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{{About||the Nicki Minaj song|Massive Attack (song)}}
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{{Use British English|date=February 2018}}
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{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Massive Attack
| image = Massive Attack, Saint-Petersburg, 2010-09-26 (cropped).jpg
| caption = [[Robert Del Naja|3D]] and [[Daddy G]] in [[Saint Petersburg]], 2010
| alt = The band onstage
| landscape = yes
| background = group_or_band
| alias = Massive{{efn|The group was temporarily known simply as "Massive" in 1991 (for the release of "[[Unfinished Sympathy]]" and some editions of ''[[Blue Lines]]'') due to the [[Gulf War]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Cool Appeal of Massive Attack|work=[[BBC News]] Entertainment|date=27 February 2003|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/2804975.stm|access-date=25 March 2019}}</ref>}}
| origin = [[Bristol]], England
| years_active = 1988–present
| genre = <!-- Do not add unsourced genres -->{{hlist|[[Trip hop]]|[[Electronic music|electronic]]}}
| label = {{hlist|Wild Bunch|Circa|[[Virgin Records|Virgin]]}}
| website = [http://www.massiveattack.co.uk/ massiveattack.co.uk]
| spinoff_of = [[The Wild Bunch (sound system)|The Wild Bunch]]
| current_members = {{plainlist|
* [[Robert Del Naja|Robert "3D" Del Naja]]
* [[Tricky (musician)|Adrian "Tricky" Thaws]]
* [[Daddy G|Grant "Daddy G" Marshall]]}}
| past_members = {{plainlist|
* [[Andrew Vowles|Andrew "Mushroom" Vowles]]
* [[Neil Davidge]]
* [[Horace Andy]]
* [[Stephanie Dosen]]
* [[Tracey Thorn]]
* [[Shara Nelson]]
}}
}}
'''Massive Attack''' are<!-- This article uses British English, which uses the plural form of grammar whilst referring to rock bands. Please see WP:ENGVAR for more information. --> an English [[trip hop]] collective formed in 1988 in [[Bristol]] by [[Robert Del Naja|Robert "3D" Del Naja]], [[Tricky (musician)|Adrian "Tricky" Thaws]], [[Andrew Vowles|Andrew "Mushroom" Vowles]] and [[Daddy G|Grant "Daddy G" Marshall]]. The group currently consists of Del Naja, Thaws, and Marshall.
The debut Massive Attack album, ''[[Blue Lines]]'', was released in 1991. The single "[[Unfinished Sympathy]]" was a chart hit in Europe, including number one on the [[Dutch Top 40]], and was later voted the 63rd-greatest song of all time in a poll by ''[[NME]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nme.com/photos/the-500-greatest-songs-of-all-time-100-1/330996/37/1|title= The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time: 63. Massive Attack – 'Unfinished Sympathy' (1991, Virgin)|work=NME|access-date=17 September 2014}}</ref> Their 1994 sophomore album [[Protection (Massive Attack album)|''Protection'']] debuted at number four in the UK.
The band reached number one on the [[UK Albums Chart]] with 1998's ''[[Mezzanine (album)|Mezzanine]]'' and 2003's ''[[100th Window]].'' The former contains "[[Teardrop (song)|Teardrop]]", a top 10 single in the UK which earned further recognition as the opening theme to the American television series [[House (TV series)|''House'']].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Melchior |first=Al |date=2024-06-13 |title=The Story Behind "Teardrop" by Massive Attack and How It's Connected to a Pair of Music Legends and a Popular TV Show |url=https://americansongwriter.com/the-story-behind-teardrop-by-massive-attack-and-how-its-connected-to-music-legends-and-a-popular-tv-show/ |access-date=2024-08-31 |website=American Songwriter |language=en-US}}</ref> Both ''Blue Lines'' and ''Mezzanine'' feature in ''[[Rolling Stone]]''{{'}}s list of the [[Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time|500 Greatest Albums of All Time]].<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/500-greatest-albums-of-all-time-20120531/massive-attack-blue-lines-19691231 |title=500 Greatest Albums of All Time: Blue Lines – Massive Attack |magazine=Rolling Stone |access-date=17 September 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120718091303/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/500-greatest-albums-of-all-time-20120531/massive-attack-blue-lines-19691231 |archive-date=18 July 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rockonthenet.com/archive/2003/rs500albums5.htm|title=500 Greatest Albums of All Time: Mezzanine – Massive Attack |website= Rockonthenet.com|access-date=17 September 2014}}</ref>
The group have collaborated with several recurring guest vocalists, including [[Horace Andy]], [[Tracey Thorn]], [[Elizabeth Fraser]], [[Sinéad O'Connor]] and [[Hope Sandoval]].
Massive Attack's awards include a [[Brit Award]] for Best British Dance Act, two [[MTV Europe Music Awards]], and two [[Q Awards]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.brits.co.uk/artist/massive-attack|title=Massive Attack: BRITs Profile|publisher=Brit Awards|access-date=17 September 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141008074914/http://www.brits.co.uk/artist/massive-attack|archive-date=8 October 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.metrolyrics.com/massive-attack-awards-featured.html|title=Awards & Features: Massive Attack|website=Metrolyrics.com|access-date=17 September 2014|archive-date=1 August 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130801120209/http://www.metrolyrics.com/massive-attack-awards-featured.html|url-status=unfit}}</ref> Their five studio albums have sold over 13 million copies worldwide.<ref name="auto">{{Cite book|title=Massive Attack: Out Of The Comfort Zone|first=Melissa|last=Chemam|date=4 March 2019|id={{ASIN|1910089729|country=uk}}}}</ref> Massive Attack are also known for supporting several political, human rights and [[Environmentalism in music|environmental]] causes.
==History==
Deejays Daddy G, Andrew Vowles, musician and rapper Tricky, and [[graffiti]] artist-turned-[[rapping|rapper]] Robert Del Naja met as members of partying collective [[The Wild Bunch (sound system)|the Wild Bunch]]. One of the first homegrown [[Sound system (DJ)|soundsystems]] in the UK, the Wild Bunch became dominant on the Bristol club scene in the mid-1980s.<ref name="auto"/>
Massive Attack started as a spin-off production quartet in 1988, with the [[Independent music|independently]] released song, "Any Love", sung by [[falsetto]]-voiced singer-songwriter [[Carlton (singer)|Carlton McCarthy]], and then they signed to Circa Records<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.allbusiness.com/retail-trade/miscellaneous-retail-retail-stores-not/4629212-1.html |title=Virgin Anniversary Salute: The U.S.: Co-presidents Cooper And Newton Are An Illustrious Pair Who Travel Well And Know Their Places |publisher=Billboard (as found at allbusiness.com) |date=5 September 1998 |access-date=26 May 2009 |last=Henderson |first=Richard |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100827221134/http://www.allbusiness.com/retail-trade/miscellaneous-retail-retail-stores-not/4629212-1.html |archive-date=27 August 2010 }}</ref> in 1990—committing to deliver six studio albums and a "best of" [[compilation album|compilation]]. Circa became a subsidiary of, and was later subsumed into, [[Virgin Records]], which in turn was acquired by [[EMI]].<ref name=allmusicbio>{{Cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/massive-attack-mn0000378288/biography|title=Massive Attack | Biography & History|website=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=7 October 2019}}</ref><ref name=timedigital>{{cite news|url=http://www.time.com/time/digital/cyberelite/39.html |title=Cyber Elite – Massive Attack |publisher=Time Digital |access-date=20 May 2009 |date=5 October 1998 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100327033621/http://www.time.com/time/digital/cyberelite/39.html |archive-date=27 March 2010 }}</ref> ''Blue Lines'' (1991), was co-produced by [[Jonny Dollar]] and [[Cameron McVey]], McVey also became their first manager.<ref name=brandplayson>{{cite news|url=https://www.smh.com.au/articles/2003/02/14/1044927795994.html|title=The brand plays on|newspaper=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]|date=15 February 2003|access-date=20 May 2009}}</ref> McVey (credited at the time as 'Booga Bear') and his wife, [[Neneh Cherry]], provided crucial financial support and in-kind assistance to the early careers of Massive Attack, [[Portishead (band)|Portishead]], and [[Tricky (musician)|Tricky]] during this period, even paying regular wages to them through their Cherry Bear organisation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://67.222.54.247/33//2007/01/interview-with-cameron-booga-bear-mcvey.html|title=Interview with Cameron 'Booga Bear' McVey|publisher=Reseize|date=15 January 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110705234710/http://67.222.54.247/33//2007/01/interview-with-cameron-booga-bear-mcvey.html|archive-date=5 July 2011}}</ref> Massive Attack used guest vocalists, interspersed with their own ''[[sprechgesang]]'' stylings, on top of what became regarded as an essentially British creative sampling production; a trademark sound that fused [[hip hop music|hip hop]], [[soul music|soul]], [[reggae]] and other eclectic references, both musical and lyrical.<ref name=allmusicbio/>
In the 1990s, the members worked increasingly separately. [[Tricky (musician)|Adrian "Tricky" Thaws]] left Massive Attack in 1995 and [[Andrew Vowles]] (Mushroom) left Massive Attack in late 1999. Despite having taken Del Naja's side and participating in a webcast as a duo the following year, Grant Marshall (Daddy G) took a personal break in 2001. Marshall rejoined the band for their following tour in 2003 and 2004,<ref name=lynskey>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2007/feb/06/popandrock.features11|title=Massive Attack talk to Dorian Lynskey|work=The Guardian|date=6 February 2007|access-date=20 May 2009|last=Lynskey|first=Dorian| location=London}}</ref> and returned to a studio role in 2005. Thaws also rejoined Massive Attack in early 2016.
===''Any Love'' beginnings===
Unsigned, Mushroom (Andy Vowles), Daddy G (Grant Marshall), 3D (Robert Del Naja) and Tricky (Adrian Thaws) put out "Any Love" as a single,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eil.com/shop/ExtSearch.asp?DiscArtist=Massive-Attack|title=Massive Attack Discography – Page 1|website=Eil.com|quote=Any Love (Mega rare 1988 UK self released debut 2-track 12" on Massive Attack Records, includes Bonus Version, stickered sleeve MASS001)|access-date=22 May 2009}}</ref> co-produced by Bristol double-act [[Smith & Mighty]].
===''Blue Lines'' and "Unfinished Sympathy"===
{{Main|Blue Lines}}
[[File:Robert Del Naja@Barcelone-crop.jpg|thumb|[[Robert Del Naja]] at Barcelona 2007]]
3D co-wrote Neneh Cherry's "Manchild",<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/music/reviews/vhvr|title=BBC – Music – Review of Neneh Cherry Raw Like Sushi|publisher=BBC|quote=The offbeat, ambient ballad Manchild (co-written with Massive Attack's 3D)|date=9 January 2009|access-date=22 May 2009|last=Taylor|first=Angus}}</ref> which peaked at number 5 in the UK single chart.<ref>{{cite web|title=Neneh Cherry|url=http://www.officialcharts.com/artist/25198/neneh-cherry/|publisher=Official Charts|access-date=13 September 2016}}</ref> Cameron McVey and Neneh Cherry helped them to record their first LP, ''Blue Lines'', partly in their house, and the album was released in 1991 on Virgin Records.<ref name="allmusic-bluelines">{{cite web|url={{AllMusic|class=album|id=r12541|pure_url=yes}}|title=allmusic ((( Blue Lines > Overview )))|website=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=22 May 2009|last=Bush|first=John}}</ref>
The album used vocalists including [[Horace Andy]] and [[Shara Nelson]], a former Wild Bunch cohort.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://humag.co/features/massive-attack|title=Features|website=Humag.co|access-date=25 November 2020}}</ref> MC's Tricky and Willie Wee, also once part of the Wild Bunch, featured, as well as Daddy G's voice on "Five Man Army". Neneh Cherry sang backing vocals on environmentalist anthem, "Hymn of the Big Wheel".<ref name="allmusic-bluelines" />
That year they released "[[Unfinished Sympathy]]" as a single, a string-arranged track at [[Abbey Road Studios|Abbey Road]] studio, scored by [[Will Malone]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nme.com/artists/andrea-parker|title=Andrea Parker|work=NME|quote=Will Malone, who had worked on horror film soundtracks and Massive Attack's classic "Unfinished Sympathy".|access-date=22 May 2009}}</ref> that went on to be voted the 10th greatest song of all time in a poll by ''[[The Guardian]]''.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/1999/nov/08/millennium.uk1|title=How Robbie headed Amadeus in the race to be music's man of the millennium|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|date=8 November 1999|quote=Best song: 10. Unfinished Sympathy – Massive Attack. |access-date=22 May 2009|last=Wells|first=Matt| location=London}}</ref>
The group temporarily shortened their name to "Massive" on the advice of McVey to avoid controversy relating to the [[Gulf War]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/radio2/soldonsong/whatson/unfinishedsympathy.shtml|title=BBC – Radio 2 – Sold on Song – Brits25 – Unfinished Sympathy|publisher=BBC|quote=Reaching number thirteen in the UK in 1991, Unfinished Sympathy was released under the group name Massive, due to the Gulf War of the same year|access-date=22 May 2009}}</ref> They returned to being "Massive Attack" for their next single, "[[Safe from Harm (song)|Safe from Harm]]".
===''Protection'' and Melankolic===
{{Main|Protection (Massive Attack album)}}
After Shara Nelson left, the band brought in [[Everything but the Girl]]'s [[Tracey Thorn]]<ref name="allmusicbio" /> and [[Nicolette (musician)|Nicolette]] as vocalists and released "Protection" on 26 September 1994.
With McVey out of the picture, Massive Attack enlisted the production talents of former Wild Bunch [[Nellee Hooper]] to co-produce some songs on it, with Mushroom. Other tracks were co-produced by [[the Insects]] and 3D. A dub version, ''[[No Protection (Massive Attack album)|No Protection]]'', was released the following year by [[Mad Professor]]. ''Protection'' won a [[Brit Awards|Brit award]] for Best Dance Act.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newsfinder.org/site/more/massive_attack/|title=Massive Attack presented in Music section|website=Newsfinder.org|access-date=22 May 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090605081654/http://www.newsfinder.org/site/more/massive_attack/|archive-date=5 June 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref> The other collaborators on ''Protection'' were [[Marius de Vries]], [[Craig Armstrong (composer)|Craig Armstrong]],<ref name="lynskey" /> a Scottish classical pianist, and Tricky. Tricky's solo career was taking off at this time and he decided not to collaborate with Massive Attack after this.<ref name="allmusicbio" />
1994-95 was also the period of Portishead's ''[[Dummy (album)|Dummy]]'' and Tricky's ''[[Maxinquaye]]'' albums and the term "trip hop" was coined.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/05/28/arts/pop-view-another-city-another-new-sound.html|title=POP VIEW; Another City, Another New Sound|work=The New York Times|date=28 May 1995|access-date=22 May 2009|last=Reynolds|first=Simon}}</ref> The media started to refer to the "Bristol scene".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/radio1/maryannehobbs/bristol.shtml|title=Bristol: Rise Up|publisher=BBC|access-date=22 May 2009|last=Slinger|first=Benjamin}}</ref>
In 1995, Massive Attack started a label distributed by Virgin/EMI, Melankolic, and signed Craig Armstrong and a number of other artists such as Horace Andy, [[Lewis Parker (band)|Lewis Parker]], [[Alpha (band)|Alpha]], [[Sunna (band)|Sunna]], and [[Day One (band)|Day One]]. The group espoused a non-interference philosophy that allowed the artists to make their albums in the way they wanted.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://melankolic.astralwerks.com/ |title=This is melankolic records |access-date=22 May 2009|archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20030210154818/http://melankolic.astralwerks.com/ |archive-date = 10 February 2003}}</ref>
The same year the Insects became unavailable for co-production and having parted ways with Nellee Hooper, the band were introduced to [[Neil Davidge]],<ref name="bbcinterview">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/collective/A963542|title=BBC – collective – Massive Attack interview transcript part 3|publisher=BBC|access-date=22 May 2009}}</ref> a relatively unknown producer whose main claim to fame thus far had been an association with anonymous dance-pop outfit [[The DNA Disciples|DNA]]. The first track they worked on was "The Hunter Gets Captured by the Game", a cover version sung by Tracey Thorn for the [[Batman Forever (soundtrack)|''Batman Forever'' soundtrack]]. Initially, Davidge was brought in as engineer, but soon became producer.<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Humberstone |first1=Nigel |title=Neil Davidge: Recording 100th Window |url=https://www.soundonsound.com/people/neil-davidge-recording-100th-window |magazine=Sound on Sound |access-date=15 July 2018}}</ref>
The group increasingly fractured in the lead-up to the third album, Davidge having to co-produce the three producers' ideas separately. Mushroom was reported to be unhappy with the degree of the post-punk direction in which Del Naja, increasingly filling the production vacuum, was taking the band.<ref name="bbcinterview" />
In 1997, the group contributed to the [[The Jackal (soundtrack)|film soundtrack]] of ''[[The Jackal (1997 film)|The Jackal]]'', recording "Superpredators (Metal Postcard)", a song containing a sample of [[Siouxsie and the Banshees]]' "[[Mittageisen]]"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.inflightdata.com/superpredators.html|title=Massive Attack|website=Inflightdata.com|access-date=17 September 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713030438/http://www.inflightdata.com/superpredators.html|archive-date=13 July 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref> and "Dissolved Girl", a new song with vocals by Sarah Jay (that was later remixed for the next album), which was featured at the beginning of the 1999 film ''[[The Matrix]]'', although it was not on the official soundtrack.
Later that year they released a single, "[[Risingson]]", from what would be their third album, ''[[Mezzanine (album)|Mezzanine]]''.<ref name="allmusic-mezzanine">{{cite web|url={{AllMusic|class=album|id=r348738|pure_url=yes}}|title=allmusic ((( Mezzanine > Overview )))|website=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=22 May 2009|last=Bush|first=John}}</ref>
===''Mezzanine'', "Teardrop", Vowles's departure and Marshall's absence===
{{Main|Mezzanine (album)}}
In 1997, Del Naja became the band's main producer in the recording sessions that made ''Mezzanine'', Massive Attack's most commercially successful album,<ref name="dazeddigital.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.dazeddigital.com/music/article/40387/1/massive-attack-mezzanine-20th-birthday-retrospective|title=Massive Attack's Mezzanine and the death of the multicultural dream|date=16 June 2018|website=Dazeddigital.com|access-date=25 November 2020}}</ref> selling nearly four million copies. It featured Neil Davidge as a sound engineer and co-producer, and [[Horace Andy]] and [[Elizabeth Fraser]] as the main guest vocalists. During recording, [[Angelo Bruschini]] became their permanent lead guitarist both in the studio and live.<ref name="allmusic-mezzanine" />
The lead single, after "Risingson", was "[[Teardrop (Massive Attack song)|Teardrop]]", sung by [[Elizabeth Fraser]] of [[Cocteau Twins]]. The song was accompanied by a video directed by [[Walter Stern (director)|Walter Stern]], of an [[animatronic]] singing fetus. Horace Andy sang on three songs, including "[[Angel (Massive Attack song)|Angel]]". A track the band made for the film ''[[The Jackal (1997 film)|The Jackal]],'' "Dissolved Girl", sung by Sarah Jay, was remixed for inclusion on the record.
''Mezzanine'' went on to win a [[Q Awards|Q Award]] for Best Album<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.everyhit.com/awardq.html|title=The Q Awards|website=Everyhit.com|access-date=22 May 2009}}</ref> as well as being nominated for a [[Mercury Prize]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=NME|access-date=2019-02-17|title=MERCURY RISING: GOMEZ WIN '98 ALBUM PRIZE|url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/gomez-46-1385994|date=17 August 1998|website=NME}}</ref>
Touring extensively, friction between Mushroom and the others came to a head. Mushroom was unhappy with the direction of the group and having to appear on tour.<ref name="sawyer">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2008/may/11/urbanmusic.culture|title=Massive Attack talk to Miranda Sawyer|work=The Observer|date=11 May 2008|access-date=20 May 2009|last=Sawyer|first=Miranda| location=London}}</ref>
Around this time, Del Naja, with Davidge decamped into Ridge Farm studio with friends and band members of [[Lupine Howl]] (made up of former members of the band [[Spiritualized]], including Damon Reece, who went on to be Massive Attack's permanent drummer and one of two live drummers) towards a fourth Massive Attack LP, taking things even further into a rock direction.<ref name="brandplayson" />
2001 also saw the release of ''Eleven Promos,'' a DVD of Massive Attack's 11 music videos thus far, including "Angel", a £100,000+ promo.<ref>{{cite web|url={{AllMusic|class=album|id=r1215456|pure_url=yes}}|title=allmusic ((( Collected/Rarities/Eleven Promos > Overview )))|website=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=22 May 2009|last=Jurek|first=Thom}}</ref>
===''100th Window'', Marshall's return and ''Collected''===
{{Main|100th Window}}
[[File:Daddy g.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Daddy G|Grant Marshall]] at the [[Eurockéennes]] Festival 2008]]
With Daddy G temporarily no longer involved in the studio, Davidge and Del Naja steered "LP4" on their own. Enlisting the vocals of [[Sinéad O'Connor]] and Horace Andy, ''100th Window'' was mastered in August 2002 and released in February 2003.<ref name=allmusic100thwindow>{{cite web|url={{AllMusic|class=album|id=r620022|pure_url=yes}}|title=allmusic ((( 100th Window > Overview )))|website=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=22 May 2009|last=Bush|first=John}}</ref>
Featuring no samples or cover versions, ''100th Window'' was not as critically well-received in Britain as the other records, although the album received a warmer reception internationally, scoring a 75 out of 100 on review aggregation site [[Metacritic]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.metacritic.com/music/artists/massiveattack/100thwindow?q=massive%20attack|title=100th Window|website=Metacritic.com|access-date=17 September 2014}}</ref>
The group collaborated with [[Mos Def]] on the track "I Against I", which appeared on the "Special Cases" single and the soundtrack for ''[[Blade II]]''. "I Against I" is also notable as the only track from the ''100th Window'' sessions that features a writing credit from Daddy G.
Also in 2003, Del Naja was arrested on allegations involving child pornography, which were reported widely in the media.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2003/feb/27/arts.childprotection|title=Police question musician over child porn|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|date=27 February 2003|access-date=22 May 2009| location=London}}</ref> Del Naja was soon eliminated as a suspect<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.smh.com.au/articles/2003/03/22/1047749989803.html|title=Police clear Massive Attack star in child porn inquiry|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|date=23 March 2003|access-date=22 May 2009|last1=Barnes|first1=Anthony|last2=Marshall|first2=Nina}}</ref> (although he was charged with [[Ecstasy (drug)|ecstasy]] possession and unable to get a U.S. visa for a while) with Daddy G and fans offering their support. The arrest affected the beginning of the ''100th Window'' tour schedule.
''100th Window'' sold over one million copies and was toured extensively (including Queen Square, Bristol—a one-off sell out concert set up in the city centre park, which was seen as a homecoming).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/bristol/content/goingout/2003/08/26/massive_review.shtml|title=BBC – Going Out in Bristol – Massive Attack wow home crowd|publisher=BBC|access-date=20 May 2009}}</ref>
Afterwards, Del Naja and Davidge agreed to an offer from director [[Louis Leterrier]] to score the entire soundtrack for ''[[Unleashed (2005 film)|Danny the Dog]]'', starring [[Jet Li]]. [[Dot Allison]], who had sung with the band on the ''100th Window'' tour, sang the end title track, "Aftersun". Del Naja and Davidge also scored the soundtrack for the ''[[Bullet Boy]]'' film, with Del Naja on the end title vocals.
In 2005, Daddy G started coming into the studio, although little came of the material. He decided to instead work with a production duo, Robot Club, in another studio, feeling that he would be more free to develop tracks in the way he wanted. Meanwhile, Del Naja and Davidge recorded with a number of different singers as well as creating a track named "Twilight", for [[UNKLE]]'s ''[[War Stories (album)|War Stories]]'' album. Later that year, Massive Attack decided to release their contractually obliged compilation album ''[[Collected (Massive Attack album)|Collected]]'' in 2006. They released it with a second disc, made up of previously released non-album songs and unreleased sketches.<ref name=allmusic100thwindow/>
==="Weather Underground" / ''Heligoland'' era===
{{Main|Heligoland (album)}}
In 2007, Del Naja and Davidge scored three soundtracks, ''In Prison My Whole Life'' (which featured a track called "Calling Mumia" with vocals by American rapper [[Snoop Dogg]]), ''[[Battle in Seattle]]'' and ''[[Trouble the Water]].''
In February 2007, Massive Attack hosted a charity benefit for the Hoping Foundation, a charity for [[State of Palestine|Palestinian]] children. In 2008, it was announced that Massive Attack were to curate the UK's Southbank [[Meltdown (festival)|Meltdown]], a week-long event. It was suggested in interviews that this event would inspire Massive Attack back into action, having spent several years drifting towards the completion of their fifth studio album.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2008/feb/15/news.uk|title=Meltdown launches Massive Attack as festival curators|work=The Guardian|date=15 February 2008|access-date=22 May 2009|last=Gibson|first=Owen|location=London}}</ref>
Later that year, Del Naja and Daddy G headed to [[Damon Albarn]]'s studios for some writing and jamming. Around this time, Davidge scored the soundtrack for a [[Paul McGuigan (filmmaker)|Paul McGuigan]] film, ''[[Push (2009 film)|Push]]'' and in December, Del Naja completed the score for ''[[44 Inch Chest]]'' with the Insects and [[Angelo Badalamenti]].
Davidge and Del Naja got back together in 2009 with Daddy G to finish the fifth album, incorporating bits of the Albarn material. Later it was announced that the band were to headline the 2009 [[Bestival]] festival,<ref>{{cite news|title=Kraftwork, Massive Attack to Headline Bestival|url=http://www.gigwise.com/news/49591/kraftwerk-massive-attack-to-headline-bestival|work=Gigwise|access-date=13 September 2016}}</ref> and soon after that they were to tour the UK and Europe. In May, Del Naja's instrumental "Herculaneum", featured in the film ''[[Gomorra (film)|Gomorra]]'', won an Italian award for Best Song. Later that month, Del Naja and Marshall picked up a special [[Ivor Novello Awards|Ivor Novello award]] for Outstanding Contribution to British Music.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/268565/massive-attack-to-return-with-huge-world-tour|title=Massive Attack to Return with Huge World Tour|magazine=Billboard|date=21 May 2009|access-date=25 May 2009}}</ref>
On 29 May 2009, Jonny Dollar died of cancer aged 45, survived by his wife and four children. Dollar was the programmer and hands-on producer behind ''Blue Lines'', writing some of the melodies that were the basis for the string arrangements in "Unfinished Sympathy".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.musicweek.com/story.asp?sectioncode=1&storycode=1037855&c=1|title=Blue Lines producer dies|work=Music Week|access-date=3 June 2009}}</ref>
On 25 August 2009 their new EP, ''[[Splitting the Atom]],'' was announced. The other new tracks on the EP were [[Tunde Adebimpe]]'s "Pray For Rain", [[Martina Topley-Bird]]'s "Psyche" and [[Guy Garvey]]'s "Bulletproof Love". The latter two tracks appear as remixes of the album versions.
The fifth album was released on 12 November 2009, called ''[[Heligoland (album)|Heligoland]],'' after the German [[archipelago]] of [[Heligoland]], after a previous project called "Weather Underground" was abandoned.<ref name="auto"/> Del Naja said "I think it's got definitely a more organic feel".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://suicidegirls.com/interviews/Massive+Attack%3A+Heligoland+/|title=Interview w/ Massive Attack's Robert Del Naja re. Heligoland|website=Suicidegirls.com|access-date=10 March 2010}}</ref> The opening track, "Pray For Rain" featured guest vocals of [[TV on the Radio]]'s Tunde Adebimpe. Damon Albarn, Martina Topley-Bird and [[Mazzy Star]] frontwoman [[Hope Sandoval]] also provide guest vocals on the album. Del Naja said in October 2010, to the Spinner website, that his plans were now for "unorthodox" releases of several EPs in 2011, rather than an album.<ref>{{cite web|last=Bellinger |first=Candy |url=http://www.spinnermusic.co.uk/2010/10/14/massive-attack-north-american-tour/ |title=Celebrity Gossip, latest Celebrity News and Showbiz Gossip | Eleven UK |website=Spinnermusic.co.uk |date=30 May 2011 |access-date=21 August 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728100944/http://www.spinnermusic.co.uk/2010/10/14/massive-attack-north-american-tour/ |archive-date=28 July 2011 }}</ref>
===''Ritual Spirit'' EP, the return of Tricky, and new songs===
In a 2013 interview for his first solo art show since 2008, Del Naja confirmed that not only was new Massive Attack material in the works, but that rumours of a reunion with Tricky were true.<ref name=metrotreunion>{{cite web |url=http://metro.co.uk/2013/05/23/massive-attacks-robert-del-naja-confirms-tricky-reunion-ahead-of-art-show-3804789 |title=Massive Attack's Robert Del Naja confirms Tricky reunion ahead of art show |date=23 May 2013 |publisher=Metro |access-date=2 March 2014}}</ref> Tricky had not been featured on a Massive Attack album since 1994's ''Protection.''
{{blockquote|"The idea is to put a record out next year", he says. "We actually get on really well at the moment because we don't spend time in the studio together", he says with a wry grin. "Me and Tricky wrote some new tracks in Paris last year, which haven't seen the light of day yet – but that was fun. They should be on the next album." |sign= Robert Del Naja, ''Metro'', 23 May 2013<ref name=metrotreunion/> }}
On 5 February 2014, it was confirmed that Massive Attack would headline at Secret Solstice, a new music festival in [[Reykjavík]] in June.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.newsoficeland.com/entertainment/music/item/319-massive-attack-will-perform-at-secret-solstice-in-iceland-next-summer |title=Massive Attack will perform at Secret Solstice in Iceland next summer |publisher=News of Iceland |access-date=2 March 2014 |archive-date=1 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140901183322/http://www.newsoficeland.com/entertainment/music/item/319-massive-attack-will-perform-at-secret-solstice-in-iceland-next-summer |url-status=dead }}</ref> On 21 February 2015, it was confirmed through the Massive Attack Facebook page that they would be collaborating with [[Run the Jewels]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.facebook.com/massiveattack/photos/a.163928704256.143181.19159654256/10153121358429257/?type=1&theater |title=Massive Attack announce collaboration with Run the Jewels | publisher=Massive Attack |access-date=21 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|last1=Peters|first1=Mitchell|title=Run the Jewels In the Studio With Massive Attack|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/the-juice/6480213/run-the-jewels-in-the-studio-with-massive-attack|magazine=Billboard|access-date=27 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Britton|first1=Luke Morgan|title=Run The Jewels working in studio with Massive Attack|url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/run-the-jewels-58-1222041|access-date=27 February 2018|work=NME|date=21 February 2015}}</ref>
On 21 January 2016, the iPhone application "Fantom" was released. The application was developed by a team including Del Naja and let users hear parts of four new songs by remixing them in real time, using the phone's location, movement, clock, heartbeat, and camera.
On 28 January 2016, Massive Attack released a new EP, ''[[Ritual Spirit]]'', which includes the four songs released on Fantom. The EP was written and produced by Del Naja and new collaborator, Euan Dickinson.
It was their first release since the 2011 ''[[Four Walls / Paradise Circus]]'' collaboration with [[Burial (musician)|Burial]], and the first time since 1994 that Tricky had been featured on Massive Attack content. Scottish hip-hop group [[Young Fathers]], London rapper [[Roots Manuva]] and singer [[Azekel]] also featured on the EP.<ref name="consquenceofsound_2016">{{cite web | url=https://consequence.net/2016/01/stream-massive-attacks-new-ep-ritual-spirit/ | title=Stream: Massive Attack's new EP Ritual Spirit | work=[[Consequence of Sound]] | date=28 January 2016 | access-date=28 January 2016 | author=Young, Alex}}</ref>
On 26 July 2016, Massive Attack previewed three new songs: "Come Near Me", "The Spoils", and "Dear Friend" on the Fantom iPhone application on which they previously previewed the four songs from the ''Ritual Spirit'' EP.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pitchfork.com/news/67078-massive-attack-share-two-new-songs-via-app-listen/ |title=Massive Attack Release New Songs "Come Near Me," "The Spoils," and "Dear Friend" | website=[[Pitchfork (website)|Pitchfork]] |first=Jazz |last=Monroe |date=26 July 2016 |access-date=26 July 2016}}</ref>
On 29 July 2016, they released a new EP, "[[The Spoils (song)|The Spoils]]", which includes "The Spoils" and "Come Near Me", both previewed on Fantom. "The Spoils" features vocals from American singer-songwriter [[Hope Sandoval]], and "Come Near Me" features British vocalist [[Ghostpoet]]. A music video for "Come Near Me", directed by Ed Morris, and featuring Kosovan actress [[Arta Dobroshi]], was released the same day as the single.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://pitchfork.com/news/67161-watch-massive-attack-and-ghostpoets-new-video-come-near-me/ | title=Massive Attack Release 'Come Near Me' New Video, Plus Hope Sandoval Collaboration | work=[[Pitchfork (website)|Pitchfork]] | date=29 July 2016 | access-date=29 July 2016}}</ref> The video for "The Spoils", featuring [[Cate Blanchett]] and directed by Australian director [[John Hillcoat]], was released on 9 August 2016.<ref>{{cite news|title=Cate Blanchett stars in Massive Attack's new music video|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/cate-blanchett-stars-in-massive-attacks-new-music-video-for-the-spoils-a7181016.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220512/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/cate-blanchett-stars-in-massive-attacks-new-music-video-for-the-spoils-a7181016.html |archive-date=12 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|newspaper=[[The Independent]]|access-date=9 August 2016}}</ref>
On 13 July 2018, Massive Attack cancelled their appearance at the [[Mad Cool]] festival in [[Madrid]] because of sound bleed from [[Franz Ferdinand (band)|Franz Ferdinand]] on a neighbouring stage. The festival offered several solutions to accommodate the band, but Massive Attack rejected them all.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Navarro |first=Fernando |date=2018-07-16 |title=The behind-the-scenes story of Massive Attack canceling their Mad Cool gig |url=https://english.elpais.com/elpais/2018/07/16/inenglish/1531739617_522079.html |access-date=2024-07-25 |website=EL PAÍS English |language=en}}</ref>
In 2019, Massive Attack went on tour to promote the 20th anniversary rerelease of ''Mezzanine'', billed as "Mezzanine XX1". The American tour dates, originally scheduled for April, were postponed to September due to illness in the band.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Mims |first=Taylor |date=2019-03-08 |title=Massive Attack Postpones 'Mezzanine' Anniversary Shows Due to Illness |url=https://www.billboard.com/pro/massive-attack-postpones-mezzanine-anniversary-shows-illness/ |access-date=2024-07-25 |magazine=Billboard |language=en-US}}</ref>
===''Eutopia'' EP and audiovisual releases===
In July 2020, Massive Attack released a political audiovisual EP called ''[[Eutopia (extended play)|Eutopia]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/massive-attack-tease-new-eutopia-ep-with-mysterious-instagram-posts-2704269|title=Massive Attack debut stunning audio-visual EP 'Eutopia'|website=Nme.com|date=10 July 2020|access-date=25 November 2020}}</ref> The three-track fusion was created across five cities during the [[COVID-19]] global lockdown period, and was partly formed by generative algorithmic visuals from AI art pioneer [[Mario Klingemann]] and collaborations with [[Algiers (band)|Algiers]], [[Young Fathers]] and US poet [[Saul Williams]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.publicpressure.org/massive-attacks-eutopia-addresses-our-need-for-a-radical-global-change/|title=Massive Attack's Eutopia addresses our need for a radical global change | Public Pressure|website=Publicpressure.org|date=17 July 2020|access-date=25 November 2020}}</ref> The conceptual project, co-written and produced by 3D and documentary filmmaker [[Mark Donne]], featured strong arguments for global system change from UN Paris Climate Agreement author [[Christiana Figueres]], founder of the [[Universal Basic Income]] Principle Professor [[Guy Standing (economist)|Guy Standing]] and inventor of the US "Wealth Tax" policy Professor [[Gabriel Zucman]]. Each video ends with a quote from Thomas More's ''[[Utopia (More book)|Utopia]]''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Massive Attack Release New Audiovisual EP Eutopia: Watch |url=https://pitchfork.com/news/massive-attack-release-new-audiovisual-ep-eutopia-watch/ |website=Pitchfork.com|date=10 July 2020 |access-date=10 July 2020}}</ref>
Massive Attack were scheduled to headline the 2022 edition of the [[Primavera Sound]] music festival in [[Barcelona]], [[Spain]], but an unnamed band member's serious illness forced the band to cancel its appearance with the rest of its European tour.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pearis |first=Bill|title=Massive Attack cancel all 2022 live dates as member recovers from "serious illness" |url=https://www.brooklynvegan.com/massive-attack-cancel-all-2022-live-dates-as-member-recovers-from-serious-illness/ |access-date=2022-05-29 |website=BrooklynVegan |date=25 March 2022 |language=en}}</ref> [[Angelo Bruschini]], who played guitar on ''Mezzanine'' and ''100th Window'' while touring with the band since 1995, died of lung cancer on 23 October 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-24 |title=Massive Attack Guitarist Angelo Bruschini Has Died |url=https://www.stereogum.com/2240225/massive-attack-guitarist-angelo-bruschini-has-died/news/ |access-date=2023-10-24 |website=Stereogum |language=en}}</ref>
The group played their first show in five years on 5 June 2024 in [[Gothenburg]], Sweden, joined by guests [[Elizabeth Fraser]], [[Horace Andy]] and [[Young Fathers]], who all toured with the band during their European shows that summer.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-06 |title=Watch Massive Attack Play Their First Show In Five Years With Special Guests Elizabeth Fraser And Horace Andy |url=https://www.stereogum.com/2266713/watch-massive-attack-play-their-first-show-in-five-years-with-special-guests-elizabeth-fraser-and-horace-andy/news/ |access-date=2024-06-20 |website=Stereogum |language=en}}</ref>
==Musical style==
Some of their most noted songs have been without choruses and have featured dramatically atmospheric dynamics, conveyed through either distorted guitar crescendos, lavish orchestral arrangements or prominent, looped/shifting basslines, underpinned by high and exacting production values, involving sometimes copious digital editing and mixing.<ref name=timedigital/> The pace of their music has often been slower than prevalent British [[Electronic dance music|dance music]] of the time. These and other [[Psychedelic music|psychedelic]], soundtrack-like and DJist sonic techniques, formed a much-emulated style journalists began to dub "[[trip hop]]" from the mid-nineties onwards,<ref>{{cite web|url={{AllMusic|class=explore|id=style/d2644|pure_url=yes}}|title=Trip Hop|website=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=20 May 2009}}</ref> though in an interview in 2006, Daddy G said, "We used to hate that terminology [trip-hop] so bad,' laughs. 'You know, as far we were concerned, Massive Attack music was unique, so to put it in a box was to pigeonhole it and to say, "Right, we know where you guys are coming from.""<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hour.ca/music/music.aspx?iIDArticle=10216|title=Massive Attack in Montreal, September 11|work=Hour|publisher=Communications Voir Inc.|date=7 September 2006|access-date=26 May 2009|last=Tousignant|first=Isa|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061027212620/http://www.hour.ca/music/music.aspx?iIDArticle=10216|archive-date=27 October 2006|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
==Other projects==
==='Fire Sale' exhibition===
A solo exhibition of Del Naja's art was held at the Lazarides gallery in central London, from 24 May to 22 June 2013. The show's content spanned a period of over twenty years and featured many of the art pieces that Del Naja created for Massive Attack. Each piece, reinterpreted especially for the exhibition, was hand-printed and finished. The show also featured three one-off 'digital infinity mirrors', two of which contained phrases supplied by [[Reprieve (organisation)|Reprieve]] that were extracted from [[Unmanned aerial vehicle|drone]] pilot dialogues. Del Naja performed a DJ set during the opening night on 23 May 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lazinc.com/exhibitions/582,3d-fire-sale|title=Exhibition 3D: Fire Sale|publisher=Lazarides|access-date=26 October 2013|archive-date=29 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029193440/http://www.lazinc.com/exhibitions/582,3d-fire-sale|url-status=dead}}</ref>
===Massive Attack and Adam Curtis===
Del Naja conceived and designed an eight-night festival with filmmaker [[Adam Curtis]]—in collaboration with UVA ([[United Visual Artists]])—that premiered in Manchester, UK in July 2013. The festival featured Curtis's film, unofficially titled ''The Plan,'' which was projected on a huge screen surrounding the audience, while music from Massive Attack was interweaved throughout the film.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://louderthanwar.com/an-open-letter-to-massive-attack-and-adam-curtis/|title=An Open Letter To Massive Attack And Adam Curtis|date=14 July 2013 |publisher=Louder Than War|access-date=26 October 2013}}</ref> Del Naja, who orchestrated the film's soundtrack, described the experience as a "collective hallucination" and the film was also shown at the [[Manchester International Festival]] in July 2013.<ref>{{cite news|first1=Tim|last1=Adams|access-date=2019-02-17|title=Massive Attack v Adam Curtis – review|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2013/jul/07/adam-curtis-massive-attack-review|newspaper=[[The Observer]]|date=6 July 2013|issn=0029-7712}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|access-date=2019-02-17|title=Massive Attack v Adam Curtis, Manchester International Festival – review|url=https://www.ft.com/content/e7afe1bc-e55f-11e2-8d0b-00144feabdc0 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/e7afe1bc-e55f-11e2-8d0b-00144feabdc0 |archive-date=10 December 2022 |url-access=subscription|website=Financial Times|date=7 July 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first1=Ian|last1=Youngs|access-date=2019-02-17|title=Depot gig opens Manchester festival|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-23158914|date=5 July 2013|website=Bbc.co.uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|access-date=2019-02-17|title=Music review: Massive Attack v Adam Curtis for the Manchester|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/reviews/music-review-massive-attack-v-adam-curtis-for-the-manchester-international-festival-was-sadly-a-8690664.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220512/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/reviews/music-review-massive-attack-v-adam-curtis-for-the-manchester-international-festival-was-sadly-a-8690664.html |archive-date=12 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|date=5 July 2013|newspaper=[[The Independent]]}}</ref> Music created by Del Naja for the festival became the score for a [[BBC]] production entitled ''[[HyperNormalisation]]'' in 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p04b183c|title=HyperNormalisation|date=16 October 2016|work=[[BBC]]|access-date=30 October 2018}}</ref>
In 2019, Del Naja and Adam Curtis teamed up for a second time on a live show based on the band's Mezzanine album.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.factmag.com/2018/10/30/massive-attack-announce-mezzanine-tour/|title=Massive Attack announce Mezzanine XX1 2019 Tour|website=Factmag.com|date=30 October 2018}}</ref> The show challenged the idea of nostalgia and power, and featured machine learning GANS and deep fakes from [[Mario Klingemann]], as well as new films from Curtis that were used to tell a narrative story. They were used as visuals for cover versions of non Massive Attack songs based on samples and loops that made up the album's identity.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thefader.com/2019/09/25/massive-attack-robert-del-naja-mezzanine-interview|title=A rare interview with Massive Attack's Robert Del Naja on creating the most subversive live show of 2019|website=The FADER}}</ref>
===Mezzanine DNA===
In April 2019, it was reported that Massive Attack had encoded ''Mezzanine'' into DNA to mark the 20th anniversary of the seminal 1998 album.
The album has also been made available in the form of a matte black spray paint can. A limited number of spray cans will contain the DNA encoded audio within matte black paint and each can will contain approximately one million copies of the album.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pitchfork.com/news/massive-attack-encoding-album-into-dna/|title=Massive Attack Encoding Album Into DNA|website=Pitchfork.com|date=20 April 2018}}</ref> Addressing the novel storage method, Del Naja – who is also known as a graffiti artist as ‘3D' – said: “It’s a creative way to store your back catalogue, although DNA-encoded spray paint is unlikely to be adopted by street artists seeking anonymity”.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://consequence.net/2018/10/massive-attack-dna-spray-paint-can/|title=Massive Attack releasing DNA-encoded Mezzanine in spray paint can|date=19 October 2018}}</ref>
=== Decarbonisation project ===
On 28 November 2019, Robert Del Naja announced that Massive Attack partnered with a research centre based at the [[University of Manchester]] to explore the [[Environmental impact of the music industry|music industry's climate impact]]. He wrote in a column in ''The Guardian'': "the commissioning of the renowned [[Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research]] to map the full carbon footprint of typical tour cycles, and to look specifically at the three key areas where [[Greenhouse gas emissions|CO2 emissions]] in our sector are generated." This will include information about band travel and production, audience transport and venue. "The resulting roadmap to [[decarbonisation]] will be shared with other touring acts, promoters and festival/venue owners to assist swift and significant emissions reductions."<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 November 2019 |title=We've toured the world for years. To help save the planet we'll have to change | Massive Attack |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/nov/28/tour-world-massive-attack-band-climate |access-date=26 August 2020 |website=Theguardian.com}}</ref> (See 'Environmentalism' below)
==Activism and politics==
=== Anti-war advocacy ===
Robert Del Naja was critical of the policies of the [[Premiership of Tony Blair|UK government under Tony Blair]]. He was strongly opposed to the [[2003 invasion of Iraq|2003 war against Iraq]], and with fellow musician [[Damon Albarn]] personally paid for full-page advertisements against the war in the ''[[NME]]'' magazine.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/7876770/Massive-Attack-the-beat-goes-on.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/7876770/Massive-Attack-the-beat-goes-on.html |archive-date=11 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Massive Attack: the beat goes on|date=8 July 2010|work=The Daily Telegraph|access-date=17 September 2014}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
Massive Attack have worked with [[Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament]] and [[Stop the War Coalition]], while also having helped fund a legal challenge to military intervention in international courts.<ref>{{cite news |date= 31 January 2003 |title= Starting a massive offensive |url=https://www.scotsman.com/arts-and-culture/music/starting-a-massive-offensive-1-544656 |work= The Scotsman |access-date= 14 June 2019}}</ref>
=== Human rights ===
In 2008, Massive Attack curated the annual [[Meltdown (festival)|Meltdown festival]] on London's [[South Bank]]. During the two weeks of live performance, cinema and art, they worked with human rights lawyer [[Clive Stafford Smith]] and his organisation [[Reprieve (organisation)|Reprieve]] which uses the law to enforce the [[human rights]] of prisoners.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.reprieve.org.uk/press/2008_07_07memoriesofmeltdown/|title=Reprieve—Memories of Meltdown|access-date=15 September 2012}}</ref>
In 2010, the video shot by [[Adam Broomberg and Oliver Chanarin]] for the song "[[Saturday Come Slow]]", featuring Albarn, drew attention to the use of music in [[torture]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.reprieve.org.uk/blog/2010_03_18massive_attack_speaks_out_music_torture/|title=Reprieve—Massive Attack speak out against music torture|access-date=15 September 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20121224060143/http://www.reprieve.org.uk/blog/2010_03_18massive_attack_speaks_out_music_torture/|archive-date=24 December 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
Massive Attack donated all proceeds from their 2010 EP ''Atlas Air'' to [[War Child (charity)|War Child]], a charity the band previously supported when they contributed to ''[[The Help Album]].''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/6music/news/231110_massiveattack.shtml|title=BBC – 6Music News – Massive Attack for War Child|publisher=[[BBC]]|access-date=15 September 2012}}</ref>
In late July 2014, Del Naja and Marshall visited the [[Bourj el-Barajneh|Bourj El-Barajneh]] [[refugee camp]] in Lebanon to meet with Palestinian volunteers at an educational centre. The band's profit from the show in Byblos was donated to the centre.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/massive-attack-visit-palestinian-refugees-in-lebanon-all-of-them-have-a-right-to-a-life-of-dignity-and-beauty-9635645.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220512/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/massive-attack-visit-palestinian-refugees-in-lebanon-all-of-them-have-a-right-to-a-life-of-dignity-and-beauty-9635645.html |archive-date=12 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Massive Attack visit Palestinian refugees in Lebanon: 'All of them have a right to a life of dignity and beauty' – People — News |work=The Independent|date=29 July 2014 |access-date=17 September 2014}}</ref>
In 2017, Massive Attack performed three shows in support of Hoping, an organisation that helps raise money and supports projects for Palestinian youth in refugee camps in the [[Gaza Strip]] and the [[West Bank]], [[Lebanon]] and [[Syria]].{{citation needed|date=August 2020}}
=== British politics ===
In 2007, Del Naja, musicians Albarn and [[Brian Eno]], and United Visual Artists contributed to a [[Greenpeace]] demonstration against the renewal of the [[Trident nuclear programme]] that was held on board the [[MV Arctic Sunrise|Arctic Sunrise]] on the [[River Thames]].<ref>{{cite web|title=River Thames to host protest against Trident renewal|url=http://www.greenpeace.org.uk/media/press-releases/river-thames-to-host-protest|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121028055102/http://www.greenpeace.org.uk/media/press-releases/river-thames-to-host-protest|archive-date=28 October 2012|access-date=15 September 2012|publisher=Greenpeace UK|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
On 14 November 2012, on the eve of the [[2012 Bristol mayoral election|Bristol Mayor election]], the band caused some surprise by endorsing independent millionaire and former [[Liberal Democrats (UK)|Liberal Democrat]] [[George Ferguson (politician)|George Ferguson]], citing the need for a mayor who would help facilitate creative projects to the city, and wasn't simply following a party political agenda.<ref name="24-7">{{cite news|last=Brown|first=Christopher|date=14 November 2012|title=Bristol mayor: Massive Attack give vocal backing for Ferguson|newspaper=Bristol 24–7|url=http://www.bristol247.com/2012/11/14/bristol-mayor-massive-attack-give-vocal-backing-for-ferguson-25128/|url-status=dead|access-date=8 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130522204522/http://www.bristol247.com/2012/11/14/bristol-mayor-massive-attack-give-vocal-backing-for-ferguson-25128/|archive-date=22 May 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Previously, Del Naja had openly criticised Ferguson for being a member of the [[Society of Merchant Venturers]],<ref name="post01">{{cite news|date=9 October 2012|title=Massive Attack star criticises Bristol Mayor candidate George Ferguson|newspaper=This Is Bristol|url=http://www.thisisbristol.co.uk/Massive-Attack-star-criticises-Bristol-Mayor/story-17054830-detail/story.html|url-status=dead|access-date=8 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602024432/http://www.thisisbristol.co.uk/Massive-Attack-star-criticises-Bristol-Mayor/story-17054830-detail/story.html#axzz2Shn0uOq5|archive-date=2 June 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref> an organisation dating back to the 16th century which had many connections with the [[Bristol slave trade]].<ref name="Nash">{{cite web|last=Nash|first=Andrew|title=The Society of Merchant Venturers|url=http://www.flocs.com/websites/bristolslavery/people/merchantventurers.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140613131401/http://www.flocs.com/websites/bristolslavery/people/merchantventurers.htm|archive-date=13 June 2014|access-date=22 March 2015|work=Bristol Slavery|publisher=Andrew Nash}}</ref> Del Naja endorsed Ferguson again in the 2016 election.{{citation needed|date=August 2020}}
In September 2018, Massive Attack criticised the [[Mayor of Bristol]] for cancelling the [[Bristol Arena|Bristol Arena project]] in the Temple Meads area of Bristol. The Mayor had announced a private sector company, YTL would build a privately funded arena in Filton, a northern suburb of Bristol and the band announced they would not play there. Despite this, when a pop up arena was temporarily erected on the Filton site, Massive Attack played two gigs in March 2019.
