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'{{Infobox artist | name = Giorgio da Sebenico | image = Juraj_Dalmatinac.JPG | image_size = 200px | caption = A modern [[sculpture]] of Juraj Dalmatinac/<br>/Giorgio da Sebenico, created by [[Ivan Meštrović]],<br>placed in front of [[Cathedral of St. James, Šibenik|Cathedral of St. James]] in [[Šibenik]] | birth_date = circa 1410 | birth_place = [[Zadar|Zara]], [[Republic of Venice]] (now Zadar, [[Croatia]]) | death_date = 1473/1475 | death_place = [[Sebenico]], [[Republic of Venice]] (now [[Šibenik]], Croatia) | field = [[stone carving]] }} [[File:Juraj Dalmatinac cropped.jpg|thumb|right|235px| Juraj Dalmatinac (George the Dalmatian) monument in [[Zadar]]]] '''Giorgio da Sebenico'''<ref name="Scotti">''Quaderni Giuliani di Storia ''Anno XXIII (n°1 gennaio-giugno 2002) p. 21-35; article "La letteratura italiana in Dalmazia: una storia falsificata" by Giacomo Scotti</ref><ref name="Britannica1911">Encyclopædia Britannica (1911) articles about [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Sebenico Sebenico] [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Ancona and Ancona]</ref><ref name="Artnet">[http://www.artnet.com/library/03/0323/T032389.asp Biography (Artnet)]</ref> ({{lang-hr|'''Juraj Dalmatinac'''}}; c. 1410–1473) was a medieval sculptor and architect from [[Dalmatia]], who worked mainly in the city of Sebenico, at the time part of the [[Republic of Venice]]; modern-day [[Šibenik]], [[Croatia]]. ==Early life== He was born in the Dalmatian city of Zara (modern [[Zadar]], Croatia), which was then ruled by the [[Republic of Venice]].<ref>''Dalmatia, the Quarnero and Istria, with Cettigne in Montenegro and the Island of Grado'' by Sir Thomas Graham Jackson, published in 1887 by Clarendon press, Page 389: <blockquote>Giorgio seems to have been born at Zara. His father, Matteo, was a scion of the ancient and princely Roman house of [[Orsini family|Orsini]]; but the branch to which he belonged had sunk in the world, and been reduced to support itself by manual arts inconsistent with the idea of nobility as then understood, and the family name had been allowed to fall into disuse [...] His family descent from the Orsini was formally recognized in 1540 in the person of his grandson Giacomo, an advocate [...] that Giorgio was not a native of Sebenico is proved by the description of him in several 'Atti' of 1441-1450; e.g. ''Magister Giorgius lapicida quondam Matthaei di Jadra, habitator Venetiarum ad praesens existens Sibenic''</blockquote></ref> His name and origin has been the source of some controversy. On the [[relief]] by the north [[apse]] of [[Cathedral of St. James, Šibenik|Cathedral of St.James]] the artist signed in [[Latin]]: "hoc opus cuvarum fecit magister Georgius Mathaei Dalmaticus",<ref name="Fisković">{{cite book |last=Fisković |first=Cvito |coauthors=Nenad Gattin |title=Juraj Dalmatinac |year=1983 |publisher=Zora |location=Zagreb |language=Croatian |page=73}}</ref><ref name="Ivančević">{{cite book |last=Ivančević |first=Radovan |title=Šibenska katedrala |language=Croatian}}</ref> and on a contract from 1441 he signed: "Georgius lapicida quondam Mathei de Jadra Civis Sibenicenis" (''trans.'' "Georgius sculptor son of Matheus from Zadar citizen of Šibenik").<ref name="Ivančević"/> Those are only known signatures of the artist, however, in Sebenico there are remnants (the doorway) of the Orsini's home which he bought in June 1445 from M. Simeonich, a local nobleman. On the lintel of this old doorway is carved a bear, the heraldic emblem of the noble [[Orsini family|house of Orsini]] - carved by Giorgio's own hand.<ref name="Mrs. Alice">{{cite book | first=Mrs. Alice | last=Lee Hornor Moqué |page=109 | title=Delightful Dalmatia | publisher=Funk & Wagnalls company | year = 1914}}<blockquote>But alas, only the doorway now remains of the house which "Michelle Simeonich, a nobleman of Sebenico, sold to Giorgio Orsini for two hundred golden ducats of just and good weight", in the month of June and the year 1455. On the lintel of this old doorway is carved a bear, the heraldic emblem of the great house of Orsini - carved, no doubt, by George's own hand, over this door through which he must have passed so often.