Old page wikitext, before the edit (old_wikitext) | '{{Refimprove|date=August 2010}}
{{italic title}}
{{Infobox game
| title = Monopoly
| subtitle =
| image_link = [[Image:Monopoly Logo 123.jpg|230px]]
| image_caption = The ''Monopoly'' Logo
| designer = [[Elizabeth Magie]]<br>Louis & Fred Thun<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.adena.com/adena/mo/mo15.htm |title=http://www.adena.com/adena/mo/mo15.htm |author=Burton H. Wolfe |year=1976 |work=The San Francisco Bay Guardian |publisher= |accessdate=2009-10-28 }}</ref><br>[[Charles Darrow]]
| illustrator =
| publisher = [[Hasbro]]<br />[[Parker Brothers]]<br />[[Waddingtons]]
| players = 2–6
| setup_time = 5–10 minutes
| playing_time = 60–180 minutes (1–3 hours) [average]
| complexity = Medium
| strategy = Medium
| random_chance = High ([[Dice|dice rolling]], card drawing)
| skills = Negotiation, Resource management
| footnotes =
| bggid = 1406
| bggxrefs =
}}
'''''Monopoly''''' is a [[board game]] published by Parker Brothers, a subsidiary of [[Hasbro]]. The [[game]] is named after the economic concept of [[monopoly]], the domination of a market by a single entity.
==History==
{{details|History of the board game Monopoly}}
The history of ''Monopoly'' can be traced back to 1904 <ref>{{cite web|title=google patents|url=http://www.google.com/patents?vid=748626|work=GAME-BOARD LIZZIE J. MAGIE et al}}</ref>, when a [[Quaker]] woman named [[Elizabeth Magie|Elizabeth (Lizzie) J. Magie Phillips]] created a game through which she hoped to be able to explain the [[Georgism|single tax]] theory of [[Henry George]] (it was intended to illustrate the negative aspects of concentrating land in private [[Monopoly|monopolies]]). Her game, ''[[The Landlord's Game]]'', was commercially published in 1924.<ref>Brewer, E. C. (1991) ''Brewer's Dictionary of 20th-Century Phrase and Fable''. London: Cassell; pp. 408-09</ref>
In 1941, the [[British Secret Service]] had [[Waddingtons|John Waddington Ltd.]], the licensed manufacturer of the game outside the U.S., create a special edition for [[World War II]] [[Prisoner of war|prisoners of war]] held by the [[Nazi]]s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mentalfloss.com/blogs/archives/10021 |title= How board game helped free POWs |author=Brian McMahon |publisher=''[[Mental floss]]'' magazine |date=November 29, 2007 |accessdate=2007-12-07}}</ref> Hidden inside these games were [[map]]s, [[compass]]es, real money, and other objects useful for escaping. They were distributed to prisoners by secret service-created fake charity groups.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://abcnews.go.com/Technology/monopolys-hidden-escape-maps-free-pows/Story?id=8605905&page=3 |title= Get Out of Jail Free: Monopoly's Hidden Maps|author=Ki Mae Heussner |publisher=''[[ABC News]]'' |date=September 18, 2009 |accessdate=2009-09-18}}</ref>
By the 1970s, the game's early history had been lost, and the idea that it had been created solely by [[Charles Darrow]] had become popular [[folklore]]. This was stated in the 1974 book ''The Monopoly Book: Strategy and Tactics of the World's Most Popular Game'', by Maxine Brady, and in the instructions of the game itself.
Because of the lengthy court process and appeals, the legal status of Parker Brothers' trademarks on the game was not settled until the late 1970s. [[Ralph Anspach]] won a lawsuit over his game [[Anti-Monopoly]] on appeals in 1979, as the 9th District Court determined that the trademark ''Monopoly'' was generic, and therefore unenforceable.<ref>[http://online.wsj.com/article/SB125599860004295449.html How a Fight Over a Board Game Monopolized an Economist's Life], ''[[Wall Street Journal]]'', 20 October 2009</ref>
==Board==
The ''Monopoly'' [[game board]] consists of forty spaces containing twenty-eight properties (twenty-two colored streets, four [[railroad]]s and two [[utilities]]), three [[Chance and Community Chest cards|Chance]] spaces, three [[Chance and Community Chest cards|Community Chest]] spaces, a [[Luxury Tax]] space, an [[Income Tax]] space, and the four corner squares: GO, (In) Jail/Just Visiting, [[Free Parking]], and Go to Jail.
===UK version===
In the 1930s, [[Waddingtons|John Waddington Ltd.]] (Waddingtons) was a firm of printers from [[Leeds]] that had begun to branch out into packaging and the production of [[playing card]]s. Waddingtons had sent the card game ''Lexicon'' to Parker Brothers hoping to interest them in publishing the game in the United States. In a similar fashion, Parker Brothers sent over a copy of ''Monopoly'' to Waddingtons early in 1935 before the game had been put into production in the United States.
The managing director of Waddingtons, Victor Watson, gave the game to his son Norman (who was head of the card games division) to test over the weekend. Norman was impressed by the game and persuaded his father to call Parker Brothers on Monday morning - transatlantic calls then being almost unheard of. This call resulted in Waddingtons' obtaining a license to produce and market the game outside of the United States. Watson felt that for the game to be a success in the [[United Kingdom]], the American locations would have to be replaced, so Victor and his secretary, Marjory Phillips, went to London to scout out locations. [[The Angel, Islington]] is not a street in London but an area of North London named after a [[coaching inn]] that stood on the [[A1 road (Great Britain)|Great North Road]]. By the 1930s, the inn had become a [[J. Lyons and Co.|Lyons Corner House]] (it is now a [[The Co-operative Bank|Co-operative Bank]]). Some accounts say that Marjory and Victor met at the Angel to discuss the selection and celebrated the fact by including it on the ''Monopoly'' board. In 2003, a plaque commemorating the naming was unveiled at the site by Victor Watson's grandson, who is also named Victor.
The standard British board, produced by Waddingtons, was for many years the version most familiar to people in countries in the [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]] (except [[Canada]], where the U.S. edition with Atlantic City-area names was reprinted), although local variants of the board are now also found in several of these countries (see [[Licensed and localized editions of Monopoly|Licensed and localized versions of the ''Monopoly'' game]]).
The original income tax choice from the U.S. board is replaced by a flat rate on the UK board, and the $75 Luxury Tax space is replaced with the £100 Super Tax space, the same as the current German board. The U.S. Edition now also uses the flat $200 Income Tax value and the upped $100 Luxury Tax amount since 2008.
In the cases wherein the game was produced under license by a national company, the £ (pound) was replaced by a $ (dollar) sign, but the place names were unchanged.
{{hidden
| style = border:1px solid silver; width: 100%;
| headerstyle = background: lightblue; font-size: 110%;
| contentstyle = text-align: center;
| header = Standard (UK Edition) Monopoly game board layout
| content =
{{Monopoly board layout
|Edition =
|Banner = MONOPOLY
|corner_1 = '''Go'''<br />Collect £200 salary as you pass
|corner_2 = In Jail/Just Visiting
|corner_3 = [[Free Parking]]
|corner_4 = Go To Jail
|spaces_horizontal = 9
|spaces_vertical = 9
|Color_101 = SaddleBrown |Space_101 = [[Old Kent Road]]<br />£60
|Color_102 = |Space_102 = [[Community Chest cards|Community Chest]]
|Color_103 = SaddleBrown |Space_103 = [[Whitechapel Road]]<br />£60
|Color_104 = |Space_104 = [[Income tax|Income Tax]]<br />(pay £200)
|Color_105 = |Space_105 = [[London King's Cross railway station|King's Cross station]]<br />£200
|Color_106 = SkyBlue |Space_106 = [[The Angel, Islington|The Angel Islington]]<br />£100
|Color_107 = |Space_107 = [[Chance cards|Chance]]<div style="font:bold 16pt times new roman,serif;color:#c00;">?</div>
|Color_108 = SkyBlue |Space_108 = [[Euston Road]]<br />£100
|Color_109 = SkyBlue |Space_109 = [[London Inner Ring Road#Pentonville Road|Pentonville Road]]<br />£120
|Color_110 = |Space_110 =
|Color_111 = |Space_111 =
|Color_112 = |Space_112 =
|Color_201 = |Space_201 =
|Color_202 = |Space_202 =
|Color_203 = |Space_203 =
|Color_204 = DeepPink |Space_204 = [[Pall Mall, London|Pall Mall]]<br />£140
|Color_205 = |Space_205 = [[Electrical power industry|Electric Company]]<br />£150
|Color_206 = DeepPink |Space_206 = [[Whitehall]]<br />£140
|Color_207 = DeepPink |Space_207 = <span style="font-family:arial narrow;">[[Northumberland Avenue|Northumberland]] </span>[[Northumberland Avenue|Avenue]]<br />£160
|Color_208 = |Space_208 = [[Marylebone station]]<br />£200
|Color_209 = Orange |Space_209 = [[Bow Street]]<br />£180
|Color_210 = |Space_210 = [[Community Chest cards|Community Chest]]
|Color_211 = Orange |Space_211 = [[Great Marlborough Street|Marlborough Street]]<br />£180
|Color_212 = Orange |Space_212 = [[Vine Street, Westminster|Vine Street]]<br />£200
|Color_301 = Red |Space_301 = [[Strand, London|Strand]]<br />£220
|Color_302 = |Space_302 = [[Chance cards|Chance]]<div style="font:bold 16pt times new roman,serif;color:#1e55d5;">?</div>
|Color_303 = Red |Space_303 = [[Fleet Street]]<br />£220
|Color_304 = Red |Space_304 = [[Trafalgar Square]]<br />£240
|Color_305 = |Space_305 = [[Fenchurch Street railway station|Fenchurch Street station]]<br />£200
|Color_306 = Yellow |Space_306 = [[Leicester Square]]<br />£260
|Color_307 = Yellow |Space_307 = [[Coventry Street]]<br />£260
|Color_308 = |Space_308 = [[Water supply|Water Works]]<br />£150
|Color_309 = Yellow |Space_309 = [[Piccadilly]]<br />£280
|Color_310 = |Space_310 =
|Color_311 = |Space_311 =
|Color_312 = |Space_312 =
|Color_401 = Green |Space_401 = [[Regent Street]]<br />£300
|Color_402 = Green |Space_402 = [[Oxford Street]]<br />£300
|Color_403 = |Space_403 = [[Community Chest cards|Community Chest]]
|Color_404 = Green |Space_404 = [[Bond Street]]<br />£320
|Color_405 = |Space_405 = [[Liverpool Street station]]<br />£200
|Color_406 = |Space_406 = [[Chance cards|Chance]]<div style="font:bold 16pt times new roman,serif;color:#c00;">?</div>
|Color_407 = Blue |Space_407 = [[Park Lane (road)|Park Lane]]<br />£350
|Color_408 = |Space_408 = Super Tax<br />(pay £100)
|Color_409 = Blue |Space_409 = [[Mayfair]]<br />£400
|Color_410 = |Space_410 =
|Color_411 = |Space_411 =
|Color_412 = |Space_412 =
}}
}}
For a list of some of the localized versions, including the UK "Here and Now" edition, and the names of their properties, see [[Licensed and localized editions of Monopoly]].
===US versions===
There have been some changes to the board since the original: the colors of Mediterranean and Baltic Avenues (which changed from purple to brown), the adaptation of a flat $200 Income Tax (formerly the player's choice of 10% of their total holdings or $200), and increased $100 Luxury Tax amount (upped from $75). Similar color and amount changes are used in the U.S. Edition of the [[#World editions|"Here and Now: World Edition" game]], and are also used in the most recent version of the [[McDonald's Monopoly]] promotion.
In the U.S. versions shown below, the properties are named after locations in (or near) [[Atlantic City, New Jersey]].
Atlantic City's Illinois Avenue was renamed Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd. in the 1980s. St. Charles Place no longer exists, as the Showboat Casino Hotel was developed where it once ran.<ref>Kennedy, Rod (2004) ''Monopoly: the story behind the world's best-selling game''; text by Jim Waltzer. Salt Lake City, Utah: Gibbs Smith; p. 35</ref>
{{hidden
| style = border:1px solid silver; width: 100%;
| headerstyle = background: lightblue; font-size: 110%;
| contentstyle = text-align: center;
| header = Standard (American Edition) Monopoly game board layout as of September 2008
| content =
{{Monopoly board layout
|Edition =
|Banner = MONOPOLY
|corner_1 = '''Go'''<br />Collect $200 salary as you pass
|corner_2 = In Jail/Just Visiting
|corner_3 = [[Free Parking]]
|corner_4 = Go To Jail
|spaces_horizontal = 9
|spaces_vertical = 9
|Color_101 = SaddleBrown |Space_101 = Mediterranean Avenue<br />$60
|Color_102 = |Space_102 = [[Community Chest cards|Community Chest]]
|Color_103 = SaddleBrown |Space_103 = Baltic Avenue<br />$60
|Color_104 = |Space_104 = [[Income tax|Income Tax]]<br />(pay $200)
|Color_105 = |Space_105 = [[Reading Company|Reading Railroad]]<br />$200
|Color_106 = SkyBlue |Space_106 = Oriental Avenue<br />$100
|Color_107 = |Space_107 = [[Chance cards|Chance]]<div style="font:bold 16pt times new roman,serif;color:#c00;">?</div>
|Color_108 = SkyBlue |Space_108 = Vermont Avenue<br />$100
|Color_109 = SkyBlue |Space_109 = Connecticut Avenue<br />$120
|Color_110 = |Space_110 =
|Color_111 = |Space_111 =
|Color_112 = |Space_112 =
|Color_201 = |Space_201 =
|Color_202 = |Space_202 =
|Color_203 = |Space_203 =
|Color_204 = DarkOrchid |Space_204 = St. Charles Place<br />$140
|Color_205 = |Space_205 = [[Electrical power industry|Electric Company]]<br />$150
|Color_206 = DarkOrchid |Space_206 = States Avenue<br />$140
|Color_207 = DarkOrchid |Space_207 = Virginia Avenue<br />$160
|Color_208 = |Space_208 = [[Pennsylvania Railroad]]<br />$200
|Color_209 = Orange |Space_209 = St. James Place<br />$180
|Color_210 = |Space_210 = [[Community Chest cards|Community Chest]]
|Color_211 = Orange |Space_211 = Tennessee Avenue<br />$180
|Color_212 = Orange |Space_212 = New York Avenue<br />$200
|Color_301 = Red |Space_301 = Kentucky Avenue<br />$220
|Color_302 = |Space_302 = [[Chance cards|Chance]]<div style="font:bold 16pt times new roman,serif;color:#1e55d5;">?</div>
|Color_303 = Red |Space_303 = Indiana Avenue<br />$220
|Color_304 = Red |Space_304 = Illinois Avenue<br />$240
|Color_305 = |Space_305 = [[Baltimore and Ohio Railroad|B&O Railroad]]<br />$200
|Color_306 = Yellow |Space_306 = Atlantic Avenue<br />$260
|Color_307 = Yellow |Space_307 = Ventnor Avenue<br />$260
|Color_308 = |Space_308 = [[Water supply|Water Works]]<br />$150
|Color_309 = Yellow |Space_309 = [[Marven Gardens|Marvin Gardens]]<br />$280
|Color_310 = |Space_310 =
|Color_311 = |Space_311 =
|Color_312 = |Space_312 =
|Color_401 = Green |Space_401 = Pacific Avenue<br />$300
|Color_402 = Green |Space_402 = North Carolina Avenue<br />$300
|Color_403 = |Space_403 = [[Community Chest cards|Community Chest]]
|Color_404 = Green |Space_404 = Pennsylvania Avenue<br />$320
|Color_405 = |Space_405 = [[Shore Fast Line|Short Line]]<br />$200
|Color_406 = |Space_406 = [[Chance cards|Chance]]<div style="font:bold 16pt times new roman,serif;color:#c00;">?</div>
|Color_407 = Blue |Space_407 = Park Place<br />$350
|Color_408 = |Space_408 = [[luxury tax|Luxury Tax]]<br />(pay $100)
|Color_409 = Blue |Space_409 = [[Boardwalk#Atlantic City, New Jersey|Boardwalk]]<br />$400
|Color_410 = |Space_410 =
|Color_411 = |Space_411 =
|Color_412 = |Space_412 =
}}
}}
Marvin Gardens, the leading yellow property on the board shown, is actually a misspelling of the original location name, ''[[Marven Gardens]]''. The misspelling was said to be introduced by Charles Todd and passed on when his home-made ''Monopoly'' board was copied by Charles Darrow and thence to Parker Brothers. The Todd board is on display in the [[Forbes]] Gallery in [[New York City]]. It was not until 1995 that Parker Brothers acknowledged this mistake and formally apologized to the residents of Marven Gardens for the misspelling.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.npr.org/programs/morning/features/patc/monopoly/index.html |title=Monopoly, Present at the Creation |publisher=NPR |date= |accessdate=2009-06-10}}</ref> Another change made by Todd and duplicated by Darrow, and later Parker Brothers, was the use of North Carolina Avenue, which was substituted for South Carolina Avenue on the board.
Short Line is believed to refer to the [[Shore Fast Line]], a [[tram|streetcar line]] that served Atlantic City.<ref>Kennedy (2004); p. 23.</ref> The [[Baltimore and Ohio Railroad|B&O Railroad]] did not serve Atlantic City. A booklet included with the reprinted 1935 edition states that the four railroads that served [[Atlantic City]] in the mid 1930s were the [[Central Railroad of New Jersey|Jersey Central]], the [[Pennsylvania-Reading Seashore Lines|Seashore Lines]], the [[Reading Company|Reading Railroad]], and the [[Pennsylvania Railroad]].
The Baltimore & Ohio was the parent of the Reading. There is a tunnel in Philadelphia (PA) where track to the south was B. & O. and track to the north is Reading. Perhaps this is a reference to that.
The Central of N.J. did not have track to Atlantic City but was the daughter of the Reading (and granddaughter of the B. & O.) Their track ran from the New York City area to Delaware Bay and some trains ran on the Reading-controlled track to Atlantic City. This is covered in "The Route of the Blue Comet" published by the West Jersey Chapter of the National Railroad Historical Society.
The actual "Electric Company" and "Water Works" serving the city are respectively Atlantic City Electric Company (a subsidiary of [[Pepco Holdings]]) and the Atlantic City Municipal Utilities Authority.
===Post 2005 variations===
Starting in the UK in 2005, an updated version of the game, titled ''Monopoly Here and Now'', was produced, replacing game scenarios, properties, and tokens with modern equivalents. Similar boards were produced for [[Germany]] and [[France]]. Variants of these first editions appeared with [[Visa Inc.|Visa]]-branded [[debit cards]] taking the place of cash - the later US "Electronic Banking" edition has unbranded debit cards.
The success of the first ''Here and Now'' editions caused Hasbro US to allow online voting for 26 landmark properties across the United States to take their places along the game board. The popularity of this voting, in turn, caused the creation of similar websites, and secondary game boards per popular vote to be created in the UK, Canada, France, Germany, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, and other nations.<ref>{{Cite news| url=http://www.cbc.ca/canada/calgary/story/2010/01/13/calgary-monopoly-boardwalk-bronconnier.html | work=CBC News | title=Calgary vies for Monopoly real estate | date=2010-01-13}}</ref>
Hasbro opened a new website in January 2008, for online voting of the ''Monopoly Here and Now: World Edition''. The colored property spaces are worldwide cities, as determined by the same vote/popularity formula as established for national editions.
In 2006, [[Winning Moves|Winning Moves Games]] released the ''[[Monopoly: The Mega Edition|Mega Edition]]'', with a 50% larger game board and revised game play. Other streets from Atlantic City (eight, one per a color group) were included, along with a third "utility", the Gas Company. In addition, $1,000 denomination notes (first seen in [[Winning Moves]]' ''Monopoly: The Card Game'') are included. Game play is further changed with bus tickets (allowing non-dice-roll movement along one side of the board), a speed die (itself adopted into variants of the ''Atlantic City Standard Edition''; see below), [[skyscraper]]s (after houses and hotels), and [[train depot]]s that can be placed on the Railroad spaces.