In November 2019, along with other public figures, Massive Attack signed a letter supporting [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]] leader [[Jeremy Corbyn]] describing him as "a beacon of hope in the struggle against emergent far-right nationalism, xenophobia and racism in much of the democratic world" and endorsed him in the [[2019 United Kingdom general election|2019 UK general election]].<ref name="nme">{{cite news|last=Neale|first=Matthew|date=16 November 2019|title=Exclusive: New letter supporting Jeremy Corbyn signed by Roger Waters, Robert Del Naja and more|work=[[NME]]|url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/new-letter-supporting-jeremy-corbyn-2568734|access-date=27 November 2019}}</ref>
In June 2024, Massive Attack endorsed [[Carla Denyer]], the co-leader of [[Green_Party_of_England_and_Wales|the Green Party]], as MP for [[Bristol Central]]. They said "General Election 2024 is an opportunity for #Bristol to consolidate its green reputation by electing an MP who is resolutely focused on #ClimateAction and unambiguous on the matter of genocide in #Gaza. @carla_denyer is that candidate."<ref>{{cite tweet |user=MassiveAttackUK |number=1797585324136423903 |title=General Election 2024 is an opportunity for #Bristol to consolidate its green reputation | accessdate=5 June 2024}}</ref>
=== International politics ===
Del Naja and [[Thom Yorke]] of [[Radiohead]] threw an unofficial party at the occupied [[UBS]] building in the city of London in December 2011, in support for the international [[Occupy movement]].<ref>{{cite web |date=8 February 2012 |title=Dazed Digital |url=http://www.dazeddigital.com/artsandculture/article/12575/1/occupy-2012 |access-date=15 September 2012 |publisher=Occupy 2012}}</ref>
During a concert in [[Istanbul]] in 2014, Massive Attack named those who died in [[Gezi Park protests|anti-government protests]] at [[Gezi Park]] on the outdoor screen at their back with the following sentences: "Their killers are still out there" and "We won't forget [[Soma mine disaster|Soma]]".<ref>{{cite web|date=6 August 2014|title=Massive Attack Soma ve Gezi'yi unutmadı – Hayat Haberleri – Radikal|url=http://www.radikal.com.tr/hayat/massive_attack_soma_ve_geziyi_unutmadi-1196119|access-date=26 August 2020|work=Radikal}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Massive Attack'ten Soma ve Gezi mesajı|url=http://www.gercekgundem.com/kultur-sanat/49167/massive-attackten-soma-ve-gezi-mesaji|access-date=17 September 2014|work=Gerçek Gündem}}</ref>
In June 2024, Massive Attack canceled a concert at the [[Black Sea Arena]] in [[Tbilisi]], originally scheduled for 28 July, in response to the [[Government of Georgia (country)|Georgian government]]'s repression of the [[2023–2024 Georgian protests|nationwide civil protests]] against law proposals that could have restricted [[freedom of press]] and [[LGBT rights in Georgia (country)|LGBT rights]] in the country; in an official statement, the band explained their decision by writing quote, "At this moment, performing at the state-owned Black Sea Arena could be seen as an endorsement of their violent crackdown against peaceful protests and civil society".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Boffey |first=Daniel |date=12 June 2024 |title=Massive Attack pull out of gig in Georgia in solidarity with protesters |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/article/2024/jun/12/massive-attack-pull-out-of-gig-in-georgia-in-solidarity-with-protesters |access-date=12 June 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref>
==== Israeli-Palestinian conflict ====
Massive Attack have previously played two shows in [[Israel]], but have refused to perform there since 1999 "as a form of non-violent pressure on Israel to end its brutal [[occupation of Palestine]]".<ref>{{cite news|last=Duran|first=Anagricel|date= 12 January 2024|title=Massive Attack speak out on their boycott of gigs in Israel since 1999|newspaper=NME|url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/massive-attack-speak-out-on-their-boycott-of-gigs-in-israel-since-1999-3570102|access-date=7 February 2024}}</ref> They have described their decision as "not an action of aggression towards the Israeli people", but "towards the [Israeli] [[Israeli government|government]] and its policies", arguing that "the Palestinians [in [[Gaza Strip|Gaza]] and the [[West Bank]]] have no access to the same fundamental benefits that the Israelis do."<ref name="NS">{{cite news|last=Parry|first=William|date=3 September 2010|title=The silent treatment|newspaper=New Statesman|url=http://www.newstatesman.com/music/2010/09/israel-interview-boycott-naja|access-date=26 August 2020}}</ref> In May 2020, Massive Attack co-signed an open letter urging Israel to end the [[blockade of the Gaza Strip]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Hundreds of artists urge Israel to end Gaza blockade |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/5/16/hundreds-of-artists-urge-israel-to-end-gaza-blockade |work=Al Jazeera |date=16 May 2020}}</ref>
In May 2024, the group publicly expressed their support to the music acts who had decided to boycott [[The Great Escape Festival]] in [[Brighton and Hove]], in protest against the event's sponsor [[Barclays]] and its investments in companies supplying arms that were reportedly used by Israeli military forces in their [[Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip (2023–present)|invasion of the Gaza Strip]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Skinner |first=Tom |date=14 May 2024 |title=Over 100 acts have now dropped out of The Great Escape 2024 in Gaza boycott, with support from Massive Attack |url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/over-100-acts-have-now-dropped-out-of-the-great-escape-2024-in-gaza-boycott-with-support-from-massive-attack-3756090 |access-date=24 May 2024 |website=[[NME]] |language=en-GB}}</ref>
=== Environmentalism ===
In 2010, Massive Attack donated the income from a Lincoln car commercial to the clean up campaign after the [[Deepwater Horizon oil spill]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Massive Attack Donate Proceeds of Lincoln Car Commercial To Clean-Up Efforts in the Gulf of Mexico|url=http://saveourgulf.org/updates/massive-attack-donate-proceeds-lincoln-car-commercial-clean-ef|access-date=15 September 2012|publisher=Save Our Gulf|archive-date=1 August 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130801101433/http://saveourgulf.org/updates/massive-attack-donate-proceeds-lincoln-car-commercial-clean-ef|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Since October 2018, Massive Attack have also been supporting the [[climate activist]]s of the [[Extinction Rebellion]] group, also known as XR, which conducted protests in London in October 2018 then April 2019. On 21 April, Massive Attack played a DJ set for the Extinction Rebellion protesters<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DS0bntN2FCM| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211030/DS0bntN2FCM| archive-date=2021-10-30|title=Massive Attack - Marble Arch - Extinction Rebellion| date=21 April 2019|publisher=[[YouTube]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> in the heart of London in Marble Arch.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mixmag.net/read/massive-attack-extinction-rebellion-protest-news|title=Massive Attack played a DJ set for the Extinction Rebellion protest in London|website=Mixmag}}</ref> In July and October 2019, the group protested in 60 other cities worldwide,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.publicpressure.org/60-cities-extinction-rebellion-movement-goes-global/|title=60 cities: Extinction Rebellion movement goes global|date=10 October 2019|website=Public Pressure}}</ref> Robert Del Naja providing a portable radio network using speakers in backpacks with receivers and transmitters for the campaigners in London.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7BG4zLu0yJQ| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211030/7BG4zLu0yJQ| archive-date=2021-10-30|title=Massive Attack Visited XR Sites | Extinction Rebellion| date=14 October 2019|publisher=[[YouTube]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
In 2021 the band published a report they had commissioned from the Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research. The report examined the impact of live music on the environment and gave a set of recommendations for meeting the [[Paris agreement]] targets. Del Naja criticised the UK government for not doing more to meet the targets.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Vinter |first1=Robyn |title=Massive Attack call for government plan to cut live music's carbon emissions |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/sep/06/massive-attack-call-for-government-plan-to-cut-live-musics-carbon-emissions |website=www.theguardian.com |date=5 September 2021 |publisher=Guardian News and Media |access-date=17 December 2022}}</ref> Massive Attack became the first band globally to commit their touring companies to the UN “Race to Zero” – Paris 1.5 compatible emissions reductions schedule.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://pitchfork.com/news/massive-attack-unveil-plan-to-reduce-carbon-emissions-across-music-industry/ |title=Massive Attack Unveil Plan to Reduce Carbon Emissions Across Music Industry |last=Monroe |first=Jazz |date=6 September 2021 |website=Pitchfork |access-date=6 March 2023 }}</ref>
The band will played a hometown Bristol show named "Act 1.5" on 24 August 2024 with the goal of being a "large-scale climate action accelerator", blazing a "trail for new standards of decarbonisation of live music." There were 25 different measures to minimize carbon, including giving extra benefits to local attendees and those traveling by train, powering the venue by renewable energy only, serving only plant-based foods and minimising waste through compostable plates and cutlery.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The band that doesn't want you to drive to their concerts |url=https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20240717-the-band-that-doesnt-want-you-to-travel-for-their-tour |access-date=2024-07-21 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Massive Attack's upcoming ACT 1.5 decarbonisation show "may be their last" in Bristol |url=https://mixmag.net/read/massive-attack-act-1-5-decarbonisation-show-bristol-clifton-downs-climate-action-news |access-date=2024-07-21 |website=Mixmag}}</ref>
=== Other ===
In 2005, Del Naja organised and performed at a charity concert in [[Bristol]] for [[2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami|Tsunami]] Relief with Adrian Utley and [[Geoff Barrow]] of [[Portishead (band)|Portishead]]. The two-night event featured Massive Attack, Portishead, [[Robert Plant]], [[the Coral]] and Albarn.{{citation needed|date=August 2020}}
In March 2018, following the [[Facebook–Cambridge Analytica data scandal]], Massive Attack suspended their Facebook page, stating: "In light of Facebook’s continued disregard for your privacy, their lack of transparency and disregard for accountability – Massive Attack will be temporarily withdrawing."<ref>{{cite web|date=21 March 2018|title=Massive Attack leave Facebook following Cambridge Analytica scandal|url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/massive-attack-leave-facebook-following-cambridge-analytica-scandal-2270845|access-date=17 September 2018|website=Nme.com}}</ref>
==Band members==
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
'''Current members'''
* [[Robert Del Naja|Robert "3D" Del Naja]] – vocals, keyboards, guitars, programmer, arranger, producer, mixer (1988–present)
* [[Daddy G|Grant "Daddy G" Marshall]] – vocals, keyboards, guitars, programmer, producer (1988–2001, 2005–present)
* [[Tricky (musician)|Adrian "Tricky" Thaws]] – vocals, keyboards, bass, producer (1988–1995, 2016–present)
'''Former members'''
* [[Andrew Vowles|Andrew "Mushroom" Vowles]] – keyboards, drums, turntables, arranger, producer, mixer, programmer (1988–1999)
* [[Neil Davidge]] – bass, guitars, drums, keyboards, piano, occasional backing vocals (1998–2012)
* [[Horace Andy]] – vocals (1990–2011; touring member 2011–present)
* [[Shara Nelson]] – vocals (1990–1994)
* [[Tracey Thorn]] – vocals, guitars (1994–1996)
* [[Stephanie Dosen]] – vocals, guitars (2008–2010)
'''Touring members'''
* Deborah Miller – vocals, percussion (1990–present)
* Winston Blissett – bass guitar (1995–present)
* [[Elizabeth Fraser]] – vocals (1998–present)
* [[Damon Reece]] – drums (2006–present)
* Julien Brown – electronic drums (2009–present)
* [[Horace Andy]] – vocals (2011–present; official member 1990–2011)
* Euan Dickinson – keyboards, synthesizers, samples (2016–present)
* [[Alex Lee (musician)|Alex Lee]] – guitars (2019–present)
'''Former touring members'''
* [[Angelo Bruschini]] – guitars (1995–2023; his death)
* Andrew Smalls – drums, electronic drums (1995–2008)
* Kwame Boaten – bass (1996–1999)
* Michael Timothy – keyboards, synthesizers, samples (1998)
* [[Dot Allison]] – vocals, guitar (2003)
* Arden Hart – keyboards (2003, 2006)
* [[Lucy Wilkins]] – violin, keyboards (2003)
* Hazel Fernandez – vocals (2004)
* [[Yola (singer)|Yolanda Quartey]] – vocals (2004)
* John Baggott - keyboards, synthesizers, samples (2008–2010)
* [[Azekel]] – vocals (2016)
{{col-end}}
===Timeline===
<timeline>
ImageSize = width:800 height:auto barincrement:18
PlotArea = left:140 bottom:100 top:0 right:20
Alignbars = justify
DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy
Period = from:01/01/1988 till:31/12/2023
TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal format:yyyy
Legend = orientation:vertical position:bottom columns:4
ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:5 start:01/01/1988
ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:1 start:01/01/1988
Colors =
id:vocals value:red legend:Vocals
id:guitars value:green legend:Guitars
id:keys value:purple legend:Keyboards
id:bass value:blue legend:Bass
id:DJ value:lavender legend:Turntables
id:drums value:orange legend:Drums
id:album value:black legend:Album
id:ep value:gray(0.5) legend:EP
Linedata=
layer:back
color:Album
at:08/04/1991
at:26/09/1994
at:20/04/1998
at:10/02/2003
at:08/02/2010
color:EP
at:04/10/2009
at:28/01/2016
at:10/07/2020
BarData =
bar:DelNaja text:"Robert Del Naja"
bar:Marshall text:"Grant Marshall"
bar:Vowles text:"Andrew Vowles"
bar:Thaws text:"Adrian 'Tricky' Thaws"
bar:Davidge text:"Neil Davidge"
bar:Andy text:"Horace Andy"
bar:Nelson text:"Shara Nelson"
bar:Thorn text:"Tracey Thorn"
bar:Dosen text:"Stephanie Dosen"
PlotData =
width:11
bar:DelNaja from:01/01/1988 Till:end color:vocals
bar:DelNaja from:01/01/1988 Till:end color:keys width:7
bar:DelNaja from:01/01/1988 Till:end color:guitars width:3
bar:Thaws from:01/01/1988 Till:20/02/1995 color:vocals
bar:Thaws from:01/01/1988 Till:20/02/1995 color:bass width:3
bar:Thaws from:01/01/1988 Till:20/02/1995 color:keys width:7
bar:Thaws from:01/01/2016 Till:end color:keys width:7
bar:Thaws from:01/01/2016 Till:end color:vocals
bar:Thaws from:01/01/2016 Till:end color:bass width:3
bar:Marshall from:01/01/1988 Till:21/01/2001 color:keys
bar:Marshall from:01/01/1988 Till:21/01/2001 color:guitars width:7
bar:Marshall from:01/01/1988 Till:21/01/2001 color:vocals width:3
bar:Marshall from:21/12/2005 Till:end color:keys
bar:Marshall from:21/12/2005 Till:end color:guitars width:7
bar:Marshall from:21/12/2005 Till:end color:vocals width:3
bar:Vowles from:01/01/1988 Till:31/12/1999 color:drums
bar:Vowles from:01/01/1988 Till:31/12/1999 color:keys width:3
bar:Vowles from:01/01/1988 Till:31/12/1999 color:DJ width:7
bar:Davidge from:31/03/1998 Till:30/04/2012 color:keys
bar:Davidge from:31/03/1998 Till:30/04/2012 color:guitars width:7
bar:Davidge from:31/03/1998 Till:30/04/2012 color:drums width:3
bar:Davidge from:31/03/1998 Till:30/04/2012 color:bass width:5
bar:Andy from:01/01/1990 Till:30/04/2011 color:vocals
bar:Dosen from:01/06/2008 Till:30/11/2010 color:vocals
bar:Dosen from:01/06/2008 Till:30/11/2010 color:guitars width:3
bar:Thorn from:01/01/1994 Till:02/02/1995 color:vocals
bar:Thorn from:01/01/1994 Till:02/02/1995 color:guitars width:3
bar:Nelson from:01/01/1990 Till:31/12/1993 color:vocals
</timeline>
==Discography==
{{Main|Massive Attack discography}}
* ''[[Blue Lines]]'' (1991)
* ''[[Protection (Massive Attack album)|Protection]]'' (1994)
* ''[[Mezzanine (album)|Mezzanine]]'' (1998)
* ''[[100th Window]]'' (2003)
* ''[[Heligoland (album)|Heligoland]]'' (2010)
==Awards and nominations==
===Billboard Music Awards===
The [[Billboard Music Award|''Billboard'' Music Awards]] honor artists for commercial performance in the U.S., based on record charts published by ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.billboardmusicawards.com/about/ |title=About {{!}} Billboard Music Awards |publisher=[[Billboard Music Award]] |access-date=August 20, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150512143325/http://www.billboardmusicawards.com/about/ |archive-date=12 May 2015 }}</ref> The awards are based on sales data by [[Nielsen SoundScan]] and radio information by [[Nielsen Broadcast Data Systems]].<ref>{{cite magazine|title=50 Cent, Green Day Reap Major Billboard Music Awards |url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/60427/50-cent-green-day-reap-major-billboard-music-awards |access-date=August 20, 2015 |magazine=Billboard |date=December 7, 2005 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304105552/http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/60427/50-cent-green-day-reap-major-billboard-music-awards |archive-date=March 4, 2016 }}</ref> The award ceremony was held from 1990 to 2007, until its reintroduction in 2011.<ref>{{cite web|last=Grein |first=Paul |title=Billboard Music Awards Predictions: Sure Things and Oddities |url=https://www.yahoo.com/music/billboard-music-awards-predictions-sure-c1431468392160/photo-top-billboard-200-album-photo-1431468208131.html |publisher=Yahoo! |access-date=August 20, 2015 |date=May 13, 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150630184810/https://www.yahoo.com/music/billboard-music-awards-predictions-sure-c1431468392160/photo-top-billboard-200-album-photo-1431468208131.html |archive-date=June 30, 2015 }}</ref>
{{award table}}
|-
| rowspan=2|2003
| Massive Attack
| Top Electronic Artist
| {{nom}}
|-
| ''[[100th Window]]''
| Top Electronic Album
|{{nom}}
{{end}}
===D&AD Awards===
[[D&AD|Design and Art Direction]] (''D&AD'') is a British educational [[Charitable organization|charity]] which exists to promote excellence in [[design]] and [[advertising]].
{{award table}}
|-
| rowspan="3"| 1999
| rowspan="2"| "[[Teardrop (song)|Teardrop]]"
| Direction
| {{won|place=Gold|Yellow Pencil}}
|-
| Special Effects
| {{won|place=Bronze|Wood Pencil}}
|-
| ''Massive Attack – Teaser''
| Music Packaging and Print Promotion/Promotional Poster
| {{won|place=Gold|Yellow Pencil}}
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2011
| "[[Splitting the Atom]]"
| Music Video
| {{won|place=Bronze|Wood Pencil}}
|-
| "Atlas Air"
| Animation
| {{won|place=Silver|Graphite Pencil}}
{{end}}
===Denmark GAFFA Awards===
Delivered since 1991. The [[Gaffa (magazine)#GAFFA Awards|''GAFFA'' Awards]] (Danish: GAFFA Prisen) are a Danish award that rewards popular music awarded by the magazine of the same name.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gaffa.dk/nyhed/8752|title=GAFFA-prisen 1991-2006 – se vinderne|website=Gaffa.dk|access-date=24 June 2021|archive-date=22 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322005055/https://gaffa.dk/nyhed/8752|url-status=dead}}</ref>
{{award table}}
|-
| rowspan=2|1999
| ''[[Mezzanine (album)|Mezzanine]]''
| Best Foreign Album
| {{nom}}
|-
| "[[Teardrop (song)|Teardrop]]"
| Best Foreign Music Video
| {{won}}
{{end}}
===Edison Awards===
The [[Edison Award]] is an annual Dutch music prize, awarded for outstanding achievements in the music industry. It is one of the oldest music awards in the world, having been presented since 1960.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.edisons.nl/pop/edities/|publisher=[[Edison Award]]|title=Edities – Edison Pop|language=nl|trans-title=Editions - Edison Pop|access-date=23 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915213754/http://www.edisons.nl/pop/edities/|archive-date=15 September 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{award table}}
|-
| 1992
| rowspan=2|Themselves
| Best International Dance/Hip-Hop
| {{won}}
|-
| 1999
| Best International Group
| {{won}}
{{end}}
===Fryderyk===
The [[Fryderyk]] is an annual award ceremony in Poland, presented by the [[Polish Society of the Phonographic Industry|Związek Producentów Audio Video]], the IFPI Poland, since 1994.
{{award table}}
|-
| 1998
| ''[[Mezzanine (album)|Mezzanine]]''
| Best Foreign Album
| {{nom}}
{{end}}
===Hungarian Music Awards===
[[Hungarian Music Awards]] is the national music awards of Hungary, held every year since 1992 and promoted by Mahasz.
{{award table}}
|-
| 1999
| ''[[Mezzanine (album)|Mezzanine]]''
| New Trend Album of the Year
| {{nom}}
|-
| 2011
| ''[[Heligoland (album)|Heligoland]]''
| Alternative Music Album of the Year
| {{nom}}
{{end}}
===International Dance Music Awards===
The [[International Dance Music Award]] was established in 1985. It is a part of the Winter Music Conference, a weeklong electronic music event held annually.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wintermusicconference.com/about/aboutwmc/ |title=About WMC |access-date=20 August 2015 |publisher=Winter Music Conference |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150904080330/http://wintermusicconference.com/about/aboutwmc/ |archive-date=4 September 2015 }}</ref>
{{award table}}
|-
| 2011
| "[[Four Walls / Paradise Circus|Paradise Circus]]"
| Best Underground Dance Track
| {{nom}}
{{end}}
===Ivor Novello Awards===
The [[Ivor Novello Awards]] are awarded for [[songwriting]] and [[Musical composition|composing]]. The awards, named after the [[Cardiff]] born entertainer [[Ivor Novello]], are presented annually in London by the [[British Academy of Songwriters, Composers and Authors]] (BASCA).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ivorsacademy.com/awards/the-ivors/archive/|title=Archive | The Ivors | The Ivors Academy | Champions of Music Creators|website=The Ivors Academy}}</ref>
{{award table}}
|-
| 2009
| Themselves
| Outstanding Contribution to British Music
| {{won}}
{{end}}
===MTV Europe Music Awards===
The [[MTV Europe Music Awards]] were established in 1994 by MTV Europe to celebrate the most popular music videos in Europe. Massive Attack has received two awards from three nominations.
{{awards table}}
|-
| [[1995 MTV Europe Music Awards|1995]] || "[[Protection (Massive Attack song)|Protection]]" || Best Video || {{won}}
|-
| rowspan="2"| [[1998 MTV Europe Music Awards|1998]] || "[[Teardrop (song)|Teardrop]]" || Best Video ||{{won}}
|-
| ''[[Mezzanine (album)|Mezzanine]]'' || Best Album || {{nom}}
|-
{{end}}
===NME Awards===
The [[NME Awards|''NME'' Awards]] are annual music awards show founded by the music magazine ''[[NME]]''.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Lipshutz|first=Jason|title=5 Seconds of Summer Celebrates Winning 'Worst Band' Award|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop-shop/6479853/5-seconds-of-summer-nme-worst-band-award|access-date=July 6, 2015|magazine=Billboard|date=August 22, 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150623073429/http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop-shop/6479853/5-seconds-of-summer-nme-worst-band-award|archive-date=June 23, 2015}}</ref>
{{award table}}
|-
| rowspan=3|1999<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rocklistmusic.co.uk/1999.html|title=Rocklist.net...NME End Of Year Lists 1999...|website=Rocklistmusic.co.uk}}</ref>
| Themselves
| Best Group
| {{nom}}
|-
| ''[[Mezzanine (album)|Mezzanine]]''
| Best Album
| {{nom}}
|-
| "[[Teardrop (song)|Teardrop]]"
| Best Single
| {{nom}}
|-
| 2000<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rocklistmusic.co.uk/2000.html|title=Rocklist.net...NME End Of Year Lists 2000...|website=Rocklistmusic.co.uk}}</ref>
| "[[Unfinished Sympathy]]"
| Best Ever Single
| {{nom}}
{{end}}
===Q Awards===
The [[Q Awards]] is the UK's annual music awards held by music magazine ''[[Q (magazine)|Q]]'' for excellence in music. Massive Attack has received two awards from two nominations.
{{awards table}}
|-
|rowspan="1"| 1998 || ''[[Mezzanine (album)|Mezzanine]]'' || Best Album<ref>{{ cite web | url=http://www.everyhit.com/awardq.html | title=The Q Awards 1990–2004 Results|website=Everyhit.com|access-date=17 September 2014}}</ref> || {{won}}
|-
|rowspan="1"| [[Q Awards#2008|2008]] || Massive Attack || Innovation in Sound Award || {{won}}
|-
{{end}}
===Brit Awards===
[[The Brit Awards]] are the [[British Phonographic Industry]]'s annual pop music awards.
{{awards table}}
|-
|rowspan="2"| [[1996 BRIT Awards|1996]] || "[[Protection (Massive Attack song)|Protection]]" ||Best British Video || {{nom}}
|-
| Massive Attack || Best British Dance Act || {{won}}
|-
|rowspan="5"| [[1999 BRIT Awards|1999]] || ''[[Mezzanine (album)|Mezzanine]]'' || MasterCard British Album || {{nom}}
|-
|rowspan="2"| "[[Teardrop (song)|Teardrop]]" || Best British Single || {{nom}}
|-
| Best British Video || {{nom}}
|-
|rowspan="2"| Massive Attack || Best British Group || {{nom}}
|-
| Best British Dance Act || {{nom}}
|-
{{end}}
===UK Music Video Awards===
The '''UK Music Video Awards''' is an annual celebration of creativity, technical excellence and [[innovation]] in music video and moving image for music.
{{awards table}}
|-
|rowspan="3"| 2010 || "[[Four Walls / Paradise Circus|Paradise Circus]]" || rowspan="2"| Best Dance Video || {{nom}}
|-
|rowspan="2"| "[[Splitting the Atom]]" || {{nom}}
|-
| Best Animation in a Video || {{nom}}
|-
|rowspan="2"| 2011 || rowspan="2"| "Atlas Air" || Best Animation in a Video || {{nom}}
|-
| Best Visual Effects in a Video || {{nom}}
|-
{{end}}
===Viva Comet Awards===
[[:de:Comet (Musikpreis)|VIVA Comet Awards]] were an annual awards ceremony, organised by [[VIVA Germany]].
{{award table}}
|-
| 1995
| Massive Attack
| Best Avantgarde Act
| {{won}}
{{end}}
===Žebřík Music Awards===
{{award table}}
!Ref.
|-
| 1998
| "[[Teardrop (song)|Teardrop]]"
| Best International Video
| {{nom}}
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.anketazebrik.cz/historie/2003-1997/|title = 2003-1997 – Anketa Žebřík}}</ref>
|-
| 2006
| ''[[Collected (Massive Attack album)|Collected]]''
| Best International Music DVD
| {{nom}}
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.anketazebrik.cz/historie/2010-2004/|title=2010-2004 – Anketa Žebřík|website=Anketazebrik.cz|access-date=28 September 2021}}</ref>
{{end}}
==Notes==
{{noteslist}}
==Bibliography==
Chemam, Melissa, ''Massive Attack: Out of the Comfort Zone'', Tangent Books (2019) {{ISBN|1910089729}}, {{ISBN|978-1910089729}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
{{commons category|Massive Attack}}
* {{Official website}}
* {{discogs artist}}
* {{imdb name|1039315}}
* [https://www.amazon.co.uk/Massive-Attack-Out-Comfort-Zone/dp/1910089729 'Massive Attack: Out of the Comfort Zone']
{{Massive Attack}}
{{Brit Dance Act}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Brit Award winners]]
[[Category:MTV Europe Music Award winners]]
[[Category:English electronic music groups]]
[[Category:Musical groups from Bristol]]
[[Category:Musical groups established in 1988]]
[[Category:Trip hop groups]]
[[Category:English musical trios]]
[[Category:Virgin Records artists]]
[[Category:Musical collectives]]
[[Category:British environmentalists]]
[[Category:Political music groups]]
[[Category:1988 establishments in England]]
[[Category:Environmental musical artists]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext) | '{{Short description|English trip hop group}}
{{About||the Nicki Minaj song|Massive Attack (song)}}
{{pp-move-indef}}
{{Use British English|date=February 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2018}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Massive Attack
| image = Massive Attack, Saint-Petersburg, 2010-09-26 (cropped).jpg
| caption = [[Robert Del Naja|3D]] and [[Daddy G]] performing in [[Saint Petersburg]], Russia in 2010
| alt = The band onstage
| landscape = yes
| background = group_or_band
| alias = Massive{{efn|The group was temporarily known simply as "Massive" in 1991 (for the release of "[[Unfinished Sympathy]]" and some editions of ''[[Blue Lines]]'') due to the [[Gulf War]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Cool Appeal of Massive Attack|work=[[BBC News]] Entertainment|date=27 February 2003|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/2804975.stm|access-date=25 March 2019}}</ref>}}
| origin = [[Bristol]],{{fact}}<nowiki> [[England], UK</nowiki>
| years_active = 1988–present
| genre = <!-- Do not add unsourced genres -->{{hlist|[[Trip hop]]|[[Electronic music|electronic]]}}
| label = {{hlist|Wild Bunch|Circa|[[Virgin Records|Virgin]]}}
| website = [http://www.massiveattack.co.uk/ massiveattack.co.uk]
| spinoff_of = [[The Wild Bunch (sound system)|The Wild Bunch]]
| current_members = {{plainlist|
* [[Robert Del Naja|Robert "3D" Del Naja]]<ref name="signs">https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/banksy-robert-del-naja-massive-attack-art-who-is-he-identity-real-name-graffiti-music-similarities-a7805741.html</ref>
* [[Tricky (musician)|Adrian "Tricky" Thaws]]
* [[Daddy G|Grant "Daddy G" Marshall]]}}
| past_members = {{plainlist|
* [[Andrew Vowles|Andrew "Mushroom" Vowles]]
* [[Neil Davidge]]
* [[Horace Andy]]
* [[Stephanie Dosen]]
* [[Tracey Thorn]]
* [[Shara Nelson]]
}}
}}
'''Massive Attack''' are<!-- This article uses British English, which uses the plural form of grammar whilst referring to rock bands. Please see WP:ENGVAR for more information. --> an English [[trip hop]] collective formed in 1988 in [[Bristol]] by [[Robert Del Naja|Robert "3D" Del Naja]], [[Tricky (musician)|Adrian "Tricky" Thaws]], [[Andrew Vowles|Andrew "Mushroom" Vowles]], and [[Daddy G|Grant "Daddy G" Marshall]]. The group currently consists of Del Naja "3D", Thaws "Tricky", and Marshall "Daddy G".
The debut Massive Attack album, ''[[Blue Lines]]'', was released in 1991. The single "[[Unfinished Sympathy]]" was a chart hit in Europe, including number one on the [[Dutch Top 40]], and was later voted the 63rd-greatest song of all time in a poll by ''[[NME]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nme.com/photos/the-500-greatest-songs-of-all-time-100-1/330996/37/1|title= The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time: 63. Massive Attack – 'Unfinished Sympathy' (1991, Virgin)|work=NME|access-date=17 September 2014}}</ref> Their 1994 sophomore album [[Protection (Massive Attack album)|''Protection'']] debuted at number four in the UK.
The band reached number one on the [[UK Albums Chart]] with 1998's ''[[Mezzanine (album)|Mezzanine]]'' and 2003's ''[[100th Window]].'' The former contains "[[Teardrop (song)|Teardrop]]", a top 10 single in the UK which earned further recognition as the opening theme to the American television series [[House (TV series)|''House'']].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Melchior |first=Al |date=2024-06-13 |title=The Story Behind "Teardrop" by Massive Attack and How It's Connected to a Pair of Music Legends and a Popular TV Show |url=https://americansongwriter.com/the-story-behind-teardrop-by-massive-attack-and-how-its-connected-to-music-legends-and-a-popular-tv-show/ |access-date=2024-08-31 |website=American Songwriter |language=en-US}}</ref> Both ''Blue Lines'' and ''Mezzanine'' feature in ''[[Rolling Stone]]''{{'}}s list of the [[Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time|500 Greatest Albums of All Time]].<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/500-greatest-albums-of-all-time-20120531/massive-attack-blue-lines-19691231 |title=500 Greatest Albums of All Time: Blue Lines – Massive Attack |magazine=Rolling Stone |access-date=17 September 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120718091303/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/500-greatest-albums-of-all-time-20120531/massive-attack-blue-lines-19691231 |archive-date=18 July 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rockonthenet.com/archive/2003/rs500albums5.htm|title=500 Greatest Albums of All Time: Mezzanine – Massive Attack |website= Rockonthenet.com|access-date=17 September 2014}}</ref>
The group have collaborated with several recurring guest vocalists, including [[Horace Andy]], [[Tracey Thorn]], [[Elizabeth Fraser]], [[Sinéad O'Connor]] and [[Hope Sandoval]].
Massive Attack's awards include a [[Brit Award]] for Best British Dance Act, two [[MTV Europe Music Awards]], and two [[Q Awards]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.brits.co.uk/artist/massive-attack|title=Massive Attack: BRITs Profile|publisher=Brit Awards|access-date=17 September 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141008074914/http://www.brits.co.uk/artist/massive-attack|archive-date=8 October 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.metrolyrics.com/massive-attack-awards-featured.html|title=Awards & Features: Massive Attack|website=Metrolyrics.com|access-date=17 September 2014|archive-date=1 August 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130801120209/http://www.metrolyrics.com/massive-attack-awards-featured.html|url-status=unfit}}</ref> Their five studio albums have sold over 13 million copies worldwide.<ref name="auto">{{Cite book|title=Massive Attack: Out Of The Comfort Zone|first=Melissa|last=Chemam|date=4 March 2019|id={{ASIN|1910089729|country=uk}}}}</ref> Massive Attack are also known for supporting several political, human rights and [[Environmentalism in music|environmental]] causes.
==History==
Deejays Daddy G, Andrew Vowles, musician and rapper Tricky, and [[graffiti]] artist-turned-[[rapping|rapper]] Robert Del Naja met as members of partying collective [[The Wild Bunch (sound system)|the Wild Bunch]]. One of the first homegrown [[Sound system (DJ)|soundsystems]] in the UK, the Wild Bunch became dominant on the Bristol club scene in the mid-1980s.<ref name="auto"/>
Massive Attack started as a spin-off production quartet in 1988, with the [[Independent music|independently]] released song, "Any Love", sung by [[falsetto]]-voiced singer-songwriter [[Carlton (singer)|Carlton McCarthy]], and then they signed to Circa Records<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.allbusiness.com/retail-trade/miscellaneous-retail-retail-stores-not/4629212-1.html |title=Virgin Anniversary Salute: The U.S.: Co-presidents Cooper And Newton Are An Illustrious Pair Who Travel Well And Know Their Places |publisher=Billboard (as found at allbusiness.com) |date=5 September 1998 |access-date=26 May 2009 |last=Henderson |first=Richard |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100827221134/http://www.allbusiness.com/retail-trade/miscellaneous-retail-retail-stores-not/4629212-1.html |archive-date=27 August 2010 }}</ref> in 1990—committing to deliver six studio albums and a "best of" [[compilation album|compilation]]. Circa became a subsidiary of, and was later subsumed into, [[Virgin Records]], which in turn was acquired by [[EMI]].<ref name=allmusicbio>{{Cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/massive-attack-mn0000378288/biography|title=Massive Attack | Biography & History|website=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=7 October 2019}}</ref><ref name=timedigital>{{cite news|url=http://www.time.com/time/digital/cyberelite/39.html |title=Cyber Elite – Massive Attack |publisher=Time Digital |access-date=20 May 2009 |date=5 October 1998 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100327033621/http://www.time.com/time/digital/cyberelite/39.html |archive-date=27 March 2010 }}</ref> ''Blue Lines'' (1991), was co-produced by [[Jonny Dollar]] and [[Cameron McVey]], McVey also became their first manager.<ref name=brandplayson>{{cite news|url=https://www.smh.com.au/articles/2003/02/14/1044927795994.html|title=The brand plays on|newspaper=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]|date=15 February 2003|access-date=20 May 2009}}</ref> McVey (credited at the time as 'Booga Bear') and his wife, [[Neneh Cherry]], provided crucial financial support and in-kind assistance to the early careers of Massive Attack, [[Portishead (band)|Portishead]], and [[Tricky (musician)|Tricky]] during this period, even paying regular wages to them through their Cherry Bear organisation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://67.222.54.247/33//2007/01/interview-with-cameron-booga-bear-mcvey.html|title=Interview with Cameron 'Booga Bear' McVey|publisher=Reseize|date=15 January 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110705234710/http://67.222.54.247/33//2007/01/interview-with-cameron-booga-bear-mcvey.html|archive-date=5 July 2011}}</ref> Massive Attack used guest vocalists, interspersed with their own ''[[sprechgesang]]'' stylings, on top of what became regarded as an essentially British creative sampling production; a trademark sound that fused [[hip hop music|hip hop]], [[soul music|soul]], [[reggae]] and other eclectic references, both musical and lyrical.<ref name=allmusicbio/>
In the 1990s, the members worked increasingly separately. [[Tricky (musician)|Adrian "Tricky" Thaws]] left Massive Attack in 1995 and [[Andrew Vowles]] (Mushroom) left Massive Attack in late 1999. Despite having taken Del Naja's side and participating in a webcast as a duo the following year, Grant Marshall (Daddy G) took a personal break in 2001. Marshall rejoined the band for their following tour in 2003 and 2004,<ref name=lynskey>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2007/feb/06/popandrock.features11|title=Massive Attack talk to Dorian Lynskey|work=The Guardian|date=6 February 2007|access-date=20 May 2009|last=Lynskey|first=Dorian| location=London}}</ref> and returned to a studio role in 2005. Thaws also rejoined Massive Attack in early 2016.
===''Any Love'' beginnings===
Unsigned, Mushroom (Andy Vowles), Daddy G (Grant Marshall), 3D (Robert Del Naja) and Tricky (Adrian Thaws) put out "Any Love" as a single,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eil.com/shop/ExtSearch.asp?DiscArtist=Massive-Attack|title=Massive Attack Discography – Page 1|website=Eil.com|quote=Any Love (Mega rare 1988 UK self released debut 2-track 12" on Massive Attack Records, includes Bonus Version, stickered sleeve MASS001)|access-date=22 May 2009}}</ref> co-produced by Bristol double-act [[Smith & Mighty]].
===''Blue Lines'' and "Unfinished Sympathy"===
{{Main|Blue Lines}}
[[File:Robert Del Naja@Barcelone-crop.jpg|thumb|[[Robert Del Naja]] at Barcelona 2007]]
3D co-wrote Neneh Cherry's "Manchild",<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/music/reviews/vhvr|title=BBC – Music – Review of Neneh Cherry Raw Like Sushi|publisher=BBC|quote=The offbeat, ambient ballad Manchild (co-written with Massive Attack's 3D)|date=9 January 2009|access-date=22 May 2009|last=Taylor|first=Angus}}</ref> which peaked at number 5 in the UK single chart.<ref>{{cite web|title=Neneh Cherry|url=http://www.officialcharts.com/artist/25198/neneh-cherry/|publisher=Official Charts|access-date=13 September 2016}}</ref> Cameron McVey and Neneh Cherry helped them to record their first LP, ''Blue Lines'', partly in their house, and the album was released in 1991 on Virgin Records.<ref name="allmusic-bluelines">{{cite web|url={{AllMusic|class=album|id=r12541|pure_url=yes}}|title=allmusic ((( Blue Lines > Overview )))|website=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=22 May 2009|last=Bush|first=John}}</ref>
The album used vocalists including [[Horace Andy]] and [[Shara Nelson]], a former Wild Bunch cohort.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://humag.co/features/massive-attack|title=Features|website=Humag.co|access-date=25 November 2020}}</ref> MC's Tricky and Willie Wee, also once part of the Wild Bunch, featured, as well as Daddy G's voice on "Five Man Army". Neneh Cherry sang backing vocals on environmentalist anthem, "Hymn of the Big Wheel".<ref name="allmusic-bluelines" />
That year they released "[[Unfinished Sympathy]]" as a single, a string-arranged track at [[Abbey Road Studios|Abbey Road]] studio, scored by [[Will Malone]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nme.com/artists/andrea-parker|title=Andrea Parker|work=NME|quote=Will Malone, who had worked on horror film soundtracks and Massive Attack's classic "Unfinished Sympathy".|access-date=22 May 2009}}</ref> that went on to be voted the 10th greatest song of all time in a poll by ''[[The Guardian]]''.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/1999/nov/08/millennium.uk1|title=How Robbie headed Amadeus in the race to be music's man of the millennium|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|date=8 November 1999|quote=Best song: 10. Unfinished Sympathy – Massive Attack. |access-date=22 May 2009|last=Wells|first=Matt| location=London}}</ref>
The group temporarily shortened their name to "Massive" on the advice of McVey to avoid controversy relating to the [[Gulf War]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/radio2/soldonsong/whatson/unfinishedsympathy.shtml|title=BBC – Radio 2 – Sold on Song – Brits25 – Unfinished Sympathy|publisher=BBC|quote=Reaching number thirteen in the UK in 1991, Unfinished Sympathy was released under the group name Massive, due to the Gulf War of the same year|access-date=22 May 2009}}</ref> They returned to being "Massive Attack" for their next single, "[[Safe from Harm (song)|Safe from Harm]]".
===''Protection'' and Melankolic===
{{Main|Protection (Massive Attack album)}}
After Shara Nelson left, the band brought in [[Everything but the Girl]]'s [[Tracey Thorn]]<ref name="allmusicbio" /> and [[Nicolette (musician)|Nicolette]] as vocalists and released "Protection" on 26 September 1994.
With McVey out of the picture, Massive Attack enlisted the production talents of former Wild Bunch [[Nellee Hooper]] to co-produce some songs on it, with Mushroom. Other tracks were co-produced by [[the Insects]] and 3D. A dub version, ''[[No Protection (Massive Attack album)|No Protection]]'', was released the following year by [[Mad Professor]]. ''Protection'' won a [[Brit Awards|Brit award]] for Best Dance Act.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newsfinder.org/site/more/massive_attack/|title=Massive Attack presented in Music section|website=Newsfinder.org|access-date=22 May 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090605081654/http://www.newsfinder.org/site/more/massive_attack/|archive-date=5 June 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref> The other collaborators on ''Protection'' were [[Marius de Vries]], [[Craig Armstrong (composer)|Craig Armstrong]],<ref name="lynskey" /> a Scottish classical pianist, and Tricky. Tricky's solo career was taking off at this time and he decided not to collaborate with Massive Attack after this.<ref name="allmusicbio" />
1994-95 was also the period of Portishead's ''[[Dummy (album)|Dummy]]'' and Tricky's ''[[Maxinquaye]]'' albums and the term "trip hop" was coined.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/05/28/arts/pop-view-another-city-another-new-sound.html|title=POP VIEW; Another City, Another New Sound|work=The New York Times|date=28 May 1995|access-date=22 May 2009|last=Reynolds|first=Simon}}</ref> The media started to refer to the "Bristol scene".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/radio1/maryannehobbs/bristol.shtml|title=Bristol: Rise Up|publisher=BBC|access-date=22 May 2009|last=Slinger|first=Benjamin}}</ref>
In 1995, Massive Attack started a label distributed by Virgin/EMI, Melankolic, and signed Craig Armstrong and a number of other artists such as Horace Andy, [[Lewis Parker (band)|Lewis Parker]], [[Alpha (band)|Alpha]], [[Sunna (band)|Sunna]], and [[Day One (band)|Day One]]. The group espoused a non-interference philosophy that allowed the artists to make their albums in the way they wanted.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://melankolic.astralwerks.com/ |title=This is melankolic records |access-date=22 May 2009|archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20030210154818/http://melankolic.astralwerks.com/ |archive-date = 10 February 2003}}</ref>
The same year the Insects became unavailable for co-production and having parted ways with Nellee Hooper, the band were introduced to [[Neil Davidge]],<ref name="bbcinterview">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/collective/A963542|title=BBC – collective – Massive Attack interview transcript part 3|publisher=BBC|access-date=22 May 2009}}</ref> a relatively unknown producer whose main claim to fame thus far had been an association with anonymous dance-pop outfit [[The DNA Disciples|DNA]]. The first track they worked on was "The Hunter Gets Captured by the Game", a cover version sung by Tracey Thorn for the [[Batman Forever (soundtrack)|''Batman Forever'' soundtrack]]. Initially, Davidge was brought in as engineer, but soon became producer.<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Humberstone |first1=Nigel |title=Neil Davidge: Recording 100th Window |url=https://www.soundonsound.com/people/neil-davidge-recording-100th-window |magazine=Sound on Sound |access-date=15 July 2018}}</ref>
The group increasingly fractured in the lead-up to the third album, Davidge having to co-produce the three producers' ideas separately. Mushroom was reported to be unhappy with the degree of the post-punk direction in which Del Naja, increasingly filling the production vacuum, was taking the band.<ref name="bbcinterview" />
In 1997, the group contributed to the [[The Jackal (soundtrack)|film soundtrack]] of ''[[The Jackal (1997 film)|The Jackal]]'', recording "Superpredators (Metal Postcard)", a song containing a sample of [[Siouxsie and the Banshees]]' "[[Mittageisen]]"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.inflightdata.com/superpredators.html|title=Massive Attack|website=Inflightdata.com|access-date=17 September 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713030438/http://www.inflightdata.com/superpredators.html|archive-date=13 July 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref> and "Dissolved Girl", a new song with vocals by Sarah Jay (that was later remixed for the next album), which was featured at the beginning of the 1999 film ''[[The Matrix]]'', although it was not on the official soundtrack.
Later that year they released a single, "[[Risingson]]", from what would be their third album, ''[[Mezzanine (album)|Mezzanine]]''.<ref name="allmusic-mezzanine">{{cite web|url={{AllMusic|class=album|id=r348738|pure_url=yes}}|title=allmusic ((( Mezzanine > Overview )))|website=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=22 May 2009|last=Bush|first=John}}</ref>
===''Mezzanine'', "Teardrop", Vowles's departure and Marshall's absence===
{{Main|Mezzanine (album)}}
In 1997, Del Naja became the band's main producer in the recording sessions that made ''Mezzanine'', Massive Attack's most commercially successful album,<ref name="dazeddigital.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.dazeddigital.com/music/article/40387/1/massive-attack-mezzanine-20th-birthday-retrospective|title=Massive Attack's Mezzanine and the death of the multicultural dream|date=16 June 2018|website=Dazeddigital.com|access-date=25 November 2020}}</ref> selling nearly four million copies. It featured Neil Davidge as a sound engineer and co-producer, and [[Horace Andy]] and [[Elizabeth Fraser]] as the main guest vocalists. During recording, [[Angelo Bruschini]] became their permanent lead guitarist both in the studio and live.<ref name="allmusic-mezzanine" />
The lead single, after "Risingson", was "[[Teardrop (Massive Attack song)|Teardrop]]", sung by [[Elizabeth Fraser]] of [[Cocteau Twins]]. The song was accompanied by a video directed by [[Walter Stern (director)|Walter Stern]], of an [[animatronic]] singing fetus. Horace Andy sang on three songs, including "[[Angel (Massive Attack song)|Angel]]". A track the band made for the film ''[[The Jackal (1997 film)|The Jackal]],'' "Dissolved Girl", sung by Sarah Jay, was remixed for inclusion on the record.
