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'{{Short description|Herding caste of India}} {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}} {{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}} {{Infobox caste | region = [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[Rajasthan]], [[Gujarat]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[Bihar]], [[Uttarakhand]], [[Chhattisgarh]] | languages = [[Hindi]]-[[Urdu]], [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], [[Rajasthan]], [[Rajasthani languages|Rajasthani]], [[Bihari languages|Bihari]], [[Chhattisgarhi]], [[Uttarakhandi languages|Uttarakhandi]] | religions = [[Hinduism]] | country = [[India]] | classification = [[Other Backward Caste]] }} The '''Gadaria''' or '''Gadariya''' (also known as '''Gadri''',<ref name="Census1921">{{cite book |title=Census of India, 1921: Rajputana and Ajmer-Merwara, Part III Administrative Volume |date=1921 |page=Appendix L, pg xxi |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.48748/}}</ref> '''Gayri''',<ref name="Census1921" /> or '''Gaari'''<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last1=Mehta|first1=S. C.|last2=Vij|first2=P. K.|last3=Nivsarkar|first3=A. E.|last4=Sahai|first4=R.|date=1995|title=Sheep husbandry practices in Sonadi and Malpura breeding tract|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/264937469|journal=Indian Journal of Small Ruminants|volume=1|pages=1–7}}</ref>) is a [[herding]] [[Caste system in India|caste]] that was traditionally involved professionally in [[livestock breeding]], especially [[sheep]].<ref name="Sharma2003">{{Cite book|last1=Sharma|first1=V.P.|title=Pastoralism in India: A scoping study|last2=Köhler-Rollefson|first2=I|s2cid=67805358|publisher=Centre for Management in Agriculture, IIM (Indian Institute of Management)|year=2003|location=Ahmedabad}}</ref> They are primarily found in [[Uttar Pradesh]] and in some parts of [[Punjab]], [[Rajasthan]], [[Madhya Pradesh]] and [[Bihar]].{{sfnp|Shashi|2011|p=29-30}} In [[Gujarat]], they are called [[Bharwad]].<ref>{{cite news |first=Nistula |last=Hebbar |title=OBCs to play kingmaker in battle for Gujarat |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/gujarat-2017/obcs-could-be-kingmakers-in-gujarat/article21261025.ece |date= 4 December 2017|quote="Extrapolating on the 1931 Census, the OBCs, excluding Muslim OBCs, comprise 35.6% of the total population, with the Koli-Thakore block the largest, followed by artisan castes at 6.1%; Bharwad (Gadaria) at 2%; and other middle castes at 3.3%."}}</ref> ==Etymology== The word Gadaria is derived from the old [[Hindi]] word ''Gadar'', which means ''sheep''.<ref name="Ghurye">{{cite book|last1=Ghurye|first1=G.S.|title=Caste and race in India|date=2008|publisher=Popular Prakashan|location=Bombay|isbn=9788171542055|page=32|edition=5th|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nWkjsvf6_vsC&pg=PA32|access-date=7 August 2016}}</ref> ==History== In the early 1910s, an educated class of Gadarias formed All India Pal Kshatriya Mahasabha. There were debates within the community whether to add Kshatriya suffix to the community name. In the 1930s, they started referring to themselves as "Pali Rajput", a synonym of Pal Kshatriya.{{sfnp|Singh|2020|p=Caste organisations in the pre-Independence period/Sanskritization phase (Roughly the 1920s-1950s)}} They started caste magazines like "Pal Kshatriya Samachar" and "Shepherd Times". Later the community went through the process of [[De-Sanskritisation]] and dropped the suffix Kshatriya. Among the reasons cited for de-sanskritization were losing autonomy of their caste identity and avoiding being submerged into the identity of high castes.{{sfnp|Singh|2020|p=Phase II (1956 onwards): De-sanskritization towards an alternative culture}} ==Sub-castes and clans== There are two major subdivisions amongst Gadarias, namely [[Dhangar]] and Nikhar. They share the same [[gotra]]s such as Chauhan, Parihar, Sisodiya, Shirashwar, Chandel, Mohania, Kula etc are some of the gotras amongst them.