</blockquote></ref> That is why he is also referred to as '''Giorgio Orsini''', particularly in Italian sources.<ref name="tgj-1885">{{cite book | url = http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=iTUBAAAAQAAJ&dq=%22Giorgio+Orsini%22&ei=u_P-S7efC9OG-QbQ1bClCg&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2 | author = Sir Thomas Graham Jackson | title = Ragusa. Il palazzo rettorale, il duomo, il reliquiario del teschia di s. Biagio. (Estr. dall'Annuario dalmatico). | year = 1885}}</ref><ref name="Alberti">{{cite book | first=Mario | last=Alberti | coauthors = Attilio Tamaro; Ettore Tolomei | page=179 | title=Italy's great war and her national aspirations | publisher=Alfieri & Lacroix | year = 1917}}</ref><ref name="Silani">{{cite book | first=Tomaso | last=Silani | coauthors = Adolfo Venture; Ettore Pais; Pompeo Molmenti|page=61 | title= La Dalmazia monvmentale:con 100 tavole fvori testo |publisher=Alfieri & Lacroix | year = 1917 }}</ref> There are also references to him as '''Giorgio Dalmatico''',<ref name="tgj-1885"/> or as '''George the Dalmatian'''.<ref name="Vauchez">{{cite book | first=André | last=Vauchez | page=453 | url = http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=qtgotOF0MKQC&pg=PA453&dq=George+Dalmatian&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4 | title=Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages, Volume I | publisher=Routledge | year=2000 | isbn=1579582826, 9781579582821}}</ref> He is sometimes listed among Croatian sculptors in English-language sources.<ref name="Vauchez"/> In Croatia, he is known under the [[Croatian language|Croatian]] name ''Juraj Dalmatinac'' (lit. "George the Dalmatian"). Two elementary schools in Croatia bear that name: one in [[Pag]],<ref>{{hr icon}} [http://www.os-jdalmatinaca-pag.skole.hr/ Osnovna škola Jurja Dalmatinca Pag]</ref> and one in Šibenik.<ref>{{hr icon}} [http://www.skolehr.net/popis_skola/osnovna_skola/osnovnaskolajurjadalmatinca.php Osnovna škola Jurja Dalmatinca Šibenik]</ref> This name is stated to be a recent translation of Georgius Dalmaticus by some Italian sources.<ref name="Scotti"/><ref>{{cite news | newspaper = [[La Repubblica]] | date = 2004-08-14 | url = http://www.repubblica.it/2004/h/sezioni/cronaca/rumizviaggio/rumiz9/rumiz9.html | title = Traù, fuga di mezzanotte | author = Paolo Rumiz | accessdate = 2011-04-25}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | newspaper = [[Corriere della Sera]] | date = 2000-11-03 | url = http://www.istrianet.org/istria/news/europe/corriere/00_1103vaticano.htm | title = Gli italiani d'Istria litigano con il Vaticano | author = Gian Antonio Stella | accessdate = 2011-04-25}}</ref> This is reportedly part of a trend of Croatization of old Venetian names.<ref name="Knez">{{cite news | newspaper = [[La Voce del Popolo]] | date = 2003-07-21 | title = Dalmazia, una storia »falsata« | author = Kristjan Knez | url = http://xoomer.alice.it/histria/storiaecultura/testiedocumenti/articoligiornali/dalmazia.htm | accessdate = 2011-04-25}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | newspaper = La Voce del Popolo'' | title = L'Adriatico orientale e la sterile ricerca della nazionalità delle persone | author = Kristijan Knez | url = http://xoomer.alice.it/histria/storiaecultura/testiedocumenti/articoligiornali/artadriatico.htm | date = 2002-10-02 | accessdate = 2011-04-25}}</ref> Croatian sources such as the [[Yugoslav Lexicographical Institute]] and author Cvito Fisković claim that "Orsini" was never used by the artist and it was adopted by his son, after the death of his father.<ref name="Fisković" /><ref name="Ivančević" /><ref name="encyc_of_vis_arts">Encyclopedia of Visual Arts of the [[Yugoslav Lexicographical Institute]], volume 3 ([[Zagreb]], 1964), article ''Juraj Dalmatinac''.</ref> Orsini was educated as an architect in [[Venice]],<ref name="Artnet"/><ref name="GE-YLZ">{{GE-YLZ|4|Juraj Dalmatinac}}</ref> in the workshop of Giovanni and Bartolomeo Buon. He helped them sculpt the decorations on the Porta della Carta of the [[Doge's Palace, Venice|Doge's Palace]].