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'[[Image:Various Bottles of Slivovitz.jpg|thumb|250px|Various bottles of Slivovitz]] '''Slivovitz''' or '''Slivovitsa''' ({{IPA-en|ˈslɪvəvɪts}}; {{lang-bg|сливовица}} ''slivovitsa'', {{lang-sr|Шљивовица}} ''šljivovica'', {{lang-bs|šljìvovica}}, {{lang-hr|šljìvovica}}, {{lang-cz|slivovice}}, {{lang-de|Sliwowitz }}, {{lang-it|slivovitz}}, {{lang-pl|śliwowica}}, {{lang-ro|şliboviţă}}, {{lang-sk|slivovica}}, {{lang-sl|slivovka}}, {{lang-yi|שליבוביץ}}) is a Serbian [[distilled beverage]] made from [[Damson]] plums.<ref name="Grocer">{{cite encyclopedia |last=Ward |first=Artemas |authorlink=Artemas Ward (writer) |encyclopedia=[[The Grocer's Encyclopedia]] |title=Slivovitz |url=http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/coldfusion/display.cfm?ID=ency&PageNum=575 |accessdate=2008-05-30 |year=1911 |location=New York |pages=567 }}</ref> It is frequently called '''plum brandy''',<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Haraksimová |first=Erna |coauthors=Rita Mokrá and Dagmar Smrčinová |title=slivovica |encyclopedia=Anglicko-slovenský a slovensko-anglický slovník |date=2006 |publisher=Ottovo nakladatelství |location=[[Prague|Praha]] |isbn=80-7360-457-4 |pages=775 }}</ref><!--> If anyone else has a dictionary of some Slavic language that translates your word for slivovitz as "plum brandy", please add additional citations here.</!--> and in the [[Balkans]] is part of the category of drinks called '''[[rakia]]'''. ==Origin== The word Slivovitz derives from the [[Serbian]] ([[Slavic languages|Slavic]]) "šljiva" or Czech "slíva" – damson plum,<ref>http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/slivovitz</ref> whereas "-vice" {{IPA|/vɪtsɛ/}} (in Czech version of the name) or "-vica" {{IPA|/vɪtsa/}} (in Slovak, Croatian and Serbian) is a common [[postfix]] to add to the name of the brandy to distinguish what fruit was distilled (e.g. meruňka (apricot) → meruňkovice (apricot brandy), broskev (peach) → broskvovice (peach brandy), švestka/slíva (plum) → švestkovice/slivovice (plum brandy), …). The exact origins of Slivovitz are unknown but it is believed to have been first produced in the [[Balkans]],<ref>{{Cite book|last=Lennox |first=Doug |year=2003 |title=Now you know |isbn=9781550026481 |publisher=Dundurn |location=Toronto |oclc=52455722 |pages=[http://books.google.com/books?id=fQ7NosjSRQUC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_summary_r&cad=0#PPA102,M1 102] |chapter=Food & Drink}}</ref> [[Bosnia]], [[Croatia]],<ref>{{Cite book|title=The World and its peoples: Austria, Hungary, Czech Republic and Slovakia, Poland |year=1965 |publisher=Greystone Press |location=New York |oclc=399998 |id={{LCCN|65|0|20542}} |pages=[http://books.google.com/books?id=bbtBAAAAIAAJ&q=slivovitz+originated&dq=slivovitz+originated&pgis=1 33] |quote=Slivovitz is a brandy made from plums which originated in Croatia.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|first=Darwin |last=Porter |coauthors=Danforth Prince |year=2005 |title=Frommer's Vienna & the Danube Valley |isbn=0764597175 |publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons]] |location=[[Hoboken, New Jersey]] |oclc=60397040 60649498 |pages=230 |quote=Two of the most famous and favored liqueurs among Austrians are slivovitz (a plum brandy that originated in Croatia) and barack (made from apricots).}}</ref> [[Serbia]],<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Bruce |first=Dave |year=1980 |title=Dining Discoveries |journal=Home & Away in Kentucky |pages=14 |publisher=[[American Automobile Association]] |url=http://books.google.com/?id=kwRgAAAAIAAJ&q=slivovitz+serbian&dq=slivovitz+serbian |accessdate=2008-09-16 |quote=To get things started, have a round or two of ''Slivovitz'' (Serbian plum brandy)...