battle of Smolensk]] concludes with Germany capturing about 300,000 Soviet [[Red Army]] prisoners.<ref>{{cite book |last=Glantz |first=David M. |title=Barbarossa Derailed: The Battle for Smolensk 10 July – 10 September 1941 |publisher=Helion & Company |place=Solihull, England |year=2010 |isbn=978-1-906033-72-9 |page=576}}</ref>',
37 => '*[[1945]] – [[Pierre Laval]], the fugitive former leader of [[Vichy France]], surrenders to [[Allies of World War II|Allied]] soldiers in Austria.',
38 => '*[[1948]] – At Idlewild Field in New York, New York International Airport (later renamed [[John F. Kennedy International Airport]]) is dedicated.',
39 => '* 1948 – {{USS|Nevada|BB-36|6}} is sunk by an aerial torpedo after surviving hits from two atomic bombs (as part of post-war tests) and being used for target practice by three other ships.',
40 => '*[[1964]] – [[Ranger program]]: [[Ranger 7]] sends back the first close-up photographs of the [[moon]], with images 1,000 times clearer than anything ever seen from earth-bound [[telescope]]s.',
41 => '*[[1966]] – The pleasure cruiser MV ''Darlwyne'' [[Loss of MV Darlwyne|disappeared]] off the [[Cornwall]] coast with the loss of all 31 aboard.<ref>{{cite book|last= Banks|first= Martin|title= The Mysterious Loss of the Darlwyne|publisher= Tamar Books|location= Exeter|year= 2014|isbn= 978-0-9574742-1-5 |pages=29–31, 47}}</ref>',
42 => '*[[1970]] – [[Black Tot Day]]: The last day of the officially sanctioned [[Rum#Naval rum|rum ration]] in the [[Royal Navy]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://woodsrum.co.uk/black|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110902144546/http://woodsrum.co.uk/black|url-status=dead|title=Woods Rum, Black Tot Day|archivedate=September 2, 2011}}</ref>',
43 => '*[[1971]] – [[Apollo program]]: the [[Apollo 15]] astronauts become the first to ride in a [[lunar rover]].',
44 => '*[[1972]] – [[The Troubles]]: In [[Operation Motorman]], the British Army re-takes the urban [[no-go area]]s of [[Northern Ireland]]. It is the biggest British military operation since the [[Suez Crisis]] of 1956, and the biggest in Ireland since the [[Irish War of Independence]]. Later that day, nine civilians are [[Claudy bombing|killed by car bombs]] in the village of [[Claudy]].',
45 => '*[[1973]] – A [[Delta Air Lines]] jetliner, flight [[Delta Air Lines Flight 723|DL 723]] crashes while landing in fog at [[Logan International Airport]], Boston, Massachusetts killing 89.',
46 => '*[[1975]] – The Troubles: Three members of a popular cabaret band and two gunmen [[Miami Showband killings|are killed during a botched paramilitary attack]] in [[Northern Ireland]].',
47 => '*[[1987]] – A [[Edmonton tornado|tornado]] occurs in [[Edmonton]], [[Alberta]], killing 27 people.',
48 => '*[[1988]] – Thirty-two people are killed and 1,674 injured when a [[Sultan Abdul Halim ferry terminal bridge collapse|bridge at the Sultan Abdul Halim ferry terminal collapses]] in [[Butterworth, Penang]], [[Malaysia]].',
49 => '*[[1991]] – The United States and [[Soviet Union]] both sign the [[START I]] Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty, the first to reduce (with verification) both countries' stockpiles.',
50 => '*[[1992]] – The nation of [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] joins the [[United Nations]].',
51 => '* 1992 – [[Thai Airways International Flight 311]] crashes into a mountain north of [[Kathmandu]], [[Nepal]] killing all 113 people on board.',
52 => '* 1992 – [[China General Aviation Flight 7552]] crashes during takeoff from [[Nanjing Dajiaochang Airport]], killing 108.<ref name="asn2">{{Cite web |title=ASN Aircraft accident Yakovlev 42D B-2755 Nanking Airport (NKG) |url=https://asn.flightsafety.org/asndb/325482 |access-date=August 1, 2012 |website=Aviation Safety Network |publisher=[[Flight Safety Foundation]]}}</ref>',
53 => '* 1992 – [[Space Shuttle program]]: [[Space Shuttle Atlantis|''Atlantis'']] is launched on [[STS-46]] to deploy the [[European Retrievable Carrier]] and the [[Space tether|Tethered Satellite System]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Ryba |first=Jeanne |date=March 31, 2010 |title=STS-46 |url=http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/shuttlemissions/archives/sts-46.html |access-date=February 9, 2022 |publisher=NASA}}</ref>',
54 => '*[[1997]] – [[FedEx Express Flight 14]] crashes at [[Newark Liberty International Airport|Newark International Airport]], injuring five.<ref name="asn">{{Cite web |last=Ranter |first=Harro |title=ASN Aircraft accident McDonnell Douglas MD-11F N611FE Newark International Airport, NJ (EWR) |url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19970731-0 |access-date=2022-07-13 |website=aviation-safety.net |publisher=[[Aviation Safety Network]]}}</ref>',
55 => '*[[1999]] – [[Discovery Program]]: ''[[Lunar Prospector]]'': [[NASA]] intentionally crashes the spacecraft into the Moon, thus ending its mission to detect frozen water on the Moon's surface.',