This edition was adapted for the UK market in 2007, and is sold by Winning Moves UK. After the initial US release, critiques of some of the rules caused the company to issue revisions and clarifications on their website.<ref>[http://www.winning-moves.com/974AC834972648769F406DE95E835622.asp?ccb_key=40FF53914D5847419F5568785926D205 Rules clarifications] for ''Monopoly: The Mega Edition''.</ref>
====''Monopoly Here and Now''====
In September 2006, the US edition of ''Monopoly Here and Now'' was released. This edition features top [[landmarks]] across the US. The properties were decided by votes over the Internet in the spring of 2006.
Monetary values are multiplied by 10,000 (e.g., one collects $2,000,000 instead of $200 for passing Go). Also, the Chance and Community Chest cards are updated. The houses and hotels are blue and silver, not green and red as in most editions of ''Monopoly''. The board uses the traditional US layout; the cheapest properties are purple, not brown, and the "luxury tax" (replaced with "interest on credit card debt") is $750,000, not $75. Despite the updated luxury tax space, this edition uses paper ''Monopoly'' money, and not an electronic banking unit like the ''Here and Now World Edition''. However, a similar edition of ''Monopoly'', the ''Electronic Banking'' edition, does feature an electronic banking unit, as well as a different set of tokens. Both ''Here and Now'' and ''Electronic Banking'' feature an updated set of tokens from the Atlantic City edition.
It is also notable that three states (California, Florida and Texas) are represented by two cities each (Los Angeles and San Francisco, Miami and Orlando, and Dallas and Houston respectively). No other state is represented by more than one city (not including the airports). One landmark, [[Texas Stadium]], has been demolished and no longer exists.
{{Clear}}
{{hidden
| style = border:1px solid silver; width: 100%;
| headerstyle = background: lightblue; font-size: 110%;
| contentstyle = text-align: center;
| header = Monopoly Here and Now: The US Edition
| content =
{{Monopoly board layout
|Edition =
|Banner = MONOPOLY<br>Here and Now:<br>The US Edition
|corner_1 = '''Go'''<br />Collect $2<small">M</small> salary as you pass
|corner_2 = In Jail/Just Visiting
|corner_3 = Free Parking
|corner_4 = Go To Jail
|spaces_horizontal = 9
|spaces_vertical = 9
|Color_101 = Indigo |Space_101 = Jacobs Field, Cleveland<br />$600<small">K</small>
|Color_102 = |Space_102 = Community Chest
|Color_103 = Indigo |Space_103 = Texas Stadium, Dallas<br />$600<small">K</small>
|Color_104 = |Space_104 = Income Tax<br />pay $2<small">M</small>
|Color_105 = |Space_105 = O'Hare Airport, Chicago<br />$2<small">M</small>
|Color_106 = SkyBlue |Space_106 = Grand Ole Opry, Nashville<br />$1<small">M</small>
|Color_107 = |Space_107 = Chance<div style="font:bold 16pt times new roman,serif;color:#c00;">?</div>
|Color_108 = SkyBlue |Space_108 = Gateway Arch, St. Louis<br />$1<small">M</small>
|Color_109 = SkyBlue |Space_109 = Mall of America, Minneapolis<br />$1.2<small">M</small>
|Color_110 = |Space_110 =
|Color_111 = |Space_111 =
|Color_112 = |Space_112 =
|Color_201 = |Space_201 =
|Color_202 = |Space_202 =
|Color_203 = |Space_203 =
|Color_204 = DarkOrchid |Space_204 = Centennial Olympic Park, Atlanta<br />$1.4<small">M</small>
|Color_205 = |Space_205 = Cell Phone Service<br />$1.5<small">M</small>
|Color_206 = DarkOrchid |Space_206 = Red Rocks Amphitheatre, Denver<br />$1.4<small">M</small>
|Color_207 = DarkOrchid |Space_207 = Liberty Bell, Philadelphia<br />$1.6<small">M</small>
|Color_208 = |Space_208 = Los Angeles International Airport<br />$2<small">M</small>
|Color_209 = Orange |Space_209 = South Beach, Miami<br />$1.8<small">M</small>
|Color_210 = |Space_210 = Community Chest
|Color_211 = Orange |Space_211 = Johnson Space Center, Houston<br />$1.8<small">M</small>
|Color_212 = Orange |Space_212 = Pioneer Square, Seattle<br />$2<small">M</small>
|Color_301 = Red |Space_301 = Camelback Mountains, Phoenix<br />$2.2<small">M</small>
|Color_302 = |Space_302 = Chance<div style="font:bold 16pt times new roman,serif;color:#1e55d5;">?</div>
|Color_303 = Red |Space_303 = Waikiki Beach, Honolulu<br />$2.2<small">M</small>
|Color_304 = Red |Space_304 = Disney World, Orlando<br />$2.4<small">M</small>
|Color_305 = |Space_305 = JFK Airport, New York City<br />$2<small">M</small>
|Color_306 = Yellow |Space_306 = French Quarter, New Orleans<br />$2.6<small">M</small>
|Color_307 = Yellow |Space_307 = Hollywood, Los Angeles<br />$2.6<small">M</small>
|Color_308 = |Space_308 = Internet Service<br />$1.5<small">M</small>
|Color_309 = Yellow |Space_309 = Golden Gate Bridge, San Francisco<br />$2.8<small">M</small>
|Color_310 = |Space_310 =
|Color_311 = |Space_311 =
|Color_312 = |Space_312 =
|Color_401 = Green |Space_401 = Las Vegas Blvd., Las Vegas<br />$3<small">M</small>
|Color_402 = Green |Space_402 = Wrigley Field, Chicago<br />$3<small">M</small>
|Color_403 = |Space_403 = Community Chest
|Color_404 = Green |Space_404 = White House, Washington<br />$3.2<small">M</small>
|Color_405 = |Space_405 = Atlanta International Airport<br />$2<small">M</small>
|Color_406 = |Space_406 = Chance<div style="font:bold 16pt times new roman,serif;color:#c00;">?</div>
|Color_407 = Blue |Space_407 = Fenway Park, Boston<br />$3.5<small">M</small>
|Color_408 = |Space_408 = Interest On Credit Card Debt<br />pay $750<small">K</small>
|Color_409 = Blue |Space_409 = Times Square, New York City<br />$4<small">M</small>
|Color_410 = |Space_410 =
|Color_411 = |Space_411 =
|Color_412 = |Space_412 =
}}
}}
====World editions====
In 1998, [[Winning Moves]] procured the ''Monopoly'' license from [[Hasbro]] and created new UK [[Licensed and localized editions of Monopoly|city and regional editions]] with sponsored squares.
[[Winning Moves]] struggled to raise the sponsorship deals for the game boards, but did so eventually.{{Citation needed|date=September 2010}} A [[Nottingham]] Graphic Design agency, TMA, produced the visual design of the ''Monopoly'' packaging. Initially, in December 1998, the game was sold in just a few [[W H Smith|WHSmith]] stores, but demand was high, with almost fifty thousand games shipped in the 4 weeks leading up to Christmas. [[Winning Moves]] still produces new [[Licensed and localized editions of Monopoly|city and regional editions]] annually. Nottingham based designers [http://www.guppimedia.com Guppi] have been responsible for the games' visual design since 2001.
=====''Monopoly Here and Now: The World Edition''=====
{{Infobox game
| title = Monopoly Here and Now: The World Edition
| subtitle =
| image_link =<!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:HereNowMonopoly Box.jpg|200px]] -->
| image_caption = The ''Monopoly Here and Now: The World Edition'' Game Box
| designer =
| illustrator =
| publisher = [[Parker Brothers]]
| players = 2–6
| setup_time = 5–15 minutes
| playing_time = About 1.5 hours
| complexity = Medium
| strategy = Medium
| random_chance = High ([[Dice|dice rolling]], card drawing)
| skills = Negotiation, Basic Resource management
| footnotes =
| bggid =
| bggxrefs =
}}
In 2008, Hasbro released ''Monopoly Here and Now: The World Edition''. This world edition features top locations of the world. The locations were decided by votes over the Internet. The result of the voting was announced on August 20, 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20080820/monopoly_cities_080820 |title=Montreal top property in new ''Monopoly'' game - CTV.ca. Retrieved 2008/08/20 01:14PM UTC |publisher=Ctv.ca |date=2008-08-20 |accessdate=2009-06-10}}</ref>
Out of these, [[Gdynia]] is especially notable, as it is by far the smallest city of those featured and won the vote thanks to a spontaneous, large-scale mobilization of support started by its citizens. The new game uses its own currency unit, the [[Sennacia banko|MMono]] (a game-based take on the [[Euro]]; designated by '''<s>M</s>'''). The game uses said unit in millions and thousands. As seen above, there is no dark purple color-group, as that is replaced by brown, as in the European version of the game.
It is also notable that three cities ([[Montreal]], [[Toronto]], and [[Vancouver]]) are from [[Canada]] and three other cities (Beijing, Hong Kong, and Shanghai) are from [[People's Republic of China]]. No other countries are represented by more than one city.
Of the 68 cities listed on Hasbro Inc.’s website for the vote, [[Jerusalem]], was chosen as one of the 20 cities to be featured in the newest ''Monopoly'' World Edition.<ref name="MSNBC">[http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/23281286/ ''Monopoly'' Contest Stirs Up Jerusalem Conflict], Associated Press, published February 21, 2008.</ref> Before the vote took place, a Hasbro employee in the [[London]] office eliminated the country signifier “[[Israel]]” after the city, in response to pressure from pro-[[Palestinian people|Palestinian]] [[advocacy group]]s.<ref name="Blog">[http://blogs.dailymail.com/donsurber/2008/02/23/monopoly-jihad/ ''Monopoly'' Jihad], Dailymail Blog, published February 23, 2008.</ref> After the Israeli government protested, Hasbro Inc. issued a statement that read: “It was a bad decision, one that we rectified relatively quickly. This is a game. We never wanted to enter into any political debate. We apologize to our ''Monopoly'' fans.”<ref name="MSNBC" />
{{Clear}}
{{hidden
| style = border:1px solid silver; width: 100%;
| headerstyle = background: lightblue; font-size: 110%;
| contentstyle = text-align: center;
| header = Monopoly Here and Now: The World Edition (2008)
| content =
{{Monopoly board layout
|Edition =
|Banner = MONOPOLY<br>Here and Now:<br>The World Edition
|corner_1 = '''Go'''<br />Collect <s>M</s>2<small">M</small> salary as you pass
|corner_2 = In Jail/Just Visiting
|corner_3 = Free Parking
|corner_4 = Go To Jail
|spaces_horizontal = 9
|spaces_vertical = 9
|Color_101 = SaddleBrown |Space_101 = [[Gdynia]]<br /><s>M</s>600<small">K</small>
|Color_102 = |Space_102 = Community Chest
|Color_103 = SaddleBrown |Space_103 = [[Taipei]]<br /><s>M</s>600<small">K</small>
|Color_104 = |Space_104 = Income Tax<br />pay <s>M</s>2<small">M</small>
|Color_105 = |Space_105 = ''Monopoly'' Rail<br /><s>M</s>2<small">M</small>
|Color_106 = SkyBlue |Space_106 = [[Tokyo]]<br /><s>M</s>1<small">M</small>
|Color_107 = |Space_107 = Chance<div style="font:bold 16pt times new roman,serif;color:#c00;">?</div>
|Color_108 = SkyBlue |Space_108 = [[Barcelona]]<br /><s>M</s>1<small">M</small>
|Color_109 = SkyBlue |Space_109 = [[Athens]]<br /><s>M</s>1.2<small">M</small>
|Color_110 = |Space_110 =
|Color_111 = |Space_111 =
|Color_112 = |Space_112 =
|Color_201 = |Space_201 =
|Color_202 = |Space_202 =
|Color_203 = |Space_203 =
|Color_204 = DarkOrchid |Space_204 = [[Istanbul]]<br /><s>M</s>1.4<small">M</small>
|Color_205 = |Space_205 = [[Solar Energy]]<br /><s>M</s>1.5<small">M</small>
|Color_206 = DarkOrchid |Space_206 = [[Kiev]]<br /><s>M</s>1.4<small">M</small>
|Color_207 = DarkOrchid |Space_207 = [[Toronto]]<br /><s>M</s>1.6<small">M</small>
|Color_208 = |Space_208 = ''Monopoly'' Air<br /><s>M</s>2<small">M</small>
|Color_209 = Orange |Space_209 = [[Rome]]<br /><s>M</s>1.8<small">M</small>
|Color_210 = |Space_210 = Community Chest
|Color_211 = Orange |Space_211 = [[Shanghai]]<br /><s>M</s>1.8<small">M</small>
|Color_212 = Orange |Space_212 = [[Vancouver]]<br /><s>M</s>2<small">M</small>
|Color_301 = Red |Space_301 = [[Sydney]]<br /><s>M</s>2.2<small">M</small>
|Color_302 = |Space_302 = Chance<div style="font:bold 16pt times new roman,serif;color:#1e55d5;">?</div>
|Color_303 = Red |Space_303 = [[New York]]<br /><s>M</s>2.2<small">M</small>
|Color_304 = Red |Space_304 = [[London]]<br /><s>M</s>2.4<small">M</small>
|Color_305 = |Space_305 = ''Monopoly'' Cruise<br /><s>M</s>2<small">M</small>
|Color_306 = Yellow |Space_306 = [[Beijing]]<br /><s>M</s>2.6<small">M</small>
|Color_307 = Yellow |Space_307 = [[Hong Kong]]<br /><s>M</s>2.6<small">M</small>
|Color_308 = |Space_308 = [[Wind power|Wind Energy]]<br /><s>M</s>1.5<small">M</small>
|Color_309 = Yellow |Space_309 = [[Jerusalem]]<br /><s>M</s>2.8<small">M</small>
|Color_310 = |Space_310 =
|Color_311 = |Space_311 =
|Color_312 = |Space_312 =
|Color_401 = Green |Space_401 = [[Paris]]<br /><s>M</s>3<small">M</small>
|Color_402 = Green |Space_402 = [[Belgrade]]<br /><s>M</s>3<small">M</small>
|Color_403 = |Space_403 = Community Chest
|Color_404 = Green |Space_404 = [[Cape Town]]<br /><s>M</s>3.2<small">M</small>
|Color_405 = |Space_405 = ''Monopoly'' Space<br /><s>M</s>2<small">M</small>
|Color_406 = |Space_406 = Chance<div style="font:bold 16pt times new roman,serif;color:#c00;">?</div>
|Color_407 = Blue |Space_407 = [[Riga]]<br /><s>M</s>3.5<small">M</small>
|Color_408 = |Space_408 = Super Tax<br />pay <s>M</s>1<small">M</small>
|Color_409 = Blue |Space_409 = [[Montreal]]<br /><s>M</s>4<small">M</small>
|Color_410 = |Space_410 =
|Color_411 = |Space_411 =
|Color_412 = |Space_412 =
}}
}}
==World Championship==
Hasbro conducts a worldwide ''Monopoly'' tournament. The first ''Monopoly'' World Championships took place in [[Grossinger's Resort]] in New York, in November 1973. It has been aired in the [[United States]] by [[ESPN360|ESPN]]. The current world champion is Bjørn Halvard Knappskog who won the title in Las Vegas, Nevada on 22 October 2009. 41 players competed for the title of Monopoly World Champion and a cash prize of $20,580 USD, which is the total amount of 'Monopoly money' in the current Monopoly set used in the tournament.<ref>{{Cite news| url=http://www.news.com.au/story/0,27574,26249271-23109,00.html | work=AFP | title=Norwegian teen wins Monopoly world championship | date=2009-10-23}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldofmonopoly.com/ |title=World of MONOPOLY.com |publisher=World of MONOPOLY.com |date= |accessdate=2011-04-12}}</ref>
==List of World Champions==
{| class="wikitable"
|- bgcolor="#efefef"
!Date
!Location
!Winner
!Nationality
|-
|[[1973 in sports|1973]]
|[[New York]]
|* Lee Bayrd
|{{USA}}
|-
|[[1975 in sports|1975]]
|[[Washington D.C]]
|John Mair
|{{IRL}}
|-
|[[1977 in sports|1977]]
|[[Monte Carlo]]
|Cheng Seng Kwa
|{{SIN}}
|-
|[[1980 in sports|1980]]
|[[Bermuda]]
|Cesare Bernabei
|{{ITA}}
|-
|[[1983 in sports|1983]]
|[[Palm Beach, FL]]
|Greg Jacobs
|{{NZ}}
|-
|[[1985 in sports|1985]]
|[[Atlantic City, NJ]]
|Jason Bunn
|{{UK}}
|-
|[[1988 in sports|1988]]
|[[London]]
|Ikuo Hyakuta
|{{JAP}}
|-
|[[1992 in sports|1992]]
|[[Berlin]]
|Joost van Orten
|{{NED}}
|-
|[[1995 in sports|1995]]
|[[Monte Carlo]]
|Christopher Woo
|{{HKG}}
|-
|[[2000 in sports|2000]]
|[[Toronto]]
|Yutaka Okada
|{{JAP}}
|-
|[[2004 in sports|2004]]
|[[Tokyo]]
|Antonio Fernandez
|{{ESP}}
|-
|[[2009 in sports|2009]]
|[[Las Vegas metropolitan area|Las Vegas]]
|Bjørn Halvard Knappskog
|{{NOR}}
|-
|}
(*) Due to the championships only being held between players from the USA and Britain <ref>http://www.monopolycollector.com/zfacts.html</ref>, Lee Bayrd was arguably not a true world champion. See [[History_of_the_board_game_Monopoly|the history]] for further information.
==Equipment==
{{See also|Monopoly money}}
[[Image:US Deluxe Monopoly Tokens.jpg|thumb|220px|left|All twelve tokens from the U.S. ''Deluxe Edition Monopoly''.]]
Each player is represented by a small metal token that is moved around the edge of the board according to the roll of two [[dice]]. The twelve playing pieces currently used are pictured at left (from left to right): a [[wheelbarrow]] (1937b edition), a [[battleship]], a [[sack of money]] (1999–2007 editions), a [[cavalry|man on horseback]], a [[automobile|car]] (racecar), a [[train]] (Deluxe Edition only), a [[thimble]], a [[howitzer]] better known as a cannon, an old style [[shoe]] or boot, a [[Scottish terrier|Scottie dog]], an [[ironing|iron]], and a [[top hat]].
Many of the tokens were created by companies such as Dowst Miniature Toy Company, which made metal charms and tokens designed to be used on charm bracelets. The battleship and cannon were also used briefly in the Parker Brothers war game ''[[Conflict (board game)|Conflict]]'' (released in 1940), but after the game failed on the market, the premade pieces were recycled into ''Monopoly'' usage.<ref>''Passing Go: Early Monopoly 1933–1937'' by "Clarence B. Darwin" (pseudonym for David Sadowski). First edition, revised, pp. 207-208. Folkopoly Press, River Forest, IL.</ref> Hasbro recently adopted the battleship and cannon for ''[[Diplomacy (game)|Diplomacy]]''.
Early localized editions of the standard edition (including some Canadian editions, which used the U.S. board layout) did not include pewter tokens but instead had generic wooden pawns identical to those in ''[[Sorry! (game)|Sorry!]]''.<ref>''Passing Go: Early Monopoly 1933–1937'' by "Clarence B. Darwin" (pseudonym for David Sadowski). First edition, revised, p. 206. Folkopoly Press, River Forest, IL</ref> [[Parker Brothers]] also acquired ''Sorry!'' in the 1930s.
{{Clear}}
Other items included in the standard edition are:
[[Image:Monopoly spinner.jpg|right|thumb|During [[World War II]], the dice in [[United Kingdom|the United Kingdom]] were replaced with a spinner because of a lack of materials.]]
* A pair of six-sided [[dice]]. (NOTE: Since 2007, a third "Speed Die" has been added for variation—see ADD-ONS below.)