''Mezzanine'' went on to win a [[Q Awards|Q Award]] for Best Album<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.everyhit.com/awardq.html|title=The Q Awards|website=Everyhit.com|access-date=22 May 2009}}</ref> as well as being nominated for a [[Mercury Prize]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=NME|access-date=2019-02-17|title=MERCURY RISING: GOMEZ WIN '98 ALBUM PRIZE|url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/gomez-46-1385994|date=17 August 1998|website=NME}}</ref>
Touring extensively, friction between Mushroom and the others came to a head. Mushroom was unhappy with the direction of the group and having to appear on tour.<ref name="sawyer">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2008/may/11/urbanmusic.culture|title=Massive Attack talk to Miranda Sawyer|work=The Observer|date=11 May 2008|access-date=20 May 2009|last=Sawyer|first=Miranda| location=London}}</ref>
Around this time, Del Naja, with Davidge decamped into Ridge Farm studio with friends and band members of [[Lupine Howl]] (made up of former members of the band [[Spiritualized]], including Damon Reece, who went on to be Massive Attack's permanent drummer and one of two live drummers) towards a fourth Massive Attack LP, taking things even further into a rock direction.<ref name="brandplayson" />
2001 also saw the release of ''Eleven Promos,'' a DVD of Massive Attack's 11 music videos thus far, including "Angel", a £100,000+ promo.<ref>{{cite web|url={{AllMusic|class=album|id=r1215456|pure_url=yes}}|title=allmusic ((( Collected/Rarities/Eleven Promos > Overview )))|website=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=22 May 2009|last=Jurek|first=Thom}}</ref>
===''100th Window'', Marshall's return and ''Collected''===
{{Main|100th Window}}
[[File:Daddy g.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Daddy G|Grant Marshall]] at the [[Eurockéennes]] Festival 2008]]
With Daddy G temporarily no longer involved in the studio, Davidge and Del Naja steered "LP4" on their own. Enlisting the vocals of [[Sinéad O'Connor]] and Horace Andy, ''100th Window'' was mastered in August 2002 and released in February 2003.<ref name=allmusic100thwindow>{{cite web|url={{AllMusic|class=album|id=r620022|pure_url=yes}}|title=allmusic ((( 100th Window > Overview )))|website=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=22 May 2009|last=Bush|first=John}}</ref>
Featuring no samples or cover versions, ''100th Window'' was not as critically well-received in Britain as the other records, although the album received a warmer reception internationally, scoring a 75 out of 100 on review aggregation site [[Metacritic]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.metacritic.com/music/artists/massiveattack/100thwindow?q=massive%20attack|title=100th Window|website=Metacritic.com|access-date=17 September 2014}}</ref>
The group collaborated with [[Mos Def]] on the track "I Against I", which appeared on the "Special Cases" single and the soundtrack for ''[[Blade II]]''. "I Against I" is also notable as the only track from the ''100th Window'' sessions that features a writing credit from Daddy G.
Also in 2003, Del Naja was arrested on allegations involving child pornography, which were reported widely in the media.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2003/feb/27/arts.childprotection|title=Police question musician over child porn|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|date=27 February 2003|access-date=22 May 2009| location=London}}</ref> Del Naja was soon eliminated as a suspect<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.smh.com.au/articles/2003/03/22/1047749989803.html|title=Police clear Massive Attack star in child porn inquiry|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|date=23 March 2003|access-date=22 May 2009|last1=Barnes|first1=Anthony|last2=Marshall|first2=Nina}}</ref> (although he was charged with [[Ecstasy (drug)|ecstasy]] possession and unable to get a U.S. visa for a while) with Daddy G and fans offering their support. The arrest affected the beginning of the ''100th Window'' tour schedule.
''100th Window'' sold over one million copies and was toured extensively (including Queen Square, Bristol—a one-off sell out concert set up in the city centre park, which was seen as a homecoming).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/bristol/content/goingout/2003/08/26/massive_review.shtml|title=BBC – Going Out in Bristol – Massive Attack wow home crowd|publisher=BBC|access-date=20 May 2009}}</ref>
Afterwards, Del Naja and Davidge agreed to an offer from director [[Louis Leterrier]] to score the entire soundtrack for ''[[Unleashed (2005 film)|Danny the Dog]]'', starring [[Jet Li]]. [[Dot Allison]], who had sung with the band on the ''100th Window'' tour, sang the end title track, "Aftersun". Del Naja and Davidge also scored the soundtrack for the ''[[Bullet Boy]]'' film, with Del Naja on the end title vocals.
In 2005, Daddy G started coming into the studio, although little came of the material. He decided to instead work with a production duo, Robot Club, in another studio, feeling that he would be more free to develop tracks in the way he wanted. Meanwhile, Del Naja and Davidge recorded with a number of different singers as well as creating a track named "Twilight", for [[UNKLE]]'s ''[[War Stories (album)|War Stories]]'' album. Later that year, Massive Attack decided to release their contractually obliged compilation album ''[[Collected (Massive Attack album)|Collected]]'' in 2006. They released it with a second disc, made up of previously released non-album songs and unreleased sketches.<ref name=allmusic100thwindow/>
==="Weather Underground" / ''Heligoland'' era===
{{Main|Heligoland (album)}}
In 2007, Del Naja and Davidge scored three soundtracks, ''In Prison My Whole Life'' (which featured a track called "Calling Mumia" with vocals by American rapper [[Snoop Dogg]]), ''[[Battle in Seattle]]'' and ''[[Trouble the Water]].''
In February 2007, Massive Attack hosted a charity benefit for the Hoping Foundation, a charity for [[State of Palestine|Palestinian]] children. In 2008, it was announced that Massive Attack were to curate the UK's Southbank [[Meltdown (festival)|Meltdown]], a week-long event. It was suggested in interviews that this event would inspire Massive Attack back into action, having spent several years drifting towards the completion of their fifth studio album.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2008/feb/15/news.uk|title=Meltdown launches Massive Attack as festival curators|work=The Guardian|date=15 February 2008|access-date=22 May 2009|last=Gibson|first=Owen|location=London}}</ref>
Later that year, Del Naja and Daddy G headed to [[Damon Albarn]]'s studios for some writing and jamming. Around this time, Davidge scored the soundtrack for a [[Paul McGuigan (filmmaker)|Paul McGuigan]] film, ''[[Push (2009 film)|Push]]'' and in December, Del Naja completed the score for ''[[44 Inch Chest]]'' with the Insects and [[Angelo Badalamenti]].
Davidge and Del Naja got back together in 2009 with Daddy G to finish the fifth album, incorporating bits of the Albarn material. Later it was announced that the band were to headline the 2009 [[Bestival]] festival,<ref>{{cite news|title=Kraftwork, Massive Attack to Headline Bestival|url=http://www.gigwise.com/news/49591/kraftwerk-massive-attack-to-headline-bestival|work=Gigwise|access-date=13 September 2016}}</ref> and soon after that they were to tour the UK and Europe. In May, Del Naja's instrumental "Herculaneum", featured in the film ''[[Gomorra (film)|Gomorra]]'', won an Italian award for Best Song. Later that month, Del Naja and Marshall picked up a special [[Ivor Novello Awards|Ivor Novello award]] for Outstanding Contribution to British Music.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/268565/massive-attack-to-return-with-huge-world-tour|title=Massive Attack to Return with Huge World Tour|magazine=Billboard|date=21 May 2009|access-date=25 May 2009}}</ref>
On 29 May 2009, Jonny Dollar died of cancer aged 45, survived by his wife and four children. Dollar was the programmer and hands-on producer behind ''Blue Lines'', writing some of the melodies that were the basis for the string arrangements in "Unfinished Sympathy".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.musicweek.com/story.asp?sectioncode=1&storycode=1037855&c=1|title=Blue Lines producer dies|work=Music Week|access-date=3 June 2009}}</ref>
On 25 August 2009 their new EP, ''[[Splitting the Atom]],'' was announced. The other new tracks on the EP were [[Tunde Adebimpe]]'s "Pray For Rain", [[Martina Topley-Bird]]'s "Psyche" and [[Guy Garvey]]'s "Bulletproof Love". The latter two tracks appear as remixes of the album versions.
The fifth album was released on 12 November 2009, called ''[[Heligoland (album)|Heligoland]],'' after the German [[archipelago]] of [[Heligoland]], after a previous project called "Weather Underground" was abandoned.<ref name="auto"/> Del Naja said "I think it's got definitely a more organic feel".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://suicidegirls.com/interviews/Massive+Attack%3A+Heligoland+/|title=Interview w/ Massive Attack's Robert Del Naja re. Heligoland|website=Suicidegirls.com|access-date=10 March 2010}}</ref> The opening track, "Pray For Rain" featured guest vocals of [[TV on the Radio]]'s Tunde Adebimpe. Damon Albarn, Martina Topley-Bird and [[Mazzy Star]] frontwoman [[Hope Sandoval]] also provide guest vocals on the album. Del Naja said in October 2010, to the Spinner website, that his plans were now for "unorthodox" releases of several EPs in 2011, rather than an album.<ref>{{cite web|last=Bellinger |first=Candy |url=http://www.spinnermusic.co.uk/2010/10/14/massive-attack-north-american-tour/ |title=Celebrity Gossip, latest Celebrity News and Showbiz Gossip | Eleven UK |website=Spinnermusic.co.uk |date=30 May 2011 |access-date=21 August 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728100944/http://www.spinnermusic.co.uk/2010/10/14/massive-attack-north-american-tour/ |archive-date=28 July 2011 }}</ref>
===''Ritual Spirit'' EP, the return of Tricky, and new songs===
In a 2013 interview for his first solo art show since 2008, Del Naja confirmed that not only was new Massive Attack material in the works, but that rumours of a reunion with Tricky were true.<ref name=metrotreunion>{{cite web |url=http://metro.co.uk/2013/05/23/massive-attacks-robert-del-naja-confirms-tricky-reunion-ahead-of-art-show-3804789 |title=Massive Attack's Robert Del Naja confirms Tricky reunion ahead of art show |date=23 May 2013 |publisher=Metro |access-date=2 March 2014}}</ref> Tricky had not been featured on a Massive Attack album since 1994's ''Protection.''
{{blockquote|"The idea is to put a record out next year", he says. "We actually get on really well at the moment because we don't spend time in the studio together", he says with a wry grin. "Me and Tricky wrote some new tracks in Paris last year, which haven't seen the light of day yet – but that was fun. They should be on the next album." |sign= Robert Del Naja, ''Metro'', 23 May 2013<ref name=metrotreunion/> }}
On 5 February 2014, it was confirmed that Massive Attack would headline at Secret Solstice, a new music festival in [[Reykjavík]] in June.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.newsoficeland.com/entertainment/music/item/319-massive-attack-will-perform-at-secret-solstice-in-iceland-next-summer |title=Massive Attack will perform at Secret Solstice in Iceland next summer |publisher=News of Iceland |access-date=2 March 2014 |archive-date=1 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140901183322/http://www.newsoficeland.com/entertainment/music/item/319-massive-attack-will-perform-at-secret-solstice-in-iceland-next-summer |url-status=dead }}</ref> On 21 February 2015, it was confirmed through the Massive Attack Facebook page that they would be collaborating with [[Run the Jewels]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.facebook.com/massiveattack/photos/a.163928704256.143181.19159654256/10153121358429257/?type=1&theater |title=Massive Attack announce collaboration with Run the Jewels | publisher=Massive Attack |access-date=21 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|last1=Peters|first1=Mitchell|title=Run the Jewels In the Studio With Massive Attack|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/the-juice/6480213/run-the-jewels-in-the-studio-with-massive-attack|magazine=Billboard|access-date=27 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Britton|first1=Luke Morgan|title=Run The Jewels working in studio with Massive Attack|url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/run-the-jewels-58-1222041|access-date=27 February 2018|work=NME|date=21 February 2015}}</ref>
On 21 January 2016, the iPhone application "Fantom" was released. The application was developed by a team including Del Naja and let users hear parts of four new songs by remixing them in real time, using the phone's location, movement, clock, heartbeat, and camera.{{Cn|date={{subst:CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{subst:CURRENTYEAR}}}}
On 28 January 2016, Massive Attack released a new EP, ''[[Ritual Spirit]]'', which includes the four songs released on Fantom. The EP was written and produced by Del Naja and new collaborator, Euan Dickinson.
It was their first release since the 2011 ''[[Four Walls / Paradise Circus]]'' collaboration with [[Burial (musician)|Burial]], and the first time since 1994 that Tricky had been featured on Massive Attack content. Scottish hip-hop group [[Young Fathers]], London rapper [[Roots Manuva]] and singer [[Azekel]] also featured on the EP.<ref name="consquenceofsound_2016">{{cite web | url=https://consequence.net/2016/01/stream-massive-attacks-new-ep-ritual-spirit/ | title=Stream: Massive Attack's new EP Ritual Spirit | work=[[Consequence of Sound]] | date=28 January 2016 | access-date=28 January 2016 | author=Young, Alex}}</ref>
On 26 July 2016, Massive Attack previewed three new songs: "Come Near Me", "The Spoils", and "Dear Friend" on the Fantom iPhone application on which they previously previewed the four songs from the ''Ritual Spirit'' EP.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pitchfork.com/news/67078-massive-attack-share-two-new-songs-via-app-listen/ |title=Massive Attack Release New Songs "Come Near Me," "The Spoils," and "Dear Friend" | website=[[Pitchfork (website)|Pitchfork]] |first=Jazz |last=Monroe |date=26 July 2016 |access-date=26 July 2016}}</ref>
On 29 July 2016, they released a new EP, "[[The Spoils (song)|The Spoils]]", which includes "The Spoils" and "Come Near Me", both previewed on Fantom. "The Spoils" features vocals from American singer-songwriter [[Hope Sandoval]], and "Come Near Me" features British vocalist [[Ghostpoet]]. A music video for "Come Near Me", directed by Ed Morris, and featuring Kosovan actress [[Arta Dobroshi]], was released the same day as the single.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://pitchfork.com/news/67161-watch-massive-attack-and-ghostpoets-new-video-come-near-me/ | title=Massive Attack Release 'Come Near Me' New Video, Plus Hope Sandoval Collaboration | work=[[Pitchfork (website)|Pitchfork]] | date=29 July 2016 | access-date=29 July 2016}}</ref> The video for "The Spoils", featuring [[Cate Blanchett]] and directed by Australian director [[John Hillcoat]], was released on 9 August 2016.<ref>{{cite news|title=Cate Blanchett stars in Massive Attack's new music video|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/cate-blanchett-stars-in-massive-attacks-new-music-video-for-the-spoils-a7181016.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220512/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/cate-blanchett-stars-in-massive-attacks-new-music-video-for-the-spoils-a7181016.html |archive-date=12 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|newspaper=[[The Independent]]|access-date=9 August 2016}}</ref>
On 13 July 2018, Massive Attack cancelled their appearance at the [[Mad Cool]] festival in [[Madrid]] because of sound bleed from [[Franz Ferdinand (band)|Franz Ferdinand]] on a neighbouring stage. The festival offered several solutions to accommodate the band, but Massive Attack rejected them all.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Navarro |first=Fernando |date=2018-07-16 |title=The behind-the-scenes story of Massive Attack canceling their Mad Cool gig |url=https://english.elpais.com/elpais/2018/07/16/inenglish/1531739617_522079.html |access-date=2024-07-25 |website=EL PAÍS English |language=en}}</ref>
In 2019, Massive Attack went on tour to promote the 20th anniversary rerelease of ''Mezzanine'', billed as "Mezzanine XX1". The American tour dates, originally scheduled for April, were postponed to September due to illness in the band.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Mims |first=Taylor |date=2019-03-08 |title=Massive Attack Postpones 'Mezzanine' Anniversary Shows Due to Illness |url=https://www.billboard.com/pro/massive-attack-postpones-mezzanine-anniversary-shows-illness/ |access-date=2024-07-25 |magazine=Billboard |language=en-US}}</ref>
===''Eutopia'' EP and audiovisual releases===
In July 2020, Massive Attack released a political audiovisual EP called ''[[Eutopia (extended play)|Eutopia]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/massive-attack-tease-new-eutopia-ep-with-mysterious-instagram-posts-2704269|title=Massive Attack debut stunning audio-visual EP 'Eutopia'|website=Nme.com|date=10 July 2020|access-date=25 November 2020}}</ref> The three-track fusion was created across five cities during the [[COVID-19]] global lockdown period, and was partly formed by generative algorithmic visuals from AI art pioneer [[Mario Klingemann]] and collaborations with [[Algiers (band)|Algiers]], [[Young Fathers]] and US poet [[Saul Williams]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.publicpressure.org/massive-attacks-eutopia-addresses-our-need-for-a-radical-global-change/|title=Massive Attack's Eutopia addresses our need for a radical global change | Public Pressure|website=Publicpressure.org|date=17 July 2020|access-date=25 November 2020}}</ref> The conceptual project, co-written and produced by 3D and documentary filmmaker [[Mark Donne]], featured strong arguments for global system change from UN Paris Climate Agreement author [[Christiana Figueres]], founder of the [[Universal Basic Income]] Principle Professor [[Guy Standing (economist)|Guy Standing]] and inventor of the US "Wealth Tax" policy Professor [[Gabriel Zucman]]. Each video ends with a quote from Thomas More's ''[[Utopia (More book)|Utopia]]''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Massive Attack Release New Audiovisual EP Eutopia: Watch |url=https://pitchfork.com/news/massive-attack-release-new-audiovisual-ep-eutopia-watch/ |website=Pitchfork.com|date=10 July 2020 |access-date=10 July 2020}}</ref>
Massive Attack were scheduled to headline the 2022 edition of the [[Primavera Sound]] music festival in [[Barcelona]], [[Spain]], but an unnamed band member's serious illness forced the band to cancel its appearance with the rest of its European tour.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pearis |first=Bill|title=Massive Attack cancel all 2022 live dates as member recovers from "serious illness" |url=https://www.brooklynvegan.com/massive-attack-cancel-all-2022-live-dates-as-member-recovers-from-serious-illness/ |access-date=2022-05-29 |website=BrooklynVegan |date=25 March 2022 |language=en}}</ref> [[Angelo Bruschini]], who played guitar on ''Mezzanine'' and ''100th Window'' while touring with the band since 1995, died of lung cancer on 23 October 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-24 |title=Massive Attack Guitarist Angelo Bruschini Has Died |url=https://www.stereogum.com/2240225/massive-attack-guitarist-angelo-bruschini-has-died/news/ |access-date=2023-10-24 |website=Stereogum |language=en}}</ref>
The group played their first show in five years on 5 June 2024 in [[Gothenburg]], Sweden, joined by guests [[Elizabeth Fraser]], [[Horace Andy]] and [[Young Fathers]], who all toured with the band during their European shows that summer.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-06 |title=Watch Massive Attack Play Their First Show In Five Years With Special Guests Elizabeth Fraser And Horace Andy |url=https://www.stereogum.com/2266713/watch-massive-attack-play-their-first-show-in-five-years-with-special-guests-elizabeth-fraser-and-horace-andy/news/ |access-date=2024-06-20 |website=Stereogum |language=en}}</ref>
==Musical style==
Some of their most noted songs have been without choruses and have featured dramatically atmospheric dynamics, conveyed through either distorted guitar crescendos, lavish orchestral arrangements or prominent, looped/shifting basslines, underpinned by high and exacting production values, involving sometimes copious digital editing and mixing.<ref name=timedigital/> The pace of their music has often been slower than prevalent British [[Electronic dance music|dance music]] of the time. These and other [[Psychedelic music|psychedelic]], soundtrack-like and DJist sonic techniques, formed a much-emulated style journalists began to dub "[[trip hop]]" from the mid-nineties onwards,<ref>{{cite web|url={{AllMusic|class=explore|id=style/d2644|pure_url=yes}}|title=Trip Hop|website=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=20 May 2009}}</ref> though in an interview in 2006, Daddy G said, "We used to hate that terminology [trip-hop] so bad,' laughs. 'You know, as far we were concerned, Massive Attack music was unique, so to put it in a box was to pigeonhole it and to say, "Right, we know where you guys are coming from.""<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hour.ca/music/music.aspx?iIDArticle=10216|title=Massive Attack in Montreal, September 11|work=Hour|publisher=Communications Voir Inc.|date=7 September 2006|access-date=26 May 2009|last=Tousignant|first=Isa|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061027212620/http://www.hour.ca/music/music.aspx?iIDArticle=10216|archive-date=27 October 2006|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
==Other projects==
==='Fire Sale' exhibition===
A solo exhibition of Del Naja's art was held at the Lazarides gallery in central London, from 24 May to 22 June 2013. The show's content spanned a period of over twenty years and featured many of the art pieces that Del Naja created for Massive Attack. Each piece, reinterpreted especially for the exhibition, was hand-printed and finished. The show also featured three one-off 'digital infinity mirrors', two of which contained phrases supplied by [[Reprieve (organisation)|Reprieve]] that were extracted from [[Unmanned aerial vehicle|drone]] pilot dialogues. Del Naja performed a DJ set during the opening night on 23 May 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lazinc.com/exhibitions/582,3d-fire-sale|title=Exhibition 3D: Fire Sale|publisher=Lazarides|access-date=26 October 2013|archive-date=29 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029193440/http://www.lazinc.com/exhibitions/582,3d-fire-sale|url-status=dead}}</ref>
===Massive Attack and Adam Curtis===
Del Naja conceived and designed an eight-night festival with filmmaker [[Adam Curtis]]—in collaboration with UVA ([[United Visual Artists]])—that premiered in Manchester, UK in July 2013. The festival featured Curtis's film, unofficially titled ''The Plan,'' which was projected on a huge screen surrounding the audience, while music from Massive Attack was interweaved throughout the film.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://louderthanwar.com/an-open-letter-to-massive-attack-and-adam-curtis/|title=An Open Letter To Massive Attack And Adam Curtis|date=14 July 2013 |publisher=Louder Than War|access-date=26 October 2013}}</ref> Del Naja, who orchestrated the film's soundtrack, described the experience as a "collective hallucination" and the film was also shown at the [[Manchester International Festival]] in July 2013.<ref>{{cite news|first1=Tim|last1=Adams|access-date=2019-02-17|title=Massive Attack v Adam Curtis – review|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2013/jul/07/adam-curtis-massive-attack-review|newspaper=[[The Observer]]|date=6 July 2013|issn=0029-7712}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|access-date=2019-02-17|title=Massive Attack v Adam Curtis, Manchester International Festival – review|url=https://www.ft.com/content/e7afe1bc-e55f-11e2-8d0b-00144feabdc0 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/e7afe1bc-e55f-11e2-8d0b-00144feabdc0 |archive-date=10 December 2022 |url-access=subscription|website=Financial Times|date=7 July 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first1=Ian|last1=Youngs|access-date=2019-02-17|title=Depot gig opens Manchester festival|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-23158914|date=5 July 2013|website=Bbc.co.uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|access-date=2019-02-17|title=Music review: Massive Attack v Adam Curtis for the Manchester|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/reviews/music-review-massive-attack-v-adam-curtis-for-the-manchester-international-festival-was-sadly-a-8690664.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220512/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/reviews/music-review-massive-attack-v-adam-curtis-for-the-manchester-international-festival-was-sadly-a-8690664.html |archive-date=12 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|date=5 July 2013|newspaper=[[The Independent]]}}</ref> Music created by Del Naja for the festival became the score for a [[BBC]] production entitled ''[[HyperNormalisation]]'' in 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p04b183c|title=HyperNormalisation|date=16 October 2016|work=[[BBC]]|access-date=30 October 2018}}</ref>
In 2019, Del Naja and Adam Curtis teamed up for a second time on a live show based on the band's Mezzanine album.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.factmag.com/2018/10/30/massive-attack-announce-mezzanine-tour/|title=Massive Attack announce Mezzanine XX1 2019 Tour|website=Factmag.com|date=30 October 2018}}</ref> The show challenged the idea of nostalgia and power, and featured machine learning GANS and deep fakes from [[Mario Klingemann]], as well as new films from Curtis that were used to tell a narrative story. They were used as visuals for cover versions of non Massive Attack songs based on samples and loops that made up the album's identity.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thefader.com/2019/09/25/massive-attack-robert-del-naja-mezzanine-interview|title=A rare interview with Massive Attack's Robert Del Naja on creating the most subversive live show of 2019|website=The FADER}}</ref>
===Mezzanine DNA===
In April 2019, it was reported that Massive Attack had encoded ''Mezzanine'' into DNA to mark the 20th anniversary of the seminal 1998 album.
The album has also been made available in the form of a matte black spray paint can. A limited number of spray cans will contain the DNA encoded audio within matte black paint and each can will contain approximately one million copies of the album.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pitchfork.com/news/massive-attack-encoding-album-into-dna/|title=Massive Attack Encoding Album Into DNA|website=Pitchfork.com|date=20 April 2018}}</ref> Addressing the novel storage method, Del Naja – who is also known as a graffiti artist as ‘3D' – said: “It’s a creative way to store your back catalogue, although DNA-encoded spray paint is unlikely to be adopted by street artists seeking anonymity”.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://consequence.net/2018/10/massive-attack-dna-spray-paint-can/|title=Massive Attack releasing DNA-encoded Mezzanine in spray paint can|date=19 October 2018}}</ref>
=== Decarbonisation project ===
On 28 November 2019, Robert Del Naja announced that Massive Attack partnered with a research centre based at the [[University of Manchester]] to explore the [[Environmental impact of the music industry|music industry's climate impact]]. He wrote in a column in ''The Guardian'': "the commissioning of the renowned [[Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research]] to map the full carbon footprint of typical tour cycles, and to look specifically at the three key areas where [[Greenhouse gas emissions|CO2 emissions]] in our sector are generated." This will include information about band travel and production, audience transport and venue. "The resulting roadmap to [[decarbonisation]] will be shared with other touring acts, promoters and festival/venue owners to assist swift and significant emissions reductions."<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 November 2019 |title=We've toured the world for years. To help save the planet we'll have to change | Massive Attack |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/nov/28/tour-world-massive-attack-band-climate |access-date=26 August 2020 |website=Theguardian.com}}</ref> (See 'Environmentalism' below)
==Activism and politics==
=== Anti-war advocacy ===
Robert Del Naja was critical of the policies of the [[Premiership of Tony Blair|UK government under Tony Blair]]. He was strongly opposed to the [[2003 invasion of Iraq|2003 war against Iraq]], and with fellow musician [[Damon Albarn]] personally paid for full-page advertisements against the war in the ''[[NME]]'' magazine.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/7876770/Massive-Attack-the-beat-goes-on.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/7876770/Massive-Attack-the-beat-goes-on.html |archive-date=11 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Massive Attack: the beat goes on|date=8 July 2010|work=The Daily Telegraph|access-date=17 September 2014}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
Massive Attack have worked with [[Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament]] and [[Stop the War Coalition]], while also having helped fund a legal challenge to military intervention in international courts.<ref>{{cite news |date= 31 January 2003 |title= Starting a massive offensive |url=https://www.scotsman.com/arts-and-culture/music/starting-a-massive-offensive-1-544656 |work= The Scotsman |access-date= 14 June 2019}}</ref>
=== Human rights ===
In 2008, Massive Attack curated the annual [[Meltdown (festival)|Meltdown festival]] on London's [[South Bank]]. During the two weeks of live performance, cinema and art, they worked with human rights lawyer [[Clive Stafford Smith]] and his organisation [[Reprieve (organisation)|Reprieve]] which uses the law to enforce the [[human rights]] of prisoners.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.reprieve.org.uk/press/2008_07_07memoriesofmeltdown/|title=Reprieve—Memories of Meltdown|access-date=15 September 2012}}</ref>
In 2010, the video shot by [[Adam Broomberg and Oliver Chanarin]] for the song "[[Saturday Come Slow]]", featuring Albarn, drew attention to the use of music in [[torture]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.reprieve.org.uk/blog/2010_03_18massive_attack_speaks_out_music_torture/|title=Reprieve—Massive Attack speak out against music torture|access-date=15 September 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20121224060143/http://www.reprieve.org.uk/blog/2010_03_18massive_attack_speaks_out_music_torture/|archive-date=24 December 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
Massive Attack donated all proceeds from their 2010 EP ''Atlas Air'' to [[War Child (charity)|War Child]], a charity the band previously supported when they contributed to ''[[The Help Album]].''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/6music/news/231110_massiveattack.shtml|title=BBC – 6Music News – Massive Attack for War Child|publisher=[[BBC]]|access-date=15 September 2012}}</ref>
=== British politics ===
In 2007, Del Naja, musicians Albarn and [[Brian Eno]], and United Visual Artists contributed to a [[Greenpeace]] demonstration against the renewal of the [[Trident nuclear programme]] that was held on board the [[MV Arctic Sunrise|Arctic Sunrise]] on the [[River Thames]].<ref>{{cite web|title=River Thames to host protest against Trident renewal|url=http://www.greenpeace.org.uk/media/press-releases/river-thames-to-host-protest|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121028055102/http://www.greenpeace.org.uk/media/press-releases/river-thames-to-host-protest|archive-date=28 October 2012|access-date=15 September 2012|publisher=Greenpeace UK|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
On 14 November 2012, on the eve of the [[2012 Bristol mayoral election|Bristol Mayor election]], the band caused some surprise by endorsing independent millionaire and former [[Liberal Democrats (UK)|Liberal Democrat]] [[George Ferguson (politician)|George Ferguson]], citing the need for a mayor who would help facilitate creative projects to the city, and wasn't simply following a party political agenda.<ref name="24-7">{{cite news|last=Brown|first=Christopher|date=14 November 2012|title=Bristol mayor: Massive Attack give vocal backing for Ferguson|newspaper=Bristol 24–7|url=http://www.bristol247.com/2012/11/14/bristol-mayor-massive-attack-give-vocal-backing-for-ferguson-25128/|url-status=dead|access-date=8 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130522204522/http://www.bristol247.com/2012/11/14/bristol-mayor-massive-attack-give-vocal-backing-for-ferguson-25128/|archive-date=22 May 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Previously, Del Naja had openly criticised Ferguson for being a member of the [[Society of Merchant Venturers]],<ref name="post01">{{cite news|date=9 October 2012|title=Massive Attack star criticises Bristol Mayor candidate George Ferguson|newspaper=This Is Bristol|url=http://www.thisisbristol.co.uk/Massive-Attack-star-criticises-Bristol-Mayor/story-17054830-detail/story.html|url-status=dead|access-date=8 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602024432/http://www.thisisbristol.co.uk/Massive-Attack-star-criticises-Bristol-Mayor/story-17054830-detail/story.html#axzz2Shn0uOq5|archive-date=2 June 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref> an organisation dating back to the 16th century which had many connections with the [[Bristol slave trade]].<ref name="Nash">{{cite web|last=Nash|first=Andrew|title=The Society of Merchant Venturers|url=http://www.flocs.com/websites/bristolslavery/people/merchantventurers.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140613131401/http://www.flocs.com/websites/bristolslavery/people/merchantventurers.htm|archive-date=13 June 2014|access-date=22 March 2015|work=Bristol Slavery|publisher=Andrew Nash}}</ref> Del Naja endorsed Ferguson again in the 2016 election.{{citation needed|date=August 2020}}
In September 2018, Massive Attack criticised the [[Mayor of Bristol]] for cancelling the [[Bristol Arena|Bristol Arena project]] in the Temple Meads area of Bristol. The Mayor had announced a private sector company, YTL would build a privately funded arena in Filton, a northern suburb of Bristol and the band announced they would not play there. Despite this, when a pop up arena was temporarily erected on the Filton site, Massive Attack played two gigs in March 2019.
In November 2019, along with other public figures, Massive Attack signed a letter supporting [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]] leader [[Jeremy Corbyn]] describing him as "a beacon of hope in the struggle against emergent far-right nationalism, xenophobia and racism in much of the democratic world" and endorsed him in the [[2019 United Kingdom general election|2019 UK general election]].<ref name="nme">{{cite news|last=Neale|first=Matthew|date=16 November 2019|title=Exclusive: New letter supporting Jeremy Corbyn signed by Roger Waters, Robert Del Naja and more|work=[[NME]]|url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/new-letter-supporting-jeremy-corbyn-2568734|access-date=27 November 2019}}</ref>
In June 2024, Massive Attack endorsed [[Carla Denyer]], the co-leader of [[Green_Party_of_England_and_Wales|the Green Party]], as MP for [[Bristol Central]]. They said "General Election 2024 is an opportunity for #Bristol to consolidate its green reputation by electing an MP who is resolutely focused on #ClimateAction and unambiguous on the matter of genocide in #Gaza. @carla_denyer is that candidate."<ref>{{cite tweet |user=MassiveAttackUK |number=1797585324136423903 |title=General Election 2024 is an opportunity for #Bristol to consolidate its green reputation | accessdate=5 June 2024}}</ref>
=== International politics ===
Del Naja and [[Thom Yorke]] of [[Radiohead]] threw an unofficial party at the occupied [[UBS]] building in the city of London in December 2011, in support for the international [[Occupy movement]].<ref>{{cite web |date=8 February 2012 |title=Dazed Digital |url=http://www.dazeddigital.com/artsandculture/article/12575/1/occupy-2012 |access-date=15 September 2012 |publisher=Occupy 2012}}</ref>
During a concert in [[Istanbul]] in 2014, Massive Attack named those who died in [[Gezi Park protests|anti-government protests]] at [[Gezi Park]] on the outdoor screen at their back with the following sentences: "Their killers are still out there" and "We won't forget [[Soma mine disaster|Soma]]".<ref>{{cite web|date=6 August 2014|title=Massive Attack Soma ve Gezi'yi unutmadı – Hayat Haberleri – Radikal|url=http://www.radikal.com.tr/hayat/massive_attack_soma_ve_geziyi_unutmadi-1196119|access-date=26 August 2020|work=Radikal}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Massive Attack'ten Soma ve Gezi mesajı|url=http://www.gercekgundem.com/kultur-sanat/49167/massive-attackten-soma-ve-gezi-mesaji|access-date=17 September 2014|work=Gerçek Gündem}}</ref>
In June 2024, Massive Attack canceled a concert at the [[Black Sea Arena]] in [[Tbilisi]], originally scheduled for 28 July, in response to the [[Government of Georgia (country)|Georgian government]]'s repression of the [[2023–2024 Georgian protests|nationwide civil protests]] against law proposals that could have restricted [[freedom of press]] and [[LGBT rights in Georgia (country)|LGBT rights]] in the country; in an official statement, the band explained their decision by writing quote, "At this moment, performing at the state-owned Black Sea Arena could be seen as an endorsement of their violent crackdown against peaceful protests and civil society".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Boffey |first=Daniel |date=12 June 2024 |title=Massive Attack pull out of gig in Georgia in solidarity with protesters |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/article/2024/jun/12/massive-attack-pull-out-of-gig-in-georgia-in-solidarity-with-protesters |access-date=12 June 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref>
==== Israeli-Palestinian conflict ====
In late July 2014, Del Naja and Marshall visited the [[Bourj el-Barajneh|Bourj El-Barajneh]] [[refugee camp]] in Lebanon to meet with Palestinian volunteers at an educational centre. The band's profit from the show in Byblos was donated to the centre.<ref>{{cite web |date=29 July 2014 |title=Massive Attack visit Palestinian refugees in Lebanon: 'All of them have a right to a life of dignity and beauty' – People — News |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/massive-attack-visit-palestinian-refugees-in-lebanon-all-of-them-have-a-right-to-a-life-of-dignity-and-beauty-9635645.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220512/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/massive-attack-visit-palestinian-refugees-in-lebanon-all-of-them-have-a-right-to-a-life-of-dignity-and-beauty-9635645.html |archive-date=12 May 2022 |access-date=17 September 2014 |work=The Independent}}</ref> In 2017, Massive Attack performed three shows in support of Hoping, an organisation that helps raise money and supports projects for Palestinian youth in refugee camps in the [[Gaza Strip]] and the [[West Bank]], [[Lebanon]] and [[Syria]].{{Cn|date={{subst:CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{subst:CURRENTYEAR}}}}
Massive Attack have previously played three shows in [[Israel]], but tried to refrain from doing so since the early 2000's "as a form of non-violent pressure on Israel to end its brutal [[occupation of Palestine]]".<ref>{{cite news|last=Duran|first=Anagricel|date= 12 January 2024|title=Massive Attack speak out on their boycott of gigs in Israel since 1999|newspaper=NME|url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/massive-attack-speak-out-on-their-boycott-of-gigs-in-israel-since-1999-3570102|access-date=7 February 2024}}</ref> They have described their decision as "not an action of aggression towards the Israeli people", but "towards the [Israeli] [[Israeli government|government]] and its policies", arguing that "the Palestinians [in [[Gaza Strip|Gaza]] and the [[West Bank]]] have no access to the same fundamental benefits that the Israelis do."<ref name="NS">{{cite news|last=Parry|first=William|date=3 September 2010|title=The silent treatment|newspaper=New Statesman|url=http://www.newstatesman.com/music/2010/09/israel-interview-boycott-naja|access-date=26 August 2020}}</ref> In May 2020, Massive Attack co-signed an open letter urging Israel to end the [[blockade of the Gaza Strip]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Hundreds of artists urge Israel to end Gaza blockade |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/5/16/hundreds-of-artists-urge-israel-to-end-gaza-blockade |work=Al Jazeera |date=16 May 2020}}</ref>
In May 2024, the group publicly expressed their support to the music acts who had decided to boycott [[The Great Escape Festival]] in [[Brighton and Hove]], in protest against the event's sponsor [[Barclays]] and its investments in companies supplying arms that were reportedly used by Israeli military forces in their [[Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip (2023–present)|invasion of the Gaza Strip]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Skinner |first=Tom |date=14 May 2024 |title=Over 100 acts have now dropped out of The Great Escape 2024 in Gaza boycott, with support from Massive Attack |url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/over-100-acts-have-now-dropped-out-of-the-great-escape-2024-in-gaza-boycott-with-support-from-massive-attack-3756090 |access-date=24 May 2024 |website=[[NME]] |language=en-GB}}</ref>
=== Environmentalism ===
In 2010, Massive Attack donated the income from a Lincoln car commercial to the clean up campaign after the [[Deepwater Horizon oil spill]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Massive Attack Donate Proceeds of Lincoln Car Commercial To Clean-Up Efforts in the Gulf of Mexico|url=http://saveourgulf.org/updates/massive-attack-donate-proceeds-lincoln-car-commercial-clean-ef|access-date=15 September 2012|publisher=Save Our Gulf|archive-date=1 August 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130801101433/http://saveourgulf.org/updates/massive-attack-donate-proceeds-lincoln-car-commercial-clean-ef|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Since October 2018, Massive Attack have also been supporting the [[climate activist]]s of the [[Extinction Rebellion]] group, also known as XR, which conducted protests in London in October 2018 then April 2019. On 21 April, Massive Attack played a DJ set for the Extinction Rebellion protesters<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DS0bntN2FCM| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211030/DS0bntN2FCM| archive-date=2021-10-30|title=Massive Attack - Marble Arch - Extinction Rebellion| date=21 April 2019|publisher=[[YouTube]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> in the heart of London in Marble Arch.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mixmag.net/read/massive-attack-extinction-rebellion-protest-news|title=Massive Attack played a DJ set for the Extinction Rebellion protest in London|website=Mixmag}}</ref> In July and October 2019, the group protested in 60 other cities worldwide,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.publicpressure.org/60-cities-extinction-rebellion-movement-goes-global/|title=60 cities: Extinction Rebellion movement goes global|date=10 October 2019|website=Public Pressure}}</ref> Robert Del Naja providing a portable radio network using speakers in backpacks with receivers and transmitters for the campaigners in London.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7BG4zLu0yJQ| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211030/7BG4zLu0yJQ| archive-date=2021-10-30|title=Massive Attack Visited XR Sites | Extinction Rebellion| date=14 October 2019|publisher=[[YouTube]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
In 2021 the band published a report they had commissioned from the Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research. The report examined the impact of live music on the environment and gave a set of recommendations for meeting the [[Paris agreement]] targets. Del Naja criticised the UK government for not doing more to meet the targets.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Vinter |first1=Robyn |title=Massive Attack call for government plan to cut live music's carbon emissions |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/sep/06/massive-attack-call-for-government-plan-to-cut-live-musics-carbon-emissions |website=www.theguardian.com |date=5 September 2021 |publisher=Guardian News and Media |access-date=17 December 2022}}</ref> Massive Attack became the first band globally to commit their touring companies to the UN “Race to Zero” – Paris 1.5 compatible emissions reductions schedule.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://pitchfork.com/news/massive-attack-unveil-plan-to-reduce-carbon-emissions-across-music-industry/ |title=Massive Attack Unveil Plan to Reduce Carbon Emissions Across Music Industry |last=Monroe |first=Jazz |date=6 September 2021 |website=Pitchfork |access-date=6 March 2023 }}</ref>
The band will played a hometown Bristol show named "Act 1.5" on 24 August 2024 with the goal of being a "large-scale climate action accelerator", blazing a "trail for new standards of decarbonisation of live music." There were 25 different measures to minimize carbon, including giving extra benefits to local attendees and those traveling by train, powering the venue by renewable energy only, serving only plant-based foods and minimising waste through compostable plates and cutlery.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The band that doesn't want you to drive to their concerts |url=https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20240717-the-band-that-doesnt-want-you-to-travel-for-their-tour |access-date=2024-07-21 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Massive Attack's upcoming ACT 1.5 decarbonisation show "may be their last" in Bristol |url=https://mixmag.net/read/massive-attack-act-1-5-decarbonisation-show-bristol-clifton-downs-climate-action-news |access-date=2024-07-21 |website=Mixmag}}</ref>
=== Other ===
In 2005, Del Naja organised and performed at a charity concert in [[Bristol]] for [[2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami|Tsunami]] Relief with Adrian Utley and [[Geoff Barrow]] of [[Portishead (band)|Portishead]]. The two-night event featured Massive Attack, Portishead, [[Robert Plant]], [[the Coral]] and Albarn.{{citation needed|date=August 2020}}
In March 2018, following the [[Facebook–Cambridge Analytica data scandal]], Massive Attack suspended their Facebook page, stating: "In light of Facebook’s continued disregard for your privacy, their lack of transparency and disregard for accountability – Massive Attack will be temporarily withdrawing."<ref>{{cite web|date=21 March 2018|title=Massive Attack leave Facebook following Cambridge Analytica scandal|url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/massive-attack-leave-facebook-following-cambridge-analytica-scandal-2270845|access-date=17 September 2018|website=Nme.com}}</ref>
==Band members==
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
'''Current members'''
* [[Robert Del Naja|Robert "3D" Del Naja]] – vocals, keyboards, guitars, programmer, arranger, producer, mixer (1988–present)
* [[Daddy G|Grant "Daddy G" Marshall]] – vocals, keyboards, guitars, programmer, producer (1988–2001, 2005–present)
* [[Tricky (musician)|Adrian "Tricky" Thaws]] – vocals, keyboards, bass, producer (1988–1995, 2016–present)
'''Former members'''
* [[Andrew Vowles|Andrew "Mushroom" Vowles]] – keyboards, drums, turntables, arranger, producer, mixer, programmer (1988–1999)
* [[Neil Davidge]] – bass, guitars, drums, keyboards, piano, occasional backing vocals (1998–2012)
* [[Horace Andy]] – vocals (1990–2011; touring member 2011–present)
* [[Shara Nelson]] – vocals (1990–1994)
* [[Tracey Thorn]] – vocals, guitars (1994–1996)
* [[Stephanie Dosen]] – vocals, guitars (2008–2010)
'''Touring members'''
* Deborah Miller – vocals, percussion (1990–present)
* Winston Blissett – bass guitar (1995–present)
* [[Elizabeth Fraser]] – vocals (1998–present)
* [[Damon Reece]] – drums (2006–present)
* Julien Brown – electronic drums (2009–present)
* [[Horace Andy]] – vocals (2011–present; official member 1990–2011)
* Euan Dickinson – keyboards, synthesizers, samples (2016–present)
* [[Alex Lee (musician)|Alex Lee]] – guitars (2019–present)
'''Former touring members'''
* [[Angelo Bruschini]] – guitars (1995–2023; his death)
* Andrew Smalls – drums, electronic drums (1995–2008)
* Kwame Boaten – bass (1996–1999)
* Michael Timothy – keyboards, synthesizers, samples (1998)
* [[Dot Allison]] – vocals, guitar (2003)
* Arden Hart – keyboards (2003, 2006)
* [[Lucy Wilkins]] – violin, keyboards (2003)
* Hazel Fernandez – vocals (2004)
* [[Yola (singer)|Yolanda Quartey]] – vocals (2004)
* John Baggott - keyboards, synthesizers, samples (2008–2010)
* [[Azekel]] – vocals (2016)
{{col-end}}
===Timeline===
<timeline>
ImageSize = width:800 height:auto barincrement:18
PlotArea = left:140 bottom:100 top:0 right:20
Alignbars = justify
DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy
Period = from:01/01/1988 till:31/12/2023
TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal format:yyyy
Legend = orientation:vertical position:bottom columns:4
ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:5 start:01/01/1988
ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:1 start:01/01/1988
Colors =
id:vocals value:red legend:Vocals
id:guitars value:green legend:Guitars
id:keys value:purple legend:Keyboards
id:bass value:blue legend:Bass
id:DJ value:lavender legend:Turntables
id:drums value:orange legend:Drums
id:album value:black legend:Album
id:ep value:gray(0.5) legend:EP
Linedata=
layer:back
color:Album
at:08/04/1991
at:26/09/1994
at:20/04/1998
at:10/02/2003
at:08/02/2010
color:EP
at:04/10/2009
at:28/01/2016
at:10/07/2020
BarData =
bar:DelNaja text:"Robert Del Naja"
bar:Marshall text:"Grant Marshall"
bar:Vowles text:"Andrew Vowles"
bar:Thaws text:"Adrian 'Tricky' Thaws"
bar:Davidge text:"Neil Davidge"
bar:Andy text:"Horace Andy"
bar:Nelson text:"Shara Nelson"
bar:Thorn text:"Tracey Thorn"
bar:Dosen text:"Stephanie Dosen"
PlotData =
width:11
bar:DelNaja from:01/01/1988 Till:end color:vocals
bar:DelNaja from:01/01/1988 Till:end color:keys width:7
bar:DelNaja from:01/01/1988 Till:end color:guitars width:3
bar:Thaws from:01/01/1988 Till:20/02/1995 color:vocals
bar:Thaws from:01/01/1988 Till:20/02/1995 color:bass width:3
bar:Thaws from:01/01/1988 Till:20/02/1995 color:keys width:7
bar:Thaws from:01/01/2016 Till:end color:keys width:7
bar:Thaws from:01/01/2016 Till:end color:vocals
bar:Thaws from:01/01/2016 Till:end color:bass width:3
bar:Marshall from:01/01/1988 Till:21/01/2001 color:keys
bar:Marshall from:01/01/1988 Till:21/01/2001 color:guitars width:7
bar:Marshall from:01/01/1988 Till:21/01/2001 color:vocals width:3
bar:Marshall from:21/12/2005 Till:end color:keys
bar:Marshall from:21/12/2005 Till:end color:guitars width:7
bar:Marshall from:21/12/2005 Till:end color:vocals width:3
bar:Vowles from:01/01/1988 Till:31/12/1999 color:drums
bar:Vowles from:01/01/1988 Till:31/12/1999 color:keys width:3
bar:Vowles from:01/01/1988 Till:31/12/1999 color:DJ width:7
bar:Davidge from:31/03/1998 Till:30/04/2012 color:keys
bar:Davidge from:31/03/1998 Till:30/04/2012 color:guitars width:7
bar:Davidge from:31/03/1998 Till:30/04/2012 color:drums width:3
bar:Davidge from:31/03/1998 Till:30/04/2012 color:bass width:5
bar:Andy from:01/01/1990 Till:30/04/2011 color:vocals
bar:Dosen from:01/06/2008 Till:30/11/2010 color:vocals
bar:Dosen from:01/06/2008 Till:30/11/2010 color:guitars width:3
bar:Thorn from:01/01/1994 Till:02/02/1995 color:vocals
bar:Thorn from:01/01/1994 Till:02/02/1995 color:guitars width:3
bar:Nelson from:01/01/1990 Till:31/12/1993 color:vocals
</timeline>
==Discography==
{{Main|Massive Attack discography}}
* ''[[Blue Lines]]'' (1991)
* ''[[Protection (Massive Attack album)|Protection]]'' (1994)
* ''[[Mezzanine (album)|Mezzanine]]'' (1998)
* ''[[100th Window]]'' (2003)
* ''[[Heligoland (album)|Heligoland]]'' (2010)
==Awards and nominations==
===Billboard Music Awards===
The [[Billboard Music Award|''Billboard'' Music Awards]] honor artists for commercial performance in the U.S., based on record charts published by ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.billboardmusicawards.com/about/ |title=About {{!}} Billboard Music Awards |publisher=[[Billboard Music Award]] |access-date=August 20, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150512143325/http://www.billboardmusicawards.com/about/ |archive-date=12 May 2015 }}</ref> The awards are based on sales data by [[Nielsen SoundScan]] and radio information by [[Nielsen Broadcast Data Systems]].<ref>{{cite magazine|title=50 Cent, Green Day Reap Major Billboard Music Awards |url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/60427/50-cent-green-day-reap-major-billboard-music-awards |access-date=August 20, 2015 |magazine=Billboard |date=December 7, 2005 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304105552/http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/60427/50-cent-green-day-reap-major-billboard-music-awards |archive-date=March 4, 2016 }}</ref> The award ceremony was held from 1990 to 2007, until its reintroduction in 2011.<ref>{{cite web|last=Grein |first=Paul |title=Billboard Music Awards Predictions: Sure Things and Oddities |url=https://www.yahoo.com/music/billboard-music-awards-predictions-sure-c1431468392160/photo-top-billboard-200-album-photo-1431468208131.html |publisher=Yahoo! |access-date=August 20, 2015 |date=May 13, 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150630184810/https://www.yahoo.com/music/billboard-music-awards-predictions-sure-c1431468392160/photo-top-billboard-200-album-photo-1431468208131.html |archive-date=June 30, 2015 }}</ref>
{{award table}}
|-
| rowspan=2|2003
| Massive Attack
| Top Electronic Artist
| {{nom}}
|-
| ''[[100th Window]]''
| Top Electronic Album
|{{nom}}
{{end}}
===D&AD Awards===
[[D&AD|Design and Art Direction]] (''D&AD'') is a British educational [[Charitable organization|charity]] which exists to promote excellence in [[design]] and [[advertising]].
