Old page wikitext, before the edit (old_wikitext) | '{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{inc-transport|date=October 2021}}
A '''maritime disaster''' is an event which usually involves a ship or ships and can involve military action. Because of the nature of maritime travel, there is often a substantial loss of life. The term maritime disaster can refer to both commercial ships and military naval ships. A maritime disaster can result in one or more of the following simultaneously;
*Loss of life
*Pollution of marine environment (in case of oil spill, foul discharge of materials, sulphur emitted from fuels, etc.)
*Degradation of the aquatic ecosystem
*Economical loss at a grand scale
*Destruction of onshore properties (accidents at harbor are not only limited to the vessels but also damage the nearest lands)
There are countless incidents reported on marine disasters.
[[File:Titanic in color.png|thumb|299x299px|RMS ''Titanic''.]]
The sinking of the British ocean liner {{RMS|Titanic}} in 1912, with more than 1,500 fatalities, is probably the most famous [[shipwreck]], but not the biggest in terms of lives lost. The wartime sinking of the German {{MV|Wilhelm Gustloff||2}} in January 1945 in World War II by a [[Soviet Navy]] submarine, with an estimated loss of about 9,400 people, remains the deadliest isolated maritime disaster ever, excluding such events as the destruction of entire fleets like the [[Kamikaze (typhoon)|1274 and 1281 storms]] that are said to have devastated [[Kublai Khan]]'s fleets in his [[Mongol invasions of Japan|invasions of Japan]]. The 1987 loss of the Philippine ferry {{MV|Doña Paz||2}}, with an estimated 4,386 dead, is the largest peacetime loss recorded.
==Peacetime==
All ships, including those of the military, are vulnerable to problems from weather conditions, faulty design or human error. The disasters listed below were not related directly to military action, though some of them occurred during periods of conflict. The table listings are in decreasing order with respect to the number of casualties.
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="display: inline-table"
|-
! data-sort-type="number"|Year
! width="115px"|Country
! class="unsortable"|Description
! data-sort-type="number"|Deaths
! class="unsortable"|Image
|-
|1987
|{{flagcountry|Philippines|1986}}
|{{MV|Doña Paz||2}} – Late on 20 December, while bound for [[Manila]] from [[Tacloban]], the passenger [[ferry]] collided with the [[oil tanker]] [[MT Vector|MT ''Vector'']] in the [[Tablas Strait]] near [[Marinduque]]. The collision ignited the ''Vector's'' cargo and the fire spread to the ''Doña Paz''; both ships burned and sank.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Asia's Titanic - Thousands Died Thirty Years Ago |url=https://www.maritime-executive.com/article/asias-titanic-thousands-died-thirty-years-ago |access-date=2020-08-06 |website=The Maritime Executive |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mariano |first=Kristin |date=2017-11-29 |title=Remembering Doña Paz, The Deadliest Shipwreck in History Worse Than The Titanic |url=https://www.elitereaders.com/remembering-dona-paz-deadliest-shipwreck-history-worse-titanic/ |access-date=2020-08-06 |website=Elite Readers |language=en-US}}</ref> Though ''Doña Paz'' was certified to only carry 1,518 passengers, thousands more were crammed on board and unlisted on its manifest.<ref>{{Cite web |last=De Guzman |first=Nicai |date=20 December 2018 |title=Hell at Sea: Remembering the Tragedy of the MV Doña Paz |url=https://www.esquiremag.ph/long-reads/features/dona-paz-a1729-20181220-lfrm |access-date=2020-08-06 |website=Esquiremag.ph}}</ref> Except for 26 passengers, everyone on the ''Doña Paz'' died, including its crew of 58; while on the ''Vector'' only 2 of its 13 crew survived.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://research.dnv.com/skj/Fsahla/Annex1.pdf |title=Det Norske Veritas Report No. 97-2053, Annex 1: Passenger Vessel Evacuation Descriptions, sec. I.4.1, p. I.36, FSA of HLA on PassengerVessels, C8065\annex 1.doc 1 November, 2001. |access-date=6 August 2020 |archive-date=30 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180930132847/http://research.dnv.com/skj/Fsahla/Annex1.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> The combined death toll from both ships is estimated at 4,386, making the incident the deadliest peacetime maritime disaster in history.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-04-01 |title=Ferry collides with oil tanker near Manila - HISTORY |url=https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/ferry-collides-with-oil-tanker-near-manila |access-date=2020-08-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401163352/https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/ferry-collides-with-oil-tanker-near-manila |archive-date=1 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=7 of the World's Deadliest Shipwrecks |url=https://www.britannica.com/list/7-of-the-worlds-deadliest-shipwrecks |access-date=2020-08-06 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref>
|4,386
|[[File:Doña Paz at Tacloban.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1991
|{{flagcountry|Egypt}}
|''[[Salem Express]]'' – At midnight between 14–15 December, while on a voyage from [[Jeddah]], Saudi Arabia to Safaga, Egypt, with at least 644 passengers, the ship struck a reef and sank within 10–20 minutes. The official death toll was 470, though some evidence suggests that the ship was overcrowded and the true death toll may have been much greater, likely more than 1,600.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wreck Diving In Egypt ; Safaga & Marsa Alam |date=8 June 2019 |url=https://www.blueocean-eg.com/blog/wreck-diving-egypt-salem-express}}</ref>
|1,600 (estimated)
|[[File:Diving Salem Express.JPG|border|125px]]
|-
|1993
|{{flagcountry|Haiti|civil}}
|[[Sinking of the ferry Neptune|Ferry ''Neptune'']] – Sank on 16 February.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://timelines.ws/countries/HAITI.HTML |title=Timeline Haiti |work=Timelines of History |accessdate=30 June 2013 |archive-date=10 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221210031038/https://www.timelines.ws/countries/HAITI.HTML |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/WORLD/9709/09/haiti |title=Red Cross lowers estimate of Haitian ferry victims |work=World News |publisher=CNN |date=9 September 1997 |accessdate=30 June 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/haiti-ferry-disaster-may-have-claimed-400-lives-1238199.html |title=Haiti ferry disaster may have claimed 400 lives |newspaper=[[The Independent]] |date=9 September 1997 |accessdate=30 June 2013 |location=London}}</ref><!---these are all reports of later sinkings but contain reports of the earlier Neptune sinking--->
|1,500 (estimated)
|
|-
|1912
|{{flagcountry|UK|government}}
|{{RMS|Titanic}} – A British [[ocean liner]] and, at the time, the world's largest ship. On 14 April, on its maiden voyage, it struck an iceberg, buckling part of its hull and causing it to sink during the early hours of 15 April. Exactly 712 of its 2,208 passengers and crew survived.<ref>Encyclopedia Titanica</ref> Her loss was the catalyst for major reforms in shipping safety and is arguably the most famous maritime disaster, being the subject of numerous media portrayals.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.splashoflife.com/508-28-reform-after-the-wreck-of-the-titanic/ |accessdate=6 July 2009 |title=28- Time for Reflection and Reform – after the Wreck of the Titanic}}</ref>
|1,513
|[[File:Stöwer Titanic (colorized).jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1954
|{{flagcountry|Japan|1947}}
|{{ship||Toya Maru||2}} – A [[train ferry]] that sank in [[Typhoon Marie (1954)|Typhoon Marie]] in the [[Tsugaru Strait]] between [[Hokkaido]] and [[Honshu]] on 26 September. It is said that 1,153 people aboard were killed but the exact number of fatalities remains unknown because some victims managed to board without tickets and others cancelled their passage just before sailing.
|1,153
|[[File:Toya Maru.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1914
|{{flagcountry|Canada|1868}}
|{{RMS|Empress of Ireland}} – On 29 May the passenger liner sank after colliding with the cargo ship ''[[Storstad]]'' on the [[Saint Lawrence River]], killing 1,012 people. About 465 survived.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.encyclopedia-titanica.org/item/1505/ |last=Murphy |first=Gavin |title=Swallowed in 14 Minutes |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Titanica |date=20 June 2001 |accessdate=30 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927012438/http://www.encyclopedia-titanica.org/item/1505/ |archive-date=27 September 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|1,012
|[[File:L’Empress of Ireland.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1904
|{{flagcountry|United States|1896}}
|{{ship|PS|General Slocum||2}} – The paddle steamer caught fire and sank in [[New York City]]'s [[East River]] on 15 June. 1,029 people were killed,<ref>National Geographic</ref> making it New York City's greatest loss of life until the [[September 11 attacks]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=A Debate Rises: How Much 9/11 Tribute Is Enough? |first=N.R. |last=Kleinfeld |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=2 September 2007 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/02/nyregion/02fatigue.html?ex=1346385600&en=7c3b9a843ec42d62&ei=5124&partner=permalink&exprod=permalink |accessdate=2 September 2007}}</ref>
|1,029
|[[File:EM NOVA-YORK. A grande catastrophe do vapor de passeio General Slocum. Morte horrível de 1.200 pessoas!.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1912
|{{flagcountry|Empire of Japan}}
|{{SS|Kiche Maru||2}} – Sank in a [[typhoon]] in the Pacific on 22 September. It is estimated that more than 1,000 persons died.<ref>{{cite book |last=Hendrickson |first=Robert |year=1992 |title=The Ocean Almanac |location=London |publisher=[[Hutchinson (publisher)|Hutchinson Reference]] |page=278 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z5sTAAAAYAAJ&q=%22Kiche+Maru%22%7C%22Kieko+Maru%22%7C%22Kioko+maru%22%7C%22Kickermaru%22 |accessdate=30 June 2013 |isbn=978-0-09-177355-7}}</ref>
|1,000+
|
|-
|1921
|{{flagicon image|Flag of the British Straits Settlements (1904–1925).svg}} [[Straits Settlements|Singapore]]
|{{SS|Hong Moh||2}} – On 3 March, the ship struck the White Rocks on Lamock Island near [[Swatow]] (Shantou) on the southern coast of China. It broke in two and sank killing about 1,000 of the 1,100 people aboard.
|1,000
|
|-
|1927
|{{flagcountry|Empire of Japan}}
|''Wusung'' – On 16 September, 900 Japanese workers died when the steamship, bound for [[Kamchatka]], sank off the [[Kuril Islands]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FA0B14FC3D5E147A93C5A81782D85F438285F9 |title=Reports 900 Drowned in a Japanese Wreck |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=17 September 1927 |accessdate=30 June 2013}}</ref>
|900
|
|-
|1994
|{{flagcountry|Estonia}}
|{{MS|Estonia||2}} – the [[Roll-on/roll-off]] ferry sank in heavy seas on 28 September. An investigation concluded that the failure of the bow visor door allowed water from the [[Baltic Sea]] to enter the ship. 852 people were killed; 137 survived.
|852
|[[File:MS Estonia model.jpg|125px]]
|-
|1915
|{{flagcountry|United States|1912}}
|{{SS|Eastland||2}} – On 24 July, while moored to the dock in the [[Chicago River]], the capacity load of passengers shifted to the river side of the ship causing it to roll over, killing 845 passengers and crew.
|845
|[[File:SS Eastland.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1996
|{{flagcountry|Tanzania}}
|{{MV|Bukoba||2}} – The overloaded ferry sank on 21 May on [[Lake Victoria]]. While the ship's manifest showed 443 aboard, it is estimated that about 800 people died in the sinking.
|800
|
|-
|1939
|{{flagcountry|Soviet Union|1936}}
|[[SS Indigirka|''Indigirka'']] – On 12 December the GULAG prisoner transport ship ''Indigirka'' ran aground and rolled on its side in shallow water during a [[blizzard]] off the Japanese coast near [[Sarufutsu]] while trying to enter the [[La Perouse Strait]].<ref>{{cite journal |author=anonymous |title=700 Believed Dead on Russian Vessel |journal=The New York Times |date=14 December 1939 |url=https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FB0911FF3E5A11728DDDAD0994DA415B898FF1D3&scp=1&sq=indigirka&st=cse}}</ref> While most of the crew and passengers were rescued an additional three days passed before a rescue of the trapped prisoners in the cargo holds could begin. Only 28 of the more than 700 prisoners were found alive with one of the 28 rescued later dying.
|741
|
|-
|1902
|{{flagcountry|UK|civil}}
|{{SS|Camorta||2}} – The ship was caught in a [[cyclone]] and sank in the [[Irrawaddy Delta]] on 6 May with the loss of all 655 passengers and 82 crew. It was ''en route'' from [[Madras]], India, to [[Rangoon]], Burma, across the [[Bay of Bengal]].
|737
|[[File:A and J Inglis No 160 SS Camorta (1880).jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1914
|{{flagcountry|UKGBI|naval}}
|{{HMS|Bulwark|1899|6}} – On 26 November, a powerful internal explosion ripped it apart at 7:50 am while it was moored at Number 17 buoy in Kethole Reach, {{convert|4|mi|km|abbr=on}} west of [[Sheerness]] in the [[River Medway]] estuary. All of its officers were killed, and out of its complement of 750, 14 survived; two of these subsequently died of wounds in hospital.
|736
|[[File:HMS Bulwark (1899).jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1904
|{{flagcountry|Denmark}}
|{{SS|Norge||2}} – On 28 June the ship ran aground on [[Helen's Reef]] near [[Rockall]]. 635 people were killed; 160 survivors spent as much as eight days in open boats before rescue.
|635
|[[File:SS Norge.jpg|125px|border|alt=''Norge'']]
|-
|1947
|{{flagcountry|British Raj}}
|''[[1947 Ramdas Ship Disaster|Ramdas]]'' – On 17 July the ship capsized {{convert|10|mi}} off [[Mumbai]], killing 625 people aboard. The wreck became known only as survivors swam ashore.
|625
|
|-
|1955
|{{flagcountry|Soviet Union|naval}}
|[[Italian battleship Giulio Cesare|''Novorossiysk'']] – On 29 October, the battleship was moored in [[Sevastopol Bay]], {{convert|300|m|yd}} from shore and opposite a hospital. At 01:30 hrs there was an explosion, after which the ship capsized and sank with the loss of 608 men. The official investigation concluded that the explosion had been caused by a German mine left from the [[Second World War]].
|608
|[[File:Battleship Giulio Cesare.jpg|125px|border|alt=''Novorossiysk'']]
|-
|1947
|{{flagcountry|United States|1912}}
|{{SS|Grandcamp||2}} – On 16 April, the French-registered [[Liberty ship]] caught fire and exploded dockside while being loaded with [[ammonium nitrate]] at [[Texas City, Texas]]. In what came to be called the [[Texas City Disaster]] an estimated 581 people, including all of the ship's crew and 28 firefighters, were killed and about 5,000 injured.
|581
|[[File:Txcitydisasterboat.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1981
|{{flagcountry|Indonesia}}
|''[[Tampomas II]]'' – On 27 January the ocean liner, carrying more people than its capacity limit of 1,137, sank in the [[Java Sea]] after a fire and explosion. At least 580 people were killed and 515 rescued.<ref>{{cite news |title=Sinking of Indonesian ocean liner puts new focus on ship safety reforms |author=Marshall Ingwerson |url=http://www.csmonitor.com/1981/0128/012847.html |work=[[The Christian Science Monitor]] |date=28 January 1981 |accessdate=25 September 2013}}</ref>
|580{{citation needed|date=February 2024}}
|
|-
|1920
|{{flagcountry|France}}
|[[SS Afrique (1907)|SS ''Afrique'']] – The passenger ship sank on 9 January in the Bay of Biscay in bad weather. It was carrying 602 passengers and crew, of whom only 34 were saved.
|568
|[[File:Paquebot afrique.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1986
|{{flag|Bangladesh|civil}}
|''[[Shamia (ferry)|Shamia]]'' – On 25 May the double deck river ferry, carrying about 1,000 people, capsized in the [[Meghna River]] {{convert|135|mi}} south of Dhaka in a storm. An estimated 500-600 people were killed.<ref>{{cite news |title=BANGLADESH SHIP, 1,000 ABOARD, SINKS |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/05/27/world/bangladesh-ship-1000-aboard-sinks.html |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |agency=Associated Press |date=27 May 1986 |accessdate=29 September 2013}}</ref>
|500–600
|
|-
|1919
|{{flagcountry|Spain|civil-1785}}
|''[[SS Valbanera|Valbanera]]'' – the steamship sank in the [[Gulf of Mexico]] {{convert|45|mi|abbr=on}} west of [[Key West, Florida]] in a hurricane in September. All of the 488 crew and passengers were killed.
|488
|[[File:Vapor Valbanera cropped.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|2000
|{{flagcountry|Indonesia}}
|''Cahaya Bahari'' – On 29 June the overloaded ferry carrying refugees from the [[Maluku Islands]] sank in a storm. Of the 491 aboard, 10 were rescued.<ref>{{cite news |title=Indonesian Ship Finds 10 From Wreck |first=Geoff |last=Spencer |url= https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1957&dat=20000704&id=64VGAAAAIBAJ&pg=1157,871586 |newspaper=[[The Daily Gazette]] |agency=Associated Press |date=3 July 2000 |accessdate=29 September 2013}}</ref>
|481
|
|-
|1916
|{{flagcountry|Spain|civil-1785}}
|{{ship||Príncipe de Asturias|ocean liner|2}} – Sank near the island of [[Ilhabela, São Paulo|Sao Sebastiao, Brazil]] on 5 March. At least 445 out of 588 aboard were killed.
|445
|[[File:Vapor Príncipe de Asturias en pruebas de mar.JPG|border|125px]]
|-
|1975
|{{flagcountry|China}}
|On 4 August, two passenger ships ''Hongxing 245'' and ''Hongxing 240'', on overnight trips between [[Guangzhou]] and [[Zhaoqing]], collided and sank on the Zhujiang River, 432 of the 800 people aboard were killed.
|432
|-
|1986
|{{flagcountry|Soviet Union}}
|{{SS|Admiral Nakhimov||2}} – On 31 August the ship collided with the [[bulk carrier]] ''Pyotr Vasyov'' in [[Tsemes Bay]], near the port of [[Novorossiysk]], [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Russian SFSR]]. 423 of the 1,234 people aboard were killed.
|423
|[[File:SSAdmiralNakhimov-1975-1.jpg|frameless|137x137px]]
|-
|1988
|{{flagcountry|India|civil}}
|A reported 400 people were killed when an unnamed passenger ferry struck a sand bar and capsized in the [[Ganges|Ganges River]].<ref>{{cite news |title=At Least 10 Reportedly Die in New Capsizing on Ganges |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/08/14/world/at-least-10-reportedly-die-in-new-capsizing-on-ganges.html |newspaper=The New York Times |agency=Associated Press |date=14 August 1988 |accessdate=29 September 2013}}</ref>
|400
|
|-
|1988
|{{flagcountry|Philippines|1986}}
|{{MV|Doña Marilyn||2}} – On the afternoon of 24 October, while sailing from [[Manila]] to [[Tacloban City]], the vessel was caught in [[Typhoon Ruby (1988)|Typhoon Unsang]] and sank leaving 389 people dead and 147 survivors. ''Doña Marilyn'' was a sister ship of {{MV|Doña Paz||2}} which sank a year earlier in the deadliest ever peace-time maritime disaster.<ref>{{cite news |title=Killer on the loose |url=http://manilastandardtoday.com/2013/08/19/killer-on-the-loose/ |author=MST news |newspaper=Manila Standard Today |date=19 August 2013 |accessdate=2 October 2013 |archive-date=29 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150929110938/http://manilastandardtoday.com/2013/08/19/killer-on-the-loose/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|389
|
|-
|1999
|{{flagcountry|Indonesia}}
|KM ''Bismas Raya 2'' – In October the ferry ''KM Bismas Raya 2'' caught fire, capsized and sank while off the coast of [[Merauke]]. A reported 361 people were killed.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Cribb |first1=R.B. |last2=Ford |first2=Michele |title=Indonesia Beyond the Water's Edge: Managing an Archipelagic State |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2760j2GaBXAC&q=Bismas+Raya+II+disaster&pg=PA148 |accessdate=29 September 2013 |year=2009 |publisher=ISEAS Publishing |isbn=978-981-230-985-3 |page=148}}</ref>
|361
|
|-
|1918
|{{flagcountry|United States|1912}}
|{{SS|Princess Sophia||2}} – On 23 October the passenger steamship ran aground on [[Vanderbilt Reef]] in [[Lynn Canal]] near [[Juneau, Alaska]]. Rescue ships were unable to assist due to the continuing storm, and it sank on the night of 25 October. The only survivor found was a pet dog. The sinking of the SS Princess Sophia is to this day the worst maritime accident in the history of [[British Columbia]] and [[Alaska]].
|343
|[[File:Princess Sophia (steamship) (ca 1912).jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1970
|{{flagcountry|South Korea|1949}}
|{{ship||Namyoung-ho|ship|2}} – The ferry sank on 15 December. It was carrying 338 people, who were traveling from [[Busan]] to [[Jeju City|Jeju]]; 326 people killed. See [[Sinking of Namyoung-Ho]]<ref name="dona0417">{{cite web |script-title=ko:남영호 사고 326명 사망 '최악'… 서해 페리호 292명 숨져 |trans-title=Namyoungho accident killed 326 people 'worst' ... Seohae ferry 292 people died |date=2014-04-17 |publisher=dongA.com |url=http://news.donga.com/Main/3/all/20140417/62829345/1 |language=Korean}}</ref>
|326
|
|-
|1927
|{{flagcountry|Kingdom of Italy|civil}}
|{{SS|Principessa Mafalda||2}} – On 25 October, the [[ocean liner]] sank off the coast of [[Brazil]] after its propeller shaft fractured and damaged its hull. It sank slowly in the presence of rescue vessels, but panic among passengers and crew caused the deaths of 314 of the 1,265 aboard.
|314
|[[File:Principessa Mafalda.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1999
|{{flagcountry|China}}
|''Dashun'' – On 24 November the ferry caught fire, broke apart and sank in rough seas off [[Yantai]] in eastern China. Of 336 aboard, 22 are known to have survived.<ref>{{cite news |title=China shipwreck toll may touch over 300 |url=http://expressindia.indianexpress.com/ie/daily/19991127/ige27034.html |newspaper=The Indian Express |publisher=Press Trust of India |date=27 November 1999 |accessdate=29 September 2013}}</ref>
|314
|
|-
|1999
|{{flagcountry|Indonesia}}
|''[[Harta Rimba]]'' – On 7 February the ferry foundered and sank after being struck by a large wave while drifting with engine problems. Of the 332 aboard 19 were rescued two days after the sinking by a passing ship. A distress signal was not sent out and the sinking was unknown until the survivors were found.<ref>{{cite news |title=World: Asia-Pacific Hundreds missing in ferry disaster |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/276480.stm |work=BBC News |date=10 February 1999 |accessdate=29 September 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://timelinesdb.com/listevents.php?subjid=499&title=Ship&fromrec=300 |title=Timelines of History Ship |website=Timelines |accessdate=29 September 2013}}</ref>
|313
|-
|1911
|{{flagcountry|France}}
|{{ship|French battleship|Liberté||2}} – battleship that suffered an accidental ammunition explosion; about 300 people were killed.
|300
|[[File:Liberte French Battleship LOC 04282u.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1981
|{{flagcountry|Brazil}}
|''[[Sobral Santos II]]'' The sinking was one of the worst maritime tragedies in the history of the [[Amazon River]].
|c. 300
|
|-
|1906
|{{flagcountry|Kingdom of Italy|civil}}
|{{SS|Sirio||2}} – On 4 August the cargo steamship sank after running aground and suffered a boiler explosion on the Punta Hormigas, a reef off Hormigas Island, two and a half miles east of [[Cape Palos]], [[Cartagena, Spain]]. 293, including Italian and Spanish emigrants bound for Argentina, of the 645 aboard were lost. Other sources put the death toll at over 500.
