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'The '''1994–95 Major League Baseball strike''' was the eighth [[Strike action|work stoppage]] in baseball history, as well as the fourth in-season work stoppage in 22 years.<ref name="WorkStoppages">{{cite web|title=Labor Pains|url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/baseball/news/2002/05/25/work_stopppages/|date=August 8, 2002|accessdate=July 23, 2009|work=CNNSI.com}}</ref> The 232-day strike, which lasted from August 12, 1994, to April 2, 1995, led to the cancellation of between 931 and 948 games overall, and the entire 1994 [[Major League Baseball postseason|postseason]] and [[1994 World Series|World Series]].<ref name="WorkStoppages"/> The cancellation of the 1994 World Series was the first since 1904; meanwhile, [[Major League Baseball]] became the first professional sport to lose its entire postseason due to a labor dispute. The strike has been considered one of the worst work stoppages in sports history and it left the fans and the sports world outraged.<ref name="ActOfWar">{{cite news|last=Maske|first=Mark|title=After the Strike, Baseball's Disgusted Fans Decide to Strike Back|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|date=April 30, 1995|page=A1}}</ref> ==Strike== '''Bold text''' YOU ARE THE UGLIEST PERSON I HAVE EVER SEEN, JUST SHUT UP. YOU ARE GOING TO FAIL THIS ASSIGNMENT. YEAH WHAT NO INFORMATION HUH BIOTCH ===June=== As negotiations continued to heat up, the owners decided to withhold $7.8 million that they were required to pay per previous agreement into the players' pension and benefit plans. The final straw came on June 23 when the [[U.S. Senate Committee on the Judiciary|Senate Judiciary Committee]] failed to approve an [[antitrust]] legislation by a vote of 10–7. According to Donald Fehr, the action left the players with little choice but to strike. "We felt in '94 we were pushed into it," said Donald Fehr, executive director of the Major League Baseball Players Association. "I still think that's a justified conclusion."<ref>{{cite news|last=Lopresti|first=Mike|title=Strike timeline|url=http://www.usatoday.com/sports/baseball/2004-09-13-strike-timeline_x.htm|accessdate=July 8, 2011|newspaper=USA Today|date=September 13, 2004}}</ref> ===July–August=== On July 28, the Players Association executive board set August 12, 1994 as a strike date.<ref>{{cite news|title=Players Set Strike Date: Aug. 12; Meetings Set; Free Agency Pivotal|last=Bamberger|first=Michael|newspaper=The Philadelphia Inquirer|date=July 29, 1994|page=D1}}</ref> When that day came, the players went ahead with their threat to walk off the job.<ref>{{cite news|title=No runs, no hits, no errors: Baseball goes on strike|last=Chass|first=Murray|newspaper=The New York Times|date=August 12, 1994|page=A1|authorlink=Murray Chass|url=http://www.nytimes.com/1994/08/12/us/baseball-no-runs-no-hits-no-errors-baseball-goes-on-strike.html?pagewanted=print&src=pm| accessdate= 29 January 2012 <!--DASHBot-->}}</ref> On August 31, three-and-a-half hours of negotiations with federal mediators produced no progress in the strike, and no further talks were scheduled as the strike went into its 4th week. According to then-acting [[Commissioner of Baseball|commissioner]] [[Bud Selig]], September 9 was the tentative deadline for canceling the rest of the season if no agreement was reached between the owners and players. The MLBPA offered a counterproposal to ownership on September 8 calling for a two-percent tax on the 16 franchises with the highest payrolls to be divided among the other 12 clubs. Teams in both leagues would share 25% of all gate receipts under the MLBPA's plan. The owners responded by claiming that the measures wouldn't meet the cost. The rest of the season, including the [[1994 World Series|World Series]], was called off by Bud Selig on September 14.<ref name="Cancellation">{{cite news|title=BASEBALL: THE SEASON; Owners Terminate Season, Without the World Series|last=Chass|first=Murray|newspaper=The New York Times|date=September 15, 1994|page=A1|url=http://www.nytimes.com/1994/09/15/sports/baseball-the-season-owners-terminate-season-without-the-world-series.html?pagewanted=print&src=pm| accessdate= 30 January 2012 <!--DASHBot-->}}</ref> Selig acknowledged that the strike had torn an irreparable hole in the game's fabric.