Old page wikitext, before the edit (old_wikitext) | '<!-- Infobox begins !-->
{{Infobox settlement
|name = Juiz de Fora
|settlement_type = Municipality
|official_name = The Municipality of Juiz de Fora
|website = [http://www.pjf.mg.gov.br/ Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais]
|nickname = JF
|motto = ''Pro Patria et Urbe''
|image_skyline = Juiz de Fora MG.JPG
|imagesize = 250px
|image_caption = Top left:Aerial view of Juiz de Fora, Top right:Juiz de Fora City Hall at the junction of Rua Halfeld and Avenida Barão de Rio Branco, Bottom left:Statue of Christ on the Morro de Imperador, Bottom right:Mariano Procópio Museum
|image_flag = Bandeira_de_Juiz_de_Fora.svg
|image_seal = Brasaojf-mini.jpg
|image_map = MinasGerais Municip JuizdeFora.svg
|mapsize =
|map_caption = Location in [[Brazil]]
|coordinates_region = BR
|subdivision_type = [[Countries of the world|Country]]
|subdivision_type1 = [[Regions of Brazil|Region]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[States of Brazil|State]]
|subdivision_name = [[Brazil]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Southeast Region, Brazil|Southeast]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Minas Gerais]]
|leader_title = [[Mayor]]
|leader_name = [[Custódio Mattos]], [[Brazilian Social Democratic Party|PSDB]]
|established_title = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporated]]
|established_date = May 30, 1850
|area_magnitude =
|area_total_km2 = 1437
|area_total_sq_mi = 554.8
|area_land_km2 =
|area_land_sq_mi =
|area_water_km2 =
|area_water_sq_mi =
|area_water_percent =
|area_urban_km2 =
|area_urban_sq_mi =
|area_metro_km2 =
|area_metro_sq_mi =
|population_as_of = 2010
|population_note =
|population_footnotes =<ref name=totalpop>{{cite web|url = http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/estimativa2006/POP_2006_DOU.pdf | title = Estimativas das Populações Residentes, em 01.07.2006, Segundo os Municípios | language = in Portuguese | publisher = [[IBGE]] | accessdate = 2006-09-01}}</ref>
|population_total = 517872
|population_metro =
|population_urban =
|population_density_km2 = 354
|population_density_sq_mi = 916.9
|timezone = [[UTC-3]]
|utc_offset = -3
|timezone_DST = [[UTC-2]]
|utc_offset_DST = -2
|latd= 21
|latm= 13
|lats= 33
|latNS= S
|longd= 43
|longm= 46
|longs= 26
|longEW= W
|elevation_m = 678
|elevation_ft = 2,224
|area_code = +55 32
|postal_code_type = Postal Code
|postal_code = 36000-000
|blank_name =
|blank_info =
|footnotes =
}} <!-- Infobox ends !-->
'''Juiz de Fora''' ({{IPA-pt|ˈʒwiz dʒi ˈfɔɾɐ}}, ''[[:pt:juiz de fora|External Judge]]''), also known as '''J.F.''', is a city in the southeastern [[Brazil]]ian state of [[Minas Gerais]], located close to the state border with [[Rio de Janeiro (state)|Rio de Janeiro]]. According to 2006 estimates the current population is about 509,125 inhabitants. The geographical area of the municipality is {{convert|1,437|km2|abbr=on}}.
The city's location was determinant for its economic and demographic development, for it is placed between the three most important financial and economic metropolises of [[Southeast Region, Brazil|southeast Brazil]] (and also the three largest [[urban sprawl]]s of the country): Rio de Janeiro ({{convert|189|km|abbr=on}}), Belo Horizonte ({{convert|260|km|abbr=on}}) and São Paulo ({{convert|486|km|abbr=on}}). Major highways connect Juiz de Fora with these three metropolitan areas, the most important -and crucial for the city's recent growth- being the BR 040, which connects [[Brasília]], [[Rio de Janeiro]], and [[Belo Horizonte]]. Running throughout the city, the [[Paraibuna river]] is a major tributary of the [[Paraíba do Sul]] river, in which basin lies the core of Brazilian heavy and high-technology industries.
==Industry, Trade, and Culture==
Juiz de Fora is the second most important industrial center in the state of [[Minas Gerais]], despite being the fourth largest in terms of population. It was once the state's largest city, position which was held up until the beginning of the 20th century (it held the second position until the 1990s). There are important steel mills and automotive factories ([[Mercedes-Benz]] being the most famous) in the city, along with several textile factories.
The city is also an important trade center, with considerable area of influence, being considered the capital of the [[Zona da Mata (Minas Gerais)|Zona da Mata]] region of the state. It has three shopping malls, several hyper-marts and a myriad of small shops that sell clothes and attract customers from a wide area around the city.
The massive presence of immigrants - especially from [[Portugal]], [[Italy]], [[Germany]], [[Syria]] and [[Lebanon]] and more recent [[China]] - throughout its history has given the city a cosmopolitan spirit and diverse cuisine. Walking down Avenida Rio Branco, (a broad and straight avenue several kilometers long) one can find typical German, Italian, Arabic, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese and Indian restaurants, as well as traditional Brazilian and vegetarian cuisine.