56 => '*[[2006]] – [[Fidel Castro]] hands over power to his brother, [[Raúl Castro|Raúl]].',
57 => '*[[2007]] – [[Operation Banner]], the presence of the British Army in [[Northern Ireland]], and the longest-running British Army operation ever, comes to an end. ',
58 => '*[[2008]] – [[East Coast Jets Flight 81]] crashes near [[Owatonna Degner Regional Airport]] in [[Owatonna, Minnesota]], killing all eight people on board.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ranter|first=Harro|title=ASN Aircraft accident British Aerospace BAe-125-800A N818MV Owatonna Airport, MN (OWA)|url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20080731-0|access-date=2020-07-25|website=aviation-safety.net|publisher=[[Aviation Safety Network]]}}</ref>',
59 => '*[[2012]] – [[Michael Phelps]] breaks the record set in 1964 by [[Larisa Latynina]] for the [[List of multiple Olympic medalists|most medals won at the Olympics]].',
60 => '*[[2014]] – [[2014 Kaohsiung gas explosions|Gas explosions]] in the southern Taiwanese city of [[Kaohsiung]] kill at least 20 people and injure more than 270.',
61 => '',
62 => '==Births==',
63 => '===Pre-1600===',
64 => '*[[1143]] – [[Emperor Nijō]] of Japan (d. 1165)',
65 => '*[[1396]] – [[Philip III, Duke of Burgundy]] (d. 1467)',
66 => '*[[1526]] – [[Augustus, Elector of Saxony]] (d. 1586)',
67 => '*[[1527]] – [[Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor]] (d. 1576)',
68 => '*[[1595]] – [[Philipp Wolfgang, Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg]] (d. 1641)',
69 => '*[[1598]] – [[Alessandro Algardi]], Italian sculptor (d. 1654)',
70 => '===1601–1900===',
71 => '*[[1686]] – [[Charles, Duke of Berry (1686–1714)|Charles of France, Duke of Berry]] (d. 1714)',
72 => '*[[1702]] – [[Jean Denis Attiret]], French missionary and painter (d. 1768)',
73 => '*[[1704]] – [[Gabriel Cramer]], Swiss mathematician and physicist (d. 1752)',
74 => '*[[1718]] – [[John Canton]], English physicist and academic (d. 1772)',
75 => '*[[1724]] – [[Noël François de Wailly]], French lexicographer and author (d. 1801)',
76 => '*[[1759]] – [[Ignaz Anton von Indermauer]], Austrian nobleman and government official (d. 1796)',
77 => '*[[1777]] – [[Pedro Ignacio de Castro Barros]], Argentinian priest and politician (d. 1849)',
78 => '*[[1796]] – [[Jean-Gaspard Deburau]], Czech-French actor and mime (d. 1846)',
79 => '*[[1800]] – [[Friedrich Wöhler]], German chemist and academic (d. 1882)',
80 => '*[[1803]] – [[John Ericsson]], Swedish-American engineer, co-designed the [[USS Princeton (1843)|USS Princeton]] and the [[Novelty (locomotive)|Novelty Locomotive]] (d. 1889)',
81 => '*[[1816]] – [[George Henry Thomas]], American general (d. 1870)',
82 => '*[[1826]] – [[Juhani Aataminpoika]], Finnish serial killer (d. 1854)<ref>{{cite book| author=Teemu Keskisarja | title=Suomen ainoa sarjamurhaaja. Juhani Adaminpojan rikos ja rangaistus | location=Jyväskylä | publisher=Atena | year=2008 | isbn= 978-951-796-538-5 | language=fi}}</ref>',
83 => '* 1826 – [[William S. Clark]], American colonel and politician (d. 1886)',
84 => '*[[1835]] – [[Henri Brisson]], French lawyer and politician, 50th [[Prime Minister of France]] (d. 1912)',
85 => '* 1835 – [[Paul Du Chaillu]], French-American anthropologist and explorer (d. 1903)<ref>{{cite journal |title=Obituary: Paul Du Chaillu |journal=Bulletin of the American Geographical Society |date=1903 |volume=35 |issue=2 |page=230 |jstor=198773 |issn=0190-5929}}</ref>',
86 => '*[[1836]] – [[Vasily Sleptsov]], Russian author and activist (d. 1878)',
87 => '*[[1837]] – [[William Quantrill]], American captain (d. 1865)',
88 => '*[[1839]] – [[Ignacio Andrade]], Venezuelan general and politician, 25th [[President of Venezuela]] (d. 1925)',
89 => '*[[1843]] – [[Peter Rosegger]], Austrian poet and author (d. 1918)',
90 => '*[[1847]] – [[Ignacio Cervantes]], Cuban pianist and composer (d. 1905)',
91 => '*[[1854]] – [[José Canalejas y Méndez|José Canalejas]], Spanish academic and politician, [[Prime Minister of Spain]] (d. 1912)',
92 => '* 1854 – [[Arthur Barclay]], 15th president of Liberia (d. 1938)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dunn|first1= Elwood D.|last2=Beyan|first2=Amos J.|last3=Burrowes|first3=Carl Patrick|author-link= |date=2000|title=Historical Dictionary of Liberia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qt0_RrW8ghkC|location=Lanham, Maryland|publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=9781461659310|page=33}}</ref>',
93 => '*[[1858]] – [[Richard Dixon Oldham]], English seismologist and geologist (d. 1936)',
94 => '* 1858 – [[Marion Talbot]], influential American educator (d. 1948)',
95 => '*[[1860]] – [[Mary Vaux Walcott]], American painter and illustrator (d. 1940)',
96 => '*[[1867]] – [[S. S. Kresge]], American businessman, founded [[Kmart (United States)|Kmart]] (d. 1966)',