|293–500
|[[File:DC-1906-33-d Sirio.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1993
|{{flagcountry|South Korea|1984}}
|[[Sinking of the MV Seohae|Seohae Ferry]] – was a passenger ship that sank near Wi-do island, [[Jeolla]] Province. The ship was carrying 362 passengers (141 more than its capacity) and heavy freight in bad weather.
|292
|
|-
|1996
|{{flagcountry|Malta|civil}}
|[[Sinking of F174|''F174'']] – Severely overloaded and poorly maintained ship carrying migrants from South Asia, sank 19 miles off Portopalo di Capo Passero in Sicily.
|283+
|
|-
|1958
|{{flagcountry|Turkey}}
|{{SS|Üsküdar||2}} – A small passenger ferry sank due to heavy [[lodos]] weather in the [[Gulf of İzmit]] on 1 March. 272 passengers including seven crew died; 39 people survived.
|272
|
|-
|1994
|{{flagcountry|Kenya}}
|[[Likoni Ferry]] – On 29 April the overloaded passenger ferry ''Mtongwe One'' capsized and sank killing 272 people of the more than 300 aboard.<ref>{{cite news |title=16 years later, Kenya remembers |author=Claire Wanja |url=http://www.rnw.nl/africa/article/16-years-later-kenya-remembers |publisher=Radio Netherlands Worldwide – Africa |date=3 May 2010 |accessdate=29 September 2013 |archive-date=13 November 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113190344/http://www.rnw.nl/africa/article/16-years-later-kenya-remembers |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|272
|
|-
|1928
|{{flagcountry|Chile}}
|[[Transporter Angamos (1890)|''Angamos'']] – On 6 July it sailed bound for [[Talcahuano]] and sank off Punta Morguillas Lebu. Of the 269 people aboard 262 were lost and seven rescued. It was the second largest single maritime loss of life in the history of Chile.
|262
|[[File:Chilean transporter Angamos (1890).jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1996
|{{flagcountry|Indonesia}}
|''Gurita'' – On 19 January the ferry sunk during a strong storm six miles from Sabang. Of those on board, between 260 and 340 were killed and 47 survived.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/ferry-sinks-off-indonesian-coast |title=Ferry sinks off Indonesian coast - Jan 21, 1996 - HISTORY.com |access-date=7 June 2015 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304002258/http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/ferry-sinks-off-indonesian-coast |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|260-340
|
|-
|1913
|{{flagcountry|United States|1912}}
|[[Great Lakes Storm of 1913]] – A [[cyclonic]] [[blizzard]] (sometimes referred to as an inland hurricane) on the [[Great Lakes]] that occurred between 7 and 10 November. In total 12 ships were sunk with a combined crew loss of 255. An additional seven ships were damaged beyond repair; 19 more ships that had been stranded were later salvaged.
|255
|[[File:Wexford victims ashore, 1913.png|border|125px]]
|-
|1961
|{{flagcountry|United Kingdom|civil}}
|{{MV|Dara||2}} – sank in the [[Persian Gulf]] on 8 April, as a result of a powerful explosion that killed 238 of the 819 people aboard including 19 officers and 113 crew. The explosion is believed to have been caused by an explosive device placed aboard.
|238
|
|-
|1966
|{{flagcountry|Greece}}
|{{SS|Heraklion||2}} – a car ferry that capsized and sank on 8 December in the [[Aegean Sea]] in a storm. An unsecured vehicle damaged the loading door resulting in sea water entering the vessel. The sinking resulted in the death of 234 people out of 281 aboard.
|234
|<!-- [[WP:NFCC]] violation: [[File:SS Leicestershire.jpg|125px]] -->
|-
|1970
|{{flag|Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla}}
|{{MV|Christena||6}} – An overloaded passenger ferry boat that sank crossing the channel between the islands of [[St. Kitts]] and [[Nevis]], Leeward Islands.
|233
|
|-
|1953
|{{flagcountry|South Korea|1949}}
|{{ship||Changgyeong||2}} – The ferry sank on 5 January. It was cruising from [[Yeosu]] to [[Busan]].<ref>{{cite web |script-title=ko:창경호, 다대포서 침몰… 229명 사망 |trans-title=Changgyeong sank at Dadaepo... 229 died |date=2012-01-09 |publisher=Kyeonggi.com |url=http://www.kyeonggi.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=544549 |language=Korean}}</ref>
|229
|
|-
|1921
|{{flagcountry|Russian SFSR|1918}}
|{{ship||Sovnarkom|ship|2}} – on 10 May crashed into [[Novosibirsk]] railway bridge and sank in the [[Ob River]], resulting in the death of at least 225 (according to other estimates, 400).
|225–400
|[[File:Кормилецъ 1912.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1906
|{{flagcountry|Brazil|1889}}
|{{ship|Brazilian battleship|Aquidabã||2}} – an ironclad warship built during the mid-1880s. On 21 January, the powder magazine of the ship exploded, sinking it within three minutes. 212 people were lost.
|212
|[[File:A catastrophe da noite de 21, na bahia de Jacuecanga.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1909
|{{flagcountry|UKGBI|civil}}
|{{SS|Waratah||2}} – About 27 July, the steamship, ''en route'' from Australia to London, was lost without trace off [[Durban]] on the east coast of South Africa. All 211 aboard were lost.
|211
|[[File:Waratah1909.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1908
|{{flagcountry|Empire of Japan|naval}}
|{{ship|Japanese cruiser|Matsushima||2}} – On 30 April the cruiser ''Matsushima'', while returning from a training cruise and anchored at Mako in the Pescadores islands off Taiwan, had an accidental explosion occur in its ammunition magazine. ''Matsushima'' rolled over onto its starboard side and then sank stern-first. 206 of her 350 crew were lost.
|206
|[[File:Japanese cruiser Matsushima 2.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1919
|{{flagcountry|UKGBI|civil}}
|''[[Iolaire]]'' – ([[Scottish Gaelic]] for "Eagle") was an Admiralty yacht that hit rocks and sank on 1 January just off the [[Isle of Lewis]], while carrying soldiers coming home from World War I. At least 205 of the 280 men aboard were lost.
|205
|[[File:Admiralty-yacht-HMS-Iolaire-ship-Amalthaea-1908.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1988
|{{flag|Bangladesh|civil}}
|''Haisal'' – On 27 December the passenger ferry sank after being rammed from behind by a cargo ship on the [[Dhaleshwari River]] killing 200 people.<ref name="BBCNews">{{cite news |title=Shipping disasters timeline |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4678192.stm |work=BBC News |date=31 March 2006 |accessdate=25 September 2013}}</ref>
|200
|
|-
|1987
|{{flagcountry|United Kingdom|civil}}
|{{MS|Herald of Free Enterprise||2}} – Capsized and sank on 6 March due to taking on water just minutes after leaving the harbour at [[Port of Bruges-Zeebrugge|Zeebrugge]] in Belgium. The doors to the car decks were left open by the Assistant Bosun, Mark Stanley, causing the ferry to take on water and quickly capsize. Of the 539 aboard, 193 passengers and crew died.
|193
|[[File:Herald of Free Enterprise.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1983
|{{flagcountry|Soviet Union}}
|{{ship||Aleksandr Suvorov|ship|2}} – on 5 June the ship struck a girder of the [[Ulyanovsk]] railway bridge. The collision caused 177 deaths yet the ship stayed afloat, was restored and is still in use.
|177
|[[File:Теплоход суворов.JPG|border|125px]]
|-
|1980
|{{flagcountry|Philippines|1936}}
|[[Negros Navigation|''Don Juan'']] – On 22 April the luxury liner collided with an oil tanker ''Tacloban'' off [[Tablas Strait]] in [[Mindoro]] and sank 15 minutes later at a depth of 1,800 feet.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/1997/nov1997/110398.htm |title=G.R. No. 110398 - Negros Navigation vs The Court of Appeals, Ramon Miranda, SPS. Ricardo, and Virginia dela Victoria |publisher=[[Supreme Court of the Philippines]] |date=7 November 1997 |accessdate=19 August 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thenewstoday.info/2006/04/03/the.sinking.of.mv.don.juan.1.html |title=The Sinking of MV Don Juan (1) |publisher=The News of Today |date=3 April 2006 |accessdate=19 August 2013 |author=Atty. Salvilla, Rex S.}}</ref> The vessel was carrying 1,004 passengers but was only cleared to carry 864 persons including its crew.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1989/dec1989/gr_88052_1989.html |title=G.R. No. 88052 - The Macenas' and Javier vs The Court of Appeals, Capt. Sebastian, and Negros Navigation |publisher=Arellano Law Foundation |date=14 December 1989 |accessdate=19 August 2013}}</ref>
|176
|
|-
|1952
|{{flagcountry|United States|1912}}
|{{USS|Hobson|DD-464|6}} – On the night of 26 April, ''Hobson'' was steaming in formation with carrier USS ''Wasp'' (CV-18) about 600 miles (1000 kilometers) west of the Azores. The ''Hobson'' crossed the carrier's bow and was promptly struck amidships. The force of the collision rolled the destroyer-minesweeper over, breaking it in two. USS ''Rodman'' (DD-456) and the ''Wasp'' rescued many survivors but the ship and 176 of its crew were killed.
|176
|[[File:USS Hobson (DMS-26) underway in 1948.jpg|125px]]
|-
|1985
|{{flagcountry|China}}
|On 19 August an overloaded ferry operated by drunk pilots capsized in the [[Songhua River]], 174 of the 234 people aboard were lost.<ref>{{cite web |title=Rescue workers recovered 110 bodies from the Songhua River... |url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1985/08/19/More-than-110-people-died-and-up-to-26/6045493272000/ |website=UPI |publisher=United Press International |access-date=17 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Drunk skippers tip ferry, killing 174 |url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1985/09/11/Drunk-skippers-tip-ferry-killing-174/9452495259200/ |website=UPI |publisher=United Press International |access-date=17 November 2022}}</ref>
|174
|
|-
|1914
|{{flagcountry|Dominion of Newfoundland}}
|{{SS|Southern Cross|1886|2}} – Lost with all 173 crew in a storm between 31 March and 3 April. Believed to be near [[Cape Pine]], Newfoundland.
|173
|[[File:SS Southern Cross, Derwent River, 1898.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1955
|{{flagcountry|Japan|1947}}
|''[[Shiun Maru]]'' – 11 May. Collided in dense fog with sister ship ''Uko Maru'' in the [[Seto Inland Sea]] and sank with the loss of 166 passengers and two crew members.
|166
|
|-
|1990
|{{flagcountry|Denmark}}
|{{MS|Scandinavian Star||2}} – caught fire ''en route'' between Norway and Denmark, killing 159 people.
|159
|[[File:MS Scandinavian Star 001.jpg|125px]]
|-
|1981
|{{Flagcountry|Brazil}}
|Novo Amapá - On January 6, the ferry left [[Santana, Amapá]] with 600 passengers. The ship was overcrownded and capsized at [[Almeirim, Pará|Almeirim]]. The exact number of fatalities remains unknown, but it is estimated between 150 and 300.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Novo Amapá: naufrágio que vitimou centenas de pessoas na Amazônia completa 42 anos |url=https://g1.globo.com/ap/amapa/noticia/2023/01/06/novo-amapa-naufragio-que-vitimou-cerca-de-600-pessoas-na-amazonia-completa-42-anos.ghtml |access-date=2023-01-30 |website=G1 |date=6 January 2023 |language=pt-br}}</ref>
|150-300
|
|-
|1998
|{{flagcountry|Philippines|1986}}
|{{MV|Princess of the Orient||2}} – On 18 September, the ferry, while travelling from [[Manila]] to [[Cebu]], sailed into [[Typhoon Vicki]]. It capsized at 12:55 pm near [[Fortune Island (Philippines)|Fortune Island]] in [[Batangas]]. Of 388 passengers aboard, an estimated 150 died. Passengers floated in the sea for more than 12 hours before rescuers were able to reach the survivors.
|150
|[[File:ROPAX Sunflower11.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1907
|{{flagcountry|United States|1896}}
|''Larchmont'' – On 12 February, the paddle steamer sank off [[Block Island, Rhode Island]] after colliding with the schooner ''Harry Knowlton''. About 150 of the people 200 aboard were killed.<ref>{{cite news |title=Block Island, Rhode Island Larchmont Disaster February 1907 |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=14 February 1907 |url=http://www.gendisasters.com/data1/ri/ships/blockisland-larchmontdisaster1907.htm |accessdate=8 December 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081229035506/http://www.gendisasters.com/data1/ri/ships/blockisland-larchmontdisaster1907.htm |archive-date=29 December 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|150–200
|[[File:Steamship Larchmont.jpg|125px]]
|-
|1912
|{{flagcountry|UKGBI|civil}}
|{{SS|Koombana||2}} – disappeared on 20 March north of Port Hedland, Western Australia, in a tropical cyclone with the loss of about 76 passengers and 74 crew.
|150
|[[File:SS Koombana.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1989
|{{flagcountry|Romania}}
|''Mogoșoaia'' – On 10 January the ferry collided with a tug boat on the [[Danube River]] near [[Galați]]. Of those on board, between 151 and 239 were killed and 16 to 18 survived.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1989/09/11/Romania-to-investigate-collision-on-Danube/8156621489600/ |title=Romania to investigate collision on Danube}}</ref>
|151-239
|
|-
|1950
|{{flagcountry|Soviet Union|1936}}
|''Majakovskis'' [[Riga]] – sank in the [[Daugava River]] on 13 August, 147 died.
|147
|
|-
|1994
|{{flagcountry|Philippines|1986}}
|{{MV|Cebu City||2}} – On 2 December, the ferry collided with a Singaporean freighter ''Kota Suria'' and sank in [[Manila Bay]] killing 140 people.
|140
|
|-
|1991
|{{flagcountry|Italy|civil}}
|''[[Moby Prince]]'' – On 10 April, the ferry collided with the oil tanker ''Agip Abruzzo'' in [[Livorno|Livorno harbour]] and caught fire, killing 140 of the 141 people aboard.
|140
|[[File:Moby Prince.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1934
|{{flagcountry|United States|1912}}
|{{SS|Morro Castle (1930)||2}} – During the early morning hours of 8 September, while ''en route'' from Havana to New York, the passenger liner caught fire and burned, killing 137 passengers and crew members out of the 549 aboard. The ship was beached near [[Asbury Park, New Jersey]], and remained there for several months until it was eventually towed away and sold for scrap.
|137
|[[File:SS Morro Castle burning cph.3b14818.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1929
|{{flagcountry|Finland}}
|{{SS|Kuru||2}} – Passenger steamer sank after capsizing in high winds on 7 September in [[Näsijärvi|Lake Näsijärvi]] near [[Tampere]]. An estimated 136–138 people were lost.
|136–138
|[[File:Höyrylaiva Kuru.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1901
|{{flagcountry|United States|1896}}
|{{SS|City of Rio de Janeiro||2}} – ''en route'' from [[Hong Kong]], this passenger ship sank on 21 February after striking a submerged reef at the entry to [[San Francisco Bay]], killing more than 135 passengers and crew.
|135
|[[File:CA-boys-on-board-the-city-of-rio-de-janeiro-mail-steamer-1898.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1953
|{{flagcountry|United Kingdom|civil}}
|{{MV|Princess Victoria||2}} – Sank on 31 January in the [[North Channel (Great Britain and Ireland)|North Channel]] (between Scotland and Northern Ireland), in a severe storm killing 133 people. Its sinking had the greatest death toll in UK waters since World War II.
|133
|
|-
|1957
|{{flagcountry|West Germany}}
|{{ship||Pamir|ship|2}} – On 21 September the four-masted barque was caught in [[Hurricane Carrie]] and sank off the Azores with six survivors rescued of 138 aboard.
|132
|[[File:Pamir Modell.jpg|125px]]
|-
|1913
|{{flagcountry|Canada|1868}}
|{{SS|Volturno|1906|2}} – On 9 October the steamship, carrying mostly immigrants bound for New York, caught fire in a gale in the North Atlantic. 520 people were rescued. About 130 people, most of them women and children in lifeboats launched unsuccessfully, were killed.
|130
|[[File:Steamship Volturno.jpg|125px]]
|-
|1963
|{{flagcountry|United States}}
|{{USS|Thresher|SSN-593}} – A nuclear-powered attack submarine that sank on deep-diving tests on 10 April about {{convert|220|nmi|km}} east of Boston, Massachusetts.
|129
|[[File:USS Thresher;0859306.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1963
|{{flagcountry|Greece}}
|{{ship|TSMS|Lakonia}} – Caught fire and burned in the Atlantic Ocean on 22 December. 128 people died, of whom 95 were passengers and 33 were crew members. 53 people were killed by the fire. The rest died from exposure, drowning, and injuries sustained while diving overboard.
|128
|
|-
|1907
|{{flagcountry|UKGBI|civil}}
|{{SS|Berlin|1894|2}} – On 21 February the steamship was driven onto the granite breakwater at the [[Nieuwe Waterweg|New Waterway]] ship canal in the Netherlands by large waves and then broke apart. Of 144 people aboard, 128 were lost.
|128
|[[File:SS Berlin.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1905
|{{flagcountry|UKGBI|civil}}
|{{SS|Hilda||2}} – A steamship on a [[English Channel|cross-Channel]] run that sank killing 125 people.
|125
|[[File:SS Hilda shipwreck.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1911
|{{flagcountry|Australia|civil}}
|{{SS|Yongala||2}} – The ship sank off Cape Bowling Green, Australia, after steaming into a cyclone. There were no survivors of the 122 aboard.
|122
|[[File:SS Yongala 3.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1973
|{{flagcountry|Malaysia}}
|{{MV|Pulau Kidjang||2}} – On 26 December, the passenger ferry sank in the [[Rejang River]] near Tanjung Jerijeh, [[Sarawak]], {{convert|3.5|nmi|km}} west of Sarikei in the monsoon season. Of 159 people were aboard, 38 were saved including 18 sailors. 41 bodies were found.
|121
|
|-
|1907
|{{flagcountry|France}}
|{{ship|French battleship|Iéna||2}} – On 12 March, while in drydock in the Missiessy Basin at Toulon, the battleship suffered a series of internal explosions in her magazine. The first explosion was caused by Powder B, a [[nitrocellulose]]-based propellant in the ammunition, which tended to become unstable with age, and self-ignite. The explosion killed 120 people including two civilians hit by fragments in the suburb of Le Pont Du Las.
|120
|[[File:Iéna.JPG|border|125px]]
|-
|1908
|{{flagicon|Malta|1898}} [[Crown Colony of Malta|Malta]]
|{{SS|Sardinia|1888|2}} – The passenger-cargo ship burst into flames minutes after leaving the [[Grand Harbour]], and ran aground off [[Fort Ricasoli]]. Only 33 people on board survived, and at least 118 were killed.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gulf of Corcovado |url=http://www.tynebuiltships.co.uk/G-Ships/gulfofcorcovado1888.html |website=Tyne Built Ships |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190708121648/http://www.tynebuiltships.co.uk/G-Ships/gulfofcorcovado1888.html |archivedate=8 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=The Tragic end of the 'Maltese Titanic' |url=https://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2012-10-07/news/the-tragic-end-of-the-maltese-titanic-317022/ |work=[[The Malta Independent]] |date=7 October 2012 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200118021148/https://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2012-10-07/news/the-tragic-end-of-the-maltese-titanic-317022/ |archivedate=18 January 2020}}</ref>
|118+
|
|-
|1949
|{{flagcountry|Canada|1921}}
|{{SS|Noronic||2}} – Caught fire at the dockside in [[Toronto Harbour]] on 16 September. Estimates ranged from 118 to 139 fatalities. Most of the deaths were from suffocation or burns. However, some died from being trampled or from leaping off the upper decks onto the pier; only one person drowned.
|118–139
|[[File:SS Noronic moored in Toronto, 1930.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|2000
|{{Navy|Russia}}
|{{ship|Russian submarine|Kursk||2}} – The submarine, one of the Russian navy's most advanced vessels, [[Kursk submarine disaster|sank]] in the [[Barents Sea]] on 12 August with the loss of all 118 people on board. An explosion of fuel from an old torpedo caused the disaster.<ref>{{cite news |title=Russians remember Kursk submarine disaster, 10 years on|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-10950701 |work=BBC|access-date=25 October 2022 |date=12 August 2010}}</ref>
|118
|
|-
|1906
|{{flagcountry|United States|1896}}
|{{SS|Valencia||2}} – Shortly before midnight on 22 January, it struck a reef near [[Pachena Point]] on the southwest coast of [[Vancouver Island]] and sank. Estimates of the number of people killed vary widely. Some sources list it at 117; others claim it was as high as 181. According to the federal report, the official death toll was 136. 37 men survived, but every woman and child aboard was lost.
|117–181
|[[File:SS Valencia Side.png|border|125px]]
|-
|1928
|{{flagcountry|United Kingdom|civil}}
|{{SS|Vestris||2}} – On 12 November the ship began listing about {{convert|200|nmi|km}} off [[Hampton Roads, Virginia]], was abandoned, and sank killing more than 100 people.
|110
|[[File:SS Vestris Postcard.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1908
|{{flagcountry|United States|1908}}
|''[[Star of Bengal]]'' – On 20 September, in the beginning of its return trip from Fort Wrangell to San Francisco, the ship was in tow into the open sea when it encountered a storm. The ship struck the rocks near the shore of Coronation Island and sunk, killing approximately 110 of 138 people aboard.
|110
|[[File:StateLibQld 1 172019 Star of Bengal (ship).jpg|125px]]
|-
|1940
|{{flagcountry|Kingdom of Italy|civil}}
|''[[MS Orazio|Orazio]]'' – On 21 January the passenger liner caught fire and burned 35 miles off [[Toulon]], France. 48 of the 423 passengers and 60 of the 210 crew died in the fire.
|108
|[[File:MS Orazio 1920s.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1946
|{{flagcountry|Soviet Union|1936}}
|''Dalstroy'' – The Soviet steamer operating during the 1930s and 1940s from the port of [[Nakhodka]] to [[Magadan]] and delivering cargo and prisoners to [[Kolyma]], exploded on July 24, during the loading of [[ammonal]] in Nakhodka, due to gross safety violations. The explosion resulted in the death of 105 people, as well as significant property damage and environmental pollution.
|105
|
|-
|1954
|{{flagcountry|United States|1912}}
|''[[USS Bennington (CV-20)|USS Bennington]]'' ''–'' At 06:11 on 26 May, while cruising off [[Narragansett Bay]], the fluid in one of its [[Aircraft catapult|aircraft catapults]] leaked out and was detonated by the flames of a jet causing the forward part of the flight deck to explode, setting off a series of secondary explosions which killed 103 crewmen, predominantly among the senior NCO's of the crew and injured 201 others.<sup>[[USS Bennington (CV-20)|[1]]]</sup>''Bennington'' proceeded under its own power to [[Naval Air Station Quonset Point]], [[Rhode Island]], to land the injured. This tragedy caused the Navy to switch from hydraulic catapults to steam catapults for launching aircraft. A monument to the sailors who died in this tragic event was erected near the southwest corner of [[Fort Adams State Park]] in Newport, Rhode Island.
|103
|[[File:USS Bennington (CVS-20) underway at sea on 5 March 1965 (NH 97581).jpg|125px]]
|-
|1939
|{{flagcountry|United Kingdom|naval}}
|{{HMS|Thetis|N25|6}} – A [[British T-class submarine|T-class submarine]] that sank in [[Liverpool Bay]] on 1 June after inadvertent opening of both doors of a torpedo tube to the sea whilst diving. 99 people were killed, including shipyard workers who were aboard for sea trials. Raised and refitted, as {{HMS|Thunderbolt|N25|6}} the boat was later sunk by Italian anti-submarine forces in the Mediterranean Sea during March 1943.