Juiz de Fora is an important regional cultural center, one of the few towns in south-east Minas Gerais to have permanently functional cinemas, theatres, music venues and light entertainment. There is a nationally important museum ([[Museu Mariano Procópio]]) and a Philharmonic Orchestra (Orquestra Filarmônica Pró-Musica). The city also hosts a yearly classical music festival, the Festival Internacional de Música Brasileira Colonial e Música Antiga (International Festival of Brazilian Colonial Music and Early Music). It is home to the "[[Meninos Cantores da Academia]]" the second oldest choir in this category in Brazil. Cultural life is also boosted by a Federal University and several private-owned colleges; making it a popular destination for students. Some of the courses at the [[Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora]] are reputedly among the best in Brazil.
The cultural life of Juiz de Fora is marked by great eclecticism, which can be seen in its architecture. Art Nouveau buildings dating from the first decade of the 20th century are intermingled with those in Art Déco style from the mid-20th century, as well as the architectural art works by Niemeyer.
Important roads:
* BR-040, linking JF to north-south cities in the middle part of the [[States of Brazil|states]] of [[Minas Gerais]] and [[Rio de Janeiro (state)|Rio de Janeiro]], such as [[Belo Horizonte]], [[Congonhas]], [[Conselheiro Lafaiete]], [[Barbacena]], [[Santos Dumont]], [[Sete Lagoas]], [[Três Rios]], [[Petrópolis]], [[Rio de Janeiro]] and [[Brasília]].
* BR-267, linking JF to east-west cities in the southern part of [[Minas Gerais]], such as [[Leopoldina, Minas Gerais|Leopoldina]], [[Bicas]], [[Lima Duarte (city)|Lima Duarte]], [[Bom Jardim de Minas]] and [[Caxambu]].
Important railroads:
* [[MRS Logística]].
Airports:
* [[Juiz de Fora Airport|Francisco Álvares de Assis Airport]] located in the neighborhood of Serrinha {{convert|6|km|abbr=on}} away.
* [[Zona da Mata Regional Airport|Pres. Itamar Franco Airport]] located {{convert|35|km|abbr=on}} way in the municipality of [[Goianá]].
==Climate==
Although lying close to tropical latitudes, the climate is relatively mild. The altitude of {{convert|700|to|900|m|abbr=on}} makes the weather usually cooler and rainier than the lower surrounding areas.
Under the [[Köppen climate classification]], Juiz de Fora's climate is classified as a [[humid subtropical climate]], with two distinct seasons, one hotter and rainier (October to April) and one cooler and drier (May to September). The average annual temperature is around {{convert|19|C}} with a maximum of {{convert|24|C}} and a minimum of {{convert|15|C}}. It is very humid with average humidity of 80%. The annual rainfall varies between {{convert|1300|and|1500|mm|abbr=on}}.
{{Weather box
|collapsed = Y
|location = Juiz de Fora
|metric first = Y
|single line = Y
|Jan high C = 25.9
|Feb high C = 26.8
|Mar high C = 25.7
|Apr high C = 23.9
|May high C = 22.8
|Jun high C = 21.2
|Jul high C = 21.2
|Aug high C = 22.2
|Sep high C = 21.4
|Oct high C = 23.8
|Nov high C = 24.5
|Dec high C = 25
|year high C = 23.7
|Jan low C = 17.8
|Feb low C = 18.2
|Mar low C = 17.5
|Apr low C = 16.3
|May low C = 15.4
|Jun low C = 13.2
|Jul low C = 12.5
|Aug low C = 12.4
|Sep low C = 13.4
|Oct low C = 15
|Nov low C = 16.2
|Dec low C = 16.9
|year low C = 15.4
|Jan precipitation mm = 299.8
|Feb precipitation mm = 217.4
|Mar precipitation mm = 198.3
|Apr precipitation mm = 107.1
|May precipitation mm = 65.4
|Jun precipitation mm = 34.2
|Jul precipitation mm = 27.5
|Aug precipitation mm = 16.5
|Sep precipitation mm = 49.9
|Oct precipitation mm = 112.4
|Nov precipitation mm = 191
|Dec precipitation mm = 327.1
|year precipitation mm = 1646.6
|Jan humidity = 83.4
|Feb humidity = 81.1
|Mar humidity = 83.9
|Apr humidity = 84.3
|May humidity = 83.3
|Jun humidity = 86
|Jul humidity = 77.9
|Aug humidity = 73.6
|Sep humidity = 83.1
|Oct humidity = 81.2
|Nov humidity = 81.3
|Dec humidity = 85.3
|year humidity = 82.03
|source 1 = [[Climate-charts]]<ref name="climate">[[Climate-charts]]—[http://www.climate-charts.com/Locations/b/BZ83692.php]. Retrieved 17 December 2010.</ref>
|date=December 2010
}}
==History==
[[Image:Juiz de fora (1893).jpg|thumb|Juiz de Fora in 1893.]]