{{award table}}
|-
| rowspan="3"| 1999
| rowspan="2"| "[[Teardrop (song)|Teardrop]]"
| Direction
| {{won|place=Gold|Yellow Pencil}}
|-
| Special Effects
| {{won|place=Bronze|Wood Pencil}}
|-
| ''Massive Attack – Teaser''
| Music Packaging and Print Promotion/Promotional Poster
| {{won|place=Gold|Yellow Pencil}}
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2011
| "[[Splitting the Atom]]"
| Music Video
| {{won|place=Bronze|Wood Pencil}}
|-
| "Atlas Air"
| Animation
| {{won|place=Silver|Graphite Pencil}}
{{end}}
===Denmark GAFFA Awards===
Delivered since 1991. The [[Gaffa (magazine)#GAFFA Awards|''GAFFA'' Awards]] (Danish: GAFFA Prisen) are a Danish award that rewards popular music awarded by the magazine of the same name.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gaffa.dk/nyhed/8752|title=GAFFA-prisen 1991-2006 – se vinderne|website=Gaffa.dk|access-date=24 June 2021|archive-date=22 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322005055/https://gaffa.dk/nyhed/8752|url-status=dead}}</ref>
{{award table}}
|-
| rowspan=2|1999
| ''[[Mezzanine (album)|Mezzanine]]''
| Best Foreign Album
| {{nom}}
|-
| "[[Teardrop (song)|Teardrop]]"
| Best Foreign Music Video
| {{won}}
{{end}}
===Edison Awards===
The [[Edison Award]] is an annual Dutch music prize, awarded for outstanding achievements in the music industry. It is one of the oldest music awards in the world, having been presented since 1960.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.edisons.nl/pop/edities/|publisher=[[Edison Award]]|title=Edities – Edison Pop|language=nl|trans-title=Editions - Edison Pop|access-date=23 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915213754/http://www.edisons.nl/pop/edities/|archive-date=15 September 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{award table}}
|-
| 1992
| rowspan=2|Themselves
| Best International Dance/Hip-Hop
| {{won}}
|-
| 1999
| Best International Group
| {{won}}
{{end}}
===Fryderyk===
The [[Fryderyk]] is an annual award ceremony in Poland, presented by the [[Polish Society of the Phonographic Industry|Związek Producentów Audio Video]], the IFPI Poland, since 1994.
{{award table}}
|-
| 1998
| ''[[Mezzanine (album)|Mezzanine]]''
| Best Foreign Album
| {{nom}}
{{end}}
===Hungarian Music Awards===
[[Hungarian Music Awards]] is the national music awards of Hungary, held every year since 1992 and promoted by Mahasz.
{{award table}}
|-
| 1999
| ''[[Mezzanine (album)|Mezzanine]]''
| New Trend Album of the Year
| {{nom}}
|-
| 2011
| ''[[Heligoland (album)|Heligoland]]''
| Alternative Music Album of the Year
| {{nom}}
{{end}}
===International Dance Music Awards===
The [[International Dance Music Award]] was established in 1985. It is a part of the Winter Music Conference, a weeklong electronic music event held annually.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wintermusicconference.com/about/aboutwmc/ |title=About WMC |access-date=20 August 2015 |publisher=Winter Music Conference |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150904080330/http://wintermusicconference.com/about/aboutwmc/ |archive-date=4 September 2015 }}</ref>
{{award table}}
|-
| 2011
| "[[Four Walls / Paradise Circus|Paradise Circus]]"
| Best Underground Dance Track
| {{nom}}
{{end}}
===Ivor Novello Awards===
The [[Ivor Novello Awards]] are awarded for [[songwriting]] and [[Musical composition|composing]]. The awards, named after the [[Cardiff]] born entertainer [[Ivor Novello]], are presented annually in London by the [[British Academy of Songwriters, Composers and Authors]] (BASCA).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ivorsacademy.com/awards/the-ivors/archive/|title=Archive | The Ivors | The Ivors Academy | Champions of Music Creators|website=The Ivors Academy}}</ref>
{{award table}}
|-
| 2009
| Themselves
| Outstanding Contribution to British Music
| {{won}}
{{end}}
===MTV Europe Music Awards===
The [[MTV Europe Music Awards]] were established in 1994 by MTV Europe to celebrate the most popular music videos in Europe. Massive Attack has received two awards from three nominations.
{{awards table}}
|-
| [[1995 MTV Europe Music Awards|1995]] || "[[Protection (Massive Attack song)|Protection]]" || Best Video || {{won}}
|-
| rowspan="2"| [[1998 MTV Europe Music Awards|1998]] || "[[Teardrop (song)|Teardrop]]" || Best Video ||{{won}}
|-
| ''[[Mezzanine (album)|Mezzanine]]'' || Best Album || {{nom}}
|-
{{end}}
===NME Awards===
The [[NME Awards|''NME'' Awards]] are annual music awards show founded by the music magazine ''[[NME]]''.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Lipshutz|first=Jason|title=5 Seconds of Summer Celebrates Winning 'Worst Band' Award|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop-shop/6479853/5-seconds-of-summer-nme-worst-band-award|access-date=July 6, 2015|magazine=Billboard|date=August 22, 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150623073429/http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop-shop/6479853/5-seconds-of-summer-nme-worst-band-award|archive-date=June 23, 2015}}</ref>
{{award table}}
|-
| rowspan=3|1999<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rocklistmusic.co.uk/1999.html|title=Rocklist.net...NME End Of Year Lists 1999...|website=Rocklistmusic.co.uk}}</ref>
| Themselves
| Best Group
| {{nom}}
|-
| ''[[Mezzanine (album)|Mezzanine]]''
| Best Album
| {{nom}}
|-
| "[[Teardrop (song)|Teardrop]]"
| Best Single
| {{nom}}
|-
| 2000<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rocklistmusic.co.uk/2000.html|title=Rocklist.net...NME End Of Year Lists 2000...|website=Rocklistmusic.co.uk}}</ref>
| "[[Unfinished Sympathy]]"
| Best Ever Single
| {{nom}}
{{end}}
===Q Awards===
The [[Q Awards]] is the UK's annual music awards held by music magazine ''[[Q (magazine)|Q]]'' for excellence in music. Massive Attack has received two awards from two nominations.
{{awards table}}
|-
|rowspan="1"| 1998 || ''[[Mezzanine (album)|Mezzanine]]'' || Best Album<ref>{{ cite web | url=http://www.everyhit.com/awardq.html | title=The Q Awards 1990–2004 Results|website=Everyhit.com|access-date=17 September 2014}}</ref> || {{won}}
|-
|rowspan="1"| [[Q Awards#2008|2008]] || Massive Attack || Innovation in Sound Award || {{won}}
|-
{{end}}
===Brit Awards===
[[The Brit Awards]] are the [[British Phonographic Industry]]'s annual pop music awards.
{{awards table}}
|-
|rowspan="2"| [[1996 BRIT Awards|1996]] || "[[Protection (Massive Attack song)|Protection]]" ||Best British Video || {{nom}}
|-
| Massive Attack || Best British Dance Act || {{won}}
|-
|rowspan="5"| [[1999 BRIT Awards|1999]] || ''[[Mezzanine (album)|Mezzanine]]'' || MasterCard British Album || {{nom}}
|-
|rowspan="2"| "[[Teardrop (song)|Teardrop]]" || Best British Single || {{nom}}
|-
| Best British Video || {{nom}}
|-
|rowspan="2"| Massive Attack || Best British Group || {{nom}}
|-
| Best British Dance Act || {{nom}}
|-
{{end}}
===UK Music Video Awards===
The '''UK Music Video Awards''' is an annual celebration of creativity, technical excellence and [[innovation]] in music video and moving image for music.
{{awards table}}
|-
|rowspan="3"| 2010 || "[[Four Walls / Paradise Circus|Paradise Circus]]" || rowspan="2"| Best Dance Video || {{nom}}
|-
|rowspan="2"| "[[Splitting the Atom]]" || {{nom}}
|-
| Best Animation in a Video || {{nom}}
|-
|rowspan="2"| 2011 || rowspan="2"| "Atlas Air" || Best Animation in a Video || {{nom}}
|-
| Best Visual Effects in a Video || {{nom}}
|-
{{end}}
===Viva Comet Awards===
[[:de:Comet (Musikpreis)|VIVA Comet Awards]] were an annual awards ceremony, organised by [[VIVA Germany]].
{{award table}}
|-
| 1995
| Massive Attack
| Best Avantgarde Act
| {{won}}
{{end}}
===Žebřík Music Awards===
{{award table}}
!Ref.
|-
| 1998
| "[[Teardrop (song)|Teardrop]]"
| Best International Video
| {{nom}}
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.anketazebrik.cz/historie/2003-1997/|title = 2003-1997 – Anketa Žebřík}}</ref>
|-
| 2006
| ''[[Collected (Massive Attack album)|Collected]]''
| Best International Music DVD
| {{nom}}
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.anketazebrik.cz/historie/2010-2004/|title=2010-2004 – Anketa Žebřík|website=Anketazebrik.cz|access-date=28 September 2021}}</ref>
{{end}}
==Notes==
{{noteslist}}
==Bibliography==
Chemam, Melissa, ''Massive Attack: Out of the Comfort Zone'', Tangent Books (2019) {{ISBN|1910089729}}, {{ISBN|978-1910089729}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
{{commons category|Massive Attack}}
* {{Official website}}
* {{discogs artist}}
* {{imdb name|1039315}}
* [https://www.amazon.co.uk/Massive-Attack-Out-Comfort-Zone/dp/1910089729 'Massive Attack: Out of the Comfort Zone']
{{Massive Attack}}
{{Brit Dance Act}}
{{Authority control}}{{engvarb}}
[[Category:Brit Award winners]]
[[Category:MTV Europe Music Award winners]]
[[Category:English electronic music groups]]
[[Category:Musical groups from Bristol]]
[[Category:Musical groups established in 1988]]
[[Category:Trip hop groups]]
[[Category:English musical trios]]
[[Category:Virgin Records artists]]
[[Category:Musical collectives]]
[[Category:British environmentalists]]
[[Category:Political music groups]]
[[Category:1988 establishments in England]]
[[Category:Environmental musical artists]]' |
Unified diff of changes made by edit (edit_diff) | '@@ -5,22 +5,22 @@
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2018}}
{{Infobox musical artist
-| name = Massive Attack
-| image = Massive Attack, Saint-Petersburg, 2010-09-26 (cropped).jpg
-| caption = [[Robert Del Naja|3D]] and [[Daddy G]] in [[Saint Petersburg]], 2010
-| alt = The band onstage
-| landscape = yes
-| background = group_or_band
-| alias = Massive{{efn|The group was temporarily known simply as "Massive" in 1991 (for the release of "[[Unfinished Sympathy]]" and some editions of ''[[Blue Lines]]'') due to the [[Gulf War]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Cool Appeal of Massive Attack|work=[[BBC News]] Entertainment|date=27 February 2003|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/2804975.stm|access-date=25 March 2019}}</ref>}}
-| origin = [[Bristol]], England
-| years_active = 1988–present
-| genre = <!-- Do not add unsourced genres -->{{hlist|[[Trip hop]]|[[Electronic music|electronic]]}}
-| label = {{hlist|Wild Bunch|Circa|[[Virgin Records|Virgin]]}}
-| website = [http://www.massiveattack.co.uk/ massiveattack.co.uk]
-| spinoff_of = [[The Wild Bunch (sound system)|The Wild Bunch]]
-| current_members = {{plainlist|
-* [[Robert Del Naja|Robert "3D" Del Naja]]
+| name = Massive Attack
+| image = Massive Attack, Saint-Petersburg, 2010-09-26 (cropped).jpg
+| caption = [[Robert Del Naja|3D]] and [[Daddy G]] performing in [[Saint Petersburg]], Russia in 2010
+| alt = The band onstage
+| landscape = yes
+| background = group_or_band
+| alias = Massive{{efn|The group was temporarily known simply as "Massive" in 1991 (for the release of "[[Unfinished Sympathy]]" and some editions of ''[[Blue Lines]]'') due to the [[Gulf War]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Cool Appeal of Massive Attack|work=[[BBC News]] Entertainment|date=27 February 2003|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/2804975.stm|access-date=25 March 2019}}</ref>}}
+| origin = [[Bristol]],{{fact}}<nowiki> [[England], UK</nowiki>
+| years_active = 1988–present
+| genre = <!-- Do not add unsourced genres -->{{hlist|[[Trip hop]]|[[Electronic music|electronic]]}}
+| label = {{hlist|Wild Bunch|Circa|[[Virgin Records|Virgin]]}}
+| website = [http://www.massiveattack.co.uk/ massiveattack.co.uk]
+| spinoff_of = [[The Wild Bunch (sound system)|The Wild Bunch]]
+| current_members = {{plainlist|
+* [[Robert Del Naja|Robert "3D" Del Naja]]<ref name="signs">https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/banksy-robert-del-naja-massive-attack-art-who-is-he-identity-real-name-graffiti-music-similarities-a7805741.html</ref>
* [[Tricky (musician)|Adrian "Tricky" Thaws]]
* [[Daddy G|Grant "Daddy G" Marshall]]}}
-| past_members = {{plainlist|
+| past_members = {{plainlist|
* [[Andrew Vowles|Andrew "Mushroom" Vowles]]
* [[Neil Davidge]]
@@ -32,5 +32,5 @@
}}
-'''Massive Attack''' are<!-- This article uses British English, which uses the plural form of grammar whilst referring to rock bands. Please see WP:ENGVAR for more information. --> an English [[trip hop]] collective formed in 1988 in [[Bristol]] by [[Robert Del Naja|Robert "3D" Del Naja]], [[Tricky (musician)|Adrian "Tricky" Thaws]], [[Andrew Vowles|Andrew "Mushroom" Vowles]] and [[Daddy G|Grant "Daddy G" Marshall]]. The group currently consists of Del Naja, Thaws, and Marshall.
+'''Massive Attack''' are<!-- This article uses British English, which uses the plural form of grammar whilst referring to rock bands. Please see WP:ENGVAR for more information. --> an English [[trip hop]] collective formed in 1988 in [[Bristol]] by [[Robert Del Naja|Robert "3D" Del Naja]], [[Tricky (musician)|Adrian "Tricky" Thaws]], [[Andrew Vowles|Andrew "Mushroom" Vowles]], and [[Daddy G|Grant "Daddy G" Marshall]]. The group currently consists of Del Naja "3D", Thaws "Tricky", and Marshall "Daddy G".
The debut Massive Attack album, ''[[Blue Lines]]'', was released in 1991. The single "[[Unfinished Sympathy]]" was a chart hit in Europe, including number one on the [[Dutch Top 40]], and was later voted the 63rd-greatest song of all time in a poll by ''[[NME]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nme.com/photos/the-500-greatest-songs-of-all-time-100-1/330996/37/1|title= The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time: 63. Massive Attack – 'Unfinished Sympathy' (1991, Virgin)|work=NME|access-date=17 September 2014}}</ref> Their 1994 sophomore album [[Protection (Massive Attack album)|''Protection'']] debuted at number four in the UK.
@@ -135,5 +135,5 @@
On 5 February 2014, it was confirmed that Massive Attack would headline at Secret Solstice, a new music festival in [[Reykjavík]] in June.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.newsoficeland.com/entertainment/music/item/319-massive-attack-will-perform-at-secret-solstice-in-iceland-next-summer |title=Massive Attack will perform at Secret Solstice in Iceland next summer |publisher=News of Iceland |access-date=2 March 2014 |archive-date=1 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140901183322/http://www.newsoficeland.com/entertainment/music/item/319-massive-attack-will-perform-at-secret-solstice-in-iceland-next-summer |url-status=dead }}</ref> On 21 February 2015, it was confirmed through the Massive Attack Facebook page that they would be collaborating with [[Run the Jewels]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.facebook.com/massiveattack/photos/a.163928704256.143181.19159654256/10153121358429257/?type=1&theater |title=Massive Attack announce collaboration with Run the Jewels | publisher=Massive Attack |access-date=21 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|last1=Peters|first1=Mitchell|title=Run the Jewels In the Studio With Massive Attack|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/the-juice/6480213/run-the-jewels-in-the-studio-with-massive-attack|magazine=Billboard|access-date=27 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Britton|first1=Luke Morgan|title=Run The Jewels working in studio with Massive Attack|url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/run-the-jewels-58-1222041|access-date=27 February 2018|work=NME|date=21 February 2015}}</ref>
-On 21 January 2016, the iPhone application "Fantom" was released. The application was developed by a team including Del Naja and let users hear parts of four new songs by remixing them in real time, using the phone's location, movement, clock, heartbeat, and camera.
+On 21 January 2016, the iPhone application "Fantom" was released. The application was developed by a team including Del Naja and let users hear parts of four new songs by remixing them in real time, using the phone's location, movement, clock, heartbeat, and camera.{{Cn|date={{subst:CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{subst:CURRENTYEAR}}}}
On 28 January 2016, Massive Attack released a new EP, ''[[Ritual Spirit]]'', which includes the four songs released on Fantom. The EP was written and produced by Del Naja and new collaborator, Euan Dickinson.
@@ -188,8 +188,4 @@
Massive Attack donated all proceeds from their 2010 EP ''Atlas Air'' to [[War Child (charity)|War Child]], a charity the band previously supported when they contributed to ''[[The Help Album]].''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/6music/news/231110_massiveattack.shtml|title=BBC – 6Music News – Massive Attack for War Child|publisher=[[BBC]]|access-date=15 September 2012}}</ref>
-
-In late July 2014, Del Naja and Marshall visited the [[Bourj el-Barajneh|Bourj El-Barajneh]] [[refugee camp]] in Lebanon to meet with Palestinian volunteers at an educational centre. The band's profit from the show in Byblos was donated to the centre.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/massive-attack-visit-palestinian-refugees-in-lebanon-all-of-them-have-a-right-to-a-life-of-dignity-and-beauty-9635645.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220512/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/massive-attack-visit-palestinian-refugees-in-lebanon-all-of-them-have-a-right-to-a-life-of-dignity-and-beauty-9635645.html |archive-date=12 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Massive Attack visit Palestinian refugees in Lebanon: 'All of them have a right to a life of dignity and beauty' – People — News |work=The Independent|date=29 July 2014 |access-date=17 September 2014}}</ref>
-
-In 2017, Massive Attack performed three shows in support of Hoping, an organisation that helps raise money and supports projects for Palestinian youth in refugee camps in the [[Gaza Strip]] and the [[West Bank]], [[Lebanon]] and [[Syria]].{{citation needed|date=August 2020}}
=== British politics ===
@@ -212,5 +208,7 @@
==== Israeli-Palestinian conflict ====
-Massive Attack have previously played two shows in [[Israel]], but have refused to perform there since 1999 "as a form of non-violent pressure on Israel to end its brutal [[occupation of Palestine]]".<ref>{{cite news|last=Duran|first=Anagricel|date= 12 January 2024|title=Massive Attack speak out on their boycott of gigs in Israel since 1999|newspaper=NME|url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/massive-attack-speak-out-on-their-boycott-of-gigs-in-israel-since-1999-3570102|access-date=7 February 2024}}</ref> They have described their decision as "not an action of aggression towards the Israeli people", but "towards the [Israeli] [[Israeli government|government]] and its policies", arguing that "the Palestinians [in [[Gaza Strip|Gaza]] and the [[West Bank]]] have no access to the same fundamental benefits that the Israelis do."<ref name="NS">{{cite news|last=Parry|first=William|date=3 September 2010|title=The silent treatment|newspaper=New Statesman|url=http://www.newstatesman.com/music/2010/09/israel-interview-boycott-naja|access-date=26 August 2020}}</ref> In May 2020, Massive Attack co-signed an open letter urging Israel to end the [[blockade of the Gaza Strip]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Hundreds of artists urge Israel to end Gaza blockade |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/5/16/hundreds-of-artists-urge-israel-to-end-gaza-blockade |work=Al Jazeera |date=16 May 2020}}</ref>
+In late July 2014, Del Naja and Marshall visited the [[Bourj el-Barajneh|Bourj El-Barajneh]] [[refugee camp]] in Lebanon to meet with Palestinian volunteers at an educational centre. The band's profit from the show in Byblos was donated to the centre.<ref>{{cite web |date=29 July 2014 |title=Massive Attack visit Palestinian refugees in Lebanon: 'All of them have a right to a life of dignity and beauty' – People — News |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/massive-attack-visit-palestinian-refugees-in-lebanon-all-of-them-have-a-right-to-a-life-of-dignity-and-beauty-9635645.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220512/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/massive-attack-visit-palestinian-refugees-in-lebanon-all-of-them-have-a-right-to-a-life-of-dignity-and-beauty-9635645.html |archive-date=12 May 2022 |access-date=17 September 2014 |work=The Independent}}</ref> In 2017, Massive Attack performed three shows in support of Hoping, an organisation that helps raise money and supports projects for Palestinian youth in refugee camps in the [[Gaza Strip]] and the [[West Bank]], [[Lebanon]] and [[Syria]].{{Cn|date={{subst:CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{subst:CURRENTYEAR}}}}
+
+Massive Attack have previously played three shows in [[Israel]], but tried to refrain from doing so since the early 2000's "as a form of non-violent pressure on Israel to end its brutal [[occupation of Palestine]]".<ref>{{cite news|last=Duran|first=Anagricel|date= 12 January 2024|title=Massive Attack speak out on their boycott of gigs in Israel since 1999|newspaper=NME|url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/massive-attack-speak-out-on-their-boycott-of-gigs-in-israel-since-1999-3570102|access-date=7 February 2024}}</ref> They have described their decision as "not an action of aggression towards the Israeli people", but "towards the [Israeli] [[Israeli government|government]] and its policies", arguing that "the Palestinians [in [[Gaza Strip|Gaza]] and the [[West Bank]]] have no access to the same fundamental benefits that the Israelis do."<ref name="NS">{{cite news|last=Parry|first=William|date=3 September 2010|title=The silent treatment|newspaper=New Statesman|url=http://www.newstatesman.com/music/2010/09/israel-interview-boycott-naja|access-date=26 August 2020}}</ref> In May 2020, Massive Attack co-signed an open letter urging Israel to end the [[blockade of the Gaza Strip]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Hundreds of artists urge Israel to end Gaza blockade |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/5/16/hundreds-of-artists-urge-israel-to-end-gaza-blockade |work=Al Jazeera |date=16 May 2020}}</ref>
In May 2024, the group publicly expressed their support to the music acts who had decided to boycott [[The Great Escape Festival]] in [[Brighton and Hove]], in protest against the event's sponsor [[Barclays]] and its investments in companies supplying arms that were reportedly used by Israeli military forces in their [[Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip (2023–present)|invasion of the Gaza Strip]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Skinner |first=Tom |date=14 May 2024 |title=Over 100 acts have now dropped out of The Great Escape 2024 in Gaza boycott, with support from Massive Attack |url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/over-100-acts-have-now-dropped-out-of-the-great-escape-2024-in-gaza-boycott-with-support-from-massive-attack-3756090 |access-date=24 May 2024 |website=[[NME]] |language=en-GB}}</ref>
@@ -603,6 +601,5 @@
{{Massive Attack}}
{{Brit Dance Act}}
-{{Authority control}}
-
+{{Authority control}}{{engvarb}}
[[Category:Brit Award winners]]
[[Category:MTV Europe Music Award winners]]
' |
Unified diff of changes made by edit, pre-save transformed (edit_diff_pst) | '@@ -5,22 +5,22 @@
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2018}}
{{Infobox musical artist
-| name = Massive Attack
-| image = Massive Attack, Saint-Petersburg, 2010-09-26 (cropped).jpg
-| caption = [[Robert Del Naja|3D]] and [[Daddy G]] in [[Saint Petersburg]], 2010
-| alt = The band onstage
-| landscape = yes
-| background = group_or_band
-| alias = Massive{{efn|The group was temporarily known simply as "Massive" in 1991 (for the release of "[[Unfinished Sympathy]]" and some editions of ''[[Blue Lines]]'') due to the [[Gulf War]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Cool Appeal of Massive Attack|work=[[BBC News]] Entertainment|date=27 February 2003|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/2804975.stm|access-date=25 March 2019}}</ref>}}
-| origin = [[Bristol]], England
-| years_active = 1988–present
-| genre = <!-- Do not add unsourced genres -->{{hlist|[[Trip hop]]|[[Electronic music|electronic]]}}
-| label = {{hlist|Wild Bunch|Circa|[[Virgin Records|Virgin]]}}
-| website = [http://www.massiveattack.co.uk/ massiveattack.co.uk]
-| spinoff_of = [[The Wild Bunch (sound system)|The Wild Bunch]]
-| current_members = {{plainlist|
-* [[Robert Del Naja|Robert "3D" Del Naja]]
+| name = Massive Attack
+| image = Massive Attack, Saint-Petersburg, 2010-09-26 (cropped).jpg
+| caption = [[Robert Del Naja|3D]] and [[Daddy G]] performing in [[Saint Petersburg]], Russia in 2010
+| alt = The band onstage
+| landscape = yes
+| background = group_or_band
+| alias = Massive{{efn|The group was temporarily known simply as "Massive" in 1991 (for the release of "[[Unfinished Sympathy]]" and some editions of ''[[Blue Lines]]'') due to the [[Gulf War]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Cool Appeal of Massive Attack|work=[[BBC News]] Entertainment|date=27 February 2003|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/2804975.stm|access-date=25 March 2019}}</ref>}}
+| origin = [[Bristol]],{{fact}}<nowiki> [[England], UK</nowiki>
+| years_active = 1988–present
+| genre = <!-- Do not add unsourced genres -->{{hlist|[[Trip hop]]|[[Electronic music|electronic]]}}
+| label = {{hlist|Wild Bunch|Circa|[[Virgin Records|Virgin]]}}
+| website = [http://www.massiveattack.co.uk/ massiveattack.co.uk]
+| spinoff_of = [[The Wild Bunch (sound system)|The Wild Bunch]]
+| current_members = {{plainlist|
+* [[Robert Del Naja|Robert "3D" Del Naja]]<ref name="signs">https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/banksy-robert-del-naja-massive-attack-art-who-is-he-identity-real-name-graffiti-music-similarities-a7805741.html</ref>
* [[Tricky (musician)|Adrian "Tricky" Thaws]]
* [[Daddy G|Grant "Daddy G" Marshall]]}}
-| past_members = {{plainlist|
+| past_members = {{plainlist|
* [[Andrew Vowles|Andrew "Mushroom" Vowles]]
* [[Neil Davidge]]
@@ -32,5 +32,5 @@
}}
-'''Massive Attack''' are<!-- This article uses British English, which uses the plural form of grammar whilst referring to rock bands. Please see WP:ENGVAR for more information. --> an English [[trip hop]] collective formed in 1988 in [[Bristol]] by [[Robert Del Naja|Robert "3D" Del Naja]], [[Tricky (musician)|Adrian "Tricky" Thaws]], [[Andrew Vowles|Andrew "Mushroom" Vowles]] and [[Daddy G|Grant "Daddy G" Marshall]]. The group currently consists of Del Naja, Thaws, and Marshall.
+'''Massive Attack''' are<!-- This article uses British English, which uses the plural form of grammar whilst referring to rock bands. Please see WP:ENGVAR for more information. --> an English [[trip hop]] collective formed in 1988 in [[Bristol]] by [[Robert Del Naja|Robert "3D" Del Naja]], [[Tricky (musician)|Adrian "Tricky" Thaws]], [[Andrew Vowles|Andrew "Mushroom" Vowles]], and [[Daddy G|Grant "Daddy G" Marshall]]. The group currently consists of Del Naja "3D", Thaws "Tricky", and Marshall "Daddy G".
The debut Massive Attack album, ''[[Blue Lines]]'', was released in 1991. The single "[[Unfinished Sympathy]]" was a chart hit in Europe, including number one on the [[Dutch Top 40]], and was later voted the 63rd-greatest song of all time in a poll by ''[[NME]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nme.com/photos/the-500-greatest-songs-of-all-time-100-1/330996/37/1|title= The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time: 63. Massive Attack – 'Unfinished Sympathy' (1991, Virgin)|work=NME|access-date=17 September 2014}}</ref> Their 1994 sophomore album [[Protection (Massive Attack album)|''Protection'']] debuted at number four in the UK.
@@ -135,5 +135,5 @@
On 5 February 2014, it was confirmed that Massive Attack would headline at Secret Solstice, a new music festival in [[Reykjavík]] in June.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.newsoficeland.com/entertainment/music/item/319-massive-attack-will-perform-at-secret-solstice-in-iceland-next-summer |title=Massive Attack will perform at Secret Solstice in Iceland next summer |publisher=News of Iceland |access-date=2 March 2014 |archive-date=1 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140901183322/http://www.newsoficeland.com/entertainment/music/item/319-massive-attack-will-perform-at-secret-solstice-in-iceland-next-summer |url-status=dead }}</ref> On 21 February 2015, it was confirmed through the Massive Attack Facebook page that they would be collaborating with [[Run the Jewels]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.facebook.com/massiveattack/photos/a.163928704256.143181.19159654256/10153121358429257/?type=1&theater |title=Massive Attack announce collaboration with Run the Jewels | publisher=Massive Attack |access-date=21 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|last1=Peters|first1=Mitchell|title=Run the Jewels In the Studio With Massive Attack|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/the-juice/6480213/run-the-jewels-in-the-studio-with-massive-attack|magazine=Billboard|access-date=27 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Britton|first1=Luke Morgan|title=Run The Jewels working in studio with Massive Attack|url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/run-the-jewels-58-1222041|access-date=27 February 2018|work=NME|date=21 February 2015}}</ref>
-On 21 January 2016, the iPhone application "Fantom" was released. The application was developed by a team including Del Naja and let users hear parts of four new songs by remixing them in real time, using the phone's location, movement, clock, heartbeat, and camera.
+On 21 January 2016, the iPhone application "Fantom" was released. The application was developed by a team including Del Naja and let users hear parts of four new songs by remixing them in real time, using the phone's location, movement, clock, heartbeat, and camera.{{Cn|date=September 2024}}
On 28 January 2016, Massive Attack released a new EP, ''[[Ritual Spirit]]'', which includes the four songs released on Fantom. The EP was written and produced by Del Naja and new collaborator, Euan Dickinson.
@@ -188,8 +188,4 @@
Massive Attack donated all proceeds from their 2010 EP ''Atlas Air'' to [[War Child (charity)|War Child]], a charity the band previously supported when they contributed to ''[[The Help Album]].''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/6music/news/231110_massiveattack.shtml|title=BBC – 6Music News – Massive Attack for War Child|publisher=[[BBC]]|access-date=15 September 2012}}</ref>
-
-In late July 2014, Del Naja and Marshall visited the [[Bourj el-Barajneh|Bourj El-Barajneh]] [[refugee camp]] in Lebanon to meet with Palestinian volunteers at an educational centre. The band's profit from the show in Byblos was donated to the centre.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/massive-attack-visit-palestinian-refugees-in-lebanon-all-of-them-have-a-right-to-a-life-of-dignity-and-beauty-9635645.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220512/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/massive-attack-visit-palestinian-refugees-in-lebanon-all-of-them-have-a-right-to-a-life-of-dignity-and-beauty-9635645.html |archive-date=12 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Massive Attack visit Palestinian refugees in Lebanon: 'All of them have a right to a life of dignity and beauty' – People — News |work=The Independent|date=29 July 2014 |access-date=17 September 2014}}</ref>
-
-In 2017, Massive Attack performed three shows in support of Hoping, an organisation that helps raise money and supports projects for Palestinian youth in refugee camps in the [[Gaza Strip]] and the [[West Bank]], [[Lebanon]] and [[Syria]].{{citation needed|date=August 2020}}
=== British politics ===
@@ -212,5 +208,7 @@
==== Israeli-Palestinian conflict ====
-Massive Attack have previously played two shows in [[Israel]], but have refused to perform there since 1999 "as a form of non-violent pressure on Israel to end its brutal [[occupation of Palestine]]".<ref>{{cite news|last=Duran|first=Anagricel|date= 12 January 2024|title=Massive Attack speak out on their boycott of gigs in Israel since 1999|newspaper=NME|url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/massive-attack-speak-out-on-their-boycott-of-gigs-in-israel-since-1999-3570102|access-date=7 February 2024}}</ref> They have described their decision as "not an action of aggression towards the Israeli people", but "towards the [Israeli] [[Israeli government|government]] and its policies", arguing that "the Palestinians [in [[Gaza Strip|Gaza]] and the [[West Bank]]] have no access to the same fundamental benefits that the Israelis do."<ref name="NS">{{cite news|last=Parry|first=William|date=3 September 2010|title=The silent treatment|newspaper=New Statesman|url=http://www.newstatesman.com/music/2010/09/israel-interview-boycott-naja|access-date=26 August 2020}}</ref> In May 2020, Massive Attack co-signed an open letter urging Israel to end the [[blockade of the Gaza Strip]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Hundreds of artists urge Israel to end Gaza blockade |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/5/16/hundreds-of-artists-urge-israel-to-end-gaza-blockade |work=Al Jazeera |date=16 May 2020}}</ref>
+In late July 2014, Del Naja and Marshall visited the [[Bourj el-Barajneh|Bourj El-Barajneh]] [[refugee camp]] in Lebanon to meet with Palestinian volunteers at an educational centre. The band's profit from the show in Byblos was donated to the centre.<ref>{{cite web |date=29 July 2014 |title=Massive Attack visit Palestinian refugees in Lebanon: 'All of them have a right to a life of dignity and beauty' – People — News |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/massive-attack-visit-palestinian-refugees-in-lebanon-all-of-them-have-a-right-to-a-life-of-dignity-and-beauty-9635645.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220512/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/massive-attack-visit-palestinian-refugees-in-lebanon-all-of-them-have-a-right-to-a-life-of-dignity-and-beauty-9635645.html |archive-date=12 May 2022 |access-date=17 September 2014 |work=The Independent}}</ref> In 2017, Massive Attack performed three shows in support of Hoping, an organisation that helps raise money and supports projects for Palestinian youth in refugee camps in the [[Gaza Strip]] and the [[West Bank]], [[Lebanon]] and [[Syria]].{{Cn|date=September 2024}}
+
+Massive Attack have previously played three shows in [[Israel]], but tried to refrain from doing so since the early 2000's "as a form of non-violent pressure on Israel to end its brutal [[occupation of Palestine]]".<ref>{{cite news|last=Duran|first=Anagricel|date= 12 January 2024|title=Massive Attack speak out on their boycott of gigs in Israel since 1999|newspaper=NME|url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/massive-attack-speak-out-on-their-boycott-of-gigs-in-israel-since-1999-3570102|access-date=7 February 2024}}</ref> They have described their decision as "not an action of aggression towards the Israeli people", but "towards the [Israeli] [[Israeli government|government]] and its policies", arguing that "the Palestinians [in [[Gaza Strip|Gaza]] and the [[West Bank]]] have no access to the same fundamental benefits that the Israelis do."<ref name="NS">{{cite news|last=Parry|first=William|date=3 September 2010|title=The silent treatment|newspaper=New Statesman|url=http://www.newstatesman.com/music/2010/09/israel-interview-boycott-naja|access-date=26 August 2020}}</ref> In May 2020, Massive Attack co-signed an open letter urging Israel to end the [[blockade of the Gaza Strip]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Hundreds of artists urge Israel to end Gaza blockade |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/5/16/hundreds-of-artists-urge-israel-to-end-gaza-blockade |work=Al Jazeera |date=16 May 2020}}</ref>
In May 2024, the group publicly expressed their support to the music acts who had decided to boycott [[The Great Escape Festival]] in [[Brighton and Hove]], in protest against the event's sponsor [[Barclays]] and its investments in companies supplying arms that were reportedly used by Israeli military forces in their [[Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip (2023–present)|invasion of the Gaza Strip]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Skinner |first=Tom |date=14 May 2024 |title=Over 100 acts have now dropped out of The Great Escape 2024 in Gaza boycott, with support from Massive Attack |url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/over-100-acts-have-now-dropped-out-of-the-great-escape-2024-in-gaza-boycott-with-support-from-massive-attack-3756090 |access-date=24 May 2024 |website=[[NME]] |language=en-GB}}</ref>
@@ -603,6 +601,5 @@
{{Massive Attack}}
{{Brit Dance Act}}
-{{Authority control}}
-
+{{Authority control}}{{engvarb}}
[[Category:Brit Award winners]]
[[Category:MTV Europe Music Award winners]]
' |
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Lines added in edit (added_lines) | [
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1 => '| image = Massive Attack, Saint-Petersburg, 2010-09-26 (cropped).jpg',
2 => '| caption = [[Robert Del Naja|3D]] and [[Daddy G]] performing in [[Saint Petersburg]], Russia in 2010',
3 => '| alt = The band onstage',
4 => '| landscape = yes',
5 => '| background = group_or_band',
6 => '| alias = Massive{{efn|The group was temporarily known simply as "Massive" in 1991 (for the release of "[[Unfinished Sympathy]]" and some editions of ''[[Blue Lines]]'') due to the [[Gulf War]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Cool Appeal of Massive Attack|work=[[BBC News]] Entertainment|date=27 February 2003|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/2804975.stm|access-date=25 March 2019}}</ref>}}',
7 => '| origin = [[Bristol]],{{fact}}<nowiki> [[England], UK</nowiki>',
8 => '| years_active = 1988–present',
9 => '| genre = <!-- Do not add unsourced genres -->{{hlist|[[Trip hop]]|[[Electronic music|electronic]]}}',
10 => '| label = {{hlist|Wild Bunch|Circa|[[Virgin Records|Virgin]]}}',
11 => '| website = [http://www.massiveattack.co.uk/ massiveattack.co.uk]',
12 => '| spinoff_of = [[The Wild Bunch (sound system)|The Wild Bunch]]',
13 => '| current_members = {{plainlist|',
14 => '* [[Robert Del Naja|Robert "3D" Del Naja]]<ref name="signs">https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/banksy-robert-del-naja-massive-attack-art-who-is-he-identity-real-name-graffiti-music-similarities-a7805741.html</ref>',
15 => '| past_members = {{plainlist|',
16 => ''''Massive Attack''' are<!-- This article uses British English, which uses the plural form of grammar whilst referring to rock bands. Please see WP:ENGVAR for more information. --> an English [[trip hop]] collective formed in 1988 in [[Bristol]] by [[Robert Del Naja|Robert "3D" Del Naja]], [[Tricky (musician)|Adrian "Tricky" Thaws]], [[Andrew Vowles|Andrew "Mushroom" Vowles]], and [[Daddy G|Grant "Daddy G" Marshall]]. The group currently consists of Del Naja "3D", Thaws "Tricky", and Marshall "Daddy G".',
17 => 'On 21 January 2016, the iPhone application "Fantom" was released. The application was developed by a team including Del Naja and let users hear parts of four new songs by remixing them in real time, using the phone's location, movement, clock, heartbeat, and camera.{{Cn|date={{subst:CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{subst:CURRENTYEAR}}}}',
18 => 'In late July 2014, Del Naja and Marshall visited the [[Bourj el-Barajneh|Bourj El-Barajneh]] [[refugee camp]] in Lebanon to meet with Palestinian volunteers at an educational centre. The band's profit from the show in Byblos was donated to the centre.<ref>{{cite web |date=29 July 2014 |title=Massive Attack visit Palestinian refugees in Lebanon: 'All of them have a right to a life of dignity and beauty' – People — News |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/massive-attack-visit-palestinian-refugees-in-lebanon-all-of-them-have-a-right-to-a-life-of-dignity-and-beauty-9635645.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220512/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/massive-attack-visit-palestinian-refugees-in-lebanon-all-of-them-have-a-right-to-a-life-of-dignity-and-beauty-9635645.html |archive-date=12 May 2022 |access-date=17 September 2014 |work=The Independent}}</ref> In 2017, Massive Attack performed three shows in support of Hoping, an organisation that helps raise money and supports projects for Palestinian youth in refugee camps in the [[Gaza Strip]] and the [[West Bank]], [[Lebanon]] and [[Syria]].{{Cn|date={{subst:CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{subst:CURRENTYEAR}}}} ',
19 => '',
20 => 'Massive Attack have previously played three shows in [[Israel]], but tried to refrain from doing so since the early 2000's "as a form of non-violent pressure on Israel to end its brutal [[occupation of Palestine]]".<ref>{{cite news|last=Duran|first=Anagricel|date= 12 January 2024|title=Massive Attack speak out on their boycott of gigs in Israel since 1999|newspaper=NME|url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/massive-attack-speak-out-on-their-boycott-of-gigs-in-israel-since-1999-3570102|access-date=7 February 2024}}</ref> They have described their decision as "not an action of aggression towards the Israeli people", but "towards the [Israeli] [[Israeli government|government]] and its policies", arguing that "the Palestinians [in [[Gaza Strip|Gaza]] and the [[West Bank]]] have no access to the same fundamental benefits that the Israelis do."<ref name="NS">{{cite news|last=Parry|first=William|date=3 September 2010|title=The silent treatment|newspaper=New Statesman|url=http://www.newstatesman.com/music/2010/09/israel-interview-boycott-naja|access-date=26 August 2020}}</ref> In May 2020, Massive Attack co-signed an open letter urging Israel to end the [[blockade of the Gaza Strip]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Hundreds of artists urge Israel to end Gaza blockade |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/5/16/hundreds-of-artists-urge-israel-to-end-gaza-blockade |work=Al Jazeera |date=16 May 2020}}</ref>',
21 => '{{Authority control}}{{engvarb}}'
] |
Lines removed in edit (removed_lines) | [
0 => '| name = Massive Attack',
1 => '| image = Massive Attack, Saint-Petersburg, 2010-09-26 (cropped).jpg',
2 => '| caption = [[Robert Del Naja|3D]] and [[Daddy G]] in [[Saint Petersburg]], 2010',
3 => '| alt = The band onstage',
4 => '| landscape = yes',
5 => '| background = group_or_band',
6 => '| alias = Massive{{efn|The group was temporarily known simply as "Massive" in 1991 (for the release of "[[Unfinished Sympathy]]" and some editions of ''[[Blue Lines]]'') due to the [[Gulf War]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Cool Appeal of Massive Attack|work=[[BBC News]] Entertainment|date=27 February 2003|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/2804975.stm|access-date=25 March 2019}}</ref>}}',
7 => '| origin = [[Bristol]], England',
8 => '| years_active = 1988–present',
9 => '| genre = <!-- Do not add unsourced genres -->{{hlist|[[Trip hop]]|[[Electronic music|electronic]]}}',
10 => '| label = {{hlist|Wild Bunch|Circa|[[Virgin Records|Virgin]]}}',
11 => '| website = [http://www.massiveattack.co.uk/ massiveattack.co.uk]',
12 => '| spinoff_of = [[The Wild Bunch (sound system)|The Wild Bunch]]',
13 => '| current_members = {{plainlist|',
14 => '* [[Robert Del Naja|Robert "3D" Del Naja]]',
15 => '| past_members = {{plainlist|',
16 => ''''Massive Attack''' are<!-- This article uses British English, which uses the plural form of grammar whilst referring to rock bands. Please see WP:ENGVAR for more information. --> an English [[trip hop]] collective formed in 1988 in [[Bristol]] by [[Robert Del Naja|Robert "3D" Del Naja]], [[Tricky (musician)|Adrian "Tricky" Thaws]], [[Andrew Vowles|Andrew "Mushroom" Vowles]] and [[Daddy G|Grant "Daddy G" Marshall]]. The group currently consists of Del Naja, Thaws, and Marshall.',
17 => 'On 21 January 2016, the iPhone application "Fantom" was released. The application was developed by a team including Del Naja and let users hear parts of four new songs by remixing them in real time, using the phone's location, movement, clock, heartbeat, and camera.',
18 => '',
19 => 'In late July 2014, Del Naja and Marshall visited the [[Bourj el-Barajneh|Bourj El-Barajneh]] [[refugee camp]] in Lebanon to meet with Palestinian volunteers at an educational centre. The band's profit from the show in Byblos was donated to the centre.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/massive-attack-visit-palestinian-refugees-in-lebanon-all-of-them-have-a-right-to-a-life-of-dignity-and-beauty-9635645.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220512/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/massive-attack-visit-palestinian-refugees-in-lebanon-all-of-them-have-a-right-to-a-life-of-dignity-and-beauty-9635645.html |archive-date=12 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Massive Attack visit Palestinian refugees in Lebanon: 'All of them have a right to a life of dignity and beauty' – People — News |work=The Independent|date=29 July 2014 |access-date=17 September 2014}}</ref>',
20 => '',
21 => 'In 2017, Massive Attack performed three shows in support of Hoping, an organisation that helps raise money and supports projects for Palestinian youth in refugee camps in the [[Gaza Strip]] and the [[West Bank]], [[Lebanon]] and [[Syria]].{{citation needed|date=August 2020}}',
22 => 'Massive Attack have previously played two shows in [[Israel]], but have refused to perform there since 1999 "as a form of non-violent pressure on Israel to end its brutal [[occupation of Palestine]]".<ref>{{cite news|last=Duran|first=Anagricel|date= 12 January 2024|title=Massive Attack speak out on their boycott of gigs in Israel since 1999|newspaper=NME|url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/massive-attack-speak-out-on-their-boycott-of-gigs-in-israel-since-1999-3570102|access-date=7 February 2024}}</ref> They have described their decision as "not an action of aggression towards the Israeli people", but "towards the [Israeli] [[Israeli government|government]] and its policies", arguing that "the Palestinians [in [[Gaza Strip|Gaza]] and the [[West Bank]]] have no access to the same fundamental benefits that the Israelis do."<ref name="NS">{{cite news|last=Parry|first=William|date=3 September 2010|title=The silent treatment|newspaper=New Statesman|url=http://www.newstatesman.com/music/2010/09/israel-interview-boycott-naja|access-date=26 August 2020}}</ref> In May 2020, Massive Attack co-signed an open letter urging Israel to end the [[blockade of the Gaza Strip]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Hundreds of artists urge Israel to end Gaza blockade |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/5/16/hundreds-of-artists-urge-israel-to-end-gaza-blockade |work=Al Jazeera |date=16 May 2020}}</ref>',
23 => '{{Authority control}}',
24 => ''
] |
Lines added in edit, pre-save transformed (added_lines_pst) | [
0 => '| name = Massive Attack',
1 => '| image = Massive Attack, Saint-Petersburg, 2010-09-26 (cropped).jpg',
2 => '| caption = [[Robert Del Naja|3D]] and [[Daddy G]] performing in [[Saint Petersburg]], Russia in 2010',
3 => '| alt = The band onstage',
4 => '| landscape = yes',
5 => '| background = group_or_band',
6 => '| alias = Massive{{efn|The group was temporarily known simply as "Massive" in 1991 (for the release of "[[Unfinished Sympathy]]" and some editions of ''[[Blue Lines]]'') due to the [[Gulf War]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Cool Appeal of Massive Attack|work=[[BBC News]] Entertainment|date=27 February 2003|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/2804975.stm|access-date=25 March 2019}}</ref>}}',
7 => '| origin = [[Bristol]],{{fact}}<nowiki> [[England], UK</nowiki>',
8 => '| years_active = 1988–present',
9 => '| genre = <!-- Do not add unsourced genres -->{{hlist|[[Trip hop]]|[[Electronic music|electronic]]}}',
10 => '| label = {{hlist|Wild Bunch|Circa|[[Virgin Records|Virgin]]}}',
11 => '| website = [http://www.massiveattack.co.uk/ massiveattack.co.uk]',
12 => '| spinoff_of = [[The Wild Bunch (sound system)|The Wild Bunch]]',
13 => '| current_members = {{plainlist|',
14 => '* [[Robert Del Naja|Robert "3D" Del Naja]]<ref name="signs">https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/banksy-robert-del-naja-massive-attack-art-who-is-he-identity-real-name-graffiti-music-similarities-a7805741.html</ref>',
15 => '| past_members = {{plainlist|',
16 => ''''Massive Attack''' are<!-- This article uses British English, which uses the plural form of grammar whilst referring to rock bands. Please see WP:ENGVAR for more information. --> an English [[trip hop]] collective formed in 1988 in [[Bristol]] by [[Robert Del Naja|Robert "3D" Del Naja]], [[Tricky (musician)|Adrian "Tricky" Thaws]], [[Andrew Vowles|Andrew "Mushroom" Vowles]], and [[Daddy G|Grant "Daddy G" Marshall]]. The group currently consists of Del Naja "3D", Thaws "Tricky", and Marshall "Daddy G".',
17 => 'On 21 January 2016, the iPhone application "Fantom" was released. The application was developed by a team including Del Naja and let users hear parts of four new songs by remixing them in real time, using the phone's location, movement, clock, heartbeat, and camera.{{Cn|date=September 2024}}',
18 => 'In late July 2014, Del Naja and Marshall visited the [[Bourj el-Barajneh|Bourj El-Barajneh]] [[refugee camp]] in Lebanon to meet with Palestinian volunteers at an educational centre. The band's profit from the show in Byblos was donated to the centre.<ref>{{cite web |date=29 July 2014 |title=Massive Attack visit Palestinian refugees in Lebanon: 'All of them have a right to a life of dignity and beauty' – People — News |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/massive-attack-visit-palestinian-refugees-in-lebanon-all-of-them-have-a-right-to-a-life-of-dignity-and-beauty-9635645.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220512/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/massive-attack-visit-palestinian-refugees-in-lebanon-all-of-them-have-a-right-to-a-life-of-dignity-and-beauty-9635645.html |archive-date=12 May 2022 |access-date=17 September 2014 |work=The Independent}}</ref> In 2017, Massive Attack performed three shows in support of Hoping, an organisation that helps raise money and supports projects for Palestinian youth in refugee camps in the [[Gaza Strip]] and the [[West Bank]], [[Lebanon]] and [[Syria]].{{Cn|date=September 2024}} ',
19 => '',
20 => 'Massive Attack have previously played three shows in [[Israel]], but tried to refrain from doing so since the early 2000's "as a form of non-violent pressure on Israel to end its brutal [[occupation of Palestine]]".<ref>{{cite news|last=Duran|first=Anagricel|date= 12 January 2024|title=Massive Attack speak out on their boycott of gigs in Israel since 1999|newspaper=NME|url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/massive-attack-speak-out-on-their-boycott-of-gigs-in-israel-since-1999-3570102|access-date=7 February 2024}}</ref> They have described their decision as "not an action of aggression towards the Israeli people", but "towards the [Israeli] [[Israeli government|government]] and its policies", arguing that "the Palestinians [in [[Gaza Strip|Gaza]] and the [[West Bank]]] have no access to the same fundamental benefits that the Israelis do."<ref name="NS">{{cite news|last=Parry|first=William|date=3 September 2010|title=The silent treatment|newspaper=New Statesman|url=http://www.newstatesman.com/music/2010/09/israel-interview-boycott-naja|access-date=26 August 2020}}</ref> In May 2020, Massive Attack co-signed an open letter urging Israel to end the [[blockade of the Gaza Strip]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Hundreds of artists urge Israel to end Gaza blockade |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/5/16/hundreds-of-artists-urge-israel-to-end-gaza-blockade |work=Al Jazeera |date=16 May 2020}}</ref>',
21 => '{{Authority control}}{{engvarb}}'
] |
All external links added in the edit (added_links) | [
0 => 'https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/banksy-robert-del-naja-massive-attack-art-who-is-he-identity-real-name-graffiti-music-similarities-a7805741.html'
] |
All external links removed in the edit (removed_links) | [] |
All external links in the new text (all_links) | [
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35 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20110713030438/http://www.inflightdata.com/superpredators.html',
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70 => 'https://pitchfork.com/news/massive-attack-release-new-audiovisual-ep-eutopia-watch/',
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74 => 'https://www.allmusic.com/explore/style/d2644',
75 => 'https://web.archive.org/web/20061027212620/http://www.hour.ca/music/music.aspx?iIDArticle=10216',
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127 => 'https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211030/7BG4zLu0yJQ',
128 => 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7BG4zLu0yJQ',
129 => 'https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/sep/06/massive-attack-call-for-government-plan-to-cut-live-musics-carbon-emissions',
130 => 'https://pitchfork.com/news/massive-attack-unveil-plan-to-reduce-carbon-emissions-across-music-industry/',
131 => 'https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20240717-the-band-that-doesnt-want-you-to-travel-for-their-tour',
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172 => 'https://www.idref.fr/081475098'
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2 => 'http://67.222.54.247/33//2007/01/interview-with-cameron-booga-bear-mcvey.html',
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9 => 'http://suicidegirls.com/interviews/Massive+Attack:+Heligoland+/',
10 => 'http://www.newstatesman.com/music/2010/09/israel-interview-boycott-naja',
11 => 'http://www.greenpeace.org.uk/media/press-releases/river-thames-to-host-protest',
12 => 'http://www.reprieve.org.uk/press/2008_07_07memoriesofmeltdown/',
13 => 'http://www.reprieve.org.uk/blog/2010_03_18massive_attack_speaks_out_music_torture/',
14 => 'http://saveourgulf.org/updates/massive-attack-donate-proceeds-lincoln-car-commercial-clean-ef',
15 => 'http://www.hour.ca/music/music.aspx?iIDArticle=10216',
16 => 'http://www.bristol247.com/2012/11/14/bristol-mayor-massive-attack-give-vocal-backing-for-ferguson-25128/',
17 => 'http://www.dazeddigital.com/artsandculture/article/12575/1/occupy-2012',
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19 => 'http://louderthanwar.com/an-open-letter-to-massive-attack-and-adam-curtis/',
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New page wikitext, pre-save transformed (new_pst) | '{{Short description|English trip hop group}}
{{About||the Nicki Minaj song|Massive Attack (song)}}
{{pp-move-indef}}
{{Use British English|date=February 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2018}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Massive Attack
| image = Massive Attack, Saint-Petersburg, 2010-09-26 (cropped).jpg
| caption = [[Robert Del Naja|3D]] and [[Daddy G]] performing in [[Saint Petersburg]], Russia in 2010
| alt = The band onstage
| landscape = yes
| background = group_or_band
| alias = Massive{{efn|The group was temporarily known simply as "Massive" in 1991 (for the release of "[[Unfinished Sympathy]]" and some editions of ''[[Blue Lines]]'') due to the [[Gulf War]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Cool Appeal of Massive Attack|work=[[BBC News]] Entertainment|date=27 February 2003|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/2804975.stm|access-date=25 March 2019}}</ref>}}
| origin = [[Bristol]],{{fact}}<nowiki> [[England], UK</nowiki>
| years_active = 1988–present
| genre = <!-- Do not add unsourced genres -->{{hlist|[[Trip hop]]|[[Electronic music|electronic]]}}
| label = {{hlist|Wild Bunch|Circa|[[Virgin Records|Virgin]]}}
| website = [http://www.massiveattack.co.uk/ massiveattack.co.uk]
| spinoff_of = [[The Wild Bunch (sound system)|The Wild Bunch]]
| current_members = {{plainlist|
* [[Robert Del Naja|Robert "3D" Del Naja]]<ref name="signs">https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/banksy-robert-del-naja-massive-attack-art-who-is-he-identity-real-name-graffiti-music-similarities-a7805741.html</ref>
* [[Tricky (musician)|Adrian "Tricky" Thaws]]
* [[Daddy G|Grant "Daddy G" Marshall]]}}
| past_members = {{plainlist|
* [[Andrew Vowles|Andrew "Mushroom" Vowles]]
* [[Neil Davidge]]
* [[Horace Andy]]
* [[Stephanie Dosen]]
* [[Tracey Thorn]]
* [[Shara Nelson]]
}}
}}
'''Massive Attack''' are<!-- This article uses British English, which uses the plural form of grammar whilst referring to rock bands. Please see WP:ENGVAR for more information. --> an English [[trip hop]] collective formed in 1988 in [[Bristol]] by [[Robert Del Naja|Robert "3D" Del Naja]], [[Tricky (musician)|Adrian "Tricky" Thaws]], [[Andrew Vowles|Andrew "Mushroom" Vowles]], and [[Daddy G|Grant "Daddy G" Marshall]]. The group currently consists of Del Naja "3D", Thaws "Tricky", and Marshall "Daddy G".
