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[ 0 => '{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2013}}', 1 => '{{Use British English|date=June 2013}}', 2 => '{{Refimprove|date=April 2010}}', 3 => '{{Infobox peer', 4 => '|name = Hugh Despenser, 1st Lord Despenser', 5 => '|image = Blason Thomas Le Despencer.svg', 6 => '|image_size = 150px', 7 => '|caption = Arms of Despencer: ''Quarterly 1st & 4th: Argent; 2nd & 3rd: Gules, a fret or, over all a ribbon sable'' ', 8 => '|birth_name = Hugh Despenser', 9 => '|birth_date = circa {{Birth date|df=yes|1287|3|1}}', 10 => '|birth_place = England ', 11 => '|death_date = {{BirthDeathAge|df=yes||1287|3|1|1326|11|24|yes}}', 12 => '|death_place = [[Hereford]], England', 13 => '|death_cause = Executed for [[treason]]', 14 => '|resting_place = Possibly Hulton Abbey, [[Staffordshire]], England', 15 => '|resting_place_coordinates = ', 16 => '|nationality = English ', 17 => '|known_for = Being a [[favorite]] of [[Edward II of England|Edward II]]', 18 => '|occupation = Knight of [[Hanley Castle]], Worcestershire, King's [[Chamberlain (office)|Chamberlain]], and [[Constable#United Kingdom|constable]] and keeper of various castles and lands in England and Wales', 19 => '|title = 1st Lord Despenser', 20 => '|predecessor = [[Hugh le Despenser, Earl of Winchester]]', 21 => '|successor = ', 22 => '|spouse = {{marriage|[[Eleanor de Clare]] |1306}}', 23 => '|parents = [[Hugh le Despenser, Earl of Winchester]], and [[Isabella de Beauchamp]]', 24 => '}}', 25 => ''''Hugh Despenser, 1st Lord Despenser''' (c. 1286<ref>The younger Despenser's exact birth date is unknown ({{cite web |url= http://www.cracroftspeerage.co.uk/online/content/Despencer1295.htm |title= le Despencer, Baron (E, 1295 with precedency from 1264) |publisher= Cracroft's Peerage}}) but was likely between 1286 and 1290; for example, see: {{cite web |url= http://www.geni.com/people/Hugh-the-Younger-Despencer/6000000001540150425 |title= About Hugh (the Younger) Despencer |publisher = [[Geni.com]]}} The [[BBC]] gives "c. 1287" ({{cite web |url= http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/history/sceptred_isle/page/32.shtml?question=32 |title= The Sceptred Isle}}); [[Alison Weir (historian)|Alison Weir]] (2005) writes that he was "at least three years younger" than Edward II (page 115), which indicates a birth no earlier than 1287.</ref> – 24 November 1326), also referred to as "'''the younger Despenser'''",<ref name=Hamilton-ODNB>{{cite encyclopedia|first=J. S. |last=Hamilton |chapter= Despenser, Hugh, the younger, first Lord Despenser (d. 1326)|encyclopedia=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography |publisher=Oxford University Press|origyear=2004|edition=online |date=January 2008| doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/7554}} {{subscription}}</ref> was the son and heir of [[Hugh le Despenser, Earl of Winchester]] (the elder Despenser), and [[Isabella de Beauchamp|Isabella]] daughter of [[William de Beauchamp, 9th Earl of Warwick|William, 9th Earl of Warwick]].<ref name=dnb>{{cite DNB| wstitle= Despenser, Hugh le (d.1326)}}</ref> He rose to national prominence as royal [[chamberlain (office)|chamberlain]] and a [[favourite]] of [[Edward II of England]]. A series of subsequent controversies eventually led to his being [[hanged, drawn and quartered]].', 26 => '==Titles and possessions==', 27 => 'Hugh Despenser the younger was knight of [[Hanley Castle]], Worcestershire, King's [[Chamberlain (office)|Chamberlain]], Constable of [[Odiham Castle]], Keeper of the castle and town of [[Portchester]], Keeper of the castle, town and [[barton]] of [[Bristol]] and, in [[Wales]], Keeper of the [[Dryslwyn Castle|castle]] and town of [[Dryslwyn]], and the region of [[Cantref Mawr]], [[Carmarthenshire]]. ', 28 => false, 29 => 'Also in [[Wales]], he was [[Lord of Glamorgan]] which gave him