97 => '*[[1875]] – [[Jacques Villon]], French painter (d. 1963)',
98 => '*[[1877]] – [[Louisa Bolus]], South African botanist and taxonomist (d. 1970)<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K9FkFg5ogZAC&q=Louisa+Bolus+1877&pg=PA32|title=Ladies in the Laboratory III: South African, Australian, New Zealand, and Canadian Women in Science: Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries|last1=Creese|first1=Mary R. S.|last2=Creese|first2=Thomas M.|date=2010|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=9780810872899|pages=17|language=en}}</ref>',
99 => '*[[1880]] – [[Premchand]], Indian author and playwright (d. 1936)',
100 => '*[[1883]] – [[Ramón Fonst]], Cuban fencer (d. 1959)',
101 => '*[[1884]] – [[Carl Friedrich Goerdeler]], Polish-German economist and politician (d. 1945)',
102 => '*[[1886]] – [[Salvatore Maranzano]], Italian-American mob boss (d. 1931)',
103 => '* 1886 – [[Fred Quimby]], American animation producer (d. 1965)',
104 => '*[[1887]] – [[Hans Freyer]], German sociologist and philosopher (d. 1969)',
105 => '*[[1892]] – [[Herbert W. Armstrong]], American evangelist and publisher, founded [[Worldwide Church of God]] (d. 1986)',
106 => '* 1892 – [[Joseph Charbonneau]], Canadian archbishop (d. 1959)',
107 => '*[[1894]] – [[Fred Keenor]], Welsh footballer (d. 1972)',
108 => '===1901–present===',
109 => '*[[1901]] – [[Jean Dubuffet]], French painter and sculptor (d. 1985)',
110 => '*[[1902]] – [[Gubby Allen]], Australian-English cricketer and soldier (d. 1989)',
111 => '*[[1904]] – [[Brett Halliday]], American engineer, surveyor, and author (d. 1977)',
112 => '*[[1909]] – [[Erik von Kuehnelt-Leddihn]], Austrian theorist and author (d. 1999)',
113 => '*[[1911]] – [[George Liberace]], American violinist (d. 1983)',
114 => '*[[1912]] – [[Bill Brown (cricketer)|Bill Brown]], Australian cricketer (d. 2008)',
115 => '* 1912 – [[Milton Friedman]], American economist and academic, [[Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. 2006)',
116 => '* 1912 – [[Irv Kupcinet]], American football player and journalist (d. 2003)',
117 => '*[[1913]] – [[Bryan Hextall]], Canadian ice hockey player (d. 1984)',
118 => '*[[1914]] – [[Paul J. Christiansen]], American conductor and composer (d. 1997)',
119 => '* 1914 – [[Mario Bava]], Italian director and screenwriter (d. 1980)<ref>{{cite book|last=Howarth|first=Troy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ac9VDwAAQBAJ&q=july+31|title=The Haunted World of Mario Bava|date=2002|publisher=BearManor Media|language=en}}</ref>',
120 => '* 1914 – [[Louis de Funès]], French actor and screenwriter (d. 1983)',
121 => '*[[1916]] – [[Sibte Hassan]], Pakistani journalist, scholar, and activist (d. 1986)',
122 => '* 1916 – [[Billy Hitchcock]], American baseball player, coach, and manager (d. 2006)',
123 => '* 1916 – [[Bill Todman]], American screenwriter and producer (d. 1979)',
124 => '*[[1918]] – [[Paul D. Boyer]], American biochemist and academic, [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. 2018)',
125 => '* 1918 – [[Hank Jones]], American pianist, composer, and bandleader (d. 2010)',
126 => '* 1918 – [[Frank Renouf]], New Zealand businessman and financier (d. 1998)',
127 => '*[[1919]] – [[Hemu Adhikari]], Indian cricketer (d. 2003)',
128 => '* 1919 – [[Curt Gowdy]], American sportscaster and actor (d. 2006)',
129 => '* 1919 – [[Primo Levi]], Italian chemist and author (d. 1987)',
130 => '*[[1920]] – [[James E. Faust]], American religious leader, lawyer, and politician (d. 2007)',
131 => '*[[1921]] – [[Peter Benenson]], English lawyer and activist, founded [[Amnesty International]] (d. 2005)',
132 => '* 1921 – [[Donald Malarkey]], American sergeant and author (d. 2017)<ref>{{cite news|title=Obituary: Donald George Malarkey|date=October 3, 2017|newspaper=[[The Daily Astorian]]|url=http://www.dailyastorian.com/obituaries/20171003/obituary-donald-george-malarkey |access-date=2017-10-07}}</ref>',
133 => '* 1921 – [[Whitney Young]], American activist (d. 1971)',
134 => '*[[1922]] – [[Hank Bauer]], American baseball player and manager (d. 2007)',
135 => '*[[1923]] – [[Ahmet Ertegun]], Turkish-American songwriter and producer, founded [[Atlantic Records]] (d. 2006)',
136 => '* 1923 – [[Stephanie Kwolek]], American chemist and engineer, invented [[Kevlar]] (d. 2014)',
137 => '*[[1924]] – [[Jimmy Evert]], American tennis player and coach (d. 2015)',
138 => '*[[1925]] – [[Carmel Quinn]], Irish singer, actress and writer (d. 2021)',
139 => '* 1925 – [[John Swainson]], Canadian-American jurist and politician, 42nd [[Governor of Michigan]] (d. 1994)',
140 => '*[[1926]] – [[Bernard Nathanson]], American physician and activist (d. 2011)',
141 => '* 1926 – [[Hilary Putnam]], American mathematician, computer scientist, and philosopher (d. 2016)',
142 => '*[[1927]] – [[Peter Nichols (playwright)|Peter Nichols]], English author and playwright (d. 2019)',
143 => '*[[1928]] – [[Bill Frenzel]], American lieutenant and politician (d. 2014)',
