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'{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2012}} {{Use British English|date=August 2012}} {{Geobox|Protected Area <!-- *** Name section *** --> | name = Yorkshire Dales | native_name = The Dales | other_name = | other_name1 = <!-- *** Category *** --> | category_local = [[National parks of England and Wales|National Park of England]] | category_iucn = V <!-- *** Image *** --> | image = YorkshireDalesSign.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = National park entrance sign, near [[Skipton]] <!-- *** Country etc. *** --> | country = United Kingdom | country_flag = 1 | state = England | state_flag = 1 | state_type = Part | region = North Yorkshire | region_type = Counties | region1 = Cumbria | region2 = | region3 = | region4 = | region5 = | city = | city1 = | location = | lat_d = | lat_m = | lat_s = | lat_NS = | long_d = | long_m = | long_s = | long_EW = | elevation = <!-- *** Nature *** --> | biome = | biome_share = | biome1 = | biome1_share = | geology = | geology1 = | plant = | plant1 = | animal = | animal1 = <!-- *** Geography *** --> | area = 1769 | area1 = | area1_type = | length = | length_orientation = | width = | width_orientation = | highest = | highest_location = [[Whernside]] | highest_lat_d = | highest_lat_m = | highest_lat_s = | highest_lat_NS = | highest_long_d = | highest_long_m = | highest_long_s = | highest_long_EW = | highest_elevation = 736 | lowest = | lowest_location = | lowest_lat_d = | lowest_lat_m = | lowest_lat_s = | lowest_lat_NS = | lowest_long_d = | lowest_long_m = | lowest_long_s = | lowest_long_EW = | lowest_elevation = <!-- *** People *** --> | established_type = [[National parks of England and Wales|National Park of England]] | established = 1954 | established1_type = | established1 = | management_body = | management_location = | management_lat_d = | management_lat_m = | management_lat_s = | management_lat_NS = | management_long_d = | management_long_m = | management_long_s = | management_long_EW = | management_elevation = | visitation = | visitation_year = <!-- *** Free fields *** --> | free_type = | free = | free1_type = | free1 = <!-- *** Map section *** --> | map = Yorkshire Dales National Park.png | map_locator_x = | map_locator_y = | map_size = | map_caption = Yorkshire Dales National Park within [[North Yorkshire]] | map_first = <!-- *** Website *** --> | website = }} The '''Yorkshire Dales''' (also known as simply '''The Dales''') is an upland area of [[Northern England]] dissected by numerous valleys. The area lies within the [[Historic counties of England|county boundaries]] of historic [[Yorkshire]], though it spans the [[ceremonial counties of England|ceremonial counties]] of [[North Yorkshire]], [[West Yorkshire]] and [[Cumbria]]. Most of the area falls within the Yorkshire Dales National Park, created in 1954 and now one of the fifteen [[National parks of Britain]], but the term also includes areas to the east of the National Park, notably [[Nidderdale]]. The Dales is a collection of river [[valley]]s and the hills among them, rising from the [[Vale of York]] westwards to the hilltops of the main [[Pennine]] [[Drainage divide|watershed]]. In some places the area extends westwards across the watershed, but most of the valleys drain eastwards to the Vale of York, into the [[River Ouse, Yorkshire|Ouse]] and then the [[Humber]]. The word ''dale'' comes from the [[North Germanic languages|Nordic]]/[[Germanic languages|Germanic]] word for valley (''dal'', ''tal''), and occurs in valley names across Yorkshire and Northern England. but the name Yorkshire Dales is generally used to refer specifically to the dales west of the [[Vale of York]] and north of the [[West Yorkshire Urban Area]]. The Yorkshire Dales is served