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'{{Short description|Class of electric multiple units in Singapore}} {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}} {{Infobox train | background = | name = {{SMRT Rolling Stock Infobox Colour | enname = Siemens AG (SIE) C651 | line = North South | line2 = East West }} | image = Siemens C651.jpg | imagesize = | caption = A Siemens C651 train | interiorimage = Siemens C651 2231.jpg | interiorcaption = Interior of a Siemens C651 train | service = {{start date and age|df=yes|1995|05|02}} – Present | manufacturer = [[Siemens Mobility]], [[Simmering-Graz-Pauker|SGP Verkehrstechnik]]<ref name=sie>{{cite magazine |title=New MRT Train Rolls Out in Vienna |magazine=Trackview |location=Singapore |publisher=MRTC |date=1994|quote=On 19 July 1994...the first MRT train rolled out of the SGP plant in Vienna}}</ref> | assembly = [[Vienna]], [[Austria]]<ref name=sie /> | family = | replaced = | successor = [[Alstom Movia R151]] | yearconstruction = 1993 – 1994 | refurbishment = 2016 – 2018 Singapore Rail Engineering (SRE) (cancelled) | yearservice = 2 May 1995 | yearscrapped = <!-- Any addition to this field must be accompanied by a source from either SMRT, LTA or news media, and only one of those three. If not, please refrain from adding it. --> | numberbuilt = 114 Vehicles (19 Sets) | numberservice = 18 Vehicles (3 Sets) | numberpreserved = 4 Vehicles <!-- Any addition to this field must be accompanied by a source from either SMRT, LTA or news media, and only one of those three. If not, please refrain from adding it. --> | numberscrapped = <!-- Any addition to this field must be accompanied by a source from either SMRT, LTA or news media, and only one of those three. If not, please refrain from adding it. --> | formation = 6 per trainset<br />DT–M1–M2+M2–M1–DT | fleetnumbers = 201/202 – 237/238 | capacity = 1920 passengers (372/336 seats) | operator = [[SMRT Trains]] ([[SMRT Corporation]]) | depots = {{plainlist| * [[Bishan Depot|Bishan]] * [[Ulu Pandan Depot|Ulu Pandan]] * [[Tuas Depot|Tuas]] * [[Changi Depot|Changi]] }} | lines = {{plainlist| * {{rint|sg|ns}} [[North–South MRT line|North–South Line]] * {{rint|sg|ew}} [[East–West MRT line|East–West Line]] }} | carbody = Aluminium-alloy double-skinned construction | trainlength = {{convert|138.5|m|ftin|frac=8|abbr=on}} | carlength = {{plainlist| * {{convert|23.65|m|ftin|abbr=on}} (DT) * {{convert|22.8|m|ftin|abbr=on}} (M) }} | width = {{convert|3.2|m|ftin|frac=8|abbr=on}} | height = {{convert|3.7|m|ftin|frac=8|abbr=on}} | floorheight = | platformheight = | entrylevelorstep = | doors = {{convert|1450|mm|in|frac=8|abbr=on}}, 8 per car, 4 per side | wheeldiameter = {{convert|850|–|775|mm|in|abbr=on}} (new–worn)<ref name="bogie" /> | wheelbase = {{convert|2500|mm|abbr=on}}<ref name="bogie" /> | maxspeed = {{plainlist| * {{convert|90|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} (design) * {{convert|80|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} (service) }} | weight = {{plainlist| * {{convert|35|t|abbr=on}} ([[Tare weight|unladen]]) * {{convert|53.8|t|abbr=on}} (laden) }} | axleload = {{convert|16|t|abbr=on}}<ref name="bogie" /> | traction = Siemens [[Pulse-width modulation|PWM]] [[Gate turn-off thyristor|GTO]]–[[Variable-frequency drive|VVVF]] | traction motors = 16 × Siemens {{convert|140|kW|abbr=on}} 3-phase AC induction motor w/ enclosed-ventilated lateral drive | poweroutput = {{convert|2.24|MW|abbr=on}} | transmission = 5.94 : 1 (107 / 18) gear ratio | acceleration = {{convert|1|m/s2|abbr=on}} | deceleration = | aux = 110 V DC | powersupply = | gauge = {{Track gauge|sg|allk=on}} | electricsystem = {{750 V DC|conductor=y}} | collectionmethod = [[Current collector#Contact shoe|Collector shoe]] | bogies = [[Duewag]] SF 2100<ref name="bogie">{{Cite web|url=https://www.mobility.siemens.com/mobility/global/SiteCollectionDocuments/en/rail-solutions/components-and-systems/bogies-catalog-en.pdf|title=First Class Bogies|website=[[Siemens Mobility|Siemens]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190722230416/https://www.mobility.siemens.com/mobility/global/SiteCollectionDocuments/en/rail-solutions/components-and-systems/bogies-catalog-en.pdf|archive-date=2019-07-22}}</ref> | brakes = {{plainlist| * 