The debut Massive Attack album, ''[[Blue Lines]]'', was released in 1991. The single "[[Unfinished Sympathy]]" was a chart hit in Europe, including number one on the [[Dutch Top 40]], and was later voted the 63rd-greatest song of all time in a poll by ''[[NME]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nme.com/photos/the-500-greatest-songs-of-all-time-100-1/330996/37/1|title= The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time: 63. Massive Attack – 'Unfinished Sympathy' (1991, Virgin)|work=NME|access-date=17 September 2014}}</ref> Their 1994 sophomore album [[Protection (Massive Attack album)|''Protection'']] debuted at number four in the UK.
The band reached number one on the [[UK Albums Chart]] with 1998's ''[[Mezzanine (album)|Mezzanine]]'' and 2003's ''[[100th Window]].'' The former contains "[[Teardrop (song)|Teardrop]]", a top 10 single in the UK which earned further recognition as the opening theme to the American television series [[House (TV series)|''House'']].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Melchior |first=Al |date=2024-06-13 |title=The Story Behind "Teardrop" by Massive Attack and How It's Connected to a Pair of Music Legends and a Popular TV Show |url=https://americansongwriter.com/the-story-behind-teardrop-by-massive-attack-and-how-its-connected-to-music-legends-and-a-popular-tv-show/ |access-date=2024-08-31 |website=American Songwriter |language=en-US}}</ref> Both ''Blue Lines'' and ''Mezzanine'' feature in ''[[Rolling Stone]]''{{'}}s list of the [[Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time|500 Greatest Albums of All Time]].<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/500-greatest-albums-of-all-time-20120531/massive-attack-blue-lines-19691231 |title=500 Greatest Albums of All Time: Blue Lines – Massive Attack |magazine=Rolling Stone |access-date=17 September 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120718091303/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/500-greatest-albums-of-all-time-20120531/massive-attack-blue-lines-19691231 |archive-date=18 July 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rockonthenet.com/archive/2003/rs500albums5.htm|title=500 Greatest Albums of All Time: Mezzanine – Massive Attack |website= Rockonthenet.com|access-date=17 September 2014}}</ref>
The group have collaborated with several recurring guest vocalists, including [[Horace Andy]], [[Tracey Thorn]], [[Elizabeth Fraser]], [[Sinéad O'Connor]] and [[Hope Sandoval]].
Massive Attack's awards include a [[Brit Award]] for Best British Dance Act, two [[MTV Europe Music Awards]], and two [[Q Awards]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.brits.co.uk/artist/massive-attack|title=Massive Attack: BRITs Profile|publisher=Brit Awards|access-date=17 September 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141008074914/http://www.brits.co.uk/artist/massive-attack|archive-date=8 October 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.metrolyrics.com/massive-attack-awards-featured.html|title=Awards & Features: Massive Attack|website=Metrolyrics.com|access-date=17 September 2014|archive-date=1 August 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130801120209/http://www.metrolyrics.com/massive-attack-awards-featured.html|url-status=unfit}}</ref> Their five studio albums have sold over 13 million copies worldwide.<ref name="auto">{{Cite book|title=Massive Attack: Out Of The Comfort Zone|first=Melissa|last=Chemam|date=4 March 2019|id={{ASIN|1910089729|country=uk}}}}</ref> Massive Attack are also known for supporting several political, human rights and [[Environmentalism in music|environmental]] causes.
==History==
Deejays Daddy G, Andrew Vowles, musician and rapper Tricky, and [[graffiti]] artist-turned-[[rapping|rapper]] Robert Del Naja met as members of partying collective [[The Wild Bunch (sound system)|the Wild Bunch]]. One of the first homegrown [[Sound system (DJ)|soundsystems]] in the UK, the Wild Bunch became dominant on the Bristol club scene in the mid-1980s.<ref name="auto"/>
Massive Attack started as a spin-off production quartet in 1988, with the [[Independent music|independently]] released song, "Any Love", sung by [[falsetto]]-voiced singer-songwriter [[Carlton (singer)|Carlton McCarthy]], and then they signed to Circa Records<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.allbusiness.com/retail-trade/miscellaneous-retail-retail-stores-not/4629212-1.html |title=Virgin Anniversary Salute: The U.S.: Co-presidents Cooper And Newton Are An Illustrious Pair Who Travel Well And Know Their Places |publisher=Billboard (as found at allbusiness.com) |date=5 September 1998 |access-date=26 May 2009 |last=Henderson |first=Richard |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100827221134/http://www.allbusiness.com/retail-trade/miscellaneous-retail-retail-stores-not/4629212-1.html |archive-date=27 August 2010 }}</ref> in 1990—committing to deliver six studio albums and a "best of" [[compilation album|compilation]]. Circa became a subsidiary of, and was later subsumed into, [[Virgin Records]], which in turn was acquired by [[EMI]].<ref name=allmusicbio>{{Cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/massive-attack-mn0000378288/biography|title=Massive Attack | Biography & History|website=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=7 October 2019}}</ref><ref name=timedigital>{{cite news|url=http://www.time.com/time/digital/cyberelite/39.html |title=Cyber Elite – Massive Attack |publisher=Time Digital |access-date=20 May 2009 |date=5 October 1998 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100327033621/http://www.time.com/time/digital/cyberelite/39.html |archive-date=27 March 2010 }}</ref> ''Blue Lines'' (1991), was co-produced by [[Jonny Dollar]] and [[Cameron McVey]], McVey also became their first manager.<ref name=brandplayson>{{cite news|url=https://www.smh.com.au/articles/2003/02/14/1044927795994.html|title=The brand plays on|newspaper=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]|date=15 February 2003|access-date=20 May 2009}}</ref> McVey (credited at the time as 'Booga Bear') and his wife, [[Neneh Cherry]], provided crucial financial support and in-kind assistance to the early careers of Massive Attack, [[Portishead (band)|Portishead]], and [[Tricky (musician)|Tricky]] during this period, even paying regular wages to them through their Cherry Bear organisation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://67.222.54.247/33//2007/01/interview-with-cameron-booga-bear-mcvey.html|title=Interview with Cameron 'Booga Bear' McVey|publisher=Reseize|date=15 January 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110705234710/http://67.222.54.247/33//2007/01/interview-with-cameron-booga-bear-mcvey.html|archive-date=5 July 2011}}</ref> Massive Attack used guest vocalists, interspersed with their own ''[[sprechgesang]]'' stylings, on top of what became regarded as an essentially British creative sampling production; a trademark sound that fused [[hip hop music|hip hop]], [[soul music|soul]], [[reggae]] and other eclectic references, both musical and lyrical.<ref name=allmusicbio/>
In the 1990s, the members worked increasingly separately. [[Tricky (musician)|Adrian "Tricky" Thaws]] left Massive Attack in 1995 and [[Andrew Vowles]] (Mushroom) left Massive Attack in late 1999. Despite having taken Del Naja's side and participating in a webcast as a duo the following year, Grant Marshall (Daddy G) took a personal break in 2001. Marshall rejoined the band for their following tour in 2003 and 2004,<ref name=lynskey>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2007/feb/06/popandrock.features11|title=Massive Attack talk to Dorian Lynskey|work=The Guardian|date=6 February 2007|access-date=20 May 2009|last=Lynskey|first=Dorian| location=London}}</ref> and returned to a studio role in 2005. Thaws also rejoined Massive Attack in early 2016.
===''Any Love'' beginnings===
Unsigned, Mushroom (Andy Vowles), Daddy G (Grant Marshall), 3D (Robert Del Naja) and Tricky (Adrian Thaws) put out "Any Love" as a single,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eil.com/shop/ExtSearch.asp?DiscArtist=Massive-Attack|title=Massive Attack Discography – Page 1|website=Eil.com|quote=Any Love (Mega rare 1988 UK self released debut 2-track 12" on Massive Attack Records, includes Bonus Version, stickered sleeve MASS001)|access-date=22 May 2009}}</ref> co-produced by Bristol double-act [[Smith & Mighty]].
===''Blue Lines'' and "Unfinished Sympathy"===
{{Main|Blue Lines}}
[[File:Robert Del Naja@Barcelone-crop.jpg|thumb|[[Robert Del Naja]] at Barcelona 2007]]
3D co-wrote Neneh Cherry's "Manchild",<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/music/reviews/vhvr|title=BBC – Music – Review of Neneh Cherry Raw Like Sushi|publisher=BBC|quote=The offbeat, ambient ballad Manchild (co-written with Massive Attack's 3D)|date=9 January 2009|access-date=22 May 2009|last=Taylor|first=Angus}}</ref> which peaked at number 5 in the UK single chart.<ref>{{cite web|title=Neneh Cherry|url=http://www.officialcharts.com/artist/25198/neneh-cherry/|publisher=Official Charts|access-date=13 September 2016}}</ref> Cameron McVey and Neneh Cherry helped them to record their first LP, ''Blue Lines'', partly in their house, and the album was released in 1991 on Virgin Records.<ref name="allmusic-bluelines">{{cite web|url={{AllMusic|class=album|id=r12541|pure_url=yes}}|title=allmusic ((( Blue Lines > Overview )))|website=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=22 May 2009|last=Bush|first=John}}</ref>
The album used vocalists including [[Horace Andy]] and [[Shara Nelson]], a former Wild Bunch cohort.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://humag.co/features/massive-attack|title=Features|website=Humag.co|access-date=25 November 2020}}</ref> MC's Tricky and Willie Wee, also once part of the Wild Bunch, featured, as well as Daddy G's voice on "Five Man Army". Neneh Cherry sang backing vocals on environmentalist anthem, "Hymn of the Big Wheel".<ref name="allmusic-bluelines" />
That year they released "[[Unfinished Sympathy]]" as a single, a string-arranged track at [[Abbey Road Studios|Abbey Road]] studio, scored by [[Will Malone]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nme.com/artists/andrea-parker|title=Andrea Parker|work=NME|quote=Will Malone, who had worked on horror film soundtracks and Massive Attack's classic "Unfinished Sympathy".|access-date=22 May 2009}}</ref> that went on to be voted the 10th greatest song of all time in a poll by ''[[The Guardian]]''.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/1999/nov/08/millennium.uk1|title=How Robbie headed Amadeus in the race to be music's man of the millennium|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|date=8 November 1999|quote=Best song: 10. Unfinished Sympathy – Massive Attack. |access-date=22 May 2009|last=Wells|first=Matt| location=London}}</ref>
The group temporarily shortened their name to "Massive" on the advice of McVey to avoid controversy relating to the [[Gulf War]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/radio2/soldonsong/whatson/unfinishedsympathy.shtml|title=BBC – Radio 2 – Sold on Song – Brits25 – Unfinished Sympathy|publisher=BBC|quote=Reaching number thirteen in the UK in 1991, Unfinished Sympathy was released under the group name Massive, due to the Gulf War of the same year|access-date=22 May 2009}}</ref> They returned to being "Massive Attack" for their next single, "[[Safe from Harm (song)|Safe from Harm]]".
===''Protection'' and Melankolic===
{{Main|Protection (Massive Attack album)}}
After Shara Nelson left, the band brought in [[Everything but the Girl]]'s [[Tracey Thorn]]<ref name="allmusicbio" /> and [[Nicolette (musician)|Nicolette]] as vocalists and released "Protection" on 26 September 1994.
With McVey out of the picture, Massive Attack enlisted the production talents of former Wild Bunch [[Nellee Hooper]] to co-produce some songs on it, with Mushroom. Other tracks were co-produced by [[the Insects]] and 3D. A dub version, ''[[No Protection (Massive Attack album)|No Protection]]'', was released the following year by [[Mad Professor]]. ''Protection'' won a [[Brit Awards|Brit award]] for Best Dance Act.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newsfinder.org/site/more/massive_attack/|title=Massive Attack presented in Music section|website=Newsfinder.org|access-date=22 May 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090605081654/http://www.newsfinder.org/site/more/massive_attack/|archive-date=5 June 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref> The other collaborators on ''Protection'' were [[Marius de Vries]], [[Craig Armstrong (composer)|Craig Armstrong]],<ref name="lynskey" /> a Scottish classical pianist, and Tricky. Tricky's solo career was taking off at this time and he decided not to collaborate with Massive Attack after this.<ref name="allmusicbio" />
1994-95 was also the period of Portishead's ''[[Dummy (album)|Dummy]]'' and Tricky's ''[[Maxinquaye]]'' albums and the term "trip hop" was coined.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/05/28/arts/pop-view-another-city-another-new-sound.html|title=POP VIEW; Another City, Another New Sound|work=The New York Times|date=28 May 1995|access-date=22 May 2009|last=Reynolds|first=Simon}}</ref> The media started to refer to the "Bristol scene".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/radio1/maryannehobbs/bristol.shtml|title=Bristol: Rise Up|publisher=BBC|access-date=22 May 2009|last=Slinger|first=Benjamin}}</ref>
In 1995, Massive Attack started a label distributed by Virgin/EMI, Melankolic, and signed Craig Armstrong and a number of other artists such as Horace Andy, [[Lewis Parker (band)|Lewis Parker]], [[Alpha (band)|Alpha]], [[Sunna (band)|Sunna]], and [[Day One (band)|Day One]]. The group espoused a non-interference philosophy that allowed the artists to make their albums in the way they wanted.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://melankolic.astralwerks.com/ |title=This is melankolic records |access-date=22 May 2009|archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20030210154818/http://melankolic.astralwerks.com/ |archive-date = 10 February 2003}}</ref>
The same year the Insects became unavailable for co-production and having parted ways with Nellee Hooper, the band were introduced to [[Neil Davidge]],<ref name="bbcinterview">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/collective/A963542|title=BBC – collective – Massive Attack interview transcript part 3|publisher=BBC|access-date=22 May 2009}}</ref> a relatively unknown producer whose main claim to fame thus far had been an association with anonymous dance-pop outfit [[The DNA Disciples|DNA]]. The first track they worked on was "The Hunter Gets Captured by the Game", a cover version sung by Tracey Thorn for the [[Batman Forever (soundtrack)|''Batman Forever'' soundtrack]]. Initially, Davidge was brought in as engineer, but soon became producer.<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Humberstone |first1=Nigel |title=Neil Davidge: Recording 100th Window |url=https://www.soundonsound.com/people/neil-davidge-recording-100th-window |magazine=Sound on Sound |access-date=15 July 2018}}</ref>
The group increasingly fractured in the lead-up to the third album, Davidge having to co-produce the three producers' ideas separately. Mushroom was reported to be unhappy with the degree of the post-punk direction in which Del Naja, increasingly filling the production vacuum, was taking the band.<ref name="bbcinterview" />
In 1997, the group contributed to the [[The Jackal (soundtrack)|film soundtrack]] of ''[[The Jackal (1997 film)|The Jackal]]'', recording "Superpredators (Metal Postcard)", a song containing a sample of [[Siouxsie and the Banshees]]' "[[Mittageisen]]"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.inflightdata.com/superpredators.html|title=Massive Attack|website=Inflightdata.com|access-date=17 September 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713030438/http://www.inflightdata.com/superpredators.html|archive-date=13 July 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref> and "Dissolved Girl", a new song with vocals by Sarah Jay (that was later remixed for the next album), which was featured at the beginning of the 1999 film ''[[The Matrix]]'', although it was not on the official soundtrack.
Later that year they released a single, "[[Risingson]]", from what would be their third album, ''[[Mezzanine (album)|Mezzanine]]''.<ref name="allmusic-mezzanine">{{cite web|url={{AllMusic|class=album|id=r348738|pure_url=yes}}|title=allmusic ((( Mezzanine > Overview )))|website=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=22 May 2009|last=Bush|first=John}}</ref>
===''Mezzanine'', "Teardrop", Vowles's departure and Marshall's absence===
{{Main|Mezzanine (album)}}
In 1997, Del Naja became the band's main producer in the recording sessions that made ''Mezzanine'', Massive Attack's most commercially successful album,<ref name="dazeddigital.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.dazeddigital.com/music/article/40387/1/massive-attack-mezzanine-20th-birthday-retrospective|title=Massive Attack's Mezzanine and the death of the multicultural dream|date=16 June 2018|website=Dazeddigital.com|access-date=25 November 2020}}</ref> selling nearly four million copies. It featured Neil Davidge as a sound engineer and co-producer, and [[Horace Andy]] and [[Elizabeth Fraser]] as the main guest vocalists. During recording, [[Angelo Bruschini]] became their permanent lead guitarist both in the studio and live.<ref name="allmusic-mezzanine" />
The lead single, after "Risingson", was "[[Teardrop (Massive Attack song)|Teardrop]]", sung by [[Elizabeth Fraser]] of [[Cocteau Twins]]. The song was accompanied by a video directed by [[Walter Stern (director)|Walter Stern]], of an [[animatronic]] singing fetus. Horace Andy sang on three songs, including "[[Angel (Massive Attack song)|Angel]]". A track the band made for the film ''[[The Jackal (1997 film)|The Jackal]],'' "Dissolved Girl", sung by Sarah Jay, was remixed for inclusion on the record.
''Mezzanine'' went on to win a [[Q Awards|Q Award]] for Best Album<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.everyhit.com/awardq.html|title=The Q Awards|website=Everyhit.com|access-date=22 May 2009}}</ref> as well as being nominated for a [[Mercury Prize]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=NME|access-date=2019-02-17|title=MERCURY RISING: GOMEZ WIN '98 ALBUM PRIZE|url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/gomez-46-1385994|date=17 August 1998|website=NME}}</ref>
Touring extensively, friction between Mushroom and the others came to a head. Mushroom was unhappy with the direction of the group and having to appear on tour.<ref name="sawyer">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2008/may/11/urbanmusic.culture|title=Massive Attack talk to Miranda Sawyer|work=The Observer|date=11 May 2008|access-date=20 May 2009|last=Sawyer|first=Miranda| location=London}}</ref>
Around this time, Del Naja, with Davidge decamped into Ridge Farm studio with friends and band members of [[Lupine Howl]] (made up of former members of the band [[Spiritualized]], including Damon Reece, who went on to be Massive Attack's permanent drummer and one of two live drummers) towards a fourth Massive Attack LP, taking things even further into a rock direction.<ref name="brandplayson" />
2001 also saw the release of ''Eleven Promos,'' a DVD of Massive Attack's 11 music videos thus far, including "Angel", a £100,000+ promo.<ref>{{cite web|url={{AllMusic|class=album|id=r1215456|pure_url=yes}}|title=allmusic ((( Collected/Rarities/Eleven Promos > Overview )))|website=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=22 May 2009|last=Jurek|first=Thom}}</ref>
===''100th Window'', Marshall's return and ''Collected''===
{{Main|100th Window}}
[[File:Daddy g.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Daddy G|Grant Marshall]] at the [[Eurockéennes]] Festival 2008]]
With Daddy G temporarily no longer involved in the studio, Davidge and Del Naja steered "LP4" on their own. Enlisting the vocals of [[Sinéad O'Connor]] and Horace Andy, ''100th Window'' was mastered in August 2002 and released in February 2003.<ref name=allmusic100thwindow>{{cite web|url={{AllMusic|class=album|id=r620022|pure_url=yes}}|title=allmusic ((( 100th Window > Overview )))|website=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=22 May 2009|last=Bush|first=John}}</ref>
Featuring no samples or cover versions, ''100th Window'' was not as critically well-received in Britain as the other records, although the album received a warmer reception internationally, scoring a 75 out of 100 on review aggregation site [[Metacritic]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.metacritic.com/music/artists/massiveattack/100thwindow?q=massive%20attack|title=100th Window|website=Metacritic.com|access-date=17 September 2014}}</ref>
The group collaborated with [[Mos Def]] on the track "I Against I", which appeared on the "Special Cases" single and the soundtrack for ''[[Blade II]]''. "I Against I" is also notable as the only track from the ''100th Window'' sessions that features a writing credit from Daddy G.
Also in 2003, Del Naja was arrested on allegations involving child pornography, which were reported widely in the media.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2003/feb/27/arts.childprotection|title=Police question musician over child porn|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|date=27 February 2003|access-date=22 May 2009| location=London}}</ref> Del Naja was soon eliminated as a suspect<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.smh.com.au/articles/2003/03/22/1047749989803.html|title=Police clear Massive Attack star in child porn inquiry|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|date=23 March 2003|access-date=22 May 2009|last1=Barnes|first1=Anthony|last2=Marshall|first2=Nina}}</ref> (although he was charged with [[Ecstasy (drug)|ecstasy]] possession and unable to get a U.S. visa for a while) with Daddy G and fans offering their support. The arrest affected the beginning of the ''100th Window'' tour schedule.
''100th Window'' sold over one million copies and was toured extensively (including Queen Square, Bristol—a one-off sell out concert set up in the city centre park, which was seen as a homecoming).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/bristol/content/goingout/2003/08/26/massive_review.shtml|title=BBC – Going Out in Bristol – Massive Attack wow home crowd|publisher=BBC|access-date=20 May 2009}}</ref>
Afterwards, Del Naja and Davidge agreed to an offer from director [[Louis Leterrier]] to score the entire soundtrack for ''[[Unleashed (2005 film)|Danny the Dog]]'', starring [[Jet Li]]. [[Dot Allison]], who had sung with the band on the ''100th Window'' tour, sang the end title track, "Aftersun". Del Naja and Davidge also scored the soundtrack for the ''[[Bullet Boy]]'' film, with Del Naja on the end title vocals.
In 2005, Daddy G started coming into the studio, although little came of the material. He decided to instead work with a production duo, Robot Club, in another studio, feeling that he would be more free to develop tracks in the way he wanted. Meanwhile, Del Naja and Davidge recorded with a number of different singers as well as creating a track named "Twilight", for [[UNKLE]]'s ''[[War Stories (album)|War Stories]]'' album. Later that year, Massive Attack decided to release their contractually obliged compilation album ''[[Collected (Massive Attack album)|Collected]]'' in 2006. They released it with a second disc, made up of previously released non-album songs and unreleased sketches.<ref name=allmusic100thwindow/>
==="Weather Underground" / ''Heligoland'' era===
{{Main|Heligoland (album)}}
In 2007, Del Naja and Davidge scored three soundtracks, ''In Prison My Whole Life'' (which featured a track called "Calling Mumia" with vocals by American rapper [[Snoop Dogg]]), ''[[Battle in Seattle]]'' and ''[[Trouble the Water]].''
In February 2007, Massive Attack hosted a charity benefit for the Hoping Foundation, a charity for [[State of Palestine|Palestinian]] children. In 2008, it was announced that Massive Attack were to curate the UK's Southbank [[Meltdown (festival)|Meltdown]], a week-long event. It was suggested in interviews that this event would inspire Massive Attack back into action, having spent several years drifting towards the completion of their fifth studio album.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2008/feb/15/news.uk|title=Meltdown launches Massive Attack as festival curators|work=The Guardian|date=15 February 2008|access-date=22 May 2009|last=Gibson|first=Owen|location=London}}</ref>
Later that year, Del Naja and Daddy G headed to [[Damon Albarn]]'s studios for some writing and jamming. Around this time, Davidge scored the soundtrack for a [[Paul McGuigan (filmmaker)|Paul McGuigan]] film, ''[[Push (2009 film)|Push]]'' and in December, Del Naja completed the score for ''[[44 Inch Chest]]'' with the Insects and [[Angelo Badalamenti]].
Davidge and Del Naja got back together in 2009 with Daddy G to finish the fifth album, incorporating bits of the Albarn material. Later it was announced that the band were to headline the 2009 [[Bestival]] festival,<ref>{{cite news|title=Kraftwork, Massive Attack to Headline Bestival|url=http://www.gigwise.com/news/49591/kraftwerk-massive-attack-to-headline-bestival|work=Gigwise|access-date=13 September 2016}}</ref> and soon after that they were to tour the UK and Europe. In May, Del Naja's instrumental "Herculaneum", featured in the film ''[[Gomorra (film)|Gomorra]]'', won an Italian award for Best Song. Later that month, Del Naja and Marshall picked up a special [[Ivor Novello Awards|Ivor Novello award]] for Outstanding Contribution to British Music.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/268565/massive-attack-to-return-with-huge-world-tour|title=Massive Attack to Return with Huge World Tour|magazine=Billboard|date=21 May 2009|access-date=25 May 2009}}</ref>
On 29 May 2009, Jonny Dollar died of cancer aged 45, survived by his wife and four children. Dollar was the programmer and hands-on producer behind ''Blue Lines'', writing some of the melodies that were the basis for the string arrangements in "Unfinished Sympathy".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.musicweek.com/story.asp?sectioncode=1&storycode=1037855&c=1|title=Blue Lines producer dies|work=Music Week|access-date=3 June 2009}}</ref>
On 25 August 2009 their new EP, ''[[Splitting the Atom]],'' was announced. The other new tracks on the EP were [[Tunde Adebimpe]]'s "Pray For Rain", [[Martina Topley-Bird]]'s "Psyche" and [[Guy Garvey]]'s "Bulletproof Love". The latter two tracks appear as remixes of the album versions.
The fifth album was released on 12 November 2009, called ''[[Heligoland (album)|Heligoland]],'' after the German [[archipelago]] of [[Heligoland]], after a previous project called "Weather Underground" was abandoned.<ref name="auto"/> Del Naja said "I think it's got definitely a more organic feel".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://suicidegirls.com/interviews/Massive+Attack%3A+Heligoland+/|title=Interview w/ Massive Attack's Robert Del Naja re. Heligoland|website=Suicidegirls.com|access-date=10 March 2010}}</ref> The opening track, "Pray For Rain" featured guest vocals of [[TV on the Radio]]'s Tunde Adebimpe. Damon Albarn, Martina Topley-Bird and [[Mazzy Star]] frontwoman [[Hope Sandoval]] also provide guest vocals on the album. Del Naja said in October 2010, to the Spinner website, that his plans were now for "unorthodox" releases of several EPs in 2011, rather than an album.<ref>{{cite web|last=Bellinger |first=Candy |url=http://www.spinnermusic.co.uk/2010/10/14/massive-attack-north-american-tour/ |title=Celebrity Gossip, latest Celebrity News and Showbiz Gossip | Eleven UK |website=Spinnermusic.co.uk |date=30 May 2011 |access-date=21 August 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728100944/http://www.spinnermusic.co.uk/2010/10/14/massive-attack-north-american-tour/ |archive-date=28 July 2011 }}</ref>
===''Ritual Spirit'' EP, the return of Tricky, and new songs===
In a 2013 interview for his first solo art show since 2008, Del Naja confirmed that not only was new Massive Attack material in the works, but that rumours of a reunion with Tricky were true.<ref name=metrotreunion>{{cite web |url=http://metro.co.uk/2013/05/23/massive-attacks-robert-del-naja-confirms-tricky-reunion-ahead-of-art-show-3804789 |title=Massive Attack's Robert Del Naja confirms Tricky reunion ahead of art show |date=23 May 2013 |publisher=Metro |access-date=2 March 2014}}</ref> Tricky had not been featured on a Massive Attack album since 1994's ''Protection.''
{{blockquote|"The idea is to put a record out next year", he says. "We actually get on really well at the moment because we don't spend time in the studio together", he says with a wry grin. "Me and Tricky wrote some new tracks in Paris last year, which haven't seen the light of day yet – but that was fun. They should be on the next album." |sign= Robert Del Naja, ''Metro'', 23 May 2013<ref name=metrotreunion/> }}
On 5 February 2014, it was confirmed that Massive Attack would headline at Secret Solstice, a new music festival in [[Reykjavík]] in June.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.newsoficeland.com/entertainment/music/item/319-massive-attack-will-perform-at-secret-solstice-in-iceland-next-summer |title=Massive Attack will perform at Secret Solstice in Iceland next summer |publisher=News of Iceland |access-date=2 March 2014 |archive-date=1 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140901183322/http://www.newsoficeland.com/entertainment/music/item/319-massive-attack-will-perform-at-secret-solstice-in-iceland-next-summer |url-status=dead }}</ref> On 21 February 2015, it was confirmed through the Massive Attack Facebook page that they would be collaborating with [[Run the Jewels]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.facebook.com/massiveattack/photos/a.163928704256.143181.19159654256/10153121358429257/?type=1&theater |title=Massive Attack announce collaboration with Run the Jewels | publisher=Massive Attack |access-date=21 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|last1=Peters|first1=Mitchell|title=Run the Jewels In the Studio With Massive Attack|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/the-juice/6480213/run-the-jewels-in-the-studio-with-massive-attack|magazine=Billboard|access-date=27 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Britton|first1=Luke Morgan|title=Run The Jewels working in studio with Massive Attack|url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/run-the-jewels-58-1222041|access-date=27 February 2018|work=NME|date=21 February 2015}}</ref>
On 21 January 2016, the iPhone application "Fantom" was released. The application was developed by a team including Del Naja and let users hear parts of four new songs by remixing them in real time, using the phone's location, movement, clock, heartbeat, and camera.{{Cn|date=September 2024}}
On 28 January 2016, Massive Attack released a new EP, ''[[Ritual Spirit]]'', which includes the four songs released on Fantom. The EP was written and produced by Del Naja and new collaborator, Euan Dickinson.
It was their first release since the 2011 ''[[Four Walls / Paradise Circus]]'' collaboration with [[Burial (musician)|Burial]], and the first time since 1994 that Tricky had been featured on Massive Attack content. Scottish hip-hop group [[Young Fathers]], London rapper [[Roots Manuva]] and singer [[Azekel]] also featured on the EP.<ref name="consquenceofsound_2016">{{cite web | url=https://consequence.net/2016/01/stream-massive-attacks-new-ep-ritual-spirit/ | title=Stream: Massive Attack's new EP Ritual Spirit | work=[[Consequence of Sound]] | date=28 January 2016 | access-date=28 January 2016 | author=Young, Alex}}</ref>
On 26 July 2016, Massive Attack previewed three new songs: "Come Near Me", "The Spoils", and "Dear Friend" on the Fantom iPhone application on which they previously previewed the four songs from the ''Ritual Spirit'' EP.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pitchfork.com/news/67078-massive-attack-share-two-new-songs-via-app-listen/ |title=Massive Attack Release New Songs "Come Near Me," "The Spoils," and "Dear Friend" | website=[[Pitchfork (website)|Pitchfork]] |first=Jazz |last=Monroe |date=26 July 2016 |access-date=26 July 2016}}</ref>
On 29 July 2016, they released a new EP, "[[The Spoils (song)|The Spoils]]", which includes "The Spoils" and "Come Near Me", both previewed on Fantom. "The Spoils" features vocals from American singer-songwriter [[Hope Sandoval]], and "Come Near Me" features British vocalist [[Ghostpoet]]. A music video for "Come Near Me", directed by Ed Morris, and featuring Kosovan actress [[Arta Dobroshi]], was released the same day as the single.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://pitchfork.com/news/67161-watch-massive-attack-and-ghostpoets-new-video-come-near-me/ | title=Massive Attack Release 'Come Near Me' New Video, Plus Hope Sandoval Collaboration | work=[[Pitchfork (website)|Pitchfork]] | date=29 July 2016 | access-date=29 July 2016}}</ref> The video for "The Spoils", featuring [[Cate Blanchett]] and directed by Australian director [[John Hillcoat]], was released on 9 August 2016.<ref>{{cite news|title=Cate Blanchett stars in Massive Attack's new music video|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/cate-blanchett-stars-in-massive-attacks-new-music-video-for-the-spoils-a7181016.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220512/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/cate-blanchett-stars-in-massive-attacks-new-music-video-for-the-spoils-a7181016.html |archive-date=12 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|newspaper=[[The Independent]]|access-date=9 August 2016}}</ref>
On 13 July 2018, Massive Attack cancelled their appearance at the [[Mad Cool]] festival in [[Madrid]] because of sound bleed from [[Franz Ferdinand (band)|Franz Ferdinand]] on a neighbouring stage. The festival offered several solutions to accommodate the band, but Massive Attack rejected them all.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Navarro |first=Fernando |date=2018-07-16 |title=The behind-the-scenes story of Massive Attack canceling their Mad Cool gig |url=https://english.elpais.com/elpais/2018/07/16/inenglish/1531739617_522079.html |access-date=2024-07-25 |website=EL PAÍS English |language=en}}</ref>
In 2019, Massive Attack went on tour to promote the 20th anniversary rerelease of ''Mezzanine'', billed as "Mezzanine XX1". The American tour dates, originally scheduled for April, were postponed to September due to illness in the band.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Mims |first=Taylor |date=2019-03-08 |title=Massive Attack Postpones 'Mezzanine' Anniversary Shows Due to Illness |url=https://www.billboard.com/pro/massive-attack-postpones-mezzanine-anniversary-shows-illness/ |access-date=2024-07-25 |magazine=Billboard |language=en-US}}</ref>
===''Eutopia'' EP and audiovisual releases===
In July 2020, Massive Attack released a political audiovisual EP called ''[[Eutopia (extended play)|Eutopia]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/massive-attack-tease-new-eutopia-ep-with-mysterious-instagram-posts-2704269|title=Massive Attack debut stunning audio-visual EP 'Eutopia'|website=Nme.com|date=10 July 2020|access-date=25 November 2020}}</ref> The three-track fusion was created across five cities during the [[COVID-19]] global lockdown period, and was partly formed by generative algorithmic visuals from AI art pioneer [[Mario Klingemann]] and collaborations with [[Algiers (band)|Algiers]], [[Young Fathers]] and US poet [[Saul Williams]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.publicpressure.org/massive-attacks-eutopia-addresses-our-need-for-a-radical-global-change/|title=Massive Attack's Eutopia addresses our need for a radical global change | Public Pressure|website=Publicpressure.org|date=17 July 2020|access-date=25 November 2020}}</ref> The conceptual project, co-written and produced by 3D and documentary filmmaker [[Mark Donne]], featured strong arguments for global system change from UN Paris Climate Agreement author [[Christiana Figueres]], founder of the [[Universal Basic Income]] Principle Professor [[Guy Standing (economist)|Guy Standing]] and inventor of the US "Wealth Tax" policy Professor [[Gabriel Zucman]]. Each video ends with a quote from Thomas More's ''[[Utopia (More book)|Utopia]]''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Massive Attack Release New Audiovisual EP Eutopia: Watch |url=https://pitchfork.com/news/massive-attack-release-new-audiovisual-ep-eutopia-watch/ |website=Pitchfork.com|date=10 July 2020 |access-date=10 July 2020}}</ref>
Massive Attack were scheduled to headline the 2022 edition of the [[Primavera Sound]] music festival in [[Barcelona]], [[Spain]], but an unnamed band member's serious illness forced the band to cancel its appearance with the rest of its European tour.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pearis |first=Bill|title=Massive Attack cancel all 2022 live dates as member recovers from "serious illness" |url=https://www.brooklynvegan.com/massive-attack-cancel-all-2022-live-dates-as-member-recovers-from-serious-illness/ |access-date=2022-05-29 |website=BrooklynVegan |date=25 March 2022 |language=en}}</ref> [[Angelo Bruschini]], who played guitar on ''Mezzanine'' and ''100th Window'' while touring with the band since 1995, died of lung cancer on 23 October 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-24 |title=Massive Attack Guitarist Angelo Bruschini Has Died |url=https://www.stereogum.com/2240225/massive-attack-guitarist-angelo-bruschini-has-died/news/ |access-date=2023-10-24 |website=Stereogum |language=en}}</ref>
The group played their first show in five years on 5 June 2024 in [[Gothenburg]], Sweden, joined by guests [[Elizabeth Fraser]], [[Horace Andy]] and [[Young Fathers]], who all toured with the band during their European shows that summer.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-06 |title=Watch Massive Attack Play Their First Show In Five Years With Special Guests Elizabeth Fraser And Horace Andy |url=https://www.stereogum.com/2266713/watch-massive-attack-play-their-first-show-in-five-years-with-special-guests-elizabeth-fraser-and-horace-andy/news/ |access-date=2024-06-20 |website=Stereogum |language=en}}</ref>
==Musical style==
Some of their most noted songs have been without choruses and have featured dramatically atmospheric dynamics, conveyed through either distorted guitar crescendos, lavish orchestral arrangements or prominent, looped/shifting basslines, underpinned by high and exacting production values, involving sometimes copious digital editing and mixing.<ref name=timedigital/> The pace of their music has often been slower than prevalent British [[Electronic dance music|dance music]] of the time. These and other [[Psychedelic music|psychedelic]], soundtrack-like and DJist sonic techniques, formed a much-emulated style journalists began to dub "[[trip hop]]" from the mid-nineties onwards,<ref>{{cite web|url={{AllMusic|class=explore|id=style/d2644|pure_url=yes}}|title=Trip Hop|website=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=20 May 2009}}</ref> though in an interview in 2006, Daddy G said, "We used to hate that terminology [trip-hop] so bad,' laughs. 'You know, as far we were concerned, Massive Attack music was unique, so to put it in a box was to pigeonhole it and to say, "Right, we know where you guys are coming from.""<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hour.ca/music/music.aspx?iIDArticle=10216|title=Massive Attack in Montreal, September 11|work=Hour|publisher=Communications Voir Inc.|date=7 September 2006|access-date=26 May 2009|last=Tousignant|first=Isa|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061027212620/http://www.hour.ca/music/music.aspx?iIDArticle=10216|archive-date=27 October 2006|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
==Other projects==
==='Fire Sale' exhibition===
A solo exhibition of Del Naja's art was held at the Lazarides gallery in central London, from 24 May to 22 June 2013. The show's content spanned a period of over twenty years and featured many of the art pieces that Del Naja created for Massive Attack. Each piece, reinterpreted especially for the exhibition, was hand-printed and finished. The show also featured three one-off 'digital infinity mirrors', two of which contained phrases supplied by [[Reprieve (organisation)|Reprieve]] that were extracted from [[Unmanned aerial vehicle|drone]] pilot dialogues. Del Naja performed a DJ set during the opening night on 23 May 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lazinc.com/exhibitions/582,3d-fire-sale|title=Exhibition 3D: Fire Sale|publisher=Lazarides|access-date=26 October 2013|archive-date=29 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029193440/http://www.lazinc.com/exhibitions/582,3d-fire-sale|url-status=dead}}</ref>
===Massive Attack and Adam Curtis===
Del Naja conceived and designed an eight-night festival with filmmaker [[Adam Curtis]]—in collaboration with UVA ([[United Visual Artists]])—that premiered in Manchester, UK in July 2013. The festival featured Curtis's film, unofficially titled ''The Plan,'' which was projected on a huge screen surrounding the audience, while music from Massive Attack was interweaved throughout the film.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://louderthanwar.com/an-open-letter-to-massive-attack-and-adam-curtis/|title=An Open Letter To Massive Attack And Adam Curtis|date=14 July 2013 |publisher=Louder Than War|access-date=26 October 2013}}</ref> Del Naja, who orchestrated the film's soundtrack, described the experience as a "collective hallucination" and the film was also shown at the [[Manchester International Festival]] in July 2013.<ref>{{cite news|first1=Tim|last1=Adams|access-date=2019-02-17|title=Massive Attack v Adam Curtis – review|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2013/jul/07/adam-curtis-massive-attack-review|newspaper=[[The Observer]]|date=6 July 2013|issn=0029-7712}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|access-date=2019-02-17|title=Massive Attack v Adam Curtis, Manchester International Festival – review|url=https://www.ft.com/content/e7afe1bc-e55f-11e2-8d0b-00144feabdc0 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/e7afe1bc-e55f-11e2-8d0b-00144feabdc0 |archive-date=10 December 2022 |url-access=subscription|website=Financial Times|date=7 July 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first1=Ian|last1=Youngs|access-date=2019-02-17|title=Depot gig opens Manchester festival|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-23158914|date=5 July 2013|website=Bbc.co.uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|access-date=2019-02-17|title=Music review: Massive Attack v Adam Curtis for the Manchester|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/reviews/music-review-massive-attack-v-adam-curtis-for-the-manchester-international-festival-was-sadly-a-8690664.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220512/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/reviews/music-review-massive-attack-v-adam-curtis-for-the-manchester-international-festival-was-sadly-a-8690664.html |archive-date=12 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|date=5 July 2013|newspaper=[[The Independent]]}}</ref> Music created by Del Naja for the festival became the score for a [[BBC]] production entitled ''[[HyperNormalisation]]'' in 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p04b183c|title=HyperNormalisation|date=16 October 2016|work=[[BBC]]|access-date=30 October 2018}}</ref>
In 2019, Del Naja and Adam Curtis teamed up for a second time on a live show based on the band's Mezzanine album.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.factmag.com/2018/10/30/massive-attack-announce-mezzanine-tour/|title=Massive Attack announce Mezzanine XX1 2019 Tour|website=Factmag.com|date=30 October 2018}}</ref> The show challenged the idea of nostalgia and power, and featured machine learning GANS and deep fakes from [[Mario Klingemann]], as well as new films from Curtis that were used to tell a narrative story. They were used as visuals for cover versions of non Massive Attack songs based on samples and loops that made up the album's identity.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thefader.com/2019/09/25/massive-attack-robert-del-naja-mezzanine-interview|title=A rare interview with Massive Attack's Robert Del Naja on creating the most subversive live show of 2019|website=The FADER}}</ref>
===Mezzanine DNA===
In April 2019, it was reported that Massive Attack had encoded ''Mezzanine'' into DNA to mark the 20th anniversary of the seminal 1998 album.