by its own radio station, [[Fresh Radio]], which broadcasts programmes from studio bases in [[Skipton]] and [[Richmond, North Yorkshire|Richmond]]. ==Geography== {{Unreferenced section|date=December 2009}} Most of the dales in the Yorkshire Dales are named after their river or stream (e.g., Arkengarthdale, formed by Arkle Beck). The best-known exception to this rule is [[Wensleydale]], which is named after the small village and former market town of Wensley, rather than the [[River Ure]], although an older name for the dale is Yoredale. In fact, [[valley]]s all over [[Yorkshire]] are called "(name of river)+[[Valley|dale]]"—but only the more northern Yorkshire valleys (and only the upper, rural, reaches) are included in the term "The Dales". For example, the southern boundary area lies in [[Wharfedale]] and [[Airedale]]. The lower reaches of these valleys are not usually included in the area, and [[Calderdale]], much further south, would not normally be referred to as part of "The Dales" even though it is a dale, is in Yorkshire, and the upper reaches are as scenic and rural as many valleys further north. Geographically, the classical Yorkshire Dales spread to the north from the market and [[spa town]]s of [[Settle]], [[Skipton]], [[Ilkley]] and [[Harrogate]] in North Yorkshire, with most of the larger southern dales (e.g. Ribblesdale, Malhamdale and Airedale, Wharfedale and Nidderdale) running roughly parallel from north to south. The more northerly dales such as Wensleydale and Swaledale run generally from west to east. There are also many other smaller or lesser known dales such as Arkengarthdale, Bishopdale, Clapdale, Coverdale, Kingsdale, Littondale, Langstrothdale, Raydale, Waldendale and the Washburn Valley whose tributary streams and rivers feed into the larger valleys, and Barbondale, Dentdale, Deepdale and Garsdale which feed west to the [[River Lune]]. The characteristic scenery of the Dales is green upland pastures separated by [[dry-stone wall]]s and grazed by [[sheep]] and [[cattle]]. The [[Valley|dale]]s themselves are 'U' and 'V' shaped valleys, which were enlarged and shaped by [[glaciers]], mainly in the most recent [[Devensian]] [[ice age]]. The underlying rock is principally [[Carboniferous Limestone]] (which results in a number of areas of [[limestone pavement]]) in places interspersed with [[shale]] and [[sandstone]] and topped with [[Millstone Grit]]. To the north and west of the [[Dent Fault]], the hills are principally formed from older [[Silurian]] and [[Ordovician]] rocks, which make up the [[Howgill Fells]]. Many of the upland areas consist of [[Calluna|heather]] [[moorland]], used for [[grouse]] [[shooting]] in the months following 12 August each year (the [[Glorious Twelfth|'Glorious Twelfth']]). [[File:Western Face of Thwaites scars.jpg|thumb|800px|center|Cliffs of [[Carboniferous Limestone]] are a common geological feature in the Yorkshire Dales, this [[panoramic image]] shows the western face of [[Thwaites Scars]] taken from Long Lane.]] ==Tourism== The majority of visitors are sightseers, with 75% visiting to drive around and 65% walking around. This indicates that most are there to take in the beauty of the surroundings. 26% also partake in hiking nature trails and spotting wildlife. 45% visit an information centre and 35% visit a castle or other historic site. 94% of visitors travel in a private mode of transport, with 90% using a car. The remaining 6% travel using public transport.<ref>[http://www.yorkshiredales.org.uk/educationfile08-tourism.pdf Yorkshire Dales Tourism Information educational files]</ref> ==Cave systems== [[File:Gaping Gill.jpg|thumb|right|Gaping Gill]] <!