}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Branigan |first=James Joseph |coauthors=Harold Reginald Jarrett |year=1975 |title=The Mediterranean Lands |isbn=0-7121-1367-3 |publisher=Macdonald & Evans |location=Michigan |oclc=60004517 |pages= |chapter=Serbia |quote=<!--NEED ACTUAL QUOTE-->}}{{Page needed|date=September 2010}}</ref> [[Moravia]],<ref>{{Cite book|author=Wilson, Neil |title=Prague |publisher=Lonely Planet |year=2005 |pages=[http://books.google.com/books?id=xSGrfmQCPLAC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_summary_r&cad=0#PPA16,M1 16] |isbn=1-74059-758-3 |oclc=58434605 |quote=The fiery and potent ''slivovice'' (plum brandy) is said to have originated in Moravia...}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Warren, Matt; Neal Bedford; Jane Rawson |title=Czech & Slovak republics |publisher=Lonely Planet |year=2004 |pages=[http://books.google.com/books?id=YPCMq-Wff5kC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_summary_r&cad=0#PPA65,M1 65] |isbn=1-74104-046-9 |oclc=56466554 |quote=Slivovice is a fiery, potent plum brandy said to have originated in Moravia...}}</ref> [[Czechoslovakia]],<ref name=arthey>{{Cite book|last=Arthey |first=David |coauthors=P. R. Ashurst |title=Fruit processing |publisher=Blackie Academic & Professional |location=London |year=1996 |pages=[http://books.google.com/books?id=TvatVJxVTykC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_summary_r&cad=0#PPA129,M1 129] |isbn=0-7514-0039-4 |oclc=34116886 |quote=Type: Slivovitz; Synonym: Plumb brandy; Country of origin: Serbia, Former Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Bulgaria}}</ref> [[Hungary]]<ref name=arthey/> or [[Bulgaria]].<ref name=arthey/> ==Production and consumption== Slivovitz is primarily produced in Slavic regions of Central and Eastern Europe, both commercially as well as by many households on an informal, homemade basis. Primary producers are in [[Serbia]], [[Czech Republic]], [[Slovakia]], [[Slovenia]], [[Croatia]], [[Bosnia]], [[Poland]], [[Hungary]], [[Bulgaria]], [[Romania]] and [[Triveneto|North-East Italy]].<ref>{{Cite book|first=William |last=Pokhlebkin |year=1992 |title=A history of vodka |isbn=0-86091-359-7 |publisher=[[Verso Books]] |location=London |oclc=28183139 |pages=[http://books.google.com/books?id=esHVFxS0F8YC&pg=PA206&sig=ACfU3U0jG_zR6Uy3VpmlNdLH94s15RHpgw 206] |chapter=Appendix 5: The Raw Materials and Production Techniques of Other Principal Spirits of the World}}</ref> It is most popularly consumed in those nations, as well as wherever communities of expatriate from these nations exist. Similar plum brandies are also produced in Switzerland, France, the United States, and Canada, but marketed under other names, such as brandy, ''Pflümli'', or [[eau de vie]]. ==Distilling process== In the manufacturing process, the plums and a liberal proportion of the ground [[seed|kernels]] are first crushed and pressed, then [[starch]] and [[sugar]] may be added to the juice, and the mixture is allowed to ferment. Distillation gives the crude product, and clarifying processes complete the liqueur, but aging is required to develop its finer qualities. Its flavor is due in part to the plum kernels, which contain a considerable percentage of [[amygdalin]], the characteristic component of bitter [[almond]]s.<ref name="Grocer" /> Some producers have obtained a [[Hechsher]] for their slivovitz, certifying that it is [[kosher]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rjelinek.cz/kosher-vyroba.php?LANG=en |title=Rudolf Jelínek: Kosher production |accessdate=2008-05-30 }}</ref> Imitation slivovitz is made by flavoring spirits with [[prune]] juice and artificial oil of bitter almonds.