<ref name="GE-YLZ"/> He married Elisabetta da Monte, who brought him as her dowry some houses in Venice. After his engagement at Šibenik in 1441 he made that city his home, and invested his savings with two partners in a grocery business and in a shop there. He built himself a house close to the cathedral on which his fame as an architect principally rests. == Work == His work represents the golden age of Dalmatian medieval art.<ref name="Artnet"/> His most beautiful achievement is probably the [[Cathedral of St. James, Šibenik|Cathedral of St. James]] in Šibenik,, for which he was a chief architect from 1441 to 1473.<ref name="GE-YLZ" /> The entire building was built solely of stone, with no wood or bricks used in the structure. The task before him was to build the choir, of which foundations had not been laid, to raise and roof the [[nave]] which was only completed to the top of the aisle vaults, and to covering the crossing by a lantern or cupola. From July 1, 1477 the work was continued by another architect, Niccolò di Giovanni da Firenze. In [[Split (city)|Split]] ({{lang-it|Spalato}}) he built several [[palace]]s and in 1448 he carved a stone [[altar]] in the [[Cathedral of St. Duje in Split]].<ref name="GE-YLZ" /> In [[Dubrovnik]] (then part of the [[Republic of Ragusa]], also referred to as ''Ragusa'') he helped repair the Duke's palace and helped build the Minčeta fortress. He also made an urban plan for [[Pag]]o.<ref name="GE-YLZ" /> In Italy, he worked in [[Ancona]] where he built the [[Loggia dei Mercanti]], the portal of [[San Francesco alle Scale]] and the portal of Sant'Agostino<ref name="GE-YLZ" /> [[Image:Sibenik Cathedral of St James details.jpg|thumb|left|210px|[[Cathedral of St. James, Šibenik|St. James's Cathedral]], facade - the principal work of Giorgio da Sebenico.]] His carvings belong to the late [[Gothic art|Gothic]] style, but his architecture and sculptures is early [[Renaissance]] in style.<ref name="GE-YLZ" /> He died in Šibenik. == References == {{reflist}} == Bibliography == * Mariano Fabio, ''La Loggia dei Mercanti in Ancona e l’opera di Giorgio di Matteo da Sebenico'', Ed. Il lavoro editoriale, Ancona 2003. * Mariano Fabio, ''La facciata di S. Agostino in Ancona e il suo restauro'', in Aa.Vv., Atti del Convegno "Arte e Spiritualità negli Ordini Mendicanti, II", Tolentino, Roma 1994. * Mariano Fabio, ''La stagione adriatica del Gotico fiorito'', in F. Mariano, ''L’Architettura nelle Marche. Dall’Età classica al Liberty'',Ed. Nardini, Fiesole 1995, pp.&nbsp;83–88. == External links == {{commonscat|Juraj Dalmatinac}} * {{sp icon}} [http://biografiasyvidas.com/biografia/s/sebenico.htm Short biography in Spanish] * [http://imagesvr.library.upenn.edu/cgi/i/image/image-idx?type=simple&q1=aaaGiorgio%20da%20Sebenico%20(Giorgio%20Orsini),%201410-1475,%20(Italian)aaa&cat1=All+Categories&thsz=12&txsz=50&slsz=1&c=fisher&sstrt=1&res=thumbnail Image Collection] at the [[Fisher Fine Arts Library]] {{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. --> | NAME = Da Sebenico, Giorgio | ALTERNATIVE NAMES = | SHORT DESCRIPTION = | DATE OF BIRTH = | PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Zadar|Zara]], [[Republic of Venice]] (now Zadar, [[Croatia]]) | DATE OF DEATH = 1473 | PLACE OF DEATH = [[Sebenico]], [[Republic of Venice]] (now [[Šibenik]], Croatia) }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Da Sebenico, Giorgio}} <!-- Categories --> [[Category:1410s births]] [[Category:1473 deaths]] [[Category:Italian people of Croatian descent]] [[Category:Italian architects]] [[Category:Italian sculptors]] [[Category:Croatian architects]] [[Category:Croatian sculptors]] [[Category:People from Zadar]] [[Category:Medieval sculptors]] [[Category:People from Šibenik]] <!-- interwiki --> [[bs:Juraj Dalmatinac]] [[hr:Juraj Dalmatinac]] [[it:Giorgio di Matteo]] [[ru:Юрай Далматинец]] [[sr:Јурај Далматинац]] [[sh:Juraj Dalmatinac]] [[sv:Juraj Dalmatinac]] [[uk:Юрай Далматинець]]'