[[Image:UFJF vista aerea.jpg|thumb|right|Federal University of Juiz de Fora]]
The origins of Juiz de Fora trace back to the beginnings of the 18th century, when a road called "Caminho Novo" (New Way) was opened, linking [[Rio de Janeiro]] to the gold rush area of [[Minas Gerais]]. The region was covered with dense forest (thus its name since, "Zona da Mata", ''Forest Zone''). Despite the opening of the new route, the area remained largely uninhabited, and most of its scarce settling was centered around the road itself. The first permanent inhabitants of the municipality were merchants and farmers who supplied the travelers's needs on the long road from the harbor to the gold region and vice-versa.
Further development would only take place after the decline of gold mining in the central zone of [[Minas Gerais]]. The capital previously invested in the mines was now invested in coffee plantations, and the region of [[Zona da Mata (Minas Gerais)|Zona da Mata]] became a fertile ground to invest. The position of the village then called Santo Antônio do [[Paraibuna]] was favorable due to the road connection with the capital of the country and its harbour.
In 1850, the small village was officially elevated to city status. Progress increased with the building of the modern União e Indústria (Union and Industry) road in 1861 to replace the Caminho Novo, its name reflecting the newfound wealth of the city, for industry replaced coffee-related agriculture as its economic heart. Five years later a new railroad line reached the city and in 1889 the first hydroelectric powerplant of Latin America was built on the Paraibuna river, on the outskirts of the city, along União Indústria.
As both foreign and domestic capital fueled the industry boom, the city became a major center (it then became the largest urban area of the state). It was such so that in the first decade of the 20th century, Juiz de Fora was among the main textile and industrial centers in [[South America]], and in [[Brazil]] particularly, the city's wealth was second to few centers (such as [[São Paulo]] and [[Rio de Janeiro]]). As the coffee rush frontier moved southweswards, it reached the [[state of São Paulo]] and its immensely fertile plateaus. As the State became the richest in the federation, industry flourished, as had happened to Juiz de Fora itself. The city of Juiz de Fora saw itself, then, as the only major industrial center in a state that was being much surpassed by [[São Paulo]] in industrial output and worse still, much of the wealth generated by the state (a large bulk by Juiz de Fora itself) was being used in the building of the new state capital, [[Belo Horizonte]] (replacing [[Ouro Preto]], at the center of the gold region), founded by the end of the 19th century and intended to be the largest of the state, following the Brazilian and Latin-American tradition of centralization. The [[Great Depression]] of the 30's worsened the city's decadence, which would only be overcome five decades later. By the 1940s, the city had lost its nation-wide influence, due to the continued growth of Belo Horizonte and the loss of industry.
The city's decay can be seen in the figures for its population, which remained stagnant from the early 1930s to the late 1960s. By the mid-1970s, the city started to experience new growth, which continues to this day. This new era began with the stabilizing of a federal university ([[UFJF]]) in the city and the decision by the Brazilian military junta, (1964–1985) to promote the city as a major military center. This sparked a phenomenon rarely experienced by post-industrial towns: the industrial rebirth of the city, this time following Brazilian industrialization itself, based on heavy-industry, such as steel and engineering.
Recently, the city seems to be experiencing a new era in its history, again following a boom in Brazilian economy, and is reinventing itself as a major center for services (such as telecommunications, with an important call center) and education (following the federal university, private colleges have been established in the city).
Today Juiz de Fora is an important commercial center for the surrounding region and is the core of an unofficial metropolitan area of more than 1 million inhabitants.
==Demography==
The population, which was 238,510 in 1970 with 7.6% living in rural areas is estimated to be 513,619 in 2005 with less than 1 percent living in rural areas. At this growth rate the population is estimated to pass 570,000 by 2010.