possession of [[Cardiff Castle]]. ', 30 => false, 31 => 'He was also Keeper of the castles, manor, and lands of [[Brecknock]], [[Hay-on-Wye|Hay]], Cantref Selyf, ''etc.'', in [[Brecknockshire|County Brecon]], and, in England of [[Huntington, Herefordshire]]. ', 32 => false, 33 => 'He was given [[Wallingford Castle]] although this had previously been given to Queen [[Isabella of France|Isabella]] for life.', 34 => false, 35 => '==Marriage==', 36 => 'In May 1306 Hugh Despenser the younger was knighted, and that summer he married [[Eleanor de Clare]], daughter of [[Gilbert de Clare, 6th Earl of Hertford|Gilbert de Clare]], 9th Lord of Clare and [[Earl of Hertford|7th Earl of Hertford]] and [[Joan of Acre]]. ', 37 => false, 38 => 'Eleanor's grandfather, [[Edward I of England|Edward I]], owed the elder Despenser 2,000 [[Mark_(money)#England and Scotland|marks]] (£{{Formatprice|{{Inflation|UK|1333|1306}}}} at today's prices) and the marriage settled this debt, and was a reward for the elder Hugh's loyal service.', 39 => false, 40 => 'When Eleanor's brother, Gilbert, was killed in 1314 at the [[Battle of Bannockburn]], she unexpectedly became one of the three co-heiresses to the rich [[Gloucester]] earldom, and in her right Hugh inherited [[Glamorgan]] and other properties.<ref>{{cite book |page= 520 |title= The Cambridge Medieval History, |volume= VII |first= J. B. |last= Bury |year= 1932 }}</ref> In just a few years Hugh went from a landless knight to one of the wealthiest magnates in the kingdom.', 41 => false, 42 => 'Eleanor was also the niece of the new king, [[Edward II of England]], and this connection brought Despenser closer to the English royal court. He joined the baronial opposition to [[Piers Gaveston]], the king's [[favourite]] (and Hugh's brother-in-law, as Gaveston was married to Eleanor's sister Margaret). ', 43 => false, 44 => 'Eager for power and wealth, Despenser seized [[Tonbridge Castle]] in 1315, [[Gilbert de Clare, 7th Earl of Hertford#Dispersal of estates and aftermath|after his brother-in-law's death]] under the misapprehension that it belonged to his mother-in-law (he relinquished it on discovering that the rightful owner was [[Walter Reynolds|the Archbishop of Canterbury]]).<ref name= "Weir115">{{cite book |title=Queen Isabella: Treachery, Adultery, and Murder in Medieval England |first= A. |last= Weir |authorlink= Alison Weir (historian) |page= 115 |publisher= Ballantine Books |month= December |year= 2006 |origyear= 2005 |isbn= 978-0-345-45320-4}}</ref> In 1318 he murdered [[Llywelyn Bren]], a Welsh hostage in his custody.', 45 => false, 46 => 'Eleanor and Hugh had nine children to survive infancy:', 47 => '{{div col}}', 48 => '#[[Hugh le Despencer, 2nd Baron le Despencer]] (1308–1349), 2nd Baron Le Despencer, who was restored to his grandfather's title of Baron le Despencer in 1338. At his death without issue, his nephew [[Edward le Despencer, 1st Baron le Despencer|Edward]], son of Edward (below), was created Baron Le Despencer in a new creation of 1357.', 49 => '#[[Gilbert le Despenser]], (1309–1381).', 50 => '#[[Edward le Despenser]], (1310–1342), soldier, killed at the siege of [[Vannes]];<ref>http://patp.us/genealogy/bio/spencer.aspx; also said to have died at [[Morlaix]], on the coast of Brittany.</ref> father of [[Edward II le Despenser]], [[Knight of the Garter]], who became Baron Le Despencer in a new creation of 1357. His son was Thomas le Despenser, 1st Earl of Gloucester and 2nd Baron Le Despencer of the 1357 creation, who was married to a daughter of [[Edmund of Langley, Duke of York]], youngest son of [[Edward III of England|Edward III]], and was [[Attainted#Attainders of British aristocracy in the Middle Ages and Renaissance|attainted]] and beheaded in 1400 for his attempts to restore [[Richard II of England|Richard II]], his wife's cousin, to the throne. His attainder was reversed in 