|99
|[[File:HMSM Thunderbolt.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1968
|{{flagcountry|United States}}
|{{USS|Scorpion|SSN-589}} – A nuclear-powered submarine that sank (due most likely to an internal explosion) on 22 May {{convert|460|nmi|km}} southwest of the [[Azores]] in the Atlantic Ocean.
|99
|[[File:Uss scorpion SSN589.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1933
|{{flagcountry|Soviet Union|1924}}
|''[[The Fourth disaster]]'' – a boat sank in the Volga near [[Yaroslavl]] on 9 July. At least 98 died.
|98
|
|-
|1959
|{{flagcountry|Denmark}}
|{{ship||Hans Hedtoft|ship|2}} – The liner was sailing from [[Greenland]] when it struck an iceberg and sank on 30 January. There were 40 crew members and 55 passengers aboard. No-one survived. It was on its maiden voyage and was said to be "unsinkable" due to its strong design.
|95
|<!-- [[WP:NFCC]] violation: [[File:MS Hans Hedtoft.jpg|125px]] -->
|-
|1911
|{{flagcountry|France}}
|SS ''Emir'' – On 9 August the steamship was struck and sunk by the British steamship ''Silverton'' in dense fog in the [[Strait of Gibraltar]] off the coast of [[Tarifa|Tarifa, Spain]]. 71 passengers and 24 crew members were killed while 15 passengers and 12 crew members were rescued.<ref>{{cite news |title=Steamer Sinks With 95 Aboard |url=https://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=SRPD19110810.2.5 |accessdate=10 June 2017 |newspaper=The Press Democrat |date=10 August 1911}}</ref>
|95
|
|-
|1918
|{{flagcountry|Dominion of Newfoundland}}
|{{SS|Florizel||2}} – Sank after striking a reef at Horn Head Point [[Cape Race]] near [[Cappahayden]], Newfoundland on 23 February. Of 144 people aboard, 94 were killed.
|94
|[[File:SS florizel.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1989
|{{flagcountry|Thailand}}
|''[[Drillship Seacrest|Seacrest]]'' – the [[Unocal]] drilling ship capsized in the [[Gulf of Thailand]] on 3 November in [[Typhoon Gay]]. 91 of its crew complement of 97 were lost.
|91
|
|-
|1916
|{{flagcountry|United Kingdom|civil}}
|[[SS Connemara|''Connemara'']] – On 3 November the ferry sank at the entrance to [[Carlingford Lough]], [[County Louth|Louth]], Ireland after being hit amidships by the coal ship ''Retriever'' which also sank. All 82 aboard the ''Connemara'' were killed, and only one crew member of the ''Retriever'''s crew of nine were rescued.
|90
|[[File:SS Connemara.jpg|125px]]
|-
|1965
|{{flagcountry|Panama}}
|{{SS|Yarmouth Castle||2}} – The steamship's loss in a disastrous fire prompted new laws for safety at sea. 87 people were killed, three of the rescued passengers later died in hospital, bringing the death toll to 90.
|90
|[[File:Yarmouth Castle fire.JPG|border|125px]]
|-
|1907
|{{flagcountry|United States|1896}}
|{{SS|Columbia|1880|2}} – A little more than 20 minutes past midnight on 21 July, the passenger steamship collided with the [[West coast lumber trade#Steam schooners|steam schooner]] ''San Pedro'' in dense fog sinking in less than 9 minutes, killing 88 people, including all children aboard. The sinking of ''Columbia'' partially caused public outrage against American operated Pacific coastal steamships.
|88
|[[File:SS Columbia Undated Photograph.png|border|125px]]
|-
|1922
|{{flagcountry|Mexico|1916}}
|''Topolobampo'' – In November, the 36-ton steamer left [[Guaymas]] carrying 125 passengers bound for the cotton fields of [[Mexicali]]. Around midnight at the end of 18 November, the vessel was hit by a nearly 15-foot [[tidal bore]] traveling up the [[Colorado River]]. 86 people drowned; 21 bodies were recovered. 39 survivors were found.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Waters |first1=Frank |title=The Colorado |date=1946 |pages=106–107 |edition=First printing}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Mose and Estelle Daniels |title=Tidal Bore |journal=Arizona Highways |date=May 1954 |page=28 |url=http://azmemory.azlibrary.gov/cdm/ref/collection/aho/id/761}}</ref>
|86
|
|-
|1982
|{{flagcountry|Canada}}
|''[[Ocean Ranger]]'' – On 15 February a semi-submersible mobile offshore drilling unit sank on the [[Grand Banks of Newfoundland]], {{convert|267|km}} east of [[St. John's, Newfoundland]] with the loss of all 84 crew members.
|84
|[[File:Ranger2.png|border|125px]]
|-
|1997
|{{flagcountry|Albania}}
|[[Tragedy of Otranto|''Kateri i Radës'']] – On 28 March the ship sank after a collision with the Italian naval vessel ''Sibilia'' in the Strait of Otranto. Of the 142 on board, 83 lost their lives.
|83
|
|-
|1964
|{{flagcountry|Australia|naval-1913}}
|{{HMAS|Voyager|D04|6}} – On 10 February, while undergoing post-refitting exercises, the destroyer was [[Melbourne-Voyager collision|rammed and sunk]] off [[Jervis Bay]], New South Wales, by the [[aircraft carrier]] {{HMAS|Melbourne|R21|6}}, which was also performing post-refitting exercises.<ref name="Frame">{{cite book |last=Frame |first=Tom |authorlink=Tom Frame (bishop) |title=The Cruel Legacy: the HMAS Voyager tragedy |year=2005 |publisher=Allen & Unwin |location=Crows Nest, NSW |isbn=1-74115-254-2 |oclc=61213421 |pages=1–15}}</ref> 82 of the 314 people aboard ''Voyager'' were lost;<ref name="Frame" /> Australia's largest peacetime loss of military personnel.
|82
|[[File:HMAS Melbourne (R21), HMAS Voyager (D04) and HMAS Vendetta (D08) underway, circa in 1959 (AWM 301014).jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|2000
|{{flagcountry|Greece}}
|{{MS|Express Samina||2}} – On 26 September, the roll-on/roll-off ferry hit a reef and sank at 23:02 hrs near the island of [[Paros]]. Of the 534 people aboard (473 passengers and 61 crew), 82 were lost.
|82
|
[[File:"Express Samina" - Piraeus, 2000.jpg |border|125px]]
|-
|1953
|{{flagcountry|Turkey}}
|[[USS Blower (SS-325)|TCG ''Dumlupınar'']] – On 4 April, the submarine sank with all crew after colliding with the Swedish freighter ''Naboland'' in the [[Dardanelles]].
|81
|[[File:USS Blower;0832501.jpg|125px]]
|-
|1981
|{{flagcountry|Philippines|1936}}
|{{BRP|Datu Kalantiaw|PS-76|2}} – a Philippine Navy destroyer escort driven aground by [[Typhoon Clara (1981)|Typhoon Clara]] on 21 September. 79 of its 97 crew were killed.
|79
|[[File:BRP Datu Kalantiaw (PS-76) capsized on Cayalan Island, Philippines, 22 September 1981 (6371751).jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1976
|{{flagcountry|United States}}
|''[[MV George Prince ferry disaster|George Prince]]'' – On 20 October, a small automobile ferry crossing the [[Mississippi River]] in [[Louisiana]] collided with the tanker ''Frosta'', capsized and sank. Of 96 people aboard, 78 were lost.
|78
|[[File:Luling Ferry Accident 1976.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1929
|{{flagcountry|United States|1912}}
|''[[SS San Juan|San Juan]]'' – On the night of 29 August, the coastal liner, outbound from [[San Francisco]] bound for [[Los Angeles]], collided in dense fog with the oil tanker ''S.C.T. Dodd'' in the Pacific Ocean north of [[Monterey, California|Monterey]]. The ageing ''San Juan'' was a poorly maintained 47-year-old wrought iron steamship, allowing the ''Dodd'' to cut halfway into its stern and destroyed a lifeboat. The ''San Juan'' capsized to port and sank stern first in less than three minutes killing 77 people. Most of the survivors were dragged down with the sinking ship only to swim free of the sinking vessel during the final plunge. The ''San Juan'' sinking helped end of the use of coastal passenger steamships.<ref name="Belyk">{{Cite book |title=Great Shipwrecks of the Pacific Coast |last=Belyk |first=Robert C. |publisher=Wiley |year=2001 |isbn=0-471-38420-8 |location=New York City}}Chapter; San Juan: End of An Era</ref>
|77
|[[File:SS San Juan in 1895.PNG|border|125px]]
|-
|1978
|{{flagcountry|Singapore}}
|[[Spyros disaster|''Spyros'']] – On 12 October, while undergoing repairs dockside, the Greek tanker exploded at the Jurong Shipyard killing 76 people.
|76
|
|-
|1909
|{{flagcountry|New Zealand|civil}}
|{{SS|Penguin||2}} – On 12 February, the inter-island ferry hit a rock near the entrance to [[Wellington Harbour]], sinking then exploding when water entered its boiler room. Of the 105 people aboard, 75 died.
|75
|[[File:SS Penguin.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1951
|{{flagcountry|United Kingdom|naval}}
|{{HMS|Affray|P421|6}} – an {{sclass|Amphion|submarine|2}} that disappeared on 16 April on a training exercise in the English Channel, killing all 75 crew. It is the last Royal Navy submarine to have been lost at sea.
|75
|[[File:HMS Affray P421.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1928
|{{flagcountry|Denmark}}
|{{ship||København|ship|2}} – a five-masted barque used as a naval training vessel until it disappeared with 75 aboard after 22 December. Built by the Danish East Asiatic Company in 1921, it was the world's largest sailing ship at the time, and served primarily for sail training of young cadets.
|75
|[[File:StateLibQld 1 143507 København (ship).jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1969
|{{flagcountry|United States}}
|{{USS|Frank E. Evans|DD-754|6}} – On 3 June, while operating as an airplane guard for the Australian aircraft carrier {{HMAS|Melbourne|R21|6}} in the [[SEATO]] training exercise Sea Spirit, the destroyer crossed the bows of the carrier and was [[Melbourne-Evans collision|rammed and sunk]].<ref name="FramePP">{{cite book |last=Frame |first=Tom |authorlink=Tom Frame (bishop) |title=Pacific Partners: a history of Australian–American naval relations |year=1992 |location=Rydalmere, NSW |publisher=[[Hodder & Stoughton]] |isbn=0-340-56685-X |oclc=27433673 |pages=126–8}}</ref> Of the 273 aboard ''Evans'', 74 died.<ref name="FramePP" /> The management of the inquiry into the collision was seen as detrimental to [[United States–Australia relations]].<ref name="FramePP" />
|74
|[[File:USS Frank E. Evans (DD-754).jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1995
|{{flagcountry|Philippines|1986}}
|[[List of maritime disasters in the Philippines|''Viva Antipolo VII'']] – On 16 May the ferry caught fire and sank in the vicinity of [[Lucena, Quezon]]. Of the 214 people aboard, 62 were killed and 10 were missing in the accident.<ref>{{cite news |title=Major marine mishaps in the Philippines |publisher=GMA News Online |date=23 June 2008 |url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/102803/news/major-marine-mishaps-in-the-philippines |accessdate=5 July 2015}}</ref>
|72
|
|-
|1972
|{{flagcountry|United Kingdom|civil}}
|{{ship|STV|Royston Grange}} – The British [[cargo liner]] was destroyed by fire after a collision with the petroleum tanker ''Tien Chee'' in the [[Rio de la Plata]] on 11 May. There were no survivors from the 72 people aboard.
|72
|
|-
|1996
|{{flag|Philippines|1986}}
|''Gretchen I'' – On 19 February the overloaded ferry capsized and sank off [[Cadiz, Negros Occidental|Cadiz]] with the loss of 71 people. There were at least 141 survivors.<ref name="Times200296">{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=Ferry captain held after 54 drowned |date=20 February 1996 |page=11 |issue=65507 |column=D-E}}</ref>
|71
|
|-
|1925
|{{flagcountry|United Kingdom|naval}}
|{{HMS|M1|1917|6}} – The submarine sank with all crew (69) on 12 November after being struck by the Swedish ship {{SS|Vidar||2}} while submerged in the English Channel.
|69
|[[File:HMS M1 from air port bow.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1989
|{{flag|Guatemala|civil}}
|''Justo Rufino Barrios II'' – On 1 January the ferry sank in [[Amatique Bay]] whilst being towed by a [[Guatemalan Navy]] vessel, after running out of fuel, with the loss of 67 lives. It was reported that the ship was overloaded with passengers at the time of the accident.<ref name="Times030189">{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=Rio ship operators charged as toll from sinking rises |author=Mac Margolis |date=3 January 1989 |page=5 |issue=63281 |column=C-E}}</ref><ref name="NYT030189">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/01/03/world/67-die-when-ferry-sinks-in-caribbean.html |title=67 DIE WHEN FERRY SINKS IN CARIBBEAN |newspaper=The New York Times |date=3 January 1989 |accessdate=6 May 2012}}</ref>
|67
|
|-
|1901
|{{flagcountry|UKGBI|naval}}
|{{HMS|Cobra|1899|6}} – the destroyer's brief career ended when it broke its back and sank near Cromer on 18 September. 67 men were lost; 12 saved.
|67
|[[File:HMS Cobra (1899).jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1950
|{{flagcountry|United Kingdom|naval}}
|{{HMS|Truculent|P315|6}} – The T-class submarine sank in the [[Thames Estuary]] on 12 January after colliding with the Swedish oil tanker ''Divina''. A total of 64 people died, most in freezing cold mid-winter conditions after escaping the collision.
|64
|[[File:HMS Truculent.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1921
|{{flagcountry|UKGBI|naval}}
|{{HMS|K5}} – A [[British K-class submarine|K-class submarine]], lost with all crew (57) on 20 January when it sank ''en route'' to a mock battle in the [[Bay of Biscay]].
|57
|[[File:HMS K5 aerial view AWM H11994.jpeg|border|125px]]
|-
|1921
|{{flagcountry|United States|1912}}
|[[USS Conestoga (AT-54)|USS ''Conestoga'']] – The ship was missing and lost with all crew after it left 25 March from [[Mare Island|Mare Island, California]], heading for [[Pearl Harbor]], Hawaii. The wreck was located in 2009 in the [[Greater Farallones National Marine Sanctuary]].
|56
|[[File:USS Conestoga (AT-54) at San Diego c1921.jpg|125px]]
|-
|1903
|{{flagcountry|Canada|1868}}
|[[Clallam (steamboat)|''Clallam'']] – The ferry sank on 9 January in a storm in the [[Strait of Juan de Fuca]], between [[British Columbia]] and [[Washington (state)|Washington]], killing 56 people.
|56
|[[File:The Wreck of the Clallam Beached at Oak Bay, Victoria.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1999
|{{flag|Philippines}}
|{{MV|Asia South Korea||2}} – On 22 December the ferry was off [[Bantayan Island]] in stormy weather. According to one crew member a large wave swamped the ferry, knocking out the power. Life vests were then distributed and rafts were launched immediately.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/575891.stm |title=Hundreds rescued as ferry sinks |work=[[BBC News]] |date=23 December 1999 |publisher=[[British Broadcasting Corporation|BBC]] |location=[[London, England|London]] |accessdate=21 August 2012}}</ref> Other reports state that the ship was off course and struck a reef before sinking.
|56
|
|-
|1925
|{{flagcountry|United States|1912}}
| ''Mackinac'' – late in the afternoon of 18 August, the {{convert|162|ft}} excursion ship was passing the [[Naval Station Newport|Newport Naval Station]], Rhode Island, when its boiler exploded, killing 55 passengers. It was on a day cruise from [[Pawtucket, Rhode Island]], to Newport Harbor for passengers to visit the city and its beaches. Most injuries and deaths were from burns and smoke or steam inhalation. Some people jumped overboard but none drowned. The ship remained afloat and many boats came to the rescue. More than 600 passengers survived, many uninjured. The ship's Captain was George W. McVey, who had also been captain of ''Larchmont'' in 1907 when it sank after a collision less than {{convert|20|nmi|km}} away.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gendisasters.com/ |title=GenDisasters ... Genealogy in Tragedy, Disasters, Fires, Floods - Events That Touched Our Ancestors' Lives |accessdate=19 April 2015 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416161848/http://www3.gendisasters.com/ |archivedate=16 April 2015}}</ref>
|55
|
|-
|1988
|{{Flagcountry|Brazil}}
|Bateau Mouche IV - During the 1988 New Year's Eve, the former fishing ship, adapted for tourism, was at [[Guanabara Bay]] waiting for the New Year's fireworks of [[Copacabana, Rio de Janeiro]], when it was hit by strong waves. The movements of passengers and loads caused the ship to capsize, 55 of the 142 passengers lost their lives in the sinking, including the actress [[Yara Amaral]] and her mother.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Naufrágio do Bateau Mouche |url=https://memoriaglobo.globo.com/jornalismo/coberturas/naufragio-do-bateau-mouche/noticia/naufragio-do-bateau-mouche.ghtml |access-date=2023-01-30 |website=memoriaglobo |date=29 October 2021 |language=pt-br}}</ref>
|55
|
|-
|1993
|{{flagcountry|Poland}}
|{{MS|Jan Heweliusz||2}} – a Polish [[Roll-on/roll-off]] ferry during the early hours of 14 January, while sailing from [[Swinoujscie]] to [[Ystad]], capsized and sank in {{convert|27|m}} of water off [[Cape Arcona]] on the coast of [[Rügen]] in the [[Baltic Sea]]. 55 people aboard were killed; 20 crew and 35 passengers, 9 crew were rescued; 10 bodies were never found.
|55
|[[File:Jan Heweliusz 1986.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1932
|{{flagcountry|France}}
|{{MS|Georges Philippar||2}} was an [[ocean liner]] of the French [[Messageries Maritimes]] line that was built in 1930. On its maiden voyage it caught fire and sank in the [[Gulf of Aden]] with the loss of 54 lives.
|54
|[[File:Paquebot Georges Philippar (1931).jpg|125px]]
|-
|1968
|{{flagcountry|New Zealand|civil}}
|{{ship|TEV|Wahine}} – an inter island ferry that foundered in a cyclone on [[Barrett Reef]] at the mouth of [[Wellington Harbour]] and capsized near [[Steeple Rock]]. Of the 610 passengers and 123 crew aboard, 53 were lost.
|53
|[[File:NZ_Wahine_Salvage.jpg|125px]]
|-
|1929
|{{flagcountry|United States|1912}}
|{{SS|Milwaukee||2}} – On 22 October the [[train ferry]], while carrying 27 railroad cars, sank off Milwaukee in Lake Michigan in a storm. There were no survivors from the 52 men aboard.
|52
|[[File:Milwaukee shipwreck lifeboat.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1989
|{{Flag|United Kingdom|civil}}
|[[Marchioness disaster|''Marchioness'']] – On 20 August the pleasure boat sank after being pushed under by the dredger ''Bowbelle'' late at night near Cannon Street Railway Bridge on the Thames River. Of the 131 on board, 51 were killed by the accident.
|51
|
|-
|1957
|{{flag|Pakistan}}
|{{SS|Minocher Cowasjee|1921|2}} – The cargo ship reported in distress in position {{coord|-25.3|68.00}}, east of Madagascar in the Indian Ocean, coming from [[Tianjin]]<ref name="PakistanShippingPar192">{{cite web |url=http://pakistan-national-shipping.blogspot.de/2013/05/east-west-steamship-co.html?m=1 |title=EAST & WEST STEAMSHIP CO |accessdate=10 August 2017 |date=8 May 2013}}</ref> heading to [[Antwerp]].<ref name="wrecksite.eu2">{{cite web |url=http://www.wrecksite.eu/wreck.aspx?141260 |title=SS Minocher Cowasjee (+1957) |accessdate=10 May 2017}}</ref> All 51 crew members, mostly Pakistanis and at least one German, were killed.<ref name="ZeitOnline2017-24-012">{{cite web |url=http://www.wrecksite.eu/wreck.aspx?141260 |title=Kalenderblatt 2017: 24. Januar) |accessdate=10 August 2017}}</ref>
|51
|
|-
|1921
|{{flagcountry|United Kingdom|civil}}
|''[[SS Canastota|Canastota]]'' – On 13 June, the cargo steamer left Sydney, Australia, bound for Wellington, New Zealand, and was never heard from again. Cargo from the ship - some of which was charred, suggesting a fire at sea - was washed up on [[Lord Howe Island]]. Otherwise, the ship and its crew of 49 men disappeared without trace.
|49
|[[File:SS Canastota.tif|frameless|126x126px]]
|-
|1989
|{{flagcountry|United States}}
|{{USS|Iowa|BB-61|6}} – On 19 April , an open breech [[USS Iowa turret explosion|explosion occurred]] in the center gun of turret Number Two aboard ''Iowa'', killing all 47 men in the turret.
|47
|[[File:USS Iowa BB61 Iowa Explosion 1989.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1935
|{{flagcountry|United States|1912}}
|{{SS|Mohawk||2}} – On 24 January, eight miles off the coast of New Jersey, the passenger liner suffered a failure of its automatic steering gear, veered off course into the path of Norwegian freighter {{SS|Talisman||2}}, and was rammed on the port side. It sank within one hour. 16 out of 53 passengers and 31 of the crew of 110 were killed, including the captain.
|47
|
|-
|1956
|{{flagcountry|Italy|civil}}
|{{SS|Andrea Doria||2}} – On 25 July, approaching the coast of [[Nantucket, Massachusetts]], bound for New York City, the passenger liner was struck by the eastward-bound {{MS|Stockholm|1948|2}}. 1,660 passengers and crew were rescued and survived, while 46 people died as a consequence of the collision. In what became one of history's most noted maritime disasters, ''Andrea Doria''{{'}}s loss generated great interest in the media and resulted in many lawsuits.
|46
|[[File:Sinking of Andrea Doria.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1906
|{{flagcountry|United States|1896}}
|''[[Dix (steamboat)|Dix]]'' – On 18 November the ferry sank off [[Alki Point, Seattle]] after a collision, killing more than 45 people.
|45
|[[File:Puget Sound steamboat 'Dix'.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1974
|{{flagcountry|Soviet Union|1974}}
|Soviet cargo ship "Tixi" sunk with all of its crew during a storm in the Devils' Sea on March 22 en route from Japan to Australia.
|45
|
|-
|1902
|{{flagcountry|New Zealand|civil}}
|{{SS|Elingamite||2}} – The ship, carrying a large consignment of gold, was wrecked off the north coast of New Zealand killing 45 people. The wreck is now favoured by adventurous divers for the drama associated with it, and tales of lost treasure.
|45
|[[File:SS Elingamite.jpg|125px]]
|-
|1980
|{{flagcountry|United Kingdom|civil}}
|{{MV|Derbyshire||2}} – Lost on 9 September, south of Japan, in [[Typhoon Orchid (1980)|Typhoon Orchid]]. All aboard (42 crew and 2 spouses) died. At 91,655 gross tons it was, and remains, the largest UK ship to have ever been lost at sea.
|44
|[[File:Model of the M.V. English Bridge.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1989
|{{navy|Soviet Union}}
|{{ship|Soviet submarine|K-278 Komsomolets||2}} – On 7 April the ''Mike''-class [[nuclear submarine]] sank in the [[Barents Sea]] with the loss of 42 of its 67 crew after an onboard fire.