The population of Juiz de Fora since the first census, in 1872:
1872 - 18,800
1890 - 22,600
1920 - 118,500
1940 - 118,400
1950 - 111,300
1960 - 125,000
1970 - 238,500
1980 - 305,800
1991 - 385,100
1996 - 424,000
2000 - 456,400
2002 - 471,693
2005 - 501,153
2006 - 509,109
2007 - 513,348
2008 - 520,612
==Famous People From Juiz de Fora==
* [[Geraldo Majella Agnelo]] (cardinal and [[papabile]]) in the recent [[conclave]]
* [[Itamar Franco]] (former Brazilian President and former mayor of the city)
* [[Bernardo Mascarenhas]] (entrepreneur and builder of the [[Marmelos Zero Power Plant]], the first hydroelectric station in Latin America, located in Juiz de Fora)
* [[Hélio Costa]] (journalist and politician)
* [[Fernando Gabeira]] (writer, reporter, congressman)
Leda Nagle (journalist)
* [[Murilo Mendes]] (poet)
* [[Pedro Nava (writer)|Pedro Nava]] (writer and journalist)
* [[Arlindo Daibert]] (illustrator, printmaker)
* Dnar Rocha (painter - born in Tabuleiro)
* Carlos Bracher (painter and sculptor)
* Fani Bracher (painter and journalist)
* [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hip%C3%B3lito_Boaventura_Caron Hipólito Caron] (painter - born in Resende-RJ)
* Alberto Delpino (painter, sculptor and architect)
* Mendes Faria (painter and sculptor)
* Thais Helt (printmaker ans painter)
* João Magalhães (painter)
* Edson Motta (painter)
* Rui Santana (painter and printmaker)
* Renato Stehling (painter)
* J. Cézar Turatti (artist)
* Fernando Antônio Rocha Pitta Sampaio (artist)
* Ângelo Bigi (painter - born in Roma, Italy)
* Ruy Merheb (painter)
* Heitor de Alencar (painter - born in Sete Lagoas)
* Sílvio Aragão (painter - born in Rio Novo)
* [[Giovane Gávio]] (former Brazilian volleyball player)
* [[Fab Melo]] (NBA basketball player)
* [[Natália Guimarães]] (Miss Universe Brazil 2007)
[[Scheila Carvalho]] (model, dancer, and sex symbol)
[[Rodrigo Fagundes]] (comedian)
[[Andréia Horta]] (actress)
[[Lara Rodrigues]] (actress)
* [[Ana Carolina]] (Singer)
* [[Strike (Brazilian band)|Strike]] (power pop band)
==Sport==
Juiz de Fora is the home of [[Tupi Football Club]]. Tupi is the 1932 runner-up champion of [[Campeonato Mineiro]],<ref name="globoesporte.globo.com">http://globoesporte.globo.com/futebol/brasileirao-serie-d/noticia/2011/11/tupi-vence-estraga-festa-do-santa-cruz-e-conquista-o-titulo-da-serie-d.html</ref> and has won several city championships. Tupi won the [[Campeonato Mineiro (lower levels)|Minas Gerais Second Division]] in 2001, was 3rd place in [[2008 Campeonato Mineiro]] and won [[Taça Minas Gerais]] in 2008. It is widely regarded as one of the most important teams of the state, despite lacking national prestige. They won the [[2011 Campeonato Brasileiro Série D]] (national fourth division) after beating [[Santa Cruz Futebol Clube|Santa Cruz]] in both legs of the final,<ref name="globoesporte.globo.com"/> having qualified for the tournament after [[América Futebol Clube (Teófilo Otoni)|América de Teófilo Otoni]] withdrew before the start of the competition.<ref>http://placar.abril.com.br/brasileiro-serie-d/america-teofilo-otoni/noticias/america-to-desiste-de-disputar-a-serie-d.html</ref>
In 2011, [[UFJF]] [[volleyball]] team won promotion to [[Superliga Brasileira de Voleibol]] for the first time.<ref>http://www.acessa.com/esporte/arquivo/noticias/2011/09/02-volei/</ref> In its first season, UFJF finished 11th from 12 teams<ref>http://www.cbv.com.br/v1/superliga/estatisticas/p4bRM.pdf</ref> and is pending invitation to stay at the top division for 2012/13 season.<ref>http://www.espacodovolei.com/2012/04/esperando-convite-ufjf-trabalha-novos.html</ref>
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
{{commons category}}
*[http://www.jfmg.com.br Juiz de Fora Guide, in Portuguese]
*[http://www.ufjf.br/ Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora]
*[http://www.pjf.mg.gov.br/ Juiz de Fora city government]
*[http://wikitravel.org/pt/Juiz_de_Fora Wikitravel Article about Juiz de Fora]
*[http://www.emjf.com.br/ Juiz de Fora Virtual Tour]
*[http://www.jfminas.com.br/ Juiz de Fora and Region Tourist Guide]
{{Brazil topics}}
{{Demographics of Brazil}}
{{BrazilLargestCities}}
{{Coord|21|45|S|43|21|W|region:BR_type:city|display=title}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Juiz De Fora}}
[[Category:Populated places in Minas Gerais]]
{{Link FA|pt}}
[[bg:Жуиз ди Фора]]
[[ca:Juiz de Fora]]
[[de:Juiz de Fora]]
[[es:Juiz de Fora]]
[[eo:Juiz de Fora]]
[[fr:Juiz de Fora]]
[[gl:Juiz de Fora]]
[[ko:주이스지포라]]
[[io:Juiz de Fora]]
[[bpy:জুইজ ডে ফোরা]]
[[it:Juiz de Fora]]
[[kk:Жуис-ди-Фора]]
[[lt:Žuis de Fora]]
[[mg:Juiz de Fora]]
[[nl:Juiz de Fora (gemeente)]]
[[ja:ジュイス・デ・フォーラ]]
[[no:Juiz de Fora]]