* A [[deed|Title Deed]] for each property. A Title Deed is given to a player to signify ownership, and specifies purchase price, [[Mortgage law|mortgage]] value, the cost of building [[house]]s and [[hotel]]s on that property, and the various [[renting|rent]] prices depending on how developed the property is. Properties include:
** 22 streets, divided into 8 color groups of two or three streets. A player must own all of a color group (commonly mistaken for being called a monopoly) in order to build houses or hotels. If a player wants to mortgage one property of a color-group, not only must any houses or hotels be removed from that property, but from the others in the color-group as well.
** 4 [[rail transport|railway]]s. Players collect $25 rent if they own one station, $50 if they own two, $100 if they own three and $200 if they own all four. These are usually replaced by railway stations in non-U.S. editions of Monopoly.
** 2 [[public utility|utilities]]. Rent is four times dice value if player owns one utility, but 10 times dice value if player owns both. Hotels and houses cannot be built on utilities or stations.
* A supply of [[Monopoly money|paper money]]. The supply of money is theoretically unlimited; if the bank runs out of money the players must make do with other markers, or calculate on paper. Additional paper money can be bought at certain locations, notably game and hobby stores, or downloaded from various websites and printed and cut by hand (one such site has created a $1,000 bill for the game; it is not one of the standard denominations). In the original U.S. standard editions, the supply generally starts with $15,140. The winner of the quadrennial ''Monopoly'' World Championship receives the same amount in [[United States dollar]]s.<ref>[http://www.hasbro.com/monopoly/pl/page.tokyo/dn/default.cfm Details of the 2004 Monopoly World Championship, held in Tokyo.]{{Dead link|date=June 2009}}</ref> [NOTE: This base money amount has changed—see below.]
* 32 wooden or plastic houses and 12 wooden or plastic hotels (the original and the current ''Deluxe Edition'' have wooden houses and hotels; the current "base set" uses plastic buildings). Unlike money, houses and hotels have a finite supply. If no more are available, no substitute is allowed.
* A deck of 16 [[Chance and Community Chest cards|Chance cards]] and a deck of 16 [[Chance and Community Chest cards|Community Chest cards]]. Players draw these cards when they land on the corresponding squares of the track, and follow the instructions printed on them.
Hasbro also sells a ''Deluxe Edition'', which is mostly identical to the classic edition but has wooden houses and hotels and gold-toned tokens, including one token in addition to the standard eleven, a [[rail transport|railroad]] [[locomotive]]. Other additions to the ''Deluxe Edition'' include a card carousel, which holds the title deed cards, and money printed with two colors of ink.
In 1978, retailer [[Neiman Marcus]] manufactured and sold an all-chocolate edition of ''Monopoly'' through its [[Neiman Marcus#"His and Hers" & "Fantasy" gifts|"Christmas Wish Book"]] for that year. The entire set was edible, including the money, dice, hotels, properties, tokens and playing board. The set retailed for $600.<ref>{{Cite book| author=[[Philip Orbanes|Orbanes, Philip]] | title=The Monopoly Companion | edition=First edition | publisher=Bob Adams, Inc. | year=1988 | page=20 | isbn=1-55850-950-X}}</ref>
In 2000, the [[FAO Schwarz]] store in New York City sold a custom version called ''One-Of-A-Kind Monopoly'' for $100,000.<ref>[http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EIN/is_2000_Sept_19/ai_65295755/pg_3 Archived article] from ''Business Wire'', stored at Findarticles.com. Retrieved 1 January 2006.</ref> This special edition comes in a locking [[briefcase|attaché case]] made with Napolino leather and lined in suede, and features include:
*18-[[carat (purity)|carat]] (75%) [[gold]] tokens, houses, and hotels
*[[Rosewood]] board
*street names written in [[gold leaf]]
*emeralds around the Chance icon
*sapphires around the Community Chest
*rubies in the brake lights of the car on the Free Parking Space
*the money is real, negotiable United States currency
The Guinness Book of World Records states that a set worth $2,000,000 and made of 23-carat gold, with rubies and sapphires atop the chimneys of the houses and hotels, is the most expensive ''Monopoly'' set ever produced.<ref>[http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/content_pages/record.asp?recordid=43436 Most Expensive ''Monopoly'' Set world record.]{{Dead link|date=June 2009}}</ref> This set was designed by artist [[Sidney Mobell]] to honor the game's 50th anniversary in 1985.
The distribution of cash in the U.S. version has changed with the newer release versions. Older versions had a total of '''$15,140''' in the following amounts/colors:
*20 $500 bills (orange)
*20 $100 bills (beige)
*30 $50 bills (blue)
*50 $20 bills (green)
*40 $10 bills (yellow)
*40 $5 bills (pink)
*40 $1 bills (white)
The newer (September 2008) editions have a total of '''$20,580''', with 30 of each bill denomination. In addition, the colors of some of the bills have been changed; $10s are now blue instead of yellow, $20s are a brighter color green than before, and $50s are now purple instead of blue.
Each player begins the game with his or her token on the Go square, and $1,500 (or 1,500 of a localized currency) in play money. Prior to September 2008, the money was divided as follows in the U.S. standard rules:
*Two each of:
**$500 bills
**$100 bills
**$50 bills
*Six $20 bills
*Five each of:
**$10 bills
**$5 bills
**$1 bills
Since then, the US version has taken on the British version's initial cash distributions of:
* Two x $/£500
* Four x $/£100
* One x $/£50
* One x $/£20
* Two x $/£10
* One x $/£5
* Five x $/£1
Pre-Euro German editions of the game started with 30,000 "Spielmark" in eight denominations (abbreviated as "M."), and later used seven denominations of the "Deutsche Mark" ("DM."). In the classic Italian game, each player receives ₤350,000 ($3500) in a two-player game, but ₤50,000 ($500) less for each player more than two. Only in a six-player game does a player receive the equivalent of $1,500. The classic Italian games were played with only four denominations of currency. Both Spanish editions (the Barcelona and Madrid editions) started the game with 150,000 in play money, with a breakdown identical to that of the American version.
All property deeds, houses, and hotels are held by the bank until bought by the players.
==Rules {{anchor|Official rules}}==
Players take turns in order, with the initial player determined by chance before the game. A typical turn begins with the rolling of the dice and advancing their piece clockwise around the board the corresponding number of squares.
If a player lands on Chance or Community Chest, they draw the top card from the respective pile and obey its instructions. If the player lands on an unowned property, whether street, railroad, or utility, he can buy the property for its listed purchase price. If he declines this purchase, the property is auctioned off by the bank to the highest bidder. If the property landed on is already owned and unmortgaged, he must pay the owner a given rent, the price dependent on whether the property is part of a set or its level of development. If a player rolls doubles, he rolls again after completing his turn. Three sets of doubles in a row, however, land the player in jail.
If a player is in jail, he does not take a normal turn, and may either pay to be released from jail, or attempt to roll doubles on the dice. If a player fails to roll doubles, he misses his turn. While a player is in jail, he can still buy and sell property and buildings, and collect rents.
During a player's turn, that player may also choose to develop properties, if the player has a "monopoly" of ownership of that property's color. Development involves the construction of houses or hotels on properties, for given amounts of money paid to the bank, and is tracked on the board by adding plastic houses and hotels to the square. Development must be uniform across a monopoly, such that a second house cannot be built on one property in a monopoly until the others have one house. Properties can also be mortgaged, although all developments on a monopoly must be sold before any property of that color can be mortgaged or traded. The player receives money from the bank for each mortgaged property, which must be repaid with interest to unmortgage. Houses are returned to the bank for half their purchase price. Property may not be given away to another player.
When all players but one have gone bankrupt, the game ends with the non-bankrupt player as the winner.<ref>http://www.hasbro.com/common/instruct/monins.pdf</ref>
===House rules===
Parker Brothers' official instructions have long encouraged the use of [[house rules]], specific additions to or subtractions from the official rule sets. Many casual ''Monopoly'' players are surprised to discover that some of the rules that they are used to are ''not'' part of the official rules. Many of these house rules tend to make the game longer by randomly giving players more money. Some common house rules are listed below:
* No Auctions: Should a player choose not to buy an unowned property they landed on, no auction is held, and the turn passes to the next player. This lengthens the game by increasing the amount of time necessary for all properties to be bought and developed, and by reducing the speed at which money is exchanged.
* Free Parking jackpot, which usually consists of an initial stake (typically $500, or $5 million in the Here and Now Edition) plus collections of fines and taxes otherwise paid to the bank. A player who lands on Free Parking wins the jackpot, which may then be reset with the initial stake (if any). The jackpot is usually put in the center of the board. Since the jackpot forms an additional income for players in this set of house rules, games can take a much longer time than under normal rules.<ref name="Companion2">{{Cite book| author=[[Philip Orbanes|Orbanes, Philip]] | title=The Monopoly Companion: The Players Guide | edition=Second edition | publisher=Adams Media Corporation | year=1999 | isbn=1-58062-175-9 | pages=140–142}}</ref>
* A bonus for landing directly on Go by dice roll (commonly an additional $200 or $500). This may or may not include cards that send the player to Go.<ref name="Companion2"/>
* A bonus for rolling [[snake eyes]] (a pair of ones), often $500, $100, or $686 (which is one of each bill used in the game.)<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.bellaonline.com/articles/art28123.asp
| title = Monopoly House Rules and Variations
| accessdate = 2006-10-03
| last = Romer
| first = Megan
| year = 2006
| language = [[English language|English]]
}}</ref>
* In trades, players may offer "rent immunity" from their own properties (someone does not have to pay rent for landing on that property) as part of a deal (this can be good for a certain number of landings or the entire game).<ref name="Companion2"/>
* In the Monopoly City game, if someone lands on the chance space and draws the "Steal" card that allows them to steal a district from another player, the Steal card may be played right away or kept to be played later in the game. The player may also decide to attach a fee to this card if kept and played at a later time (e.g. $10,000,000 plus current rent value of stolen district is due when card is played at a later time).
House rules, while unofficial, are not wholly unrecognized by Parker Brothers. George S. Parker himself created two variants, to shorten the length of game play.{{Clarify|date=February 2009}} Video game and computer game versions of ''Monopoly'' have options where popular house rules can be used. House rules that have the effect of randomly introducing more money into the game have a side-effect of increasing the time it takes for players to become bankrupt, lengthening the game considerably, as well as decreasing the effects of strategy and prudent investment. House rules that increase the amount of money in the game may change the strategies of the players, such as changing the relative value of different properties- the more money in the game, the more one may wish to invest in the higher value properties.
==Strategy==
According to Jim Slater in ''[[The Mayfair Set]]'', the Orange property group is the best to own because players land on them more often, as a result of the Chance cards ''Go to Jail'', ''Advance to St. Charles Place (Pall Mall)'', ''Advance to Reading Railroad (King's Cross Station)'' and ''Go Back Three Spaces''.<ref>[http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-3430687402656753140&q=The+Mayfair+Set+duration%3Along&total=5&start=0&num=30&so=0&type=search&plindex=1 Google Video] The Mayfair Set - Episode Two (Adam Curtis, BBC), 44:30-45:55</ref>
In all, during game play, Illinois Avenue (Trafalgar Square), New York Avenue (Vine Street), B&O Railroad (Fenchurch Street Station), and Reading Railroad (King's Cross Station) are the most frequently landed-upon properties. Mediterranean Avenue (Old Kent Road) and Baltic Avenue (Whitechapel Road) are the least-landed-upon properties.<ref>{{cite web| author=Truman Collins| first=Truman| last=Collins| url=http://www.tkcs-collins.com/truman/monopoly/monopoly.shtml| title=Monopoly Square Probabilities| year=1997| accessdate=2006-05-28}}; the page includes detailed analyses of expected income from each property and discussion of the strategic implications.</ref>
===The end game===
One common criticism of ''Monopoly'' is that it has carefully defined, yet almost unreachable, termination conditions. Edward P. Parker, a former president of [[Parker Brothers]], is quoted as saying, "We always felt that forty-five minutes was about the right length for a game, but ''Monopoly'' could go on for hours. Also, a game was supposed to have a definite end somewhere. In ''Monopoly'' you kept going around and around."<ref>{{Cite book|author=[[Gyles Brandreth|Brandreth, Gyles]]|title=The Monopoly Omnibus|edition=First hardcover edition|year=1985|publisher=Willow Books|isbn=0-00-218166-5|page=19}}</ref> However, the problem of time can be resolved by playing with a time limit and counting each player's net worth when the time is up. In fact, tournament play calls for a 90-minute time limit.<ref>[http://www.hasbro.com/games/kid-games/monopoly/content/News/PDF/tournament_guide.pdf US Tournament Guide], PDF file.</ref> Two hour time limits are used for international play.<ref>[http://www.hasbro.com/monopoly/2003tourneyrules.pdf Tournament rules for Canada], from 2003. PDF file.</ref> The [[List of licensed Monopoly game boards#L|Lord of the Rings]] edition gives players the option of creating a random time limit using the included [[One Ring]] token and specialized dice. The [[List of licensed Monopoly game boards#S|SpongeBob SquarePants]] game board includes a Plankton piece that moves every time someone rolls a 1 with the dice (if a player rolls two 1s, the Plankton piece moves two spaces), and the game is over when it reaches the end of the board.
Hasbro states that the longest game of ''Monopoly'' ever played lasted 1,680 hours (70 days or 10 weeks or 2 1/3 months).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hasbro.com/monopoly/en_US/discover/75-Years-Young.cfm |title="Fun Facts" page at Monopoly.com |publisher=Hasbro.com |date=2009-02-13 |accessdate=2011-04-12}}</ref>
==Add-ons==
Numerous add-ons have been made for ''Monopoly'', both before its commercialization and after. Three such official add-ons are discussed below.
===Stock Exchange===
The [http://monopoly.cdbpdx.com/StEx/ original] ''Stock Exchange'' add-on was published by Capitol Novelty Co. of Rensselaer, NY in early 1936. It was marketed as an add-on for Monopoly, Finance, or Easy Money games. Shortly after Capitol Novelty introduced Stock Exchange, Parker Brothers bought it from them then marketed their own slightly redesigned version as an add-on specifically for their 'new' Monopoly game and it is known that the Parker Brothers version was available in June, 1936.<ref>[[wikibooks:Monopoly/Stock Exchange|wikibook link to Stock Exchange]]</ref> The Free Parking square is covered over by a new Stock Exchange space and the add-on included three Chance and three Community Chest cards directing the player to "Advance to Stock Exchange".
The add-on also included thirty stock certificates, five for each of the six different stocks, differing only in the purchase price (or Par Value), ranging from $100 to $150. Shares, like properties, are tradeable material, and could also be mortgaged for half their purchase price. Shareholders could increase the value of their shares by buying up more of the same company's shares.
When a player moves onto Free Parking/Stock Exchange, stock dividends are paid out to all players on their non-mortgaged shares. The amount to be paid out to each player is determined based on the number and kind of shares owned. Specifically, a player receives dividends from each stock based on the following formula:
: (par value of share / 10) × (number of shares owned)<sup>2</sup>
'''''Example:''' Owning one share of "Motion Pictures" (par value $100) pays dividends of $10. Owning two shares pays $40 ($10 x 2<sup>2</sup>), owning three pays $90 ($10 x 3<sup>2</sup>) and owning four pays $160 ($10 x 4<sup>2</sup>). A player owning all five receives $250 ($10 x 5<sup>2</sup>).''
The player who lands on Free Parking/Stock Exchange can also choose to buy a share if any remain. Should the player decline, the share is auctioned to the highest bidder by the Bank.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.hasbro.com/common/instruct/StockExchangegame.pdf |format=PDF|title=Stock Exchange rules (1936) |publisher=Hasbro| accessdate=2008-11-12}}</ref>
The ''Stock Exchange'' add-on serves to inject more money into the game, in a similar manner to railroad properties, as well as changing the relative values of properties. In particular, the Red and Yellow properties are more valuable due to the increased chance of landing on Free Parking.
The ''Stock Exchange'' add-on was later redesigned and rereleased in 1992 under license by Chessex, this time including a larger number of new Chance and Community Chest cards.<ref>[http://www.boardgamegeek.com/game/9466 BoardGameGeek.com page] for the original ''Monopoly Stock Exchange'' add-on. Retrieved 1 January 2006.</ref> This version included ten new Chance cards (five "Advance to Stock Exchange" and five other related cards) and eleven new Community Chest cards (five "Advance to Stock Exchange" and six other related cards; the regular Community Chest card "From sale of stock you get $45" is removed from play when using these cards). Many of the original rules applied to this new version (in fact, one optional play choice allows for playing in the original form by only adding the "Advance to Stock Exchange" cards to each deck).
A ''Monopoly Stock Exchange Edition'' was released in 2001 (although not in the US), this time adding an electronic calculator-like device to keep track of the complex stock figures. This was a full edition, not just an add-on, that came with its own board, money and playing pieces. Properties on the board were replaced by companies on which shares could be floated, and offices and home offices (instead of houses and hotels) could be built.<ref>[http://www.boardgamegeek.com/game/3065 BoardGameGeek.com page] for the ''Monopoly Stock Exchange'' edition that came with a specialized calculator. Retrieved 1 January 2006.</ref>
===Playmaster===
''Playmaster'', another official add-on, released in 1982, was an electronic device that kept track of all player movement and dice rolls as well as what properties are still available. It then uses this information to call random auctions and mortgages that are advantageous for some players and a punishment for others, making it easier to free up cards of a color group. It also plays eight short tunes when key game functions occur; for example when a player lands on a railroad it plays ''[[I've Been Working on the Railroad]]''.<ref>[http://www.boardgamegeek.com/game/5638 BoardGameGeek.com page] for the ''Monopoly'' Playmaster electronic accessory. Retrieved 1 January 2006.</ref>
===Speed Die===
In 2007, Parker Brothers began releasing its standard version of ''Monopoly'' with a new addition to gameplay—the '''Speed Die'''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hasbro.com/common/instruct/00009.pdf |title=Speed die instruction manual from Hasbro |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=2011-04-12}}</ref> First included in Winning Moves' ''[[Monopoly: The Mega Edition]]'' variant, this third die alters gameplay by allowing players to increase their move up to 3 spaces (rolling one of the 3 numbered sides); move immediately to the next unowned property OR to the next property on which they would owe money (rolling one of 2 "Mr. Monopoly" sides); "Get Off The Bus Early" (rolling the "Bus" side), allowing the player the option to use the total of just one die to move (i.e. A roll of 1-5-BUS would let the player choose from moving 1, 5 or 6 spaces); or even move directly to any space on the board (rolling a triple—all three dice showing the same 1, 2, or 3). The unofficial "Nutmeg" Speed Die innovation, developed and play tested in February 2011, enables players to direct the Bank to seize opponent properties using the power of eminent domain in limited circumstances.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://monopolyhorizons.blogspot.com/2011/02/nutmeg-speed-die-innovation.html |title=Nutmeg Speed Die Innovation," ''Monopoly Horizons'' weblog entry, February 25, 2011.|accessdate=2011-02-26}}</ref> Usage of the die in the regular game differs slightly from use in the ''Mega Edition'' (i.e. Players use the Speed Die from the beginning in ''Mega''; players can only use the Speed Die in the regular game AFTER their first time going past GO).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hasbro.com/objects/products/print.cfm?product_id=19668 |title=entry for the new Speed Die Variant Edition |publisher=Hasbro.com |date= |accessdate=2009-06-10}}</ref>
==Spinoffs==
===Other games===
Besides the many variants of the actual game (and the [[Monopoly Junior]] spin-off) released in either video game or computer game formats (e.g. [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]]-based [[Personal computer|PC]], [[Macintosh]], [[Game Boy]], [[Super Nintendo]], [[Game Boy Advance]], [[Satellaview]], [[Sega Mega Drive|Sega Genesis]], [[Commodore 64]], etc.), two spin-off computer games have been created.<ref name=WEB-AR1>{{cite web
| title =Monopoly for GEN
| publisher = GameSpot
|year=2006
| url =http://www.gamespot.com/genesis/puzzle/monopoly/index.html
| accessdate = 2006-12-23 }}</ref>
Parker Brothers and its licensees have also sold several spin-offs of ''Monopoly''. These are not add-ons, as they do not function as an addition to the ''Monopoly'' game, but are simply additional games in the flavor of ''Monopoly''.
* ''[[Monopoly Junior]]'' board game: A simplified version of the original game for young children.