The album has also been made available in the form of a matte black spray paint can. A limited number of spray cans will contain the DNA encoded audio within matte black paint and each can will contain approximately one million copies of the album.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pitchfork.com/news/massive-attack-encoding-album-into-dna/|title=Massive Attack Encoding Album Into DNA|website=Pitchfork.com|date=20 April 2018}}</ref> Addressing the novel storage method, Del Naja – who is also known as a graffiti artist as ‘3D' – said: “It’s a creative way to store your back catalogue, although DNA-encoded spray paint is unlikely to be adopted by street artists seeking anonymity”.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://consequence.net/2018/10/massive-attack-dna-spray-paint-can/|title=Massive Attack releasing DNA-encoded Mezzanine in spray paint can|date=19 October 2018}}</ref>
=== Decarbonisation project ===
On 28 November 2019, Robert Del Naja announced that Massive Attack partnered with a research centre based at the [[University of Manchester]] to explore the [[Environmental impact of the music industry|music industry's climate impact]]. He wrote in a column in ''The Guardian'': "the commissioning of the renowned [[Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research]] to map the full carbon footprint of typical tour cycles, and to look specifically at the three key areas where [[Greenhouse gas emissions|CO2 emissions]] in our sector are generated." This will include information about band travel and production, audience transport and venue. "The resulting roadmap to [[decarbonisation]] will be shared with other touring acts, promoters and festival/venue owners to assist swift and significant emissions reductions."<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 November 2019 |title=We've toured the world for years. To help save the planet we'll have to change | Massive Attack |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/nov/28/tour-world-massive-attack-band-climate |access-date=26 August 2020 |website=Theguardian.com}}</ref> (See 'Environmentalism' below)
==Activism and politics==
=== Anti-war advocacy ===
Robert Del Naja was critical of the policies of the [[Premiership of Tony Blair|UK government under Tony Blair]]. He was strongly opposed to the [[2003 invasion of Iraq|2003 war against Iraq]], and with fellow musician [[Damon Albarn]] personally paid for full-page advertisements against the war in the ''[[NME]]'' magazine.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/7876770/Massive-Attack-the-beat-goes-on.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/7876770/Massive-Attack-the-beat-goes-on.html |archive-date=11 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Massive Attack: the beat goes on|date=8 July 2010|work=The Daily Telegraph|access-date=17 September 2014}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
Massive Attack have worked with [[Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament]] and [[Stop the War Coalition]], while also having helped fund a legal challenge to military intervention in international courts.<ref>{{cite news |date= 31 January 2003 |title= Starting a massive offensive |url=https://www.scotsman.com/arts-and-culture/music/starting-a-massive-offensive-1-544656 |work= The Scotsman |access-date= 14 June 2019}}</ref>
=== Human rights ===
In 2008, Massive Attack curated the annual [[Meltdown (festival)|Meltdown festival]] on London's [[South Bank]]. During the two weeks of live performance, cinema and art, they worked with human rights lawyer [[Clive Stafford Smith]] and his organisation [[Reprieve (organisation)|Reprieve]] which uses the law to enforce the [[human rights]] of prisoners.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.reprieve.org.uk/press/2008_07_07memoriesofmeltdown/|title=Reprieve—Memories of Meltdown|access-date=15 September 2012}}</ref>
In 2010, the video shot by [[Adam Broomberg and Oliver Chanarin]] for the song "[[Saturday Come Slow]]", featuring Albarn, drew attention to the use of music in [[torture]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.reprieve.org.uk/blog/2010_03_18massive_attack_speaks_out_music_torture/|title=Reprieve—Massive Attack speak out against music torture|access-date=15 September 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20121224060143/http://www.reprieve.org.uk/blog/2010_03_18massive_attack_speaks_out_music_torture/|archive-date=24 December 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
Massive Attack donated all proceeds from their 2010 EP ''Atlas Air'' to [[War Child (charity)|War Child]], a charity the band previously supported when they contributed to ''[[The Help Album]].''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/6music/news/231110_massiveattack.shtml|title=BBC – 6Music News – Massive Attack for War Child|publisher=[[BBC]]|access-date=15 September 2012}}</ref>
=== British politics ===
In 2007, Del Naja, musicians Albarn and [[Brian Eno]], and United Visual Artists contributed to a [[Greenpeace]] demonstration against the renewal of the [[Trident nuclear programme]] that was held on board the [[MV Arctic Sunrise|Arctic Sunrise]] on the [[River Thames]].<ref>{{cite web|title=River Thames to host protest against Trident renewal|url=http://www.greenpeace.org.uk/media/press-releases/river-thames-to-host-protest|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121028055102/http://www.greenpeace.org.uk/media/press-releases/river-thames-to-host-protest|archive-date=28 October 2012|access-date=15 September 2012|publisher=Greenpeace UK|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
On 14 November 2012, on the eve of the [[2012 Bristol mayoral election|Bristol Mayor election]], the band caused some surprise by endorsing independent millionaire and former [[Liberal Democrats (UK)|Liberal Democrat]] [[George Ferguson (politician)|George Ferguson]], citing the need for a mayor who would help facilitate creative projects to the city, and wasn't simply following a party political agenda.<ref name="24-7">{{cite news|last=Brown|first=Christopher|date=14 November 2012|title=Bristol mayor: Massive Attack give vocal backing for Ferguson|newspaper=Bristol 24–7|url=http://www.bristol247.com/2012/11/14/bristol-mayor-massive-attack-give-vocal-backing-for-ferguson-25128/|url-status=dead|access-date=8 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130522204522/http://www.bristol247.com/2012/11/14/bristol-mayor-massive-attack-give-vocal-backing-for-ferguson-25128/|archive-date=22 May 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Previously, Del Naja had openly criticised Ferguson for being a member of the [[Society of Merchant Venturers]],<ref name="post01">{{cite news|date=9 October 2012|title=Massive Attack star criticises Bristol Mayor candidate George Ferguson|newspaper=This Is Bristol|url=http://www.thisisbristol.co.uk/Massive-Attack-star-criticises-Bristol-Mayor/story-17054830-detail/story.html|url-status=dead|access-date=8 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602024432/http://www.thisisbristol.co.uk/Massive-Attack-star-criticises-Bristol-Mayor/story-17054830-detail/story.html#axzz2Shn0uOq5|archive-date=2 June 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref> an organisation dating back to the 16th century which had many connections with the [[Bristol slave trade]].<ref name="Nash">{{cite web|last=Nash|first=Andrew|title=The Society of Merchant Venturers|url=http://www.flocs.com/websites/bristolslavery/people/merchantventurers.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140613131401/http://www.flocs.com/websites/bristolslavery/people/merchantventurers.htm|archive-date=13 June 2014|access-date=22 March 2015|work=Bristol Slavery|publisher=Andrew Nash}}</ref> Del Naja endorsed Ferguson again in the 2016 election.{{citation needed|date=August 2020}}
In September 2018, Massive Attack criticised the [[Mayor of Bristol]] for cancelling the [[Bristol Arena|Bristol Arena project]] in the Temple Meads area of Bristol. The Mayor had announced a private sector company, YTL would build a privately funded arena in Filton, a northern suburb of Bristol and the band announced they would not play there. Despite this, when a pop up arena was temporarily erected on the Filton site, Massive Attack played two gigs in March 2019.
In November 2019, along with other public figures, Massive Attack signed a letter supporting [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]] leader [[Jeremy Corbyn]] describing him as "a beacon of hope in the struggle against emergent far-right nationalism, xenophobia and racism in much of the democratic world" and endorsed him in the [[2019 United Kingdom general election|2019 UK general election]].<ref name="nme">{{cite news|last=Neale|first=Matthew|date=16 November 2019|title=Exclusive: New letter supporting Jeremy Corbyn signed by Roger Waters, Robert Del Naja and more|work=[[NME]]|url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/new-letter-supporting-jeremy-corbyn-2568734|access-date=27 November 2019}}</ref>
In June 2024, Massive Attack endorsed [[Carla Denyer]], the co-leader of [[Green_Party_of_England_and_Wales|the Green Party]], as MP for [[Bristol Central]]. They said "General Election 2024 is an opportunity for #Bristol to consolidate its green reputation by electing an MP who is resolutely focused on #ClimateAction and unambiguous on the matter of genocide in #Gaza. @carla_denyer is that candidate."<ref>{{cite tweet |user=MassiveAttackUK |number=1797585324136423903 |title=General Election 2024 is an opportunity for #Bristol to consolidate its green reputation | accessdate=5 June 2024}}</ref>
=== International politics ===
Del Naja and [[Thom Yorke]] of [[Radiohead]] threw an unofficial party at the occupied [[UBS]] building in the city of London in December 2011, in support for the international [[Occupy movement]].<ref>{{cite web |date=8 February 2012 |title=Dazed Digital |url=http://www.dazeddigital.com/artsandculture/article/12575/1/occupy-2012 |access-date=15 September 2012 |publisher=Occupy 2012}}</ref>
During a concert in [[Istanbul]] in 2014, Massive Attack named those who died in [[Gezi Park protests|anti-government protests]] at [[Gezi Park]] on the outdoor screen at their back with the following sentences: "Their killers are still out there" and "We won't forget [[Soma mine disaster|Soma]]".<ref>{{cite web|date=6 August 2014|title=Massive Attack Soma ve Gezi'yi unutmadı – Hayat Haberleri – Radikal|url=http://www.radikal.com.tr/hayat/massive_attack_soma_ve_geziyi_unutmadi-1196119|access-date=26 August 2020|work=Radikal}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Massive Attack'ten Soma ve Gezi mesajı|url=http://www.gercekgundem.com/kultur-sanat/49167/massive-attackten-soma-ve-gezi-mesaji|access-date=17 September 2014|work=Gerçek Gündem}}</ref>
In June 2024, Massive Attack canceled a concert at the [[Black Sea Arena]] in [[Tbilisi]], originally scheduled for 28 July, in response to the [[Government of Georgia (country)|Georgian government]]'s repression of the [[2023–2024 Georgian protests|nationwide civil protests]] against law proposals that could have restricted [[freedom of press]] and [[LGBT rights in Georgia (country)|LGBT rights]] in the country; in an official statement, the band explained their decision by writing quote, "At this moment, performing at the state-owned Black Sea Arena could be seen as an endorsement of their violent crackdown against peaceful protests and civil society".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Boffey |first=Daniel |date=12 June 2024 |title=Massive Attack pull out of gig in Georgia in solidarity with protesters |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/article/2024/jun/12/massive-attack-pull-out-of-gig-in-georgia-in-solidarity-with-protesters |access-date=12 June 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]] |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref>
==== Israeli-Palestinian conflict ====
In late July 2014, Del Naja and Marshall visited the [[Bourj el-Barajneh|Bourj El-Barajneh]] [[refugee camp]] in Lebanon to meet with Palestinian volunteers at an educational centre. The band's profit from the show in Byblos was donated to the centre.<ref>{{cite web |date=29 July 2014 |title=Massive Attack visit Palestinian refugees in Lebanon: 'All of them have a right to a life of dignity and beauty' – People — News |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/massive-attack-visit-palestinian-refugees-in-lebanon-all-of-them-have-a-right-to-a-life-of-dignity-and-beauty-9635645.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220512/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/massive-attack-visit-palestinian-refugees-in-lebanon-all-of-them-have-a-right-to-a-life-of-dignity-and-beauty-9635645.html |archive-date=12 May 2022 |access-date=17 September 2014 |work=The Independent}}</ref> In 2017, Massive Attack performed three shows in support of Hoping, an organisation that helps raise money and supports projects for Palestinian youth in refugee camps in the [[Gaza Strip]] and the [[West Bank]], [[Lebanon]] and [[Syria]].{{Cn|date=September 2024}}
Massive Attack have previously played three shows in [[Israel]], but tried to refrain from doing so since the early 2000's "as a form of non-violent pressure on Israel to end its brutal [[occupation of Palestine]]".<ref>{{cite news|last=Duran|first=Anagricel|date= 12 January 2024|title=Massive Attack speak out on their boycott of gigs in Israel since 1999|newspaper=NME|url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/massive-attack-speak-out-on-their-boycott-of-gigs-in-israel-since-1999-3570102|access-date=7 February 2024}}</ref> They have described their decision as "not an action of aggression towards the Israeli people", but "towards the [Israeli] [[Israeli government|government]] and its policies", arguing that "the Palestinians [in [[Gaza Strip|Gaza]] and the [[West Bank]]] have no access to the same fundamental benefits that the Israelis do."<ref name="NS">{{cite news|last=Parry|first=William|date=3 September 2010|title=The silent treatment|newspaper=New Statesman|url=http://www.newstatesman.com/music/2010/09/israel-interview-boycott-naja|access-date=26 August 2020}}</ref> In May 2020, Massive Attack co-signed an open letter urging Israel to end the [[blockade of the Gaza Strip]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Hundreds of artists urge Israel to end Gaza blockade |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/5/16/hundreds-of-artists-urge-israel-to-end-gaza-blockade |work=Al Jazeera |date=16 May 2020}}</ref>
In May 2024, the group publicly expressed their support to the music acts who had decided to boycott [[The Great Escape Festival]] in [[Brighton and Hove]], in protest against the event's sponsor [[Barclays]] and its investments in companies supplying arms that were reportedly used by Israeli military forces in their [[Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip (2023–present)|invasion of the Gaza Strip]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Skinner |first=Tom |date=14 May 2024 |title=Over 100 acts have now dropped out of The Great Escape 2024 in Gaza boycott, with support from Massive Attack |url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/over-100-acts-have-now-dropped-out-of-the-great-escape-2024-in-gaza-boycott-with-support-from-massive-attack-3756090 |access-date=24 May 2024 |website=[[NME]] |language=en-GB}}</ref>
=== Environmentalism ===
In 2010, Massive Attack donated the income from a Lincoln car commercial to the clean up campaign after the [[Deepwater Horizon oil spill]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Massive Attack Donate Proceeds of Lincoln Car Commercial To Clean-Up Efforts in the Gulf of Mexico|url=http://saveourgulf.org/updates/massive-attack-donate-proceeds-lincoln-car-commercial-clean-ef|access-date=15 September 2012|publisher=Save Our Gulf|archive-date=1 August 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130801101433/http://saveourgulf.org/updates/massive-attack-donate-proceeds-lincoln-car-commercial-clean-ef|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Since October 2018, Massive Attack have also been supporting the [[climate activist]]s of the [[Extinction Rebellion]] group, also known as XR, which conducted protests in London in October 2018 then April 2019. On 21 April, Massive Attack played a DJ set for the Extinction Rebellion protesters<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DS0bntN2FCM| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211030/DS0bntN2FCM| archive-date=2021-10-30|title=Massive Attack - Marble Arch - Extinction Rebellion| date=21 April 2019|publisher=[[YouTube]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> in the heart of London in Marble Arch.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mixmag.net/read/massive-attack-extinction-rebellion-protest-news|title=Massive Attack played a DJ set for the Extinction Rebellion protest in London|website=Mixmag}}</ref> In July and October 2019, the group protested in 60 other cities worldwide,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.publicpressure.org/60-cities-extinction-rebellion-movement-goes-global/|title=60 cities: Extinction Rebellion movement goes global|date=10 October 2019|website=Public Pressure}}</ref> Robert Del Naja providing a portable radio network using speakers in backpacks with receivers and transmitters for the campaigners in London.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7BG4zLu0yJQ| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211030/7BG4zLu0yJQ| archive-date=2021-10-30|title=Massive Attack Visited XR Sites | Extinction Rebellion| date=14 October 2019|publisher=[[YouTube]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
In 2021 the band published a report they had commissioned from the Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research. The report examined the impact of live music on the environment and gave a set of recommendations for meeting the [[Paris agreement]] targets. Del Naja criticised the UK government for not doing more to meet the targets.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Vinter |first1=Robyn |title=Massive Attack call for government plan to cut live music's carbon emissions |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/sep/06/massive-attack-call-for-government-plan-to-cut-live-musics-carbon-emissions |website=www.theguardian.com |date=5 September 2021 |publisher=Guardian News and Media |access-date=17 December 2022}}</ref> Massive Attack became the first band globally to commit their touring companies to the UN “Race to Zero” – Paris 1.5 compatible emissions reductions schedule.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://pitchfork.com/news/massive-attack-unveil-plan-to-reduce-carbon-emissions-across-music-industry/ |title=Massive Attack Unveil Plan to Reduce Carbon Emissions Across Music Industry |last=Monroe |first=Jazz |date=6 September 2021 |website=Pitchfork |access-date=6 March 2023 }}</ref>
The band will played a hometown Bristol show named "Act 1.5" on 24 August 2024 with the goal of being a "large-scale climate action accelerator", blazing a "trail for new standards of decarbonisation of live music." There were 25 different measures to minimize carbon, including giving extra benefits to local attendees and those traveling by train, powering the venue by renewable energy only, serving only plant-based foods and minimising waste through compostable plates and cutlery.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The band that doesn't want you to drive to their concerts |url=https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20240717-the-band-that-doesnt-want-you-to-travel-for-their-tour |access-date=2024-07-21 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Massive Attack's upcoming ACT 1.5 decarbonisation show "may be their last" in Bristol |url=https://mixmag.net/read/massive-attack-act-1-5-decarbonisation-show-bristol-clifton-downs-climate-action-news |access-date=2024-07-21 |website=Mixmag}}</ref>
=== Other ===
In 2005, Del Naja organised and performed at a charity concert in [[Bristol]] for [[2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami|Tsunami]] Relief with Adrian Utley and [[Geoff Barrow]] of [[Portishead (band)|Portishead]]. The two-night event featured Massive Attack, Portishead, [[Robert Plant]], [[the Coral]] and Albarn.{{citation needed|date=August 2020}}
In March 2018, following the [[Facebook–Cambridge Analytica data scandal]], Massive Attack suspended their Facebook page, stating: "In light of Facebook’s continued disregard for your privacy, their lack of transparency and disregard for accountability – Massive Attack will be temporarily withdrawing."<ref>{{cite web|date=21 March 2018|title=Massive Attack leave Facebook following Cambridge Analytica scandal|url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/massive-attack-leave-facebook-following-cambridge-analytica-scandal-2270845|access-date=17 September 2018|website=Nme.com}}</ref>
==Band members==
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
'''Current members'''
* [[Robert Del Naja|Robert "3D" Del Naja]] – vocals, keyboards, guitars, programmer, arranger, producer, mixer (1988–present)
* [[Daddy G|Grant "Daddy G" Marshall]] – vocals, keyboards, guitars, programmer, producer (1988–2001, 2005–present)
* [[Tricky (musician)|Adrian "Tricky" Thaws]] – vocals, keyboards, bass, producer (1988–1995, 2016–present)
'''Former members'''
* [[Andrew Vowles|Andrew "Mushroom" Vowles]] – keyboards, drums, turntables, arranger, producer, mixer, programmer (1988–1999)
* [[Neil Davidge]] – bass, guitars, drums, keyboards, piano, occasional backing vocals (1998–2012)
* [[Horace Andy]] – vocals (1990–2011; touring member 2011–present)
* [[Shara Nelson]] – vocals (1990–1994)
* [[Tracey Thorn]] – vocals, guitars (1994–1996)
* [[Stephanie Dosen]] – vocals, guitars (2008–2010)
'''Touring members'''
* Deborah Miller – vocals, percussion (1990–present)
* Winston Blissett – bass guitar (1995–present)
* [[Elizabeth Fraser]] – vocals (1998–present)
* [[Damon Reece]] – drums (2006–present)
* Julien Brown – electronic drums (2009–present)
* [[Horace Andy]] – vocals (2011–present; official member 1990–2011)
* Euan Dickinson – keyboards, synthesizers, samples (2016–present)
* [[Alex Lee (musician)|Alex Lee]] – guitars (2019–present)
'''Former touring members'''
* [[Angelo Bruschini]] – guitars (1995–2023; his death)
* Andrew Smalls – drums, electronic drums (1995–2008)
* Kwame Boaten – bass (1996–1999)
* Michael Timothy – keyboards, synthesizers, samples (1998)
* [[Dot Allison]] – vocals, guitar (2003)
* Arden Hart – keyboards (2003, 2006)
* [[Lucy Wilkins]] – violin, keyboards (2003)
* Hazel Fernandez – vocals (2004)
* [[Yola (singer)|Yolanda Quartey]] – vocals (2004)
* John Baggott - keyboards, synthesizers, samples (2008–2010)
* [[Azekel]] – vocals (2016)
{{col-end}}
===Timeline===
<timeline>
ImageSize = width:800 height:auto barincrement:18
PlotArea = left:140 bottom:100 top:0 right:20
Alignbars = justify
DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy
Period = from:01/01/1988 till:31/12/2023
TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal format:yyyy
Legend = orientation:vertical position:bottom columns:4
ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:5 start:01/01/1988
ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:1 start:01/01/1988
Colors =
id:vocals value:red legend:Vocals
id:guitars value:green legend:Guitars
id:keys value:purple legend:Keyboards
id:bass value:blue legend:Bass
id:DJ value:lavender legend:Turntables
id:drums value:orange legend:Drums
id:album value:black legend:Album
id:ep value:gray(0.5) legend:EP
Linedata=
layer:back
color:Album
at:08/04/1991
at:26/09/1994
at:20/04/1998
at:10/02/2003
at:08/02/2010
color:EP
at:04/10/2009
at:28/01/2016
at:10/07/2020
BarData =
bar:DelNaja text:"Robert Del Naja"
bar:Marshall text:"Grant Marshall"
bar:Vowles text:"Andrew Vowles"
bar:Thaws text:"Adrian 'Tricky' Thaws"
bar:Davidge text:"Neil Davidge"
bar:Andy text:"Horace Andy"
bar:Nelson text:"Shara Nelson"
bar:Thorn text:"Tracey Thorn"
bar:Dosen text:"Stephanie Dosen"
PlotData =
width:11
bar:DelNaja from:01/01/1988 Till:end color:vocals
bar:DelNaja from:01/01/1988 Till:end color:keys width:7
bar:DelNaja from:01/01/1988 Till:end color:guitars width:3
bar:Thaws from:01/01/1988 Till:20/02/1995 color:vocals
bar:Thaws from:01/01/1988 Till:20/02/1995 color:bass width:3
bar:Thaws from:01/01/1988 Till:20/02/1995 color:keys width:7
bar:Thaws from:01/01/2016 Till:end color:keys width:7
bar:Thaws from:01/01/2016 Till:end color:vocals
bar:Thaws from:01/01/2016 Till:end color:bass width:3
bar:Marshall from:01/01/1988 Till:21/01/2001 color:keys
bar:Marshall from:01/01/1988 Till:21/01/2001 color:guitars width:7
bar:Marshall from:01/01/1988 Till:21/01/2001 color:vocals width:3
bar:Marshall from:21/12/2005 Till:end color:keys
bar:Marshall from:21/12/2005 Till:end color:guitars width:7
bar:Marshall from:21/12/2005 Till:end color:vocals width:3
bar:Vowles from:01/01/1988 Till:31/12/1999 color:drums
bar:Vowles from:01/01/1988 Till:31/12/1999 color:keys width:3
bar:Vowles from:01/01/1988 Till:31/12/1999 color:DJ width:7
bar:Davidge from:31/03/1998 Till:30/04/2012 color:keys
bar:Davidge from:31/03/1998 Till:30/04/2012 color:guitars width:7
bar:Davidge from:31/03/1998 Till:30/04/2012 color:drums width:3
bar:Davidge from:31/03/1998 Till:30/04/2012 color:bass width:5
bar:Andy from:01/01/1990 Till:30/04/2011 color:vocals
bar:Dosen from:01/06/2008 Till:30/11/2010 color:vocals
bar:Dosen from:01/06/2008 Till:30/11/2010 color:guitars width:3
bar:Thorn from:01/01/1994 Till:02/02/1995 color:vocals
bar:Thorn from:01/01/1994 Till:02/02/1995 color:guitars width:3
bar:Nelson from:01/01/1990 Till:31/12/1993 color:vocals
</timeline>
==Discography==
{{Main|Massive Attack discography}}
* ''[[Blue Lines]]'' (1991)
* ''[[Protection (Massive Attack album)|Protection]]'' (1994)
* ''[[Mezzanine (album)|Mezzanine]]'' (1998)
* ''[[100th Window]]'' (2003)
* ''[[Heligoland (album)|Heligoland]]'' (2010)
==Awards and nominations==
===Billboard Music Awards===
The [[Billboard Music Award|''Billboard'' Music Awards]] honor artists for commercial performance in the U.S., based on record charts published by ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.billboardmusicawards.com/about/ |title=About {{!}} Billboard Music Awards |publisher=[[Billboard Music Award]] |access-date=August 20, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150512143325/http://www.billboardmusicawards.com/about/ |archive-date=12 May 2015 }}</ref> The awards are based on sales data by [[Nielsen SoundScan]] and radio information by [[Nielsen Broadcast Data Systems]].<ref>{{cite magazine|title=50 Cent, Green Day Reap Major Billboard Music Awards |url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/60427/50-cent-green-day-reap-major-billboard-music-awards |access-date=August 20, 2015 |magazine=Billboard |date=December 7, 2005 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304105552/http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/60427/50-cent-green-day-reap-major-billboard-music-awards |archive-date=March 4, 2016 }}</ref> The award ceremony was held from 1990 to 2007, until its reintroduction in 2011.<ref>{{cite web|last=Grein |first=Paul |title=Billboard Music Awards Predictions: Sure Things and Oddities |url=https://www.yahoo.com/music/billboard-music-awards-predictions-sure-c1431468392160/photo-top-billboard-200-album-photo-1431468208131.html |publisher=Yahoo! |access-date=August 20, 2015 |date=May 13, 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150630184810/https://www.yahoo.com/music/billboard-music-awards-predictions-sure-c1431468392160/photo-top-billboard-200-album-photo-1431468208131.html |archive-date=June 30, 2015 }}</ref>
{{award table}}
|-
| rowspan=2|2003
| Massive Attack
| Top Electronic Artist
| {{nom}}
|-
| ''[[100th Window]]''
| Top Electronic Album
|{{nom}}
{{end}}
===D&AD Awards===
[[D&AD|Design and Art Direction]] (''D&AD'') is a British educational [[Charitable organization|charity]] which exists to promote excellence in [[design]] and [[advertising]].
{{award table}}
|-
| rowspan="3"| 1999
| rowspan="2"| "[[Teardrop (song)|Teardrop]]"
| Direction
| {{won|place=Gold|Yellow Pencil}}
|-
| Special Effects
| {{won|place=Bronze|Wood Pencil}}
|-
| ''Massive Attack – Teaser''
| Music Packaging and Print Promotion/Promotional Poster
| {{won|place=Gold|Yellow Pencil}}
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2011
| "[[Splitting the Atom]]"
| Music Video
| {{won|place=Bronze|Wood Pencil}}
|-
| "Atlas Air"
| Animation
| {{won|place=Silver|Graphite Pencil}}
{{end}}
===Denmark GAFFA Awards===
Delivered since 1991. The [[Gaffa (magazine)#GAFFA Awards|''GAFFA'' Awards]] (Danish: GAFFA Prisen) are a Danish award that rewards popular music awarded by the magazine of the same name.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gaffa.dk/nyhed/8752|title=GAFFA-prisen 1991-2006 – se vinderne|website=Gaffa.dk|access-date=24 June 2021|archive-date=22 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322005055/https://gaffa.dk/nyhed/8752|url-status=dead}}</ref>
{{award table}}
|-
| rowspan=2|1999
| ''[[Mezzanine (album)|Mezzanine]]''
| Best Foreign Album
| {{nom}}
|-
| "[[Teardrop (song)|Teardrop]]"
| Best Foreign Music Video
| {{won}}
{{end}}
===Edison Awards===
The [[Edison Award]] is an annual Dutch music prize, awarded for outstanding achievements in the music industry. It is one of the oldest music awards in the world, having been presented since 1960.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.edisons.nl/pop/edities/|publisher=[[Edison Award]]|title=Edities – Edison Pop|language=nl|trans-title=Editions - Edison Pop|access-date=23 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915213754/http://www.edisons.nl/pop/edities/|archive-date=15 September 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
{{award table}}
|-
| 1992
| rowspan=2|Themselves
| Best International Dance/Hip-Hop
| {{won}}
|-
| 1999
| Best International Group
| {{won}}
{{end}}
===Fryderyk===
The [[Fryderyk]] is an annual award ceremony in Poland, presented by the [[Polish Society of the Phonographic Industry|Związek Producentów Audio Video]], the IFPI Poland, since 1994.
{{award table}}
|-
| 1998
| ''[[Mezzanine (album)|Mezzanine]]''
| Best Foreign Album
| {{nom}}
{{end}}
===Hungarian Music Awards===
[[Hungarian Music Awards]] is the national music awards of Hungary, held every year since 1992 and promoted by Mahasz.
{{award table}}
|-
| 1999
| ''[[Mezzanine (album)|Mezzanine]]''
| New Trend Album of the Year
| {{nom}}
|-
| 2011
| ''[[Heligoland (album)|Heligoland]]''
| Alternative Music Album of the Year
| {{nom}}
{{end}}
===International Dance Music Awards===
The [[International Dance Music Award]] was established in 1985. It is a part of the Winter Music Conference, a weeklong electronic music event held annually.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wintermusicconference.com/about/aboutwmc/ |title=About WMC |access-date=20 August 2015 |publisher=Winter Music Conference |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150904080330/http://wintermusicconference.com/about/aboutwmc/ |archive-date=4 September 2015 }}</ref>
{{award table}}
|-
| 2011
| "[[Four Walls / Paradise Circus|Paradise Circus]]"
| Best Underground Dance Track
| {{nom}}
{{end}}
===Ivor Novello Awards===
The [[Ivor Novello Awards]] are awarded for [[songwriting]] and [[Musical composition|composing]]. The awards, named after the [[Cardiff]] born entertainer [[Ivor Novello]], are presented annually in London by the [[British Academy of Songwriters, Composers and Authors]] (BASCA).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ivorsacademy.com/awards/the-ivors/archive/|title=Archive | The Ivors | The Ivors Academy | Champions of Music Creators|website=The Ivors Academy}}</ref>
{{award table}}
|-
| 2009
| Themselves
| Outstanding Contribution to British Music
| {{won}}
{{end}}
===MTV Europe Music Awards===
The [[MTV Europe Music Awards]] were established in 1994 by MTV Europe to celebrate the most popular music videos in Europe. Massive Attack has received two awards from three nominations.
{{awards table}}
|-
| [[1995 MTV Europe Music Awards|1995]] || "[[Protection (Massive Attack song)|Protection]]" || Best Video || {{won}}
|-
| rowspan="2"| [[1998 MTV Europe Music Awards|1998]] || "[[Teardrop (song)|Teardrop]]" || Best Video ||{{won}}
|-
| ''[[Mezzanine (album)|Mezzanine]]'' || Best Album || {{nom}}
|-
{{end}}
===NME Awards===
The [[NME Awards|''NME'' Awards]] are annual music awards show founded by the music magazine ''[[NME]]''.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Lipshutz|first=Jason|title=5 Seconds of Summer Celebrates Winning 'Worst Band' Award|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop-shop/6479853/5-seconds-of-summer-nme-worst-band-award|access-date=July 6, 2015|magazine=Billboard|date=August 22, 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150623073429/http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop-shop/6479853/5-seconds-of-summer-nme-worst-band-award|archive-date=June 23, 2015}}</ref>
{{award table}}
|-
| rowspan=3|1999<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rocklistmusic.co.uk/1999.html|title=Rocklist.net...NME End Of Year Lists 1999...|website=Rocklistmusic.co.uk}}</ref>
| Themselves
| Best Group
| {{nom}}
|-
| ''[[Mezzanine (album)|Mezzanine]]''
| Best Album
| {{nom}}
|-
| "[[Teardrop (song)|Teardrop]]"
| Best Single
| {{nom}}
|-
| 2000<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rocklistmusic.co.uk/2000.html|title=Rocklist.net...NME End Of Year Lists 2000...|website=Rocklistmusic.co.uk}}</ref>
| "[[Unfinished Sympathy]]"
| Best Ever Single
| {{nom}}
{{end}}
===Q Awards===
The [[Q Awards]] is the UK's annual music awards held by music magazine ''[[Q (magazine)|Q]]'' for excellence in music. Massive Attack has received two awards from two nominations.
{{awards table}}
|-
|rowspan="1"| 1998 || ''[[Mezzanine (album)|Mezzanine]]'' || Best Album<ref>{{ cite web | url=http://www.everyhit.com/awardq.html | title=The Q Awards 1990–2004 Results|website=Everyhit.com|access-date=17 September 2014}}</ref> || {{won}}
|-
|rowspan="1"| [[Q Awards#2008|2008]] || Massive Attack || Innovation in Sound Award || {{won}}
|-
{{end}}
===Brit Awards===
[[The Brit Awards]] are the [[British Phonographic Industry]]'s annual pop music awards.
{{awards table}}
|-
|rowspan="2"| [[1996 BRIT Awards|1996]] || "[[Protection (Massive Attack song)|Protection]]" ||Best British Video || {{nom}}
|-
| Massive Attack || Best British Dance Act || {{won}}
|-
|rowspan="5"| [[1999 BRIT Awards|1999]] || ''[[Mezzanine (album)|Mezzanine]]'' || MasterCard British Album || {{nom}}
|-
|rowspan="2"| "[[Teardrop (song)|Teardrop]]" || Best British Single || {{nom}}
|-
| Best British Video || {{nom}}
|-
|rowspan="2"| Massive Attack || Best British Group || {{nom}}
|-
| Best British Dance Act || {{nom}}
|-
{{end}}
===UK Music Video Awards===
The '''UK Music Video Awards''' is an annual celebration of creativity, technical excellence and [[innovation]] in music video and moving image for music.
{{awards table}}
|-
|rowspan="3"| 2010 || "[[Four Walls / Paradise Circus|Paradise Circus]]" || rowspan="2"| Best Dance Video || {{nom}}
|-
|rowspan="2"| "[[Splitting the Atom]]" || {{nom}}
|-
| Best Animation in a Video || {{nom}}
|-
|rowspan="2"| 2011 || rowspan="2"| "Atlas Air" || Best Animation in a Video || {{nom}}
|-
| Best Visual Effects in a Video || {{nom}}
|-
{{end}}
===Viva Comet Awards===
[[:de:Comet (Musikpreis)|VIVA Comet Awards]] were an annual awards ceremony, organised by [[VIVA Germany]].
{{award table}}
|-
| 1995
| Massive Attack
| Best Avantgarde Act
| {{won}}
{{end}}
===Žebřík Music Awards===
{{award table}}
!Ref.
|-
| 1998
| "[[Teardrop (song)|Teardrop]]"
| Best International Video
| {{nom}}
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.anketazebrik.cz/historie/2003-1997/|title = 2003-1997 – Anketa Žebřík}}</ref>
|-
| 2006
| ''[[Collected (Massive Attack album)|Collected]]''
| Best International Music DVD
| {{nom}}
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.anketazebrik.cz/historie/2010-2004/|title=2010-2004 – Anketa Žebřík|website=Anketazebrik.cz|access-date=28 September 2021}}</ref>
{{end}}
==Notes==
{{noteslist}}
==Bibliography==
Chemam, Melissa, ''Massive Attack: Out of the Comfort Zone'', Tangent Books (2019) {{ISBN|1910089729}}, {{ISBN|978-1910089729}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
{{commons category|Massive Attack}}
* {{Official website}}
* {{discogs artist}}
* {{imdb name|1039315}}
* [https://www.amazon.co.uk/Massive-Attack-Out-Comfort-Zone/dp/1910089729 'Massive Attack: Out of the Comfort Zone']
{{Massive Attack}}
{{Brit Dance Act}}
{{Authority control}}{{engvarb}}
[[Category:Brit Award winners]]
[[Category:MTV Europe Music Award winners]]
[[Category:English electronic music groups]]
[[Category:Musical groups from Bristol]]
[[Category:Musical groups established in 1988]]
[[Category:Trip hop groups]]
[[Category:English musical trios]]
[[Category:Virgin Records artists]]
[[Category:Musical collectives]]
[[Category:British environmentalists]]
[[Category:Political music groups]]
[[Category:1988 establishments in England]]
[[Category:Environmental musical artists]]' |
Parsed HTML source of the new revision (new_html) | '<div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">English trip hop group</div>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the Nicki Minaj song, see <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Massive_Attack_(song)" title="Massive Attack (song)">Massive Attack (song)</a>.</div>
<p class="mw-empty-elt">
</p>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237879389">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard plainlist"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de; font-size: 125%;"><div class="fn org">Massive Attack</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Massive_Attack,_Saint-Petersburg,_2010-09-26_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The band onstage"><img alt="The band onstage" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Massive_Attack%2C_Saint-Petersburg%2C_2010-09-26_%28cropped%29.jpg/291px-Massive_Attack%2C_Saint-Petersburg%2C_2010-09-26_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="291" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Massive_Attack%2C_Saint-Petersburg%2C_2010-09-26_%28cropped%29.jpg/436px-Massive_Attack%2C_Saint-Petersburg%2C_2010-09-26_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Massive_Attack%2C_Saint-Petersburg%2C_2010-09-26_%28cropped%29.jpg/581px-Massive_Attack%2C_Saint-Petersburg%2C_2010-09-26_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="678" data-file-height="467" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Robert_Del_Naja" title="Robert Del Naja">3D</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Daddy_G" title="Daddy G">Daddy G</a> performing in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a>, Russia in 2010</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de">Background information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Also known as</span></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Massive<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Origin</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bristol" title="Bristol">Bristol</a>,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources.">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> [[England], UK</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Genres</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trip_hop" title="Trip hop">Trip hop</a></li><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Electronic_music" title="Electronic music">electronic</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Years active</span></th><td class="infobox-data">1988–present</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Labels</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Wild Bunch</li><li>Circa</li><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Virgin_Records" title="Virgin Records">Virgin</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spinoff of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Wild_Bunch_(sound_system)" title="The Wild Bunch (sound system)">The Wild Bunch</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de"></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Members</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Robert_Del_Naja" title="Robert Del Naja">Robert "3D" Del Naja</a><sup id="cite_ref-signs_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-signs-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tricky_(musician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tricky (musician)">Adrian "Tricky" Thaws</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Daddy_G" title="Daddy G">Grant "Daddy G" Marshall</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de"></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Past members</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Andrew_Vowles" title="Andrew Vowles">Andrew "Mushroom" Vowles</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Neil_Davidge" title="Neil Davidge">Neil Davidge</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Horace_Andy" title="Horace Andy">Horace Andy</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stephanie_Dosen" title="Stephanie Dosen">Stephanie Dosen</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tracey_Thorn" title="Tracey Thorn">Tracey Thorn</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shara_Nelson" title="Shara Nelson">Shara Nelson</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de"></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.massiveattack.co.uk/">massiveattack.co.uk</a></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p><b>Massive Attack</b> are an English <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trip_hop" title="Trip hop">trip hop</a> collective formed in 1988 in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bristol" title="Bristol">Bristol</a> by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Robert_Del_Naja" title="Robert Del Naja">Robert "3D" Del Naja</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tricky_(musician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tricky (musician)">Adrian "Tricky" Thaws</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Andrew_Vowles" title="Andrew Vowles">Andrew "Mushroom" Vowles</a>, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Daddy_G" title="Daddy G">Grant "Daddy G" Marshall</a>. The group currently consists of Del Naja "3D", Thaws "Tricky", and Marshall "Daddy G".
</p><p>The debut Massive Attack album, <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Blue_Lines" title="Blue Lines">Blue Lines</a></i>, was released in 1991. The single "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Unfinished_Sympathy" title="Unfinished Sympathy">Unfinished Sympathy</a>" was a chart hit in Europe, including number one on the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dutch_Top_40" title="Dutch Top 40">Dutch Top 40</a>, and was later voted the 63rd-greatest song of all time in a poll by <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/NME" title="NME">NME</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their 1994 sophomore album <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Protection_(Massive_Attack_album)" title="Protection (Massive Attack album)"><i>Protection</i></a> debuted at number four in the UK.
</p><p>The band reached number one on the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/UK_Albums_Chart" title="UK Albums Chart">UK Albums Chart</a> with 1998's <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mezzanine_(album)" title="Mezzanine (album)">Mezzanine</a></i> and 2003's <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/100th_Window" title="100th Window">100th Window</a>.</i> The former contains "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Teardrop_(song)" title="Teardrop (song)">Teardrop</a>", a top 10 single in the UK which earned further recognition as the opening theme to the American television series <a href="/enwiki/wiki/House_(TV_series)" title="House (TV series)"><i>House</i></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both <i>Blue Lines</i> and <i>Mezzanine</i> feature in <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a></i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s list of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rolling_Stone%27s_500_Greatest_Albums_of_All_Time" title="Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time">500 Greatest Albums of All Time</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>The group have collaborated with several recurring guest vocalists, including <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Horace_Andy" title="Horace Andy">Horace Andy</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tracey_Thorn" title="Tracey Thorn">Tracey Thorn</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Elizabeth_Fraser" title="Elizabeth Fraser">Elizabeth Fraser</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sin%C3%A9ad_O%27Connor" title="Sinéad O'Connor">Sinéad O'Connor</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hope_Sandoval" title="Hope Sandoval">Hope Sandoval</a>.
</p><p>Massive Attack's awards include a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brit_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Brit Award">Brit Award</a> for Best British Dance Act, two <a href="/enwiki/wiki/MTV_Europe_Music_Awards" title="MTV Europe Music Awards">MTV Europe Music Awards</a>, and two <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Q_Awards" title="Q Awards">Q Awards</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their five studio albums have sold over 13 million copies worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Massive Attack are also known for supporting several political, human rights and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Environmentalism_in_music" title="Environmentalism in music">environmental</a> causes.
</p>
<div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Any_Love_beginnings"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext"><i>Any Love</i> beginnings</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Blue_Lines_and_"Unfinished_Sympathy""><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext"><i>Blue Lines</i> and "Unfinished Sympathy"</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Protection_and_Melankolic"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext"><i>Protection</i> and Melankolic</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Mezzanine,_"Teardrop",_Vowles's_departure_and_Marshall's_absence"><span class="tocnumber">1.4</span> <span class="toctext"><i>Mezzanine</i>, "Teardrop", Vowles's departure and Marshall's absence</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#100th_Window,_Marshall's_return_and_Collected"><span class="tocnumber">1.5</span> <span class="toctext"><i>100th Window</i>, Marshall's return and <i>Collected</i></span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#"Weather_Underground"_/_Heligoland_era"><span class="tocnumber">1.6</span> <span class="toctext">"Weather Underground" / <i>Heligoland</i> era</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Ritual_Spirit_EP,_the_return_of_Tricky,_and_new_songs"><span class="tocnumber">1.7</span> <span class="toctext"><i>Ritual Spirit</i> EP, the return of Tricky, and new songs</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Eutopia_EP_and_audiovisual_releases"><span class="tocnumber">1.8</span> <span class="toctext"><i>Eutopia</i> EP and audiovisual releases</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#Musical_style"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Musical style</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#Other_projects"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Other projects</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#'Fire_Sale'_exhibition"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">'Fire Sale' exhibition</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Massive_Attack_and_Adam_Curtis"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Massive Attack and Adam Curtis</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Mezzanine_DNA"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Mezzanine DNA</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Decarbonisation_project"><span class="tocnumber">3.4</span> <span class="toctext">Decarbonisation project</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="#Activism_and_politics"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Activism and politics</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="#Anti-war_advocacy"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Anti-war advocacy</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#Human_rights"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Human rights</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="#British_politics"><span class="tocnumber">4.3</span> <span class="toctext">British politics</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="#International_politics"><span class="tocnumber">4.4</span> <span class="toctext">International politics</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-21"><a href="#Israeli-Palestinian_conflict"><span class="tocnumber">4.4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Israeli-Palestinian conflict</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><a href="#Environmentalism"><span class="tocnumber">4.5</span> <span class="toctext">Environmentalism</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-23"><a href="#Other"><span class="tocnumber">4.6</span> <span class="toctext">Other</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-24"><a href="#Band_members"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Band members</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25"><a href="#Timeline"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Timeline</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-26"><a href="#Discography"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Discography</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-27"><a href="#Awards_and_nominations"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Awards and nominations</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-28"><a href="#Billboard_Music_Awards"><span class="tocnumber">7.1</span> <span class="toctext">Billboard Music Awards</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-29"><a href="#D&AD_Awards"><span class="tocnumber">7.2</span> <span class="toctext">D&AD Awards</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-30"><a href="#Denmark_GAFFA_Awards"><span class="tocnumber">7.3</span> <span class="toctext">Denmark GAFFA Awards</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-31"><a href="#Edison_Awards"><span class="tocnumber">7.4</span> <span class="toctext">Edison Awards</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-32"><a href="#Fryderyk"><span class="tocnumber">7.5</span> <span class="toctext">Fryderyk</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-33"><a href="#Hungarian_Music_Awards"><span class="tocnumber">7.6</span> <span class="toctext">Hungarian Music Awards</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-34"><a href="#International_Dance_Music_Awards"><span class="tocnumber">7.7</span> <span class="toctext">International Dance Music Awards</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-35"><a href="#Ivor_Novello_Awards"><span class="tocnumber">7.8</span> <span class="toctext">Ivor Novello Awards</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-36"><a href="#MTV_Europe_Music_Awards"><span class="tocnumber">7.9</span> <span class="toctext">MTV Europe Music Awards</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-37"><a href="#NME_Awards"><span class="tocnumber">7.10</span> <span class="toctext">NME Awards</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-38"><a href="#Q_Awards"><span class="tocnumber">7.11</span> <span class="toctext">Q Awards</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-39"><a href="#Brit_Awards"><span class="tocnumber">7.12</span> <span class="toctext">Brit Awards</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-40"><a href="#UK_Music_Video_Awards"><span class="tocnumber">7.13</span> <span class="toctext">UK Music Video Awards</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-41"><a href="#Viva_Comet_Awards"><span class="tocnumber">7.14</span> <span class="toctext">Viva Comet Awards</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-42"><a href="#Žebřík_Music_Awards"><span class="tocnumber">7.15</span> <span class="toctext">Žebřík Music Awards</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-43"><a href="#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-44"><a href="#Bibliography"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Bibliography</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-45"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-46"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Massive_Attack&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<p>Deejays Daddy G, Andrew Vowles, musician and rapper Tricky, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Graffiti" title="Graffiti">graffiti</a> artist-turned-<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Rapping" title="Rapping">rapper</a> Robert Del Naja met as members of partying collective <a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Wild_Bunch_(sound_system)" title="The Wild Bunch (sound system)">the Wild Bunch</a>. One of the first homegrown <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sound_system_(DJ)" title="Sound system (DJ)">soundsystems</a> in the UK, the Wild Bunch became dominant on the Bristol club scene in the mid-1980s.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Massive Attack started as a spin-off production quartet in 1988, with the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Independent_music" title="Independent music">independently</a> released song, "Any Love", sung by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Falsetto" title="Falsetto">falsetto</a>-voiced singer-songwriter <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Carlton_(singer)" title="Carlton (singer)">Carlton McCarthy</a>, and then they signed to Circa Records<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 1990—committing to deliver six studio albums and a "best of" <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Compilation_album" title="Compilation album">compilation</a>. Circa became a subsidiary of, and was later subsumed into, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Virgin_Records" title="Virgin Records">Virgin Records</a>, which in turn was acquired by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/EMI" title="EMI">EMI</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-allmusicbio_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-allmusicbio-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-timedigital_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-timedigital-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Blue Lines</i> (1991), was co-produced by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jonny_Dollar" title="Jonny Dollar">Jonny Dollar</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cameron_McVey" title="Cameron McVey">Cameron McVey</a>, McVey also became their first manager.<sup id="cite_ref-brandplayson_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brandplayson-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> McVey (credited at the time as 'Booga Bear') and his wife, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Neneh_Cherry" title="Neneh Cherry">Neneh Cherry</a>, provided crucial financial support and in-kind assistance to the early careers of Massive Attack, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Portishead_(band)" title="Portishead (band)">Portishead</a>, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tricky_(musician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tricky (musician)">Tricky</a> during this period, even paying regular wages to them through their Cherry Bear organisation.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Massive Attack used guest vocalists, interspersed with their own <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sprechgesang" title="Sprechgesang">sprechgesang</a></i> stylings, on top of what became regarded as an essentially British creative sampling production; a trademark sound that fused <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hip_hop_music" title="Hip hop music">hip hop</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Soul_music" title="Soul music">soul</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Reggae" title="Reggae">reggae</a> and other eclectic references, both musical and lyrical.<sup id="cite_ref-allmusicbio_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-allmusicbio-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>In the 1990s, the members worked increasingly separately. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tricky_(musician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tricky (musician)">Adrian "Tricky" Thaws</a> left Massive Attack in 1995 and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Andrew_Vowles" title="Andrew Vowles">Andrew Vowles</a> (Mushroom) left Massive Attack in late 1999. Despite having taken Del Naja's side and participating in a webcast as a duo the following year, Grant Marshall (Daddy G) took a personal break in 2001. Marshall rejoined the band for their following tour in 2003 and 2004,<sup id="cite_ref-lynskey_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lynskey-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and returned to a studio role in 2005. Thaws also rejoined Massive Attack in early 2016.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Any_Love_beginnings"><i>Any Love</i> beginnings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Massive_Attack&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Any Love beginnings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<p>Unsigned, Mushroom (Andy Vowles), Daddy G (Grant Marshall), 3D (Robert Del Naja) and Tricky (Adrian Thaws) put out "Any Love" as a single,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> co-produced by Bristol double-act <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Smith_%26_Mighty" title="Smith & Mighty">Smith & Mighty</a>.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Blue_Lines_and_"Unfinished_Sympathy""><span id="Blue_Lines_and_.22Unfinished_Sympathy.22"></span><i>Blue Lines</i> and "Unfinished Sympathy"</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Massive_Attack&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Blue Lines and "Unfinished Sympathy""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Blue_Lines" title="Blue Lines">Blue Lines</a></div>
<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Robert_Del_Naja@Barcelone-crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Robert_Del_Naja%40Barcelone-crop.jpg/220px-Robert_Del_Naja%40Barcelone-crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="241" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Robert_Del_Naja%40Barcelone-crop.jpg/330px-Robert_Del_Naja%40Barcelone-crop.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Robert_Del_Naja%40Barcelone-crop.jpg/440px-Robert_Del_Naja%40Barcelone-crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2153" data-file-height="2354" /></a><figcaption><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Robert_Del_Naja" title="Robert Del Naja">Robert Del Naja</a> at Barcelona 2007</figcaption></figure>
<p>3D co-wrote Neneh Cherry's "Manchild",<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which peaked at number 5 in the UK single chart.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cameron McVey and Neneh Cherry helped them to record their first LP, <i>Blue Lines</i>, partly in their house, and the album was released in 1991 on Virgin Records.<sup id="cite_ref-allmusic-bluelines_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-allmusic-bluelines-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>The album used vocalists including <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Horace_Andy" title="Horace Andy">Horace Andy</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shara_Nelson" title="Shara Nelson">Shara Nelson</a>, a former Wild Bunch cohort.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> MC's Tricky and Willie Wee, also once part of the Wild Bunch, featured, as well as Daddy G's voice on "Five Man Army". Neneh Cherry sang backing vocals on environmentalist anthem, "Hymn of the Big Wheel".<sup id="cite_ref-allmusic-bluelines_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-allmusic-bluelines-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>That year they released "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Unfinished_Sympathy" title="Unfinished Sympathy">Unfinished Sympathy</a>" as a single, a string-arranged track at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Abbey_Road_Studios" title="Abbey Road Studios">Abbey Road</a> studio, scored by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Will_Malone" class="mw-redirect" title="Will Malone">Will Malone</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that went on to be voted the 10th greatest song of all time in a poll by <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>The group temporarily shortened their name to "Massive" on the advice of McVey to avoid controversy relating to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They returned to being "Massive Attack" for their next single, "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Safe_from_Harm_(song)" title="Safe from Harm (song)">Safe from Harm</a>".