144 => '*[[1929]] – [[Lynne Reid Banks]], English author (d. 2024)',
145 => '* 1929 – [[Gilles Carle]], Canadian director and screenwriter (d. 2009)',
146 => '* 1929 – [[Don Murray (actor)|Don Murray]], American actor (d. 2024)',
147 => '* 1929 – [[José Santamaría]], Uruguayan footballer and manager ',
148 => '*[[1931]] – [[Nick Bollettieri]], American tennis player and coach (d. 2022) ',
149 => '* 1931 – [[Kenny Burrell]], American singer-songwriter and guitarist',
150 => '*[[1932]] – [[Ted Cassidy]], American actor and screenwriter (d. 1979)',
151 => '* 1932 – [[John Searle]], American philosopher and academic',
152 => '*[[1933]] – [[Cees Nooteboom]], Dutch journalist, author, and poet',
153 => '*[[1935]] – [[Yvon Deschamps]], Canadian comedian, actor, and producer',
154 => '* 1935 – [[Geoffrey Lewis (actor)|Geoffrey Lewis]], American actor and screenwriter (d. 2015)',
155 => '*[[1939]] – [[Steuart Bedford]], English pianist and conductor (d. 2021)',
156 => '* 1939 – [[Susan Flannery]], American actress ',
157 => '* 1939 – [[France Nuyen]], Vietnamese-French actress',
158 => '*[[1941]] – [[Amarsinh Chaudhary]], Indian politician, 8th [[Chief Minister of Gujarat]] (d. 2004)',
159 => '*[[1943]] – [[William Bennett]], American journalist and politician, 3rd [[United States Secretary of Education]]',
160 => '* 1943 – [[Lobo (musician)|Lobo]], American singer-songwriter and guitarist ',
161 => '*[[1944]] – [[Geraldine Chaplin]], American actress and screenwriter',
162 => '* 1944 – [[Jonathan Dimbleby]], English journalist and author',
163 => '* 1944 – [[Sherry Lansing]], American film producer',
164 => '* 1944 – [[Robert C. Merton]], American economist and academic, [[Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences|Nobel Prize]] laureate',
165 => '* 1944 – [[David Norris (politician)|David Norris]], Irish scholar and politician',
166 => '*[[1945]] – [[William Weld]], American lawyer and politician, 68th [[Governor of Massachusetts]]',
167 => '*[[1946]] – [[Gary Lewis (musician)|Gary Lewis]], American pop-rock musician ',
168 => '*[[1947]] – [[Karl Green]], English bass player and songwriter',
169 => '* 1947 – [[Richard Griffiths]], English actor (d. 2013)',
170 => '* 1947 – [[Mumtaz (Indian actress)|Mumtaz]], Indian actress',
171 => '* 1947 – [[Hubert Védrine]], French politician, [[List of Foreign Ministers of France|French Minister of Foreign Affairs]]',
172 => '* 1947 – [[Ian Beck]], English children's illustrator and author',
173 => '*[[1948]] – [[Russell Morris]], Australian singer-songwriter and guitarist',
174 => '*[[1949]] – [[Mike Jackson (basketball)|Mike Jackson]], American basketball player',
175 => '* 1949 – [[Alan Meale]], English journalist and politician',
176 => '*[[1950]] – [[Richard Berry (actor)|Richard Berry]], French actor, director, and screenwriter',
177 => '*[[1951]] – [[Evonne Goolagong Cawley]], Australian tennis player',
178 => '*[[1952]] – [[Chris Ahrens (ice hockey)|Chris Ahrens]], American ice hockey player',
179 => '* 1952 – [[Alan Autry]], American football player, actor, and politician, 23rd [[Mayor of Fresno, California]]',
180 => '* 1952 – [[Helmuts Balderis]], Latvian ice hockey player and coach',
181 => '* 1952 – [[João Barreiros]], Portuguese author and critic',
182 => '* 1952 – [[Faye Kellerman]], American author',
183 => '*[[1953]] – [[Ted Baillieu]], Australian architect and politician, 46th [[Premier of Victoria]]',
184 => '* 1953 – [[Jimmy Cook]], South African cricketer and coach',
185 => '* 1953 – [[Hugh McDowell]], English cellist (d. 2018)',
186 => '*[[1954]] – [[Derek Smith (ice hockey, born 1954)|Derek Smith]], Canadian ice hockey player',
187 => '*[[1956]] – [[Michael Biehn]], American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter',
188 => '* 1956 – [[Bill Callahan (American football)|Bill Callahan]], American football player and coach',
189 => '* 1956 – [[Ron Kuby]], American lawyer and radio host',
190 => '* 1956 – [[Deval Patrick]], American lawyer and politician, 71st [[Governor of Massachusetts]]',
191 => '* 1956 – [[Lynne Rae Perkins]], American author and illustrator',
192 => '*[[1957]] – [[Daniel Ash]], English singer-songwriter and guitarist ',
193 => '* 1957 – [[Mark Thompson (media executive)|Mark Thompson]], English business executive',
194 => '*[[1958]] – [[Bill Berry]], American drummer and songwriter',
195 => '* 1958 – [[Mark Cuban]], American businessman and television personality',
196 => '* 1958 – [[Suzanne Giraud]], French music editor and composer',
197 => '*[[1959]] – [[Stanley Jordan]], American guitarist, pianist, and songwriter',
198 => '* 1959 – [[Andrew Marr]], Scottish journalist and author',
199 => '* 1959 – [[Kim Newman]], English journalist and author ',
200 => '*[[1960]] – [[Dale Hunter]], Canadian ice hockey player and coach',
201 => '* 1960 – [[Malcolm Ross (musician)|Malcolm Ross]], Scottish guitarist and songwriter ',