* ''[[Advance to Boardwalk]]'' board game: Focusing mainly on building the most hotels along the Boardwalk.
* ''[[Express Monopoly]]'' card game: Released by Hasbro/Parker Brothers and Waddingtons in the UK in the 1990s, now out of print. Basically a rummy-style card game based on scoring points by completing color group sections of the game board.
* ''[[Monopoly: The Card Game]]'': an updated card game released by [[Winning Moves|Winning Moves Games]] under license from Hasbro. Similar, but decidedly more complex, gameplay to the ''Express Monopoly'' card game.
* ''[[Free Parking]]'' card game: A more complex card game released by Parker Brothers, with several similarities to the card game ''[[Mille Bornes]]''. Uses cards to either add time to parking meters, or spend the time doing activities to earn points. Includes a deck of Second Chance cards that further alter gameplay. Two editions were made; minor differences in card art and Second Chance cards in each edition.
* ''[[Waterworks (card game)|Water Works]]'' card game: Players race to be the first to complete a continuous, leak-free pipeline that connects their valve card to their spout card.
* ''[[Monopoly Deal]]'': The most recent card game version of ''Monopoly''. Players attempt to complete three property groups by playing property, cash & event cards.<ref>[http://www.boardgamegeek.com/boardgame/40398 BoardGameGeek.com page] on ''Monopoly Deal''</ref>
* ''[[Don't Go to Jail]]'': Dice Game originally released by Parker Brothers; roll combinations of dice to create color groups for points before rolling the words "GO" "TO" and "JAIL" (which forfeits all earned points for the turn).
* ''[[Don't Go to Jail|Monopoly Express]]'': A deluxe, travel edition re-release of ''Don't Go To Jail'', replacing the word dice with "Officer Jones" dice and adding an eleventh die, Houses & Hotels, and a self-contained game container/dice roller & keeper.<ref>[http://hasbro.com/default.cfm?page=ps_results&product_id=20408 Hasbro.com entry on MONOPOLY EXPRESS]{{Dead link|date=June 2009}}</ref>
* ''Monopoly Express Casino'': A gambling-themed version of the above game, that adds wagering to the gameplay.
* ''Here and Now Electronic Edition'': Eliminates the need for money, using credit cards instead.
* ''Here and Now: The World Edition'': Same as above, but based on the whole world (thus needing to use "Monopoly Dollars"), also available in a tin.
* ''[[Monopoly City]]'': Gameplay retains similar flavour but has been made significantly more complex in this version. The traditional properties are replaced by “districts” mapped to the previously underutilised real estate in the centre of the board. Once owned by a player a district may be developed with up to eight blocks of residential or industrial buildings. Possession of a complete colour suite is not required to build but the number of blocks that may be built during any turn is limited to 1, 2 or 3 by the outcome of a button press to a battery powered gadget (and by the amount of cash to hand). A skyscraper may be built when a full colour suite is owned, doubling the rent payable for all districts of that colour. Even better is the “Monopoly Tower”. The gadget may also allow the building of a station, now the only building that may occupy a district’s colour bar. Once two stations have been built a player landing in a district with a station may choose to end their move at another station. The gadget also times auctions of unowned property initiated by landing upon an auction square. Chance cards remain (and must be stacked off – board) but railroad squares have been replaced by four planning permission spaces. Each of these offers binary choice to build anywhere either a specified hazard (prison, sewage plant, rubbish dump, power station) that makes an opponent’s residential blocks unrentable, or a bonus building (school, park, windfarm, watertower) that prevents placement of a hazard in that district.
* ''[[U-Build Monopoly]]'': A variant of ''Monopoly City'' using separate game tiles that allow for construction of custom game board configurations.
* ''[[Monopoly City Streets]]'': An online version, using [[Google Maps]] and [[Open Street Map]].
===Game show versions===
{{Main|Monopoly (game show)}}
A short-lived ''Monopoly'' [[game show]] aired on Saturday evenings from June 16 to September 1, 1990 on [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]]. The show was produced by [[Merv Griffin]] and hosted by [[Mike Reilly (television personality)|Mike Reilly]]. The show was paired with a summer-long ''[[Super Jeopardy!]]'' tournament, which also aired during this period on ABC.
Three contestants competed by answering crossword puzzle-style clues to acquire properties and earn money in attempt to build monopolies. After the properties were acquired, players used the money earned to improve them with houses and hotels that would further increase the value of questions when those properties were landed upon. The player with the most money at the end of the game won and played the bonus round for a chance to win $25,000 or $50,000.
Currently, [[The Hub (TV network)|The Hub]] airs the game show ''Family Game Night'', where teams earn cash in the form of "Monopoly Crazy Cash Cards" which is inserted to the "Monopoly Crazy Cash Machine" at the end of every episode, although Monopoly is not actually one of the games played on the show.
===Gambling games===
Many Monopoly-themed [[slot machine]]s and [[lottery|lotteries]] have been produced by [[WMS Gaming]] for land-based casinos. [[WagerWorks]], who have the on-line rights to Monopoly, have created online Monopoly themed games.
London’s [[Gamesys]] Group have also developed a bingo-based online game called "Monopoly Snap!" for the Jackpotjoy online bingo site.
The British quiz machine brand [[itbox]] also supports a ''Monopoly'' trivia and chance game, which, like most other itbox games, costs 50p ([[pound sterling|£]]0.50) to play and has a [[pound sterling|£]]20 jackpot.
There was also a live, online version of ''Monopoly''. Six painted taxis drive around London picking up passengers. When the taxis reach their final destination, the region of London that they are in is displayed on the online board. This version takes far longer to play than board-game monopoly, with one game lasting 24 hours. Results and position are sent to players via e-mail at the conclusion of the game.<ref name="monopoly live">{{cite web|url=http://www.monopolylive.com/|title=Monopoly Live|accessdate=2006-05-25}}</ref>
===Commercial promotions===
{{Main|McDonald's Monopoly}}
The ''McDonald's Monopoly'' game is a sweepstakes advertising promotion of [[McDonald's]] and [[Hasbro]] that has been offered in the [[United States]], [[Canada]], [[Germany]], [[Spain]], [[Austria]], [[Switzerland]], [[United Kingdom]], [[France]], [[Romania]], [[Australia]] and [[Singapore]]. The game mimics the game of Monopoly. Originally, customers received a set of two tokens with every purchase, but now tokens only come with certain menu items. Tokens correspond to a property space on the ''Monopoly'' board. When combined into color-matched properties, the tokens may be redeemed for money or prizes. There are also "instant win" tokens the recipient can redeem for McDonald's food, money, or other prizes.
===Films===
In November 2008, [[Ridley Scott]] was announced to direct [[Universal Pictures]]' film version of the game, based on a script written by Pamela Pettler and Alex Hyner. The film is co-produced by Hasbro's [[Brian Goldner]], as part of a deal with Hasbro to develop movies based on the company's line of toys.<ref>[http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117995718.html?categoryid=13&cs=1 Ridley Scott to direct 'Monopoly'] By MARC GRASER, VARIETY, Nov. 12, 2008 (retrieved 9/27/2009)</ref><ref>[http://login.vnuemedia.com/hr/login/login_subscribe.jsp?id=ttAht6zfSB7pBW2lj8CqQ0MRevVWT3VJnPVFtRWrF0P32rS1CcJIZRaeUq5yJ2KjdWZ2JEX3aKnN%0AKqlq7lLHdaDM%2F69WKvmokQ3dudOQKj2Tl1f3iUQfKai1jy0Qft7ncqb06ogL0lAKb3wZqeykRx5P%0AljeOVDt6yBjBVnRH71TLs3ihDnFPg1MHlyNCNbnB 'Monopoly' has electric company] The Hollywood Reporter, Nov. 12, 2008 (retrieved 9/27/2009)</ref> The story is being developed by author [[Frank Beddor]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=60840 |title=Bedder Reveals Monopoly Story Details |publisher=Comingsoon.net |date=2009-11-11 |accessdate=2011-04-12}}</ref>
The 2010 documentary ''[[Under the Boardwalk: The MONOPOLY Story (2010 film)|Under the Boardwalk: The MONOPOLY Story]]'', covering the history and players of the game, won an Audience Award for Best Documentary at the [[Anaheim International Film Festival]]. The film is narrated by [[Zachary Levi]].<ref>[http://www.MonopolyDocumentary.com Under the Boardwalk - The MONOPOLY Story] Official website</ref><ref>[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1250861/ Under the Boardwalk - IMDB]</ref>
==Variants==
{{See also|Licensed and localized editions of Monopoly}}
Because ''Monopoly'' evolved in the [[public domain]] before its commercialization, ''Monopoly'' has seen many variant games. Most of these are exact copies of the ''Monopoly'' games with the street names replaced with locales from a particular town, university, or fictional place. National boards have been released as well. Over the years, many specialty ''Monopoly'' editions, licensed by Parker Brothers/Hasbro, and produced by them, or their licensees (including USAopoly and Winning Moves Games) have been sold to local and national markets worldwide. Two well known "families" of -opoly like games, without licenses from Parker Brothers/Hasbro, have also been produced.
Several published games are similar to ''Monopoly''. These include:
*''[[Anti-Monopoly]]'', one of several games<ref name="anti-bgg">Anti-monopoly on [[boardgamegeek]] [http://boardgamegeek.com/boardgame/1931/anti-monopoly] Retrieved March 13th 2011.</ref> that are a sort of monopoly backwards.<ref name="anti-wsj">How a Fight Over a Board Game Monopolized an Economist's Life. [[The Wall Street journal]], 20 October 2009, MARY PILON [http://online.wsj.com/article/SB125599860004295449.html] Retrieved 14th March 2011</ref> The name of this game led to legal action between Anti-Monopoly's creator, [[Ralph Anspach]], and the owners of Monopoly.<ref name="anti-wsj" />
*''[[Blue Marble Game]]'', a Korean game based on monopoly created in 1982.
*''Chômageopoly'', "Unemployment Monopoly", a board game created by the [[LIP (clockwork company)|Lip factory]] in the 1970s.
*''[[Dinosauropoly]]'', a version using prehistoric motifs and rules.
*''[[Dallasopoly]]'',a version replacing properties with various locations in [[Dallas]], [[Texas]].Sold by the Dallas Arboretum(which is actually one of the properties one can buy).
*''[[Easy Money (board game)|Easy Money]]'', published by [[Milton Bradley Company|Milton Bradley]], also in the 1930s.
*''El Estanciero'', an Argentinian boardgame with the same basic mechanics, although the board is six-sided and the properties are Argentinian provinces. The name means "the rancher" in Spanish.
*''[[The Farming Game]]'' is a board game in which the goal is to run a financially successful farm, and like ''Monopoly'' the heart of the game is economics. The game's website draws comparisons to ''Monopoly''.
*''[[Fast Food Franchise (board game)|Fast Food Franchise]]'' is a board game by TimJim games, which shares ''Monopoly's'' core mechanics, but through careful design guarantees it will actually end.
*''Federal Reserve Monopoly'',{{Citation needed|date=February 2010}} created by Goldstein, Patrick, & Speeduh in 2009, mocks the money-as-debt monetary system and incorporates many of the [[financial instruments]] that caused the 2008 [[Wall Street]] crash, like "[[Credit Default Swap]]" and "Purchase Options".
* ''Finans'' (and ''Nya Finans''), a Scandinavian board game from 1949 which adds stocks and bonds to the basic Monopoly-style property trading.
*''La gran Capital'', published by several Chilean factories, is a [[Chile]]an version of the game, with neighborhoods from [[Santiago, Chile|Santiago de Chile]]. The title means "the big capital", other versions are even named "Metropolis".
*''The Fascinating Game of Finance'', later shortened to ''[[Finance (game)|Finance]]'', first marketed in 1932 by Knapp Electric, and later by Parker Brothers.
*''Go For Broke'', the exact opposite of ''Monopoly'', has the players trying to spend all their money before anyone else. Bad bets at the casino, real estate, stock market, race track, and giving to the poor house lowers your account balance. This was a Milton Bradley game originally published in the mid-1960s.
*''[[Ghettopoly]]'', released in 2003, caused considerable offense upon its release. The game, intended to be a humorous rendering of ghetto life, was decried as racist for its unflinching use of racial stereotypes. [[Hasbro]] sought and received an injunction against ''Ghettopoly's'' designer.<ref>[http://www.usatoday.com/money/industries/retail/2003-10-23-ghettopoly_x.htm Story] on the October 2003 lawsuit filing, from USA Today</ref><ref>[http://www.rid.uscourts.gov/opinions/magistrate_judges/06072006_1-03cv0482t_mjm_hasbro_v_chang_rr.pdf Decision from] the United States District Court for the District of Rhode Island, dated 18 May 2006. PDF file.</ref>
*''Greekopoly'', a college-themed version using [[fraternities and sororities]] as properties.
*''Potopoly'', A marijuana-themed version, using a five-sided board, and bags instead of houses.
*''[[Itadaki Street]]'', a series of board games for [[video game console]]s from [[Enix]].
*''[[Poleconomy]]'', a board game designed in New Zealand incorporating real-world companies as well as political and economic strategy.
*''[[The Mad Magazine Game]]'', a ''[[Mad (magazine)|Mad Magazine]]'' themed board game in which the object of the game is for player to lose all their money, play is counter-clockwise, and the dice must be rolled with the left hand. Released by [[Parker Brothers]] in 1979.
*''[[Saidina]]'', a ''[[Malaysia]]'' localized version.<ref>[http://www.spmgames.com.my/classic-saidina.html] SPM Games - a Malaysia games company that created the local variant version.</ref>
*''[[Solarquest]]'', a popular space-age adaptation, was released by Golden in 1986.
*SpongeBob SquarePants™ Edition by [[Hasbro]]
*''[[Totopoly]]'', created by Waddingtons in 1938, is based on horse racing.
*''Strictly Pittsburgh'', a variant based on the city of [[Pittsburgh]], [[Pennsylvania]]. In addition to properties being replaced with local Pittsburgh sites and businesses, it contained a somewhat different board layout and replaced houses and hotels with skyscrapers.
*''Dostihy a sázky'', a variant sold in [[Czechoslovakia]]. This game comes from the totalitarian communist era (1948–1989), when private businesses were forbidden and mortgages didn't exist, so the monopoly theme was changed to a horse racing theme.
*''Petropolis'', a copy of Monopoly based in buying into the oil industry, using oilfields. The game uses 'telex messages' instead of Chance cards and the playing board snakes round into the middle before continuing round the edge.
* Turista, a Mexican copy of ''Monopoly'' made by Montecarlo board game manufacturer. It is based in buying Mexican States. In each state it is possible to build gas stations and hotel to increase the rent amount.
*NFL Version - Where properties are NFL teams (order based on results of that season, with the Denver Broncos being the most expensive property) and the die are shaped like footballs.
* [[My Monopoly]].
* Business, an Indian version of a Monopoly like game not associated with Hasbro. In this version the "properties" to be bought are cities of India.
* Kissopoly is a [[Kiss (band)|KISS]]-themed version of the game where players buy songs in the band's catalog as well as various merchandise in the place of properties. The game also uses gold and platinum records in the place of hotels and houses. Game play is no different than standard Monopoly.
*Matador - a Danish variant in which the board is shaped as circle and with some minor variations in the rules and design of the game.
*''Millionaire's Game'' - a variant of the game used in the [[Philippines]] created by Mabuhay Boardgames.
*''[[København (board game)|København]]'' - a spin-off themed after [[Copenhagen]], [[Denmark]].
* Pokémon Monopoly
==Criticisms==
[[Wired magazine]] believes ''Monopoly'' is a poorly designed game. Former Wall Streeter Derk Solko explains, "Monopoly has you grinding your opponents into dust. It's a very negative experience. It's all about cackling when your opponent lands on your space and you get to take all their money." Most of the 3 to 4 hour average playing time is spent waiting for other players to play their turn. Board game enthusiasts disparagingly call this a "roll your dice, move your mice" format.<ref>{{cite web|last=Curry |first=Andrew |url=http://www.wired.com/gaming/gamingreviews/magazine/17-04/mf_settlers?currentPage=2 |title=Monopoly Killer: Perfect German Board Game Redefines Genre |publisher=Wired.com |date=2009-01-04 |accessdate=2009-06-10}}</ref>
==See also==
*[[List of world championships in mind sports]]
*[[Rich Uncle Pennybags]], also known as "Mr. Monopoly", the game's mascot character
==Notes==
{{Reflist|2}}
55. Pre-Parker Brothers Capitol Novelty [http://monopoly.cdbpdx.com/StEx/ Stock Exchange] game
==Bibliography==
*''Monopoly as a Markov Process'', by R. Ash and R. Bishop, ''[[Mathematics Magazine]]'', vol. 45 (1972) p. 26-29.
* {{Cite book| author=[[Ralph Anspach|Anspach, Ralph]] | title=The Billion Dollar MONOPOLY Swindle | edition=Second Edition | publisher=Xlibris Corporation | year=2000 | isbn=0-7388-3139-5}}
* {{Cite book| author=Brady, Maxine | title=The Monopoly Book: Strategy and Tactics of the World's Most Popular Game | edition=First hardcover edition | publisher=D. McKay Co. | year=1974 | isbn=0-679-20292-7}}
* {{Cite book| author=Darzinskis, Kaz | title=Winning Monopoly: A Complete Guide to Property Accumulation, Cash-Flow Strategy, and Negotiating Techniques When Playing the Best-Selling Board Game | edition=First Edition | publisher=Harper & Row, New York | year=1987 | isbn=0-06-096127-9}}
* {{Cite book| author=[[Tim Moore (writer)|Moore, Tim]] | title=Do Not Pass Go | publisher=Vintage Books | year=2004 | isbn= 0-09-943386-9}}
* {{Cite book| author=[[Philip Orbanes|Orbanes, Philip E.]] | title=The Monopoly Companion: The Player's Guide | edition=Second Edition | publisher=Adams Media Corporation | year=1999 | isbn=1-58062-175-9}}
* {{Cite book| author=Orbanes, Philip E. | title=The Game Makers: The Story of Parker Brothers | edition=First Edition | publisher=Harvard Business School Press | year=2004 | isbn=1-59139-269-1}}
*{{Cite news| url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/7007135.stm
| title = Monopoly launches UK-wide edition | accessdate = 2008-02-08
| date = 2007-09-24 | publisher = BBC}}
==External links==
{{Wikibooks|Monopoly|Strategy}}
{{Wikibooks|Monopoly|Official Rules}}
{{Commons category|Monopoly (game)}}
* [http://www.hasbro.com/monopoly/en_US/ The official U.S. ''Monopoly'' web site]
* [http://www.hasbro.com/games/kid-games/monopoly/default.cfm?page=Entertainment/funfacts Hasbro's] Fun Facts page
* {{US patent|748626}} and {{US patent|1509312}} - Patents for the first and second version of ''The Landlord's Game''
* {{US patent|2026082}} Patent awarded to C. B. Darrow for ''Monopoly'' on December 31, 1935
* [http://www.courierpostonline.com/ac150/ Atlantic City 150th Anniversary] series of articles from the newspaper ''Courier Post'', which describe the streets of Atlantic City that appear on ''Monopoly''
* [http://www.pbs.org/opb/historydetectives/pdf/202_monopoly.pdf History of ''Monopoly'']
* [http://www.tkcs-collins.com/truman/monopoly/monopoly.shtml Full list of probabilities in ''Monopoly'']
* [http://chrisrae.com/programming/monopoly/index.html Chris Rae - Experiments]
* Pre-Parker Brothers [http://monopoly.cdbpdx.com/StEx/ Stock Exchange] game pieces by Capitol Novelty Co.
