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'{{Other uses}} FUCK YOU BITCHES {{refimprove|date=May 2011}} {{Wiktionary|hallelujah|alleluia}} {{TOC right}} [[File:Hallelu Yah.JPG|right]] '''Hallelujah''', '''Halleluyah''', and the [[Latin]] form '''''[[Alleluia]]''''' are [[transliteration]]s of the [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] word {{lang|he|הללויה}} ([[Standard Hebrew|Standard]] ''Halleluya'', [[Tiberian Hebrew|Tiberian]] ''Halləlûyāh'') meaning "Praise [[Yah]]".<ref name=britannia>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/252791/hallelujah Hallelujah] in [[Encyclopedia Britannica]]</ref> The last syllable is from the first two letters of the name of God, [[YHWH]], written [[JHVH]] in Latin). ''Hallelujah'' is found primarily in the book of [[Psalms]]. The word is used in [[Judaism]] as part of the [[Hallel]] prayers, and in Christian prayer.<ref name=Woods>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Woods|first=F. H. |authorlink= |editor=[[James Hastings]] |encyclopedia=[[Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible|A Dictionary of the Bible]] |title=Hallelujah |url=http://www.ccel.org/ccel/hastings/dictv2/Page_287.html |accessdate= |date=1902 |publisher=Charles Scribner's Sons <!--|volume=2 (Feign-Kinsman)--> |location=New York |id= |page=287 }}</ref> It has been accepted into the [[English language]] and has a similar pronunciation in many other languages. ==In the Bible== The term is used 24 times in the [[Hebrew Bible]] (mainly in the book of [[Psalms]], e.g. {{bibleverse-nb||Psalms|111–117|HE}}, {{bibleverse-nb||Psalms|145–150|HE}}, where it starts and concludes a number of Psalms) and four times in [[Greek language|Greek]] transliteration in the Christian [[Book of Revelation]].<ref name=Woods/> In the [[Hebrew Bible]] ''hallelujah'' is actually a two-word phrase, not one word. The first part, ''hallelu,'' is the second-person imperative masculine plural form of the Hebrew verb ''hallal.''<ref>Page H. Kelley, ''[[Biblical Hebrew]], an Introductory Grammar,'' page 169. Ethics & Public Policy Center, 1959. ISBN 978-0-8028-0598-0.</ref> However, "hallelujah" means more than simply "praise Yah", as the word ''hallel'' in Hebrew means a joyous praise in song, to boast in God. ''Hallel'' could also refer to someone who acts madly or foolishly.<ref>George Fohrer. ''Hebrew and Aramaic Dictionary of the Old Testament,'' under הלל. Walter de Gruyter, 1973. ISBN 978-3-11-004572-7.</ref><ref>Joseph Samuel C.F. Frey, ''A Hebrew, Latin, and English dictionary'', 1815, [http://books.google.com/books?id=TVwUAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA254&dq=%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%9C+hebrew+dictionary&hl=en&ei=1ffDTb-mBI794Aa888i7BQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=8&ved=0CGkQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%9C&f=false entry for הלל on page 254] </ref> The second part, [[Names of God in Judaism#Yah|Yah]], is a shortened form of [[YHWH]], the name for the Creator.<ref name=Woods/> This name is not pronounced by Jews, as they are not permitted to speak the name of God, and in any case the correct pronunciation is not known. However, it is sometimes rendered by Christians as "[[Yahweh]]" or "[[Jehovah]]". Although the [[Septuagint]] translates Yah as Kyrios (the {{LORD}}), it is not the title "lord". In {{bibleverse||Psalm|150:6|HE}} the Hebrew reads ''kol han'shamah t'hallel yah;''<ref>All quotes from the Hebrew are taken from ''[[Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia]]'', EDITIO FUNDITUS RENOVATA, cooperantibus H. P. Ruger et J. Ziegler ediderunt K. Elliger et W. Rudolph, Textum Masoreticum curavit H. P. Ruger MASORAM ELABORAVIT G. E. WEIL, Editio quinta emendata opera A. Schenker, Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft.</ref> It appears in the Hebrew Bible as הללו~יה and הללו יה. In {{bibleverse||Psalm|148:1|HE}} the Hebrew says "הללו יה ''hallelu yah".'' It then says ''"hallelu eth-YHWH"'' as if using ''"yah"'' and "YHWH" interchangeably. The word ''"Yah"'' appears by itself as a divine name in poetry about 49 times in the Hebrew Bible (including ''hallelu yah''), such as in {{bibleverse||Psalm|68:4–5|HE}} "who rides upon the deserts by his name ''Yah"'' and {{bibleverse||Exodus|15:2|HE}} ''"Yah'' is my strength and song". It also often appears at the end of Israelite [[theophoric name]]s such as [[Isaiah]] ''"yeshayah(u),'' Yahweh is salvation" and [[Jeremiah]] ''"yirmeyah(u),'' Yahweh is exalted".