1461, with the victory of [[Edward IV of England|Edward IV]], and the barony of the first creation (1264/1295) was eventually awarded in 1604 to Dame Mary Fane, heiress of Thomas's daughter Isabel Le Despencer, who married two cousins. The barony is now held by the [[Viscount Falmouth|Viscounts Falmouth]].', 51 => '#[[Isabel le Despenser, Countess of Arundel]] (1312–1356), married [[Richard Fitzalan, 10th Earl of Arundel]]', 52 => '#[[John le Despenser]], (1311 – June 1366).', 53 => '#[[Eleanor le Despenser]], (c. 1315–1351), nun at [[Sempringham Priory]]', 54 => '#[[Joan le Despenser]], (c. 1317–1384), nun at [[Shaftesbury Abbey]]', 55 => '#[[Margaret le Despenser]], (c. 1319–1337), nun at [[Whatton Priory]]', 56 => '#[[Elizabeth le Despenser, Baroness Berkeley|Elizabeth le Despenser]], born 1325, died 13 July 1389, married [[Maurice de Berkeley, 4th Baron Berkeley]].', 57 => '{{div col end}}', 58 => false, 59 => '==Political manoeuvrings==', 60 => 'Hugh Despenser the younger became royal [[chamberlain (office)|chamberlain]] in 1318. As a royal [[courtier]], Despenser manoeuvred into the affections of King Edward, displacing the previous [[favourite]], [[Roger d'Amory]]. This was much to the dismay of the baronage as they saw him both taking their rightful places at court and being a worse version of Gaveston. By 1320 his greed was running free. Despenser seized the Welsh lands of his wife's inheritance, ignoring the claims of his two brothers-in-law. He forced [[Alice de Lacy, 4th Countess of Lincoln|Alice de Lacy, Countess of Lincoln]], to give up her lands, cheated his sister-in-law [[Elizabeth de Clare]] out of [[Gower Peninsula|Gower]] and [[Usk]], and allegedly had Lady Baret's arms and legs broken until she went insane. He also supposedly vowed to be revenged on [[Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March|Roger Mortimer]] because [[Roger Mortimer, 1st Baron Mortimer|Mortimer's grandfather]] had killed [[Hugh le Despencer, 1st Baron le Despencer|Hugh's grandfather]], and once stated (though probably in jest) that he regretted he could not control the wind. By 1321 he had earned many enemies in every stratum of society, from Queen Isabella to the barons to the common people. There was even a [[John_of_Nottingham#The_conspiracy|plot to kill Despenser by sticking his wax likeness with pins]].', 61 => false, 62 => 'Finally the barons prevailed upon King Edward and forced Despenser and his father into exile in August 1321. His father fled to [[Bordeaux]], and Despenser became a [[pirate]] in the [[English Channel]], "a sea monster, lying in wait for merchants as they crossed the sea".<ref>{{cite book |page= 197 | title= Vita Edwardi Secundi |oclc= 229295966 |last= Childs |first= W. |year= 2005 |origyear= 2005 |location= New York |publisher= Oxford University Press |isbn= 0-19-927594-7 }}</ref> Following the exile of the Despensers, the barons who opposed them fell out among themselves, and the King summoned the two men back to England. Early in the following year, King Edward took advantage of these divisions to secure the surrender of Marcher Lord Roger Mortimer, and the defeat and execution of the Earl of Lancaster, the Despensers' chief opponents. The pair returned and King Edward quickly reinstated Despenser as royal [[favourite]]. His time in exile had done nothing to quell his greed, his rashness, or his ruthlessness.{{citation needed|date=August 2012}} The time from the Despensers' return from exile until the end of Edward II's reign was a time of uncertainty in England. With the main baronial opposition leaderless and weak, having been defeated at the [[Battle of Boroughbridge]], and Edward willing to let them do as they pleased, the Despensers were left unchecked. They grew rich from their administration and corruption.{{citation needed|date=August 2012}} This period is sometimes referred to as the "Tyranny".