[[oc:Juiz de Fora]]
[[pl:Juiz de Fora]]
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[[ro:Juiz de Fora]]
[[rm:Juiz de Fora]]
[[ru:Жуис-ди-Фора]]
[[sr:Жуиз де Фора]]
[[sh:Juiz de Fora]]
[[fi:Juiz de Fora]]
[[sv:Juiz de Fora]]
[[th:ชวีซ์ดีฟอรา]]
[[vi:Juiz de Fora]]
[[vo:Juiz de Fora]]
[[war:Juiz de Fora]]
[[zh:茹伊斯迪福拉]]' |
New page wikitext, after the edit (new_wikitext) | '<!-- Infobox begins !-->
{{Infobox settlement
|name = Juiz de Fora
|settlement_type = Municipality
|official_name = The Municipality of Juiz de Fora
|website = [http://www.pjf.mg.gov.br/ Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais]
|nickname = JF
|motto = ''Pro Patria et Urbe''
|image_skyline = Juiz de Fora MG.JPG
|imagesize = 250px
|image_caption = Top left:Aerial view of Juiz de Fora, Top right:Juiz de Fora City Hall at the junction of Rua Halfeld and Avenida Barão de Rio Branco, Bottom left:Statue of Christ on the Morro de Imperador, Bottom right:Mariano Procópio Museum
|image_flag = Bandeira_de_Juiz_de_Fora.svg
|image_seal = Brasaojf-mini.jpg
|image_map = MinasGerais Municip JuizdeFora.svg
|mapsize =
|map_caption = Location in [[Brazil]]
|coordinates_region = BR
|subdivision_type = [[Countries of the world|Country]]
|subdivision_type1 = [[Regions of Brazil|Region]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[States of Brazil|State]]
|subdivision_name = [[Brazil]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Southeast Region, Brazil|Southeast]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Minas Gerais]]
|leader_title = [[Mayor]]
|leader_name = [[Custódio Mattos]], [[Brazilian Social Democratic Party|PSDB]]
|established_title = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporated]]
|established_date = May 30, 1850
|area_magnitude =
|area_total_km2 = 1437
|area_total_sq_mi = 554.8
|area_land_km2 =
|area_land_sq_mi =
|area_water_km2 =
|area_water_sq_mi =
|area_water_percent =
|area_urban_km2 =
|area_urban_sq_mi =
|area_metro_km2 =
|area_metro_sq_mi =
|population_as_of = 2010
|population_note =
|population_footnotes =<ref name=totalpop>{{cite web|url = http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/estimativa2006/POP_2006_DOU.pdf | title = Estimativas das Populações Residentes, em 01.07.2006, Segundo os Municípios | language = in Portuguese | publisher = [[IBGE]] | accessdate = 2006-09-01}}</ref>
|population_total = 517872
|population_metro =
|population_urban =
|population_density_km2 = 354
|population_density_sq_mi = 916.9
|timezone = [[UTC-3]]
|utc_offset = -3
|timezone_DST = [[UTC-2]]
|utc_offset_DST = -2
|latd= 21
|latm= 13
|lats= 33
|latNS= S
|longd= 43
|longm= 46
|longs= 26
|longEW= W
|elevation_m = 678
|elevation_ft = 2,224
|area_code = +55 32
|postal_code_type = Postal Code
|postal_code = 36000-000
|blank_name =
|blank_info =
|footnotes =
}} <!-- Infobox ends !-->
'''Juiz de Fora''' ({{IPA-pt|ˈʒwiz dʒi ˈfɔɾɐ}}, ''[[:pt:juiz de fora|External Judge]]''), also known as '''J.F.''', is a city in the southeastern [[Brazil]]ian state of [[Minas Gerais]], located close to the state border with [[Rio de Janeiro (state)|Rio de Janeiro]]. According to 2006 estimates the current population is about 509,125 inhabitants. The geographical area of the municipality is {{convert|1,437|km2|abbr=on}}.
The city's location was determinant for its economic and demographic development, for it is placed between the three most important financial and economic metropolises of [[Southeast Region, Brazil|southeast Brazil]] (and also the three largest [[urban sprawl]]s of the country): Rio de Janeiro ({{convert|189|km|abbr=on}}), Belo Horizonte ({{convert|260|km|abbr=on}}) and São Paulo ({{convert|486|km|abbr=on}}). Major highways connect Juiz de Fora with these three metropolitan areas, the most important -and crucial for the city's recent growth- being the BR 040, which connects [[Brasília]], [[Rio de Janeiro]], and [[Belo Horizonte]]. Running throughout the city, the [[Paraibuna river]] is a major tributary of the [[Paraíba do Sul]] river, in which basin lies the core of Brazilian heavy and high-technology industries.
[[File:Http://www.theatrocentral.com.br/Categorias/243/1456.jpg|thumbnail|Cine-Theatro Central (1929 - by Raphael Arcuri)]]
==Industry, Trade, and Culture==
Juiz de Fora is the second most important industrial center in the state of [[Minas Gerais]], despite being the fourth largest in terms of population. It was once the state's largest city, position which was held up until the beginning of the 20th century (it held the second position until the 1990s). There are important steel mills and automotive factories ([[Mercedes-Benz]] being the most famous) in the city, along with several textile factories.