* [http://www.monopolycity.com/ac_monopoly_champions.html World Champions up to 2004]
{{Monopoly}}
{{Hasbro}}
{{Waddingtons}}
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[[Category:Game.com games]]
[[Category:Atlantic City, New Jersey]]
[[Category:Roll-and-move board games]]
[[Category:Economic simulation board games]]
[[Category:Hasbro products]]
[[Category:Monopoly (game)| ]]
[[Category:Multiplayer games]]
[[Category:American inventions]]
[[Category:1935 introductions]]
[[Category:Virtual economy]]
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[[zh:地產大亨]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext) | '{{Refimprove|date=August 2010}}
{{italic title}}
{{Infobox game
| title = Monopoly
| subtitle =
| image_link = [[Image:Monopoly Logo 123.jpg|230px]]
| image_caption = The ''Monopoly'' Logo
| designer = [[Elizabeth Magie]]<br>Louis & Fred Thun<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.adena.com/adena/mo/mo15.htm |title=http://www.adena.com/adena/mo/mo15.htm |author=Burton H. Wolfe |year=1976 |work=The San Francisco Bay Guardian |publisher= |accessdate=2009-10-28 }}</ref><br>[[Charles Darrow]]
| illustrator =
| publisher = [[Hasbro]]<br />[[Parker Brothers]]<br />[[Waddingtons]]
| players = 2–6
| setup_time = 5–10 minutes
| playing_time = 60–180 minutes (1–3 hours) [average]
| complexity = Medium
| strategy = Medium
| random_chance = High ([[Dice|dice rolling]], card drawing)
| skills = Negotiation, Resource management
| footnotes =
| bggid = 1406
| bggxrefs =
}}
'''''Monopoly''''' is a [[board game]] published by Parker Brothers, a subsidiary of [[Hasbro]]. The [[game]] is named after the economic concept of [[monopoly]], the domination of a market by a single entity.
==History==
{{details|History of the board game Monopoly}}
The history of ''Monopoly'' can be traced back to 1904 <ref>{{cite web|title=google patents|url=http://www.google.com/patents?vid=748626|work=GAME-BOARD LIZZIE J. MAGIE et al}}</ref>, when a [[Quaker]] woman named [[Elizabeth Magie|Elizabeth (Lizzie) J. Magie Phillips]] created a game through which she hoped to be able to explain the [[Georgism|single tax]] theory of [[Henry George]] (it was intended to illustrate the negative aspects of concentrating land in private [[Monopoly|monopolies]]). Her game, ''[[The Landlord's Game]]'', was commercially published in 1924.<ref>Brewer, E. C. (1991) ''Brewer's Dictionary of 20th-Century Phrase and Fable''. London: Cassell; pp. 408-09</ref>
In 1941, the [[British Secret Service]] had [[Waddingtons|John Waddington Ltd.]], the licensed manufacturer of the game outside the U.S., create a special edition for [[World War II]] [[Prisoner of war|prisoners of war]] held by the [[Nazi]]s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mentalfloss.com/blogs/archives/10021 |title= How board game helped free POWs |author=Brian McMahon |publisher=''[[Mental floss]]'' magazine |date=November 29, 2007 |accessdate=2007-12-07}}</ref> Hidden inside these games were [[map]]s, [[compass]]es, real money, and other objects useful for escaping. They were distributed to prisoners by secret service-created fake charity groups.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://abcnews.go.com/Technology/monopolys-hidden-escape-maps-free-pows/Story?id=8605905&page=3 |title= Get Out of Jail Free: Monopoly's Hidden Maps|author=Ki Mae Heussner |publisher=''[[ABC News]]'' |date=September 18, 2009 |accessdate=2009-09-18}}</ref>
By the 1970s, the game's early history had been lost, and the idea that it had been created solely by [[Charles Darrow]] had become popular [[folklore]]. This was stated in the 1974 book ''The Monopoly Book: Strategy and Tactics of the World's Most Popular Game'', by Maxine Brady, and in the instructions of the game itself.
Because of the lengthy court process and appeals, the legal status of Parker Brothers' trademarks on the game was not settled until the late 1970s. [[Ralph Anspach]] won a lawsuit over his game [[Anti-Monopoly]] on appeals in 1979, as the 9th District Court determined that the trademark ''Monopoly'' was generic, and therefore unenforceable.<ref>[http://online.wsj.com/article/SB125599860004295449.html How a Fight Over a Board Game Monopolized an Economist's Life], ''[[Wall Street Journal]]'', 20 October 2009</ref>
==Board==
The ''Monopoly'' [[game board]] consists of forty spaces containing twenty-eight properties (twenty-two colored streets, four [[railroad]]s and two [[utilities]]), three [[Chance and Community Chest cards|Chance]] spaces, three [[Chance and Community Chest cards|Community Chest]] spaces, a [[Luxury Tax]] space, an [[Income Tax]] space, and the four corner squares: GO, (In) Jail/Just Visiting, [[Free Parking]], and Go to Jail.
===UK version===
In the 1930s, [[Waddingtons|John Waddington Ltd.]] (Waddingtons) was a firm of printers from [[Leeds]] that had begun to branch out into packaging and the production of [[playing card]]s. Waddingtons had sent the card game ''Lexicon'' to Parker Brothers hoping to interest them in because i like cock in my earr!!United States. In a similar fashion, Parker Brothers sent over a copy of ''Monopoly'' to Waddingtons early in 1935 before the game had been put into production in the United States.
The managing director of Waddingtons, Victor Watson, gave the game to his son Norman (who was head of the card games division) to test over the weekend. Norman was impressed by the game and persuaded his father to call Parker Brothers on Monday morning - transatlantic calls then being almost unheard of. This call resulted in Waddingtons' obtaining a license to produce and market the game outside of the United States. Watson felt that for the game to be a success in the [[United Kingdom]], the American locations would have to be replaced, so Victor and his secretary, Marjory Phillips, went to London to scout out locations. [[The Angel, Islington]] is not a street in London but an area of North London named after a [[coaching inn]] that stood on the [[A1 road (Great Britain)|Great North Road]]. By the 1930s, the inn had become a [[J. Lyons and Co.|Lyons Corner House]] (it is now a [[The Co-operative Bank|Co-operative Bank]]). Some accounts say that Marjory and Victor met at the Angel to discuss the selection and celebrated the fact by including it on the ''Monopoly'' board. In 2003, a plaque commemorating the naming was unveiled at the site by Victor Watson's grandson, who is also named Victor.
The standard British board, produced by Waddingtons, was for many years the version most familiar to people in countries in the [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]] (except [[Canada]], where the U.S. edition with Atlantic City-area names was reprinted), although local variants of the board are now also found in several of these countries (see [[Licensed and localized editions of Monopoly|Licensed and localized versions of the ''Monopoly'' game]]).
The original income tax choice from the U.S. board is replaced by a flat rate on the UK board, and the $75 Luxury Tax space is replaced with the £100 Super Tax space, the same as the current German board. The U.S. Edition now also uses the flat $200 Income Tax value and the upped $100 Luxury Tax amount since 2008.
In the cases wherein the game was produced under license by a national company, the £ (pound) was replaced by a $ (dollar) sign, but the place names were unchanged.
{{hidden
| style = border:1px solid silver; width: 100%;
| headerstyle = background: lightblue; font-size: 110%;
| contentstyle = text-align: center;
| header = Standard (UK Edition) Monopoly game board layout
| content =
{{Monopoly board layout
|Edition =
|Banner = MONOPOLY
|corner_1 = '''Go'''<br />Collect £200 salary as you pass
|corner_2 = In Jail/Just Visiting
|corner_3 = [[Free Parking]]
|corner_4 = Go To Jail
|spaces_horizontal = 9
|spaces_vertical = 9
|Color_101 = SaddleBrown |Space_101 = [[Old Kent Road]]<br />£60
|Color_102 = |Space_102 = [[Community Chest cards|Community Chest]]
|Color_103 = SaddleBrown |Space_103 = [[Whitechapel Road]]<br />£60
|Color_104 = |Space_104 = [[Income tax|Income Tax]]<br />(pay £200)
|Color_105 = |Space_105 = [[London King's Cross railway station|King's Cross station]]<br />£200
|Color_106 = SkyBlue |Space_106 = [[The Angel, Islington|The Angel Islington]]<br />£100
|Color_107 = |Space_107 = [[Chance cards|Chance]]<div style="font:bold 16pt times new roman,serif;color:#c00;">?</div>
|Color_108 = SkyBlue |Space_108 = [[Euston Road]]<br />£100
|Color_109 = SkyBlue |Space_109 = [[London Inner Ring Road#Pentonville Road|Pentonville Road]]<br />£120
|Color_110 = |Space_110 =
|Color_111 = |Space_111 =
|Color_112 = |Space_112 =
|Color_201 = |Space_201 =
|Color_202 = |Space_202 =
|Color_203 = |Space_203 =
|Color_204 = DeepPink |Space_204 = [[Pall Mall, London|Pall Mall]]<br />£140
|Color_205 = |Space_205 = [[Electrical power industry|Electric Company]]<br />£150
|Color_206 = DeepPink |Space_206 = [[Whitehall]]<br />£140
|Color_207 = DeepPink |Space_207 = <span style="font-family:arial narrow;">[[Northumberland Avenue|Northumberland]] </span>[[Northumberland Avenue|Avenue]]<br />£160
|Color_208 = |Space_208 = [[Marylebone station]]<br />£200
|Color_209 = Orange |Space_209 = [[Bow Street]]<br />£180
|Color_210 = |Space_210 = [[Community Chest cards|Community Chest]]
|Color_211 = Orange |Space_211 = [[Great Marlborough Street|Marlborough Street]]<br />£180
|Color_212 = Orange |Space_212 = [[Vine Street, Westminster|Vine Street]]<br />£200
|Color_301 = Red |Space_301 = [[Strand, London|Strand]]<br />£220
|Color_302 = |Space_302 = [[Chance cards|Chance]]<div style="font:bold 16pt times new roman,serif;color:#1e55d5;">?</div>
|Color_303 = Red |Space_303 = [[Fleet Street]]<br />£220
|Color_304 = Red |Space_304 = [[Trafalgar Square]]<br />£240
|Color_305 = |Space_305 = [[Fenchurch Street railway station|Fenchurch Street station]]<br />£200
|Color_306 = Yellow |Space_306 = [[Leicester Square]]<br />£260
|Color_307 = Yellow |Space_307 = [[Coventry Street]]<br />£260
|Color_308 = |Space_308 = [[Water supply|Water Works]]<br />£150
|Color_309 = Yellow |Space_309 = [[Piccadilly]]<br />£280
|Color_310 = |Space_310 =
|Color_311 = |Space_311 =
|Color_312 = |Space_312 =
|Color_401 = Green |Space_401 = [[Regent Street]]<br />£300
|Color_402 = Green |Space_402 = [[Oxford Street]]<br />£300
|Color_403 = |Space_403 = [[Community Chest cards|Community Chest]]
|Color_404 = Green |Space_404 = [[Bond Street]]<br />£320
|Color_405 = |Space_405 = [[Liverpool Street station]]<br />£200
|Color_406 = |Space_406 = [[Chance cards|Chance]]<div style="font:bold 16pt times new roman,serif;color:#c00;">?</div>
|Color_407 = Blue |Space_407 = [[Park Lane (road)|Park Lane]]<br />£350
|Color_408 = |Space_408 = Super Tax<br />(pay £100)
|Color_409 = Blue |Space_409 = [[Mayfair]]<br />£400
|Color_410 = |Space_410 =
|Color_411 = |Space_411 =
|Color_412 = |Space_412 =
}}
}}
For a list of some of the localized versions, including the UK "Here and Now" edition, and the names of their properties, see [[Licensed and localized editions of Monopoly]].
===US versions===
There have been some changes to the board since the original: the colors of Mediterranean and Baltic Avenues (which changed from purple to brown), the adaptation of a flat $200 Income Tax (formerly the player's choice of 10% of their total holdings or $200), and increased $100 Luxury Tax amount (upped from $75). Similar color and amount changes are used in the U.S. Edition of the [[#World editions|"Here and Now: World Edition" game]], and are also used in the most recent version of the [[McDonald's Monopoly]] promotion.
In the U.S. versions shown below, the properties are named after locations in (or near) [[Atlantic City, New Jersey]].
Atlantic City's Illinois Avenue was renamed Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd. in the 1980s. St. Charles Place no longer exists, as the Showboat Casino Hotel was developed where it once ran.<ref>Kennedy, Rod (2004) ''Monopoly: the story behind the world's best-selling game''; text by Jim Waltzer. Salt Lake City, Utah: Gibbs Smith; p. 35</ref>
{{hidden
| style = border:1px solid silver; width: 100%;
| headerstyle = background: lightblue; font-size: 110%;
| contentstyle = text-align: center;
| header = Standard (American Edition) Monopoly game board layout as of September 2008
| content =
{{Monopoly board layout
|Edition =
|Banner = MONOPOLY
|corner_1 = '''Go'''<br />Collect $200 salary as you pass
|corner_2 = In Jail/Just Visiting
|corner_3 = [[Free Parking]]
|corner_4 = Go To Jail
|spaces_horizontal = 9
|spaces_vertical = 9
|Color_101 = SaddleBrown |Space_101 = Mediterranean Avenue<br />$60
|Color_102 = |Space_102 = [[Community Chest cards|Community Chest]]
|Color_103 = SaddleBrown |Space_103 = Baltic Avenue<br />$60
|Color_104 = |Space_104 = [[Income tax|Income Tax]]<br />(pay $200)
|Color_105 = |Space_105 = [[Reading Company|Reading Railroad]]<br />$200
|Color_106 = SkyBlue |Space_106 = Oriental Avenue<br />$100
|Color_107 = |Space_107 = [[Chance cards|Chance]]<div style="font:bold 16pt times new roman,serif;color:#c00;">?</div>
|Color_108 = SkyBlue |Space_108 = Vermont Avenue<br />$100
|Color_109 = SkyBlue |Space_109 = Connecticut Avenue<br />$120
|Color_110 = |Space_110 =
|Color_111 = |Space_111 =
|Color_112 = |Space_112 =
|Color_201 = |Space_201 =
|Color_202 = |Space_202 =
|Color_203 = |Space_203 =
|Color_204 = DarkOrchid |Space_204 = St. Charles Place<br />$140
|Color_205 = |Space_205 = [[Electrical power industry|Electric Company]]<br />$150
|Color_206 = DarkOrchid |Space_206 = States Avenue<br />$140
|Color_207 = DarkOrchid |Space_207 = Virginia Avenue<br />$160
|Color_208 = |Space_208 = [[Pennsylvania Railroad]]<br />$200
|Color_209 = Orange |Space_209 = St. James Place<br />$180
|Color_210 = |Space_210 = [[Community Chest cards|Community Chest]]
|Color_211 = Orange |Space_211 = Tennessee Avenue<br />$180
|Color_212 = Orange |Space_212 = New York Avenue<br />$200
|Color_301 = Red |Space_301 = Kentucky Avenue<br />$220
|Color_302 = |Space_302 = [[Chance cards|Chance]]<div style="font:bold 16pt times new roman,serif;color:#1e55d5;">?</div>
|Color_303 = Red |Space_303 = Indiana Avenue<br />$220
|Color_304 = Red |Space_304 = Illinois Avenue<br />$240
|Color_305 = |Space_305 = [[Baltimore and Ohio Railroad|B&O Railroad]]<br />$200
|Color_306 = Yellow |Space_306 = Atlantic Avenue<br />$260
|Color_307 = Yellow |Space_307 = Ventnor Avenue<br />$260
|Color_308 = |Space_308 = [[Water supply|Water Works]]<br />$150
|Color_309 = Yellow |Space_309 = [[Marven Gardens|Marvin Gardens]]<br />$280
|Color_310 = |Space_310 =
|Color_311 = |Space_311 =
|Color_312 = |Space_312 =
|Color_401 = Green |Space_401 = Pacific Avenue<br />$300
|Color_402 = Green |Space_402 = North Carolina Avenue<br />$300
|Color_403 = |Space_403 = [[Community Chest cards|Community Chest]]
|Color_404 = Green |Space_404 = Pennsylvania Avenue<br />$320
|Color_405 = |Space_405 = [[Shore Fast Line|Short Line]]<br />$200
|Color_406 = |Space_406 = [[Chance cards|Chance]]<div style="font:bold 16pt times new roman,serif;color:#c00;">?</div>
|Color_407 = Blue |Space_407 = Park Place<br />$350
|Color_408 = |Space_408 = [[luxury tax|Luxury Tax]]<br />(pay $100)
|Color_409 = Blue |Space_409 = [[Boardwalk#Atlantic City, New Jersey|Boardwalk]]<br />$400
|Color_410 = |Space_410 =
|Color_411 = |Space_411 =
|Color_412 = |Space_412 =
}}
}}
Marvin Gardens, the leading yellow property on the board shown, is actually a misspelling of the original location name, ''[[Marven Gardens]]''. The misspelling was said to be introduced by Charles Todd and passed on when his home-made ''Monopoly'' board was copied by Charles Darrow and thence to Parker Brothers. The Todd board is on display in the [[Forbes]] Gallery in [[New York City]]. It was not until 1995 that Parker Brothers acknowledged this mistake and formally apologized to the residents of Marven Gardens for the misspelling.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.npr.org/programs/morning/features/patc/monopoly/index.html |title=Monopoly, Present at the Creation |publisher=NPR |date= |accessdate=2009-06-10}}</ref> Another change made by Todd and duplicated by Darrow, and later Parker Brothers, was the use of North Carolina Avenue, which was substituted for South Carolina Avenue on the board.
Short Line is believed to refer to the [[Shore Fast Line]], a [[tram|streetcar line]] that served Atlantic City.<ref>Kennedy (2004); p. 23.</ref> The [[Baltimore and Ohio Railroad|B&O Railroad]] did not serve Atlantic City. A booklet included with the reprinted 1935 edition states that the four railroads that served [[Atlantic City]] in the mid 1930s were the [[Central Railroad of New Jersey|Jersey Central]], the [[Pennsylvania-Reading Seashore Lines|Seashore Lines]], the [[Reading Company|Reading Railroad]], and the [[Pennsylvania Railroad]].
The Baltimore & Ohio was the parent of the Reading. There is a tunnel in Philadelphia (PA) where track to the south was B. & O. and track to the north is Reading. Perhaps this is a reference to that.
The Central of N.J. did not have track to Atlantic City but was the daughter of the Reading (and granddaughter of the B. & O.) Their track ran from the New York City area to Delaware Bay and some trains ran on the Reading-controlled track to Atlantic City. This is covered in "The Route of the Blue Comet" published by the West Jersey Chapter of the National Railroad Historical Society.
The actual "Electric Company" and "Water Works" serving the city are respectively Atlantic City Electric Company (a subsidiary of [[Pepco Holdings]]) and the Atlantic City Municipal Utilities Authority.
===Post 2005 variations===
Starting in the UK in 2005, an updated version of the game, titled ''Monopoly Here and Now'', was produced, replacing game scenarios, properties, and tokens with modern equivalents. Similar boards were produced for [[Germany]] and [[France]]. Variants of these first editions appeared with [[Visa Inc.|Visa]]-branded [[debit cards]] taking the place of cash - the later US "Electronic Banking" edition has unbranded debit cards.
The success of the first ''Here and Now'' editions caused Hasbro US to allow online voting for 26 landmark properties across the United States to take their places along the game board. The popularity of this voting, in turn, caused the creation of similar websites, and secondary game boards per popular vote to be created in the UK, Canada, France, Germany, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, and other nations.<ref>{{Cite news| url=http://www.cbc.ca/canada/calgary/story/2010/01/13/calgary-monopoly-boardwalk-bronconnier.html | work=CBC News | title=Calgary vies for Monopoly real estate | date=2010-01-13}}</ref>
Hasbro opened a new website in January 2008, for online voting of the ''Monopoly Here and Now: World Edition''. The colored property spaces are worldwide cities, as determined by the same vote/popularity formula as established for national editions.
In 2006, [[Winning Moves|Winning Moves Games]] released the ''[[Monopoly: The Mega Edition|Mega Edition]]'', with a 50% larger game board and revised game play. Other streets from Atlantic City (eight, one per a color group) were included, along with a third "utility", the Gas Company. In addition, $1,000 denomination notes (first seen in [[Winning Moves]]' ''Monopoly: The Card Game'') are included. Game play is further changed with bus tickets (allowing non-dice-roll movement along one side of the board), a speed die (itself adopted into variants of the ''Atlantic City Standard Edition''; see below), [[skyscraper]]s (after houses and hotels), and [[train depot]]s that can be placed on the Railroad spaces.