|42
|[[File:DN-SN-87-07042-Mike class submarine-1 Jan 1986.JPEG|125px]]
|-
|1971
|{{flagcountry|Greece}}
|''Heleanna'' – On 28 August, the ferry caught fire off [[Torre Canne]] (Italy), resulting in 25 dead and 16 missing out of 1174 people aboard.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ilnautilus.it/news/2011-08-25/la-storia-della-nave-greca-heleanna_3495/ |title=La storia della nave greca Heleanna |date=25 August 2011 |accessdate=19 April 2015}}</ref>
|41
|
|-
|1914
|{{flagcountry|United States|1912}}
|{{SS|Monroe|1902|2}} – On 30 January, while traveling from Norfolk to New York City, the passenger ship was struck by the freighter ''Nantucket'' in fog {{convert|50|mi}} off the [[Virginia Capes]], causing it to capsize and sink, killing 41 people aboard.
|41
|[[File:SS Monroe 1903.png|125px]]
|-
|1901
|{{flagcountry|Canada|1868}}
|{{SS|Islander||2}} – On 15 August, while sailing down the narrow [[Lynn Canal]] south of [[Juneau]], the ship struck what was reported to be an [[iceberg]] that stove a large hole in her forward port quarter. It sank quickly, killing 40 of the 172 people aboard.
|40
|[[File:SS Islander.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1911
|{{flagcountry|United States|1908}}
|{{ship||Sechelt|steamboat|2}} – The ferry sank on 24 March in Strait of Juan de Fuca in mysterious circumstances, killing 37 people.
|37
|[[File:Sechelt (steamboat) (ex Hattie Hansen) ca 1910.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1941
|{{flagcountry|United States|1912}}
|''Don'' – The ship was a pleasure craft that was lost in [[Casco Bay]], Maine on 29 June in an apparent explosion near [[Ragged Island (Harpswell, Maine)|Ragged Island]]. Everyone aboard was killed. The vessel was reportedly overloaded with passengers and carrying extra cans of gasoline on deck at the time of the loss.<ref>{{cite news |title=RECOVER FIVE BODIES FROM MISSING BOAT OFF COAST OF MAINE. |url=http://www.gendisasters.com/maine/1909/harpswell-me-cabin-cruiser-don-disaster-june-1941 |accessdate=1 January 2017 |publisher=Associated Press |date=1 July 1941 |archive-date=17 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117002548/http://gendisasters.com/maine/1909/harpswell-me-cabin-cruiser-don-disaster-june-1941 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=37 DROWNED OFF YACHT |url=http://www.gendisasters.com/maine/1909/harpswell-me-cabin-cruiser-don-disaster-june-1941 |accessdate=1 January 2017 |publisher=Associated Press |date=2 July 1941 |archive-date=17 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117002548/http://gendisasters.com/maine/1909/harpswell-me-cabin-cruiser-don-disaster-june-1941 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|36
|
|-
|1958
|{{flagcountry|United States|1912}}
|{{ship||Carl D. Bradley||2}} – Sank on Lake Michigan in an 18 November storm with the loss of 33 crew.
|33
|[[File:CarlDBradley ship.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1963
|{{flagcountry|United Kingdom|civil}}
|{{MV|Tritonica||2}} – On 20 July the [[Bermuda]]-registered ore carrier was on the St Lawrence River ''en route'' from [[Havre-Saint-Pierre, Quebec|Havre-Saint-Pierre]] to [[Sorel-Tracy|Sorel, Québec]] with about 18,300 tons of [[ilmenite]] when it collided in dense fog with the British cargo ship ''Roonagh Head'' shortly before 03:00 hrs off [[Petite-Rivière-Saint-François]]. It sank within eight minutes with all hatches open. Its sinking was so sudden that all navigation crew were trapped in the wheelhouse. 18 bodies were recovered; another 15 remained missing. Its Canadian pilot was also missing. In the fog and night a third ship, the Spanish ''Conde de Fontamar'', struck ''Tritonica''{{'}}s superstructure. It saved seven survivors.
|33
|
|-
|1940
|{{flagcountry|United States|1912}}
|{{SS|William B. Davock||2}} – On 11 November the cargo ship was caught in a fierce storm on Lake Michigan. It was making her way down the lake with coal for Chicago, and is presumed to have been overwhelmed at the height of the storm by the intense wind and waves, sinking in about {{convert|200|ft}} of water {{convert|5|mi|0}} off Little Sable Point between Ludington, Michigan and Pentwater, Michigan. The freighter {{SS|Anna C. Minch||2}} sank nearby in the same storm.
|32–33
|[[File:William B. Davock.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1998
|{{flagcountry|United Kingdom|civil}}
|{{ship|S/V|Fantome||2}} – The 679-ton [[windjammer]] was lost in October in [[Hurricane Mitch]]. All 31 crew were lost.
|31
|[[File:SV Fantome side view.jpg|125px]]
|-
|1992
|{{flagcountry|Cyprus|1960}}
|{{MV|Royal Pacific||2}} – It was rammed by the Taiwanese fishing vessel Terfu 51 in the Straits of Malacca, and sank, sending thirty people to their deaths.<ref>Plowman, Peter (2004). Ferry to Tasmania: A Short History. Chiwick Publications.</ref> The deaths are most likely attributed to the crew's choice to abandon ship first.
|30
|
|-
|1975
|{{flagcountry|United States|1975}}
|{{SS|Edmund Fitzgerald}} – A [[taconite]] [[lake freighter|Great Lakes freighter]] that sank in a [[Lake Superior]] storm on 10 November, with the loss of the entire crew of 29. When launched on 7 June 1958, it was the largest ship on North America's [[Great Lakes]], and it remains the largest to have sunk there.
|29
|[[File:Edmund Fitzgerald, 1971, 3 of 4 (restored).jpg|125px|alt=SS Edmund Fitzgerald underway, photo by Winston Brown|SS ''Edmund Fitzgerald'' underway]]
|-
|1978
|{{flagcountry|West Germany}}
|The [[MS München|MS ''München'']] was a LASH carrier of the Hapag-Lloyd line that sank with all crew for unknown reasons in a severe storm on 13 December. The most accepted theory is that one or more rogue waves hit ''München'' and damaged it, so that it drifted for 33 hours with a list of 50 degrees without electricity or propulsion.
|28
|
|-
|1981
|{{flagcountry|Israel|civil}}
|The ''Mezada'' was lost on 3 March; The cargo ship sank in rough seas approximately 100 nautical miles (190 km) southeast of Bermuda. Eleven of 35 crew rescued.
|24
|[[File:MezadaVictims.jpg|125px|Mezada Victims]] [[File:MezadaSinking8031981.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1948
|{{flagicon|Malta|1943}} [[Crown Colony of Malta|Malta]]
|Unnamed ''[[luzzu]]'' – The fishing boat which was overloaded with passengers [[1948 Gozo luzzu disaster|capsized and sank]] in the [[Gozo Channel]] off [[Qala, Malta|Qala]], [[Gozo]], [[Crown Colony of Malta|Malta]], killing 23 of the 27 people aboard.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Attard |first1=Eddie |title=The 1948 Ħondoq ir-Rummien tragedy |url=https://timesofmalta.com/articles/view/the-1948-ondoq-ir-rummien-tragedy.443026 |accessdate=25 January 2020 |work=[[Times of Malta]] |date=28 October 2012}}</ref>
|23
|
|-
|1931
|{{flagcountry|Estonia}}
|''Liro'' – the steamship underway from UK to Estonia went missing in a heavy storm on the Baltic Sea. All crew and passengers died.<ref>[https://ekspress.delfi.ee/artikkel/69086701/mineviku-traagilised-laevahukud Eesti Ekspress]</ref>
|20
|
|}
In 1972, the university Seawise University (ex-British liner RMS Queen Elizabeth) caught fire and sank, just a short distance from Kowloon. <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/fire-breaks-out-on-queen-elizabeth | title=Fire breaks out on former RMS Queen Elizabeth }}</ref>
==Wartime==
[[Disasters]] with great loss of life can also occur in times of armed conflict. Shown below are some of the known events with major losses.
=== Russo-Japanese War ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="display: inline-table"
|-
! data-sort-type="number"|Year
! width="115px"|Country
! class="unsortable"|Description
! data-sort-type="number"|Deaths
! Use
! class="unsortable"|Image
|-
|1905
|{{flagcountry|Russian Empire|naval}}
|[[Battle of Tsushima]] – the decisive naval battle of the [[Russo-Japanese War]] of 1904–1905, in which two-thirds of the Russian fleet was destroyed. 4,380 Russians were killed and 5,917 captured, including two admirals; 1,862 were interned. The battleships {{Ship|Russian battleship|Knyaz Suvorov||2}}, {{ship|Russian battleship|Imperator Aleksandr III|1901|2}}, {{Ship|Russian battleship|Borodino||2}} and {{Ship|Russian battleship|Oslyabya||2}} were sunk.
|4,380
|
|[[File:ImperatorAleksandrIII1904Kronshtadt-1.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1904
|{{flagcountry|Empire of Japan}}
|[[SS Hitachi Maru (1898)|''Hitachi Maru'']] – A Japanese transport ship that was shelled and sunk by the [[Imperial Russian Navy]] [[armored cruiser]] {{ship|Russian cruiser|Gromoboi|1899|2}} in the southern [[Korean Strait]] between the Japanese mainland and [[Tsushima Island|Tsushima]] in the "[[Hitachi Maru Incident|''Hitachi Maru'' Incident]]".
|1,086
|
|[[File:HitachiMaru1898.JPG|125px]]
|-
|1904
|{{flagcountry|Russian Empire|naval}}
|{{ship|Russian battleship|Petropavlovsk|1894|2}} – the Russian battleship was sunk on 31 March after striking two mines near the [[Lüshunkou District|Port Arthur naval base]]. A total of 18 officers, including an Imperial vice admiral and 620 men were killed.
|620
|
|[[File:Petropavlovsk1899Kronshtadt.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1904
|{{flagcountry|Empire of Japan|naval}}
|{{ship|Japanese battleship|Hatsuse||2}} – A Japanese battleship that hit two mines on 15 May and sunk with the loss of 496 crew in a Russian minefield off Port Arthur.
|496
|
|[[File:Japanese battleship Hatsuse.jpg|125px]]
|-
|1904
|{{flagcountry|Empire of Japan|naval}}
|{{Ship|Japanese cruiser|Yoshino||2}} – On 14 May, the [[cruiser]] sank killing 319 people after a collision. 19 survived.
|319
|
|[[File:Japanese cruiser Yoshino at Yokosuka.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1904
|{{flagcountry|Empire of Japan|naval}}
|{{ship|Japanese cruiser|Takasago||2}} – a 2nd class protected cruiser of the Imperial Japanese Navy that struck a mine and sank off Port Arthur on 13 December, with the loss of 273 officers and crew.
|273
|
|[[File:Japanese cruiser Takasago.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1904
|{{flagcountry|Empire of Japan|naval}}
| {{ship|Japanese battleship|Yashima||2}} – A Japanese battleship that hit a mine on 15 May and sunk while being towed with nearly 200 of its crew.
|200
|
|[[File:Japanese battleship Yashima.jpg|border|125px]]
|}
=== World War I ===
* See [[List of maritime disasters in World War I]]
=== Spanish Civil War ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="display: inline-table"
|-
! data-sort-type="number"|Year
! width="115px"|Country
! class="unsortable"|Description
! data-sort-type="number"|Deaths
! Use
! class="unsortable"|Image
|-
|1939
|{{flagcountry|Spain|1938}}
|{{SS|Castillo de Olite||2}} – On 7 March, near Cartagena Harbor while approaching the docks, it was hit by three 381mm rounds from a coastal battery and sank soon afterwards broken in two. Of the 2,112 men on board, 1,476 died, 342 were wounded and 294 were taken prisoner after being rescued by local fishermen and the lighthouse keeper.
|1,476
|Naval
|<!-- [[WP:NFCC]] violation: [[File:SS-Olite.jpg|border|125px]] -->
|-
|1938
|{{flagcountry|Spain|1938}}
|''{{ship|Spanish cruiser|Baleares||2}}'' – sunk by the {{ship|Spanish destroyer|Lepanto||2}} on 6 March. 765 seamen died.
|765
|Naval
|[[File:Cruceiro Baleares MuseoNavalFerrol.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1936
|{{flagcountry|Spain|1931}}
|''{{ship|Spanish destroyer|Almirante Ferrándiz|1928|2}}'' – sunk by ''{{ship|Spanish cruiser|Canarias||2}}'' on 29 September; 130 killed.
|130
|Naval
|[[File:Destructor Almirante Ferrándiz (AF).jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1936
|{{flagcountry|Spain|1931}}
|Submarine ''{{ship|Spanish submarine|C-5||2}}'' – disappeared on 31 December near [[Bilbao]]; 40 disappeared.
|40
|Naval
|
|-
|1936
|{{flagcountry|Spain|1931}}
|Submarine ''{{ship|Spanish submarine|C-3||2}}'' – sunk by ''{{ship|German submarine|U-34|1936}}'' on 12 December; 38 killed.
|38
|Naval
|[[File:Submarine C3 and Kanguro, Cartagena.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1936
|{{flagcountry|Spain|1931}}
|Submarine ''{{ship|Spanish submarine|B-5||2}}'' – disappeared on 15 April near [[Malaga]]; 34 disappeared.
|34
|Naval
|
|-
|1937
|{{flagcountry|Nazi Germany|naval}}
|{{ship|German cruiser|Deutschland||2}}, misidentified as the ''[[Spanish cruiser Canarias|Canarias]]'' – hit by bombs from Republican aircraft in the [[Deutschland incident (1937)|''Deutschland'' incident]]; 31 killed. Not sunk.
|31
|Naval
|[[File:German cruiser Deutschland in 1935.jpg|border|125px]]
|}
=== World War II ===
* See [[List of maritime disasters in World War II]]
There are at least eight maritime disasters during WWII, each of which has a greater death toll than any other maritime disaster.
=== Second Chinese Civil War ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="display: inline-table"
|-
! data-sort-type="number"|Year
! width="115px"|Country
! class="unsortable"|Description
! data-sort-type="number"|Deaths
! Use
! class="unsortable"|Image
|-
|1948
|{{flagdeco|Republic of China|civil}} [[Republic of China (1912–49)|China]]
|{{SS|Kiangya||2}} – On December 4, 1948, the passenger [[steamship]], packed beyond its capacity limit of 1,186 with refugees fleeing the [[People's Liberation Army]], blew up and sank in the mouth of the [[Huangpu River]] {{convert|50|mi|km|abbr=on}} south of [[Shanghai]]. The suspected cause of the explosion was a [[naval mine|mine]] left behind by the [[Imperial Japanese Navy]] in World War II. The exact death toll is unknown, however, it is thought that between 2,750 and 3,920 died with 700–1,000 survivors being picked up by other vessels.<ref>{{Cite web |title=This Day in History: China's Deadliest Maritime Disaster |url=https://www.thatsmags.com/china/post/8008/history-of-the-hai-sinking-of-the-ss-kiangya-chinas-deadliest-maritime-disaster}}</ref>
|2,750–3,920
|Naval
|[[File:Sunk of SS Kiangya.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1949
|{{flagdeco|Republic of China|civil}} [[Republic of China (1912–49)|China]]
|[[Taiping (steamer)|''Taiping'']] – On 27 January the [[steamboat|steamer]] sank after a collision with another vessel en route to [[Taiwan]] resulting in the deaths of more than 1,500 passengers and crew combined. The ship was packed to nearly twice its rated capacity with more than 1,000 refugees fleeing Communism after the [[Chinese Civil War]] traveling from [[Shanghai]] to [[Keelung]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2008/01/28/2003399179/1 |title=''Taiping'' sinking recalled |first=Loa |last=Iok-sin |date=28 January 2008 |accessdate=20 May 2012 |work=[[Taipei Times]]}}</ref>
|1,500+
|Naval
|[[File:The memory bud of Taiping steamer in Keelung.jpg|125px]]
|}
=== Six-Day War ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="display: inline-table"
|-
! data-sort-type="number"|Year
! width="115px"|Country
! class="unsortable"|Description
! data-sort-type="number"|Deaths
! Use
! class="unsortable"|Image
|-
|1967
|{{navy|United States}}
|{{ship|USS|Liberty|AGTR-5|6}} – On 8 June, the technical research ship was attacked by [[Israeli Air Force]] fighter jets and [[Israeli Navy]] motor torpedo boats while in international waters in the Mediterranean. Israel apologized for the attack, saying that the USS Liberty had been attacked in error after being mistaken for an Egyptian ship. The combined air and sea attack killed 34 crew members, wounded 171 crew members and severely damaged the ship which was subsequently scrapped.
|34
|Naval
|[[File:H97478t.jpg|120px]]
|}
=== Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="display: inline-table"
|-
! data-sort-type="number"|Year
! width="115px"|Country
! class="unsortable"|Description
! data-sort-type="number"|Deaths
! Use
! class="unsortable"|Image
|-
|1971
|{{navy|Pakistan}}
|{{ship|PNS|Ghazi}} – On 3 December the submarine was destroyed by Indian Navy, killing 92 Pakistan navy personnel.
|92
|Naval
|[[File:Ussdiablo.jpg|125px]]
|-
|1971
|{{navy|Pakistan}}
|{{ship|PNS|Muhafiz}}, {{ship|PNS|Khaibar|1956|6}}, {{ship|PNS|Shah Jahan|DD-962|6}} – On 4 and 5 December, Pakistani minesweeper {{ship|PNS|Muhafiz}}, destroyer {{ship|PNS|Khaibar|1956|6}}, transport MV Venus Challenger and destroyer {{ship|PNS|Shah Jahan|DD-962|6}} were destroyed by three Indian Vidyut class missile boats, {{ship|INS|Nipat|K86}}, {{ship|INS|Nirghat|K89}} and {{ship|INS|Veer|K82}} escorted by two anti-submarine Arnala class corvettes, {{ship|INS|Kiltan|P79}} and {{ship|INS|Katchall|P81}} in [[Operation Trident (1971)|Operation Trident]] killing more than 300 Pakistani sailors.
|300+
|Naval
|[[File:HMS Charity (R29).jpg|125px]]
|-
|1971
|{{navy|India}}
|{{INS|Khukri|F149|6}} – On 9 December the Indian frigate was torpedoed and sunk by the Pakistani submarine {{ship|PNS|Hangor|S131}}, killing 194 people. This was the first sinking by a submarine since World War II.
|194
|Naval
|[[File:INS Khukri (F149).jpg|125px]]
|}
=== Falklands War ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="display: inline-table"
|-
! data-sort-type="number"|Year
! width="115px"|Country
! class="unsortable"|Description
! data-sort-type="number"|Deaths
! Use
! class="unsortable"|Image
|-
|1982
|{{nowrap|{{flagcountry|Argentina|size=23px}}}}
|{{ship|ARA|General Belgrano}} – On 2 May the Argentinian light cruiser was torpedoed and sunk by British submarine {{HMS|Conqueror|S48|6}}, killing 323 people. This was the first time a warship had been sunk by a nuclear-powered submarine.
|323
|Naval
|[[File:ARA General Belgrano underway.jpg|125px]]
|-
|1982
|{{flagcountry|United Kingdom|civil}}
|[[HMS Sheffield (D80)|HMS ''Sheffield'']] - Struck and badly damaged by an [[Exocet]] air-launched [[anti-ship missile]] from an Argentine [[Dassault-Breguet Super Étendard|Super Étendard]] aircraft on 4 May and foundered while being towed on 10 May.
|20
|Naval
|[[File:HMS Sheffield (D80).jpg|125px]]
|-
|1982
|{{flagcountry|United Kingdom|civil}}
|[[HMS Coventry (D118)|HMS ''Coventry'']] - Sunk by [[Argentine Air Force]] [[A-4 Skyhawk]]s on 25 May.
|19
|Naval
|[[File:HMS Coventry (D118) underway in the Atlantic Ocean, circa in 1981 (6417242).jpg|125px]]
|-
|1982
|{{flagcountry|United Kingdom|civil}}
|[[RFA Sir Galahad (1966)|RFA ''Sir Galahad'']] - Struck by Argentine A-4 Skyhawks on 8 June. On 21 June, the hulk was towed out to sea by the tug [[RMAS Typhoon (A95)|''Typhoon'']] and sunk by {{HMS|Onyx|S21|6}} using torpedoes.
|48
|Naval
|[[File:RFA Sir Galahad.jpg|125px]]
|}
=== Iran-Iraq War ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="display: inline-table"
|-
! data-sort-type="number"|Year
! width="115px"|Country
! class="unsortable"|Description
! data-sort-type="number"|Deaths
! Use
! class="unsortable"|Image
|-
|1987
|{{navy|United States}}
|{{USS|Stark|FFG-31|6}} – On 17 May, the frigate was struck by two [[Exocet]] missiles from an [[Iraqi Air Force]] fighter jet while on patrol in the [[Persian Gulf]] during the [[Tanker War]] but managed to return to port in [[Bahrain]]. Iraq initially claimed that the ship had entered its waters but subsequently apologized<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/1987/may/19/iraq.davidhirst |title=US navy ordered to hit back after Exocet kills 28|first1=Alex|last1=Brummer |first2=David|last2=Hirst |date=19 May 1987|access-date=19 September 2016|newspaper=The Guardian}}</ref> for the incident saying that the ship was mistaken for an Iranian oil tanker. Due to geopolitical interests at the time, the then administration of President [[Ronald Reagan]] chose to hold [[Iran]] responsible.
|37
|Naval
|[[File:USS Stark.jpg{{!}}border|125px]]
|-
|1983
|{{Flag|Iran|1964}}
|Damaged and partially sunk by an Iraqi missile at [[Bushehr]] [[port]]
|0
|Ship
|[[SS Raffaello]]
|}
===Vietnam War===
In 1967, during the vietnam war, the USS Forrestal was floating on the water not too far from the Vietnamese coast. A Zuni rocket from one aircraft flew from into the fuel tank of another aircraft, starting a big fire. Within minutes, the fire became bigger and damaged other planes. More than a hundred men and women lost their lives. This was known as the [[1967 USS Forrestal fire]].<ref>https://sma.nasa.gov/docs/default-source/safety-messages/safetymessage-2007-12-01-explosionsaboardussforrestal.pdf?sfvrsn=9fa91ef8_4</ref><ref>https://www.usni.org/magazines/naval-history-magazine/2022/august/dissecting-carrier-disaster</ref>
==See also==
* [[List of maritime disasters]]
* [[List of maritime disasters in the 18th century]]
* [[List of maritime disasters in the 19th century]]
* [[List of maritime disasters in World War I]]
* [[List of maritime disasters in World War II]]
* [[List of maritime disasters in the 21st century]]
* [[Shipwreck]]
* [[Lists of shipwrecks]]
* [[List of disasters]]
* [[List of accidents and disasters by death toll#Maritime|List of accidents and disasters by death toll]]
* [[List by death toll of ships sunk by submarines]]
* [[List of RORO vessel accidents]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
* [http://www.wrecksite.eu/ WRECKSITE] Worldwide free database of + 65.000 ships wrecked with history, maritime charts and GPS positions
* [http://www.titanicfacts.net/ Titanic Facts] The life and loss of the RMS Titanic, in numbers
* [http://members.iinet.com.au/~gduncan/maritime-1.html G. Duncan. Maritime disasters of World War 2]
* [http://mapreport.com/subtopics/d/n.html World sea disasters timeline, 21st century]
* [https://www.oilboilersfactory.com/ ''Notable peacetime passenger ship disasters'']{{dead link|date=November 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}
{{Disasters}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Maritime Disasters}}
[[Category:20th century-related lists]]
[[Category:Lists of shipwrecks]]
[[Category:Lists of maritime disasters|20th century]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext) | '{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{inc-transport|date=October 2021}}
A '''maritime disaster''' is an event which usually involves a ship or ships and can involve military action. Because of the nature of maritime travel, there is often a substantial loss of life. The term maritime disaster can refer to both commercial ships and military naval ships. A maritime disaster can result in one or more of the following simultaneously;
*Loss of life
*Pollution of marine environment (in case of oil spill, foul discharge of materials, sulphur emitted from fuels, etc.)