<ref name="Cancellation"/> The move to cancel the rest of the season meant the loss of $580 million in ownership revenue and $230 million in player salaries. In 1994, the average MLB salary was an estimated $1.2 million. ===December=== On December 5, it was announced that [[Richard Ravitch]] would step down as negotiator for the owners on December 31, 1994. Ravitch instead resigned on December 6, 1994. On December 14, labor talks headed by federal mediator [[William Usery Jr.|Bill Usery]] broke down. The next day, the owners approved a salary cap plan by a vote of 25–3, but agreed to delay implementing it so that another round of talks with the players could be held. On December 23, with negotiations at a standstill, the owners unilaterally implemented a salary cap.{{Citation needed|date=August 2010}} ===January 1995=== On January 4, 1995, five bills aimed at ending the baseball strike were introduced into [[Congress of the United States|Congress]].<ref>{{ cite news|title=Congress introduces antitrust-repeal bills|last=Dodd|first=Mike|newspaper=USA Today|date=January 5, 1995|page=1C}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Teams Prepare for Replacements Baseball: Committee discusses contingencies for playing in '95|first=Ross|last=Newhan|newspaper=The Los Angeles Times|date=January 5, 1995|page=C2|authorlink=Ross Newhan|quote=Five bills pertaining to repeal of the game's antitrust exemption were introduced in Congress on the first day of the new session.}}</ref> The next day, Donald Fehr declared all 895 unsigned Major League players to be free agents in response to unilateral contract changes made by the owners.<ref>{{cite news|title=Unsigned Players Called Free Agents|last=Chass|first=Murray|newspaper=The New York Times|date=January 6, 1995|page=B12}}</ref> On January 10, [[arbitration|arbitrator]] Thomas Roberts awarded 11 players a total of almost $10 million as a result of [[collusion]] charges brought against the owners. On January 26, both players and owners were ordered by [[President of the United States|President]] [[Bill Clinton]] to resume bargaining and reach an agreement by February 6. Unfortunately, President Clinton's deadline came and went with no resolution of the strike. Just five days earlier, the owners agreed to revoke the salary cap and return to the old agreement. ===Replacement players=== {{Main|List of Major League Baseball replacement players}} After the deadline passed with no compromises, the use of replacement players for spring training and regular season games was approved by baseball's executive council on January 13. Replacement players (among them, former [[Boston Red Sox]] pitcher [[Oil Can Boyd|Dennis "Oil Can" Boyd]]) were reportedly guaranteed US$5,000 for reporting to spring training and another $5,000 if they made the Opening Day roster. Declared Selig, "We are committed to playing the 1995 season and will do so with the best players willing to play." [[1995 Baltimore Orioles season|Baltimore Orioles]] owner [[Peter Angelos]], on the other hand, announced that his team wouldn't use replacement players (due in no small part to the fact that [[Cal Ripken, Jr.]] was going for [[Lou Gehrig]]'s consecutive games record, but mainly due to Angelos's career as a union side attorney). On March 20, Angelos's Orioles canceled the remainder of their spring training games because of the team's refusal to use replacement players. The next day, the [[Maryland House of Delegates]] approved legislation to bar teams playing at [[Oriole Park at Camden Yards|Camden Yards]] from using replacement players. On March 26, the MLB announced that the [[1995 MLB season|1995 season]] would be reduced from 162 games per team to 144 games per team as a result of the use of replacement players. In addition to Peter Angelos's problems, [[1995 Detroit Tigers season|Detroit Tigers]] manager [[Sparky Anderson]] was put on an involuntary leave of absence as he refused to manage replacement players. Two days after Anderson's punishment, the [[1995 Toronto Blue Jays season|Toronto Blue Jays]] assigned manager [[Cito Gaston]] and his coaching staff to work with minor league players so that they wouldn't have to deal with replacement players. On March 14, the players' union announced that it would not settle the strike if replacement players were used in regular season games, and if results were not voided. On March 28, the Ontario Labour Board announced that replacement umpires would not be allowed to work Blue Jays home games. Under the [[Ontario]] labor law then in force, replacement workers were not permitted to be used during a strike or lockout. The Blue Jays opted to play their home games at their Spring Training facility in [[Dunedin, Florida]] as long as replacement players were used. ===Michael Jordan's baseball career shortened by strike=== [[File:Jordan Scorpians.jpg|thumb|Michael Jordan while playing with the Scottsdale Scorpions]] [[Michael Jordan]] surprised the sports world by signing a [[minor league baseball]] contract with the [[Chicago White Sox]]. He reported to [[spring training]] and was assigned to the team's minor league system on March 31, 1994.