<ref name="Grocer" /> ==Producers== ===Bosnia=== * Prijedorčanka * Hepok {{-}} ===Bulgaria=== The birthplace of this drink is [[Troyan Monastery]], whose monks distilled have slivovitsa ever since the foundation of the monastery in 14th century. The original recipe included 40 herbs and was passed through the centuries from abbot to abbot. Back in 1894 the plum brandy of the Troyan Monastery was presented at a spirits competition in [[Antwerp]], [[Belgium]], where it won a bronze medal. There, the world got to know about slivovitsa. Some of the secrets of Troyan slivova are the following: First, it is made of a plum variety that grows only in the [[Troyan]] Region. It is an old variety which the locals call "Madzharkini plums", very juicy and aromatic whose stone, unlike the Teteven plums, is easily removed from the fruit. Second, and very important condition for good brandy is that the fermentation vessel is as big as possible. Third, it is important that the destillation vessel is with a capacity 80 to 120 litres. Experienced distillers noticed that the same source material gives different taste of the end product depending on the distillation vessel. Fourth, the fruit quality is important; even a small amount of rotten plums deteriorates the brandy. The plum brandy should not be very strong: it is best in the range between 39 and 41 degrees. Then its flavor is most strongly felt and it is best to drink. Some of the most famous persons that tasted Troyanska Slivova are [[Pope John Paul II]] and the former U.S. President [[Bill Clinton]]. [[Patriarch Maxim of Bulgaria]] celebrated his 95th birthday in 2009 in the Sofia Mitropoly with Troyanska Slivova.<ref name="Desant">{{Cite web|url=http://www.desant.net/show-news/20984/ |title=Тайните на Троянската сливова|publisher=Десант |language=Bulgarian |accessdate=2010-09-22 }}</ref> In cooperation with the Bulgarian government, the Czech distillery ''Rudolf Jelinek'' protected the brands "Troyanska slivova" and "Tetevenska slivova" in the EU in 2007. The same year, this largest European manufacturer of fruit distillates bought a majority share in the largest Bulgarian slivovitsa vinery "Vinprom-Troyan" having bought half an year earlier the second largest "Destila Teteven". However, the Czechs reduced the alkohol content to pay less duty. The production of "Vinprom-Troyan" is mainly for export. For the past 18 years, Troyan has special holiday, ''The Festival of Plum''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.regal.bg/show.php?storyid=323319 |title=Марката "Троянска сливова" мина в чешки ръце|publisher=Регал |language=Bulgarian |accessdate=2010-09-22 }}</ref> This holiday is celebrated at the end of September in Troyan and in the village of [[Oreshak]] where the Troyan Monastery is located. The cult for the plum in the Troyan region exists for ages. The plum has always been an essential produce in this region. Since the beginning of 20th century of plum were made marmalades, pesto, dried prunes, and pulps which were exported in Western Europe. Of course, this fruit is most important as a raw material for the production of Troyanska slivova.<ref name="Desant" /> * Troyanska Slivova (owned by Rudolf Jelínek)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.vinprom-troyan.bg/page/produkty/7/ |title=Сливова ракия |publisher=Винпром-Троян |language=Bulgarian |accessdate=2008-08-15 }}</ref> * Tetevenska Slivova (owned by Rudolf Jelínek)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dnevnik.bg/show/?storyid=279646 |title=Чехи купиха тетевенския винпром "Дестила" |publisher=Дневник |language=Bulgarian |accessdate=2008-08-15 }}</ref> * Lesidrenska Slivova<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lesedra.hit.bg/lesidrenska-slivova-rakia.htm |title=Лесидренска сливова ракия |publisher=Леседра |language=Bulgarian |accessdate=2008-08-15 }}</ref> * Elenska Slivova (owned by the [[Lyaskovets]] winery)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://winery.lyaskovec.com/en/rakia.htm |title=Our {{sic|high|nolink=1}} alcoholic drinks |publisher=Lyaskovets Winery |accessdate=2008-08-19 }} {{Dead link|date=September 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> ===Croatia=== *Badel 