{{citation needed|date=August 2012}} This maladministration caused hostile feeling for them and, by proxy, Edward II. Despenser repeatedly pressed King Edward to execute Mortimer, who had been held prisoner in the Tower of London, following his surrender. However, Mortimer escaped from the Tower and fled to France.', 63 => false, 64 => '==Relationship with Edward and Isabella==', 65 => '[[Isabella of France|Queen Isabella]] had a special dislike for Hugh Despenser the younger. ([[Jean Froissart|Froissart]] wrote that "he was a sodomite.")<ref>According to Froissart, Despenser's penis was severed and burned in [[#Trial and execution|his execution]] as a punishment for his [[sodomy]] and [[heresy]]: this translated excerpt from Froissart's account of the execution is given, for example in: {{cite book |page= 152 |title= Queering the Middle Ages |editor1-first= G. |editor2-first= S. F. |month= April |first= C. |last= Sponsler |year= 2001 |publisher= University of Minnesota Press |series= Medieval Cultures Series |isbn= 978-0-8166-3404-0 |editor-last= Burger |editor2-last= Kruger}}</ref>[[Alison Weir (historian)|Alison Weir]], in her 2005 book, ''Queen Isabella: Treachery, Adultery, and Murder in Medieval England'', speculates that he had raped Isabella and that was the source of her hatred. While Isabella was in France to negotiate between her husband and the French king, she formed a liaison with Roger Mortimer and began planning an invasion. Despenser supposedly tried to bribe French courtiers to assassinate Isabella, sending barrels of silver as payment.{{citation needed|date=August 2012}} Roger Mortimer and the Queen invaded England in October 1326. Their forces numbered only about 1,500 mercenaries to begin with, but the majority of the nobility rallied to them throughout October and November. By contrast, very few people were prepared to fight for Edward II, mainly because of the hatred that the Despensers had aroused. The Despensers fled West with the King, with a sizeable sum from the treasury. The escape was unsuccessful. Separated from the elder Despenser, the King and the younger Despenser were deserted by most of their followers, and were captured near [[Neath]] in mid-November. King Edward was placed in captivity and later [[Edward_II#Abdication|forced to abdicate]] in favour of his son. The elder Despenser (the father) was hanged at Bristol on 27 October 1326, and younger Despenser (the son) was brought to trial.', 66 => false, 67 => '==Trial and execution==', 68 => '[[File:BNMsFr2643FroissartFol97vExecHughDespenser.jpg|thumb|200px| The execution of Hugh Despenser the younger, from a manuscript of [[Jean Froissart]].]]', 69 => 'Hugh Despenser the younger tried to starve himself before his trial,<ref>{{cite book |page= 160| title= The greatest traitor: the life of Sir Roger Mortimer, Ruler of England: 1327—1330 |last= Mortimer |first= I. |year= 2006 |month= March |isbn= 978-0-312-34941-7 }}</ref> but he did face trial on 24 November 1326, in [[Hereford]], before Mortimer and the Queen. He was judged a traitor and a thief, and sentenced to public execution by hanging, as a thief, and [[Hanged, drawn and quartered|drawing and quartering]], as a traitor. Additionally, he was sentenced to be [[Disembowelment|disembowelled]] for having procured discord between the King and Queen, and to be beheaded, for returning to England after having been banished.{{Citation needed|date=March 2011}}<!--What is the source that the standard punishment for being found guilty high treason was broken down into these separate punishments in this case?--> Treason had also been the grounds for Gaveston's execution; the belief was that these men had misled the King rather than the King himself being guilty of folly.