1st service brake: Self-excited, mixed service and [[Dynamic braking|resistor brake]] * 2nd service brake: Pneumatic compressed air wheel tyre block brake * Parking brake: Compressed air pressure spring-loaded brake }} | safety = {{plainlist| * Original: [[Westinghouse Brake and Signal Company]] FS2000 ATP fixed block [[Automatic train control|ATC]] under [[Automatic train operation|ATO]] GoA 2 (STO), with subsystems of [[Automatic train protection|ATP]] and ATS<ref name="Westinghouse FS2K">{{Cite web|last=Woodland|first=Daniel|date=August 2004|title=Optimisation of Automatic Train Protection Systemstion Systems|url=http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14543/1/531116.pdf|page=Appendix C Page 32 to Page 33|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200615155037/http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14543/1/531116.pdf|archive-date=15 June 2020|access-date=15 June 2020}}</ref> * Current: [[Thales Rail Signalling Solutions|Thales]] SelTrac® moving block [[Communications-based train control|CBTC]] [[Automatic train control|ATC]] under [[Automatic train operation|ATO]] GoA 3 (DTO), with subsystems of [[Automatic train protection|ATP]], NetTrac ATS and [[Computer-based interlocking|CBI]]<ref name="thales seltrac SG Brochure">{{Cite web|title=THALES Urban Rail Signalling Singapore – North-South / East-West Lines|url=http://tda-armements.com/sites/default/files/asset/document/seltracr_in_singapore.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200615163959/http://tda-armements.com/sites/default/files/asset/document/seltracr_in_singapore.pdf|archive-date=15 June 2020|access-date=16 June 2020}}</ref><ref name="thales">{{cite news|last1=Fang|first1=Joy|title=Coming: $600m upgrade for MRT system/New train measures a 'catch-up'|url=https://www.asiaone.com/News/Latest+News/Singapore/Story/A1Story20120202-325320.html|access-date=13 May 2015|work=[[My Paper]]|pages=A2, A6|date=2 February 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518142523/http://news.asiaone.com/News/Latest+News/Singapore/Story/A1Story20120202-325320.html|archive-date=18 May 2015}}</ref> }} | coupling = [[Scharfenberg coupler]] | uicclass = 2′2′+Bo′Bo′+Bo′Bo′+Bo′Bo′+Bo′Bo′+2′2′ }} The '''Siemens C651''' is the second generation [[electric multiple unit]] rolling stock in operation on the [[North–South MRT line|North–South]] and [[East–West MRT line|East–West]] lines of [[Singapore]]'s [[Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore)|Mass Rapid Transit]] (MRT) system, manufactured by [[Siemens Mobility]] (SIE) and [[Simmering-Graz-Pauker|SGP Verkehrstechnik]] in [[Vienna]], [[Austria]] under Contract 651. A total of 114 cars consisting of 19 train-sets were purchased in 1992 and introduced into service from 1995 onwards. ==Design== === Initial design === The trains have a full [[white]] body and a thick [[red]] stripe in the middle. Similar to the [[Kawasaki Heavy Industries C151]] trains, the Siemens C651 trains have no visual passenger information systems but have a built-in audio announcement system until [[SMRT Active Route Map Information System|STARiS]] was installed and activated around 2010. Unlike the 66 first generation [[Kawasaki Heavy Industries C151]] trainsets, the C651s are delivered with a scratch-resistant acrylic finish. This alleviated the difficulty of removing dirt trapped on the exterior surface, as opposed to the aluminium finish of the C151 trains that were delivered unpainted. The train run number at the front and rear of the train was delivered by a low-power consumption electronic green flip-dot display. The C651 trains were originally delivered with a GTO-VVVF propulsion system that was supplied by Siemens. Other original features included specifically designed air-conditioning vents that eliminate dripping from the cooling system to the train compartments, as well as an event recorder, which records important train functions, such as braking and emergency operations to assist troubleshooting in an event of a failure. The C651 was also the basis for the [[Taipei Metro C321]] and [[Taipei Metro C341]] built from 1998 to 1999 and 2003 respectively for the [[Taipei Metro]] [[Bannan Line]], as well as [[Siemens Modular Metro (Kaohsiung)|those used on Kaohsiung