-- Image with unknown copyright status removed: [[File:Gaping Gill Floor.jpg|thumb|right|Impressive size of Gaping Gill]] --> Because of the limestone that runs throughout the Dales, there are extensive [[cave]] systems present across the area, making it one of the major areas for [[caving]] in the UK. Some of these are open to the public for cave tours.<ref>[http://www.yorkshire.com/outdoors/rocksports/caving-and-show-caves] Caves and Caving in the Yorkshire Dales<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> The systems include: * [[Gaping Gill|Gaping Gill System]] * [[Alum Pot]] System * [[Mossdale Caverns]] * Kingsdale Caverns * [[Leck Fell|Leck Fell Caves]] * [[Easegill System]] * [[White Scar Caves]] in [[Chapel-le-Dale]] near [[Ingleton, North Yorkshire|Ingleton]],<ref>[http://www.whitescarcave.co.uk/frame.htm White Scar Caves]</ref> * [[Ingleborough Cave]]<ref>[http://ingleboroughcave.co.uk/ Ingleborough Cave]</ref> in Clapdale near [[Clapham, North Yorkshire|Clapham]] * [[Stump Cross Caverns]]<ref>[http://www.stumpcrosscaverns.co.uk/ Stump Cross Caverns]</ref> near [[Pateley Bridge]]. * [[Nidderdale Caves|Goyden System]] near [[Pateley Bridge]] ==Yorkshire Dales National Park== [[File:Hawes house 01.JPG|thumb|right|Stone houses in [[Hawes]], a typical example of Dales architecture]] [[File:Dry stone wall 20.JPG|thumb|right|Limestone hills and [[dry-stone wall]]s in the west of the Yorkshire Dales. This part of the national park is popular with walkers due to the presence of the [[Yorkshire three peaks]].]] In 1954 an area of {{convert|1770|km2}} was designated the '''Yorkshire Dales National Park'''. Most of the [[National Parks of England and Wales|National Park]] is in [[North Yorkshire]], though part lies within [[Cumbria]]. The whole park lies within the historic boundaries of [[Yorkshire]], divided between the [[North Riding of Yorkshire|North Riding]] and the [[West Riding of Yorkshire|West Riding]]. The park is {{convert|50|mi|km}} north east of [[Manchester]]; [[Leeds]] and Bradford lie to the south, while Kendal is to the west, Darlington to the northeast and Harrogate to the southeast.<ref>[http://www.yorkshiredales.org.uk/ Welcome to the Yorkshire Dales National Park<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> A proposed westward extension to the park would encompass much of the area between the current park and the [[M6 motorway]], coming close to the towns of [[Kirkby Lonsdale]], [[Kirkby Stephen]] and [[Appleby-in-Westmorland]].<ref>[http://www.naturalengland.org.uk/ourwork/conservation/designatedareas/new/northwestdesignationproject/default.aspx Natural England - Lakes to Dales Landscape Designation Project]</ref> This proposal to add 162 square miles to the park has now been agreed by all interested parties and merely awaits ministerial approval. For the first time the Yorkshire Dales and Lake District national parks will be contiguous.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-15082564 |title=BBC News - Yorkshire Dales National Park expansion plans agreed |accessdate=29 September 2011 | date=28 September 2011}}</ref> Over 20,000 residents live and work in the park, which attracts over eight million visitors every year.<ref> {{cite web |url=http://www.yorkshiredales.org.uk/educationfile08-tourism.pdf |title=Yorkshire Dales National Park Authority - Tourism Education file |publisher=www.yorkshiredales.org.uk |accessdate=2011-09-20 |last= |first= }} </ref> The area has a large collection of activities for visitors. For example, many people come to the Dales for walking or exercise. The National Park is crossed by several long-distance routes including the [[Pennine Way]], the [[Dales Way]], the Coast to Coast Path and the latest national trail — the [[Pennine Bridleway]].<ref>[http://www.yorkshiredales.org.uk/index/enjoying/things_to_do_in_the_dales.htm Yorkshire Dales National Park Authority - Things to do<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Cycling is also popular and there are several cycleways.