*Degradation of the aquatic ecosystem
*Economical loss at a grand scale
*Destruction of onshore properties (accidents at harbor are not only limited to the vessels but also damage the nearest lands)
There are countless incidents reported on marine disasters.
[[File:Titanic in color.png|thumb|299x299px|RMS ''Titanic''.]]
The sinking of the British ocean liner {{RMS|Titanic}} in 1912, with more than 1,500 fatalities, is probably the most famous [[shipwreck]], but not the biggest in terms of lives lost. The wartime sinking of the German {{MV|Wilhelm Gustloff||2}} in January 1945 in World War II by a [[Soviet Navy]] submarine, with an estimated loss of about 9,400 people, remains the deadliest isolated maritime disaster ever, excluding such events as the destruction of entire fleets like the [[Kamikaze (typhoon)|1274 and 1281 storms]] that are said to have devastated [[Kublai Khan]]'s fleets in his [[Mongol invasions of Japan|invasions of Japan]]. The 1987 loss of the Philippine ferry {{MV|Doña Paz||2}}, with an estimated 4,386 dead, is the largest peacetime loss recorded.
==Peacetime==
All ships, including those of the military, are vulnerable to problems from weather conditions, faulty design or human error. The disasters listed below were not related directly to military action, though some of them occurred during periods of conflict. The table listings are in decreasing order with respect to the number of casualties.
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="display: inline-table"
|-
! data-sort-type="number"|Year
! width="115px"|Country
! class="unsortable"|Description
! data-sort-type="number"|Deaths
! class="unsortable"|Image
|-
|1987
|{{flagcountry|Philippines|1986}}
|{{MV|Doña Paz||2}} – Late on 20 December, while bound for [[Manila]] from [[Tacloban]], the passenger [[ferry]] collided with the [[oil tanker]] [[MT Vector|MT ''Vector'']] in the [[Tablas Strait]] near [[Marinduque]]. The collision ignited the ''Vector's'' cargo and the fire spread to the ''Doña Paz''; both ships burned and sank.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Asia's Titanic - Thousands Died Thirty Years Ago |url=https://www.maritime-executive.com/article/asias-titanic-thousands-died-thirty-years-ago |access-date=2020-08-06 |website=The Maritime Executive |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mariano |first=Kristin |date=2017-11-29 |title=Remembering Doña Paz, The Deadliest Shipwreck in History Worse Than The Titanic |url=https://www.elitereaders.com/remembering-dona-paz-deadliest-shipwreck-history-worse-titanic/ |access-date=2020-08-06 |website=Elite Readers |language=en-US}}</ref> Though ''Doña Paz'' was certified to only carry 1,518 passengers, thousands more were crammed on board and unlisted on its manifest.<ref>{{Cite web |last=De Guzman |first=Nicai |date=20 December 2018 |title=Hell at Sea: Remembering the Tragedy of the MV Doña Paz |url=https://www.esquiremag.ph/long-reads/features/dona-paz-a1729-20181220-lfrm |access-date=2020-08-06 |website=Esquiremag.ph}}</ref> Except for 25 passengers, everyone on the ''Doña Paz'' died, including its crew of 58; while on the ''Vector'' only 2 of its 13 crew survived.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://research.dnv.com/skj/Fsahla/Annex1.pdf |title=Det Norske Veritas Report No. 97-2053, Annex 1: Passenger Vessel Evacuation Descriptions, sec. I.4.1, p. I.36, FSA of HLA on PassengerVessels, C8065\annex 1.doc 1 November, 2001. |access-date=6 August 2020 |archive-date=30 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180930132847/http://research.dnv.com/skj/Fsahla/Annex1.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> The combined death toll from both ships is estimated at 4,386, making the incident the deadliest peacetime maritime disaster in history.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-04-01 |title=Ferry collides with oil tanker near Manila - HISTORY |url=https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/ferry-collides-with-oil-tanker-near-manila |access-date=2020-08-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401163352/https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/ferry-collides-with-oil-tanker-near-manila |archive-date=1 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=7 of the World's Deadliest Shipwrecks |url=https://www.britannica.com/list/7-of-the-worlds-deadliest-shipwrecks |access-date=2020-08-06 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref>
|4,386
|[[File:Doña Paz at Tacloban.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1991
|{{flagcountry|Egypt}}
|''[[Salem Express]]'' – At midnight between 14–15 December, while on a voyage from [[Jeddah]], Saudi Arabia to Safaga, Egypt, with at least 644 passengers, the ship struck a reef and sank within 10–20 minutes. The official death toll was 470, though some evidence suggests that the ship was overcrowded and the true death toll may have been much greater, likely more than 1,600.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wreck Diving In Egypt ; Safaga & Marsa Alam |date=8 June 2019 |url=https://www.blueocean-eg.com/blog/wreck-diving-egypt-salem-express}}</ref>
|1,600 (estimated)
|[[File:Diving Salem Express.JPG|border|125px]]
|-
|1993
|{{flagcountry|Haiti|civil}}
|[[Sinking of the ferry Neptune|Ferry ''Neptune'']] – Sank on 16 February.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://timelines.ws/countries/HAITI.HTML |title=Timeline Haiti |work=Timelines of History |accessdate=30 June 2013 |archive-date=10 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221210031038/https://www.timelines.ws/countries/HAITI.HTML |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/WORLD/9709/09/haiti |title=Red Cross lowers estimate of Haitian ferry victims |work=World News |publisher=CNN |date=9 September 1997 |accessdate=30 June 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/haiti-ferry-disaster-may-have-claimed-400-lives-1238199.html |title=Haiti ferry disaster may have claimed 400 lives |newspaper=[[The Independent]] |date=9 September 1997 |accessdate=30 June 2013 |location=London}}</ref><!---these are all reports of later sinkings but contain reports of the earlier Neptune sinking--->
|1,500 (estimated)
|
|-
|1912
|{{flagcountry|UK|government}}
|{{RMS|Titanic}} – A British [[ocean liner]] and, at the time, the world's largest ship. On 14 April, on its maiden voyage, it struck an iceberg, buckling part of its hull and causing it to sink during the early hours of 15 April. Exactly 712 of its 2,208 passengers and crew survived.<ref>Encyclopedia Titanica</ref> Her loss was the catalyst for major reforms in shipping safety and is arguably the most famous maritime disaster, being the subject of numerous media portrayals.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.splashoflife.com/508-28-reform-after-the-wreck-of-the-titanic/ |accessdate=6 July 2009 |title=28- Time for Reflection and Reform – after the Wreck of the Titanic}}</ref>
|1,513
|[[File:Stöwer Titanic (colorized).jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1954
|{{flagcountry|Japan|1947}}
|{{ship||Toya Maru||2}} – A [[train ferry]] that sank in [[Typhoon Marie (1954)|Typhoon Marie]] in the [[Tsugaru Strait]] between [[Hokkaido]] and [[Honshu]] on 26 September. It is said that 1,153 people aboard were killed but the exact number of fatalities remains unknown because some victims managed to board without tickets and others cancelled their passage just before sailing.
|1,153
|[[File:Toya Maru.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1914
|{{flagcountry|Canada|1868}}
|{{RMS|Empress of Ireland}} – On 29 May the passenger liner sank after colliding with the cargo ship ''[[Storstad]]'' on the [[Saint Lawrence River]], killing 1,012 people. About 465 survived.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.encyclopedia-titanica.org/item/1505/ |last=Murphy |first=Gavin |title=Swallowed in 14 Minutes |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Titanica |date=20 June 2001 |accessdate=30 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927012438/http://www.encyclopedia-titanica.org/item/1505/ |archive-date=27 September 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|1,012
|[[File:L’Empress of Ireland.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1904
|{{flagcountry|United States|1896}}
|{{ship|PS|General Slocum||2}} – The paddle steamer caught fire and sank in [[New York City]]'s [[East River]] on 15 June. 1,029 people were killed,<ref>National Geographic</ref> making it New York City's greatest loss of life until the [[September 11 attacks]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=A Debate Rises: How Much 9/11 Tribute Is Enough? |first=N.R. |last=Kleinfeld |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=2 September 2007 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/02/nyregion/02fatigue.html?ex=1346385600&en=7c3b9a843ec42d62&ei=5124&partner=permalink&exprod=permalink |accessdate=2 September 2007}}</ref>
|1,029
|[[File:EM NOVA-YORK. A grande catastrophe do vapor de passeio General Slocum. Morte horrível de 1.200 pessoas!.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1912
|{{flagcountry|Empire of Japan}}
|{{SS|Kiche Maru||2}} – Sank in a [[typhoon]] in the Pacific on 22 September. It is estimated that more than 1,000 persons died.<ref>{{cite book |last=Hendrickson |first=Robert |year=1992 |title=The Ocean Almanac |location=London |publisher=[[Hutchinson (publisher)|Hutchinson Reference]] |page=278 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z5sTAAAAYAAJ&q=%22Kiche+Maru%22%7C%22Kieko+Maru%22%7C%22Kioko+maru%22%7C%22Kickermaru%22 |accessdate=30 June 2013 |isbn=978-0-09-177355-7}}</ref>
|1,000+
|
|-
|1921
|{{flagicon image|Flag of the British Straits Settlements (1904–1925).svg}} [[Straits Settlements|Singapore]]
|{{SS|Hong Moh||2}} – On 3 March, the ship struck the White Rocks on Lamock Island near [[Swatow]] (Shantou) on the southern coast of China. It broke in two and sank killing about 1,000 of the 1,100 people aboard.
|1,000
|
|-
|1927
|{{flagcountry|Empire of Japan}}
|''Wusung'' – On 16 September, 900 Japanese workers died when the steamship, bound for [[Kamchatka]], sank off the [[Kuril Islands]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FA0B14FC3D5E147A93C5A81782D85F438285F9 |title=Reports 900 Drowned in a Japanese Wreck |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=17 September 1927 |accessdate=30 June 2013}}</ref>
|900
|
|-
|1994
|{{flagcountry|Estonia}}
|{{MS|Estonia||2}} – the [[Roll-on/roll-off]] ferry sank in heavy seas on 28 September. An investigation concluded that the failure of the bow visor door allowed water from the [[Baltic Sea]] to enter the ship. 852 people were killed; 137 survived.
|852
|[[File:MS Estonia model.jpg|125px]]
|-
|1915
|{{flagcountry|United States|1912}}
|{{SS|Eastland||2}} – On 24 July, while moored to the dock in the [[Chicago River]], the capacity load of passengers shifted to the river side of the ship causing it to roll over, killing 845 passengers and crew.
|845
|[[File:SS Eastland.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1996
|{{flagcountry|Tanzania}}
|{{MV|Bukoba||2}} – The overloaded ferry sank on 21 May on [[Lake Victoria]]. While the ship's manifest showed 443 aboard, it is estimated that about 800 people died in the sinking.
|800
|
|-
|1939
|{{flagcountry|Soviet Union|1936}}
|[[SS Indigirka|''Indigirka'']] – On 12 December the GULAG prisoner transport ship ''Indigirka'' ran aground and rolled on its side in shallow water during a [[blizzard]] off the Japanese coast near [[Sarufutsu]] while trying to enter the [[La Perouse Strait]].<ref>{{cite journal |author=anonymous |title=700 Believed Dead on Russian Vessel |journal=The New York Times |date=14 December 1939 |url=https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FB0911FF3E5A11728DDDAD0994DA415B898FF1D3&scp=1&sq=indigirka&st=cse}}</ref> While most of the crew and passengers were rescued an additional three days passed before a rescue of the trapped prisoners in the cargo holds could begin. Only 28 of the more than 700 prisoners were found alive with one of the 28 rescued later dying.
|741
|
|-
|1902
|{{flagcountry|UK|civil}}
|{{SS|Camorta||2}} – The ship was caught in a [[cyclone]] and sank in the [[Irrawaddy Delta]] on 6 May with the loss of all 655 passengers and 82 crew. It was ''en route'' from [[Madras]], India, to [[Rangoon]], Burma, across the [[Bay of Bengal]].
|737
|[[File:A and J Inglis No 160 SS Camorta (1880).jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1914
|{{flagcountry|UKGBI|naval}}
|{{HMS|Bulwark|1899|6}} – On 26 November, a powerful internal explosion ripped it apart at 7:50 am while it was moored at Number 17 buoy in Kethole Reach, {{convert|4|mi|km|abbr=on}} west of [[Sheerness]] in the [[River Medway]] estuary. All of its officers were killed, and out of its complement of 750, 14 survived; two of these subsequently died of wounds in hospital.
|736
|[[File:HMS Bulwark (1899).jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1904
|{{flagcountry|Denmark}}
|{{SS|Norge||2}} – On 28 June the ship ran aground on [[Helen's Reef]] near [[Rockall]]. 635 people were killed; 160 survivors spent as much as eight days in open boats before rescue.
|635
|[[File:SS Norge.jpg|125px|border|alt=''Norge'']]
|-
|1947
|{{flagcountry|British Raj}}
|''[[1947 Ramdas Ship Disaster|Ramdas]]'' – On 17 July the ship capsized {{convert|10|mi}} off [[Mumbai]], killing 625 people aboard. The wreck became known only as survivors swam ashore.
|625
|
|-
|1955
|{{flagcountry|Soviet Union|naval}}
|[[Italian battleship Giulio Cesare|''Novorossiysk'']] – On 29 October, the battleship was moored in [[Sevastopol Bay]], {{convert|300|m|yd}} from shore and opposite a hospital. At 01:30 hrs there was an explosion, after which the ship capsized and sank with the loss of 608 men. The official investigation concluded that the explosion had been caused by a German mine left from the [[Second World War]].
|608
|[[File:Battleship Giulio Cesare.jpg|125px|border|alt=''Novorossiysk'']]
|-
|1947
|{{flagcountry|United States|1912}}
|{{SS|Grandcamp||2}} – On 16 April, the French-registered [[Liberty ship]] caught fire and exploded dockside while being loaded with [[ammonium nitrate]] at [[Texas City, Texas]]. In what came to be called the [[Texas City Disaster]] an estimated 581 people, including all of the ship's crew and 28 firefighters, were killed and about 5,000 injured.
|581
|[[File:Txcitydisasterboat.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1981
|{{flagcountry|Indonesia}}
|''[[Tampomas II]]'' – On 27 January the ocean liner, carrying more people than its capacity limit of 1,137, sank in the [[Java Sea]] after a fire and explosion. At least 580 people were killed and 515 rescued.<ref>{{cite news |title=Sinking of Indonesian ocean liner puts new focus on ship safety reforms |author=Marshall Ingwerson |url=http://www.csmonitor.com/1981/0128/012847.html |work=[[The Christian Science Monitor]] |date=28 January 1981 |accessdate=25 September 2013}}</ref>
|580{{citation needed|date=February 2024}}
|
|-
|1920
|{{flagcountry|France}}
|[[SS Afrique (1907)|SS ''Afrique'']] – The passenger ship sank on 9 January in the Bay of Biscay in bad weather. It was carrying 602 passengers and crew, of whom only 34 were saved.
|568
|[[File:Paquebot afrique.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1986
|{{flag|Bangladesh|civil}}
|''[[Shamia (ferry)|Shamia]]'' – On 25 May the double deck river ferry, carrying about 1,000 people, capsized in the [[Meghna River]] {{convert|135|mi}} south of Dhaka in a storm. An estimated 500-600 people were killed.<ref>{{cite news |title=BANGLADESH SHIP, 1,000 ABOARD, SINKS |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/05/27/world/bangladesh-ship-1000-aboard-sinks.html |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |agency=Associated Press |date=27 May 1986 |accessdate=29 September 2013}}</ref>
|500–600
|
|-
|1919
|{{flagcountry|Spain|civil-1785}}
|''[[SS Valbanera|Valbanera]]'' – the steamship sank in the [[Gulf of Mexico]] {{convert|45|mi|abbr=on}} west of [[Key West, Florida]] in a hurricane in September. All of the 488 crew and passengers were killed.
|488
|[[File:Vapor Valbanera cropped.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|2000
|{{flagcountry|Indonesia}}
|''Cahaya Bahari'' – On 29 June the overloaded ferry carrying refugees from the [[Maluku Islands]] sank in a storm. Of the 491 aboard, 10 were rescued.<ref>{{cite news |title=Indonesian Ship Finds 10 From Wreck |first=Geoff |last=Spencer |url= https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1957&dat=20000704&id=64VGAAAAIBAJ&pg=1157,871586 |newspaper=[[The Daily Gazette]] |agency=Associated Press |date=3 July 2000 |accessdate=29 September 2013}}</ref>
|481
|
|-
|1916
|{{flagcountry|Spain|civil-1785}}
|{{ship||Príncipe de Asturias|ocean liner|2}} – Sank near the island of [[Ilhabela, São Paulo|Sao Sebastiao, Brazil]] on 5 March. At least 445 out of 588 aboard were killed.
|445
|[[File:Vapor Príncipe de Asturias en pruebas de mar.JPG|border|125px]]
|-
|1975
|{{flagcountry|China}}
|On 4 August, two passenger ships ''Hongxing 245'' and ''Hongxing 240'', on overnight trips between [[Guangzhou]] and [[Zhaoqing]], collided and sank on the Zhujiang River, 432 of the 800 people aboard were killed.
|432
|-
|1986
|{{flagcountry|Soviet Union}}
|{{SS|Admiral Nakhimov||2}} – On 31 August the ship collided with the [[bulk carrier]] ''Pyotr Vasyov'' in [[Tsemes Bay]], near the port of [[Novorossiysk]], [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Russian SFSR]]. 423 of the 1,234 people aboard were killed.
|423
|[[File:SSAdmiralNakhimov-1975-1.jpg|frameless|137x137px]]
|-
|1988
|{{flagcountry|India|civil}}
|A reported 400 people were killed when an unnamed passenger ferry struck a sand bar and capsized in the [[Ganges|Ganges River]].<ref>{{cite news |title=At Least 10 Reportedly Die in New Capsizing on Ganges |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/08/14/world/at-least-10-reportedly-die-in-new-capsizing-on-ganges.html |newspaper=The New York Times |agency=Associated Press |date=14 August 1988 |accessdate=29 September 2013}}</ref>
|400
|
|-
|1988
|{{flagcountry|Philippines|1986}}
|{{MV|Doña Marilyn||2}} – On the afternoon of 24 October, while sailing from [[Manila]] to [[Tacloban City]], the vessel was caught in [[Typhoon Ruby (1988)|Typhoon Unsang]] and sank leaving 389 people dead and 147 survivors. ''Doña Marilyn'' was a sister ship of {{MV|Doña Paz||2}} which sank a year earlier in the deadliest ever peace-time maritime disaster.<ref>{{cite news |title=Killer on the loose |url=http://manilastandardtoday.com/2013/08/19/killer-on-the-loose/ |author=MST news |newspaper=Manila Standard Today |date=19 August 2013 |accessdate=2 October 2013 |archive-date=29 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150929110938/http://manilastandardtoday.com/2013/08/19/killer-on-the-loose/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|389
|
|-
|1999
|{{flagcountry|Indonesia}}
|KM ''Bismas Raya 2'' – In October the ferry ''KM Bismas Raya 2'' caught fire, capsized and sank while off the coast of [[Merauke]]. A reported 361 people were killed.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Cribb |first1=R.B. |last2=Ford |first2=Michele |title=Indonesia Beyond the Water's Edge: Managing an Archipelagic State |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2760j2GaBXAC&q=Bismas+Raya+II+disaster&pg=PA148 |accessdate=29 September 2013 |year=2009 |publisher=ISEAS Publishing |isbn=978-981-230-985-3 |page=148}}</ref>
|361
|
|-
|1918
|{{flagcountry|United States|1912}}
|{{SS|Princess Sophia||2}} – On 23 October the passenger steamship ran aground on [[Vanderbilt Reef]] in [[Lynn Canal]] near [[Juneau, Alaska]]. Rescue ships were unable to assist due to the continuing storm, and it sank on the night of 25 October. The only survivor found was a pet dog. The sinking of the SS Princess Sophia is to this day the worst maritime accident in the history of [[British Columbia]] and [[Alaska]].
|343
|[[File:Princess Sophia (steamship) (ca 1912).jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1970
|{{flagcountry|South Korea|1949}}
|{{ship||Namyoung-ho|ship|2}} – The ferry sank on 15 December. It was carrying 338 people, who were traveling from [[Busan]] to [[Jeju City|Jeju]]; 326 people killed. See [[Sinking of Namyoung-Ho]]<ref name="dona0417">{{cite web |script-title=ko:남영호 사고 326명 사망 '최악'… 서해 페리호 292명 숨져 |trans-title=Namyoungho accident killed 326 people 'worst' ... Seohae ferry 292 people died |date=2014-04-17 |publisher=dongA.com |url=http://news.donga.com/Main/3/all/20140417/62829345/1 |language=Korean}}</ref>
|326
|
|-
|1927
|{{flagcountry|Kingdom of Italy|civil}}
|{{SS|Principessa Mafalda||2}} – On 25 October, the [[ocean liner]] sank off the coast of [[Brazil]] after its propeller shaft fractured and damaged its hull. It sank slowly in the presence of rescue vessels, but panic among passengers and crew caused the deaths of 314 of the 1,265 aboard.
|314
|[[File:Principessa Mafalda.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1999
|{{flagcountry|China}}
|''Dashun'' – On 24 November the ferry caught fire, broke apart and sank in rough seas off [[Yantai]] in eastern China. Of 336 aboard, 22 are known to have survived.<ref>{{cite news |title=China shipwreck toll may touch over 300 |url=http://expressindia.indianexpress.com/ie/daily/19991127/ige27034.html |newspaper=The Indian Express |publisher=Press Trust of India |date=27 November 1999 |accessdate=29 September 2013}}</ref>
|314
|
|-
|1999
|{{flagcountry|Indonesia}}
|''[[Harta Rimba]]'' – On 7 February the ferry foundered and sank after being struck by a large wave while drifting with engine problems. Of the 332 aboard 19 were rescued two days after the sinking by a passing ship. A distress signal was not sent out and the sinking was unknown until the survivors were found.<ref>{{cite news |title=World: Asia-Pacific Hundreds missing in ferry disaster |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/276480.stm |work=BBC News |date=10 February 1999 |accessdate=29 September 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://timelinesdb.com/listevents.php?subjid=499&title=Ship&fromrec=300 |title=Timelines of History Ship |website=Timelines |accessdate=29 September 2013}}</ref>
|313
|-
|1911
|{{flagcountry|France}}
|{{ship|French battleship|Liberté||2}} – battleship that suffered an accidental ammunition explosion; about 300 people were killed.
|300
|[[File:Liberte French Battleship LOC 04282u.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1981
|{{flagcountry|Brazil}}
|''[[Sobral Santos II]]'' The sinking was one of the worst maritime tragedies in the history of the [[Amazon River]].
|c. 300
|
|-
|1906
|{{flagcountry|Kingdom of Italy|civil}}
|{{SS|Sirio||2}} – On 4 August the cargo steamship sank after running aground and suffered a boiler explosion on the Punta Hormigas, a reef off Hormigas Island, two and a half miles east of [[Cape Palos]], [[Cartagena, Spain]]. 293, including Italian and Spanish emigrants bound for Argentina, of the 645 aboard were lost. Other sources put the death toll at over 500.