<ref name=Woods/> The word ''hallelujah'' occurring in Psalms is therefore a request for a congregation to join in praise toward God. It can be translated as "Praise God" or "Praise Yahweh, you people", and is usually worded in English contexts as "Praise the {{LORD}}".<ref name=britannia/> "Hallelujah" appears in Revelation 19 in Greek [[transliteration]] as "hallelouia" (ἁλληλουϊά), the great song of praise to God for his triumph over the [[Whore of Babylon]].<ref name=Woods/> This transliteration also appears in the [[Septuagint]]. ==Usage by Jews== {{unreferenced section|date=November 2010}} In standard modern Hebrew, the word "hallelujah" is the word for requesting a congregation to join in praise. "Hallel" means to recite praise, "hallelu" is the plural form, and "halleluhu" is the imperative form of the verb. The grammatical extension "yah" is a way of expressing magnanimity for many Hebrew words. For example "merchav" means space, "merchavyah" means a vast space ({{bibleverse||Psalms|118:5|HE}}); "shalhevet" means flame, "shalhevetyah" means a colossal flame (Song of Songs {{bibleverse-nb||Song|8:6|HE}}). Hence, halleluyah could also be interpreted as "great praise." ==Usage by Christians== For most [[Christians]], "Hallelujah" is considered a joyful word of [[praise]] to God, rather than an injunction to praise him. In the [[Latin Rite]] of the [[Catholic Church]], and in many older [[Protestantism|Protestant]] denominations, the [[Alleluia]], along with the [[Gloria in Excelsis Deo]], is not spoken or sung in [[liturgy]] during the season of [[Lent]], instead being replaced by a Lenten acclamation, while in [[Eastern Christianity|Eastern Churches]], Alleluia is chanted throughout the Lent in the beginning of the [[Matins]] service, replacing the [[Theos Kyrios]], which is considered more joyful. At the Easter service and throughout the [[Pentecostarion]], [[Paschal greeting|Christos anesti]] is used in the place where Hallelujah is chanted in the [[Latin liturgical rites|western rite]]. In [[contemporary worship]] among many Protestants, expressions of "Hallelujah" and "Praise the Lord" are acceptable, spontaneous expressions of joy, thanksgiving and praise towards God, requiring no specific prompting or call or direction from those leading times of praise and singing.<ref>[http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=RE4aAAAAIBAJ&sjid=wykEAAAAIBAJ&pg=7023,223759&dq=spontaneous+hallelujah+praise-the-lord&hl=en At Pipe Organ Pizza, a pipeline for prayers], ''[[Milwaukee Journal]]'', July 12, 1981</ref> ==Usage in informal language== In modern English, "Hallelujah" is frequently spoken to express happiness that a thing hoped or waited for has happened.<ref>[http://www.macmillandictionary.com/dictionary/american/hallelujah Hallelujah] definition in [[Macmillan Publishers|Macmillan]] Dictionary</ref> When used in this way, the word does not necessarily indicate religious belief or intentions on the part of the speaker. ==See also== *[[Alhamdulillah]], similar Arabic phrase used by [[Muslim]]s and by Arabic-speaking [[Jews]] and [[Christians]] *[[Messiah (Handel)#"Hallelujah"|Hallelujah Chorus]] *[[Hallelujah (Leonard Cohen song)]] ==References== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Christian prayer]] [[Category:Christian terms]] [[Category:Hebrew words and phrases in the Hebrew Bible]] [[Category:New Testament Hebrew words and phrases]] [[Category:Psalms]] [[Category:Hallel]] [[Category:Hebrew words and phrases in Jewish prayers and blessings]] [[ar:هللويا]] [[ca:Al·leluia]] [[cs:Aleluja]] [[de:Halleluja]] [[el:Αλληλούια]] [[es:Aleluya]] [[eo:Haleluja]] [[fa:هله‌لویا]] [[fr:Alléluia]] [[ko:할렐루야]] [[hr:Aleluja]] [[id:Haleluyah]] [[ia:Alleluia]] [[it:Alleluia]] [[he:הללויה]] [[lt:Aleliuja]] [[ln:Aleluya]] [[mr:हॅलेलुह्या]] [[ms:Hallelujah]] [[nl:Hallelujah]] [[ja:ハレルヤ]] [[no:Halleluja]] [[nn:Halleluja]] [[pl:Alleluja]] [[pt:Aleluia]] [[ro:Aleluia]] [[ru:Аллилуйя]] [[sc:Alleluia]] [[sk:Haleluja (slovo)]] [[sr:Алелуја]] [[fi:Halleluja]] [[sv:Halleluja (psalm)]] [[tl:Aleluya]] [[th:ฮาลเลลูยาห์]] [[zh:哈利路亞]]'