202 => '*[[1961]] – [[Frank Gardner (journalist)|Frank Gardner]], English captain and journalist',
203 => '* 1961 – [[Sanusi Lamido Sanusi]], Nigerian banker, royal',
204 => '*[[1962]] – [[John Chiang (California politician)|John Chiang]], American lawyer and politician, 31st [[California State Controller]]',
205 => '* 1962 – [[Kevin Greene]], American football player and coach (d. 2020)',
206 => '* 1962 – [[Wesley Snipes]], American actor and producer',
207 => '*[[1963]] – [[Norman Cook|Norman Cook (Fatboy Slim)]], English DJ and musician',
208 => '* 1963 – [[Fergus Henderson]], English chef and author',
209 => '* 1963 – [[Brian Skrudland]], Canadian ice hockey player and coach',
210 => '*[[1964]] – [[Jim Corr]], Irish singer-songwriter and guitarist ',
211 => '* 1964 – [[Urmas Hepner]], Estonian footballer and coach',
212 => '*[[1965]] – [[Scott Brooks]], American basketball player and coach',
213 => '* 1965 – [[John Laurinaitis]], American wrestler and producer',
214 => '* 1965 – [[Ian Roberts (rugby league)|Ian Roberts]], English-Australian rugby league player and actor',
215 => '* 1965 – [[J. K. Rowling]], English author and film producer',
216 => '*[[1966]] – [[Dean Cain]], American actor, producer, and screenwriter',
217 => '*[[1967]] – [[Tony Massenburg]], American basketball player',
218 => '* 1967 – [[Tim Wright (Welsh musician)|Tim Wright]], Welsh composer',
219 => '*[[1968]] – [[Saeed-Al-Saffar]], Emirati cricketer',
220 => '* 1968 – [[Julian Richards (director)|Julian Richards]], Welsh director and producer',
221 => '*[[1969]] – [[Antonio Conte]], Italian footballer and manager',
222 => '* 1969 – [[Loren Dean]], American actor',
223 => '* 1969 – [[Kenneth D. Schisler]], American lawyer and politician',
224 => '*[[1970]] – [[Ahmad Akbarpour]], Iranian author and poet',
225 => '* 1970 – [[Ben Chaplin]], English actor',
226 => '* 1970 – [[Andrzej Kobylański]], Polish footballer and manager',
227 => '* 1970 – [[Giorgos Sigalas]], Greek basketball player, coach, and sportscaster',
228 => '*[[1971]] – [[Gus Frerotte]], American football player and coach',
229 => '*[[1973]] – [[Nathan Brown (rugby league born 1973)|Nathan Brown]], Australian rugby league player and coach',
230 => '*[[1974]] – [[Emilia Fox]], English actress<ref>{{cite web|title=Emilia Fox: A long line of theatrical Emila used to be a childminder in her spare time before taking up acting ancestors...|url=http://www.thegenealogist.co.uk/featuredarticles/2011/who-do-you-think-you-are/emilia-fox-65/|publisher=The Genealogist|access-date=19 December 2017|date=20 September 2011}}</ref>',
231 => '* 1974 – [[Leona Naess]], American-English singer-songwriter and guitarist',
232 => '* 1974 – [[Jonathan Ogden]], American football player',
233 => '*[[1975]] – [[Randy Flores]], American baseball player and coach',
234 => '* 1975 – [[Andrew Hall]], South African cricketer',
235 => '* 1975 – [[Gabe Kapler]], American baseball player and manager',
236 => '*[[1976]] – [[Joshua Cain]], American guitarist and producer ',
237 => '* 1976 – [[Paulo Wanchope]], Costa Rican footballer and manager',
238 => '*[[1978]] – [[Zac Brown Band|Zac Brown]], American country singer-songwriter and guitarist',
239 => '* 1978 – [[Will Champion]], English drummer ([[Coldplay]])<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=Latest Coldplay News |url=https://www.capitalfm.com/artists/coldplay/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227022423/https://www.capitalfm.com/artists/coldplay/ |archive-date=27 February 2023 |access-date=27 February 2023 |website=Capital FM |type=Press the "View More" button on the "Facts" column}}</ref>',
240 => '* 1978 – [[Nick Sorensen]], American football player and sportscaster',
241 => '* 1978 – [[Justin Wilson (racing driver)|Justin Wilson]], English race car driver (d. 2015)',
242 => '*[[1979]] – [[Jaco Erasmus]], South African-Italian rugby player',
243 => '* 1979 – [[J. J. Furmaniak]], American baseball player',
244 => '* 1979 – [[Per Krøldrup]], Danish footballer',
245 => '* 1979 – [[Carlos Marchena]], Spanish footballer',
246 => '* 1979 – [[B. J. Novak]], American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter',
247 => '*[[1980]] – [[Mikko Hirvonen]], Finnish race car driver',
248 => '* 1980 – [[Mils Muliaina]], New Zealand rugby player',
249 => '*[[1981]] – [[Titus Bramble]], English footballer',
250 => '* 1981 – [[Vernon Carey]], American football player',
251 => '* 1981 – [[Paul Whatuira]], New Zealand rugby league player',
252 => '*[[1982]] – [[Anabel Medina Garrigues]], Spanish tennis player',
253 => '* 1982 – [[DeMarcus Ware]], American football player',
254 => '*[[1985]] – [[Daniel Ciofani]], Italian footballer',
255 => '* 1985 – [[Rémy Di Gregorio]], French cyclist',
256 => '*[[1986]] – [[Evgeni Malkin]], Russian ice hockey player',
257 => '* 1986 – [[Brian Orakpo]], American football player',