Metro]]. ==Operational history== {{more sources needed section|date=December 2023}} === Tendering process === The design and supply of the C651 trains were tendered in December 1992 to complement the 66 first generation [[Kawasaki Heavy Industries C151|C151]] trains with the opening of the Woodlands extension, at a cost of $259 million. These trains began revenue service from 2 May 1995, with the first train set delivered to the [[SMRT Corporation|Mass Rapid Transit Corporation]] (MRTC) of Singapore on 20 September 1994. === Experimental programmes === A number of experimental programmes have been run on the C651 cars. In the 2000s, the third and fourth cars, coloured in green had all but eight seats, four at each end of the car, removed completely. In its place was standing room with upholstered cushion, in an attempt to provide a degree of comfort to passengers standing in that space. This design proved to be unpopular with the commuters, and it was eventually dropped. The original seats between the 1st and 2nd door and the 3rd and 4th door on these cars have been replaced. The remaining upholstered seats were reverted to original seats in May 2006. All C151 trains have had their seats on the middle part of carriage removed. Some trainsets were reconfigured to have more standing space in the late 1990s as part of an experimental programme. In particular, the second and fifth cars (the blue cars) were reconfigured to have more standing room on both sides of a seat row, as 3 seats from some later cars. More grab poles were also added to some cars. Regular grab poles in the centre of each car were replaced by grab poles that branch out into three in the centre, first in 2007, followed by triplicated hand grips and grab poles in 2014. Special non-slip floorings were also tested. <gallery> File:C651-Standing.jpg|Upholstered cushions, part of an experimental program. They have since been replaced by original seats. File:237-238 floor.JPG|Modified flooring of some cars of C651 Set 237/238 File:C651-interior-frontmotor.JPG|The interior of a Siemens C651 car. Modified grab poles and standing spaces, part of an experimental program, can be seen. </gallery> ===Refurbishment and retirement=== In 2015, refurbishment contracts for the 19 C651 train sets were awarded to Singapore Rail Engineering (SRE).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://blog.smrt.com.sg/smrt-upgrades-old-trains/|title=SMRT Upgrades Older Trains on the North-South and East-West Lines – SMRT Blog|website=blog.smrt.com.sg|language=en-GB|access-date=2018-07-29|archive-date=19 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180719054510/http://blog.smrt.com.sg/smrt-upgrades-old-trains/|url-status=live}}</ref> When completed, these upgrades would have addressed components such as doors and brakes that have been the primary cause of delays owing to train faults. The changes planned included re-signalling, refurbishing the propulsion system, air-conditioning system, auxiliary power system, interior saloon with modifying handrails, replacement of the gangway connections and improving the exterior of the trains. Upgraded trains would also have had sensors that carry vital information on the train's state of health for improved operation and maintenance of the train set.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.straitstimes.com/breaking-news/singapore/story/older-smrt-trains-get-makeover-better-ride-20130515 | title=Older SMRT trains to get makeover for better ride | work=The Straits Times | date=2013-05-15 | access-date=15 May 2013 | archive-date=24 September 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140924062014/http://www.straitstimes.com/breaking-news/singapore/story/older-smrt-trains-get-makeover-better-ride-20130515 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.smrt.com.sg/DoingBusiness/SingaporeRailEngineering/LocalProjects.aspx |title=Local Projects |access-date=2014-09-25 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006164033/http://www.smrt.com.sg/DoingBusiness/SingaporeRailEngineering/LocalProjects.aspx |archive-date=6 October 2014}} Siemens Trains Mid-Life Upgrading Project</ref> Refurbishment works began in January 2016, starting with train set 217/218. The refurbished trains would also have included STARIS version 2.0, which consists of dynamic route map displays.