[[File:Http:/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Sede da prefeitura de Juiz de Fora %28de perto%29.jpg/800px-Sede da prefeitura de Juiz de Fora %28de perto%29.jpg|thumbnail|Seat of municipal government]]
[[File:Http:/upwiki/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Paco Municipal de Juiz de Fora %281928%29.jpg/463px-Paco Municipal de Juiz de Fora %281928%29.jpg|thumbnail|City Hall, on the corner of Av Halfeld with the Baron of Rio Branco, 1928]]
The city is also an important trade center, with considerable area of influence, being considered the capital of the [[Zona da Mata (Minas Gerais)|Zona da Mata]] region of the state. It has three shopping malls, several hyper-marts and a myriad of small shops that sell clothes and attract customers from a wide area around the city.
The massive presence of immigrants - especially from [[Portugal]], [[Italy]], [[Germany]], [[Syria]] and [[Lebanon]] and more recent [[China]] - throughout its history has given the city a cosmopolitan spirit and diverse cuisine. Walking down Avenida Rio Branco, (a broad and straight avenue several kilometers long) one can find typical German, Italian, Arabic, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese and Indian restaurants, as well as traditional Brazilian and vegetarian cuisine.
Juiz de Fora is an important regional cultural center, one of the few towns in south-east Minas Gerais to have permanently functional cinemas, theatres, music venues and light entertainment. There is a nationally important museum ([[Museu Mariano Procópio]]) and a Philharmonic Orchestra (Orquestra Filarmônica Pró-Musica). The city also hosts a yearly classical music festival, the Festival Internacional de Música Brasileira Colonial e Música Antiga (International Festival of Brazilian Colonial Music and Early Music). It is home to the "[[Meninos Cantores da Academia]]" the second oldest choir in this category in Brazil. Cultural life is also boosted by a Federal University and several private-owned colleges; making it a popular destination for students. Some of the courses at the [[Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora]] are reputedly among the best in Brazil.
The cultural life of Juiz de Fora is marked by great eclecticism, which can be seen in its architecture. Art Nouveau buildings dating from the first decade of the 20th century are intermingled with those in Art Déco style from the mid-20th century, as well as the architectural art works by Niemeyer.
Important roads:
* BR-040, linking JF to north-south cities in the middle part of the [[States of Brazil|states]] of [[Minas Gerais]] and [[Rio de Janeiro (state)|Rio de Janeiro]], such as [[Belo Horizonte]], [[Congonhas]], [[Conselheiro Lafaiete]], [[Barbacena]], [[Santos Dumont]], [[Sete Lagoas]], [[Três Rios]], [[Petrópolis]], [[Rio de Janeiro]] and [[Brasília]].
* BR-267, linking JF to east-west cities in the southern part of [[Minas Gerais]], such as [[Leopoldina, Minas Gerais|Leopoldina]], [[Bicas]], [[Lima Duarte (city)|Lima Duarte]], [[Bom Jardim de Minas]] and [[Caxambu]].
Important railroads:
* [[MRS Logística]].
Airports:
* [[Juiz de Fora Airport|Francisco Álvares de Assis Airport]] located in the neighborhood of Serrinha {{convert|6|km|abbr=on}} away.
* [[Zona da Mata Regional Airport|Pres. Itamar Franco Airport]] located {{convert|35|km|abbr=on}} way in the municipality of [[Goianá]].
==Climate==
Although lying close to tropical latitudes, the climate is relatively mild. The altitude of {{convert|700|to|900|m|abbr=on}} makes the weather usually cooler and rainier than the lower surrounding areas.
Under the [[Köppen climate classification]], Juiz de Fora's climate is classified as a [[humid subtropical climate]], with two distinct seasons, one hotter and rainier (October to April) and one cooler and drier (May to September). The average annual temperature is around {{convert|19|C}} with a maximum of {{convert|24|C}} and a minimum of {{convert|15|C}}. It is very humid with average humidity of 80%. The annual rainfall varies between {{convert|1300|and|1500|mm|abbr=on}}.
