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[ 0 => ':''"St. Wolfgang" and "Wolfgang of Ratisbon" redirect here: for other meanings, see [[Sankt Wolfgang (disambiguation)]].''', 1 => '{{Infobox saint', 2 => '|name=Saint Wolfgang', 3 => '|birth_date=924', 4 => '|death_date=994', 5 => '|feast_day=October 31', 6 => '|venerated_in= [[Roman Catholicism]]<br>[[Eastern Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodoxy]]', 7 => '|image=Wolfgang of Regensburg.jpg', 8 => '|imagesize=frame', 9 => '|caption=St. Wolfgang (painting, c.1490)', 10 => '|birth_place=', 11 => '|death_place=', 12 => '|titles=The Almoner', 13 => '|beatified_date=', 14 => '|beatified_place=', 15 => '|beatified_by=', 16 => '|canonized_date=1052', 17 => '|canonized_place=', 18 => '|canonized_by=', 19 => '|attributes=forcing the devil to help him to build a church; episcopal dress; depicted with an axe in the right hand and the [[crozier]] in the left; or as a hermit in the wilderness being discovered by a hunter. ', 20 => '|patronage=[[apoplexy]]; [[carpenter]]s and [[wood carvers]]; paralysis; [[Regensburg, Germany]]; stomach diseases; strokes ', 21 => '|major_shrine=', 22 => '|suppressed_date=', 23 => '|issues=', 24 => '|prayer=', 25 => '|prayer_attrib=', 26 => '}}', 27 => false, 28 => ''''Saint Wolfgang''' (or '''Saint Wolfgang of Regensburg''') (c. 934 – October 31, 994) was [[bishop of Regensburg]] in [[Bavaria]] from Christmas 972 until his death. He is a [[saint]] of the [[Roman Catholic]] and [[Eastern Orthodox]] churches ([[Canonization|canonized]] in 1052). He is regarded as one of the three great [[Germany|German]] saints of the 10th century, the other two being [[Ulrich of Augsburg|Saint Ulrich]] and Saint [[Conrad of Constance]].', 29 => false, 30 => '==Education and ordination==', 31 => 'Wolfgang was descended from the family of the [[Swabia]]n Counts of [[Pfullingen]] (''[[Monumenta Germaniae Historica|Mon. Germ. His.]]: Script.'', X, 53). When seven years old he had an ecclesiastic as tutor at home; later he attended the celebrated monastic school at [[Reichenau Island|Reichenau Abbey]]. ', 32 => false, 33 => 'Here he formed a strong friendship with [[Henry of Babenberg]], brother of Bishop [[Bishopric of Wurzburg|Poppo of Würzburg]], whom he followed to Würzburg in order to attend the [[lecture]]s of the noted Italian [[Philologist|grammarian]], Stephen of [[Novara]], at the cathedral school. ', 34 => false, 35 => 'After Henry was made Archbishop of [[Trier]] in 956, he summoned Wolfgang, who became a teacher in the cathedral school of Trier, and also laboured for the reform of the archdiocese, despite the hostility with which his efforts were met. ', 36 => false, 37 => 'Wolfgang's residence at Trier greatly influenced his monastic and [[asceticism|ascetic]] tendencies, as here he came into contact with the great reformatory monastery of the 10th century, [[St. Maximin's Abbey, Trier]], where he made the acquaintance of [[Romuald]], the teacher of Saint [[Adalbert of Prague]]. ', 38 => false, 39 => 'After the death of Archbishop Henry of Trier in 964, Wolfgang entered the [[Order of St. Benedict|Benedictine order]] in the [[Einsiedeln Abbey|Abbey of Maria Einsiedeln]], [[Switzerland]], and was [[ordination|ordained]] priest by [[Ulrich of Augsburg|Saint Ulrich]] in 968.', 40 => false, 41 => '==Mission to the Magyars==', 42 => false, 43 => 'After their defeat in the [[Battle of the Lechfeld]] (955), the heathen [[Hungarians]] settled in ancient [[Pannonia]]. As long as they were not [[religious conversion|converted]] to [[Christianity]] they remained a constant menace to the empire. ', 44 => false, 45 => 'At the request of Ulrich, who clearly saw the danger, and at the desire of the Emperor [[Otto the Great]], Wolfgang, according to the abbey annals, was "sent to the Hungarians" as the most suitable man to evangelize them.', 46 => false, 47 => 'He was followed by other [[missionary|missionaries]] sent by [[Piligrim]], [[Bishop of Passau]], under whose jurisdiction the new missionary region came.', 48 => false, 49 => '==Bishop of Regensburg==', 50 => false, 51 => 'After