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Protection_and_Melankolic"><i>Protection</i> and Melankolic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Massive_Attack&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Protection and Melankolic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Protection_(Massive_Attack_album)" title="Protection (Massive Attack album)">Protection (Massive Attack album)</a></div>
<p>After Shara Nelson left, the band brought in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Everything_but_the_Girl" title="Everything but the Girl">Everything but the Girl</a>'s <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tracey_Thorn" title="Tracey Thorn">Tracey Thorn</a><sup id="cite_ref-allmusicbio_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-allmusicbio-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nicolette_(musician)" title="Nicolette (musician)">Nicolette</a> as vocalists and released "Protection" on 26 September 1994.
</p><p>With McVey out of the picture, Massive Attack enlisted the production talents of former Wild Bunch <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nellee_Hooper" title="Nellee Hooper">Nellee Hooper</a> to co-produce some songs on it, with Mushroom. Other tracks were co-produced by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Insects" class="mw-redirect" title="The Insects">the Insects</a> and 3D. A dub version, <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/No_Protection_(Massive_Attack_album)" title="No Protection (Massive Attack album)">No Protection</a></i>, was released the following year by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mad_Professor" title="Mad Professor">Mad Professor</a>. <i>Protection</i> won a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brit_Awards" title="Brit Awards">Brit award</a> for Best Dance Act.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The other collaborators on <i>Protection</i> were <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Marius_de_Vries" title="Marius de Vries">Marius de Vries</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Craig_Armstrong_(composer)" title="Craig Armstrong (composer)">Craig Armstrong</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-lynskey_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lynskey-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a Scottish classical pianist, and Tricky. Tricky's solo career was taking off at this time and he decided not to collaborate with Massive Attack after this.<sup id="cite_ref-allmusicbio_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-allmusicbio-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>1994-95 was also the period of Portishead's <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dummy_(album)" title="Dummy (album)">Dummy</a></i> and Tricky's <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Maxinquaye" title="Maxinquaye">Maxinquaye</a></i> albums and the term "trip hop" was coined.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The media started to refer to the "Bristol scene".<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>In 1995, Massive Attack started a label distributed by Virgin/EMI, Melankolic, and signed Craig Armstrong and a number of other artists such as Horace Andy, <a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Lewis_Parker_(band)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lewis Parker (band) (page does not exist)">Lewis Parker</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alpha_(band)" title="Alpha (band)">Alpha</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sunna_(band)" title="Sunna (band)">Sunna</a>, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Day_One_(band)" title="Day One (band)">Day One</a>. The group espoused a non-interference philosophy that allowed the artists to make their albums in the way they wanted.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>The same year the Insects became unavailable for co-production and having parted ways with Nellee Hooper, the band were introduced to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Neil_Davidge" title="Neil Davidge">Neil Davidge</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-bbcinterview_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbcinterview-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a relatively unknown producer whose main claim to fame thus far had been an association with anonymous dance-pop outfit <a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_DNA_Disciples" class="mw-redirect" title="The DNA Disciples">DNA</a>. The first track they worked on was "The Hunter Gets Captured by the Game", a cover version sung by Tracey Thorn for the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Batman_Forever_(soundtrack)" title="Batman Forever (soundtrack)"><i>Batman Forever</i> soundtrack</a>. Initially, Davidge was brought in as engineer, but soon became producer.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>The group increasingly fractured in the lead-up to the third album, Davidge having to co-produce the three producers' ideas separately. Mushroom was reported to be unhappy with the degree of the post-punk direction in which Del Naja, increasingly filling the production vacuum, was taking the band.<sup id="cite_ref-bbcinterview_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbcinterview-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>In 1997, the group contributed to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Jackal_(soundtrack)" title="The Jackal (soundtrack)">film soundtrack</a> of <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Jackal_(1997_film)" title="The Jackal (1997 film)">The Jackal</a></i>, recording "Superpredators (Metal Postcard)", a song containing a sample of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Siouxsie_and_the_Banshees" title="Siouxsie and the Banshees">Siouxsie and the Banshees</a>' "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mittageisen" title="Mittageisen">Mittageisen</a>"<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and "Dissolved Girl", a new song with vocals by Sarah Jay (that was later remixed for the next album), which was featured at the beginning of the 1999 film <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Matrix" title="The Matrix">The Matrix</a></i>, although it was not on the official soundtrack.
</p><p>Later that year they released a single, "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Risingson" title="Risingson">Risingson</a>", from what would be their third album, <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mezzanine_(album)" title="Mezzanine (album)">Mezzanine</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-allmusic-mezzanine_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-allmusic-mezzanine-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mezzanine,_"Teardrop",_Vowles's_departure_and_Marshall's_absence"><span id="Mezzanine.2C_.22Teardrop.22.2C_Vowles.27s_departure_and_Marshall.27s_absence"></span><i>Mezzanine</i>, "Teardrop", Vowles's departure and Marshall's absence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Massive_Attack&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Mezzanine, "Teardrop", Vowles's departure and Marshall's absence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mezzanine_(album)" title="Mezzanine (album)">Mezzanine (album)</a></div>
<p>In 1997, Del Naja became the band's main producer in the recording sessions that made <i>Mezzanine</i>, Massive Attack's most commercially successful album,<sup id="cite_ref-dazeddigital.com_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dazeddigital.com-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> selling nearly four million copies. It featured Neil Davidge as a sound engineer and co-producer, and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Horace_Andy" title="Horace Andy">Horace Andy</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Elizabeth_Fraser" title="Elizabeth Fraser">Elizabeth Fraser</a> as the main guest vocalists. During recording, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Angelo_Bruschini" title="Angelo Bruschini">Angelo Bruschini</a> became their permanent lead guitarist both in the studio and live.<sup id="cite_ref-allmusic-mezzanine_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-allmusic-mezzanine-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>The lead single, after "Risingson", was "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Teardrop_(Massive_Attack_song)" class="mw-redirect" title="Teardrop (Massive Attack song)">Teardrop</a>", sung by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Elizabeth_Fraser" title="Elizabeth Fraser">Elizabeth Fraser</a> of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cocteau_Twins" title="Cocteau Twins">Cocteau Twins</a>. The song was accompanied by a video directed by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Walter_Stern_(director)" title="Walter Stern (director)">Walter Stern</a>, of an <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Animatronic" class="mw-redirect" title="Animatronic">animatronic</a> singing fetus. Horace Andy sang on three songs, including "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Angel_(Massive_Attack_song)" title="Angel (Massive Attack song)">Angel</a>". A track the band made for the film <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Jackal_(1997_film)" title="The Jackal (1997 film)">The Jackal</a>,</i> "Dissolved Girl", sung by Sarah Jay, was remixed for inclusion on the record.
</p><p><i>Mezzanine</i> went on to win a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Q_Awards" title="Q Awards">Q Award</a> for Best Album<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as being nominated for a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mercury_Prize" title="Mercury Prize">Mercury Prize</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Touring extensively, friction between Mushroom and the others came to a head. Mushroom was unhappy with the direction of the group and having to appear on tour.<sup id="cite_ref-sawyer_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sawyer-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Around this time, Del Naja, with Davidge decamped into Ridge Farm studio with friends and band members of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lupine_Howl" title="Lupine Howl">Lupine Howl</a> (made up of former members of the band <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Spiritualized" title="Spiritualized">Spiritualized</a>, including Damon Reece, who went on to be Massive Attack's permanent drummer and one of two live drummers) towards a fourth Massive Attack LP, taking things even further into a rock direction.<sup id="cite_ref-brandplayson_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brandplayson-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>2001 also saw the release of <i>Eleven Promos,</i> a DVD of Massive Attack's 11 music videos thus far, including "Angel", a £100,000+ promo.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="100th_Window,_Marshall's_return_and_Collected"><span id="100th_Window.2C_Marshall.27s_return_and_Collected"></span><i>100th Window</i>, Marshall's return and <i>Collected</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Massive_Attack&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 100th Window, Marshall's return and Collected"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/100th_Window" title="100th Window">100th Window</a></div>
<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/File:Daddy_g.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Daddy_g.jpg/170px-Daddy_g.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Daddy_g.jpg/255px-Daddy_g.jpg 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Daddy_g.jpg/340px-Daddy_g.jpg 2x" data-file-width="825" data-file-height="1191" /></a><figcaption><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Daddy_G" title="Daddy G">Grant Marshall</a> at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eurock%C3%A9ennes" title="Eurockéennes">Eurockéennes</a> Festival 2008</figcaption></figure>
<p>With Daddy G temporarily no longer involved in the studio, Davidge and Del Naja steered "LP4" on their own. Enlisting the vocals of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sin%C3%A9ad_O%27Connor" title="Sinéad O'Connor">Sinéad O'Connor</a> and Horace Andy, <i>100th Window</i> was mastered in August 2002 and released in February 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-allmusic100thwindow_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-allmusic100thwindow-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Featuring no samples or cover versions, <i>100th Window</i> was not as critically well-received in Britain as the other records, although the album received a warmer reception internationally, scoring a 75 out of 100 on review aggregation site <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Metacritic" title="Metacritic">Metacritic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>The group collaborated with <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mos_Def" class="mw-redirect" title="Mos Def">Mos Def</a> on the track "I Against I", which appeared on the "Special Cases" single and the soundtrack for <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Blade_II" title="Blade II">Blade II</a></i>. "I Against I" is also notable as the only track from the <i>100th Window</i> sessions that features a writing credit from Daddy G.
</p><p>Also in 2003, Del Naja was arrested on allegations involving child pornography, which were reported widely in the media.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Del Naja was soon eliminated as a suspect<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (although he was charged with <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ecstasy_(drug)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecstasy (drug)">ecstasy</a> possession and unable to get a U.S. visa for a while) with Daddy G and fans offering their support. The arrest affected the beginning of the <i>100th Window</i> tour schedule.
</p><p><i>100th Window</i> sold over one million copies and was toured extensively (including Queen Square, Bristol—a one-off sell out concert set up in the city centre park, which was seen as a homecoming).<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Afterwards, Del Naja and Davidge agreed to an offer from director <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Louis_Leterrier" title="Louis Leterrier">Louis Leterrier</a> to score the entire soundtrack for <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Unleashed_(2005_film)" title="Unleashed (2005 film)">Danny the Dog</a></i>, starring <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jet_Li" title="Jet Li">Jet Li</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dot_Allison" title="Dot Allison">Dot Allison</a>, who had sung with the band on the <i>100th Window</i> tour, sang the end title track, "Aftersun". Del Naja and Davidge also scored the soundtrack for the <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bullet_Boy" title="Bullet Boy">Bullet Boy</a></i> film, with Del Naja on the end title vocals.
</p><p>In 2005, Daddy G started coming into the studio, although little came of the material. He decided to instead work with a production duo, Robot Club, in another studio, feeling that he would be more free to develop tracks in the way he wanted. Meanwhile, Del Naja and Davidge recorded with a number of different singers as well as creating a track named "Twilight", for <a href="/enwiki/wiki/UNKLE" class="mw-redirect" title="UNKLE">UNKLE</a>'s <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/War_Stories_(album)" title="War Stories (album)">War Stories</a></i> album. Later that year, Massive Attack decided to release their contractually obliged compilation album <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Collected_(Massive_Attack_album)" title="Collected (Massive Attack album)">Collected</a></i> in 2006. They released it with a second disc, made up of previously released non-album songs and unreleased sketches.<sup id="cite_ref-allmusic100thwindow_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-allmusic100thwindow-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id=""Weather_Underground"_/_Heligoland_era"><span id=".22Weather_Underground.22_.2F_Heligoland_era"></span>"Weather Underground" / <i>Heligoland</i> era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Massive_Attack&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: "Weather Underground" / Heligoland era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Heligoland_(album)" title="Heligoland (album)">Heligoland (album)</a></div>
<p>In 2007, Del Naja and Davidge scored three soundtracks, <i>In Prison My Whole Life</i> (which featured a track called "Calling Mumia" with vocals by American rapper <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Snoop_Dogg" title="Snoop Dogg">Snoop Dogg</a>), <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Battle_in_Seattle" title="Battle in Seattle">Battle in Seattle</a></i> and <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trouble_the_Water" title="Trouble the Water">Trouble the Water</a>.</i>
</p><p>In February 2007, Massive Attack hosted a charity benefit for the Hoping Foundation, a charity for <a href="/enwiki/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">Palestinian</a> children. In 2008, it was announced that Massive Attack were to curate the UK's Southbank <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Meltdown_(festival)" title="Meltdown (festival)">Meltdown</a>, a week-long event. It was suggested in interviews that this event would inspire Massive Attack back into action, having spent several years drifting towards the completion of their fifth studio album.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Later that year, Del Naja and Daddy G headed to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Damon_Albarn" title="Damon Albarn">Damon Albarn</a>'s studios for some writing and jamming. Around this time, Davidge scored the soundtrack for a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Paul_McGuigan_(filmmaker)" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul McGuigan (filmmaker)">Paul McGuigan</a> film, <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Push_(2009_film)" title="Push (2009 film)">Push</a></i> and in December, Del Naja completed the score for <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/44_Inch_Chest" title="44 Inch Chest">44 Inch Chest</a></i> with the Insects and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Angelo_Badalamenti" title="Angelo Badalamenti">Angelo Badalamenti</a>.
</p><p>Davidge and Del Naja got back together in 2009 with Daddy G to finish the fifth album, incorporating bits of the Albarn material. Later it was announced that the band were to headline the 2009 <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bestival" title="Bestival">Bestival</a> festival,<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and soon after that they were to tour the UK and Europe. In May, Del Naja's instrumental "Herculaneum", featured in the film <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gomorra_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gomorra (film)">Gomorra</a></i>, won an Italian award for Best Song. Later that month, Del Naja and Marshall picked up a special <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ivor_Novello_Awards" title="Ivor Novello Awards">Ivor Novello award</a> for Outstanding Contribution to British Music.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>On 29 May 2009, Jonny Dollar died of cancer aged 45, survived by his wife and four children. Dollar was the programmer and hands-on producer behind <i>Blue Lines</i>, writing some of the melodies that were the basis for the string arrangements in "Unfinished Sympathy".<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>On 25 August 2009 their new EP, <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Splitting_the_Atom" title="Splitting the Atom">Splitting the Atom</a>,</i> was announced. The other new tracks on the EP were <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tunde_Adebimpe" title="Tunde Adebimpe">Tunde Adebimpe</a>'s "Pray For Rain", <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Martina_Topley-Bird" title="Martina Topley-Bird">Martina Topley-Bird</a>'s "Psyche" and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Guy_Garvey" title="Guy Garvey">Guy Garvey</a>'s "Bulletproof Love". The latter two tracks appear as remixes of the album versions.
</p><p>The fifth album was released on 12 November 2009, called <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Heligoland_(album)" title="Heligoland (album)">Heligoland</a>,</i> after the German <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Archipelago" title="Archipelago">archipelago</a> of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Heligoland" title="Heligoland">Heligoland</a>, after a previous project called "Weather Underground" was abandoned.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Del Naja said "I think it's got definitely a more organic feel".<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The opening track, "Pray For Rain" featured guest vocals of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/TV_on_the_Radio" title="TV on the Radio">TV on the Radio</a>'s Tunde Adebimpe. Damon Albarn, Martina Topley-Bird and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mazzy_Star" title="Mazzy Star">Mazzy Star</a> frontwoman <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hope_Sandoval" title="Hope Sandoval">Hope Sandoval</a> also provide guest vocals on the album. Del Naja said in October 2010, to the Spinner website, that his plans were now for "unorthodox" releases of several EPs in 2011, rather than an album.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ritual_Spirit_EP,_the_return_of_Tricky,_and_new_songs"><span id="Ritual_Spirit_EP.2C_the_return_of_Tricky.2C_and_new_songs"></span><i>Ritual Spirit</i> EP, the return of Tricky, and new songs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Massive_Attack&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Ritual Spirit EP, the return of Tricky, and new songs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<p>In a 2013 interview for his first solo art show since 2008, Del Naja confirmed that not only was new Massive Attack material in the works, but that rumours of a reunion with Tricky were true.<sup id="cite_ref-metrotreunion_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-metrotreunion-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tricky had not been featured on a Massive Attack album since 1994's <i>Protection.</i>
</p>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"The idea is to put a record out next year", he says. "We actually get on really well at the moment because we don't spend time in the studio together", he says with a wry grin. "Me and Tricky wrote some new tracks in Paris last year, which haven't seen the light of day yet – but that was fun. They should be on the next album." </p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Robert Del Naja, <i>Metro</i>, 23 May 2013<sup id="cite_ref-metrotreunion_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-metrotreunion-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote>
<p>On 5 February 2014, it was confirmed that Massive Attack would headline at Secret Solstice, a new music festival in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Reykjav%C3%ADk" title="Reykjavík">Reykjavík</a> in June.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 21 February 2015, it was confirmed through the Massive Attack Facebook page that they would be collaborating with <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Run_the_Jewels" title="Run the Jewels">Run the Jewels</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>On 21 January 2016, the iPhone application "Fantom" was released. The application was developed by a team including Del Naja and let users hear parts of four new songs by remixing them in real time, using the phone's location, movement, clock, heartbeat, and camera.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>
</p><p>On 28 January 2016, Massive Attack released a new EP, <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ritual_Spirit" title="Ritual Spirit">Ritual Spirit</a></i>, which includes the four songs released on Fantom. The EP was written and produced by Del Naja and new collaborator, Euan Dickinson.
</p><p>It was their first release since the 2011 <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Four_Walls_/_Paradise_Circus" title="Four Walls / Paradise Circus">Four Walls / Paradise Circus</a></i> collaboration with <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Burial_(musician)" title="Burial (musician)">Burial</a>, and the first time since 1994 that Tricky had been featured on Massive Attack content. Scottish hip-hop group <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Young_Fathers" title="Young Fathers">Young Fathers</a>, London rapper <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Roots_Manuva" title="Roots Manuva">Roots Manuva</a> and singer <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Azekel" title="Azekel">Azekel</a> also featured on the EP.<sup id="cite_ref-consquenceofsound_2016_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-consquenceofsound_2016-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>On 26 July 2016, Massive Attack previewed three new songs: "Come Near Me", "The Spoils", and "Dear Friend" on the Fantom iPhone application on which they previously previewed the four songs from the <i>Ritual Spirit</i> EP.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>On 29 July 2016, they released a new EP, "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Spoils_(song)" title="The Spoils (song)">The Spoils</a>", which includes "The Spoils" and "Come Near Me", both previewed on Fantom. "The Spoils" features vocals from American singer-songwriter <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hope_Sandoval" title="Hope Sandoval">Hope Sandoval</a>, and "Come Near Me" features British vocalist <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ghostpoet" title="Ghostpoet">Ghostpoet</a>. A music video for "Come Near Me", directed by Ed Morris, and featuring Kosovan actress <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Arta_Dobroshi" title="Arta Dobroshi">Arta Dobroshi</a>, was released the same day as the single.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The video for "The Spoils", featuring <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cate_Blanchett" title="Cate Blanchett">Cate Blanchett</a> and directed by Australian director <a href="/enwiki/wiki/John_Hillcoat" title="John Hillcoat">John Hillcoat</a>, was released on 9 August 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>On 13 July 2018, Massive Attack cancelled their appearance at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mad_Cool" title="Mad Cool">Mad Cool</a> festival in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a> because of sound bleed from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Franz_Ferdinand_(band)" title="Franz Ferdinand (band)">Franz Ferdinand</a> on a neighbouring stage. The festival offered several solutions to accommodate the band, but Massive Attack rejected them all.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>In 2019, Massive Attack went on tour to promote the 20th anniversary rerelease of <i>Mezzanine</i>, billed as "Mezzanine XX1". The American tour dates, originally scheduled for April, were postponed to September due to illness in the band.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eutopia_EP_and_audiovisual_releases"><i>Eutopia</i> EP and audiovisual releases</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Massive_Attack&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Eutopia EP and audiovisual releases"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<p>In July 2020, Massive Attack released a political audiovisual EP called <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eutopia_(extended_play)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eutopia (extended play)">Eutopia</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The three-track fusion was created across five cities during the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a> global lockdown period, and was partly formed by generative algorithmic visuals from AI art pioneer <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mario_Klingemann" title="Mario Klingemann">Mario Klingemann</a> and collaborations with <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Algiers_(band)" title="Algiers (band)">Algiers</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Young_Fathers" title="Young Fathers">Young Fathers</a> and US poet <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Saul_Williams" title="Saul Williams">Saul Williams</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The conceptual project, co-written and produced by 3D and documentary filmmaker <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mark_Donne" title="Mark Donne">Mark Donne</a>, featured strong arguments for global system change from UN Paris Climate Agreement author <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Christiana_Figueres" title="Christiana Figueres">Christiana Figueres</a>, founder of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Universal_Basic_Income" class="mw-redirect" title="Universal Basic Income">Universal Basic Income</a> Principle Professor <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Guy_Standing_(economist)" title="Guy Standing (economist)">Guy Standing</a> and inventor of the US "Wealth Tax" policy Professor <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gabriel_Zucman" title="Gabriel Zucman">Gabriel Zucman</a>. Each video ends with a quote from Thomas More's <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Utopia_(More_book)" class="mw-redirect" title="Utopia (More book)">Utopia</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Massive Attack were scheduled to headline the 2022 edition of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Primavera_Sound" title="Primavera Sound">Primavera Sound</a> music festival in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>, but an unnamed band member's serious illness forced the band to cancel its appearance with the rest of its European tour.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Angelo_Bruschini" title="Angelo Bruschini">Angelo Bruschini</a>, who played guitar on <i>Mezzanine</i> and <i>100th Window</i> while touring with the band since 1995, died of lung cancer on 23 October 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>The group played their first show in five years on 5 June 2024 in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gothenburg" title="Gothenburg">Gothenburg</a>, Sweden, joined by guests <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Elizabeth_Fraser" title="Elizabeth Fraser">Elizabeth Fraser</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Horace_Andy" title="Horace Andy">Horace Andy</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Young_Fathers" title="Young Fathers">Young Fathers</a>, who all toured with the band during their European shows that summer.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Musical_style">Musical style</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Massive_Attack&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Musical style"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<p>Some of their most noted songs have been without choruses and have featured dramatically atmospheric dynamics, conveyed through either distorted guitar crescendos, lavish orchestral arrangements or prominent, looped/shifting basslines, underpinned by high and exacting production values, involving sometimes copious digital editing and mixing.<sup id="cite_ref-timedigital_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-timedigital-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The pace of their music has often been slower than prevalent British <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Electronic_dance_music" title="Electronic dance music">dance music</a> of the time. These and other <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Psychedelic_music" title="Psychedelic music">psychedelic</a>, soundtrack-like and DJist sonic techniques, formed a much-emulated style journalists began to dub "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trip_hop" title="Trip hop">trip hop</a>" from the mid-nineties onwards,<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though in an interview in 2006, Daddy G said, "We used to hate that terminology [trip-hop] so bad,' laughs. 'You know, as far we were concerned, Massive Attack music was unique, so to put it in a box was to pigeonhole it and to say, "Right, we know where you guys are coming from.""<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_projects">Other projects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Massive_Attack&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Other projects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="'Fire_Sale'_exhibition"><span id=".27Fire_Sale.27_exhibition"></span>'Fire Sale' exhibition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Massive_Attack&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: 'Fire Sale' exhibition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<p>A solo exhibition of Del Naja's art was held at the Lazarides gallery in central London, from 24 May to 22 June 2013. The show's content spanned a period of over twenty years and featured many of the art pieces that Del Naja created for Massive Attack. Each piece, reinterpreted especially for the exhibition, was hand-printed and finished. The show also featured three one-off 'digital infinity mirrors', two of which contained phrases supplied by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Reprieve_(organisation)" title="Reprieve (organisation)">Reprieve</a> that were extracted from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Unmanned_aerial_vehicle" title="Unmanned aerial vehicle">drone</a> pilot dialogues. Del Naja performed a DJ set during the opening night on 23 May 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Massive_Attack_and_Adam_Curtis">Massive Attack and Adam Curtis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Massive_Attack&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Massive Attack and Adam Curtis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<p>Del Naja conceived and designed an eight-night festival with filmmaker <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Adam_Curtis" title="Adam Curtis">Adam Curtis</a>—in collaboration with UVA (<a href="/enwiki/wiki/United_Visual_Artists" title="United Visual Artists">United Visual Artists</a>)—that premiered in Manchester, UK in July 2013. The festival featured Curtis's film, unofficially titled <i>The Plan,</i> which was projected on a huge screen surrounding the audience, while music from Massive Attack was interweaved throughout the film.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Del Naja, who orchestrated the film's soundtrack, described the experience as a "collective hallucination" and the film was also shown at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Manchester_International_Festival" title="Manchester International Festival">Manchester International Festival</a> in July 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Music created by Del Naja for the festival became the score for a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> production entitled <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/HyperNormalisation" title="HyperNormalisation">HyperNormalisation</a></i> in 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>In 2019, Del Naja and Adam Curtis teamed up for a second time on a live show based on the band's Mezzanine album.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The show challenged the idea of nostalgia and power, and featured machine learning GANS and deep fakes from <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mario_Klingemann" title="Mario Klingemann">Mario Klingemann</a>, as well as new films from Curtis that were used to tell a narrative story. They were used as visuals for cover versions of non Massive Attack songs based on samples and loops that made up the album's identity.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mezzanine_DNA">Mezzanine DNA</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Massive_Attack&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Mezzanine DNA"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<p>In April 2019, it was reported that Massive Attack had encoded <i>Mezzanine</i> into DNA to mark the 20th anniversary of the seminal 1998 album.
The album has also been made available in the form of a matte black spray paint can. A limited number of spray cans will contain the DNA encoded audio within matte black paint and each can will contain approximately one million copies of the album.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Addressing the novel storage method, Del Naja – who is also known as a graffiti artist as ‘3D' – said: “It’s a creative way to store your back catalogue, although DNA-encoded spray paint is unlikely to be adopted by street artists seeking anonymity”.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Decarbonisation_project">Decarbonisation project</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Massive_Attack&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Decarbonisation project"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<p>On 28 November 2019, Robert Del Naja announced that Massive Attack partnered with a research centre based at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/University_of_Manchester" title="University of Manchester">University of Manchester</a> to explore the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_the_music_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental impact of the music industry">music industry's climate impact</a>. He wrote in a column in <i>The Guardian</i>: "the commissioning of the renowned <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tyndall_Centre_for_Climate_Change_Research" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research">Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research</a> to map the full carbon footprint of typical tour cycles, and to look specifically at the three key areas where <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions" title="Greenhouse gas emissions">CO2 emissions</a> in our sector are generated." This will include information about band travel and production, audience transport and venue. "The resulting roadmap to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Decarbonisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Decarbonisation">decarbonisation</a> will be shared with other touring acts, promoters and festival/venue owners to assist swift and significant emissions reductions."<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (See 'Environmentalism' below)
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Activism_and_politics">Activism and politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Massive_Attack&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Activism and politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anti-war_advocacy">Anti-war advocacy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Massive_Attack&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Anti-war advocacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<p>Robert Del Naja was critical of the policies of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Premiership_of_Tony_Blair" title="Premiership of Tony Blair">UK government under Tony Blair</a>. He was strongly opposed to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2003_invasion_of_Iraq" title="2003 invasion of Iraq">2003 war against Iraq</a>, and with fellow musician <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Damon_Albarn" title="Damon Albarn">Damon Albarn</a> personally paid for full-page advertisements against the war in the <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/NME" title="NME">NME</a></i> magazine.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Massive Attack have worked with <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Campaign_for_Nuclear_Disarmament" title="Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament">Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stop_the_War_Coalition" title="Stop the War Coalition">Stop the War Coalition</a>, while also having helped fund a legal challenge to military intervention in international courts.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Human_rights">Human rights</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Massive_Attack&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Human rights"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<p>In 2008, Massive Attack curated the annual <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Meltdown_(festival)" title="Meltdown (festival)">Meltdown festival</a> on London's <a href="/enwiki/wiki/South_Bank" title="South Bank">South Bank</a>. During the two weeks of live performance, cinema and art, they worked with human rights lawyer <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Clive_Stafford_Smith" title="Clive Stafford Smith">Clive Stafford Smith</a> and his organisation <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Reprieve_(organisation)" title="Reprieve (organisation)">Reprieve</a> which uses the law to enforce the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">human rights</a> of prisoners.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>In 2010, the video shot by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Adam_Broomberg_and_Oliver_Chanarin" title="Adam Broomberg and Oliver Chanarin">Adam Broomberg and Oliver Chanarin</a> for the song "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Saturday_Come_Slow" class="mw-redirect" title="Saturday Come Slow">Saturday Come Slow</a>", featuring Albarn, drew attention to the use of music in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Torture" title="Torture">torture</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Massive Attack donated all proceeds from their 2010 EP <i>Atlas Air</i> to <a href="/enwiki/wiki/War_Child_(charity)" title="War Child (charity)">War Child</a>, a charity the band previously supported when they contributed to <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Help_Album" title="The Help Album">The Help Album</a>.</i><sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="British_politics">British politics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Massive_Attack&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: British politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<p>In 2007, Del Naja, musicians Albarn and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brian_Eno" title="Brian Eno">Brian Eno</a>, and United Visual Artists contributed to a <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Greenpeace" title="Greenpeace">Greenpeace</a> demonstration against the renewal of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Trident_nuclear_programme" class="mw-redirect" title="Trident nuclear programme">Trident nuclear programme</a> that was held on board the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/MV_Arctic_Sunrise" title="MV Arctic Sunrise">Arctic Sunrise</a> on the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/River_Thames" title="River Thames">River Thames</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>On 14 November 2012, on the eve of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2012_Bristol_mayoral_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2012 Bristol mayoral election">Bristol Mayor election</a>, the band caused some surprise by endorsing independent millionaire and former <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Liberal_Democrats_(UK)" title="Liberal Democrats (UK)">Liberal Democrat</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/George_Ferguson_(politician)" title="George Ferguson (politician)">George Ferguson</a>, citing the need for a mayor who would help facilitate creative projects to the city, and wasn't simply following a party political agenda.<sup id="cite_ref-24-7_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24-7-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Previously, Del Naja had openly criticised Ferguson for being a member of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Society_of_Merchant_Venturers" title="Society of Merchant Venturers">Society of Merchant Venturers</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-post01_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-post01-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an organisation dating back to the 16th century which had many connections with the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bristol_slave_trade" title="Bristol slave trade">Bristol slave trade</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Nash_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nash-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Del Naja endorsed Ferguson again in the 2016 election.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>
</p><p>In September 2018, Massive Attack criticised the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mayor_of_Bristol" title="Mayor of Bristol">Mayor of Bristol</a> for cancelling the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bristol_Arena" title="Bristol Arena">Bristol Arena project</a> in the Temple Meads area of Bristol. The Mayor had announced a private sector company, YTL would build a privately funded arena in Filton, a northern suburb of Bristol and the band announced they would not play there. Despite this, when a pop up arena was temporarily erected on the Filton site, Massive Attack played two gigs in March 2019.
</p><p>In November 2019, along with other public figures, Massive Attack signed a letter supporting <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour Party</a> leader <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Jeremy_Corbyn" title="Jeremy Corbyn">Jeremy Corbyn</a> describing him as "a beacon of hope in the struggle against emergent far-right nationalism, xenophobia and racism in much of the democratic world" and endorsed him in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2019_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2019 United Kingdom general election">2019 UK general election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nme_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nme-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>In June 2024, Massive Attack endorsed <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Carla_Denyer" title="Carla Denyer">Carla Denyer</a>, the co-leader of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Green_Party_of_England_and_Wales" title="Green Party of England and Wales">the Green Party</a>, as MP for <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bristol_Central" class="mw-redirect" title="Bristol Central">Bristol Central</a>. They said "General Election 2024 is an opportunity for #Bristol to consolidate its green reputation by electing an MP who is resolutely focused on #ClimateAction and unambiguous on the matter of genocide in #Gaza. @carla_denyer is that candidate."<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_politics">International politics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Massive_Attack&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: International politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<p>Del Naja and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Thom_Yorke" title="Thom Yorke">Thom Yorke</a> of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Radiohead" title="Radiohead">Radiohead</a> threw an unofficial party at the occupied <a href="/enwiki/wiki/UBS" title="UBS">UBS</a> building in the city of London in December 2011, in support for the international <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Occupy_movement" title="Occupy movement">Occupy movement</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>During a concert in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a> in 2014, Massive Attack named those who died in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gezi_Park_protests" title="Gezi Park protests">anti-government protests</a> at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gezi_Park" title="Gezi Park">Gezi Park</a> on the outdoor screen at their back with the following sentences: "Their killers are still out there" and "We won't forget <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Soma_mine_disaster" title="Soma mine disaster">Soma</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>In June 2024, Massive Attack canceled a concert at the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Black_Sea_Arena" title="Black Sea Arena">Black Sea Arena</a> in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a>, originally scheduled for 28 July, in response to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Government_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Government of Georgia (country)">Georgian government</a>'s repression of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2023%E2%80%932024_Georgian_protests" title="2023–2024 Georgian protests">nationwide civil protests</a> against law proposals that could have restricted <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Freedom_of_press" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of press">freedom of press</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Georgia_(country)" title="LGBT rights in Georgia (country)">LGBT rights</a> in the country; in an official statement, the band explained their decision by writing quote, "At this moment, performing at the state-owned Black Sea Arena could be seen as an endorsement of their violent crackdown against peaceful protests and civil society".<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Israeli-Palestinian_conflict">Israeli-Palestinian conflict</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Massive_Attack&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Israeli-Palestinian conflict"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<p>In late July 2014, Del Naja and Marshall visited the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bourj_el-Barajneh" title="Bourj el-Barajneh">Bourj El-Barajneh</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Refugee_camp" title="Refugee camp">refugee camp</a> in Lebanon to meet with Palestinian volunteers at an educational centre. The band's profit from the show in Byblos was donated to the centre.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2017, Massive Attack performed three shows in support of Hoping, an organisation that helps raise money and supports projects for Palestinian youth in refugee camps in the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a> and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>
</p><p>Massive Attack have previously played three shows in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>, but tried to refrain from doing so since the early 2000's "as a form of non-violent pressure on Israel to end its brutal <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Occupation_of_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Occupation of Palestine">occupation of Palestine</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They have described their decision as "not an action of aggression towards the Israeli people", but "towards the [Israeli] <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Israeli_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli government">government</a> and its policies", arguing that "the Palestinians [in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza</a> and the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a>] have no access to the same fundamental benefits that the Israelis do."<sup id="cite_ref-NS_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NS-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In May 2020, Massive Attack co-signed an open letter urging Israel to end the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Blockade_of_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Blockade of the Gaza Strip">blockade of the Gaza Strip</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>In May 2024, the group publicly expressed their support to the music acts who had decided to boycott <a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Great_Escape_Festival" title="The Great Escape Festival">The Great Escape Festival</a> in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brighton_and_Hove" title="Brighton and Hove">Brighton and Hove</a>, in protest against the event's sponsor <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Barclays" title="Barclays">Barclays</a> and its investments in companies supplying arms that were reportedly used by Israeli military forces in their <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Israeli_invasion_of_the_Gaza_Strip_(2023%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip (2023–present)">invasion of the Gaza Strip</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Environmentalism">Environmentalism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Massive_Attack&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Environmentalism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<p>In 2010, Massive Attack donated the income from a Lincoln car commercial to the clean up campaign after the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Deepwater_Horizon_oil_spill" title="Deepwater Horizon oil spill">Deepwater Horizon oil spill</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Since October 2018, Massive Attack have also been supporting the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Climate_activist" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate activist">climate activists</a> of the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Extinction_Rebellion" title="Extinction Rebellion">Extinction Rebellion</a> group, also known as XR, which conducted protests in London in October 2018 then April 2019. On 21 April, Massive Attack played a DJ set for the Extinction Rebellion protesters<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the heart of London in Marble Arch.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July and October 2019, the group protested in 60 other cities worldwide,<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Robert Del Naja providing a portable radio network using speakers in backpacks with receivers and transmitters for the campaigners in London.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>In 2021 the band published a report they had commissioned from the Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research. The report examined the impact of live music on the environment and gave a set of recommendations for meeting the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Paris_agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Paris agreement">Paris agreement</a> targets. Del Naja criticised the UK government for not doing more to meet the targets.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Massive Attack became the first band globally to commit their touring companies to the UN “Race to Zero” – Paris 1.5 compatible emissions reductions schedule.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>The band will played a hometown Bristol show named "Act 1.5" on 24 August 2024 with the goal of being a "large-scale climate action accelerator", blazing a "trail for new standards of decarbonisation of live music." There were 25 different measures to minimize carbon, including giving extra benefits to local attendees and those traveling by train, powering the venue by renewable energy only, serving only plant-based foods and minimising waste through compostable plates and cutlery.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other">Other</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Massive_Attack&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Other"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<p>In 2005, Del Naja organised and performed at a charity concert in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Bristol" title="Bristol">Bristol</a> for <a href="/enwiki/wiki/2004_Indian_Ocean_earthquake_and_tsunami" title="2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami">Tsunami</a> Relief with Adrian Utley and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Geoff_Barrow" title="Geoff Barrow">Geoff Barrow</a> of <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Portishead_(band)" title="Portishead (band)">Portishead</a>. The two-night event featured Massive Attack, Portishead, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Robert_Plant" title="Robert Plant">Robert Plant</a>, <a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Coral" title="The Coral">the Coral</a> and Albarn.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>
</p><p>In March 2018, following the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Facebook%E2%80%93Cambridge_Analytica_data_scandal" title="Facebook–Cambridge Analytica data scandal">Facebook–Cambridge Analytica data scandal</a>, Massive Attack suspended their Facebook page, stating: "In light of Facebook’s continued disregard for your privacy, their lack of transparency and disregard for accountability – Massive Attack will be temporarily withdrawing."<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Band_members">Band members</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Massive_Attack&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Band members"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div>
<table class="col-begin" role="presentation">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="col-break col-break-2">
<p><b>Current members</b>
</p>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Robert_Del_Naja" title="Robert Del Naja">Robert "3D" Del Naja</a> – vocals, keyboards, guitars, programmer, arranger, producer, mixer (1988–present)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Daddy_G" title="Daddy G">Grant "Daddy G" Marshall</a> – vocals, keyboards, guitars, programmer, producer (1988–2001, 2005–present)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tricky_(musician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tricky (musician)">Adrian "Tricky" Thaws</a> – vocals, keyboards, bass, producer (1988–1995, 2016–present)</li></ul>
<p><b>Former members</b>
</p>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Andrew_Vowles" title="Andrew Vowles">Andrew "Mushroom" Vowles</a> – keyboards, drums, turntables, arranger, producer, mixer, programmer (1988–1999)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Neil_Davidge" title="Neil Davidge">Neil Davidge</a> – bass, guitars, drums, keyboards, piano, occasional backing vocals (1998–2012)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Horace_Andy" title="Horace Andy">Horace Andy</a> – vocals (1990–2011; touring member 2011–present)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shara_Nelson" title="Shara Nelson">Shara Nelson</a> – vocals (1990–1994)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tracey_Thorn" title="Tracey Thorn">Tracey Thorn</a> – vocals, guitars (1994–1996)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stephanie_Dosen" title="Stephanie Dosen">Stephanie Dosen</a> – vocals, guitars (2008–2010)</li></ul>
<p><b>Touring members</b>
</p>
<ul><li>Deborah Miller – vocals, percussion (1990–present)</li>
<li>Winston Blissett – bass guitar (1995–present)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Elizabeth_Fraser" title="Elizabeth Fraser">Elizabeth Fraser</a> – vocals (1998–present)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Damon_Reece" title="Damon Reece">Damon Reece</a> – drums (2006–present)</li>
<li>Julien Brown – electronic drums (2009–present)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Horace_Andy" title="Horace Andy">Horace Andy</a> – vocals (2011–present; official member 1990–2011)</li>
<li>Euan Dickinson – keyboards, synthesizers, samples (2016–present)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Alex_Lee_(musician)" title="Alex Lee (musician)">Alex Lee</a> – guitars (2019–present)</li></ul>
<p><b>Former touring members</b>
</p>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Angelo_Bruschini" title="Angelo Bruschini">Angelo Bruschini</a> – guitars (1995–2023; his death)</li>
<li>Andrew Smalls – drums, electronic drums (1995–2008)</li>
<li>Kwame Boaten – bass (1996–1999)</li>
<li>Michael Timothy – keyboards, synthesizers, samples (1998)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Dot_Allison" title="Dot Allison">Dot Allison</a> – vocals, guitar (2003)</li>
<li>Arden Hart – keyboards (2003, 2006)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Lucy_Wilkins" title="Lucy Wilkins">Lucy Wilkins</a> – violin, keyboards (2003)</li>
<li>Hazel Fernandez – vocals (2004)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Yola_(singer)" title="Yola (singer)">Yolanda Quartey</a> – vocals (2004)</li>
<li>John Baggott - keyboards, synthesizers, samples (2008–2010)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Azekel" title="Azekel">Azekel</a> – vocals (2016)</li></ul>
<p> 
</p>
</td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Timeline">Timeline</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Massive_Attack&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Timeline"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<div class="timeline-wrapper"><map name="timeline_j7mic9keh8mdm6j29ra0ml985pduiwe"></map><img usemap="#timeline_j7mic9keh8mdm6j29ra0ml985pduiwe" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/timeline/j7mic9keh8mdm6j29ra0ml985pduiwe.png" /></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Discography">Discography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Massive_Attack&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Discography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Massive_Attack_discography" title="Massive Attack discography">Massive Attack discography</a></div>
<ul><li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Blue_Lines" title="Blue Lines">Blue Lines</a></i> (1991)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Protection_(Massive_Attack_album)" title="Protection (Massive Attack album)">Protection</a></i> (1994)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mezzanine_(album)" title="Mezzanine (album)">Mezzanine</a></i> (1998)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/100th_Window" title="100th Window">100th Window</a></i> (2003)</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Heligoland_(album)" title="Heligoland (album)">Heligoland</a></i> (2010)</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_nominations">Awards and nominations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Massive_Attack&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Awards and nominations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Billboard_Music_Awards">Billboard Music Awards</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Massive_Attack&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Billboard Music Awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<p>The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Billboard_Music_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Billboard Music Award"><i>Billboard</i> Music Awards</a> honor artists for commercial performance in the U.S., based on record charts published by <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)" title="Billboard (magazine)">Billboard</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The awards are based on sales data by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nielsen_SoundScan" class="mw-redirect" title="Nielsen SoundScan">Nielsen SoundScan</a> and radio information by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Nielsen_Broadcast_Data_Systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Nielsen Broadcast Data Systems">Nielsen Broadcast Data Systems</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The award ceremony was held from 1990 to 2007, until its reintroduction in 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<table class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="table-layout: fixed; margin-right: 0;">
<caption>
</caption>
<tbody><tr>
<th scope="col">Year
</th>
<th scope="col">Nominee / work
</th>
<th scope="col">Award
</th>
<th scope="col">Result
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2">2003
</td>
<td>Massive Attack
</td>
<td>Top Electronic Artist
</td>
<td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/100th_Window" title="100th Window">100th Window</a></i>
</td>
<td>Top Electronic Album
</td>
<td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="D&AD_Awards"><span id="D.26AD_Awards"></span>D&AD Awards</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Massive_Attack&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: D&AD Awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<p><a href="/enwiki/wiki/D%26AD" class="mw-redirect" title="D&AD">Design and Art Direction</a> (<i>D&AD</i>) is a British educational <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Charitable_organization" title="Charitable organization">charity</a> which exists to promote excellence in <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Design" title="Design">design</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Advertising" title="Advertising">advertising</a>.
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<caption>
</caption>
<tbody><tr>
<th scope="col">Year
</th>
<th scope="col">Nominee / work
</th>
<th scope="col">Award
</th>
<th scope="col">Result
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="3">1999
</td>
<td rowspan="2">"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Teardrop_(song)" title="Teardrop (song)">Teardrop</a>"
</td>
<td>Direction
</td>
<td style="background: #FFD700; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Yellow Pencil
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Special Effects
</td>
<td style="background: #E2B740; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Wood Pencil
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><i>Massive Attack – Teaser</i>
</td>
<td>Music Packaging and Print Promotion/Promotional Poster
</td>
<td style="background: #FFD700; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Yellow Pencil
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2">2011
</td>
<td>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Splitting_the_Atom" title="Splitting the Atom">Splitting the Atom</a>"
</td>
<td>Music Video
</td>
<td style="background: #E2B740; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Wood Pencil
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>"Atlas Air"
</td>
<td>Animation
</td>
<td style="background: #C0C0C0; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Graphite Pencil
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Denmark_GAFFA_Awards">Denmark GAFFA Awards</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Massive_Attack&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Denmark GAFFA Awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<p>Delivered since 1991. The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gaffa_(magazine)#GAFFA_Awards" title="Gaffa (magazine)"><i>GAFFA</i> Awards</a> (Danish: GAFFA Prisen) are a Danish award that rewards popular music awarded by the magazine of the same name.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
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<table class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="table-layout: fixed; margin-right: 0;">
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</caption>
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<th scope="col">Year
</th>
<th scope="col">Nominee / work
</th>
<th scope="col">Award
</th>
<th scope="col">Result
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2">1999
</td>
<td><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mezzanine_(album)" title="Mezzanine (album)">Mezzanine</a></i>
</td>
<td>Best Foreign Album
</td>
<td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Teardrop_(song)" title="Teardrop (song)">Teardrop</a>"
</td>
<td>Best Foreign Music Video
</td>
<td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Edison_Awards">Edison Awards</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Massive_Attack&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Edison Awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<p>The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Edison_Award" title="Edison Award">Edison Award</a> is an annual Dutch music prize, awarded for outstanding achievements in the music industry. It is one of the oldest music awards in the world, having been presented since 1960.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<table class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="table-layout: fixed; margin-right: 0;">
<caption>
</caption>
<tbody><tr>
<th scope="col">Year
</th>
<th scope="col">Nominee / work
</th>
<th scope="col">Award
</th>
<th scope="col">Result
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td>1992
</td>
<td rowspan="2">Themselves
</td>
<td>Best International Dance/Hip-Hop
</td>
<td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>1999
</td>
<td>Best International Group
</td>
<td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fryderyk">Fryderyk</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Massive_Attack&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Fryderyk"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<p>The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fryderyk" title="Fryderyk">Fryderyk</a> is an annual award ceremony in Poland, presented by the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Polish_Society_of_the_Phonographic_Industry" title="Polish Society of the Phonographic Industry">Związek Producentów Audio Video</a>, the IFPI Poland, since 1994.
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</caption>
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<th scope="col">Year
</th>
<th scope="col">Nominee / work
</th>
<th scope="col">Award
</th>
<th scope="col">Result
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td>1998
</td>
<td><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mezzanine_(album)" title="Mezzanine (album)">Mezzanine</a></i>
</td>
<td>Best Foreign Album
</td>
<td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hungarian_Music_Awards">Hungarian Music Awards</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Massive_Attack&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Hungarian Music Awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<p><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Hungarian_Music_Awards" title="Hungarian Music Awards">Hungarian Music Awards</a> is the national music awards of Hungary, held every year since 1992 and promoted by Mahasz.
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<table class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="table-layout: fixed; margin-right: 0;">
<caption>
</caption>
<tbody><tr>
<th scope="col">Year
</th>
<th scope="col">Nominee / work
</th>
<th scope="col">Award
</th>
<th scope="col">Result
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td>1999
</td>
<td><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mezzanine_(album)" title="Mezzanine (album)">Mezzanine</a></i>
</td>
<td>New Trend Album of the Year
</td>
<td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>2011
</td>
<td><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Heligoland_(album)" title="Heligoland (album)">Heligoland</a></i>
</td>
<td>Alternative Music Album of the Year
</td>
<td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_Dance_Music_Awards">International Dance Music Awards</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Massive_Attack&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: International Dance Music Awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<p>The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/International_Dance_Music_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="International Dance Music Award">International Dance Music Award</a> was established in 1985. It is a part of the Winter Music Conference, a weeklong electronic music event held annually.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
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<table class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="table-layout: fixed; margin-right: 0;">
<caption>
</caption>
<tbody><tr>
<th scope="col">Year
</th>
<th scope="col">Nominee / work
</th>
<th scope="col">Award
</th>
<th scope="col">Result
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td>2011
</td>
<td>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Four_Walls_/_Paradise_Circus" title="Four Walls / Paradise Circus">Paradise Circus</a>"
</td>
<td>Best Underground Dance Track
</td>
<td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ivor_Novello_Awards">Ivor Novello Awards</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Massive_Attack&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Ivor Novello Awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<p>The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ivor_Novello_Awards" title="Ivor Novello Awards">Ivor Novello Awards</a> are awarded for <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Songwriting" class="mw-redirect" title="Songwriting">songwriting</a> and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Musical_composition" title="Musical composition">composing</a>. The awards, named after the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff">Cardiff</a> born entertainer <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ivor_Novello" title="Ivor Novello">Ivor Novello</a>, are presented annually in London by the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/British_Academy_of_Songwriters,_Composers_and_Authors" class="mw-redirect" title="British Academy of Songwriters, Composers and Authors">British Academy of Songwriters, Composers and Authors</a> (BASCA).<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<caption>
</caption>
<tbody><tr>
<th scope="col">Year
</th>
<th scope="col">Nominee / work
</th>
<th scope="col">Award
</th>
<th scope="col">Result
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td>2009
</td>
<td>Themselves
</td>
<td>Outstanding Contribution to British Music
</td>
<td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="MTV_Europe_Music_Awards">MTV Europe Music Awards</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Massive_Attack&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: MTV Europe Music Awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<p>The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/MTV_Europe_Music_Awards" title="MTV Europe Music Awards">MTV Europe Music Awards</a> were established in 1994 by MTV Europe to celebrate the most popular music videos in Europe. Massive Attack has received two awards from three nominations.