<ref name="JordanChronology">{{cite web|url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/basketball/nba/news/1999/01/11/jordan_chronology/|title=Michael Jordan Chronology|publisher=sportsillustrated.cnn.com|date=January 12, 1999|accessdate=March 15, 2007|work=CNNSI.com}}</ref> Jordan has stated this decision was made to pursue the dream of his late father, who had always envisioned his son as a [[Major League Baseball]] player.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/basketball/nba/1999/jordan_retires/news/1999/01/12/jordan_legacy/|title=Michael Jordan A Tribute|work=CNN/SI|publisher=SI.com|accessdate=March 7, 2007}}</ref> The White Sox were another team owned by Bulls owner [[Jerry Reinsdorf]], who continued to honor Jordan's basketball contract during the years he played baseball.<ref>{{cite news|last=Araton|first=Harvey|title=Jordan Keeping the Basketball World in Suspense|newspaper=The New York Times|date=March 10, 1995|accessdate=March 24, 2008|url=http://www.nytimes.com/1995/03/10/sports/basketball-jordan-keeping-the-basketball-world-in-suspense.html?pagewanted=print&src=pm}}</ref> In 1994, Jordan played for the [[Birmingham Barons]], a Double-A minor league affiliate of the [[Chicago White Sox]], [[batting average|batting]] .202 with three [[home run]]s, 51 [[runs batted in]], 30 [[stolen base]]s, and 11 [[error (baseball)|errors]]. He also appeared for the [[Scottsdale Scorpions]] in the 1994 [[Arizona Fall League]], batting .252 against the top prospects in baseball. On February 17, 1995 Jordan celebrated his 32nd birthday in Sarasota, Fla. as the White Sox opened spring training. On March 2, 1995, Jordan left the White Sox spring training camp after the team split into those who would play exhibition games and those who would not. Jordan had vowed earlier to stay out of the middle of the strike (not be a replacement player). He kept his vow and around March 7–9, 1995 Jordan appeared at the [[Chicago Bulls]]' Berto Center training facility, prompting speculation that he was returning to basketball. On March 18, 1995, Jordan announced his return to the NBA through a press release: "I'm back."<ref name="JordanChronology"/> ==Strike ends== On March 28, the players voted to return to work if a [[United States district court|U.S. District Court]] judge supported the [[National Labor Relations Board]]'s unfair labor practices complaint against the owners (which was filed on March 27). By a vote of 27–3, owners supported the use of replacement players. The strike ended when future [[United States Supreme Court|Supreme Court]] justice [[Sonia Sotomayor]] issued a preliminary injunction against the owners on March 31.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://espn.go.com/espn/print?id=4206638&type=story|title=Sotomayor helped in '95 baseball strike|date=May 26, 2009|accessdate=September 21, 2012|work=ESPN.com}}</ref> On Sunday, April 2, 1995, the day before the season was scheduled to start, the 232 day long strike was finally over. Judge Sotomayor's decision received support from a panel of the [[United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit|Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit]], which denied the owners' request to stay the ruling. ===Consequences=== The 1995 season, which was revised to 144 games instead of the normal 162 (a decision that was made on March 26), began on April 24 under the conditions of the expired contract despite the lack of a [[Collective bargaining|collective bargaining agreement]]. The regular officials continued to be locked out until May 3. ==Post-strike== ===1995 season=== On the first days of the 1995 season, the fans showed that they were angry and declared the strike as an act of war.<ref name="ActOfWar"/> Attendance at the games plummeted, as did television ratings, as was the case (to a lesser extent) during the last significant [[1981 Major League Baseball strike|players strike]] in 1981.