This edition was adapted for the UK market in 2007, and is sold by Winning Moves UK. After the initial US release, critiques of some of the rules caused the company to issue revisions and clarifications on their website.<ref>[http://www.winning-moves.com/974AC834972648769F406DE95E835622.asp?ccb_key=40FF53914D5847419F5568785926D205 Rules clarifications] for ''Monopoly: The Mega Edition''.</ref>
====''Monopoly Here and Now''====
In September 2006, the US edition of ''Monopoly Here and Now'' was released. This edition features top [[landmarks]] across the US. The properties were decided by votes over the Internet in the spring of 2006.
Monetary values are multiplied by 10,000 (e.g., one collects $2,000,000 instead of $200 for passing Go). Also, the Chance and Community Chest cards are updated. The houses and hotels are blue and silver, not green and red as in most editions of ''Monopoly''. The board uses the traditional US layout; the cheapest properties are purple, not brown, and the "luxury tax" (replaced with "interest on credit card debt") is $750,000, not $75. Despite the updated luxury tax space, this edition uses paper ''Monopoly'' money, and not an electronic banking unit like the ''Here and Now World Edition''. However, a similar edition of ''Monopoly'', the ''Electronic Banking'' edition, does feature an electronic banking unit, as well as a different set of tokens. Both ''Here and Now'' and ''Electronic Banking'' feature an updated set of tokens from the Atlantic City edition.
It is also notable that three states (California, Florida and Texas) are represented by two cities each (Los Angeles and San Francisco, Miami and Orlando, and Dallas and Houston respectively). No other state is represented by more than one city (not including the airports). One landmark, [[Texas Stadium]], has been demolished and no longer exists.
{{Clear}}
{{hidden
| style = border:1px solid silver; width: 100%;
| headerstyle = background: lightblue; font-size: 110%;
| contentstyle = text-align: center;
| header = Monopoly Here and Now: The US Edition
| content =
{{Monopoly board layout
|Edition =
|Banner = MONOPOLY<br>Here and Now:<br>The US Edition
|corner_1 = '''Go'''<br />Collect $2<small">M</small> salary as you pass
|corner_2 = In Jail/Just Visiting
|corner_3 = Free Parking
|corner_4 = Go To Jail
|spaces_horizontal = 9
|spaces_vertical = 9
|Color_101 = Indigo |Space_101 = Jacobs Field, Cleveland<br />$600<small">K</small>
|Color_102 = |Space_102 = Community Chest
|Color_103 = Indigo |Space_103 = Texas Stadium, Dallas<br />$600<small">K</small>
|Color_104 = |Space_104 = Income Tax<br />pay $2<small">M</small>
|Color_105 = |Space_105 = O'Hare Airport, Chicago<br />$2<small">M</small>
|Color_106 = SkyBlue |Space_106 = Grand Ole Opry, Nashville<br />$1<small">M</small>
|Color_107 = |Space_107 = Chance<div style="font:bold 16pt times new roman,serif;color:#c00;">?</div>
|Color_108 = SkyBlue |Space_108 = Gateway Arch, St. Louis<br />$1<small">M</small>
|Color_109 = SkyBlue |Space_109 = Mall of America, Minneapolis<br />$1.2<small">M</small>
|Color_110 = |Space_110 =
|Color_111 = |Space_111 =
|Color_112 = |Space_112 =
|Color_201 = |Space_201 =
|Color_202 = |Space_202 =
|Color_203 = |Space_203 =
|Color_204 = DarkOrchid |Space_204 = Centennial Olympic Park, Atlanta<br />$1.4<small">M</small>
|Color_205 = |Space_205 = Cell Phone Service<br />$1.5<small">M</small>
|Color_206 = DarkOrchid |Space_206 = Red Rocks Amphitheatre, Denver<br />$1.4<small">M</small>
|Color_207 = DarkOrchid |Space_207 = Liberty Bell, Philadelphia<br />$1.6<small">M</small>
|Color_208 = |Space_208 = Los Angeles International Airport<br />$2<small">M</small>
|Color_209 = Orange |Space_209 = South Beach, Miami<br />$1.8<small">M</small>
|Color_210 = |Space_210 = Community Chest
|Color_211 = Orange |Space_211 = Johnson Space Center, Houston<br />$1.8<small">M</small>
|Color_212 = Orange |Space_212 = Pioneer Square, Seattle<br />$2<small">M</small>
|Color_301 = Red |Space_301 = Camelback Mountains, Phoenix<br />$2.2<small">M</small>
|Color_302 = |Space_302 = Chance<div style="font:bold 16pt times new roman,serif;color:#1e55d5;">?</div>
|Color_303 = Red |Space_303 = Waikiki Beach, Honolulu<br />$2.2<small">M</small>
|Color_304 = Red |Space_304 = Disney World, Orlando<br />$2.4<small">M</small>
|Color_305 = |Space_305 = JFK Airport, New York City<br />$2<small">M</small>
|Color_306 = Yellow |Space_306 = French Quarter, New Orleans<br />$2.6<small">M</small>
|Color_307 = Yellow |Space_307 = Hollywood, Los Angeles<br />$2.6<small">M</small>
|Color_308 = |Space_308 = Internet Service<br />$1.5<small">M</small>
|Color_309 = Yellow |Space_309 = Golden Gate Bridge, San Francisco<br />$2.8<small">M</small>
|Color_310 = |Space_310 =
|Color_311 = |Space_311 =
|Color_312 = |Space_312 =
|Color_401 = Green |Space_401 = Las Vegas Blvd., Las Vegas<br />$3<small">M</small>
|Color_402 = Green |Space_402 = Wrigley Field, Chicago<br />$3<small">M</small>
|Color_403 = |Space_403 = Community Chest
|Color_404 = Green |Space_404 = White House, Washington<br />$3.2<small">M</small>
|Color_405 = |Space_405 = Atlanta International Airport<br />$2<small">M</small>
|Color_406 = |Space_406 = Chance<div style="font:bold 16pt times new roman,serif;color:#c00;">?</div>
|Color_407 = Blue |Space_407 = Fenway Park, Boston<br />$3.5<small">M</small>
|Color_408 = |Space_408 = Interest On Credit Card Debt<br />pay $750<small">K</small>
|Color_409 = Blue |Space_409 = Times Square, New York City<br />$4<small">M</small>
|Color_410 = |Space_410 =
|Color_411 = |Space_411 =
|Color_412 = |Space_412 =
}}
}}
====World editions====
In 1998, [[Winning Moves]] procured the ''Monopoly'' license from [[Hasbro]] and created new UK [[Licensed and localized editions of Monopoly|city and regional editions]] with sponsored squares.
[[Winning Moves]] struggled to raise the sponsorship deals for the game boards, but did so eventually.{{Citation needed|date=September 2010}} A [[Nottingham]] Graphic Design agency, TMA, produced the visual design of the ''Monopoly'' packaging. Initially, in December 1998, the game was sold in just a few [[W H Smith|WHSmith]] stores, but demand was high, with almost fifty thousand games shipped in the 4 weeks leading up to Christmas. [[Winning Moves]] still produces new [[Licensed and localized editions of Monopoly|city and regional editions]] annually. Nottingham based designers [http://www.guppimedia.com Guppi] have been responsible for the games' visual design since 2001.
=====''Monopoly Here and Now: The World Edition''=====
{{Infobox game
| title = Monopoly Here and Now: The World Edition
| subtitle =
| image_link =<!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:HereNowMonopoly Box.jpg|200px]] -->
| image_caption = The ''Monopoly Here and Now: The World Edition'' Game Box
| designer =
| illustrator =
| publisher = [[Parker Brothers]]
| players = 2–6
| setup_time = 5–15 minutes
| playing_time = About 1.5 hours
| complexity = Medium
| strategy = Medium
| random_chance = High ([[Dice|dice rolling]], card drawing)
| skills = Negotiation, Basic Resource management
| footnotes =
| bggid =
| bggxrefs =
}}
In 2008, Hasbro released ''Monopoly Here and Now: The World Edition''. This world edition features top locations of the world. The locations were decided by votes over the Internet. The result of the voting was announced on August 20, 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20080820/monopoly_cities_080820 |title=Montreal top property in new ''Monopoly'' game - CTV.ca. Retrieved 2008/08/20 01:14PM UTC |publisher=Ctv.ca |date=2008-08-20 |accessdate=2009-06-10}}</ref>
Out of these, [[Gdynia]] is especially notable, as it is by far the smallest city of those featured and won the vote thanks to a spontaneous, large-scale mobilization of support started by its citizens. The new game uses its own currency unit, the [[Sennacia banko|MMono]] (a game-based take on the [[Euro]]; designated by '''<s>M</s>'''). The game uses said unit in millions and thousands. As seen above, there is no dark purple color-group, as that is replaced by brown, as in the European version of the game.
It is also notable that three cities ([[Montreal]], [[Toronto]], and [[Vancouver]]) are from [[Canada]] and three other cities (Beijing, Hong Kong, and Shanghai) are from [[People's Republic of China]]. No other countries are represented by more than one city.
Of the 68 cities listed on Hasbro Inc.’s website for the vote, [[Jerusalem]], was chosen as one of the 20 cities to be featured in the newest ''Monopoly'' World Edition.<ref name="MSNBC">[http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/23281286/ ''Monopoly'' Contest Stirs Up Jerusalem Conflict], Associated Press, published February 21, 2008.</ref> Before the vote took place, a Hasbro employee in the [[London]] office eliminated the country signifier “[[Israel]]” after the city, in response to pressure from pro-[[Palestinian people|Palestinian]] [[advocacy group]]s.<ref name="Blog">[http://blogs.dailymail.com/donsurber/2008/02/23/monopoly-jihad/ ''Monopoly'' Jihad], Dailymail Blog, published February 23, 2008.</ref> After the Israeli government protested, Hasbro Inc. issued a statement that read: “It was a bad decision, one that we rectified relatively quickly. This is a game. We never wanted to enter into any political debate. We apologize to our ''Monopoly'' fans.”<ref name="MSNBC" />
{{Clear}}
{{hidden
| style = border:1px solid silver; width: 100%;
| headerstyle = background: lightblue; font-size: 110%;
| contentstyle = text-align: center;
| header = Monopoly Here and Now: The World Edition (2008)
| content =
{{Monopoly board layout
|Edition =
|Banner = MONOPOLY<br>Here and Now:<br>The World Edition
|corner_1 = '''Go'''<br />Collect <s>M</s>2<small">M</small> salary as you pass
|corner_2 = In Jail/Just Visiting
|corner_3 = Free Parking
|corner_4 = Go To Jail
|spaces_horizontal = 9
|spaces_vertical = 9
|Color_101 = SaddleBrown |Space_101 = [[Gdynia]]<br /><s>M</s>600<small">K</small>
|Color_102 = |Space_102 = Community Chest
|Color_103 = SaddleBrown |Space_103 = [[Taipei]]<br /><s>M</s>600<small">K</small>
|Color_104 = |Space_104 = Income Tax<br />pay <s>M</s>2<small">M</small>
|Color_105 = |Space_105 = ''Monopoly'' Rail<br /><s>M</s>2<small">M</small>
|Color_106 = SkyBlue |Space_106 = [[Tokyo]]<br /><s>M</s>1<small">M</small>
|Color_107 = |Space_107 = Chance<div style="font:bold 16pt times new roman,serif;color:#c00;">?</div>
|Color_108 = SkyBlue |Space_108 = [[Barcelona]]<br /><s>M</s>1<small">M</small>
|Color_109 = SkyBlue |Space_109 = [[Athens]]<br /><s>M</s>1.2<small">M</small>
|Color_110 = |Space_110 =
|Color_111 = |Space_111 =
|Color_112 = |Space_112 =
|Color_201 = |Space_201 =
|Color_202 = |Space_202 =
|Color_203 = |Space_203 =
|Color_204 = DarkOrchid |Space_204 = [[Istanbul]]<br /><s>M</s>1.4<small">M</small>
|Color_205 = |Space_205 = [[Solar Energy]]<br /><s>M</s>1.5<small">M</small>
|Color_206 = DarkOrchid |Space_206 = [[Kiev]]<br /><s>M</s>1.4<small">M</small>
|Color_207 = DarkOrchid |Space_207 = [[Toronto]]<br /><s>M</s>1.6<small">M</small>
|Color_208 = |Space_208 = ''Monopoly'' Air<br /><s>M</s>2<small">M</small>
|Color_209 = Orange |Space_209 = [[Rome]]<br /><s>M</s>1.8<small">M</small>
|Color_210 = |Space_210 = Community Chest
|Color_211 = Orange |Space_211 = [[Shanghai]]<br /><s>M</s>1.8<small">M</small>
|Color_212 = Orange |Space_212 = [[Vancouver]]<br /><s>M</s>2<small">M</small>
|Color_301 = Red |Space_301 = [[Sydney]]<br /><s>M</s>2.2<small">M</small>
|Color_302 = |Space_302 = Chance<div style="font:bold 16pt times new roman,serif;color:#1e55d5;">?</div>
|Color_303 = Red |Space_303 = [[New York]]<br /><s>M</s>2.2<small">M</small>
|Color_304 = Red |Space_304 = [[London]]<br /><s>M</s>2.4<small">M</small>
|Color_305 = |Space_305 = ''Monopoly'' Cruise<br /><s>M</s>2<small">M</small>
|Color_306 = Yellow |Space_306 = [[Beijing]]<br /><s>M</s>2.6<small">M</small>
|Color_307 = Yellow |Space_307 = [[Hong Kong]]<br /><s>M</s>2.6<small">M</small>
|Color_308 = |Space_308 = [[Wind power|Wind Energy]]<br /><s>M</s>1.5<small">M</small>
|Color_309 = Yellow |Space_309 = [[Jerusalem]]<br /><s>M</s>2.8<small">M</small>
|Color_310 = |Space_310 =
|Color_311 = |Space_311 =
|Color_312 = |Space_312 =
|Color_401 = Green |Space_401 = [[Paris]]<br /><s>M</s>3<small">M</small>
|Color_402 = Green |Space_402 = [[Belgrade]]<br /><s>M</s>3<small">M</small>
|Color_403 = |Space_403 = Community Chest
|Color_404 = Green |Space_404 = [[Cape Town]]<br /><s>M</s>3.2<small">M</small>
|Color_405 = |Space_405 = ''Monopoly'' Space<br /><s>M</s>2<small">M</small>
|Color_406 = |Space_406 = Chance<div style="font:bold 16pt times new roman,serif;color:#c00;">?</div>
|Color_407 = Blue |Space_407 = [[Riga]]<br /><s>M</s>3.5<small">M</small>
|Color_408 = |Space_408 = Super Tax<br />pay <s>M</s>1<small">M</small>
|Color_409 = Blue |Space_409 = [[Montreal]]<br /><s>M</s>4<small">M</small>
|Color_410 = |Space_410 =
|Color_411 = |Space_411 =
|Color_412 = |Space_412 =
}}
}}
==World Championship==
Hasbro conducts a worldwide ''Monopoly'' tournament. The first ''Monopoly'' World Championships took place in [[Grossinger's Resort]] in New York, in November 1973. It has been aired in the [[United States]] by [[ESPN360|ESPN]]. The current world champion is Bjørn Halvard Knappskog who won the title in Las Vegas, Nevada on 22 October 2009. 41 players competed for the title of Monopoly World Champion and a cash prize of $20,580 USD, which is the total amount of 'Monopoly money' in the current Monopoly set used in the tournament.<ref>{{Cite news| url=http://www.news.com.au/story/0,27574,26249271-23109,00.html | work=AFP | title=Norwegian teen wins Monopoly world championship | date=2009-10-23}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldofmonopoly.com/ |title=World of MONOPOLY.com |publisher=World of MONOPOLY.com |date= |accessdate=2011-04-12}}</ref>
==List of World Champions==
{| class="wikitable"
|- bgcolor="#efefef"
!Date
!Location
!Winner
!Nationality
|-
|[[1973 in sports|1973]]
|[[New York]]
|* Lee Bayrd
|{{USA}}
|-
|[[1975 in sports|1975]]
|[[Washington D.C]]
|John Mair
|{{IRL}}
|-
|[[1977 in sports|1977]]
|[[Monte Carlo]]
|Cheng Seng Kwa
|{{SIN}}
|-
|[[1980 in sports|1980]]
|[[Bermuda]]
|Cesare Bernabei
|{{ITA}}
|-
|[[1983 in sports|1983]]
|[[Palm Beach, FL]]
|Greg Jacobs
|{{NZ}}
|-
|[[1985 in sports|1985]]
|[[Atlantic City, NJ]]
|Jason Bunn
|{{UK}}
|-
|[[1988 in sports|1988]]
|[[London]]
|Ikuo Hyakuta
|{{JAP}}
|-
|[[1992 in sports|1992]]
|[[Berlin]]
|Joost van Orten
|{{NED}}
|-
|[[1995 in sports|1995]]
|[[Monte Carlo]]
|Christopher Woo
|{{HKG}}
|-
|[[2000 in sports|2000]]
|[[Toronto]]
|Yutaka Okada
|{{JAP}}
|-
|[[2004 in sports|2004]]
|[[Tokyo]]
|Antonio Fernandez
|{{ESP}}
|-
|[[2009 in sports|2009]]
|[[Las Vegas metropolitan area|Las Vegas]]
|Bjørn Halvard Knappskog
|{{NOR}}
|-
|}
(*) Due to the championships only being held between players from the USA and Britain <ref>http://www.monopolycollector.com/zfacts.html</ref>, Lee Bayrd was arguably not a true world champion. See [[History_of_the_board_game_Monopoly|the history]] for further information.
==Equipment==
{{See also|Monopoly money}}
[[Image:US Deluxe Monopoly Tokens.jpg|thumb|220px|left|All twelve tokens from the U.S. ''Deluxe Edition Monopoly''.]]
Each player is represented by a small metal token that is moved around the edge of the board according to the roll of two [[dice]]. The twelve playing pieces currently used are pictured at left (from left to right): a [[wheelbarrow]] (1937b edition), a [[battleship]], a [[sack of money]] (1999–2007 editions), a [[cavalry|man on horseback]], a [[automobile|car]] (racecar), a [[train]] (Deluxe Edition only), a [[thimble]], a [[howitzer]] better known as a cannon, an old style [[shoe]] or boot, a [[Scottish terrier|Scottie dog]], an [[ironing|iron]], and a [[top hat]].
Many of the tokens were created by companies such as Dowst Miniature Toy Company, which made metal charms and tokens designed to be used on charm bracelets. The battleship and cannon were also used briefly in the Parker Brothers war game ''[[Conflict (board game)|Conflict]]'' (released in 1940), but after the game failed on the market, the premade pieces were recycled into ''Monopoly'' usage.<ref>''Passing Go: Early Monopoly 1933–1937'' by "Clarence B. Darwin" (pseudonym for David Sadowski). First edition, revised, pp. 207-208. Folkopoly Press, River Forest, IL.</ref> Hasbro recently adopted the battleship and cannon for ''[[Diplomacy (game)|Diplomacy]]''.
Early localized editions of the standard edition (including some Canadian editions, which used the U.S. board layout) did not include pewter tokens but instead had generic wooden pawns identical to those in ''[[Sorry! (game)|Sorry!]]''.<ref>''Passing Go: Early Monopoly 1933–1937'' by "Clarence B. Darwin" (pseudonym for David Sadowski). First edition, revised, p. 206. Folkopoly Press, River Forest, IL</ref> [[Parker Brothers]] also acquired ''Sorry!'' in the 1930s.
{{Clear}}
Other items included in the standard edition are:
[[Image:Monopoly spinner.jpg|right|thumb|During [[World War II]], the dice in [[United Kingdom|the United Kingdom]] were replaced with a spinner because of a lack of materials.]]
* A pair of six-sided [[dice]]. (NOTE: Since 2007, a third "Speed Die" has been added for variation—see ADD-ONS below.)