258 => '*[[1987]] – [[Michael Bradley (soccer)|Michael Bradley]], American soccer player',
259 => '*[[1988]] – [[Alex Glenn]], New Zealand rugby league player',
260 => '* 1988 – [[A. J. Green]], American football player<ref>{{cite web |title=A.J. Green |url=https://www.espn.com/nfl/player/_/id/13983 |publisher=[[ESPN]] |access-date=30 July 2023}}</ref>',
261 => '*[[1989]] – [[Victoria Azarenka]], Belorussian tennis player',
262 => '*[[1991]] – [[Réka Luca Jani]], Hungarian tennis player',
263 => '*[[1992]] – [[José Fernández (pitcher)|José Fernández]], Cuban-American baseball player (d. 2016)',
264 => '* 1992 – [[Ryan Johansen]], Canadian ice hockey player',
265 => '* 1992 – [[Kyle Larson]], American race car driver',
266 => '*[[1993]] – [[Linus Ullmark]], Swedish professional hockey player <ref>{{Cite web |title=Linus Ullmark Stats And News |url=https://www.nhl.com/bruins/player/linus-ullmark-8476999 |access-date=2023-09-22 |website=www.nhl.com |language=en}}</ref>',
267 => '*[[1995]] – [[Lil Uzi Vert]], American hip hop artist',
268 => '*[[1998]] – [[Rico Rodriguez (actor)|Rico Rodriguez]], American actor<ref>{{cite web |last1=Nesvig |first1=Kara |title=Ariel Winter Celebrates Rico Rodriguez's Birthday on Instagram |url=https://www.teenvogue.com/story/ariel-winter-celebrates-rico-rodriguez-birthday |publisher=[[Teen Vogue]] |access-date=31 October 2022 |date=1 August 2018}}</ref>',
269 => '*[[2002]] – [[João Gomes (singer)|João Gomes]], Brazilian singer<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-09 |title=Aos 18 anos, João Gomes se torna a maior estrela viral da música brasileira com voz grave e ajuda das danças |url=https://oglobo.globo.com/cultura/aos-18-anos-joao-gomes-se-torna-maior-estrela-viral-da-musica-brasileira-com-voz-grave-ajuda-das-dancas-25098601 |access-date=2022-08-02 |website=O Globo |language=pt-BR}}</ref>',
270 => '* 2002 – [[Will Penisini]], Australian-Tongan rugby league player<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rugbyleagueproject.org/players/will-penisini/summary.html|title=Career Stats & Summary - Rugby League Project|website=Rugbyleagueproject.org}}</ref>',
271 => '*[[2003]] – [[Calvin Ramsay]], Scottish footballer<ref>{{cite web |title=Calvin Ramsay |url=https://www.premierleague.com/players/125829/Calvin-Ramsay/overview |publisher=Premier League |access-date=26 October 2023}}</ref>',
272 => '<!--Do not add yourself or people without Wikipedia articles to this list. Do not rely on "this year in history" websites for accurate date information. Do not add fictional characters to this list. Do not link multiple occurrences of the same year; just link the first occurrence. -->',
273 => '',
274 => '==Deaths==',
275 => '===Pre-1600===',
276 => '*[[54 BC]] – [[Aurelia Cotta]], Roman mother of [[Gaius Julius Caesar]] (b. 120 BC)',
277 => '* [[450]] – [[Peter Chrysologus]], Italian bishop and saint (b. 380)',
278 => '* [[910]] – [[Feng Xingxi]], Chinese warlord',
279 => '* [[975]] – [[Fu Yanqing]], Chinese general (b. 898)',
280 => '*[[1098]] – [[Hugh of Montgomery, 2nd Earl of Shrewsbury]]',
281 => '*[[1358]] – [[Étienne Marcel]], French rebel leader (b. 1302)',
282 => '*[[1396]] – [[William Courtenay]], English archbishop and politician, [[Lord Chancellor|Lord Chancellor of the United Kingdom]] (b. 1342)',
283 => '*[[1508]] – [[Na'od]], Ethiopian emperor ',
284 => '*[[1556]] – [[Ignatius of Loyola]], Spanish priest and theologian, founded the [[Society of Jesus]] (b. 1491)',
285 => '===1601–1900===',
286 => '*[[1616]] – [[Roger Wilbraham]], Solicitor-General for Ireland (b. 1553)',
287 => '*[[1638]] – [[Sibylla Schwarz]], German poet (b. 1621)',
288 => '*[[1653]] – [[Thomas Dudley]], English soldier and politician, 3rd [[Governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony]] (b. 1576)',
289 => '*[[1693]] – [[Willem Kalf]], Dutch still life painter (b. 1619)',
290 => '*[[1726]] – [[Nicolaus II Bernoulli]], Swiss mathematician and theorist (b. 1695)',
291 => '*[[1750]] – [[John V of Portugal|John V]], king of Portugal (b. 1689)',
292 => '*[[1762]] – [[Luis Vicente de Velasco e Isla]], Spanish sailor and commander (b. 1711)',
293 => '*[[1781]] – [[John Bligh, 3rd Earl of Darnley]], British parliamentarian (b. 1719)',
294 => '*[[1784]] – [[Denis Diderot]], French philosopher and critic (b. 1713)',
295 => '*[[1805]] – [[Dheeran Chinnamalai]], Indian soldier (b. 1756)',
296 => '*[[1864]] – [[Louis Christophe François Hachette]], French publisher (b. 1800)',
297 => '*[[1875]] – [[Andrew Johnson]], American general and politician, 17th [[President of the United States]] (b. 1808)',
298 => '*[[1884]] – [[Kiến Phúc]], Vietnamese emperor (b. 1869)',
299 => '*[[1886]] – [[Franz Liszt]], Hungarian pianist, composer, and conductor (b. 1811)',
300 => '*[[1891]] – [[Jean-Baptiste Capronnier]], Belgian stained glass painter (b. 1814)',
301 => '===1901–present===',
302 => '*[[1913]] – [[John Milne]], British geologist and mining engineer. (b. 1850)',