|293–500
|[[File:DC-1906-33-d Sirio.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1993
|{{flagcountry|South Korea|1984}}
|[[Sinking of the MV Seohae|Seohae Ferry]] – was a passenger ship that sank near Wi-do island, [[Jeolla]] Province. The ship was carrying 362 passengers (141 more than its capacity) and heavy freight in bad weather.
|292
|
|-
|1996
|{{flagcountry|Malta|civil}}
|[[Sinking of F174|''F174'']] – Severely overloaded and poorly maintained ship carrying migrants from South Asia, sank 19 miles off Portopalo di Capo Passero in Sicily.
|283+
|
|-
|1958
|{{flagcountry|Turkey}}
|{{SS|Üsküdar||2}} – A small passenger ferry sank due to heavy [[lodos]] weather in the [[Gulf of İzmit]] on 1 March. 272 passengers including seven crew died; 39 people survived.
|272
|
|-
|1994
|{{flagcountry|Kenya}}
|[[Likoni Ferry]] – On 29 April the overloaded passenger ferry ''Mtongwe One'' capsized and sank killing 272 people of the more than 300 aboard.<ref>{{cite news |title=16 years later, Kenya remembers |author=Claire Wanja |url=http://www.rnw.nl/africa/article/16-years-later-kenya-remembers |publisher=Radio Netherlands Worldwide – Africa |date=3 May 2010 |accessdate=29 September 2013 |archive-date=13 November 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113190344/http://www.rnw.nl/africa/article/16-years-later-kenya-remembers |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|272
|
|-
|1928
|{{flagcountry|Chile}}
|[[Transporter Angamos (1890)|''Angamos'']] – On 6 July it sailed bound for [[Talcahuano]] and sank off Punta Morguillas Lebu. Of the 269 people aboard 262 were lost and seven rescued. It was the second largest single maritime loss of life in the history of Chile.
|262
|[[File:Chilean transporter Angamos (1890).jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1996
|{{flagcountry|Indonesia}}
|''Gurita'' – On 19 January the ferry sunk during a strong storm six miles from Sabang. Of those on board, between 260 and 340 were killed and 47 survived.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/ferry-sinks-off-indonesian-coast |title=Ferry sinks off Indonesian coast - Jan 21, 1996 - HISTORY.com |access-date=7 June 2015 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304002258/http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/ferry-sinks-off-indonesian-coast |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|260-340
|
|-
|1913
|{{flagcountry|United States|1912}}
|[[Great Lakes Storm of 1913]] – A [[cyclonic]] [[blizzard]] (sometimes referred to as an inland hurricane) on the [[Great Lakes]] that occurred between 7 and 10 November. In total 12 ships were sunk with a combined crew loss of 255. An additional seven ships were damaged beyond repair; 19 more ships that had been stranded were later salvaged.
|255
|[[File:Wexford victims ashore, 1913.png|border|125px]]
|-
|1961
|{{flagcountry|United Kingdom|civil}}
|{{MV|Dara||2}} – sank in the [[Persian Gulf]] on 8 April, as a result of a powerful explosion that killed 238 of the 819 people aboard including 19 officers and 113 crew. The explosion is believed to have been caused by an explosive device placed aboard.
|238
|
|-
|1966
|{{flagcountry|Greece}}
|{{SS|Heraklion||2}} – a car ferry that capsized and sank on 8 December in the [[Aegean Sea]] in a storm. An unsecured vehicle damaged the loading door resulting in sea water entering the vessel. The sinking resulted in the death of 234 people out of 281 aboard.
|234
|<!-- [[WP:NFCC]] violation: [[File:SS Leicestershire.jpg|125px]] -->
|-
|1970
|{{flag|Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla}}
|{{MV|Christena||6}} – An overloaded passenger ferry boat that sank crossing the channel between the islands of [[St. Kitts]] and [[Nevis]], Leeward Islands.
|233
|
|-
|1953
|{{flagcountry|South Korea|1949}}
|{{ship||Changgyeong||2}} – The ferry sank on 5 January. It was cruising from [[Yeosu]] to [[Busan]].<ref>{{cite web |script-title=ko:창경호, 다대포서 침몰… 229명 사망 |trans-title=Changgyeong sank at Dadaepo... 229 died |date=2012-01-09 |publisher=Kyeonggi.com |url=http://www.kyeonggi.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=544549 |language=Korean}}</ref>
|229
|
|-
|1921
|{{flagcountry|Russian SFSR|1918}}
|{{ship||Sovnarkom|ship|2}} – on 10 May crashed into [[Novosibirsk]] railway bridge and sank in the [[Ob River]], resulting in the death of at least 225 (according to other estimates, 400).
|225–400
|[[File:Кормилецъ 1912.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1906
|{{flagcountry|Brazil|1889}}
|{{ship|Brazilian battleship|Aquidabã||2}} – an ironclad warship built during the mid-1880s. On 21 January, the powder magazine of the ship exploded, sinking it within three minutes. 212 people were lost.
|212
|[[File:A catastrophe da noite de 21, na bahia de Jacuecanga.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1909
|{{flagcountry|UKGBI|civil}}
|{{SS|Waratah||2}} – About 27 July, the steamship, ''en route'' from Australia to London, was lost without trace off [[Durban]] on the east coast of South Africa. All 211 aboard were lost.
|211
|[[File:Waratah1909.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1908
|{{flagcountry|Empire of Japan|naval}}
|{{ship|Japanese cruiser|Matsushima||2}} – On 30 April the cruiser ''Matsushima'', while returning from a training cruise and anchored at Mako in the Pescadores islands off Taiwan, had an accidental explosion occur in its ammunition magazine. ''Matsushima'' rolled over onto its starboard side and then sank stern-first. 206 of her 350 crew were lost.
|206
|[[File:Japanese cruiser Matsushima 2.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1919
|{{flagcountry|UKGBI|civil}}
|''[[Iolaire]]'' – ([[Scottish Gaelic]] for "Eagle") was an Admiralty yacht that hit rocks and sank on 1 January just off the [[Isle of Lewis]], while carrying soldiers coming home from World War I. At least 205 of the 280 men aboard were lost.
|205
|[[File:Admiralty-yacht-HMS-Iolaire-ship-Amalthaea-1908.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1988
|{{flag|Bangladesh|civil}}
|''Haisal'' – On 27 December the passenger ferry sank after being rammed from behind by a cargo ship on the [[Dhaleshwari River]] killing 200 people.<ref name="BBCNews">{{cite news |title=Shipping disasters timeline |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4678192.stm |work=BBC News |date=31 March 2006 |accessdate=25 September 2013}}</ref>
|200
|
|-
|1987
|{{flagcountry|United Kingdom|civil}}
|{{MS|Herald of Free Enterprise||2}} – Capsized and sank on 6 March due to taking on water just minutes after leaving the harbour at [[Port of Bruges-Zeebrugge|Zeebrugge]] in Belgium. The doors to the car decks were left open by the Assistant Bosun, Mark Stanley, causing the ferry to take on water and quickly capsize. Of the 539 aboard, 193 passengers and crew died.
|193
|[[File:Herald of Free Enterprise.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1983
|{{flagcountry|Soviet Union}}
|{{ship||Aleksandr Suvorov|ship|2}} – on 5 June the ship struck a girder of the [[Ulyanovsk]] railway bridge. The collision caused 177 deaths yet the ship stayed afloat, was restored and is still in use.
|177
|[[File:Теплоход суворов.JPG|border|125px]]
|-
|1980
|{{flagcountry|Philippines|1936}}
|[[Negros Navigation|''Don Juan'']] – On 22 April the luxury liner collided with an oil tanker ''Tacloban'' off [[Tablas Strait]] in [[Mindoro]] and sank 15 minutes later at a depth of 1,800 feet.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/1997/nov1997/110398.htm |title=G.R. No. 110398 - Negros Navigation vs The Court of Appeals, Ramon Miranda, SPS. Ricardo, and Virginia dela Victoria |publisher=[[Supreme Court of the Philippines]] |date=7 November 1997 |accessdate=19 August 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thenewstoday.info/2006/04/03/the.sinking.of.mv.don.juan.1.html |title=The Sinking of MV Don Juan (1) |publisher=The News of Today |date=3 April 2006 |accessdate=19 August 2013 |author=Atty. Salvilla, Rex S.}}</ref> The vessel was carrying 1,004 passengers but was only cleared to carry 864 persons including its crew.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1989/dec1989/gr_88052_1989.html |title=G.R. No. 88052 - The Macenas' and Javier vs The Court of Appeals, Capt. Sebastian, and Negros Navigation |publisher=Arellano Law Foundation |date=14 December 1989 |accessdate=19 August 2013}}</ref>
|176
|
|-
|1952
|{{flagcountry|United States|1912}}
|{{USS|Hobson|DD-464|6}} – On the night of 26 April, ''Hobson'' was steaming in formation with carrier USS ''Wasp'' (CV-18) about 600 miles (1000 kilometers) west of the Azores. The ''Hobson'' crossed the carrier's bow and was promptly struck amidships. The force of the collision rolled the destroyer-minesweeper over, breaking it in two. USS ''Rodman'' (DD-456) and the ''Wasp'' rescued many survivors but the ship and 176 of its crew were killed.
|176
|[[File:USS Hobson (DMS-26) underway in 1948.jpg|125px]]
|-
|1985
|{{flagcountry|China}}
|On 19 August an overloaded ferry operated by drunk pilots capsized in the [[Songhua River]], 174 of the 234 people aboard were lost.<ref>{{cite web |title=Rescue workers recovered 110 bodies from the Songhua River... |url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1985/08/19/More-than-110-people-died-and-up-to-26/6045493272000/ |website=UPI |publisher=United Press International |access-date=17 November 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Drunk skippers tip ferry, killing 174 |url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1985/09/11/Drunk-skippers-tip-ferry-killing-174/9452495259200/ |website=UPI |publisher=United Press International |access-date=17 November 2022}}</ref>
|174
|
|-
|1914
|{{flagcountry|Dominion of Newfoundland}}
|{{SS|Southern Cross|1886|2}} – Lost with all 173 crew in a storm between 31 March and 3 April. Believed to be near [[Cape Pine]], Newfoundland.
|173
|[[File:SS Southern Cross, Derwent River, 1898.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1955
|{{flagcountry|Japan|1947}}
|''[[Shiun Maru]]'' – 11 May. Collided in dense fog with sister ship ''Uko Maru'' in the [[Seto Inland Sea]] and sank with the loss of 166 passengers and two crew members.
|166
|
|-
|1990
|{{flagcountry|Denmark}}
|{{MS|Scandinavian Star||2}} – caught fire ''en route'' between Norway and Denmark, killing 159 people.
|159
|[[File:MS Scandinavian Star 001.jpg|125px]]
|-
|1981
|{{Flagcountry|Brazil}}
|Novo Amapá - On January 6, the ferry left [[Santana, Amapá]] with 600 passengers. The ship was overcrownded and capsized at [[Almeirim, Pará|Almeirim]]. The exact number of fatalities remains unknown, but it is estimated between 150 and 300.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Novo Amapá: naufrágio que vitimou centenas de pessoas na Amazônia completa 42 anos |url=https://g1.globo.com/ap/amapa/noticia/2023/01/06/novo-amapa-naufragio-que-vitimou-cerca-de-600-pessoas-na-amazonia-completa-42-anos.ghtml |access-date=2023-01-30 |website=G1 |date=6 January 2023 |language=pt-br}}</ref>
|150-300
|
|-
|1998
|{{flagcountry|Philippines|1986}}
|{{MV|Princess of the Orient||2}} – On 18 September, the ferry, while travelling from [[Manila]] to [[Cebu]], sailed into [[Typhoon Vicki]]. It capsized at 12:55 pm near [[Fortune Island (Philippines)|Fortune Island]] in [[Batangas]]. Of 388 passengers aboard, an estimated 150 died. Passengers floated in the sea for more than 12 hours before rescuers were able to reach the survivors.
|150
|[[File:ROPAX Sunflower11.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1907
|{{flagcountry|United States|1896}}
|''Larchmont'' – On 12 February, the paddle steamer sank off [[Block Island, Rhode Island]] after colliding with the schooner ''Harry Knowlton''. About 150 of the people 200 aboard were killed.<ref>{{cite news |title=Block Island, Rhode Island Larchmont Disaster February 1907 |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=14 February 1907 |url=http://www.gendisasters.com/data1/ri/ships/blockisland-larchmontdisaster1907.htm |accessdate=8 December 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081229035506/http://www.gendisasters.com/data1/ri/ships/blockisland-larchmontdisaster1907.htm |archive-date=29 December 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|150–200
|[[File:Steamship Larchmont.jpg|125px]]
|-
|1912
|{{flagcountry|UKGBI|civil}}
|{{SS|Koombana||2}} – disappeared on 20 March north of Port Hedland, Western Australia, in a tropical cyclone with the loss of about 76 passengers and 74 crew.
|150
|[[File:SS Koombana.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1989
|{{flagcountry|Romania}}
|''Mogoșoaia'' – On 10 January the ferry collided with a tug boat on the [[Danube River]] near [[Galați]]. Of those on board, between 151 and 239 were killed and 16 to 18 survived.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1989/09/11/Romania-to-investigate-collision-on-Danube/8156621489600/ |title=Romania to investigate collision on Danube}}</ref>
|151-239
|
|-
|1950
|{{flagcountry|Soviet Union|1936}}
|''Majakovskis'' [[Riga]] – sank in the [[Daugava River]] on 13 August, 147 died.
|147
|
|-
|1994
|{{flagcountry|Philippines|1986}}
|{{MV|Cebu City||2}} – On 2 December, the ferry collided with a Singaporean freighter ''Kota Suria'' and sank in [[Manila Bay]] killing 140 people.
|140
|
|-
|1991
|{{flagcountry|Italy|civil}}
|''[[Moby Prince]]'' – On 10 April, the ferry collided with the oil tanker ''Agip Abruzzo'' in [[Livorno|Livorno harbour]] and caught fire, killing 140 of the 141 people aboard.
|140
|[[File:Moby Prince.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1934
|{{flagcountry|United States|1912}}
|{{SS|Morro Castle (1930)||2}} – During the early morning hours of 8 September, while ''en route'' from Havana to New York, the passenger liner caught fire and burned, killing 137 passengers and crew members out of the 549 aboard. The ship was beached near [[Asbury Park, New Jersey]], and remained there for several months until it was eventually towed away and sold for scrap.
|137
|[[File:SS Morro Castle burning cph.3b14818.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1929
|{{flagcountry|Finland}}
|{{SS|Kuru||2}} – Passenger steamer sank after capsizing in high winds on 7 September in [[Näsijärvi|Lake Näsijärvi]] near [[Tampere]]. An estimated 136–138 people were lost.
|136–138
|[[File:Höyrylaiva Kuru.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1901
|{{flagcountry|United States|1896}}
|{{SS|City of Rio de Janeiro||2}} – ''en route'' from [[Hong Kong]], this passenger ship sank on 21 February after striking a submerged reef at the entry to [[San Francisco Bay]], killing more than 135 passengers and crew.
|135
|[[File:CA-boys-on-board-the-city-of-rio-de-janeiro-mail-steamer-1898.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1953
|{{flagcountry|United Kingdom|civil}}
|{{MV|Princess Victoria||2}} – Sank on 31 January in the [[North Channel (Great Britain and Ireland)|North Channel]] (between Scotland and Northern Ireland), in a severe storm killing 133 people. Its sinking had the greatest death toll in UK waters since World War II.
|133
|
|-
|1957
|{{flagcountry|West Germany}}
|{{ship||Pamir|ship|2}} – On 21 September the four-masted barque was caught in [[Hurricane Carrie]] and sank off the Azores with six survivors rescued of 138 aboard.
|132
|[[File:Pamir Modell.jpg|125px]]
|-
|1913
|{{flagcountry|Canada|1868}}
|{{SS|Volturno|1906|2}} – On 9 October the steamship, carrying mostly immigrants bound for New York, caught fire in a gale in the North Atlantic. 520 people were rescued. About 130 people, most of them women and children in lifeboats launched unsuccessfully, were killed.
|130
|[[File:Steamship Volturno.jpg|125px]]
|-
|1963
|{{flagcountry|United States}}
|{{USS|Thresher|SSN-593}} – A nuclear-powered attack submarine that sank on deep-diving tests on 10 April about {{convert|220|nmi|km}} east of Boston, Massachusetts.
|129
|[[File:USS Thresher;0859306.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1963
|{{flagcountry|Greece}}
|{{ship|TSMS|Lakonia}} – Caught fire and burned in the Atlantic Ocean on 22 December. 128 people died, of whom 95 were passengers and 33 were crew members. 53 people were killed by the fire. The rest died from exposure, drowning, and injuries sustained while diving overboard.
|128
|
|-
|1907
|{{flagcountry|UKGBI|civil}}
|{{SS|Berlin|1894|2}} – On 21 February the steamship was driven onto the granite breakwater at the [[Nieuwe Waterweg|New Waterway]] ship canal in the Netherlands by large waves and then broke apart. Of 144 people aboard, 128 were lost.
|128
|[[File:SS Berlin.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1905
|{{flagcountry|UKGBI|civil}}
|{{SS|Hilda||2}} – A steamship on a [[English Channel|cross-Channel]] run that sank killing 125 people.
|125
|[[File:SS Hilda shipwreck.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1911
|{{flagcountry|Australia|civil}}
|{{SS|Yongala||2}} – The ship sank off Cape Bowling Green, Australia, after steaming into a cyclone. There were no survivors of the 122 aboard.
|122
|[[File:SS Yongala 3.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1973
|{{flagcountry|Malaysia}}
|{{MV|Pulau Kidjang||2}} – On 26 December, the passenger ferry sank in the [[Rejang River]] near Tanjung Jerijeh, [[Sarawak]], {{convert|3.5|nmi|km}} west of Sarikei in the monsoon season. Of 159 people were aboard, 38 were saved including 18 sailors. 41 bodies were found.
|121
|
|-
|1907
|{{flagcountry|France}}
|{{ship|French battleship|Iéna||2}} – On 12 March, while in drydock in the Missiessy Basin at Toulon, the battleship suffered a series of internal explosions in her magazine. The first explosion was caused by Powder B, a [[nitrocellulose]]-based propellant in the ammunition, which tended to become unstable with age, and self-ignite. The explosion killed 120 people including two civilians hit by fragments in the suburb of Le Pont Du Las.
|120
|[[File:Iéna.JPG|border|125px]]
|-
|1908
|{{flagicon|Malta|1898}} [[Crown Colony of Malta|Malta]]
|{{SS|Sardinia|1888|2}} – The passenger-cargo ship burst into flames minutes after leaving the [[Grand Harbour]], and ran aground off [[Fort Ricasoli]]. Only 33 people on board survived, and at least 118 were killed.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gulf of Corcovado |url=http://www.tynebuiltships.co.uk/G-Ships/gulfofcorcovado1888.html |website=Tyne Built Ships |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190708121648/http://www.tynebuiltships.co.uk/G-Ships/gulfofcorcovado1888.html |archivedate=8 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=The Tragic end of the 'Maltese Titanic' |url=https://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2012-10-07/news/the-tragic-end-of-the-maltese-titanic-317022/ |work=[[The Malta Independent]] |date=7 October 2012 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200118021148/https://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2012-10-07/news/the-tragic-end-of-the-maltese-titanic-317022/ |archivedate=18 January 2020}}</ref>
|118+
|
|-
|1949
|{{flagcountry|Canada|1921}}
|{{SS|Noronic||2}} – Caught fire at the dockside in [[Toronto Harbour]] on 16 September. Estimates ranged from 118 to 139 fatalities. Most of the deaths were from suffocation or burns. However, some died from being trampled or from leaping off the upper decks onto the pier; only one person drowned.
|118–139
|[[File:SS Noronic moored in Toronto, 1930.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|2000
|{{Navy|Russia}}
|{{ship|Russian submarine|Kursk||2}} – The submarine, one of the Russian navy's most advanced vessels, [[Kursk submarine disaster|sank]] in the [[Barents Sea]] on 12 August with the loss of all 118 people on board. An explosion of fuel from an old torpedo caused the disaster.<ref>{{cite news |title=Russians remember Kursk submarine disaster, 10 years on|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-10950701 |work=BBC|access-date=25 October 2022 |date=12 August 2010}}</ref>
|118
|
|-
|1906
|{{flagcountry|United States|1896}}
|{{SS|Valencia||2}} – Shortly before midnight on 22 January, it struck a reef near [[Pachena Point]] on the southwest coast of [[Vancouver Island]] and sank. Estimates of the number of people killed vary widely. Some sources list it at 117; others claim it was as high as 181. According to the federal report, the official death toll was 136. 37 men survived, but every woman and child aboard was lost.
|117–181
|[[File:SS Valencia Side.png|border|125px]]
|-
|1928
|{{flagcountry|United Kingdom|civil}}
|{{SS|Vestris||2}} – On 12 November the ship began listing about {{convert|200|nmi|km}} off [[Hampton Roads, Virginia]], was abandoned, and sank killing more than 100 people.
|110
|[[File:SS Vestris Postcard.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1908
|{{flagcountry|United States|1908}}
|''[[Star of Bengal]]'' – On 20 September, in the beginning of its return trip from Fort Wrangell to San Francisco, the ship was in tow into the open sea when it encountered a storm. The ship struck the rocks near the shore of Coronation Island and sunk, killing approximately 110 of 138 people aboard.
|110
|[[File:StateLibQld 1 172019 Star of Bengal (ship).jpg|125px]]
|-
|1940
|{{flagcountry|Kingdom of Italy|civil}}
|''[[MS Orazio|Orazio]]'' – On 21 January the passenger liner caught fire and burned 35 miles off [[Toulon]], France. 48 of the 423 passengers and 60 of the 210 crew died in the fire.
|108
|[[File:MS Orazio 1920s.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1946
|{{flagcountry|Soviet Union|1936}}
|''Dalstroy'' – The Soviet steamer operating during the 1930s and 1940s from the port of [[Nakhodka]] to [[Magadan]] and delivering cargo and prisoners to [[Kolyma]], exploded on July 24, during the loading of [[ammonal]] in Nakhodka, due to gross safety violations. The explosion resulted in the death of 105 people, as well as significant property damage and environmental pollution.
|105
|
|-
|1954
|{{flagcountry|United States|1912}}
|''[[USS Bennington (CV-20)|USS Bennington]]'' ''–'' At 06:11 on 26 May, while cruising off [[Narragansett Bay]], the fluid in one of its [[Aircraft catapult|aircraft catapults]] leaked out and was detonated by the flames of a jet causing the forward part of the flight deck to explode, setting off a series of secondary explosions which killed 103 crewmen, predominantly among the senior NCO's of the crew and injured 201 others.<sup>[[USS Bennington (CV-20)|[1]]]</sup>''Bennington'' proceeded under its own power to [[Naval Air Station Quonset Point]], [[Rhode Island]], to land the injured. This tragedy caused the Navy to switch from hydraulic catapults to steam catapults for launching aircraft. A monument to the sailors who died in this tragic event was erected near the southwest corner of [[Fort Adams State Park]] in Newport, Rhode Island.
|103
|[[File:USS Bennington (CVS-20) underway at sea on 5 March 1965 (NH 97581).jpg|125px]]
|-
|1939
|{{flagcountry|United Kingdom|naval}}
|{{HMS|Thetis|N25|6}} – A [[British T-class submarine|T-class submarine]] that sank in [[Liverpool Bay]] on 1 June after inadvertent opening of both doors of a torpedo tube to the sea whilst diving. 99 people were killed, including shipyard workers who were aboard for sea trials. Raised and refitted, as {{HMS|Thunderbolt|N25|6}} the boat was later sunk by Italian anti-submarine forces in the Mediterranean Sea during March 1943.