{{Weather box
|collapsed = Y
|location = Juiz de Fora
|metric first = Y
|single line = Y
|Jan high C = 25.9
|Feb high C = 26.8
|Mar high C = 25.7
|Apr high C = 23.9
|May high C = 22.8
|Jun high C = 21.2
|Jul high C = 21.2
|Aug high C = 22.2
|Sep high C = 21.4
|Oct high C = 23.8
|Nov high C = 24.5
|Dec high C = 25
|year high C = 23.7
|Jan low C = 17.8
|Feb low C = 18.2
|Mar low C = 17.5
|Apr low C = 16.3
|May low C = 15.4
|Jun low C = 13.2
|Jul low C = 12.5
|Aug low C = 12.4
|Sep low C = 13.4
|Oct low C = 15
|Nov low C = 16.2
|Dec low C = 16.9
|year low C = 15.4
|Jan precipitation mm = 299.8
|Feb precipitation mm = 217.4
|Mar precipitation mm = 198.3
|Apr precipitation mm = 107.1
|May precipitation mm = 65.4
|Jun precipitation mm = 34.2
|Jul precipitation mm = 27.5
|Aug precipitation mm = 16.5
|Sep precipitation mm = 49.9
|Oct precipitation mm = 112.4
|Nov precipitation mm = 191
|Dec precipitation mm = 327.1
|year precipitation mm = 1646.6
|Jan humidity = 83.4
|Feb humidity = 81.1
|Mar humidity = 83.9
|Apr humidity = 84.3
|May humidity = 83.3
|Jun humidity = 86
|Jul humidity = 77.9
|Aug humidity = 73.6
|Sep humidity = 83.1
|Oct humidity = 81.2
|Nov humidity = 81.3
|Dec humidity = 85.3
|year humidity = 82.03
|source 1 = [[Climate-charts]]<ref name="climate">[[Climate-charts]]—[http://www.climate-charts.com/Locations/b/BZ83692.php]. Retrieved 17 December 2010.</ref>
|date=December 2010
}}
==History==
[[Image:Juiz de fora (1893).jpg|thumb|Juiz de Fora in 1893.]]
[[Image:UFJF vista aerea.jpg|thumb|right|Federal University of Juiz de Fora]]
The origins of Juiz de Fora trace back to the beginnings of the 18th century, when a road called "Caminho Novo" (New Way) was opened, linking [[Rio de Janeiro]] to the gold rush area of [[Minas Gerais]]. The region was covered with dense forest (thus its name since, "Zona da Mata", ''Forest Zone''). Despite the opening of the new route, the area remained largely uninhabited, and most of its scarce settling was centered around the road itself. The first permanent inhabitants of the municipality were merchants and farmers who supplied the travelers's needs on the long road from the harbor to the gold region and vice-versa.
Further development would only take place after the decline of gold mining in the central zone of [[Minas Gerais]]. The capital previously invested in the mines was now invested in coffee plantations, and the region of [[Zona da Mata (Minas Gerais)|Zona da Mata]] became a fertile ground to invest. The position of the village then called Santo Antônio do [[Paraibuna]] was favorable due to the road connection with the capital of the country and its harbour.
In 1850, the small village was officially elevated to city status. Progress increased with the building of the modern União e Indústria (Union and Industry) road in 1861 to replace the Caminho Novo, its name reflecting the newfound wealth of the city, for industry replaced coffee-related agriculture as its economic heart. Five years later a new railroad line reached the city and in 1889 the first hydroelectric powerplant of Latin America was built on the Paraibuna river, on the outskirts of the city, along União Indústria.
As both foreign and domestic capital fueled the industry boom, the city became a major center (it then became the largest urban area of the state). It was such so that in the first decade of the 20th century, Juiz de Fora was among the main textile and industrial centers in [[South America]], and in [[Brazil]] particularly, the city's wealth was second to few centers (such as [[São Paulo]] and [[Rio de Janeiro]]). As the coffee rush frontier moved southweswards, it reached the [[state of São Paulo]] and its immensely fertile plateaus. As the State became the richest in the federation, industry flourished, as had happened to Juiz de Fora itself. The city of Juiz de Fora saw itself, then, as the only major industrial center in a state that was being much surpassed by [[São Paulo]] in industrial output and worse still, much of the wealth generated by the state (a large bulk by Juiz de Fora itself) was being used in the building of the new state capital, [[Belo Horizonte]] (replacing [[Ouro Preto]], at the center of the gold region), founded by the end of the 19th century and intended to be the largest of the state, following the Brazilian and Latin-American tradition of centralization. The [[Great Depression]] of the 30's worsened the city's decadence, which would only be overcome five decades later. By the 1940s, the city had lost its nation-wide influence, due to the continued growth of Belo Horizonte and the loss of industry.
The city's decay can be seen in the figures for its population, which remained stagnant from the early 1930s to the late 1960s. By the mid-1970s, the city started to experience new growth, which continues to this day. This new era began with the stabilizing of a federal university ([[UFJF]]) in the city and the decision by the Brazilian military junta, (1964–1985) to promote the city as a major military center. This sparked a phenomenon rarely experienced by post-industrial towns: the industrial rebirth of the city, this time following Brazilian industrialization itself, based on heavy-industry, such as steel and engineering.
Recently, the city seems to be experiencing a new era in its history, again following a boom in Brazilian economy, and is reinventing itself as a major center for services (such as telecommunications, with an important call center) and education (following the federal university, private colleges have been established in the city).
Today Juiz de Fora is an important commercial center for the surrounding region and is the core of an unofficial metropolitan area of more than 1 million inhabitants.
==Demography==
The population, which was 238,510 in 1970 with 7.6% living in rural areas is estimated to be 513,619 in 2005 with less than 1 percent living in rural areas. At this growth rate the population is estimated to pass 570,000 by 2010.