</p>
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<table class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="table-layout: fixed; margin-right: 0;">
<caption>
</caption>
<tbody><tr>
<th scope="col">Year
</th>
<th scope="col">Nominee / work
</th>
<th scope="col">Award
</th>
<th scope="col">Result
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1995_MTV_Europe_Music_Awards" title="1995 MTV Europe Music Awards">1995</a></td>
<td>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Protection_(Massive_Attack_song)" title="Protection (Massive Attack song)">Protection</a>"</td>
<td>Best Video</td>
<td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1998_MTV_Europe_Music_Awards" title="1998 MTV Europe Music Awards">1998</a></td>
<td>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Teardrop_(song)" title="Teardrop (song)">Teardrop</a>"</td>
<td>Best Video</td>
<td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mezzanine_(album)" title="Mezzanine (album)">Mezzanine</a></i></td>
<td>Best Album</td>
<td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="NME_Awards">NME Awards</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Massive_Attack&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: NME Awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<p>The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/NME_Awards" title="NME Awards"><i>NME</i> Awards</a> are annual music awards show founded by the music magazine <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/NME" title="NME">NME</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1222442308">
</p>
<table class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="table-layout: fixed; margin-right: 0;">
<caption>
</caption>
<tbody><tr>
<th scope="col">Year
</th>
<th scope="col">Nominee / work
</th>
<th scope="col">Award
</th>
<th scope="col">Result
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="3">1999<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</td>
<td>Themselves
</td>
<td>Best Group
</td>
<td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mezzanine_(album)" title="Mezzanine (album)">Mezzanine</a></i>
</td>
<td>Best Album
</td>
<td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Teardrop_(song)" title="Teardrop (song)">Teardrop</a>"
</td>
<td>Best Single
</td>
<td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>2000<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</td>
<td>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Unfinished_Sympathy" title="Unfinished Sympathy">Unfinished Sympathy</a>"
</td>
<td>Best Ever Single
</td>
<td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Q_Awards">Q Awards</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Massive_Attack&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Q Awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<p>The <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Q_Awards" title="Q Awards">Q Awards</a> is the UK's annual music awards held by music magazine <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Q_(magazine)" title="Q (magazine)">Q</a></i> for excellence in music. Massive Attack has received two awards from two nominations.
</p>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1222442308">
<table class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="table-layout: fixed; margin-right: 0;">
<caption>
</caption>
<tbody><tr>
<th scope="col">Year
</th>
<th scope="col">Nominee / work
</th>
<th scope="col">Award
</th>
<th scope="col">Result
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="1">1998</td>
<td><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mezzanine_(album)" title="Mezzanine (album)">Mezzanine</a></i></td>
<td>Best Album<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td>
<td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="1"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Q_Awards#2008" title="Q Awards">2008</a></td>
<td>Massive Attack</td>
<td>Innovation in Sound Award</td>
<td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brit_Awards">Brit Awards</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Massive_Attack&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Brit Awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<p><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Brit_Awards" class="mw-redirect" title="The Brit Awards">The Brit Awards</a> are the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/British_Phonographic_Industry" title="British Phonographic Industry">British Phonographic Industry</a>'s annual pop music awards.
</p>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1222442308">
<table class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="table-layout: fixed; margin-right: 0;">
<caption>
</caption>
<tbody><tr>
<th scope="col">Year
</th>
<th scope="col">Nominee / work
</th>
<th scope="col">Award
</th>
<th scope="col">Result
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1996_BRIT_Awards" class="mw-redirect" title="1996 BRIT Awards">1996</a></td>
<td>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Protection_(Massive_Attack_song)" title="Protection (Massive Attack song)">Protection</a>"</td>
<td>Best British Video</td>
<td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Massive Attack</td>
<td>Best British Dance Act</td>
<td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="5"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/1999_BRIT_Awards" class="mw-redirect" title="1999 BRIT Awards">1999</a></td>
<td><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mezzanine_(album)" title="Mezzanine (album)">Mezzanine</a></i></td>
<td>MasterCard British Album</td>
<td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2">"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Teardrop_(song)" title="Teardrop (song)">Teardrop</a>"</td>
<td>Best British Single</td>
<td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Best British Video</td>
<td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2">Massive Attack</td>
<td>Best British Group</td>
<td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Best British Dance Act</td>
<td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="UK_Music_Video_Awards">UK Music Video Awards</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Massive_Attack&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: UK Music Video Awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<p>The <b>UK Music Video Awards</b> is an annual celebration of creativity, technical excellence and <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Innovation" title="Innovation">innovation</a> in music video and moving image for music.
</p>
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<caption>
</caption>
<tbody><tr>
<th scope="col">Year
</th>
<th scope="col">Nominee / work
</th>
<th scope="col">Award
</th>
<th scope="col">Result
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="3">2010</td>
<td>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Four_Walls_/_Paradise_Circus" title="Four Walls / Paradise Circus">Paradise Circus</a>"</td>
<td rowspan="2">Best Dance Video</td>
<td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2">"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Splitting_the_Atom" title="Splitting the Atom">Splitting the Atom</a>"</td>
<td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Best Animation in a Video</td>
<td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2">2011</td>
<td rowspan="2">"Atlas Air"</td>
<td>Best Animation in a Video</td>
<td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Best Visual Effects in a Video</td>
<td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Viva_Comet_Awards">Viva Comet Awards</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Massive_Attack&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Viva Comet Awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<p><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet_(Musikpreis)" class="extiw" title="de:Comet (Musikpreis)">VIVA Comet Awards</a> were an annual awards ceremony, organised by <a href="/enwiki/wiki/VIVA_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="VIVA Germany">VIVA Germany</a>.
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1222442308">
</p>
<table class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="table-layout: fixed; margin-right: 0;">
<caption>
</caption>
<tbody><tr>
<th scope="col">Year
</th>
<th scope="col">Nominee / work
</th>
<th scope="col">Award
</th>
<th scope="col">Result
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td>1995
</td>
<td>Massive Attack
</td>
<td>Best Avantgarde Act
</td>
<td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Žebřík_Music_Awards"><span id=".C5.BDeb.C5.99.C3.ADk_Music_Awards"></span>Žebřík Music Awards</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Massive_Attack&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Žebřík Music Awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1222442308">
<table class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="table-layout: fixed; margin-right: 0;">
<caption>
</caption>
<tbody><tr>
<th scope="col">Year
</th>
<th scope="col">Nominee / work
</th>
<th scope="col">Award
</th>
<th scope="col">Result
</th>
<th>Ref.
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td>1998
</td>
<td>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Teardrop_(song)" title="Teardrop (song)">Teardrop</a>"
</td>
<td>Best International Video
</td>
<td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated
</td>
<td><sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>2006
</td>
<td><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Collected_(Massive_Attack_album)" title="Collected (Massive Attack album)">Collected</a></i>
</td>
<td>Best International Music DVD
</td>
<td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated
</td>
<td><sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Massive_Attack&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha">
<div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The group was temporarily known simply as "Massive" in 1991 (for the release of "<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Unfinished_Sympathy" title="Unfinished Sympathy">Unfinished Sympathy</a>" and some editions of <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Blue_Lines" title="Blue Lines">Blue Lines</a></i>) due to the <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>
</li>
</ol></div></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Massive_Attack&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<p>Chemam, Melissa, <i>Massive Attack: Out of the Comfort Zone</i>, Tangent Books (2019) <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/1910089729" title="Special:BookSources/1910089729">1910089729</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1910089729" title="Special:BookSources/978-1910089729">978-1910089729</a>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Massive_Attack&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist">
<div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/2804975.stm">"Cool Appeal of Massive Attack"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a> Entertainment</i>. 27 February 2003<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News+Entertainment&rft.atitle=Cool+Appeal+of+Massive+Attack&rft.date=2003-02-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fentertainment%2F2804975.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassive+Attack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-signs-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-signs_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/banksy-robert-del-naja-massive-attack-art-who-is-he-identity-real-name-graffiti-music-similarities-a7805741.html">https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/banksy-robert-del-naja-massive-attack-art-who-is-he-identity-real-name-graffiti-music-similarities-a7805741.html</a></span>
</li>
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<li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nme.com/artists/andrea-parker">"Andrea Parker"</a>. <i>NME</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2009</span>. <q>Will Malone, who had worked on horror film soundtracks and Massive Attack's classic "Unfinished Sympathy".</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NME&rft.atitle=Andrea+Parker&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nme.com%2Fartists%2Fandrea-parker&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassive+Attack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWells1999" class="citation news cs1">Wells, Matt (8 November 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/1999/nov/08/millennium.uk1">"How Robbie headed Amadeus in the race to be music's man of the millennium"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. London<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2009</span>. <q>Best song: 10. Unfinished Sympathy – Massive Attack.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=How+Robbie+headed+Amadeus+in+the+race+to+be+music%27s+man+of+the+millennium&rft.date=1999-11-08&rft.aulast=Wells&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F1999%2Fnov%2F08%2Fmillennium.uk1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassive+Attack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/radio2/soldonsong/whatson/unfinishedsympathy.shtml">"BBC – Radio 2 – Sold on Song – Brits25 – Unfinished Sympathy"</a>. BBC<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2009</span>. <q>Reaching number thirteen in the UK in 1991, Unfinished Sympathy was released under the group name Massive, due to the Gulf War of the same year</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BBC+%E2%80%93+Radio+2+%E2%80%93+Sold+on+Song+%E2%80%93+Brits25+%E2%80%93+Unfinished+Sympathy&rft.pub=BBC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fradio2%2Fsoldonsong%2Fwhatson%2Funfinishedsympathy.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassive+Attack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090605081654/http://www.newsfinder.org/site/more/massive_attack/">"Massive Attack presented in Music section"</a>. <i>Newsfinder.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newsfinder.org/site/more/massive_attack/">the original</a> on 5 June 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Newsfinder.org&rft.atitle=Massive+Attack+presented+in+Music+section&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsfinder.org%2Fsite%2Fmore%2Fmassive_attack%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassive+Attack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReynolds1995" class="citation news cs1">Reynolds, Simon (28 May 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1995/05/28/arts/pop-view-another-city-another-new-sound.html">"POP VIEW; Another City, Another New Sound"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=POP+VIEW%3B+Another+City%2C+Another+New+Sound&rft.date=1995-05-28&rft.aulast=Reynolds&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1995%2F05%2F28%2Farts%2Fpop-view-another-city-another-new-sound.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassive+Attack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSlinger" class="citation web cs1">Slinger, Benjamin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/radio1/maryannehobbs/bristol.shtml">"Bristol: Rise Up"</a>. BBC<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bristol%3A+Rise+Up&rft.pub=BBC&rft.aulast=Slinger&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fradio1%2Fmaryannehobbs%2Fbristol.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassive+Attack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030210154818/http://melankolic.astralwerks.com/">"This is melankolic records"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://melankolic.astralwerks.com/">the original</a> on 10 February 2003<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=This+is+melankolic+records&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmelankolic.astralwerks.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassive+Attack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-bbcinterview-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bbcinterview_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bbcinterview_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/collective/A963542">"BBC – collective – Massive Attack interview transcript part 3"</a>. BBC<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BBC+%E2%80%93+collective+%E2%80%93+Massive+Attack+interview+transcript+part+3&rft.pub=BBC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fdna%2Fcollective%2FA963542&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassive+Attack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHumberstone" class="citation magazine cs1">Humberstone, Nigel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.soundonsound.com/people/neil-davidge-recording-100th-window">"Neil Davidge: Recording 100th Window"</a>. <i>Sound on Sound</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sound+on+Sound&rft.atitle=Neil+Davidge%3A+Recording+100th+Window&rft.aulast=Humberstone&rft.aufirst=Nigel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.soundonsound.com%2Fpeople%2Fneil-davidge-recording-100th-window&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassive+Attack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110713030438/http://www.inflightdata.com/superpredators.html">"Massive Attack"</a>. <i>Inflightdata.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.inflightdata.com/superpredators.html">the original</a> on 13 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Inflightdata.com&rft.atitle=Massive+Attack&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.inflightdata.com%2Fsuperpredators.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassive+Attack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-allmusic-mezzanine-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-allmusic-mezzanine_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-allmusic-mezzanine_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBush" class="citation web cs1">Bush, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/album/r348738">"allmusic ((( Mezzanine > Overview )))"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AllMusic&rft.atitle=allmusic+%28%28%28+Mezzanine+%3E+Overview+%29%29%29&rft.aulast=Bush&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Falbum%2Fr348738&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassive+Attack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-dazeddigital.com-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dazeddigital.com_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dazeddigital.com/music/article/40387/1/massive-attack-mezzanine-20th-birthday-retrospective">"Massive Attack's Mezzanine and the death of the multicultural dream"</a>. <i>Dazeddigital.com</i>. 16 June 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dazeddigital.com&rft.atitle=Massive+Attack%27s+Mezzanine+and+the+death+of+the+multicultural+dream&rft.date=2018-06-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dazeddigital.com%2Fmusic%2Farticle%2F40387%2F1%2Fmassive-attack-mezzanine-20th-birthday-retrospective&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassive+Attack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.everyhit.com/awardq.html">"The Q Awards"</a>. <i>Everyhit.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Everyhit.com&rft.atitle=The+Q+Awards&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.everyhit.com%2Fawardq.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassive+Attack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNME1998" class="citation web cs1">NME (17 August 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nme.com/news/music/gomez-46-1385994">"MERCURY RISING: GOMEZ WIN '98 ALBUM PRIZE"</a>. <i>NME</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NME&rft.atitle=MERCURY+RISING%3A+GOMEZ+WIN+%2798+ALBUM+PRIZE&rft.date=1998-08-17&rft.au=NME&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nme.com%2Fnews%2Fmusic%2Fgomez-46-1385994&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassive+Attack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-sawyer-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sawyer_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSawyer2008" class="citation news cs1">Sawyer, Miranda (11 May 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/music/2008/may/11/urbanmusic.culture">"Massive Attack talk to Miranda Sawyer"</a>. <i>The Observer</i>. London<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 May</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Observer&rft.atitle=Massive+Attack+talk+to+Miranda+Sawyer&rft.date=2008-05-11&rft.aulast=Sawyer&rft.aufirst=Miranda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmusic%2F2008%2Fmay%2F11%2Furbanmusic.culture&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassive+Attack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJurek" class="citation web cs1">Jurek, Thom. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/album/r1215456">"allmusic ((( Collected/Rarities/Eleven Promos > Overview )))"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AllMusic&rft.atitle=allmusic+%28%28%28+Collected%2FRarities%2FEleven+Promos+%3E+Overview+%29%29%29&rft.aulast=Jurek&rft.aufirst=Thom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Falbum%2Fr1215456&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassive+Attack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-allmusic100thwindow-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-allmusic100thwindow_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-allmusic100thwindow_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBush" class="citation web cs1">Bush, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/album/r620022">"allmusic ((( 100th Window > Overview )))"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AllMusic&rft.atitle=allmusic+%28%28%28+100th+Window+%3E+Overview+%29%29%29&rft.aulast=Bush&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Falbum%2Fr620022&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassive+Attack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metacritic.com/music/artists/massiveattack/100thwindow?q=massive%20attack">"100th Window"</a>. <i>Metacritic.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Metacritic.com&rft.atitle=100th+Window&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.metacritic.com%2Fmusic%2Fartists%2Fmassiveattack%2F100thwindow%3Fq%3Dmassive%2520attack&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassive+Attack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2003/feb/27/arts.childprotection">"Police question musician over child porn"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. London. 27 February 2003<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Police+question+musician+over+child+porn&rft.date=2003-02-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fuk%2F2003%2Ffeb%2F27%2Farts.childprotection&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassive+Attack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarnesMarshall2003" class="citation web cs1">Barnes, Anthony; Marshall, Nina (23 March 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smh.com.au/articles/2003/03/22/1047749989803.html">"Police clear Massive Attack star in child porn inquiry"</a>. <i>The Sydney Morning Herald</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=Police+clear+Massive+Attack+star+in+child+porn+inquiry&rft.date=2003-03-23&rft.aulast=Barnes&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft.au=Marshall%2C+Nina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Farticles%2F2003%2F03%2F22%2F1047749989803.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassive+Attack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/bristol/content/goingout/2003/08/26/massive_review.shtml">"BBC – Going Out in Bristol – Massive Attack wow home crowd"</a>. BBC<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 May</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BBC+%E2%80%93+Going+Out+in+Bristol+%E2%80%93+Massive+Attack+wow+home+crowd&rft.pub=BBC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fbristol%2Fcontent%2Fgoingout%2F2003%2F08%2F26%2Fmassive_review.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassive+Attack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGibson2008" class="citation news cs1">Gibson, Owen (15 February 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/music/2008/feb/15/news.uk">"Meltdown launches Massive Attack as festival curators"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. London<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Meltdown+launches+Massive+Attack+as+festival+curators&rft.date=2008-02-15&rft.aulast=Gibson&rft.aufirst=Owen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmusic%2F2008%2Ffeb%2F15%2Fnews.uk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassive+Attack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gigwise.com/news/49591/kraftwerk-massive-attack-to-headline-bestival">"Kraftwork, Massive Attack to Headline Bestival"</a>. <i>Gigwise</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gigwise&rft.atitle=Kraftwork%2C+Massive+Attack+to+Headline+Bestival&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gigwise.com%2Fnews%2F49591%2Fkraftwerk-massive-attack-to-headline-bestival&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassive+Attack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/268565/massive-attack-to-return-with-huge-world-tour">"Massive Attack to Return with Huge World Tour"</a>. <i>Billboard</i>. 21 May 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 May</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=Massive+Attack+to+Return+with+Huge+World+Tour&rft.date=2009-05-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.billboard.com%2Farticles%2Fnews%2F268565%2Fmassive-attack-to-return-with-huge-world-tour&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassive+Attack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.musicweek.com/story.asp?sectioncode=1&storycode=1037855&c=1">"Blue Lines producer dies"</a>. <i>Music Week</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 June</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Music+Week&rft.atitle=Blue+Lines+producer+dies&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.musicweek.com%2Fstory.asp%3Fsectioncode%3D1%26storycode%3D1037855%26c%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassive+Attack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://suicidegirls.com/interviews/Massive+Attack%3A+Heligoland+/">"Interview w/ Massive Attack's Robert Del Naja re. Heligoland"</a>. <i>Suicidegirls.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Suicidegirls.com&rft.atitle=Interview+w%2F+Massive+Attack%27s+Robert+Del+Naja+re.+Heligoland&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsuicidegirls.com%2Finterviews%2FMassive%2BAttack%253A%2BHeligoland%2B%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassive+Attack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBellinger2011" class="citation web cs1">Bellinger, Candy (30 May 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110728100944/http://www.spinnermusic.co.uk/2010/10/14/massive-attack-north-american-tour/">"Celebrity Gossip, latest Celebrity News and Showbiz Gossip | Eleven UK"</a>. <i>Spinnermusic.co.uk</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spinnermusic.co.uk/2010/10/14/massive-attack-north-american-tour/">the original</a> on 28 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Spinnermusic.co.uk&rft.atitle=Celebrity+Gossip%2C+latest+Celebrity+News+and+Showbiz+Gossip+%26%23124%3B+Eleven+UK&rft.date=2011-05-30&rft.aulast=Bellinger&rft.aufirst=Candy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spinnermusic.co.uk%2F2010%2F10%2F14%2Fmassive-attack-north-american-tour%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassive+Attack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-metrotreunion-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-metrotreunion_49-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-metrotreunion_49-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://metro.co.uk/2013/05/23/massive-attacks-robert-del-naja-confirms-tricky-reunion-ahead-of-art-show-3804789">"Massive Attack's Robert Del Naja confirms Tricky reunion ahead of art show"</a>. Metro. 23 May 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Massive+Attack%27s+Robert+Del+Naja+confirms+Tricky+reunion+ahead+of+art+show&rft.pub=Metro&rft.date=2013-05-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmetro.co.uk%2F2013%2F05%2F23%2Fmassive-attacks-robert-del-naja-confirms-tricky-reunion-ahead-of-art-show-3804789&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassive+Attack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140901183322/http://www.newsoficeland.com/entertainment/music/item/319-massive-attack-will-perform-at-secret-solstice-in-iceland-next-summer">"Massive Attack will perform at Secret Solstice in Iceland next summer"</a>. News of Iceland. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newsoficeland.com/entertainment/music/item/319-massive-attack-will-perform-at-secret-solstice-in-iceland-next-summer">the original</a> on 1 September 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Massive+Attack+will+perform+at+Secret+Solstice+in+Iceland+next+summer&rft.pub=News+of+Iceland&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsoficeland.com%2Fentertainment%2Fmusic%2Fitem%2F319-massive-attack-will-perform-at-secret-solstice-in-iceland-next-summer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassive+Attack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.facebook.com/massiveattack/photos/a.163928704256.143181.19159654256/10153121358429257/?type=1&theater">"Massive Attack announce collaboration with Run the Jewels"</a>. Massive Attack<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Massive+Attack+announce+collaboration+with+Run+the+Jewels&rft.pub=Massive+Attack&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Fmassiveattack%2Fphotos%2Fa.163928704256.143181.19159654256%2F10153121358429257%2F%3Ftype%3D1%26theater&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassive+Attack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeters" class="citation magazine cs1">Peters, Mitchell. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/the-juice/6480213/run-the-jewels-in-the-studio-with-massive-attack">"Run the Jewels In the Studio With Massive Attack"</a>. <i>Billboard</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=Run+the+Jewels+In+the+Studio+With+Massive+Attack&rft.aulast=Peters&rft.aufirst=Mitchell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.billboard.com%2Farticles%2Fcolumns%2Fthe-juice%2F6480213%2Frun-the-jewels-in-the-studio-with-massive-attack&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassive+Attack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBritton2015" class="citation news cs1">Britton, Luke Morgan (21 February 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nme.com/news/music/run-the-jewels-58-1222041">"Run The Jewels working in studio with Massive Attack"</a>. <i>NME</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NME&rft.atitle=Run+The+Jewels+working+in+studio+with+Massive+Attack&rft.date=2015-02-21&rft.aulast=Britton&rft.aufirst=Luke+Morgan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nme.com%2Fnews%2Fmusic%2Frun-the-jewels-58-1222041&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassive+Attack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-consquenceofsound_2016-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-consquenceofsound_2016_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYoung,_Alex2016" class="citation web cs1">Young, Alex (28 January 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://consequence.net/2016/01/stream-massive-attacks-new-ep-ritual-spirit/">"Stream: Massive Attack's new EP Ritual Spirit"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Consequence_of_Sound" class="mw-redirect" title="Consequence of Sound">Consequence of Sound</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Consequence+of+Sound&rft.atitle=Stream%3A+Massive+Attack%27s+new+EP+Ritual+Spirit&rft.date=2016-01-28&rft.au=Young%2C+Alex&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fconsequence.net%2F2016%2F01%2Fstream-massive-attacks-new-ep-ritual-spirit%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassive+Attack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMonroe2016" class="citation web cs1">Monroe, Jazz (26 July 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pitchfork.com/news/67078-massive-attack-share-two-new-songs-via-app-listen/">"Massive Attack Release New Songs "Come Near Me," "The Spoils," and "Dear Friend"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pitchfork_(website)" title="Pitchfork (website)">Pitchfork</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pitchfork&rft.atitle=Massive+Attack+Release+New+Songs+%22Come+Near+Me%2C%22+%22The+Spoils%2C%22+and+%22Dear+Friend%22&rft.date=2016-07-26&rft.aulast=Monroe&rft.aufirst=Jazz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpitchfork.com%2Fnews%2F67078-massive-attack-share-two-new-songs-via-app-listen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassive+Attack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pitchfork.com/news/67161-watch-massive-attack-and-ghostpoets-new-video-come-near-me/">"Massive Attack Release 'Come Near Me' New Video, Plus Hope Sandoval Collaboration"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Pitchfork_(website)" title="Pitchfork (website)">Pitchfork</a></i>. 29 July 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pitchfork&rft.atitle=Massive+Attack+Release+%27Come+Near+Me%27+New+Video%2C+Plus+Hope+Sandoval+Collaboration&rft.date=2016-07-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpitchfork.com%2Fnews%2F67161-watch-massive-attack-and-ghostpoets-new-video-come-near-me%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassive+Attack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nme.com/news/music/massive-attack-tease-new-eutopia-ep-with-mysterious-instagram-posts-2704269">"Massive Attack debut stunning audio-visual EP 'Eutopia'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Nme.com</i>. 10 July 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nme.com&rft.atitle=Massive+Attack+debut+stunning+audio-visual+EP+%27Eutopia%27&rft.date=2020-07-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nme.com%2Fnews%2Fmusic%2Fmassive-attack-tease-new-eutopia-ep-with-mysterious-instagram-posts-2704269&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassive+Attack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.factmag.com/2018/10/30/massive-attack-announce-mezzanine-tour/">"Massive Attack announce Mezzanine XX1 2019 Tour"</a>. <i>Factmag.com</i>. 30 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Factmag.com&rft.atitle=Massive+Attack+announce+Mezzanine+XX1+2019+Tour&rft.date=2018-10-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.factmag.com%2F2018%2F10%2F30%2Fmassive-attack-announce-mezzanine-tour%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassive+Attack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thefader.com/2019/09/25/massive-attack-robert-del-naja-mezzanine-interview">"A rare interview with Massive Attack's Robert Del Naja on creating the most subversive live show of 2019"</a>. <i>The FADER</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+FADER&rft.atitle=A+rare+interview+with+Massive+Attack%27s+Robert+Del+Naja+on+creating+the+most+subversive+live+show+of+2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thefader.com%2F2019%2F09%2F25%2Fmassive-attack-robert-del-naja-mezzanine-interview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassive+Attack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://consequence.net/2018/10/massive-attack-dna-spray-paint-can/">"Massive Attack releasing DNA-encoded Mezzanine in spray paint can"</a>. 19 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Massive+Attack+releasing+DNA-encoded+Mezzanine+in+spray+paint+can&rft.date=2018-10-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fconsequence.net%2F2018%2F10%2Fmassive-attack-dna-spray-paint-can%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassive+Attack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121224060143/http://www.reprieve.org.uk/blog/2010_03_18massive_attack_speaks_out_music_torture/">"Reprieve—Massive Attack speak out against music torture"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.reprieve.org.uk/blog/2010_03_18massive_attack_speaks_out_music_torture/">the original</a> on 24 December 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 September</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Reprieve%E2%80%94Massive+Attack+speak+out+against+music+torture&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.reprieve.org.uk%2Fblog%2F2010_03_18massive_attack_speaks_out_music_torture%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassive+Attack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-nme-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nme_89-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeale2019" class="citation news cs1">Neale, Matthew (16 November 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nme.com/news/music/new-letter-supporting-jeremy-corbyn-2568734">"Exclusive: New letter supporting Jeremy Corbyn signed by Roger Waters, Robert Del Naja and more"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/NME" title="NME">NME</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NME&rft.atitle=Exclusive%3A+New+letter+supporting+Jeremy+Corbyn+signed+by+Roger+Waters%2C+Robert+Del+Naja+and+more&rft.date=2019-11-16&rft.aulast=Neale&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nme.com%2Fnews%2Fmusic%2Fnew-letter-supporting-jeremy-corbyn-2568734&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassive+Attack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gercekgundem.com/kultur-sanat/49167/massive-attackten-soma-ve-gezi-mesaji">"Massive Attack'ten Soma ve Gezi mesajı"</a>. <i>Gerçek Gündem</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ger%C3%A7ek+G%C3%BCndem&rft.atitle=Massive+Attack%27ten+Soma+ve+Gezi+mesaj%C4%B1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gercekgundem.com%2Fkultur-sanat%2F49167%2Fmassive-attackten-soma-ve-gezi-mesaji&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassive+Attack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoffey2024" class="citation news cs1">Boffey, Daniel (12 June 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/music/article/2024/jun/12/massive-attack-pull-out-of-gig-in-georgia-in-solidarity-with-protesters">"Massive Attack pull out of gig in Georgia in solidarity with protesters"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Massive+Attack+pull+out+of+gig+in+Georgia+in+solidarity+with+protesters&rft.date=2024-06-12&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Boffey&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmusic%2Farticle%2F2024%2Fjun%2F12%2Fmassive-attack-pull-out-of-gig-in-georgia-in-solidarity-with-protesters&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassive+Attack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/massive-attack-visit-palestinian-refugees-in-lebanon-all-of-them-have-a-right-to-a-life-of-dignity-and-beauty-9635645.html">"Massive Attack visit Palestinian refugees in Lebanon: 'All of them have a right to a life of dignity and beauty' – People — News"</a></span>. <i>The Independent</i>. 29 July 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220512/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/massive-attack-visit-palestinian-refugees-in-lebanon-all-of-them-have-a-right-to-a-life-of-dignity-and-beauty-9635645.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Massive+Attack+visit+Palestinian+refugees+in+Lebanon%3A+%27All+of+them+have+a+right+to+a+life+of+dignity+and+beauty%27+%E2%80%93+People+%E2%80%94+News&rft.date=2014-07-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fpeople%2Fmassive-attack-visit-palestinian-refugees-in-lebanon-all-of-them-have-a-right-to-a-life-of-dignity-and-beauty-9635645.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassive+Attack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuran2024" class="citation news cs1">Duran, Anagricel (12 January 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nme.com/news/music/massive-attack-speak-out-on-their-boycott-of-gigs-in-israel-since-1999-3570102">"Massive Attack speak out on their boycott of gigs in Israel since 1999"</a>. <i>NME</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NME&rft.atitle=Massive+Attack+speak+out+on+their+boycott+of+gigs+in+Israel+since+1999&rft.date=2024-01-12&rft.aulast=Duran&rft.aufirst=Anagricel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nme.com%2Fnews%2Fmusic%2Fmassive-attack-speak-out-on-their-boycott-of-gigs-in-israel-since-1999-3570102&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassive+Attack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-NS-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NS_97-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParry2010" class="citation news cs1">Parry, William (3 September 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newstatesman.com/music/2010/09/israel-interview-boycott-naja">"The silent treatment"</a>. <i>New Statesman</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Statesman&rft.atitle=The+silent+treatment&rft.date=2010-09-03&rft.aulast=Parry&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newstatesman.com%2Fmusic%2F2010%2F09%2Fisrael-interview-boycott-naja&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassive+Attack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/5/16/hundreds-of-artists-urge-israel-to-end-gaza-blockade">"Hundreds of artists urge Israel to end Gaza blockade"</a>. <i>Al Jazeera</i>. 16 May 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Hundreds+of+artists+urge+Israel+to+end+Gaza+blockade&rft.date=2020-05-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2020%2F5%2F16%2Fhundreds-of-artists-urge-israel-to-end-gaza-blockade&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassive+Attack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-:1-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_99-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSkinner2024" class="citation web cs1">Skinner, Tom (14 May 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nme.com/news/music/over-100-acts-have-now-dropped-out-of-the-great-escape-2024-in-gaza-boycott-with-support-from-massive-attack-3756090">"Over 100 acts have now dropped out of The Great Escape 2024 in Gaza boycott, with support from Massive Attack"</a>. <i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/NME" title="NME">NME</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NME&rft.atitle=Over+100+acts+have+now+dropped+out+of+The+Great+Escape+2024+in+Gaza+boycott%2C+with+support+from+Massive+Attack&rft.date=2024-05-14&rft.aulast=Skinner&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nme.com%2Fnews%2Fmusic%2Fover-100-acts-have-now-dropped-out-of-the-great-escape-2024-in-gaza-boycott-with-support-from-massive-attack-3756090&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassive+Attack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130801101433/http://saveourgulf.org/updates/massive-attack-donate-proceeds-lincoln-car-commercial-clean-ef">"Massive Attack Donate Proceeds of Lincoln Car Commercial To Clean-Up Efforts in the Gulf of Mexico"</a>. Save Our Gulf. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://saveourgulf.org/updates/massive-attack-donate-proceeds-lincoln-car-commercial-clean-ef">the original</a> on 1 August 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 September</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Massive+Attack+Donate+Proceeds+of+Lincoln+Car+Commercial+To+Clean-Up+Efforts+in+the+Gulf+of+Mexico&rft.pub=Save+Our+Gulf&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsaveourgulf.org%2Fupdates%2Fmassive-attack-donate-proceeds-lincoln-car-commercial-clean-ef&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassive+Attack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211030/DS0bntN2FCM">"Massive Attack - Marble Arch - Extinction Rebellion"</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>. 21 April 2019. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DS0bntN2FCM">the original</a> on 30 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Massive+Attack+-+Marble+Arch+-+Extinction+Rebellion&rft.pub=YouTube&rft.date=2019-04-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DDS0bntN2FCM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassive+Attack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mixmag.net/read/massive-attack-extinction-rebellion-protest-news">"Massive Attack played a DJ set for the Extinction Rebellion protest in London"</a>. <i>Mixmag</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mixmag&rft.atitle=Massive+Attack+played+a+DJ+set+for+the+Extinction+Rebellion+protest+in+London&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmixmag.net%2Fread%2Fmassive-attack-extinction-rebellion-protest-news&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassive+Attack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.publicpressure.org/60-cities-extinction-rebellion-movement-goes-global/">"60 cities: Extinction Rebellion movement goes global"</a>. <i>Public Pressure</i>. 10 October 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Public+Pressure&rft.atitle=60+cities%3A+Extinction+Rebellion+movement+goes+global&rft.date=2019-10-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.publicpressure.org%2F60-cities-extinction-rebellion-movement-goes-global%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassive+Attack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211030/7BG4zLu0yJQ">"Massive Attack Visited XR Sites | Extinction Rebellion"</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>. 14 October 2019. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7BG4zLu0yJQ">the original</a> on 30 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Massive+Attack+Visited+XR+Sites+%26%23124%3B+Extinction+Rebellion&rft.pub=YouTube&rft.date=2019-10-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D7BG4zLu0yJQ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassive+Attack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVinter2021" class="citation web cs1">Vinter, Robyn (5 September 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/sep/06/massive-attack-call-for-government-plan-to-cut-live-musics-carbon-emissions">"Massive Attack call for government plan to cut live music's carbon emissions"</a>. <i>www.theguardian.com</i>. Guardian News and Media<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.theguardian.com&rft.atitle=Massive+Attack+call+for+government+plan+to+cut+live+music%27s+carbon+emissions&rft.date=2021-09-05&rft.aulast=Vinter&rft.aufirst=Robyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fenvironment%2F2021%2Fsep%2F06%2Fmassive-attack-call-for-government-plan-to-cut-live-musics-carbon-emissions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassive+Attack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMonroe2021" class="citation web cs1">Monroe, Jazz (6 September 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pitchfork.com/news/massive-attack-unveil-plan-to-reduce-carbon-emissions-across-music-industry/">"Massive Attack Unveil Plan to Reduce Carbon Emissions Across Music Industry"</a>. <i>Pitchfork</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pitchfork&rft.atitle=Massive+Attack+Unveil+Plan+to+Reduce+Carbon+Emissions+Across+Music+Industry&rft.date=2021-09-06&rft.aulast=Monroe&rft.aufirst=Jazz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpitchfork.com%2Fnews%2Fmassive-attack-unveil-plan-to-reduce-carbon-emissions-across-music-industry%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassive+Attack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20240717-the-band-that-doesnt-want-you-to-travel-for-their-tour">"The band that doesn't want you to drive to their concerts"</a>. <i>www.bbc.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bbc.com&rft.atitle=The+band+that+doesn%27t+want+you+to+drive+to+their+concerts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Ftravel%2Farticle%2F20240717-the-band-that-doesnt-want-you-to-travel-for-their-tour&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassive+Attack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mixmag.net/read/massive-attack-act-1-5-decarbonisation-show-bristol-clifton-downs-climate-action-news">"Massive Attack's upcoming ACT 1.5 decarbonisation show "may be their last" in Bristol"</a>. <i>Mixmag</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mixmag&rft.atitle=Massive+Attack%27s+upcoming+ACT+1.5+decarbonisation+show+%22may+be+their+last%22+in+Bristol&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmixmag.net%2Fread%2Fmassive-attack-act-1-5-decarbonisation-show-bristol-clifton-downs-climate-action-news&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassive+Attack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nme.com/news/music/massive-attack-leave-facebook-following-cambridge-analytica-scandal-2270845">"Massive Attack leave Facebook following Cambridge Analytica scandal"</a>. <i>Nme.com</i>. 21 March 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nme.com&rft.atitle=Massive+Attack+leave+Facebook+following+Cambridge+Analytica+scandal&rft.date=2018-03-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nme.com%2Fnews%2Fmusic%2Fmassive-attack-leave-facebook-following-cambridge-analytica-scandal-2270845&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassive+Attack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150512143325/http://www.billboardmusicawards.com/about/">"About | Billboard Music Awards"</a>. <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Billboard_Music_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Billboard Music Award">Billboard Music Award</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.billboardmusicawards.com/about/">the original</a> on 12 May 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+%7C+Billboard+Music+Awards&rft.pub=Billboard+Music+Award&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.billboardmusicawards.com%2Fabout%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassive+Attack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/60427/50-cent-green-day-reap-major-billboard-music-awards">"50 Cent, Green Day Reap Major Billboard Music Awards"</a>. <i>Billboard</i>. 7 December 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304105552/http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/60427/50-cent-green-day-reap-major-billboard-music-awards">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=50+Cent%2C+Green+Day+Reap+Major+Billboard+Music+Awards&rft.date=2005-12-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.billboard.com%2Farticles%2Fnews%2F60427%2F50-cent-green-day-reap-major-billboard-music-awards&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassive+Attack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrein2015" class="citation web cs1">Grein, Paul (13 May 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yahoo.com/music/billboard-music-awards-predictions-sure-c1431468392160/photo-top-billboard-200-album-photo-1431468208131.html">"Billboard Music Awards Predictions: Sure Things and Oddities"</a>. Yahoo!. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150630184810/https://www.yahoo.com/music/billboard-music-awards-predictions-sure-c1431468392160/photo-top-billboard-200-album-photo-1431468208131.html">Archived</a> from the original on 30 June 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Billboard+Music+Awards+Predictions%3A+Sure+Things+and+Oddities&rft.pub=Yahoo%21&rft.date=2015-05-13&rft.aulast=Grein&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yahoo.com%2Fmusic%2Fbillboard-music-awards-predictions-sure-c1431468392160%2Fphoto-top-billboard-200-album-photo-1431468208131.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassive+Attack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120322005055/https://gaffa.dk/nyhed/8752">"GAFFA-prisen 1991-2006 – se vinderne"</a>. <i>Gaffa.dk</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gaffa.dk/nyhed/8752">the original</a> on 22 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gaffa.dk&rft.atitle=GAFFA-prisen+1991-2006+%E2%80%93+se+vinderne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgaffa.dk%2Fnyhed%2F8752&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassive+Attack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.edisons.nl/pop/edities/">"Edities – Edison Pop"</a> [Editions - Edison Pop] (in Dutch). <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Edison_Award" title="Edison Award">Edison Award</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180915213754/http://www.edisons.nl/pop/edities/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Edities+%E2%80%93+Edison+Pop&rft.pub=Edison+Award&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.edisons.nl%2Fpop%2Fedities%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassive+Attack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ivorsacademy.com/awards/the-ivors/archive/">"Archive | The Ivors | The Ivors Academy | Champions of Music Creators"</a>. <i>The Ivors Academy</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Ivors+Academy&rft.atitle=Archive+%26%23124%3B+The+Ivors+%26%23124%3B+The+Ivors+Academy+%26%23124%3B+Champions+of+Music+Creators&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fivorsacademy.com%2Fawards%2Fthe-ivors%2Farchive%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassive+Attack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLipshutz2015" class="citation magazine cs1">Lipshutz, Jason (22 August 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop-shop/6479853/5-seconds-of-summer-nme-worst-band-award">"5 Seconds of Summer Celebrates Winning 'Worst Band' Award"</a>. <i>Billboard</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150623073429/http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop-shop/6479853/5-seconds-of-summer-nme-worst-band-award">Archived</a> from the original on 23 June 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.atitle=5+Seconds+of+Summer+Celebrates+Winning+%27Worst+Band%27+Award&rft.date=2015-08-22&rft.aulast=Lipshutz&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.billboard.com%2Farticles%2Fcolumns%2Fpop-shop%2F6479853%2F5-seconds-of-summer-nme-worst-band-award&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassive+Attack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rocklistmusic.co.uk/1999.html">"Rocklist.net...NME End Of Year Lists 1999..."</a> <i>Rocklistmusic.co.uk</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rocklistmusic.co.uk&rft.atitle=Rocklist.net...NME+End+Of+Year+Lists+1999...&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rocklistmusic.co.uk%2F1999.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassive+Attack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rocklistmusic.co.uk/2000.html">"Rocklist.net...NME End Of Year Lists 2000..."</a> <i>Rocklistmusic.co.uk</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rocklistmusic.co.uk&rft.atitle=Rocklist.net...NME+End+Of+Year+Lists+2000...&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rocklistmusic.co.uk%2F2000.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassive+Attack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.everyhit.com/awardq.html">"The Q Awards 1990–2004 Results"</a>. <i>Everyhit.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Everyhit.com&rft.atitle=The+Q+Awards+1990%E2%80%932004+Results&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.everyhit.com%2Fawardq.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassive+Attack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.anketazebrik.cz/historie/2010-2004/">"2010-2004 – Anketa Žebřík"</a>. <i>Anketazebrik.cz</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Anketazebrik.cz&rft.atitle=2010-2004+%E2%80%93+Anketa+%C5%BDeb%C5%99%C3%ADk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.anketazebrik.cz%2Fhistorie%2F2010-2004%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMassive+Attack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Massive_Attack&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
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<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Massive_Attack" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Massive Attack">Massive Attack</a></span>.</div></div>
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<ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.massiveattack.co.uk">Official website</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q357418#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.discogs.com/artist/4480">Massive Attack</a> discography at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/Discogs" title="Discogs">Discogs</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q357418#P1953" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1039315/">Massive Attack</a> at <a href="/enwiki/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.co.uk/Massive-Attack-Out-Comfort-Zone/dp/1910089729">'Massive Attack: Out of the Comfort Zone'</a></li></ul>
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.navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1245558758">@media screen{.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-solo .navbox-title{background-color:#f0e68c}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-non-vocal .navbox-title{background-color:#f4bf92}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-non-perform .navbox-title{background-color:#bfe0bf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-group .navbox-title{background-color:#b0c4de}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-cover .navbox-title{background-color:#d8bfd8}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-classical .navbox-title{background-color:#b0e0e6}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-temp .navbox-title{background-color:#d3d3d3}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)}html.skin-theme-clienpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist .navbox-title{background-color:inherit}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clienpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist .navbox-title{background-color:inherit}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox navbox-musical-artist navbox-musical-artist-group" aria-labelledby="Massive_Attack" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks vcard hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Massive_Attack" title="Template:Massive Attack"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Massive_Attack" title="Template talk:Massive Attack"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Massive_Attack" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Massive Attack"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Massive_Attack" class="fn org" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Massive Attack</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>
<ul><li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Robert_Del_Naja" title="Robert Del Naja">Robert "3D" Del Naja</a></b></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tricky_(musician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tricky (musician)">Adrian "Tricky" Thaws</a></b></li>
<li><b><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Daddy_G" title="Daddy G">Grant "Daddy G" Marshall</a></b></li></ul>
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Andrew_Vowles" title="Andrew Vowles">Andrew "Mushroom" Vowles</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Shara_Nelson" title="Shara Nelson">Shara Nelson</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Tracey_Thorn" title="Tracey Thorn">Tracey Thorn</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Neil_Davidge" title="Neil Davidge">Neil Davidge</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Horace_Andy" title="Horace Andy">Horace Andy</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Stephanie_Dosen" title="Stephanie Dosen">Stephanie Dosen</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Studio albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Blue_Lines" title="Blue Lines">Blue Lines</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Protection_(Massive_Attack_album)" title="Protection (Massive Attack album)">Protection</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Mezzanine_(album)" title="Mezzanine (album)">Mezzanine</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/100th_Window" title="100th Window">100th Window</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Heligoland_(album)" title="Heligoland (album)">Heligoland</a></i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Remix albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/No_Protection_(Massive_Attack_album)" title="No Protection (Massive Attack album)">No Protection</a></i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Compilation albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Singles_90/98" title="Singles 90/98">Singles 90/98</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Collected_(Massive_Attack_album)" title="Collected (Massive Attack album)">Collected</a></i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Extended plays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Splitting_the_Atom" title="Splitting the Atom">Splitting the Atom</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Ritual_Spirit" title="Ritual Spirit">Ritual Spirit</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Eutopia_(EP)" title="Eutopia (EP)">Eutopia</a></i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Singles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Daydreaming_(Massive_Attack_song)" title="Daydreaming (Massive Attack song)">Daydreaming</a>"</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Unfinished_Sympathy" title="Unfinished Sympathy">Unfinished Sympathy</a>"</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Safe_from_Harm_(song)" title="Safe from Harm (song)">Safe from Harm</a>"</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sly_(Massive_Attack_song)" title="Sly (Massive Attack song)">Sly</a>"</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Protection_(Massive_Attack_song)" title="Protection (Massive Attack song)">Protection</a>"</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Karmacoma" title="Karmacoma">Karmacoma</a>"</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Risingson" title="Risingson">Risingson</a>"</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Teardrop_(song)" title="Teardrop (song)">Teardrop</a>"</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Angel_(Massive_Attack_song)" title="Angel (Massive Attack song)">Angel</a>"</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Inertia_Creeps" title="Inertia Creeps">Inertia Creeps</a>"</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special_Cases" title="Special Cases">Special Cases</a>"</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Butterfly_Caught" title="Butterfly Caught">Butterfly Caught</a>"</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Live_with_Me_(Massive_Attack_song)" title="Live with Me (Massive Attack song)">Live with Me</a>"</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/Four_Walls_/_Paradise_Circus" title="Four Walls / Paradise Circus">Four Walls</a>"</li>
<li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Spoils_(song)" title="The Spoils (song)">The Spoils</a>"</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li>"<a href="/enwiki/wiki/I_Want_You_(Marvin_Gaye_song)" title="I Want You (Marvin Gaye song)">I Want You</a>"</li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Danny_the_Dog" class="mw-redirect" title="Danny the Dog">Danny the Dog</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="/enwiki/wiki/DJ-Kicks:_Daddy_G" title="DJ-Kicks: Daddy G">DJ-Kicks: Daddy G</a></i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Massive_Attack_discography" title="Massive Attack discography">Discography</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Angelo_Bruschini" title="Angelo Bruschini">Angelo Bruschini</a></li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Wild_Bunch_(sound_system)" title="The Wild Bunch (sound system)">The Wild Bunch</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Brit_Award_for_British_Dance_Act" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template:Brit_Dance_Act" title="Template:Brit Dance Act"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Template_talk:Brit_Dance_Act" title="Template talk:Brit Dance Act"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Brit_Dance_Act" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Brit Dance Act"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Brit_Award_for_British_Dance_Act" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Brit_Award_for_British_Dance_Act" title="Brit Award for British Dance Act">Brit Award for British Dance Act</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/M_People" title="M People">M People</a> (1994)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/M_People" title="M People">M People</a> (1995)</li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Massive Attack</a> (1996)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Prodigy" title="The Prodigy">The Prodigy</a> (1997)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Prodigy" title="The Prodigy">The Prodigy</a> (1998)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fatboy_Slim" title="Fatboy Slim">Fatboy Slim</a> (1999)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/The_Chemical_Brothers" title="The Chemical Brothers">The Chemical Brothers</a> (2000)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Fatboy_Slim" title="Fatboy Slim">Fatboy Slim</a> (2001)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Basement_Jaxx" title="Basement Jaxx">Basement Jaxx</a> (2002)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Sugababes" title="Sugababes">Sugababes</a> (2003)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Basement_Jaxx" title="Basement Jaxx">Basement Jaxx</a> (2004)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Becky_Hill" title="Becky Hill">Becky Hill</a> (2022)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Becky_Hill" title="Becky Hill">Becky Hill</a> (2023)</li>
<li><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Calvin_Harris" title="Calvin Harris">Calvin Harris</a> (2024)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q357418#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q357418#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/enwiki/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q357418#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="/upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, /upwiki/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000123699799">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/44150565720606252594">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/6066743-6">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n92003196">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13938904j">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13938904j">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Massive Attack (hudební skupina)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0014971&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/2038498">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007411938605171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/10adbe5e-a2c0-4bf3-8249-2b4cbf6e6ca8">MusicBrainz</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/081475098">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div>' |
Whether or not the change was made through a Tor exit node (tor_exit_node) | false |
Unix timestamp of change (timestamp) | '1726852692' |