303 => '*[[1914]] – [[Jean Jaurès]], French journalist and politician (b. 1859)',
304 => '*[[1917]] – [[Francis Ledwidge]], Irish soldier and poet (b. 1881)',
305 => '* 1917 – [[Hedd Wyn]], Welsh language poet (b. 1887)',
306 => '*[[1920]] – [[Ion Dragoumis]], Greek philosopher and diplomat (b. 1878)',
307 => '*[[1940]] – [[Udham Singh]], Indian activist (b. 1899)<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bhattacharjee |first1=Yudhijit |title=Twenty Years After a Brutal Massacre, It's Payback Time |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/25/books/review/patient-assassin-anita-anand.html |access-date=26 July 2020 |work=The New York Times |date=25 June 2019}}</ref>',
308 => '*[[1942]] – [[Francis Younghusband]], [[British Army]] Officer, [[explorer]] and spiritual writer (b. 1863)',
309 => '*[[1943]] – [[Hedley Verity]], English cricketer and soldier (b. 1905)',
310 => '*[[1944]] – [[Antoine de Saint-Exupéry]], French pilot and poet (b. 1900)',
311 => '*[[1951]] – [[Cho Ki-chon]], North Korean poet (b. 1913)<ref>{{cite book|last=Gabroussenko|first=Tatiana|title=Soldiers on the Cultural Front: Developments in the Early History of North Korean Literature and Literary Policy|year=2010|publisher=University of Hawai'i Press|isbn=978-0-8248-3396-1 |pages=56, 58, 85}}</ref>',
312 => '*[[1953]] – [[Robert A. Taft]], American soldier and politician (b. 1889)',
313 => '*[[1954]] – [[Onofre Marimón]], Argentinian race car driver (b. 1923)',
314 => '*[[1958]] – [[Eino Kaila]], Finnish philosopher and psychologist, attendant of the Vienna circle (b. 1890)',
315 => '*[[1964]] – [[Jim Reeves]], American singer-songwriter (b. 1923) ',
316 => '*[[1966]] – [[Bud Powell]], American pianist (b. 1924)',
317 => '*[[1968]] – [[Jack Pizzey]], Australian politician, 29th [[Premier of Queensland]] (b. 1911)',
318 => '*[[1971]] – [[Walter P. Carter]], American soldier and activist (b. 1923)',
319 => '*[[1972]] – [[Paul-Henri Spaak]], Belgian politician, 40th [[Prime Minister of Belgium]], 1st [[President of the United Nations General Assembly]] (b. 1899)<ref>{{cite news |last1=McFadden |first1=Robert D. |title=Paul-Henri Spaak Is Dead at 73; An Architect of European Unity |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1972/08/01/archives/paulhenri-spaak-is-dead-at-73-an-architect-of-european-unity-spaak.html |access-date=26 July 2020 |work=The New York Times |date=1 August 1972}}</ref>',
320 => '*[[1973]] – [[Azumafuji Kin'ichi]], Japanese sumo wrestler, the 40th [[Makuuchi#Yokozuna|Yokozuna]] (b. 1921)',
321 => '*[[1979]] – [[Beatrix Lehmann]], English actress and director (b. 1903)',
322 => '*[[1980]] – [[Pascual Jordan]], German physicist, author, and academic (b. 1902)',
323 => '* 1980 – [[Mohammed Rafi]], Indian [[playback singer]] (b. 1924)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.culturalindia.net/indian-music/indian-singers/rafi.html|title=All About Mohammad Rafi!|website=Culturalindia.net|access-date=30 July 2018}}</ref>',
324 => '*[[1981]] – [[Omar Torrijos]], Panamanian general and politician, [[List of heads of state of Panama|Military Leader of Panama]] (b. 1929)',
325 => '*[[1985]] – [[Eugene Carson Blake]], American religious leader (b. 1906)',
326 => '*[[1986]] – [[Chiune Sugihara]], Japanese diplomat (b. 1900)',
327 => '*[[1987]] – [[Joseph E. Levine]], American film producer (b, 1905)',
328 => '*[[1990]] – [[Albert Leduc]], Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1902)',
329 => '*[[1992]] – [[Leonard Cheshire]], English captain and pilot (b. 1917)',
330 => '*[[1993]] – [[Baudouin of Belgium|Baudouin]], King of Belgium (b. 1930)<ref>{{cite news |last1=Lyons |first1=Richard D. |title=Baudouin I, King of Belgium, Dies at 62 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/08/01/obituaries/baudouin-i-king-of-belgium-dies-at-62.html |access-date=27 July 2020 |work=The New York Times |date=1 August 1993}}</ref>',
331 => '*[[2000]] – [[William Keepers Maxwell Jr.]], American editor, novelist, short story writer, and essayist (b. 1908)',
332 => '*[[2001]] – [[Francisco da Costa Gomes]], Portuguese general and politician, 15th [[President of Portugal]] (b. 1914)',
333 => '* 2001 – [[Friedrich Franz, Hereditary Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin]] (b. 1910)',
334 => '*[[2003]] – [[Guido Crepax]], Italian author and illustrator (b. 1933)',
335 => '*[[2004]] – [[Virginia Grey]], American actress (b. 1917)',
336 => '*[[2005]] – [[Wim Duisenberg]], Dutch economist and politician, 1st [[President of the European Central Bank]] (b. 1935)',
337 => '*[[2009]] – [[Bobby Robson]], English footballer and manager (b. 1933)',
338 => '* 2009 – [[Harry Alan Towers]], English-Canadian screenwriter and producer (b. 1920)',
339 => '*[[2012]] – [[Mollie Hunter]], Scottish author and playwright (b. 1922)',
340 => '* 2012 – [[Alfredo Ramos (Brazilian footballer)|Alfredo Ramos]], Brazilian footballer and coach (b. 1924)',