|99
|[[File:HMSM Thunderbolt.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1968
|{{flagcountry|United States}}
|{{USS|Scorpion|SSN-589}} – A nuclear-powered submarine that sank (due most likely to an internal explosion) on 22 May {{convert|460|nmi|km}} southwest of the [[Azores]] in the Atlantic Ocean.
|99
|[[File:Uss scorpion SSN589.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1933
|{{flagcountry|Soviet Union|1924}}
|''[[The Fourth disaster]]'' – a boat sank in the Volga near [[Yaroslavl]] on 9 July. At least 98 died.
|98
|
|-
|1959
|{{flagcountry|Denmark}}
|{{ship||Hans Hedtoft|ship|2}} – The liner was sailing from [[Greenland]] when it struck an iceberg and sank on 30 January. There were 40 crew members and 55 passengers aboard. No-one survived. It was on its maiden voyage and was said to be "unsinkable" due to its strong design.
|95
|<!-- [[WP:NFCC]] violation: [[File:MS Hans Hedtoft.jpg|125px]] -->
|-
|1911
|{{flagcountry|France}}
|SS ''Emir'' – On 9 August the steamship was struck and sunk by the British steamship ''Silverton'' in dense fog in the [[Strait of Gibraltar]] off the coast of [[Tarifa|Tarifa, Spain]]. 71 passengers and 24 crew members were killed while 15 passengers and 12 crew members were rescued.<ref>{{cite news |title=Steamer Sinks With 95 Aboard |url=https://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=SRPD19110810.2.5 |accessdate=10 June 2017 |newspaper=The Press Democrat |date=10 August 1911}}</ref>
|95
|
|-
|1918
|{{flagcountry|Dominion of Newfoundland}}
|{{SS|Florizel||2}} – Sank after striking a reef at Horn Head Point [[Cape Race]] near [[Cappahayden]], Newfoundland on 23 February. Of 144 people aboard, 94 were killed.
|94
|[[File:SS florizel.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1989
|{{flagcountry|Thailand}}
|''[[Drillship Seacrest|Seacrest]]'' – the [[Unocal]] drilling ship capsized in the [[Gulf of Thailand]] on 3 November in [[Typhoon Gay]]. 91 of its crew complement of 97 were lost.
|91
|
|-
|1916
|{{flagcountry|United Kingdom|civil}}
|[[SS Connemara|''Connemara'']] – On 3 November the ferry sank at the entrance to [[Carlingford Lough]], [[County Louth|Louth]], Ireland after being hit amidships by the coal ship ''Retriever'' which also sank. All 82 aboard the ''Connemara'' were killed, and only one crew member of the ''Retriever'''s crew of nine were rescued.
|90
|[[File:SS Connemara.jpg|125px]]
|-
|1965
|{{flagcountry|Panama}}
|{{SS|Yarmouth Castle||2}} – The steamship's loss in a disastrous fire prompted new laws for safety at sea. 87 people were killed, three of the rescued passengers later died in hospital, bringing the death toll to 90.
|90
|[[File:Yarmouth Castle fire.JPG|border|125px]]
|-
|1907
|{{flagcountry|United States|1896}}
|{{SS|Columbia|1880|2}} – A little more than 20 minutes past midnight on 21 July, the passenger steamship collided with the [[West coast lumber trade#Steam schooners|steam schooner]] ''San Pedro'' in dense fog sinking in less than 9 minutes, killing 88 people, including all children aboard. The sinking of ''Columbia'' partially caused public outrage against American operated Pacific coastal steamships.
|88
|[[File:SS Columbia Undated Photograph.png|border|125px]]
|-
|1922
|{{flagcountry|Mexico|1916}}
|''Topolobampo'' – In November, the 36-ton steamer left [[Guaymas]] carrying 125 passengers bound for the cotton fields of [[Mexicali]]. Around midnight at the end of 18 November, the vessel was hit by a nearly 15-foot [[tidal bore]] traveling up the [[Colorado River]]. 86 people drowned; 21 bodies were recovered. 39 survivors were found.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Waters |first1=Frank |title=The Colorado |date=1946 |pages=106–107 |edition=First printing}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Mose and Estelle Daniels |title=Tidal Bore |journal=Arizona Highways |date=May 1954 |page=28 |url=http://azmemory.azlibrary.gov/cdm/ref/collection/aho/id/761}}</ref>
|86
|
|-
|1982
|{{flagcountry|Canada}}
|''[[Ocean Ranger]]'' – On 15 February a semi-submersible mobile offshore drilling unit sank on the [[Grand Banks of Newfoundland]], {{convert|267|km}} east of [[St. John's, Newfoundland]] with the loss of all 84 crew members.
|84
|[[File:Ranger2.png|border|125px]]
|-
|1997
|{{flagcountry|Albania}}
|[[Tragedy of Otranto|''Kateri i Radës'']] – On 28 March the ship sank after a collision with the Italian naval vessel ''Sibilia'' in the Strait of Otranto. Of the 142 on board, 83 lost their lives.
|83
|
|-
|1964
|{{flagcountry|Australia|naval-1913}}
|{{HMAS|Voyager|D04|6}} – On 10 February, while undergoing post-refitting exercises, the destroyer was [[Melbourne-Voyager collision|rammed and sunk]] off [[Jervis Bay]], New South Wales, by the [[aircraft carrier]] {{HMAS|Melbourne|R21|6}}, which was also performing post-refitting exercises.<ref name="Frame">{{cite book |last=Frame |first=Tom |authorlink=Tom Frame (bishop) |title=The Cruel Legacy: the HMAS Voyager tragedy |year=2005 |publisher=Allen & Unwin |location=Crows Nest, NSW |isbn=1-74115-254-2 |oclc=61213421 |pages=1–15}}</ref> 82 of the 314 people aboard ''Voyager'' were lost;<ref name="Frame" /> Australia's largest peacetime loss of military personnel.
|82
|[[File:HMAS Melbourne (R21), HMAS Voyager (D04) and HMAS Vendetta (D08) underway, circa in 1959 (AWM 301014).jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|2000
|{{flagcountry|Greece}}
|{{MS|Express Samina||2}} – On 26 September, the roll-on/roll-off ferry hit a reef and sank at 23:02 hrs near the island of [[Paros]]. Of the 534 people aboard (473 passengers and 61 crew), 82 were lost.
|82
|
[[File:"Express Samina" - Piraeus, 2000.jpg |border|125px]]
|-
|1953
|{{flagcountry|Turkey}}
|[[USS Blower (SS-325)|TCG ''Dumlupınar'']] – On 4 April, the submarine sank with all crew after colliding with the Swedish freighter ''Naboland'' in the [[Dardanelles]].
|81
|[[File:USS Blower;0832501.jpg|125px]]
|-
|1981
|{{flagcountry|Philippines|1936}}
|{{BRP|Datu Kalantiaw|PS-76|2}} – a Philippine Navy destroyer escort driven aground by [[Typhoon Clara (1981)|Typhoon Clara]] on 21 September. 79 of its 97 crew were killed.
|79
|[[File:BRP Datu Kalantiaw (PS-76) capsized on Cayalan Island, Philippines, 22 September 1981 (6371751).jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1976
|{{flagcountry|United States}}
|''[[MV George Prince ferry disaster|George Prince]]'' – On 20 October, a small automobile ferry crossing the [[Mississippi River]] in [[Louisiana]] collided with the tanker ''Frosta'', capsized and sank. Of 96 people aboard, 78 were lost.
|78
|[[File:Luling Ferry Accident 1976.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1929
|{{flagcountry|United States|1912}}
|''[[SS San Juan|San Juan]]'' – On the night of 29 August, the coastal liner, outbound from [[San Francisco]] bound for [[Los Angeles]], collided in dense fog with the oil tanker ''S.C.T. Dodd'' in the Pacific Ocean north of [[Monterey, California|Monterey]]. The ageing ''San Juan'' was a poorly maintained 47-year-old wrought iron steamship, allowing the ''Dodd'' to cut halfway into its stern and destroyed a lifeboat. The ''San Juan'' capsized to port and sank stern first in less than three minutes killing 77 people. Most of the survivors were dragged down with the sinking ship only to swim free of the sinking vessel during the final plunge. The ''San Juan'' sinking helped end of the use of coastal passenger steamships.<ref name="Belyk">{{Cite book |title=Great Shipwrecks of the Pacific Coast |last=Belyk |first=Robert C. |publisher=Wiley |year=2001 |isbn=0-471-38420-8 |location=New York City}}Chapter; San Juan: End of An Era</ref>
|77
|[[File:SS San Juan in 1895.PNG|border|125px]]
|-
|1978
|{{flagcountry|Singapore}}
|[[Spyros disaster|''Spyros'']] – On 12 October, while undergoing repairs dockside, the Greek tanker exploded at the Jurong Shipyard killing 76 people.
|76
|
|-
|1909
|{{flagcountry|New Zealand|civil}}
|{{SS|Penguin||2}} – On 12 February, the inter-island ferry hit a rock near the entrance to [[Wellington Harbour]], sinking then exploding when water entered its boiler room. Of the 105 people aboard, 75 died.
|75
|[[File:SS Penguin.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1951
|{{flagcountry|United Kingdom|naval}}
|{{HMS|Affray|P421|6}} – an {{sclass|Amphion|submarine|2}} that disappeared on 16 April on a training exercise in the English Channel, killing all 75 crew. It is the last Royal Navy submarine to have been lost at sea.
|75
|[[File:HMS Affray P421.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1928
|{{flagcountry|Denmark}}
|{{ship||København|ship|2}} – a five-masted barque used as a naval training vessel until it disappeared with 75 aboard after 22 December. Built by the Danish East Asiatic Company in 1921, it was the world's largest sailing ship at the time, and served primarily for sail training of young cadets.
|75
|[[File:StateLibQld 1 143507 København (ship).jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1969
|{{flagcountry|United States}}
|{{USS|Frank E. Evans|DD-754|6}} – On 3 June, while operating as an airplane guard for the Australian aircraft carrier {{HMAS|Melbourne|R21|6}} in the [[SEATO]] training exercise Sea Spirit, the destroyer crossed the bows of the carrier and was [[Melbourne-Evans collision|rammed and sunk]].<ref name="FramePP">{{cite book |last=Frame |first=Tom |authorlink=Tom Frame (bishop) |title=Pacific Partners: a history of Australian–American naval relations |year=1992 |location=Rydalmere, NSW |publisher=[[Hodder & Stoughton]] |isbn=0-340-56685-X |oclc=27433673 |pages=126–8}}</ref> Of the 273 aboard ''Evans'', 74 died.<ref name="FramePP" /> The management of the inquiry into the collision was seen as detrimental to [[United States–Australia relations]].<ref name="FramePP" />
|74
|[[File:USS Frank E. Evans (DD-754).jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1995
|{{flagcountry|Philippines|1986}}
|[[List of maritime disasters in the Philippines|''Viva Antipolo VII'']] – On 16 May the ferry caught fire and sank in the vicinity of [[Lucena, Quezon]]. Of the 214 people aboard, 62 were killed and 10 were missing in the accident.<ref>{{cite news |title=Major marine mishaps in the Philippines |publisher=GMA News Online |date=23 June 2008 |url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/102803/news/major-marine-mishaps-in-the-philippines |accessdate=5 July 2015}}</ref>
|72
|
|-
|1972
|{{flagcountry|United Kingdom|civil}}
|{{ship|STV|Royston Grange}} – The British [[cargo liner]] was destroyed by fire after a collision with the petroleum tanker ''Tien Chee'' in the [[Rio de la Plata]] on 11 May. There were no survivors from the 72 people aboard.
|72
|
|-
|1996
|{{flag|Philippines|1986}}
|''Gretchen I'' – On 19 February the overloaded ferry capsized and sank off [[Cadiz, Negros Occidental|Cadiz]] with the loss of 71 people. There were at least 141 survivors.<ref name="Times200296">{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=Ferry captain held after 54 drowned |date=20 February 1996 |page=11 |issue=65507 |column=D-E}}</ref>
|71
|
|-
|1925
|{{flagcountry|United Kingdom|naval}}
|{{HMS|M1|1917|6}} – The submarine sank with all crew (69) on 12 November after being struck by the Swedish ship {{SS|Vidar||2}} while submerged in the English Channel.
|69
|[[File:HMS M1 from air port bow.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1989
|{{flag|Guatemala|civil}}
|''Justo Rufino Barrios II'' – On 1 January the ferry sank in [[Amatique Bay]] whilst being towed by a [[Guatemalan Navy]] vessel, after running out of fuel, with the loss of 67 lives. It was reported that the ship was overloaded with passengers at the time of the accident.<ref name="Times030189">{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=Rio ship operators charged as toll from sinking rises |author=Mac Margolis |date=3 January 1989 |page=5 |issue=63281 |column=C-E}}</ref><ref name="NYT030189">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/01/03/world/67-die-when-ferry-sinks-in-caribbean.html |title=67 DIE WHEN FERRY SINKS IN CARIBBEAN |newspaper=The New York Times |date=3 January 1989 |accessdate=6 May 2012}}</ref>
|67
|
|-
|1901
|{{flagcountry|UKGBI|naval}}
|{{HMS|Cobra|1899|6}} – the destroyer's brief career ended when it broke its back and sank near Cromer on 18 September. 67 men were lost; 12 saved.
|67
|[[File:HMS Cobra (1899).jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1950
|{{flagcountry|United Kingdom|naval}}
|{{HMS|Truculent|P315|6}} – The T-class submarine sank in the [[Thames Estuary]] on 12 January after colliding with the Swedish oil tanker ''Divina''. A total of 64 people died, most in freezing cold mid-winter conditions after escaping the collision.
|64
|[[File:HMS Truculent.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1921
|{{flagcountry|UKGBI|naval}}
|{{HMS|K5}} – A [[British K-class submarine|K-class submarine]], lost with all crew (57) on 20 January when it sank ''en route'' to a mock battle in the [[Bay of Biscay]].
|57
|[[File:HMS K5 aerial view AWM H11994.jpeg|border|125px]]
|-
|1921
|{{flagcountry|United States|1912}}
|[[USS Conestoga (AT-54)|USS ''Conestoga'']] – The ship was missing and lost with all crew after it left 25 March from [[Mare Island|Mare Island, California]], heading for [[Pearl Harbor]], Hawaii. The wreck was located in 2009 in the [[Greater Farallones National Marine Sanctuary]].
|56
|[[File:USS Conestoga (AT-54) at San Diego c1921.jpg|125px]]
|-
|1903
|{{flagcountry|Canada|1868}}
|[[Clallam (steamboat)|''Clallam'']] – The ferry sank on 9 January in a storm in the [[Strait of Juan de Fuca]], between [[British Columbia]] and [[Washington (state)|Washington]], killing 56 people.
|56
|[[File:The Wreck of the Clallam Beached at Oak Bay, Victoria.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1999
|{{flag|Philippines}}
|{{MV|Asia South Korea||2}} – On 22 December the ferry was off [[Bantayan Island]] in stormy weather. According to one crew member a large wave swamped the ferry, knocking out the power. Life vests were then distributed and rafts were launched immediately.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/575891.stm |title=Hundreds rescued as ferry sinks |work=[[BBC News]] |date=23 December 1999 |publisher=[[British Broadcasting Corporation|BBC]] |location=[[London, England|London]] |accessdate=21 August 2012}}</ref> Other reports state that the ship was off course and struck a reef before sinking.
|56
|
|-
|1925
|{{flagcountry|United States|1912}}
| ''Mackinac'' – late in the afternoon of 18 August, the {{convert|162|ft}} excursion ship was passing the [[Naval Station Newport|Newport Naval Station]], Rhode Island, when its boiler exploded, killing 55 passengers. It was on a day cruise from [[Pawtucket, Rhode Island]], to Newport Harbor for passengers to visit the city and its beaches. Most injuries and deaths were from burns and smoke or steam inhalation. Some people jumped overboard but none drowned. The ship remained afloat and many boats came to the rescue. More than 600 passengers survived, many uninjured. The ship's Captain was George W. McVey, who had also been captain of ''Larchmont'' in 1907 when it sank after a collision less than {{convert|20|nmi|km}} away.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gendisasters.com/ |title=GenDisasters ... Genealogy in Tragedy, Disasters, Fires, Floods - Events That Touched Our Ancestors' Lives |accessdate=19 April 2015 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416161848/http://www3.gendisasters.com/ |archivedate=16 April 2015}}</ref>
|55
|
|-
|1988
|{{Flagcountry|Brazil}}
|Bateau Mouche IV - During the 1988 New Year's Eve, the former fishing ship, adapted for tourism, was at [[Guanabara Bay]] waiting for the New Year's fireworks of [[Copacabana, Rio de Janeiro]], when it was hit by strong waves. The movements of passengers and loads caused the ship to capsize, 55 of the 142 passengers lost their lives in the sinking, including the actress [[Yara Amaral]] and her mother.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Naufrágio do Bateau Mouche |url=https://memoriaglobo.globo.com/jornalismo/coberturas/naufragio-do-bateau-mouche/noticia/naufragio-do-bateau-mouche.ghtml |access-date=2023-01-30 |website=memoriaglobo |date=29 October 2021 |language=pt-br}}</ref>
|55
|
|-
|1993
|{{flagcountry|Poland}}
|{{MS|Jan Heweliusz||2}} – a Polish [[Roll-on/roll-off]] ferry during the early hours of 14 January, while sailing from [[Swinoujscie]] to [[Ystad]], capsized and sank in {{convert|27|m}} of water off [[Cape Arcona]] on the coast of [[Rügen]] in the [[Baltic Sea]]. 55 people aboard were killed; 20 crew and 35 passengers, 9 crew were rescued; 10 bodies were never found.
|55
|[[File:Jan Heweliusz 1986.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1932
|{{flagcountry|France}}
|{{MS|Georges Philippar||2}} was an [[ocean liner]] of the French [[Messageries Maritimes]] line that was built in 1930. On its maiden voyage it caught fire and sank in the [[Gulf of Aden]] with the loss of 54 lives.
|54
|[[File:Paquebot Georges Philippar (1931).jpg|125px]]
|-
|1968
|{{flagcountry|New Zealand|civil}}
|{{ship|TEV|Wahine}} – an inter island ferry that foundered in a cyclone on [[Barrett Reef]] at the mouth of [[Wellington Harbour]] and capsized near [[Steeple Rock]]. Of the 610 passengers and 123 crew aboard, 53 were lost.
|53
|[[File:NZ_Wahine_Salvage.jpg|125px]]
|-
|1929
|{{flagcountry|United States|1912}}
|{{SS|Milwaukee||2}} – On 22 October the [[train ferry]], while carrying 27 railroad cars, sank off Milwaukee in Lake Michigan in a storm. There were no survivors from the 52 men aboard.
|52
|[[File:Milwaukee shipwreck lifeboat.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1989
|{{Flag|United Kingdom|civil}}
|[[Marchioness disaster|''Marchioness'']] – On 20 August the pleasure boat sank after being pushed under by the dredger ''Bowbelle'' late at night near Cannon Street Railway Bridge on the Thames River. Of the 131 on board, 51 were killed by the accident.
|51
|
|-
|1957
|{{flag|Pakistan}}
|{{SS|Minocher Cowasjee|1921|2}} – The cargo ship reported in distress in position {{coord|-25.3|68.00}}, east of Madagascar in the Indian Ocean, coming from [[Tianjin]]<ref name="PakistanShippingPar192">{{cite web |url=http://pakistan-national-shipping.blogspot.de/2013/05/east-west-steamship-co.html?m=1 |title=EAST & WEST STEAMSHIP CO |accessdate=10 August 2017 |date=8 May 2013}}</ref> heading to [[Antwerp]].<ref name="wrecksite.eu2">{{cite web |url=http://www.wrecksite.eu/wreck.aspx?141260 |title=SS Minocher Cowasjee (+1957) |accessdate=10 May 2017}}</ref> All 51 crew members, mostly Pakistanis and at least one German, were killed.<ref name="ZeitOnline2017-24-012">{{cite web |url=http://www.wrecksite.eu/wreck.aspx?141260 |title=Kalenderblatt 2017: 24. Januar) |accessdate=10 August 2017}}</ref>
|51
|
|-
|1921
|{{flagcountry|United Kingdom|civil}}
|''[[SS Canastota|Canastota]]'' – On 13 June, the cargo steamer left Sydney, Australia, bound for Wellington, New Zealand, and was never heard from again. Cargo from the ship - some of which was charred, suggesting a fire at sea - was washed up on [[Lord Howe Island]]. Otherwise, the ship and its crew of 49 men disappeared without trace.
|49
|[[File:SS Canastota.tif|frameless|126x126px]]
|-
|1989
|{{flagcountry|United States}}
|{{USS|Iowa|BB-61|6}} – On 19 April , an open breech [[USS Iowa turret explosion|explosion occurred]] in the center gun of turret Number Two aboard ''Iowa'', killing all 47 men in the turret.
|47
|[[File:USS Iowa BB61 Iowa Explosion 1989.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1935
|{{flagcountry|United States|1912}}
|{{SS|Mohawk||2}} – On 24 January, eight miles off the coast of New Jersey, the passenger liner suffered a failure of its automatic steering gear, veered off course into the path of Norwegian freighter {{SS|Talisman||2}}, and was rammed on the port side. It sank within one hour. 16 out of 53 passengers and 31 of the crew of 110 were killed, including the captain.
|47
|
|-
|1956
|{{flagcountry|Italy|civil}}
|{{SS|Andrea Doria||2}} – On 25 July, approaching the coast of [[Nantucket, Massachusetts]], bound for New York City, the passenger liner was struck by the eastward-bound {{MS|Stockholm|1948|2}}. 1,660 passengers and crew were rescued and survived, while 46 people died as a consequence of the collision. In what became one of history's most noted maritime disasters, ''Andrea Doria''{{'}}s loss generated great interest in the media and resulted in many lawsuits.
|46
|[[File:Sinking of Andrea Doria.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1906
|{{flagcountry|United States|1896}}
|''[[Dix (steamboat)|Dix]]'' – On 18 November the ferry sank off [[Alki Point, Seattle]] after a collision, killing more than 45 people.
|45
|[[File:Puget Sound steamboat 'Dix'.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1974
|{{flagcountry|Soviet Union|1974}}
|Soviet cargo ship "Tixi" sunk with all of its crew during a storm in the Devils' Sea on March 22 en route from Japan to Australia.
|45
|
|-
|1902
|{{flagcountry|New Zealand|civil}}
|{{SS|Elingamite||2}} – The ship, carrying a large consignment of gold, was wrecked off the north coast of New Zealand killing 45 people. The wreck is now favoured by adventurous divers for the drama associated with it, and tales of lost treasure.
|45
|[[File:SS Elingamite.jpg|125px]]
|-
|1980
|{{flagcountry|United Kingdom|civil}}
|{{MV|Derbyshire||2}} – Lost on 9 September, south of Japan, in [[Typhoon Orchid (1980)|Typhoon Orchid]]. All aboard (42 crew and 2 spouses) died. At 91,655 gross tons it was, and remains, the largest UK ship to have ever been lost at sea.
|44
|[[File:Model of the M.V. English Bridge.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1989
|{{navy|Soviet Union}}
|{{ship|Soviet submarine|K-278 Komsomolets||2}} – On 7 April the ''Mike''-class [[nuclear submarine]] sank in the [[Barents Sea]] with the loss of 42 of its 67 crew after an onboard fire.