The population of Juiz de Fora since the first census, in 1872:
1872 - 18,800
1890 - 22,600
1920 - 118,500
1940 - 118,400
1950 - 111,300
1960 - 125,000
1970 - 238,500
1980 - 305,800
1991 - 385,100
1996 - 424,000
2000 - 456,400
2002 - 471,693
2005 - 501,153
2006 - 509,109
2007 - 513,348
2008 - 520,612
==Famous People From Juiz de Fora==
* [[Geraldo Majella Agnelo]] (cardinal and [[papabile]]) in the recent [[conclave]]
* [[Itamar Franco]] (former Brazilian President and former mayor of the city)
* [[Bernardo Mascarenhas]] (entrepreneur and builder of the [[Marmelos Zero Power Plant]], the first hydroelectric station in Latin America, located in Juiz de Fora)
* [[Hélio Costa]] (journalist and politician)
* [[Fernando Gabeira]] (writer, reporter, congressman)
Leda Nagle (journalist)
* [[Murilo Mendes]] (poet)
* [[Pedro Nava (writer)|Pedro Nava]] (writer and journalist)
* [[Arlindo Daibert]] (illustrator, printmaker)
* Dnar Rocha (painter - born in Tabuleiro)
* Carlos Bracher (painter and sculptor)
* Fani Bracher (painter and journalist)
* [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hip%C3%B3lito_Boaventura_Caron Hipólito Caron] (painter - born in Resende-RJ)
* Alberto Delpino (painter, sculptor and architect)
* Mendes Faria (painter and sculptor)
* Thais Helt (printmaker ans painter)
* João Magalhães (painter)
* Edson Motta (painter)
* Rui Santana (painter and printmaker)
* Renato Stehling (painter)
* J. Cézar Turatti (artist)
* Fernando Antônio Rocha Pitta Sampaio (artist)
* Ângelo Bigi (painter - born in Roma, Italy)
* Ruy Merheb (painter)
* Heitor de Alencar (painter - born in Sete Lagoas)
* Sílvio Aragão (painter - born in Rio Novo)
* [[Giovane Gávio]] (former Brazilian volleyball player)
* [[Fab Melo]] (NBA basketball player)
* [[Natália Guimarães]] (Miss Universe Brazil 2007)
[[Scheila Carvalho]] (model, dancer, and sex symbol)
[[Rodrigo Fagundes]] (comedian)
[[Andréia Horta]] (actress)
[[Lara Rodrigues]] (actress)
* [[Ana Carolina]] (Singer)
* [[Strike (Brazilian band)|Strike]] (power pop band)
==Sport==
Juiz de Fora is the home of [[Tupi Football Club]]. Tupi is the 1932 runner-up champion of [[Campeonato Mineiro]],<ref name="globoesporte.globo.com">http://globoesporte.globo.com/futebol/brasileirao-serie-d/noticia/2011/11/tupi-vence-estraga-festa-do-santa-cruz-e-conquista-o-titulo-da-serie-d.html</ref> and has won several city championships. Tupi won the [[Campeonato Mineiro (lower levels)|Minas Gerais Second Division]] in 2001, was 3rd place in [[2008 Campeonato Mineiro]] and won [[Taça Minas Gerais]] in 2008. It is widely regarded as one of the most important teams of the state, despite lacking national prestige. They won the [[2011 Campeonato Brasileiro Série D]] (national fourth division) after beating [[Santa Cruz Futebol Clube|Santa Cruz]] in both legs of the final,<ref name="globoesporte.globo.com"/> having qualified for the tournament after [[América Futebol Clube (Teófilo Otoni)|América de Teófilo Otoni]] withdrew before the start of the competition.<ref>http://placar.abril.com.br/brasileiro-serie-d/america-teofilo-otoni/noticias/america-to-desiste-de-disputar-a-serie-d.html</ref>
In 2011, [[UFJF]] [[volleyball]] team won promotion to [[Superliga Brasileira de Voleibol]] for the first time.<ref>http://www.acessa.com/esporte/arquivo/noticias/2011/09/02-volei/</ref> In its first season, UFJF finished 11th from 12 teams<ref>http://www.cbv.com.br/v1/superliga/estatisticas/p4bRM.pdf</ref> and is pending invitation to stay at the top division for 2012/13 season.<ref>http://www.espacodovolei.com/2012/04/esperando-convite-ufjf-trabalha-novos.html</ref>
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
{{commons category}}
*[http://www.jfmg.com.br Juiz de Fora Guide, in Portuguese]
*[http://www.ufjf.br/ Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora]
*[http://www.pjf.mg.gov.br/ Juiz de Fora city government]
*[http://wikitravel.org/pt/Juiz_de_Fora Wikitravel Article about Juiz de Fora]
*[http://www.emjf.com.br/ Juiz de Fora Virtual Tour]
*[http://www.jfminas.com.br/ Juiz de Fora and Region Tourist Guide]
{{Brazil topics}}
{{Demographics of Brazil}}
{{BrazilLargestCities}}
{{Coord|21|45|S|43|21|W|region:BR_type:city|display=title}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Juiz De Fora}}
[[Category:Populated places in Minas Gerais]]
{{Link FA|pt}}
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