* A [[deed|Title Deed]] for each property. A Title Deed is given to a player to signify ownership, and specifies purchase price, [[Mortgage law|mortgage]] value, the cost of building [[house]]s and [[hotel]]s on that property, and the various [[renting|rent]] prices depending on how developed the property is. Properties include:
** 22 streets, divided into 8 color groups of two or three streets. A player must own all of a color group (commonly mistaken for being called a monopoly) in order to build houses or hotels. If a player wants to mortgage one property of a color-group, not only must any houses or hotels be removed from that property, but from the others in the color-group as well.
** 4 [[rail transport|railway]]s. Players collect $25 rent if they own one station, $50 if they own two, $100 if they own three and $200 if they own all four. These are usually replaced by railway stations in non-U.S. editions of Monopoly.
** 2 [[public utility|utilities]]. Rent is four times dice value if player owns one utility, but 10 times dice value if player owns both. Hotels and houses cannot be built on utilities or stations.
* A supply of [[Monopoly money|paper money]]. The supply of money is theoretically unlimited; if the bank runs out of money the players must make do with other markers, or calculate on paper. Additional paper money can be bought at certain locations, notably game and hobby stores, or downloaded from various websites and printed and cut by hand (one such site has created a $1,000 bill for the game; it is not one of the standard denominations). In the original U.S. standard editions, the supply generally starts with $15,140. The winner of the quadrennial ''Monopoly'' World Championship receives the same amount in [[United States dollar]]s.<ref>[http://www.hasbro.com/monopoly/pl/page.tokyo/dn/default.cfm Details of the 2004 Monopoly World Championship, held in Tokyo.]{{Dead link|date=June 2009}}</ref> [NOTE: This base money amount has changed—see below.]
* 32 wooden or plastic houses and 12 wooden or plastic hotels (the original and the current ''Deluxe Edition'' have wooden houses and hotels; the current "base set" uses plastic buildings). Unlike money, houses and hotels have a finite supply. If no more are available, no substitute is allowed.
* A deck of 16 [[Chance and Community Chest cards|Chance cards]] and a deck of 16 [[Chance and Community Chest cards|Community Chest cards]]. Players draw these cards when they land on the corresponding squares of the track, and follow the instructions printed on them.
Hasbro also sells a ''Deluxe Edition'', which is mostly identical to the classic edition but has wooden houses and hotels and gold-toned tokens, including one token in addition to the standard eleven, a [[rail transport|railroad]] [[locomotive]]. Other additions to the ''Deluxe Edition'' include a card carousel, which holds the title deed cards, and money printed with two colors of ink.
In 1978, retailer [[Neiman Marcus]] manufactured and sold an all-chocolate edition of ''Monopoly'' through its [[Neiman Marcus#"His and Hers" & "Fantasy" gifts|"Christmas Wish Book"]] for that year. The entire set was edible, including the money, dice, hotels, properties, tokens and playing board. The set retailed for $600.<ref>{{Cite book| author=[[Philip Orbanes|Orbanes, Philip]] | title=The Monopoly Companion | edition=First edition | publisher=Bob Adams, Inc. | year=1988 | page=20 | isbn=1-55850-950-X}}</ref>
In 2000, the [[FAO Schwarz]] store in New York City sold a custom version called ''One-Of-A-Kind Monopoly'' for $100,000.<ref>[http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EIN/is_2000_Sept_19/ai_65295755/pg_3 Archived article] from ''Business Wire'', stored at Findarticles.com. Retrieved 1 January 2006.</ref> This special edition comes in a locking [[briefcase|attaché case]] made with Napolino leather and lined in suede, and features include:
*18-[[carat (purity)|carat]] (75%) [[gold]] tokens, houses, and hotels
*[[Rosewood]] board
*street names written in [[gold leaf]]
*emeralds around the Chance icon
*sapphires around the Community Chest
*rubies in the brake lights of the car on the Free Parking Space
*the money is real, negotiable United States currency
The Guinness Book of World Records states that a set worth $2,000,000 and made of 23-carat gold, with rubies and sapphires atop the chimneys of the houses and hotels, is the most expensive ''Monopoly'' set ever produced.<ref>[http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/content_pages/record.asp?recordid=43436 Most Expensive ''Monopoly'' Set world record.]{{Dead link|date=June 2009}}</ref> This set was designed by artist [[Sidney Mobell]] to honor the game's 50th anniversary in 1985.
The distribution of cash in the U.S. version has changed with the newer release versions. Older versions had a total of '''$15,140''' in the following amounts/colors:
*20 $500 bills (orange)
*20 $100 bills (beige)
*30 $50 bills (blue)
*50 $20 bills (green)
*40 $10 bills (yellow)
*40 $5 bills (pink)
*40 $1 bills (white)
The newer (September 2008) editions have a total of '''$20,580''', with 30 of each bill denomination. In addition, the colors of some of the bills have been changed; $10s are now blue instead of yellow, $20s are a brighter color green than before, and $50s are now purple instead of blue.
Each player begins the game with his or her token on the Go square, and $1,500 (or 1,500 of a localized currency) in play money. Prior to September 2008, the money was divided as follows in the U.S. standard rules:
*Two each of:
**$500 bills
**$100 bills
**$50 bills
*Six $20 bills
*Five each of:
**$10 bills
**$5 bills
**$1 bills
Since then, the US version has taken on the British version's initial cash distributions of:
* Two x $/£500
* Four x $/£100
* One x $/£50
* One x $/£20
* Two x $/£10
* One x $/£5
* Five x $/£1
Pre-Euro German editions of the game started with 30,000 "Spielmark" in eight denominations (abbreviated as "M."), and later used seven denominations of the "Deutsche Mark" ("DM."). In the classic Italian game, each player receives ₤350,000 ($3500) in a two-player game, but ₤50,000 ($500) less for each player more than two. Only in a six-player game does a player receive the equivalent of $1,500. The classic Italian games were played with only four denominations of currency. Both Spanish editions (the Barcelona and Madrid editions) started the game with 150,000 in play money, with a breakdown identical to that of the American version.
All property deeds, houses, and hotels are held by the bank until bought by the players.
==Rules {{anchor|Official rules}}==
Players take turns in order, with the initial player determined by chance before the game. A typical turn begins with the rolling of the dice and advancing their piece clockwise around the board the corresponding number of squares.
If a player lands on Chance or Community Chest, they draw the top card from the respective pile and obey its instructions. If the player lands on an unowned property, whether street, railroad, or utility, he can buy the property for its listed purchase price. If he declines this purchase, the property is auctioned off by the bank to the highest bidder. If the property landed on is already owned and unmortgaged, he must pay the owner a given rent, the price dependent on whether the property is part of a set or its level of development. If a player rolls doubles, he rolls again after completing his turn. Three sets of doubles in a row, however, land the player in jail.
If a player is in jail, he does not take a normal turn, and may either pay to be released from jail, or attempt to roll doubles on the dice. If a player fails to roll doubles, he misses his turn. While a player is in jail, he can still buy and sell property and buildings, and collect rents.
During a player's turn, that player may also choose to develop properties, if the player has a "monopoly" of ownership of that property's color. Development involves the construction of houses or hotels on properties, for given amounts of money paid to the bank, and is tracked on the board by adding plastic houses and hotels to the square. Development must be uniform across a monopoly, such that a second house cannot be built on one property in a monopoly until the others have one house. Properties can also be mortgaged, although all developments on a monopoly must be sold before any property of that color can be mortgaged or traded. The player receives money from the bank for each mortgaged property, which must be repaid with interest to unmortgage. Houses are returned to the bank for half their purchase price. Property may not be given away to another player.
When all players but one have gone bankrupt, the game ends with the non-bankrupt player as the winner.<ref>http://www.hasbro.com/common/instruct/monins.pdf</ref>
===House rules===
Parker Brothers' official instructions have long encouraged the use of [[house rules]], specific additions to or subtractions from the official rule sets. Many casual ''Monopoly'' players are surprised to discover that some of the rules that they are used to are ''not'' part of the official rules. Many of these house rules tend to make the game longer by randomly giving players more money. Some common house rules are listed below:
* No Auctions: Should a player choose not to buy an unowned property they landed on, no auction is held, and the turn passes to the next player. This lengthens the game by increasing the amount of time necessary for all properties to be bought and developed, and by reducing the speed at which money is exchanged.
* Free Parking jackpot, which usually consists of an initial stake (typically $500, or $5 million in the Here and Now Edition) plus collections of fines and taxes otherwise paid to the bank. A player who lands on Free Parking wins the jackpot, which may then be reset with the initial stake (if any). The jackpot is usually put in the center of the board. Since the jackpot forms an additional income for players in this set of house rules, games can take a much longer time than under normal rules.<ref name="Companion2">{{Cite book| author=[[Philip Orbanes|Orbanes, Philip]] | title=The Monopoly Companion: The Players Guide | edition=Second edition | publisher=Adams Media Corporation | year=1999 | isbn=1-58062-175-9 | pages=140–142}}</ref>
* A bonus for landing directly on Go by dice roll (commonly an additional $200 or $500). This may or may not include cards that send the player to Go.<ref name="Companion2"/>
* A bonus for rolling [[snake eyes]] (a pair of ones), often $500, $100, or $686 (which is one of each bill used in the game.)<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.bellaonline.com/articles/art28123.asp
| title = Monopoly House Rules and Variations
| accessdate = 2006-10-03
| last = Romer
| first = Megan
| year = 2006
| language = [[English language|English]]
}}</ref>
* In trades, players may offer "rent immunity" from their own properties (someone does not have to pay rent for landing on that property) as part of a deal (this can be good for a certain number of landings or the entire game).<ref name="Companion2"/>
* In the Monopoly City game, if someone lands on the chance space and draws the "Steal" card that allows them to steal a district from another player, the Steal card may be played right away or kept to be played later in the game. The player may also decide to attach a fee to this card if kept and played at a later time (e.g. $10,000,000 plus current rent value of stolen district is due when card is played at a later time).
House rules, while unofficial, are not wholly unrecognized by Parker Brothers. George S. Parker himself created two variants, to shorten the length of game play.{{Clarify|date=February 2009}} Video game and computer game versions of ''Monopoly'' have options where popular house rules can be used. House rules that have the effect of randomly introducing more money into the game have a side-effect of increasing the time it takes for players to become bankrupt, lengthening the game considerably, as well as decreasing the effects of strategy and prudent investment. House rules that increase the amount of money in the game may change the strategies of the players, such as changing the relative value of different properties- the more money in the game, the more one may wish to invest in the higher value properties.
==Strategy==
According to Jim Slater in ''[[The Mayfair Set]]'', the Orange property group is the best to own because players land on them more often, as a result of the Chance cards ''Go to Jail'', ''Advance to St. Charles Place (Pall Mall)'', ''Advance to Reading Railroad (King's Cross Station)'' and ''Go Back Three Spaces''.<ref>[http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-3430687402656753140&q=The+Mayfair+Set+duration%3Along&total=5&start=0&num=30&so=0&type=search&plindex=1 Google Video] The Mayfair Set - Episode Two (Adam Curtis, BBC), 44:30-45:55</ref>
In all, during game play, Illinois Avenue (Trafalgar Square), New York Avenue (Vine Street), B&O Railroad (Fenchurch Street Station), and Reading Railroad (King's Cross Station) are the most frequently landed-upon properties. Mediterranean Avenue (Old Kent Road) and Baltic Avenue (Whitechapel Road) are the least-landed-upon properties.<ref>{{cite web| author=Truman Collins| first=Truman| last=Collins| url=http://www.tkcs-collins.com/truman/monopoly/monopoly.shtml| title=Monopoly Square Probabilities| year=1997| accessdate=2006-05-28}}; the page includes detailed analyses of expected income from each property and discussion of the strategic implications.</ref>
===The end game===
One common criticism of ''Monopoly'' is that it has carefully defined, yet almost unreachable, termination conditions. Edward P. Parker, a former president of [[Parker Brothers]], is quoted as saying, "We always felt that forty-five minutes was about the right length for a game, but ''Monopoly'' could go on for hours. Also, a game was supposed to have a definite end somewhere. In ''Monopoly'' you kept going around and around."<ref>{{Cite book|author=[[Gyles Brandreth|Brandreth, Gyles]]|title=The Monopoly Omnibus|edition=First hardcover edition|year=1985|publisher=Willow Books|isbn=0-00-218166-5|page=19}}</ref> However, the problem of time can be resolved by playing with a time limit and counting each player's net worth when the time is up. In fact, tournament play calls for a 90-minute time limit.<ref>[http://www.hasbro.com/games/kid-games/monopoly/content/News/PDF/tournament_guide.pdf US Tournament Guide], PDF file.</ref> Two hour time limits are used for international play.<ref>[http://www.hasbro.com/monopoly/2003tourneyrules.pdf Tournament rules for Canada], from 2003. PDF file.</ref> The [[List of licensed Monopoly game boards#L|Lord of the Rings]] edition gives players the option of creating a random time limit using the included [[One Ring]] token and specialized dice. The [[List of licensed Monopoly game boards#S|SpongeBob SquarePants]] game board includes a Plankton piece that moves every time someone rolls a 1 with the dice (if a player rolls two 1s, the Plankton piece moves two spaces), and the game is over when it reaches the end of the board.
Hasbro states that the longest game of ''Monopoly'' ever played lasted 1,680 hours (70 days or 10 weeks or 2 1/3 months).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hasbro.com/monopoly/en_US/discover/75-Years-Young.cfm |title="Fun Facts" page at Monopoly.com |publisher=Hasbro.com |date=2009-02-13 |accessdate=2011-04-12}}</ref>
==Add-ons==
Numerous add-ons have been made for ''Monopoly'', both before its commercialization and after. Three such official add-ons are discussed below.
===Stock Exchange===
The [http://monopoly.cdbpdx.com/StEx/ original] ''Stock Exchange'' add-on was published by Capitol Novelty Co. of Rensselaer, NY in early 1936. It was marketed as an add-on for Monopoly, Finance, or Easy Money games. Shortly after Capitol Novelty introduced Stock Exchange, Parker Brothers bought it from them then marketed their own slightly redesigned version as an add-on specifically for their 'new' Monopoly game and it is known that the Parker Brothers version was available in June, 1936.<ref>[[wikibooks:Monopoly/Stock Exchange|wikibook link to Stock Exchange]]</ref> The Free Parking square is covered over by a new Stock Exchange space and the add-on included three Chance and three Community Chest cards directing the player to "Advance to Stock Exchange".
The add-on also included thirty stock certificates, five for each of the six different stocks, differing only in the purchase price (or Par Value), ranging from $100 to $150. Shares, like properties, are tradeable material, and could also be mortgaged for half their purchase price. Shareholders could increase the value of their shares by buying up more of the same company's shares.
When a player moves onto Free Parking/Stock Exchange, stock dividends are paid out to all players on their non-mortgaged shares. The amount to be paid out to each player is determined based on the number and kind of shares owned. Specifically, a player receives dividends from each stock based on the following formula:
: (par value of share / 10) × (number of shares owned)<sup>2</sup>
'''''Example:''' Owning one share of "Motion Pictures" (par value $100) pays dividends of $10. Owning two shares pays $40 ($10 x 2<sup>2</sup>), owning three pays $90 ($10 x 3<sup>2</sup>) and owning four pays $160 ($10 x 4<sup>2</sup>). A player owning all five receives $250 ($10 x 5<sup>2</sup>).''
The player who lands on Free Parking/Stock Exchange can also choose to buy a share if any remain. Should the player decline, the share is auctioned to the highest bidder by the Bank.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.hasbro.com/common/instruct/StockExchangegame.pdf |format=PDF|title=Stock Exchange rules (1936) |publisher=Hasbro| accessdate=2008-11-12}}</ref>
The ''Stock Exchange'' add-on serves to inject more money into the game, in a similar manner to railroad properties, as well as changing the relative values of properties. In particular, the Red and Yellow properties are more valuable due to the increased chance of landing on Free Parking.
The ''Stock Exchange'' add-on was later redesigned and rereleased in 1992 under license by Chessex, this time including a larger number of new Chance and Community Chest cards.<ref>[http://www.boardgamegeek.com/game/9466 BoardGameGeek.com page] for the original ''Monopoly Stock Exchange'' add-on. Retrieved 1 January 2006.</ref> This version included ten new Chance cards (five "Advance to Stock Exchange" and five other related cards) and eleven new Community Chest cards (five "Advance to Stock Exchange" and six other related cards; the regular Community Chest card "From sale of stock you get $45" is removed from play when using these cards). Many of the original rules applied to this new version (in fact, one optional play choice allows for playing in the original form by only adding the "Advance to Stock Exchange" cards to each deck).
A ''Monopoly Stock Exchange Edition'' was released in 2001 (although not in the US), this time adding an electronic calculator-like device to keep track of the complex stock figures. This was a full edition, not just an add-on, that came with its own board, money and playing pieces. Properties on the board were replaced by companies on which shares could be floated, and offices and home offices (instead of houses and hotels) could be built.<ref>[http://www.boardgamegeek.com/game/3065 BoardGameGeek.com page] for the ''Monopoly Stock Exchange'' edition that came with a specialized calculator. Retrieved 1 January 2006.</ref>
===Playmaster===
''Playmaster'', another official add-on, released in 1982, was an electronic device that kept track of all player movement and dice rolls as well as what properties are still available. It then uses this information to call random auctions and mortgages that are advantageous for some players and a punishment for others, making it easier to free up cards of a color group. It also plays eight short tunes when key game functions occur; for example when a player lands on a railroad it plays ''[[I've Been Working on the Railroad]]''.<ref>[http://www.boardgamegeek.com/game/5638 BoardGameGeek.com page] for the ''Monopoly'' Playmaster electronic accessory. Retrieved 1 January 2006.</ref>
===Speed Die===
In 2007, Parker Brothers began releasing its standard version of ''Monopoly'' with a new addition to gameplay—the '''Speed Die'''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hasbro.com/common/instruct/00009.pdf |title=Speed die instruction manual from Hasbro |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=2011-04-12}}</ref> First included in Winning Moves' ''[[Monopoly: The Mega Edition]]'' variant, this third die alters gameplay by allowing players to increase their move up to 3 spaces (rolling one of the 3 numbered sides); move immediately to the next unowned property OR to the next property on which they would owe money (rolling one of 2 "Mr. Monopoly" sides); "Get Off The Bus Early" (rolling the "Bus" side), allowing the player the option to use the total of just one die to move (i.e. A roll of 1-5-BUS would let the player choose from moving 1, 5 or 6 spaces); or even move directly to any space on the board (rolling a triple—all three dice showing the same 1, 2, or 3). The unofficial "Nutmeg" Speed Die innovation, developed and play tested in February 2011, enables players to direct the Bank to seize opponent properties using the power of eminent domain in limited circumstances.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://monopolyhorizons.blogspot.com/2011/02/nutmeg-speed-die-innovation.html |title=Nutmeg Speed Die Innovation," ''Monopoly Horizons'' weblog entry, February 25, 2011.|accessdate=2011-02-26}}</ref> Usage of the die in the regular game differs slightly from use in the ''Mega Edition'' (i.e. Players use the Speed Die from the beginning in ''Mega''; players can only use the Speed Die in the regular game AFTER their first time going past GO).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hasbro.com/objects/products/print.cfm?product_id=19668 |title=entry for the new Speed Die Variant Edition |publisher=Hasbro.com |date= |accessdate=2009-06-10}}</ref>
==Spinoffs==
===Other games===
Besides the many variants of the actual game (and the [[Monopoly Junior]] spin-off) released in either video game or computer game formats (e.g. [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]]-based [[Personal computer|PC]], [[Macintosh]], [[Game Boy]], [[Super Nintendo]], [[Game Boy Advance]], [[Satellaview]], [[Sega Mega Drive|Sega Genesis]], [[Commodore 64]], etc.), two spin-off computer games have been created.<ref name=WEB-AR1>{{cite web
| title =Monopoly for GEN
| publisher = GameSpot
|year=2006
| url =http://www.gamespot.com/genesis/puzzle/monopoly/index.html
| accessdate = 2006-12-23 }}</ref>
Parker Brothers and its licensees have also sold several spin-offs of ''Monopoly''. These are not add-ons, as they do not function as an addition to the ''Monopoly'' game, but are simply additional games in the flavor of ''Monopoly''.
* ''[[Monopoly Junior]]'' board game: A simplified version of the original game for young children.