341 => '* 2012 – [[Gore Vidal]], American novelist, screenwriter, and critic (b. 1925)',
342 => '* 2012 – [[Tony Sly]], American musician, singer-songwriter (b. 1970)',
343 => '*[[2013]] – [[Michael Ansara]], Syrian-American actor (b. 1922)',
344 => '* 2013 – [[Michel Donnet]], English-Belgian general and pilot (b. 1917)',
345 => '* 2013 – [[John Graves (author)|John Graves]], American captain and author (b. 1920)',
346 => '* 2013 – [[Trevor Storer]], English businessman, founded [[Pukka Pies]] (b. 1930)',
347 => '*[[2014]] – [[Warren Bennis]], American scholar, author, and academic (b. 1925)',
348 => '* 2014 – [[Nabarun Bhattacharya]], Indian journalist and author (b. 1948)',
349 => '* 2014 – [[Jeff Bourne]], English footballer (b. 1948)',
350 => '* 2014 – [[Wilfred Feinberg]], American lawyer and judge (b. 1920)',
351 => '*[[2015]] – [[Alan Cheuse]], American writer and critic (b. 1940)',
352 => '* 2015 – [[Howard W. Jones]], American surgeon and academic (b. 1910)',
353 => '* 2015 – [[Billy Pierce]], American baseball player and sportscaster (b. 1927)',
354 => '* 2015 – [[Roddy Piper]], Canadian wrestler and actor (b. 1954)',
355 => '* 2015 – [[Richard Schweiker]], American soldier and politician, 14th [[United States Secretary of Health and Human Services]] (b. 1926)',
356 => '*[[2016]] – [[Chiyonofuji Mitsugu]], Japanese sumo wrestler, the 58th [[Makuuchi#Yokozuna|Yokozuna]] (b. 1955)<ref name="tributes">{{cite web|url=http://www.japantimes.co.jp/sports/2016/08/01/sumo/sumo-wrestlers-pay-tribute-chiyonofuji/#.V59slk32Yy9|title=Sumo wrestlers pay tribute to Chiyonofuji|date=1 August 2016|publisher=Japan Times|access-date=1 August 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.japantimes.co.jp/sports/2016/07/31/sumo/sumo-icon-chiyonofuji-dies-61/|title=Sumo icon Chiyonofuji dies at 61|date=31 July 2016|via=Japan Times Online}}</ref>',
357 => '* 2016 – [[Seymour Papert]], South African mathematician (b. 1928)<ref name="MITobit">{{cite web|title=Professor Emeritus Seymour Papert, pioneer of constructionist learning, dies at 88|url=https://news.mit.edu/2016/seymour-papert-pioneer-of-constructionist-learning-dies-0801|website=MIT News|publisher=Massachusetts Institute of Technology|access-date=2016-08-03|date=August 1, 2016}}</ref>',
358 => '*[[2017]] – [[Jeanne Moreau]], French actress (b. 1928)',
359 => '*[[2018]] – [[Tony Bullimore]], British sailor & businessman (b. 1939)<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-bristol-45016915|title= Bristol sailor and entrepreneur Tony Bullimore dies aged 79|date=2018-07-31|work=BBC News}}</ref>',
360 => '*[[2019]] – [[Harold Prince]], Broadway producer and director, who received more [[Tony Award|Tony awards]] than anyone else in history (b. 1928)<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/3am/celebrity-news/breaking-harold-prince-dead-broadway-18806602|title= Harold Prince dead: Broadway director and producer Hal dies aged 91|date=2019-07-31|work=Mirror.uk}}</ref>',
361 => '*[[2020]] – [[Alan Parker]], English filmmaker (b. 1944)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.onthisday.com/deaths/date/2020?p=3|title=Famous People Who Died in 2020|website=On This Day|access-date=2020-08-22}}</ref>',
362 => '*[[2022]] – [[Fidel V. Ramos]], 12th [[President of the Philippines]] (b. 1928)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cueto |first=Francis Earl |date=2022-07-31 |title=Former president Fidel V. Ramos succumbs to Covid-19 |url=https://www.manilatimes.net/2022/07/31/news/former-president-fidel-v-ramos-succumbs-to-covid-19/1852907 |access-date=2022-07-31 |website=The Manila Times |language=en}}</ref>',
363 => '* 2022 – [[Bill Russell]], [[NBA]] Hall of Fame Player and Coach (b. 1934)<ref> {{Cite web |last=Goldman|first=Tom |date=2022-07-31 |title=Bill Russell, NBA Great with record 11 NBA titles, dies at 88 |url=https://www.npr.org/2022/07/31/961414664/bill-russell-dies-nba-celtics |access-date=2022-07-31|website=NPR |language=en}} </ref>',
364 => '*[[2023]] – [[Angus Cloud]], American actor (b. 1998)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2023/film/obituaries-people-news/angus-cloud-dead-1235684089/|title=Angus Cloud, 'Euphoria' Star, Dead at 25 |last=Sharf|first=Zack|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=July 31, 2023|access-date=August 1, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/pop-culture/pop-culture-news/angus-cloud-star-hbos-euphoria-dies-25-rcna97420|title=Angus Cloud, star of HBO's 'Euphoria,' dies at 25|publisher=NBC News|accessdate=July 31, 2023}}</ref>',
365 => '<!--Do not add people without Wikipedia articles to this list. Do not rely on "this year in history" websites for accurate date information. Do not link multiple occurrences of the same year, just link the first occurrence.-->',
366 => '**[[Saint Neot (monk)|Neot]]',
367 => '*[[Heroes' Day#Malaysia|Warriors' Day]] ([[Malaysia]])'
] |