{{sfnp|Shashi|2011|p=29}} == Classification == In [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Uttarakhand]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[Chhattisgarh]] and [[Delhi]] they are classified as [[Other Backward Class]] in the [[Reservation in India|Indian System of Reservation]].<ref name="MP OBC">{{cite report |author=Central Commission for Backward Classes |date= 20 October 2020|title=Central List of OBCs Madhya Pradesh|url= http://ncbc.nic.in/User_Panel/GazetteResolution.aspx?Value=mPICjsL1aLuPAiTDwaBMRTkcitPtwFoYM%2FvPkOo88fWK%2Fs%2FLWkaxMKHeos%2Fc%2FKys|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20201020030327/http://ncbc.nic.in/User_Panel/GazetteResolution.aspx?Value=mPICjsL1aLuPAiTDwaBMRTkcitPtwFoYM%2FvPkOo88fWK%2Fs%2FLWkaxMKHeos%2Fc%2FKys|archive-date= 20 October 2020}}</ref><ref name="Chhattisgarh OBC">{{cite report |author=Central Commission for Backward Classes |date= 20 October 2020|title=Central List of OBCs Chattisgarh|url= http://ncbc.nic.in/User_Panel/GazetteResolution.aspx?Value=mPICjsL1aLvU0s0yRV7aeb13aoM90cT9ioOuR4xIGRL%2FPpW8Y55aF3GqmP%2B6qk0h|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20201020030536/http://ncbc.nic.in/User_Panel/GazetteResolution.aspx?Value=mPICjsL1aLvU0s0yRV7aeb13aoM90cT9ioOuR4xIGRL%2FPpW8Y55aF3GqmP%2B6qk0h|archive-date= 20 October 2020}}</ref><ref name="UP OBC">{{cite report |author=Central Commission for Backward Classes |date= 20 October 2020|title=Central List of OBCs Uttar Pradesh|url= http://www.ncbc.nic.in/User_Panel/GazetteResolution.aspx?Value=mPICjsL1aLvxbegUDuc3MN4eB5E3Ecc1drRPAf1qXQ%2Bl0IqIfhjN1xHrf4i2h5g0|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20201020162131/http://www.ncbc.nic.in/User_Panel/GazetteResolution.aspx?Value=mPICjsL1aLvxbegUDuc3MN4eB5E3Ecc1drRPAf1qXQ%2Bl0IqIfhjN1xHrf4i2h5g0|archive-date= 20 October 2020}}</ref><ref name="UK OBC">{{cite report |author=Central Commission for Backward Classes |date= 20 October 2020|title=Central List of OBCs Uttarakhand|url= http://www.ncbc.nic.in/User_Panel/GazetteResolution.aspx?Value=mPICjsL1aLsuCb9GxzA3FUXPNZAkS8Kj%2BVqdHT8iuedaGzNgriEQksoNWttsla2n|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20201020162328/http://www.ncbc.nic.in/User_Panel/GazetteResolution.aspx?Value=mPICjsL1aLsuCb9GxzA3FUXPNZAkS8Kj%2BVqdHT8iuedaGzNgriEQksoNWttsla2n|archive-date= 20 October 2020}}</ref><ref name="Delhi OBC">{{cite report |author=Central Commission for Backward Classes |date= 20 October 2020|title=Central List of OBCs Delhi|url= http://ncbc.nic.in/User_Panel/GazetteResolution.aspx?Value=mPICjsL1aLvYWWarIfsJpAU09izbLPYElcezG29yU0iGiE06dFe%2F6LJkoytsMWec|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20201020030522/http://ncbc.nic.in/User_Panel/GazetteResolution.aspx?Value=mPICjsL1aLvYWWarIfsJpAU09izbLPYElcezG29yU0iGiE06dFe%2F6LJkoytsMWec|archive-date= 20 October 2020}}</ref> ==Religion== They generally practice [[Hinduism]], worshipping various popular deities including [[Rama]], [[Krishna]], [[Shiva]], [[Vishnu]], [[Hanuman]], [[Kali]], [[Chandi]] and [[Lakshmi]], as well as various [[Kuladevata]], or family deities. Some of them wear the [[sacred thread]]. A majority of them are [[vegetarian]]s.{{sfnp|Shashi|2011|p=32}} ==References== {{reflist}} ===Bibliography=== * {{cite book|last=Singh|first=Jagpal|author-link2=former Delhi University professor|year=2020|title=Caste, State and Society Degrees of Democracy in North India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vfn1DwAAQBAJ|publisher=Routledge India (Taylor & Francis Group)|isbn=9780429343063}} * {{cite book|author-link=Shyam Singh Shashi |first=Shyam Singh |last=Shashi |title=The Shepherds of India |url=http://ignca.gov.in/Asi_data/68789.pdf |year=2011 |publisher=Sundeep Prakashan, 1978 |asin=B003UD017Q}} {{DEFAULTSORT:People, Gadaria}} [[Category:Indian castes]] [[Category:Social groups of Uttar Pradesh]] [[Category:Social groups of Rajasthan]] [[Category:Social groups of Haryana]] [[Category:Pastoralists]] [[Category:Herding castes]] [[Category:Other Backward Classes of Madhya Pradesh]] [[Category:Other Backward Classes of Uttar Pradesh]] [[Category:Other Backward Classes of Maharashtra]] [[Category:Other Backward Classes of Bihar]] [[Category:Scheduled Castes of Haryana]]'