<ref name="SilentSpring">{{cite news|title=Baseball Is Suffering A Silent Spring|last=Kornheiser|first=Tony|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=April 29, 1995|page=H1}}</ref> Prior to Friday, August 12, 1994, a total of 50,010,016 fans had attended the 1,600 MLB regular season games played from Sunday, April 3 to Thursday, August 11, for an average of 31,256 per game. In the 2,016 games of the 1995 MLB regular season, only 50,416,880 fans attended, for an average attendance of just 25,008 per game.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.baseball-reference.com/leagues/MLB/1994-misc.shtml|title=1994 Major League Baseball Attendance & Miscellaneous|work=baseball-reference.com|publisher=Sports Publishing LLC| accessdate= 2 March 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.baseball-reference.com/leagues/MLB/1995-misc.shtml|title=1995 Major League Baseball Attendance & Miscellaneous|work=baseball-reference.com|publisher=Sports Publishing LLC| accessdate= 2 March 2011}}</ref> This represented a decline in attendance of 19.99% from 1994 to 1995.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://espn.go.com/espn/print?id=1856626&type=story|title=1994 strike was a low point for baseball|date=August 10, 2004|accessdate=September 21, 2012|author=Associated Press|work=ESPN.com}}</ref> Fans who showed up demonstrated their anger and frustration,<ref name="Crowds">{{cite news|title= Smaller but Angrier Crowds See Openers Baseball|newspaper=The Los Angeles Times|date=April 27, 1995|page=C8|author=Associated Press}}</ref> and booed the players for their rusty fundamentals, shoddy defense, and also booed frequent high-scoring contests;<ref name="Crowds"/> the strike was seen as the worst work stoppage in sports history, leaving the game, the fans, and the sports world shaken and angry.<ref name="SilentSpring"/> Among the major examples of fan protests: *Three men wearing T-shirts emblazoned with "''Greed''" leaped onto the field at [[Shea Stadium]] to a standing ovation, and tossed $160 in $1 bills at the player's feet before being restrained by security, who were loudly booed as the men were escorted from the field.<ref>{{cite news|title=Mets Give Fans Their Money's Worth|author=Associated Press|newspaper=The Buffalo News|date=April 29, 1995|page=C9}}</ref> *In [[1995 Cincinnati Reds season|Cincinnati]], one fan paid for a plane to fly over [[Riverfront Stadium]] that carried a banner reading "''Owners & Players: To hell with all of you!''"<ref>{{cite news|title=Reds fans still love the game, hate losing|last=Weir|first=Tom|newspaper=USA Today|date=April 27, 1995|page=3C}}</ref> *Fans in [[Three Rivers Stadium|Pittsburgh]] disrupted the Opening Day game between the [[1995 Montreal Expos season|Montreal Expos]] and the [[1995 Pittsburgh Pirates season|Pittsburgh Pirates]] by throwing various objects on the field, causing a 17 minute delay before being warned that the game would be declared a forfeit to the Expos; however, they continued to boo afterwards.<ref>{{cite news|title=Pirates give fans chance to spill venom|last=Smizik|first=Bob|newspaper=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette|date=April 27, 1995|page=D1}}</ref> *In Detroit, fans hurled beer bottles, cans, baseballs, cigarette lighters, and a hubcap onto the field, causing a 12 minute delay, while also booing and holding up signs saying "''Field of <s>Dreams</s> Greed''" and "''Strike, Owner$ Win, Player$ Win, Fans Lose''".<ref>[http://www.pbs.org/baseball-the-tenth-inning/dark-days/millionaires-vs-billionaires/ Baseball's Darkest Days]</ref> *While 50,245 fans showed up for the [[1995 New York Yankees season|New York Yankees]]' home opener, it was the smallest opening day crowd at [[Yankee Stadium (1923)|Yankee Stadium]] since [[1990 New York Yankees season|1990]].<ref name="ActOfWar"/> [[Major League Baseball Players Association|MLBPA]] President [[Donald Fehr]] attended the game, angering many fans who blamed him for ruining their team's postseason chances and what would have been [[Don Mattingly]]'s postseason debut;<ref name="Fehr">{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/1995/04/27/sports/baseball-ceremony-circus-act-and-even-some-fans-greet-game-s-return.html?pagewanted=print|title=BASEBALL; Ceremony, Circus Act And Even Some Fans Greet Game's Return|date=April 27, 1995|first=Murray|last=Chass|authorlink=Murray Chass|newspaper=The New York Times|page=B11|accessdate= 3 September 2010}}</ref> fans booed him and yelled "You ruined the game!"<ref name="Fehr"/> in response to Fehr having attended the last game played at Yankee Stadium before the strike, and also booed Fehr as he left the stadium;<ref>{{cite news|title= With Baseball's Last Out, a Strike|last=Justice|first=Richard|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=August 12, 1994|page=A1|quote=Fehr attended yesterday afternoon's New York Yankees-Toronto Blue Jays game at Yankee Stadium.