|42
|[[File:DN-SN-87-07042-Mike class submarine-1 Jan 1986.JPEG|125px]]
|-
|1971
|{{flagcountry|Greece}}
|''Heleanna'' – On 28 August, the ferry caught fire off [[Torre Canne]] (Italy), resulting in 25 dead and 16 missing out of 1174 people aboard.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ilnautilus.it/news/2011-08-25/la-storia-della-nave-greca-heleanna_3495/ |title=La storia della nave greca Heleanna |date=25 August 2011 |accessdate=19 April 2015}}</ref>
|41
|
|-
|1914
|{{flagcountry|United States|1912}}
|{{SS|Monroe|1902|2}} – On 30 January, while traveling from Norfolk to New York City, the passenger ship was struck by the freighter ''Nantucket'' in fog {{convert|50|mi}} off the [[Virginia Capes]], causing it to capsize and sink, killing 41 people aboard.
|41
|[[File:SS Monroe 1903.png|125px]]
|-
|1901
|{{flagcountry|Canada|1868}}
|{{SS|Islander||2}} – On 15 August, while sailing down the narrow [[Lynn Canal]] south of [[Juneau]], the ship struck what was reported to be an [[iceberg]] that stove a large hole in her forward port quarter. It sank quickly, killing 40 of the 172 people aboard.
|40
|[[File:SS Islander.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1911
|{{flagcountry|United States|1908}}
|{{ship||Sechelt|steamboat|2}} – The ferry sank on 24 March in Strait of Juan de Fuca in mysterious circumstances, killing 37 people.
|37
|[[File:Sechelt (steamboat) (ex Hattie Hansen) ca 1910.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1941
|{{flagcountry|United States|1912}}
|''Don'' – The ship was a pleasure craft that was lost in [[Casco Bay]], Maine on 29 June in an apparent explosion near [[Ragged Island (Harpswell, Maine)|Ragged Island]]. Everyone aboard was killed. The vessel was reportedly overloaded with passengers and carrying extra cans of gasoline on deck at the time of the loss.<ref>{{cite news |title=RECOVER FIVE BODIES FROM MISSING BOAT OFF COAST OF MAINE. |url=http://www.gendisasters.com/maine/1909/harpswell-me-cabin-cruiser-don-disaster-june-1941 |accessdate=1 January 2017 |publisher=Associated Press |date=1 July 1941 |archive-date=17 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117002548/http://gendisasters.com/maine/1909/harpswell-me-cabin-cruiser-don-disaster-june-1941 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=37 DROWNED OFF YACHT |url=http://www.gendisasters.com/maine/1909/harpswell-me-cabin-cruiser-don-disaster-june-1941 |accessdate=1 January 2017 |publisher=Associated Press |date=2 July 1941 |archive-date=17 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117002548/http://gendisasters.com/maine/1909/harpswell-me-cabin-cruiser-don-disaster-june-1941 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|36
|
|-
|1958
|{{flagcountry|United States|1912}}
|{{ship||Carl D. Bradley||2}} – Sank on Lake Michigan in an 18 November storm with the loss of 33 crew.
|33
|[[File:CarlDBradley ship.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1963
|{{flagcountry|United Kingdom|civil}}
|{{MV|Tritonica||2}} – On 20 July the [[Bermuda]]-registered ore carrier was on the St Lawrence River ''en route'' from [[Havre-Saint-Pierre, Quebec|Havre-Saint-Pierre]] to [[Sorel-Tracy|Sorel, Québec]] with about 18,300 tons of [[ilmenite]] when it collided in dense fog with the British cargo ship ''Roonagh Head'' shortly before 03:00 hrs off [[Petite-Rivière-Saint-François]]. It sank within eight minutes with all hatches open. Its sinking was so sudden that all navigation crew were trapped in the wheelhouse. 18 bodies were recovered; another 15 remained missing. Its Canadian pilot was also missing. In the fog and night a third ship, the Spanish ''Conde de Fontamar'', struck ''Tritonica''{{'}}s superstructure. It saved seven survivors.
|33
|
|-
|1940
|{{flagcountry|United States|1912}}
|{{SS|William B. Davock||2}} – On 11 November the cargo ship was caught in a fierce storm on Lake Michigan. It was making her way down the lake with coal for Chicago, and is presumed to have been overwhelmed at the height of the storm by the intense wind and waves, sinking in about {{convert|200|ft}} of water {{convert|5|mi|0}} off Little Sable Point between Ludington, Michigan and Pentwater, Michigan. The freighter {{SS|Anna C. Minch||2}} sank nearby in the same storm.
|32–33
|[[File:William B. Davock.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1998
|{{flagcountry|United Kingdom|civil}}
|{{ship|S/V|Fantome||2}} – The 679-ton [[windjammer]] was lost in October in [[Hurricane Mitch]]. All 31 crew were lost.
|31
|[[File:SV Fantome side view.jpg|125px]]
|-
|1992
|{{flagcountry|Cyprus|1960}}
|{{MV|Royal Pacific||2}} – It was rammed by the Taiwanese fishing vessel Terfu 51 in the Straits of Malacca, and sank, sending thirty people to their deaths.<ref>Plowman, Peter (2004). Ferry to Tasmania: A Short History. Chiwick Publications.</ref> The deaths are most likely attributed to the crew's choice to abandon ship first.
|30
|
|-
|1975
|{{flagcountry|United States|1975}}
|{{SS|Edmund Fitzgerald}} – A [[taconite]] [[lake freighter|Great Lakes freighter]] that sank in a [[Lake Superior]] storm on 10 November, with the loss of the entire crew of 29. When launched on 7 June 1958, it was the largest ship on North America's [[Great Lakes]], and it remains the largest to have sunk there.
|29
|[[File:Edmund Fitzgerald, 1971, 3 of 4 (restored).jpg|125px|alt=SS Edmund Fitzgerald underway, photo by Winston Brown|SS ''Edmund Fitzgerald'' underway]]
|-
|1978
|{{flagcountry|West Germany}}
|The [[MS München|MS ''München'']] was a LASH carrier of the Hapag-Lloyd line that sank with all crew for unknown reasons in a severe storm on 13 December. The most accepted theory is that one or more rogue waves hit ''München'' and damaged it, so that it drifted for 33 hours with a list of 50 degrees without electricity or propulsion.
|28
|
|-
|1981
|{{flagcountry|Israel|civil}}
|The ''Mezada'' was lost on 3 March; The cargo ship sank in rough seas approximately 100 nautical miles (190 km) southeast of Bermuda. Eleven of 35 crew rescued.
|24
|[[File:MezadaVictims.jpg|125px|Mezada Victims]] [[File:MezadaSinking8031981.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1948
|{{flagicon|Malta|1943}} [[Crown Colony of Malta|Malta]]
|Unnamed ''[[luzzu]]'' – The fishing boat which was overloaded with passengers [[1948 Gozo luzzu disaster|capsized and sank]] in the [[Gozo Channel]] off [[Qala, Malta|Qala]], [[Gozo]], [[Crown Colony of Malta|Malta]], killing 23 of the 27 people aboard.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Attard |first1=Eddie |title=The 1948 Ħondoq ir-Rummien tragedy |url=https://timesofmalta.com/articles/view/the-1948-ondoq-ir-rummien-tragedy.443026 |accessdate=25 January 2020 |work=[[Times of Malta]] |date=28 October 2012}}</ref>
|23
|
|-
|1931
|{{flagcountry|Estonia}}
|''Liro'' – the steamship underway from UK to Estonia went missing in a heavy storm on the Baltic Sea. All crew and passengers died.<ref>[https://ekspress.delfi.ee/artikkel/69086701/mineviku-traagilised-laevahukud Eesti Ekspress]</ref>
|20
|
|}
In 1972, the university Seawise University (ex-British liner RMS Queen Elizabeth) caught fire and sank, just a short distance from Kowloon. <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/fire-breaks-out-on-queen-elizabeth | title=Fire breaks out on former RMS Queen Elizabeth }}</ref>
==Wartime==
[[Disasters]] with great loss of life can also occur in times of armed conflict. Shown below are some of the known events with major losses.
=== Russo-Japanese War ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="display: inline-table"
|-
! data-sort-type="number"|Year
! width="115px"|Country
! class="unsortable"|Description
! data-sort-type="number"|Deaths
! Use
! class="unsortable"|Image
|-
|1905
|{{flagcountry|Russian Empire|naval}}
|[[Battle of Tsushima]] – the decisive naval battle of the [[Russo-Japanese War]] of 1904–1905, in which two-thirds of the Russian fleet was destroyed. 4,380 Russians were killed and 5,917 captured, including two admirals; 1,862 were interned. The battleships {{Ship|Russian battleship|Knyaz Suvorov||2}}, {{ship|Russian battleship|Imperator Aleksandr III|1901|2}}, {{Ship|Russian battleship|Borodino||2}} and {{Ship|Russian battleship|Oslyabya||2}} were sunk.
|4,380
|
|[[File:ImperatorAleksandrIII1904Kronshtadt-1.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1904
|{{flagcountry|Empire of Japan}}
|[[SS Hitachi Maru (1898)|''Hitachi Maru'']] – A Japanese transport ship that was shelled and sunk by the [[Imperial Russian Navy]] [[armored cruiser]] {{ship|Russian cruiser|Gromoboi|1899|2}} in the southern [[Korean Strait]] between the Japanese mainland and [[Tsushima Island|Tsushima]] in the "[[Hitachi Maru Incident|''Hitachi Maru'' Incident]]".
|1,086
|
|[[File:HitachiMaru1898.JPG|125px]]
|-
|1904
|{{flagcountry|Russian Empire|naval}}
|{{ship|Russian battleship|Petropavlovsk|1894|2}} – the Russian battleship was sunk on 31 March after striking two mines near the [[Lüshunkou District|Port Arthur naval base]]. A total of 18 officers, including an Imperial vice admiral and 620 men were killed.
|620
|
|[[File:Petropavlovsk1899Kronshtadt.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1904
|{{flagcountry|Empire of Japan|naval}}
|{{ship|Japanese battleship|Hatsuse||2}} – A Japanese battleship that hit two mines on 15 May and sunk with the loss of 496 crew in a Russian minefield off Port Arthur.
|496
|
|[[File:Japanese battleship Hatsuse.jpg|125px]]
|-
|1904
|{{flagcountry|Empire of Japan|naval}}
|{{Ship|Japanese cruiser|Yoshino||2}} – On 14 May, the [[cruiser]] sank killing 319 people after a collision. 19 survived.
|319
|
|[[File:Japanese cruiser Yoshino at Yokosuka.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1904
|{{flagcountry|Empire of Japan|naval}}
|{{ship|Japanese cruiser|Takasago||2}} – a 2nd class protected cruiser of the Imperial Japanese Navy that struck a mine and sank off Port Arthur on 13 December, with the loss of 273 officers and crew.
|273
|
|[[File:Japanese cruiser Takasago.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1904
|{{flagcountry|Empire of Japan|naval}}
| {{ship|Japanese battleship|Yashima||2}} – A Japanese battleship that hit a mine on 15 May and sunk while being towed with nearly 200 of its crew.
|200
|
|[[File:Japanese battleship Yashima.jpg|border|125px]]
|}
=== World War I ===
* See [[List of maritime disasters in World War I]]
=== Spanish Civil War ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="display: inline-table"
|-
! data-sort-type="number"|Year
! width="115px"|Country
! class="unsortable"|Description
! data-sort-type="number"|Deaths
! Use
! class="unsortable"|Image
|-
|1939
|{{flagcountry|Spain|1938}}
|{{SS|Castillo de Olite||2}} – On 7 March, near Cartagena Harbor while approaching the docks, it was hit by three 381mm rounds from a coastal battery and sank soon afterwards broken in two. Of the 2,112 men on board, 1,476 died, 342 were wounded and 294 were taken prisoner after being rescued by local fishermen and the lighthouse keeper.
|1,476
|Naval
|<!-- [[WP:NFCC]] violation: [[File:SS-Olite.jpg|border|125px]] -->
|-
|1938
|{{flagcountry|Spain|1938}}
|''{{ship|Spanish cruiser|Baleares||2}}'' – sunk by the {{ship|Spanish destroyer|Lepanto||2}} on 6 March. 765 seamen died.
|765
|Naval
|[[File:Cruceiro Baleares MuseoNavalFerrol.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1936
|{{flagcountry|Spain|1931}}
|''{{ship|Spanish destroyer|Almirante Ferrándiz|1928|2}}'' – sunk by ''{{ship|Spanish cruiser|Canarias||2}}'' on 29 September; 130 killed.
|130
|Naval
|[[File:Destructor Almirante Ferrándiz (AF).jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1936
|{{flagcountry|Spain|1931}}
|Submarine ''{{ship|Spanish submarine|C-5||2}}'' – disappeared on 31 December near [[Bilbao]]; 40 disappeared.
|40
|Naval
|
|-
|1936
|{{flagcountry|Spain|1931}}
|Submarine ''{{ship|Spanish submarine|C-3||2}}'' – sunk by ''{{ship|German submarine|U-34|1936}}'' on 12 December; 38 killed.
|38
|Naval
|[[File:Submarine C3 and Kanguro, Cartagena.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1936
|{{flagcountry|Spain|1931}}
|Submarine ''{{ship|Spanish submarine|B-5||2}}'' – disappeared on 15 April near [[Malaga]]; 34 disappeared.
|34
|Naval
|
|-
|1937
|{{flagcountry|Nazi Germany|naval}}
|{{ship|German cruiser|Deutschland||2}}, misidentified as the ''[[Spanish cruiser Canarias|Canarias]]'' – hit by bombs from Republican aircraft in the [[Deutschland incident (1937)|''Deutschland'' incident]]; 31 killed. Not sunk.
|31
|Naval
|[[File:German cruiser Deutschland in 1935.jpg|border|125px]]
|}
=== World War II ===
* See [[List of maritime disasters in World War II]]
There are at least eight maritime disasters during WWII, each of which has a greater death toll than any other maritime disaster.
=== Second Chinese Civil War ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="display: inline-table"
|-
! data-sort-type="number"|Year
! width="115px"|Country
! class="unsortable"|Description
! data-sort-type="number"|Deaths
! Use
! class="unsortable"|Image
|-
|1948
|{{flagdeco|Republic of China|civil}} [[Republic of China (1912–49)|China]]
|{{SS|Kiangya||2}} – On December 4, 1948, the passenger [[steamship]], packed beyond its capacity limit of 1,186 with refugees fleeing the [[People's Liberation Army]], blew up and sank in the mouth of the [[Huangpu River]] {{convert|50|mi|km|abbr=on}} south of [[Shanghai]]. The suspected cause of the explosion was a [[naval mine|mine]] left behind by the [[Imperial Japanese Navy]] in World War II. The exact death toll is unknown, however, it is thought that between 2,750 and 3,920 died with 700–1,000 survivors being picked up by other vessels.<ref>{{Cite web |title=This Day in History: China's Deadliest Maritime Disaster |url=https://www.thatsmags.com/china/post/8008/history-of-the-hai-sinking-of-the-ss-kiangya-chinas-deadliest-maritime-disaster}}</ref>
|2,750–3,920
|Naval
|[[File:Sunk of SS Kiangya.jpg|border|125px]]
|-
|1949
|{{flagdeco|Republic of China|civil}} [[Republic of China (1912–49)|China]]
|[[Taiping (steamer)|''Taiping'']] – On 27 January the [[steamboat|steamer]] sank after a collision with another vessel en route to [[Taiwan]] resulting in the deaths of more than 1,500 passengers and crew combined. The ship was packed to nearly twice its rated capacity with more than 1,000 refugees fleeing Communism after the [[Chinese Civil War]] traveling from [[Shanghai]] to [[Keelung]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2008/01/28/2003399179/1 |title=''Taiping'' sinking recalled |first=Loa |last=Iok-sin |date=28 January 2008 |accessdate=20 May 2012 |work=[[Taipei Times]]}}</ref>
|1,500+
|Naval
|[[File:The memory bud of Taiping steamer in Keelung.jpg|125px]]
|}
=== Six-Day War ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="display: inline-table"
|-
! data-sort-type="number"|Year
! width="115px"|Country
! class="unsortable"|Description
! data-sort-type="number"|Deaths
! Use
! class="unsortable"|Image
|-
|1967
|{{navy|United States}}
|{{ship|USS|Liberty|AGTR-5|6}} – On 8 June, the technical research ship was attacked by [[Israeli Air Force]] fighter jets and [[Israeli Navy]] motor torpedo boats while in international waters in the Mediterranean. Israel apologized for the attack, saying that the USS Liberty had been attacked in error after being mistaken for an Egyptian ship. The combined air and sea attack killed 34 crew members, wounded 171 crew members and severely damaged the ship which was subsequently scrapped.
|34
|Naval
|[[File:H97478t.jpg|120px]]
|}
=== Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="display: inline-table"
|-
! data-sort-type="number"|Year
! width="115px"|Country
! class="unsortable"|Description
! data-sort-type="number"|Deaths
! Use
! class="unsortable"|Image
|-
|1971
|{{navy|Pakistan}}
|{{ship|PNS|Ghazi}} – On 3 December the submarine was destroyed by Indian Navy, killing 92 Pakistan navy personnel.
|92
|Naval
|[[File:Ussdiablo.jpg|125px]]
|-
|1971
|{{navy|Pakistan}}
|{{ship|PNS|Muhafiz}}, {{ship|PNS|Khaibar|1956|6}}, {{ship|PNS|Shah Jahan|DD-962|6}} – On 4 and 5 December, Pakistani minesweeper {{ship|PNS|Muhafiz}}, destroyer {{ship|PNS|Khaibar|1956|6}}, transport MV Venus Challenger and destroyer {{ship|PNS|Shah Jahan|DD-962|6}} were destroyed by three Indian Vidyut class missile boats, {{ship|INS|Nipat|K86}}, {{ship|INS|Nirghat|K89}} and {{ship|INS|Veer|K82}} escorted by two anti-submarine Arnala class corvettes, {{ship|INS|Kiltan|P79}} and {{ship|INS|Katchall|P81}} in [[Operation Trident (1971)|Operation Trident]] killing more than 300 Pakistani sailors.
|300+
|Naval
|[[File:HMS Charity (R29).jpg|125px]]
|-
|1971
|{{navy|India}}
|{{INS|Khukri|F149|6}} – On 9 December the Indian frigate was torpedoed and sunk by the Pakistani submarine {{ship|PNS|Hangor|S131}}, killing 194 people. This was the first sinking by a submarine since World War II.
|194
|Naval
|[[File:INS Khukri (F149).jpg|125px]]
|}
=== Falklands War ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="display: inline-table"
|-
! data-sort-type="number"|Year
! width="115px"|Country
! class="unsortable"|Description
! data-sort-type="number"|Deaths
! Use
! class="unsortable"|Image
|-
|1982
|{{nowrap|{{flagcountry|Argentina|size=23px}}}}
|{{ship|ARA|General Belgrano}} – On 2 May the Argentinian light cruiser was torpedoed and sunk by British submarine {{HMS|Conqueror|S48|6}}, killing 323 people. This was the first time a warship had been sunk by a nuclear-powered submarine.
|323
|Naval
|[[File:ARA General Belgrano underway.jpg|125px]]
|-
|1982
|{{flagcountry|United Kingdom|civil}}
|[[HMS Sheffield (D80)|HMS ''Sheffield'']] - Struck and badly damaged by an [[Exocet]] air-launched [[anti-ship missile]] from an Argentine [[Dassault-Breguet Super Étendard|Super Étendard]] aircraft on 4 May and foundered while being towed on 10 May.
|20
|Naval
|[[File:HMS Sheffield (D80).jpg|125px]]
|-
|1982
|{{flagcountry|United Kingdom|civil}}
|[[HMS Coventry (D118)|HMS ''Coventry'']] - Sunk by [[Argentine Air Force]] [[A-4 Skyhawk]]s on 25 May.
|19
|Naval
|[[File:HMS Coventry (D118) underway in the Atlantic Ocean, circa in 1981 (6417242).jpg|125px]]
|-
|1982
|{{flagcountry|United Kingdom|civil}}
|[[RFA Sir Galahad (1966)|RFA ''Sir Galahad'']] - Struck by Argentine A-4 Skyhawks on 8 June. On 21 June, the hulk was towed out to sea by the tug [[RMAS Typhoon (A95)|''Typhoon'']] and sunk by {{HMS|Onyx|S21|6}} using torpedoes.
|48
|Naval
|[[File:RFA Sir Galahad.jpg|125px]]
|}
=== Iran-Iraq War ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="display: inline-table"
|-
! data-sort-type="number"|Year
! width="115px"|Country
! class="unsortable"|Description
! data-sort-type="number"|Deaths
! Use
! class="unsortable"|Image
|-
|1987
|{{navy|United States}}
|{{USS|Stark|FFG-31|6}} – On 17 May, the frigate was struck by two [[Exocet]] missiles from an [[Iraqi Air Force]] fighter jet while on patrol in the [[Persian Gulf]] during the [[Tanker War]] but managed to return to port in [[Bahrain]]. Iraq initially claimed that the ship had entered its waters but subsequently apologized<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/1987/may/19/iraq.davidhirst |title=US navy ordered to hit back after Exocet kills 28|first1=Alex|last1=Brummer |first2=David|last2=Hirst |date=19 May 1987|access-date=19 September 2016|newspaper=The Guardian}}</ref> for the incident saying that the ship was mistaken for an Iranian oil tanker. Due to geopolitical interests at the time, the then administration of President [[Ronald Reagan]] chose to hold [[Iran]] responsible.
|37
|Naval
|[[File:USS Stark.jpg{{!}}border|125px]]
|-
|1983
|{{Flag|Iran|1964}}
|Damaged and partially sunk by an Iraqi missile at [[Bushehr]] [[port]]
|0
|Ship
|[[SS Raffaello]]
|}
===Vietnam War===
In 1967, during the vietnam war, the USS Forrestal was floating on the water not too far from the Vietnamese coast. A Zuni rocket from one aircraft flew from into the fuel tank of another aircraft, starting a big fire. Within minutes, the fire became bigger and damaged other planes. More than a hundred men and women lost their lives. This was known as the [[1967 USS Forrestal fire]].<ref>https://sma.nasa.gov/docs/default-source/safety-messages/safetymessage-2007-12-01-explosionsaboardussforrestal.pdf?sfvrsn=9fa91ef8_4</ref><ref>https://www.usni.org/magazines/naval-history-magazine/2022/august/dissecting-carrier-disaster</ref>
==See also==
* [[List of maritime disasters]]
* [[List of maritime disasters in the 18th century]]
* [[List of maritime disasters in the 19th century]]
* [[List of maritime disasters in World War I]]
* [[List of maritime disasters in World War II]]
* [[List of maritime disasters in the 21st century]]
* [[Shipwreck]]
* [[Lists of shipwrecks]]
* [[List of disasters]]
* [[List of accidents and disasters by death toll#Maritime|List of accidents and disasters by death toll]]
* [[List by death toll of ships sunk by submarines]]
* [[List of RORO vessel accidents]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
* [http://www.wrecksite.eu/ WRECKSITE] Worldwide free database of + 65.000 ships wrecked with history, maritime charts and GPS positions
* [http://www.titanicfacts.net/ Titanic Facts] The life and loss of the RMS Titanic, in numbers
* [http://members.iinet.com.au/~gduncan/maritime-1.html G. Duncan. Maritime disasters of World War 2]
* [http://mapreport.com/subtopics/d/n.html World sea disasters timeline, 21st century]
* [https://www.oilboilersfactory.com/ ''Notable peacetime passenger ship disasters'']{{dead link|date=November 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}
{{Disasters}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Maritime Disasters}}
[[Category:20th century-related lists]]
[[Category:Lists of shipwrecks]]
[[Category:Lists of maritime disasters|20th century]]' |