the death of Bishop Michael of Regensburg (September 23, 972) Bishop Piligrim obtained from the emperor the appointment of Wolfgang as the new bishop ([[Christmas]], 972). Wolfgang's services in this new position were of the highest importance, not only for the diocese, but also for the cause of civilization. As Bishop of Regensburg, Wolfgang became the tutor of Emperor Saint [[Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry II]], who learned from him the principles which governed his saintly and energetic life. Poppe, son of [[Margrave]] Luitpold, [[Archbishop of Trier]] (1018), and [[Tagino, Archbishop of Magdeburg]] (1004&ndash;1012), also had him as their teacher. ', 52 => false, 53 => 'Wolfgang deserves credit for his disciplinary labours in his diocese. His main work in this respect was connected with the ancient and celebrated [[St. Emmeram's Abbey]], which he reformed by granting it once more abbots of its own, thus withdrawing it from the control of the bishops of Regensburg, who for many years had been abbots ''[[in commendam]]'', a condition of affairs that had been far from beneficial to the abbey and monastic life. In the Benedictine monk Romuald, whom Saint Wolfgang called from St. Maximin at Trier, St. Emmeram received a capable abbot (975). ', 54 => false, 55 => 'The saint also reformed the convents of [[Obermünster]] and [[Niedermünster]] at Regensburg, chiefly by giving them as an example the convent of St. Paul, Mittelmünster, at Regensburg, which he had founded in 983. He also co-operated in the reform of the ancient and celebrated Benedictine Abbey of [[Niederaltaich Abbey|Niederaltaich]], which had been founded by the [[Agilolfing]]er dynasty, and which from that time took on new life.', 56 => false, 57 => 'He showed genuine episcopal generosity in the liberal manner with which he met the views of the Emperor [[Otto II]] regarding the intended reduction in size of his diocese for the benefit of the new Diocese of [[Prague]] (975), to which [[Adalbert of Prague|Saint Adalbert]] was appointed first bishop. As prince of the empire he performed his duties towards the emperor and the empire with the utmost scrupulousness and, like Saint Ulrich, was one of the mainstays of the [[Ottonian]] policies. ', 58 => false, 59 => 'He took part in the various imperial [[Diet (assembly)|diet]]s, and, in the autumn of 978, accompanied the Emperor Otto II on his campaign to [[Paris]], and took part in the Diet of [[Verona]] in June 983. He was succeeded by [[Gebhard I, Bishop of Regensburg|Gebhard I]].', 60 => false, 61 => '==Hermitage and death==', 62 => false, 63 => 'Towards the end of his life Saint Wolfgang withdrew as a [[hermit]] to a solitary spot, now the [[Wolfgangsee]] (''"Wolfgang's Lake"'') in the [[Salzkammergut]] region of [[Upper Austria]], apparently on account of a political dispute, but probably in the course of a journey of inspection to [[Mondsee Abbey]] which was under the direction of the bishops of Regensburg. He was discovered by a hunter and brought back to Regensburg. ', 64 => false, 65 => 'While travelling on the [[Danube]] to [[Pöchlarn]] in [[Lower Austria]], he fell ill at the village of [[Pupping]], which is between [[Eferding]] and the market town of [[Aschach an der Donau|Aschach]] near [[Linz]], and at his request was carried into the chapel of [[Saint Othmar]] at Pupping, where he died. ', 66 => false, 67 => 'His body was taken up the Danube by his friends Count Aribo of [[Andechs]] and Archbishop Hartwich of [[Salzburg]] to Regensburg, and was solemnly buried in the crypt of St. Emmeram. Many [[miracle]]s were performed at his grave; in 1052 he was canonized.', 68 => false, 69 => '==After his death==', 70 => '[[Image:Michael Pacher 004.jpg|thumb|St. Wolfgang and the devil]]', 71 => 'Soon after Wolfgang's death many churches chose him as their [[patron saint]], and various towns were named after him. ', 72 => false, 73 => 'In [[Christian art]] he has been especially honoured by the great medieval [[County of Tyrol|Tyrol]]ean painter, [[Michael Pacher]] (1430&ndash;1498), who created an imperishable memorial to him, the