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Major League Baseball Goes on Strike|last=Stark|first=Jayson|newspaper=The Philadelphia Inquirer|date=August 12, 1994|page=A1|quote=Fehr went to Yankee Stadium, by invitation of Yankees broadcaster [[Tony Kubek]], and spent time in both the Yankees' and Blue Jays' TV booths during the final pre-strike game in New York.|authorlink=Jayson Stark}}</ref> one fan also held up a sign saying "''$HAME ON YOU!''",<ref>{{cite news|title=Fans Allow Yankees Leeway on Strike Zone|date=April 27, 1995|first=Thomas|last=Boswell|authorlink=Thomas Boswell|newspaper=The Washington Post|page=B1}}</ref> to which Fehr responded by flipping off the fan. *The opening games were played with replacement umpires, the first time since 1984 that replacement umpires were used.<ref>{{cite news|title=This Time, Fans Make Statement|first=Paul|last=Sullivan|newspaper=The Chicago Tribune|date=April 27, 1995|page=Sports.3}}</ref> On August 3, 1995, the Senate Judiciary Committee sent a bill calling for the partial repeal of baseball's [[Federal Baseball Club v. National League|antitrust exemption]] to the full [[United States Senate|Senate]]. The vote was just 9–8. On August 9, George Nicolau, baseball's impartial arbitrator since 1986, was fired by Major League owners. On September 29, 1995, a three-judge panel in New York voted unanimously to uphold the injunction that brought the end to the strike in April 1995. The owners had appealed the injunction issued on March 31, but the panel said the Players Relations Committee had illegally attempted to eliminate [[Free agent|free agency]] and salary [[arbitration]]. ===Replacement players on World Series championship teams=== {{unreferenced section|date=November 2012}} In 1998-2002 and 2004, certain players who were part of the World Series-winning [[New York Yankees]], [[Arizona Diamondbacks]], [[Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim|Anaheim Angels]] and [[Boston Red Sox]] were not permitted to have their names or likenesses on commemorative merchandise because they had been declared replacement players for having participated in the 1995 spring training. The players who were noted are [[Shane Spencer]] of the [[1998 New York Yankees season|1998]], [[1999 New York Yankees season|1999]] and [[1998 New York Yankees season|2000 New York Yankees]], [[Damian Miller]] of the [[2001 Arizona Diamondbacks season|2001 Arizona Diamondbacks]], [[Brendan Donnelly]] of the [[2002 Anaheim Angels season|2002 Anaheim Angels]] and [[Kevin Millar]] of the [[2004 Boston Red Sox season|2004 Boston Red Sox]]. The names or likenesses of replacement players may also not be published in officially-licensed video and tabletop games. ===Long-term impact=== Arguably the largest impact was to the [[Montreal Expos]].<ref>{{cite news|title=The Expos' demise was a decade in the making|last=MacDonald|first=L.|newspaper=The National Post|date=September 30, 2004|page=A17}}</ref> Not only did their dream season (first in MLB, 6 games ahead of the [[1994 Atlanta Braves season|Atlanta Braves]] in NL East) end abruptly, they were forced to lower payroll and sell off their four highest paid stars in the span of less than a week in spring training, even further because of losses due to the strike,<ref>{{cite news|title='94 Expos wonder what could have been|last=Johnson|first=Chuck|newspaper=USA Today|date=September 13, 2004|page=2C|url=http://www.usatoday.com/sports/baseball/nl/expos/2004-09-12-expos-ten-years-later_x.htm|accessdate=April 30, 2012}}</ref> and with the strike almost completely destroying its fan base, the Expos would never recover from the incident.<ref>{{cite news|title=To Fans, Expos' Goodbye Is More Bitter Than Sweet|last=Lapointe|first=Joe|newspaper=The New York Times|date=September 30, 2004|page=D6}}</ref> Despite respectable performances in [[1996 Montreal Expos season|1996]], [[2002 Montreal Expos season|2002]] and [[2003 Montreal Expos season|2003]], the team never came close to contending again;<ref>{{cite news|title=For Fans, It's Time To Say Goodbye|last=Sheinin|first=Dave|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=September 30, 2004|page=D15}}</ref> the team was purchased by Major League Baseball after the [[2001 Montreal Expos season|2001 season]],<ref>{{cite book|last=Mnookin|first=Seth|title=Feeding the Monster. How Money, Smarts, and Nerve Took a Team to the Top|publisher=Simon & Schuster|year=2006|location=New York|isbn=0-7432-8681-2}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Expos relocation timeline|last=Boeck|first=Scott|newspaper=USA Today|date=September 30, 2004|page=2C}}</ref> and would become the focus of contraction rumors until the team was moved to Washington, D.C., to become the [[Washington Nationals]] after the [[2004 Montreal Expos season|2004 season]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Baseball's Coming Back to Washington|first=Lori|last=Montgomery|first2=Thomas|last2=Heath|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=September 30, 2004|page=A01}}</ref> ==See also== * [[1994 in baseball]] * [[1995 in baseball]] * [[The Baseball Network]] * [[2012&ndash;13 NHL lockout]] ==References== {{Reflist|colwidth=30em}} ==External links== *[http://www.businessweek.com/archives/1994/b337848.arc.htm BW Online]: A [[Business Week]] article from June 27, 1994 about the possibility of a baseball strike and its economic impact on the involved parties. *[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7hEuFTEU8kA YouTube]: An episode of the [[Charlie Rose (talk show)|Charlie Rose]] show from August 1, 1994 devoted entirely to the looming possibility of a baseball strike. *[http://archives.cbc.ca/sports/business_sports/clips/13542/ CBC TV Archives]: A news report from August 12, 1994 about the strike and its impact on the [[Montreal Expos]] (with a prediction that the [[1994 World Series]] would still be held). *[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,981283,00.html Time.com]: An article in [[Time (magazine)|Time]] from August 22, 1994 about the (then) ongoing strike. *[http://www.usmayors.org/pressreleases/documents/94strikestudy02.pdf USMayors.org]: A report by the [[United States Conference of Mayors]] from August 1994 about the financial impact of the strike on cities with baseball teams. *[http://archives.cbc.ca/IDC-1-41-1430-9214/sports/sports_disputes/clip6 CBC Radio Archives]: A news report from September 14, 1994, covering MLB's announcement of the canceled postseason and its impact on the [[Montreal Expos]]. *[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-miRZBe8ADo YouTube]: An episode of the [[Charlie Rose (talk show)|Charlie Rose]] show from September 14, 1994, in which guest [[Bob Costas]] discusses the cancellation of the postseason. *[http://www.baseball-almanac.com/poetry/angel_strike_1994.shtml Baseball Almanac]: "The Strike of 1994", a poem by Don Angel written in February 1995. *[http://www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/1997/03/art4full.pdf BLS.gov]: An article in [[Monthly Labor Review]] from March 1997 by [[Paul Staudohar]] about the 1994 strike and its lingering problems for the league. *[http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/baseball/news/2002/08/25/1994_strike_victims_ap/ SportsIllustrated.CNN.com]: A [[Sports Illustrated]] article from August 26, 2002 about victims of the 1994 strike (written from the perspective of another possible strike in 2002). *[http://reds.enquirer.com/2004/08/12/STRIKEBOX12-LOPRESTI.html Cincinnati.com]: A [[Cincinnati Enquirer]] article from August 12, 2004 providing a brief overview of the 1994 strike and its impact on baseball history. *[http://www.usatoday.com/sports/baseball/2004-09-12-cover-94strike_x.htm USAToday.com]: A [[USA Today]] article from September 12, 2004 about baseball's recovery from the 1994 strike and the possibility for further conflict in the league. *[http://web.archive.org/web/20050329093026/http://users.commkey.net/fussichen/otdb199.htm Baseball History – 1990 to 1999] {{Navboxes|list1= {{1994 MLB season by team}} {{1995 MLB season by team}} {{Major League Baseball on ABC}} {{Major League Baseball on CBS Radio}} }} {{Use mdy dates|date=February 2012}} {{DEFAULTSORT:1994 Major League Baseball Strike}} [[Category:1994 labor disputes and strikes|Major League Baseball Strike, 1994–95]] [[Category:1995 labor disputes and strikes|Major League Baseball Strike, 1994–95]] [[Category:Major League Baseball labor disputes]] [[Category:1994 Major League Baseball season|Strike]] [[Category:1995 Major League Baseball season|Strike]] [[Category:Sports labor disputes in the United States]] [[Category:World Series]] [[Category:American League Championship Series]] [[Category:National League Championship Series]] [[Category:American League Division Series]] [[Category:National League Division Series]] [[Category:1994 in American sports]] [[Category:1995 in American sports]] [[fr:Grève des Ligues majeures de baseball en 1994]]'