<ref>{{cite web|title=SMRT engineering subsidiary eyes international expansion|url=https://www.smrt.com.sg/Portals/0/Websparks_Article_Articles/IRJ_July_2016%20DOC%201.pdf|website=smrt.com.sg|publisher=SMRT Co. Ltd.|access-date=17 July 2016|archive-date=22 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160822044132/https://www.smrt.com.sg/Portals/0/Websparks_Article_Articles/IRJ_July_2016%20DOC%201.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://smrt.com.sg/Portals/0/PDFs/Your%20Journey%20Matters/Your%20Journey%20Matters%20-%20Edition%202%20-%202016.pdf?timestamp=1473902289978|title=Your Journey Matters - Edition 2 (August 2016)|date=26 August 2016|website=Your Journey Matters_SMRT|publisher=SMRT Corp Ltd|access-date=4 October 2016|archive-date=5 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161005173217/http://smrt.com.sg/Portals/0/PDFs/Your%20Journey%20Matters/Your%20Journey%20Matters%20-%20Edition%202%20-%202016.pdf?timestamp=1473902289978|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://image.ibb.co/bLAUcH/29197320_1754190811306798_7049397545969123328_o.jpg|title=Image of Siemens C651 227/228 refurbished in Bishan Depot.|website=Imgur|access-date=8 April 2018|archive-date=8 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408143138/https://image.ibb.co/bLAUcH/29197320_1754190811306798_7049397545969123328_o.jpg|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.smrt.com.sg/Portals/0/PDFs/Trains%20Operations%20Review%202018%20(1).pdf?ver=2018-07-02-105458-593|title=Trains Operations Review 2018|date=2 July 2018|website=smrt.com.sg|access-date=29 July 2018|archive-date=29 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180729111735/https://www.smrt.com.sg/Portals/0/PDFs/Trains%20Operations%20Review%202018%20(1).pdf?ver=2018-07-02-105458-593|url-status=live}}</ref> However, in September 2018, SMRT announced that refurbishment works were abruptly terminated for the C651 mid-life upgrading project. At the time of project termination, refurbishment works were conducted on three prototype trainsets and testing works had not been fully completed.<ref name="cancel_zaobao">{{Cite web|url=https://www.zaobao.com.sg/news/singapore/story20180916-891508|title=SMRT决定停止第二代地铁列车中期翻新工程|date=2018-09-16|website=早报|language=zh|trans-title=SMRT terminates mid-life refurbishment of 2nd-generation MRT trains|access-date=2019-10-24|archive-date=20 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420113650/https://www.zaobao.com.sg/news/singapore/story20180916-891508|url-status=live}}</ref> In December 2019, Toyotron was awarded the contract for disposal of old SMRT trains. On 6 September 2020, the first C651 train, set 203/204 was decommissioned and scrapped. Later that month, on 28 September, the LTA announced that these trains will be replaced by [[Alstom Movia R151|R151]] from [[Bombardier Transportation]] (now [[Alstom]]) to progressively replace the 19 C651 trainsets from 2025 onwards.<ref>{{cite web|title=LTA Buys 40 New Trains for the North-South and East-West Lines|url=https://www.lta.gov.sg/content/ltagov/en/newsroom/2020/9/news-releases/LTA_buys_40_new_trains.html|website=lta.gov.sg|access-date=22 October 2021|archive-date=22 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022072148/https://www.lta.gov.sg/content/ltagov/en/newsroom/2020/9/news-releases/LTA_buys_40_new_trains.html|url-status=live}}</ref> By May 2021, all refurbished C651 trains were scrapped without re-entering revenue service. Currently, as of 18 May 2024, 15 of them are scrapped and only 4 trains remain in service, with all trains to be decommissioned by the end of December 2024. <!-- 4 cars from one of the C651 trainsets has been sent to Singapore Police Force for training purposes. --> In July 2024, it was revealed that parts from a decommissioned C651 trainset 215/216 such as train doors, seats and map displays are being preserved at the National Museum.