high altar of [[St. Wolfgang (village)|St. Wolfgang]]. In the panel pictures which are now exhibited in the [[Alte Pinakothek|Old Pinakothek]] at [[Munich]] are depicted in an artistic manner the chief events in the saint's life. ', 74 => false, 75 => 'The oldest portrait of Saint Wolfgang is a [[miniature (illuminated manuscript)|miniature]], painted about the year 1100 in the celebrated Evangeliary of St. Emmeram, now in the library of the castle cathedral at [[Kraków]]. ', 76 => false, 77 => 'A fine modern picture by [[Moritz von Schwind|Schwind]] is in the [[Schackgalerie|Schack Gallery]] at Munich. This painting represents the [[legend]] of Wolfgang forcing the [[devil]] to help him to build a church. ', 78 => false, 79 => 'In other paintings he is generally depicted in episcopal dress, an [[axe]] in the right hand and the [[crozier]] in the left, or as a hermit in the wilderness being discovered by a hunter. ', 80 => false, 81 => 'The axe refers to an incident in the life of the saint. After having selected a solitary spot in the wilderness, he prayed and then threw his axe into the thicket; the spot on which the axe fell he regarded as the place where [[God]] intended he should build his [[Monastery|cell]]. This axe is still shown in the little market town of [[St. Wolfgang (village)|St. Wolfgang]] which sprang up on the spot of the old cell. ', 82 => false, 83 => 'St. Wolfgang is sometimes counted among the [[Fourteen Holy Helpers]]', 84 => false, 85 => '==Literature==', 86 => false, 87 => 'At the request of the Abbey of St. Emmeram, the life of St. Wolfgang was written by [[Otloh of St. Emmeram|Otloh]], a Benedictine monk of St. Emmeram about 1050. This life is especially important for the early medieval history both of the church and of civilization in [[Bavaria]] and [[Austria]], and it forms the basis of all later accounts of the saint. ', 88 => false, 89 => 'The oldest and best manuscript of this ''Vita'' is in the library of [[Einsiedeln Abbey]] in [[Switzerland]] (MS. No. 322), and has been printed with critical notes in ''Mon. Germ. His.: Script.'', IV, 524-542.', 90 => false, 91 => '==References==', 92 => '{{Reflist}}', 93 => false, 94 => ';Attribution', 95 => '*{{Catholic|first=Ulrich |last=Schmid|wstitle=St. Wolfgang}} This entry cites:', 96 => '**''Der heilige Wolfgang, Bischof von Regensburg; historische Festschrift zum neunhundertjährigen Gedächtnisse seines Todes'', ed., in connection with numerous historical scholars, by [[Johann Baptist Mehler|MEHLER]] (Ratisbon, 1894), among the chief collaborators on this work being BRAUNMULLER, RINGHOLZ (of Einsiedeln), and DANNERBAUER; KOLBE, Die Verdienste des Bischofs Wolfgang v. R. um das Bildungswesen Suddeutschlands. Beitrag z. Gesch. der Padogogik des X und XI Jahrhunderis (Breslau, 1894);', 97 => '**WATTENBACH, Deutschlands Geschichtsquellen im Mittelalter, I (Berlin, 1904), 449-452;', 98 => '**DETZEL, Christl.', 99 => '**Iknographie, II (Freiburg, 1896), 683;', 100 => '**POTTHAST, Bibl. medii aevi, II (Berlin, 1896), 1641.', 101 => false, 102 => '{{Commons category|Saint Wolfgang}}', 103 => '{{Portalbar|Saints}}', 104 => false, 105 => '{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->', 106 => '| NAME = Wolfgang Of Regensburg', 107 => '| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =', 108 => '| SHORT DESCRIPTION = German saint', 109 => '| DATE OF BIRTH = 934', 110 => '| PLACE OF BIRTH =', 111 => '| DATE OF DEATH = 994', 112 => '| PLACE OF DEATH =', 113 => '}}', 114 => '{{DEFAULTSORT:Wolfgang Of Regensburg}}', 115 => '[[Category:German saints]]', 116 => '[[Category:German Roman Catholic saints]]', 117 => '[[Category:10th-century bishops]]', 118 => '[[Category:German Benedictines]]', 119 => '[[Category:10th century in Germany]]', 120 => '[[Category:Medieval Hungary]]', 121 => '[[Category:Christian missionaries in Hungary]]', 122 => '[[Category:Regensburg]]', 123 => '[[Category:934 births]]', 124 => '[[Category:994 deaths]]', 125 => '[[Category:Burials at St. Emmeram's Abbey]]', 126 => '[[Category:10th-century Christian saints]]', 127 => '[[Category:Bishops of Regensburg]]' ]