1862<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.badel1862.hr/en_jap.asp |title=Product range: spirits |accessdate=2008-08-13 |publisher=Badel 1862}}</ref> *Maraska<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.maraska.hr/ |title=MARASKA ZADAR |accessdate=2008-12-12 |publisher=Maraska Zadar}}</ref> ===Czech Republic=== *Rudolf Jelínek<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rjelinek.cz/profil-spolecnosti.php |title=Company profile |accessdate=2008-08-13 |publisher=Rudolf Jelínek}}</ref> *Zusy<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.zufanek.cz/en/slivovitz.html |title=Slivovitz |accessdate=2008-08-13 |publisher=Zufanek}}</ref> *Bonfier<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bonfier.cz |title=Slivovice |accessdate=2008-12-15 |publisher=Bonfier}}</ref> ===Hungary=== *[[Zwack]]{{Citation needed|date=September 2008}} ===Italy=== * '''[[Luxardo]]'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.luxardo.it/splash_intro.aspx?language=en|title=Sljivovica}}</ref> ===Poland=== *[[Polmos]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.polmos.bielsko.pl/en/passover.html |title=Passover Slivovitz |accessdate=2008-09-16 |publisher=Polmos Bielsko-Biała}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.polmos.torun.pl/english/t5.html |title=Our products |accessdate=2008-09-16 |publisher=Polmos Toruń}} {{Dead link|date=September 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> ===Serbia=== [[File:Prirodna Sljivovica.jpg|thumb|Svetsko a nase]] Serbian Šljivovica is consumed chilled in a special shot glass called "čokanji-čokanjčići" ("fićok-fićuci" in [[Vojvodina]]) of 0.03 to 0.05 dl. In 2004, over 400 000 litres of Šljivovica was produced in Serbia.<ref>http://www.siepa.gov.rs/attach/FruitIndustryInSerbia.pdf</ref> Following the claims of several nations to the [[protected designation of origin]], in October 2007 the [[European Union]] went for a compromise solution, leaving "slivovitz" as a [[generic name]], and granting individual nations the right to protect the origin with their own adjective.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.b92.net/info/vesti/index.php?yyyy=2007&mm=10&dd=01&nav_id=265855|title=Problemi oko izvoza šljivovice|date=2007-10-01|publisher=[[B92]]|accessdate=2007-10-11|language=Serbian}}</ref> Thus, "Serbian Slivovitz" (''Srpska šljivovica'') will become Serbia's first certified national brand.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.b92.net/eng/news/economy-article.php?yyyy=2007&mm=09&dd=28&nav_category=98&nav_id=44132|title=Slivovitz becomes Serbia’s first brand| publisher=[[B92]]|date=2007-09-28|accessdate=2007-10-11|0}}</ref> The most famous and most popular region for making and use of Šljivovica is [[Šumadija]] region. There is also a town in [[Zlatibor]], called Šljivovica. =====Producers===== *Flores<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.flores.rs/flores.htm |title=Flores |accessdate=2010-07-14}}</ref> *Wolf Inter Export|Stefan Nemanja slivovitz<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.stefannemanja.com |title=STEFAN NEMANJA slivovitz |accessdate=2008-08-13}}</ref> *Navip<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.navip.rs/izvoz/proizvodi.html |title=Navip products |accessdate=2010-07-14}}</ref> *Stara Sokolova<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.starasokolova.com/index_eng.htm | title=Stara Sokolova |accessdate=2008-09-11}} {{Dead link|date=September 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> *Zlatna Biserka<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.zlatna-biserka.com/ | title=Zlatna Biserka |accessdate=2009-06-10}}</ref> *Katz Rakije<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.katz-rakije.com/index.html |title=Katz Rakije |accessdate=2008-12-29}}</ref> *Prokupac<ref name="SI">[http://www.super-import.com/manastirka_sljivovica_d.htm]</ref> ===Slovakia=== *St. Nicolaus<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.st-nicolaus.sk/index.php?page_id=386&noitem%91%92=333&noitem%91%92=335&noitem%91%92=337 |title=Fruit Liquors |accessdate=2008-08-13 |publisher=St. Nicolaus}}</ref> *S 52<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.s52.sk/|title=Fruit Destilates|accessdate=2008-09-01 |publisher=s52}}</ref> *Old Herold (Bošacka slivovica)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.oldherold.sk/|title=Bošacka Slivovica|accessdate=2009-04-24 |publisher=Old Herold}}</ref> *Myjavská slivovica 52° ===Slovenia=== *Budič<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.budic.si/ostrilci/slivovka |title=Fruit Liquors |accessdate=2009-08-01 |publisher=Budič}} {{Dead link|date=September 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> [[Image:Slivovka.jpg|thumb|180px|Croatian Šljivovica and Slovenian Slivovka, two different names for the same drink]] ===United States=== *Black Star Farms<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.blackstarfarms.com/winery/spirits/?id=161 |title=Spirit of Plum |accessdate=2008-08-13 |publisher=Black Star Farms}}</ref> *Clear Creek Distillery<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://clearcreekdistillery.com/other.html |title=Additional Clear Creek Eaux de Vie |accessdate=2008-08-13 |publisher=Clear Creek Distillery}}</ref> *Peach Street Distillers<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.peachstreetdistillers.com/prod-plum-brandy.htm |title= Jack and Jenny Plum Brandy |accessdate=2008-08-13 |publisher=Peach Street Distillers}} {{Dead link|date=September 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> *Stringer's Orchard<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.stringersorchard.com/brandy.htm |title=Plum Brandy |accessdate=2008-08-13 |publisher=Stringer's Orchard |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20080609151900/http://www.stringersorchard.com/brandy.htm <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = 2008-06-09}}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Grocers}} ==External links== {{Commons category|Slivovitz}} *[http://www.slivovitz.us/library.htm List of brands] *[http://www.internetwines.com/spirits-brandy-sliv.html Brands of slivovitz] *[http://www.katz-rakije.com/ Katz Rakije] *[http://www.zlatna-biserka.com/ Zlatna Biserka] *[http://www.sljivovica.net/ Srpska Sljivovica] *[http://www.polishfoodinfo.com/polish-drinks/polish-vodka-brands/52-its-time-for-something-really-strong-polish-sliwowica-polish-slivovitz-.html Sliwowica Lacka] *[http://www.burningstill.com/ Burning Still | Distilling Community] ==See also== * [[Eau-de-vie]] * [[Rakia]] * [[Palinka]] * [[Raki (alcoholic beverage)]] * [[Tsikoudia]] * [[Tsipouro]] * [[Ţuică]] * [[Pálenka]] * [[www.tastebrandy.com]] {{Alcoholic beverages}} [[Category:Brandies]] [[Category:Bosnia and Herzegovina cuisine]] [[Category:Serbian cuisine]] [[Category:Bulgarian cuisine]] [[Category:Croatian cuisine]] [[Category:Slovenian cuisine]] [[Category:Czech cuisine]] [[Category:Polish cuisine]] [[Category:Bosnia and Herzegovina distilled beverages]] [[Category:Serbian distilled beverages]] [[Category:Bulgarian distilled beverages]] [[Category:Croatian distilled beverages]] [[Category:Slovenian distilled beverages]] [[Category:Czech distilled beverages]] [[Category:Polish distilled beverages]] [[Category:Macedonian drinks]] [[Category:Slavic words and phrases]] [[Category:Slavic loanwords]] [[Category:Serbian products with protected designation of origin]] [[bar:Zwetschgnwossa]] [[bs:Šljivovica]] [[ca:Slivovitz]] [[cs:Slivovice]] [[de:Sliwowitz]] [[es:Slivovitz]] [[eo:Slivovico]] [[fr:Slivovitz]] [[ko:슬리보비츠]] [[it:Slivovitz]] [[he:סליבוביץ']] [[lt:Slivovica]] [[hu:Sligovica]] [[nl:Slivovitsj]] [[pl:Śliwowica]] [[pt:Slivovitz]] [[ro:Șliboviță]] [[ru:Сливовица]] [[sk:Slivovica]] [[sr:Шљивовица]] [[sh:Šljivovica (piće)]] [[fi:Slivovits]] [[sv:Slivovits]] [[uk:Сливовиця]]'