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Doors, seats and map displays from 1990s MRT train to be preserved by National Museum |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/mrt-train-preservation-national-heritage-board-museum-4504246 |access-date=2024-07-28 |website=CNA |language=en}}</ref> These are the trains that are preserved: {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Trainset!!Car number(s)!! class="unsortable" |Notes |- |229/230||3229, 1229, 1230, 3230|| style="background:#ffb;" |Donated to [[Singapore Police Force]] for training purposes in August 2021{{citation needed|date=December 2023}}. Only cars 2229 and 2230 sent for scrap in August 2021. |} '''Incidents''' '''C651 Door Dislodged''' 15 December 1997 (4:15pm) - A C651 train was doing some modifications at Bishan Depot by Siemens before being deployed for the evening peak period. During this modification works one of the doors wasn’t properly reinstalled, which resulted in that door getting dislodged while the train was approaching City Hall and at the same time smashing one of the PSD. Siemens was held liable in this incident.<ref>https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19971218-1.2.62.6?qt=smrt,%20door&q=SMRT%20Door%20 {{Bare URL inline|date=August 2024}}</ref> '''Ang Mo Kio Siding Derailment''' 13 April 1999 (10:00{{nbsp}}am) – An off service C651 train (227/228) was on its way back to [[Bishan Depot]] after the morning peak service derailed between the [[Yio Chu Kang MRT station|Yio Chu Kang]] and [[Ang Mo Kio MRT station|Ang Mo Kio]]. The derailment occurred because the station master had failed to reset the track alignment properly. Disruption to train services lasted about 7 hours.<ref>https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/newpaper19990414-1.2.13.2?qt=smrt,%20derail&q=SMRT%20Derail {{Bare URL inline|date=August 2024}}</ref> ==Train formation== The configuration of a C651 in revenue service is DT–M1–M2+M2–M1–DT. {|width=400px style="border:1px solid #ccf; text-align:center" |- ! colspan="8" bgcolor="#c0c0f0" |Cars of C651 |- !bgcolor="#c0c0f0" rowspan=2|<small>Car Type</small> !bgcolor="#c0c0f0" rowspan=2|<small>[[Control car (rail)|Driver Cab]]</small> !bgcolor="#c0c0f0" rowspan=2|<small>[[traction motor|Motor]]</small> !bgcolor="#c0c0f0" rowspan=2|<small>[[Third rail|Collector Shoe]]</small> !bgcolor="#c0c0f0" colspan=2|<small>Car Length</small> !bgcolor="#c0c0f0" rowspan=2|<small>Wheelchair Space</small> |- !bgcolor="#c0c0f0"|mm !bgcolor="#c0c0f0"|ft in |- |style=text-align:left|'''DT'''||<span style="color:#F20A0A;">✓</span>||<span style="color:#BBBBBB;">✗</span>||<span style="color:#F20A0A;">✓</span> |{{convert|23650|mm|ftin|1|disp=table}}||<span style="color:#BBBBBB;">✗</span> |- |style=text-align:left|'''M1'''||<span style="color:#BBBBBB;">✗</span>||<span style="color:#F20A0A;">✓</span>||<span style="color:#F20A0A;">✓</span> |{{convert|22800|mm|ftin|1|disp=table}}||<span style="color:#BBBBBB;">✗</span> |- |style=text-align:left|'''M2'''||<span style="color:#BBBBBB;">✗</span>||<span style="color:#F20A0A;">✓</span>||<span style="color:#F20A0A;">✓</span> |{{convert|22800|mm|ftin|1|disp=table}}||<span style="color:#F20A0A;">✓</span> |- |} The car numbers of the trains range from x201 to x238, where x depends on the carriage type. Individual cars are assigned a 4 digit serial number. A complete six-car trainset consists of an identical twin set of one [[driving trailer]] (DT) and two motor (M) cars permanently coupled together. For example, set 201/202 consists of carriages 3201, 1201, 2201, 2202, 1202 and 3202. * The first digit identifies the car number, where the first car has a 3, the second has a 1 & the third has a 2. * The second digit is always a 2, part of the identification numbers * The third digit and fourth digit are the train identification numbers. A full-length train of 6 cars has 2 different identification numbers. For example 201/202 (normal coupling) or 201/203 (cross-coupling). ** [[Siemens]] built sets 201 – 238. ==References== {{reflist}} ==External links== {{Commons category|Siemens C651}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120406190700/http://www.mobility.siemens.com/apps/references/index.cfm?do=app.detail&lID=1&referenceID=469&z=1 Manufacturer's Information for C651, Siemens AG] {{Rail transport in Singapore}} [[Category:Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore) rolling stock]] [[Category:Siemens multiple units]] [[Category:Train-related introductions in 1995]] [[Category:750 V DC multiple units]]'