<ref>[http://www.cyclethedales.org.uk/ Cycle the Dales<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> The Park has its own museum, the [[Dales Countryside Museum]], housed in a conversion of the [[Hawes railway station]] in [[Wensleydale]] in the north of the area.<ref>[http://www.yorkshiredales.org.uk/index/enjoying/dales_countryside_museum.htm Yorkshire Dales National Park Authority - Dales Countryside Museum<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> The park has five visitor centres located in major destinations in the park.<ref>[http://www.yorkshiredales.org.uk/index/enjoying/national_park_centres_1.htm Yorkshire Dales National Park Authority - National Park Centres<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> These are at: * [[Aysgarth Falls]] * [[Grassington]] * [[Hawes]] * [[Malham]] * [[Reeth]] Other places and sights within the National Park include: * [[Bolton Castle]] * [[Clapham, North Yorkshire|Clapham]] * [[Cautley Spout]] waterfall * [[Gaping Gill]] * [[Hardraw Force]] * [[Horton in Ribblesdale]] * [[Kisdon Force]] (waterfall) in [[Swaledale]] * [[Malham Cove]] and [[Gordale Scar]] * [[Sedbergh]] * [[Settle]] * [[Settle-Carlisle Railway|Settle and Carlisle Railway]] including the [[Ribblehead Viaduct]] * The [[Yorkshire Three Peaks]] ==List of Dales== [[File:Janet's Foss 2.jpg|thumb|right|Janet's Foss, near [[Malham]]]] [[File:Ingleborough whole.JPG|250px|thumb|right|Ingleborough as seen from the peat bog below]] * [[Airedale]] * [[Arkengarthdale]] * [[Barbon Beck|Barbondale]] * [[Birkdale, North Yorkshire|Birkdale]] * [[Bishopdale, North Yorkshire|Bishopdale]] * [[Chapel-le-Dale]] * [[Coverdale (dale)|Coverdale]] * [[Dentdale]] * [[Garsdale]] * [[Langstrothdale]] * [[Littondale]] * [[Kingsdale]] * [[Malham]]dale * [[Nidderdale]] * [[Ribblesdale]] * [[Swaledale]] * [[Wensleydale]] * [[Wharfedale]] ==See also== * [[List of peaks in the Yorkshire Dales]] * [[Geology of Yorkshire]] * [[Pennines]] ==References== {{Reflist}} ==External links== {{commons category|Yorkshire Dales}} {{Wikivoyage|Yorkshire Dales}} * [http://www.yorkshire.com/yorkshire-dales Yorkshire Dales Tourist Board] * [http://www.yorkshiredales.org.uk/ Yorkshire Dales National Park Authority] * [http://www.yds.org.uk Yorkshire Dales Society] * [http://www.yorkshiredalesriverstrust.org.uk/ Yorkshire Dales Rivers Trust] <!-- Please bear in mind that Wikipedia is an encyclopedia and not a directory. It may be that one or two links will add something to a page however they must only be placed on the relevant page and will always be subject to review by wikipedians.--> {{National_parks_in_the_UK}} {{coord|54|16|N|2|05|W|region:GB_type:landmark_source:dewiki|display=title}} [[Category:Yorkshire Dales|*]] [[Category:Geography of North Yorkshire]] [[Category:Geography of West Yorkshire]] [[Category:Geography of Cumbria]] [[Category:Visitor attractions in North Yorkshire]] [[Category:Visitor attractions in West Yorkshire]] [[Category:Visitor attractions in Cumbria]] [[Category:National parks in England]] [[Category:Parks and open spaces in Cumbria]] [[Category:Parks and open spaces in North Yorkshire]] [[Category:Parks and open spaces in West Yorkshire]] [[Category:Protected areas established in 1954]] [[cs:Yorkshire Dales]] [[da:Yorkshire Dales]] [[de:Yorkshire Dales]] [[es:Yorkshire Dales]] [[fr:Yorkshire Dales]] [[id:Taman Nasional Yorkshire Dales]] [[nl:Yorkshire Dales National Park]] [[no:Yorkshire Dales]] [[nn:Yorkshire Dales]] [[pnb:یارکشائر ڈیلز]] [[pl:Yorkshire Dales]] [[qu:Yorkshire Dales mama llaqta parki]] [[ru:Йоркшир-Дейлз (национальный парк)]] [[simple:Yorkshire Dales]] [[fi:Yorkshire Dales]] [[zh:约克郡谷地]]'