* ''[[Advance to Boardwalk]]'' board game: Focusing mainly on building the most hotels along the Boardwalk.
* ''[[Express Monopoly]]'' card game: Released by Hasbro/Parker Brothers and Waddingtons in the UK in the 1990s, now out of print. Basically a rummy-style card game based on scoring points by completing color group sections of the game board.
* ''[[Monopoly: The Card Game]]'': an updated card game released by [[Winning Moves|Winning Moves Games]] under license from Hasbro. Similar, but decidedly more complex, gameplay to the ''Express Monopoly'' card game.
* ''[[Free Parking]]'' card game: A more complex card game released by Parker Brothers, with several similarities to the card game ''[[Mille Bornes]]''. Uses cards to either add time to parking meters, or spend the time doing activities to earn points. Includes a deck of Second Chance cards that further alter gameplay. Two editions were made; minor differences in card art and Second Chance cards in each edition.
* ''[[Waterworks (card game)|Water Works]]'' card game: Players race to be the first to complete a continuous, leak-free pipeline that connects their valve card to their spout card.
* ''[[Monopoly Deal]]'': The most recent card game version of ''Monopoly''. Players attempt to complete three property groups by playing property, cash & event cards.<ref>[http://www.boardgamegeek.com/boardgame/40398 BoardGameGeek.com page] on ''Monopoly Deal''</ref>
* ''[[Don't Go to Jail]]'': Dice Game originally released by Parker Brothers; roll combinations of dice to create color groups for points before rolling the words "GO" "TO" and "JAIL" (which forfeits all earned points for the turn).
* ''[[Don't Go to Jail|Monopoly Express]]'': A deluxe, travel edition re-release of ''Don't Go To Jail'', replacing the word dice with "Officer Jones" dice and adding an eleventh die, Houses & Hotels, and a self-contained game container/dice roller & keeper.<ref>[http://hasbro.com/default.cfm?page=ps_results&product_id=20408 Hasbro.com entry on MONOPOLY EXPRESS]{{Dead link|date=June 2009}}</ref>
* ''Monopoly Express Casino'': A gambling-themed version of the above game, that adds wagering to the gameplay.
* ''Here and Now Electronic Edition'': Eliminates the need for money, using credit cards instead.
* ''Here and Now: The World Edition'': Same as above, but based on the whole world (thus needing to use "Monopoly Dollars"), also available in a tin.
* ''[[Monopoly City]]'': Gameplay retains similar flavour but has been made significantly more complex in this version. The traditional properties are replaced by “districts” mapped to the previously underutilised real estate in the centre of the board. Once owned by a player a district may be developed with up to eight blocks of residential or industrial buildings. Possession of a complete colour suite is not required to build but the number of blocks that may be built during any turn is limited to 1, 2 or 3 by the outcome of a button press to a battery powered gadget (and by the amount of cash to hand). A skyscraper may be built when a full colour suite is owned, doubling the rent payable for all districts of that colour. Even better is the “Monopoly Tower”. The gadget may also allow the building of a station, now the only building that may occupy a district’s colour bar. Once two stations have been built a player landing in a district with a station may choose to end their move at another station. The gadget also times auctions of unowned property initiated by landing upon an auction square. Chance cards remain (and must be stacked off – board) but railroad squares have been replaced by four planning permission spaces. Each of these offers binary choice to build anywhere either a specified hazard (prison, sewage plant, rubbish dump, power station) that makes an opponent’s residential blocks unrentable, or a bonus building (school, park, windfarm, watertower) that prevents placement of a hazard in that district.
* ''[[U-Build Monopoly]]'': A variant of ''Monopoly City'' using separate game tiles that allow for construction of custom game board configurations.
* ''[[Monopoly City Streets]]'': An online version, using [[Google Maps]] and [[Open Street Map]].
===Game show versions===
{{Main|Monopoly (game show)}}
A short-lived ''Monopoly'' [[game show]] aired on Saturday evenings from June 16 to September 1, 1990 on [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]]. The show was produced by [[Merv Griffin]] and hosted by [[Mike Reilly (television personality)|Mike Reilly]]. The show was paired with a summer-long ''[[Super Jeopardy!]]'' tournament, which also aired during this period on ABC.
Three contestants competed by answering crossword puzzle-style clues to acquire properties and earn money in attempt to build monopolies. After the properties were acquired, players used the money earned to improve them with houses and hotels that would further increase the value of questions when those properties were landed upon. The player with the most money at the end of the game won and played the bonus round for a chance to win $25,000 or $50,000.
Currently, [[The Hub (TV network)|The Hub]] airs the game show ''Family Game Night'', where teams earn cash in the form of "Monopoly Crazy Cash Cards" which is inserted to the "Monopoly Crazy Cash Machine" at the end of every episode, although Monopoly is not actually one of the games played on the show.
===Gambling games===
Many Monopoly-themed [[slot machine]]s and [[lottery|lotteries]] have been produced by [[WMS Gaming]] for land-based casinos. [[WagerWorks]], who have the on-line rights to Monopoly, have created online Monopoly themed games.
London’s [[Gamesys]] Group have also developed a bingo-based online game called "Monopoly Snap!" for the Jackpotjoy online bingo site.
The British quiz machine brand [[itbox]] also supports a ''Monopoly'' trivia and chance game, which, like most other itbox games, costs 50p ([[pound sterling|£]]0.50) to play and has a [[pound sterling|£]]20 jackpot.
There was also a live, online version of ''Monopoly''. Six painted taxis drive around London picking up passengers. When the taxis reach their final destination, the region of London that they are in is displayed on the online board. This version takes far longer to play than board-game monopoly, with one game lasting 24 hours. Results and position are sent to players via e-mail at the conclusion of the game.<ref name="monopoly live">{{cite web|url=http://www.monopolylive.com/|title=Monopoly Live|accessdate=2006-05-25}}</ref>
===Commercial promotions===
{{Main|McDonald's Monopoly}}
The ''McDonald's Monopoly'' game is a sweepstakes advertising promotion of [[McDonald's]] and [[Hasbro]] that has been offered in the [[United States]], [[Canada]], [[Germany]], [[Spain]], [[Austria]], [[Switzerland]], [[United Kingdom]], [[France]], [[Romania]], [[Australia]] and [[Singapore]]. The game mimics the game of Monopoly. Originally, customers received a set of two tokens with every purchase, but now tokens only come with certain menu items. Tokens correspond to a property space on the ''Monopoly'' board. When combined into color-matched properties, the tokens may be redeemed for money or prizes. There are also "instant win" tokens the recipient can redeem for McDonald's food, money, or other prizes.
===Films===
In November 2008, [[Ridley Scott]] was announced to direct [[Universal Pictures]]' film version of the game, based on a script written by Pamela Pettler and Alex Hyner. The film is co-produced by Hasbro's [[Brian Goldner]], as part of a deal with Hasbro to develop movies based on the company's line of toys.<ref>[http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117995718.html?categoryid=13&cs=1 Ridley Scott to direct 'Monopoly'] By MARC GRASER, VARIETY, Nov. 12, 2008 (retrieved 9/27/2009)</ref><ref>[http://login.vnuemedia.com/hr/login/login_subscribe.jsp?id=ttAht6zfSB7pBW2lj8CqQ0MRevVWT3VJnPVFtRWrF0P32rS1CcJIZRaeUq5yJ2KjdWZ2JEX3aKnN%0AKqlq7lLHdaDM%2F69WKvmokQ3dudOQKj2Tl1f3iUQfKai1jy0Qft7ncqb06ogL0lAKb3wZqeykRx5P%0AljeOVDt6yBjBVnRH71TLs3ihDnFPg1MHlyNCNbnB 'Monopoly' has electric company] The Hollywood Reporter, Nov. 12, 2008 (retrieved 9/27/2009)</ref> The story is being developed by author [[Frank Beddor]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=60840 |title=Bedder Reveals Monopoly Story Details |publisher=Comingsoon.net |date=2009-11-11 |accessdate=2011-04-12}}</ref>
The 2010 documentary ''[[Under the Boardwalk: The MONOPOLY Story (2010 film)|Under the Boardwalk: The MONOPOLY Story]]'', covering the history and players of the game, won an Audience Award for Best Documentary at the [[Anaheim International Film Festival]]. The film is narrated by [[Zachary Levi]].<ref>[http://www.MonopolyDocumentary.com Under the Boardwalk - The MONOPOLY Story] Official website</ref><ref>[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1250861/ Under the Boardwalk - IMDB]</ref>
==Variants==
{{See also|Licensed and localized editions of Monopoly}}
Because ''Monopoly'' evolved in the [[public domain]] before its commercialization, ''Monopoly'' has seen many variant games. Most of these are exact copies of the ''Monopoly'' games with the street names replaced with locales from a particular town, university, or fictional place. National boards have been released as well. Over the years, many specialty ''Monopoly'' editions, licensed by Parker Brothers/Hasbro, and produced by them, or their licensees (including USAopoly and Winning Moves Games) have been sold to local and national markets worldwide. Two well known "families" of -opoly like games, without licenses from Parker Brothers/Hasbro, have also been produced.
Several published games are similar to ''Monopoly''. These include:
*''[[Anti-Monopoly]]'', one of several games<ref name="anti-bgg">Anti-monopoly on [[boardgamegeek]] [http://boardgamegeek.com/boardgame/1931/anti-monopoly] Retrieved March 13th 2011.</ref> that are a sort of monopoly backwards.<ref name="anti-wsj">How a Fight Over a Board Game Monopolized an Economist's Life. [[The Wall Street journal]], 20 October 2009, MARY PILON [http://online.wsj.com/article/SB125599860004295449.html] Retrieved 14th March 2011</ref> The name of this game led to legal action between Anti-Monopoly's creator, [[Ralph Anspach]], and the owners of Monopoly.<ref name="anti-wsj" />
*''[[Blue Marble Game]]'', a Korean game based on monopoly created in 1982.
*''Chômageopoly'', "Unemployment Monopoly", a board game created by the [[LIP (clockwork company)|Lip factory]] in the 1970s.
*''[[Dinosauropoly]]'', a version using prehistoric motifs and rules.
*''[[Dallasopoly]]'',a version replacing properties with various locations in [[Dallas]], [[Texas]].Sold by the Dallas Arboretum(which is actually one of the properties one can buy).
*''[[Easy Money (board game)|Easy Money]]'', published by [[Milton Bradley Company|Milton Bradley]], also in the 1930s.
*''El Estanciero'', an Argentinian boardgame with the same basic mechanics, although the board is six-sided and the properties are Argentinian provinces. The name means "the rancher" in Spanish.
*''[[The Farming Game]]'' is a board game in which the goal is to run a financially successful farm, and like ''Monopoly'' the heart of the game is economics. The game's website draws comparisons to ''Monopoly''.
*''[[Fast Food Franchise (board game)|Fast Food Franchise]]'' is a board game by TimJim games, which shares ''Monopoly's'' core mechanics, but through careful design guarantees it will actually end.
*''Federal Reserve Monopoly'',{{Citation needed|date=February 2010}} created by Goldstein, Patrick, & Speeduh in 2009, mocks the money-as-debt monetary system and incorporates many of the [[financial instruments]] that caused the 2008 [[Wall Street]] crash, like "[[Credit Default Swap]]" and "Purchase Options".
* ''Finans'' (and ''Nya Finans''), a Scandinavian board game from 1949 which adds stocks and bonds to the basic Monopoly-style property trading.
*''La gran Capital'', published by several Chilean factories, is a [[Chile]]an version of the game, with neighborhoods from [[Santiago, Chile|Santiago de Chile]]. The title means "the big capital", other versions are even named "Metropolis".
*''The Fascinating Game of Finance'', later shortened to ''[[Finance (game)|Finance]]'', first marketed in 1932 by Knapp Electric, and later by Parker Brothers.
*''Go For Broke'', the exact opposite of ''Monopoly'', has the players trying to spend all their money before anyone else. Bad bets at the casino, real estate, stock market, race track, and giving to the poor house lowers your account balance. This was a Milton Bradley game originally published in the mid-1960s.
*''[[Ghettopoly]]'', released in 2003, caused considerable offense upon its release. The game, intended to be a humorous rendering of ghetto life, was decried as racist for its unflinching use of racial stereotypes. [[Hasbro]] sought and received an injunction against ''Ghettopoly's'' designer.<ref>[http://www.usatoday.com/money/industries/retail/2003-10-23-ghettopoly_x.htm Story] on the October 2003 lawsuit filing, from USA Today</ref><ref>[http://www.rid.uscourts.gov/opinions/magistrate_judges/06072006_1-03cv0482t_mjm_hasbro_v_chang_rr.pdf Decision from] the United States District Court for the District of Rhode Island, dated 18 May 2006. PDF file.</ref>
*''Greekopoly'', a college-themed version using [[fraternities and sororities]] as properties.
*''Potopoly'', A marijuana-themed version, using a five-sided board, and bags instead of houses.
*''[[Itadaki Street]]'', a series of board games for [[video game console]]s from [[Enix]].
*''[[Poleconomy]]'', a board game designed in New Zealand incorporating real-world companies as well as political and economic strategy.
*''[[The Mad Magazine Game]]'', a ''[[Mad (magazine)|Mad Magazine]]'' themed board game in which the object of the game is for player to lose all their money, play is counter-clockwise, and the dice must be rolled with the left hand. Released by [[Parker Brothers]] in 1979.
*''[[Saidina]]'', a ''[[Malaysia]]'' localized version.<ref>[http://www.spmgames.com.my/classic-saidina.html] SPM Games - a Malaysia games company that created the local variant version.</ref>
*''[[Solarquest]]'', a popular space-age adaptation, was released by Golden in 1986.
*SpongeBob SquarePants™ Edition by [[Hasbro]]
*''[[Totopoly]]'', created by Waddingtons in 1938, is based on horse racing.
*''Strictly Pittsburgh'', a variant based on the city of [[Pittsburgh]], [[Pennsylvania]]. In addition to properties being replaced with local Pittsburgh sites and businesses, it contained a somewhat different board layout and replaced houses and hotels with skyscrapers.
*''Dostihy a sázky'', a variant sold in [[Czechoslovakia]]. This game comes from the totalitarian communist era (1948–1989), when private businesses were forbidden and mortgages didn't exist, so the monopoly theme was changed to a horse racing theme.
*''Petropolis'', a copy of Monopoly based in buying into the oil industry, using oilfields. The game uses 'telex messages' instead of Chance cards and the playing board snakes round into the middle before continuing round the edge.
* Turista, a Mexican copy of ''Monopoly'' made by Montecarlo board game manufacturer. It is based in buying Mexican States. In each state it is possible to build gas stations and hotel to increase the rent amount.
*NFL Version - Where properties are NFL teams (order based on results of that season, with the Denver Broncos being the most expensive property) and the die are shaped like footballs.
* [[My Monopoly]].
* Business, an Indian version of a Monopoly like game not associated with Hasbro. In this version the "properties" to be bought are cities of India.
* Kissopoly is a [[Kiss (band)|KISS]]-themed version of the game where players buy songs in the band's catalog as well as various merchandise in the place of properties. The game also uses gold and platinum records in the place of hotels and houses. Game play is no different than standard Monopoly.
*Matador - a Danish variant in which the board is shaped as circle and with some minor variations in the rules and design of the game.
*''Millionaire's Game'' - a variant of the game used in the [[Philippines]] created by Mabuhay Boardgames.
*''[[København (board game)|København]]'' - a spin-off themed after [[Copenhagen]], [[Denmark]].
* Pokémon Monopoly
==Criticisms==
[[Wired magazine]] believes ''Monopoly'' is a poorly designed game. Former Wall Streeter Derk Solko explains, "Monopoly has you grinding your opponents into dust. It's a very negative experience. It's all about cackling when your opponent lands on your space and you get to take all their money." Most of the 3 to 4 hour average playing time is spent waiting for other players to play their turn. Board game enthusiasts disparagingly call this a "roll your dice, move your mice" format.<ref>{{cite web|last=Curry |first=Andrew |url=http://www.wired.com/gaming/gamingreviews/magazine/17-04/mf_settlers?currentPage=2 |title=Monopoly Killer: Perfect German Board Game Redefines Genre |publisher=Wired.com |date=2009-01-04 |accessdate=2009-06-10}}</ref>
==See also==
*[[List of world championships in mind sports]]
*[[Rich Uncle Pennybags]], also known as "Mr. Monopoly", the game's mascot character
==Notes==
{{Reflist|2}}
55. Pre-Parker Brothers Capitol Novelty [http://monopoly.cdbpdx.com/StEx/ Stock Exchange] game
==Bibliography==
*''Monopoly as a Markov Process'', by R. Ash and R. Bishop, ''[[Mathematics Magazine]]'', vol. 45 (1972) p. 26-29.
* {{Cite book| author=[[Ralph Anspach|Anspach, Ralph]] | title=The Billion Dollar MONOPOLY Swindle | edition=Second Edition | publisher=Xlibris Corporation | year=2000 | isbn=0-7388-3139-5}}
* {{Cite book| author=Brady, Maxine | title=The Monopoly Book: Strategy and Tactics of the World's Most Popular Game | edition=First hardcover edition | publisher=D. McKay Co. | year=1974 | isbn=0-679-20292-7}}
* {{Cite book| author=Darzinskis, Kaz | title=Winning Monopoly: A Complete Guide to Property Accumulation, Cash-Flow Strategy, and Negotiating Techniques When Playing the Best-Selling Board Game | edition=First Edition | publisher=Harper & Row, New York | year=1987 | isbn=0-06-096127-9}}
* {{Cite book| author=[[Tim Moore (writer)|Moore, Tim]] | title=Do Not Pass Go | publisher=Vintage Books | year=2004 | isbn= 0-09-943386-9}}
* {{Cite book| author=[[Philip Orbanes|Orbanes, Philip E.]] | title=The Monopoly Companion: The Player's Guide | edition=Second Edition | publisher=Adams Media Corporation | year=1999 | isbn=1-58062-175-9}}
* {{Cite book| author=Orbanes, Philip E. | title=The Game Makers: The Story of Parker Brothers | edition=First Edition | publisher=Harvard Business School Press | year=2004 | isbn=1-59139-269-1}}
*{{Cite news| url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/7007135.stm
| title = Monopoly launches UK-wide edition | accessdate = 2008-02-08
| date = 2007-09-24 | publisher = BBC}}
==External links==
{{Wikibooks|Monopoly|Strategy}}
{{Wikibooks|Monopoly|Official Rules}}
{{Commons category|Monopoly (game)}}
* [http://www.hasbro.com/monopoly/en_US/ The official U.S. ''Monopoly'' web site]
* [http://www.hasbro.com/games/kid-games/monopoly/default.cfm?page=Entertainment/funfacts Hasbro's] Fun Facts page
* {{US patent|748626}} and {{US patent|1509312}} - Patents for the first and second version of ''The Landlord's Game''
* {{US patent|2026082}} Patent awarded to C. B. Darrow for ''Monopoly'' on December 31, 1935
* [http://www.courierpostonline.com/ac150/ Atlantic City 150th Anniversary] series of articles from the newspaper ''Courier Post'', which describe the streets of Atlantic City that appear on ''Monopoly''
* [http://www.pbs.org/opb/historydetectives/pdf/202_monopoly.pdf History of ''Monopoly'']
* [http://www.tkcs-collins.com/truman/monopoly/monopoly.shtml Full list of probabilities in ''Monopoly'']
* [http://chrisrae.com/programming/monopoly/index.html Chris Rae - Experiments]
* Pre-Parker Brothers [http://monopoly.cdbpdx.com/StEx/ Stock Exchange] game pieces by Capitol Novelty Co.
* [http://www.monopolycity.com/ac_monopoly_champions.html World Champions up to 2004]
{{Monopoly}}
{{Hasbro}}
{{Waddingtons}}
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[[Category:Game.com games]]
[[Category:Atlantic City, New Jersey]]
[[Category:Roll-and-move board games]]
[[Category:Economic simulation board games]]
[[Category:Hasbro products]]
[[Category:Monopoly (game)| ]]
[[Category:Multiplayer games]]
[[Category:American inventions]]
[[Category:1935 introductions]]
[[Category:Virtual economy]]
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