{{Citation needed|date=March 2011}}', 70 => false, 71 => 'Immediately after the trial, Despenser was dragged behind four horses to his place of execution, where a great fire was lit. He was stripped naked, and Biblical verses denouncing arrogance and evil were carved into his skin. He was then hanged from a gallows {{convert|50|ft|m|abbr=on}} high, but cut down before he could [[Asphyxia|choke to death]].{{Citation needed|date=March 2011}}<!-- for all of the paragraph-->', 72 => false, 73 => 'In [[Jean Froissart|Froissart]]'s account of the execution, Despenser was then tied to a ladder, and —in full view of the crowd— had his genitals sliced off and burned (in his still-conscious sight) then his entrails slowly pulled out, and, finally, his heart cut out and thrown into the fire. Professor Clare Sponsler says that Froissart is the only source to describe castration, where all other contemporary accounts have Despenser quartered, hanged, and beheaded.<ref>{{cite book |chapter= The King's Boyfriend Froissart's political theater of 1326 |page= 153 |chapterurl= http://books.google.com/books?id=a5Tncx9eGAQC&pg=143 |title= Queering the Middle Ages |oclc= 247977894 |editor1-first= G. |editor2-first= S. F. |month= April |first= C. |last= Sponsler |year= 2001 |publisher= University of Minnesota |isbn= 978-0-8166-3404-0 |editor-last= Burger |editor2-last= Kruger}}</ref>', 74 => false, 75 => 'Just before he died, it is recorded that he let out a "ghastly inhuman howl",{{Citation needed| date=March 2011}} much to the delight and merriment of the spectators.{{Citation needed| date=March 2011}} Finally, his corpse was beheaded, his body cut into four pieces, and his head mounted on the gates of London.<ref name=Hamilton-ODNB/> Mortimer and Isabella feasted with their chief supporters, as they watched the execution.{{Citation needed|date=March 2011}}', 76 => false, 77 => '==Remains==', 78 => 'Four years later, in December 1330, his widow was given permission to gather and bury his remains at the family's [[Gloucestershire]] estate,<ref name=Hamilton-ODNB/> but only the head, a thigh bone and a few vertebrae were returned to her.<ref name="Telegraph">{{cite news|last=Clout|first=Laura|title=Abbey body identified as gay lover of Edward II|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2008/02/18/nedward118.xml|publisher=''[[The Daily Telegraph]]''|date=18 February 2008|page=3}}</ref>', 79 => false, 80 => 'What may be the body of Despenser was identified in February 2008 in the village of [[Abbey Hulton]] in Staffordshire, the former site of Hulton Abbey. The skeleton, which was first uncovered during archaeological work in the 1970s, appeared to be that of a victim of a [[hanged, drawn and quartered|drawing and quartering]] as it had been beheaded and chopped into several pieces with a sharp blade, suggesting a ritual killing. Furthermore, it lacked several body parts, including the ones given to Despenser's wife. [[Radiocarbon dating|Radiocarbon analysis]] dated the body to between 1050 and 1385, and later tests suggested it to be that of a man over 34 years old. Despenser was 40 at the time of his death. In addition, the Abbey is located on lands that belonged to Hugh Audley, Despenser's brother-in-law, at the time.<ref name="Telegraph"/>', 81 => false, 82 => '==Legacy==', 83 => 'No book-length biographical study of Hugh Despenser exists, although ''The Tyranny and Fall of Edward II: 1321–1326'' by historian Natalie Fryde is a study of Edward's reign during the years that the Despensers' power was at its peak. Fryde pays particular attention to the subject of the Despensers' ill-gotten landholdings.<ref>{{cite book| last=Fryde| first=Natalie| title=The Tyranny and Fall of Edward II, 1321–1326|location=Cambridge|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|year=1979|isbn=0-521-22201-X}}</ref> The numerous accusations against the younger Despenser at the time of his execution have never been the subject of close critical scrutiny, although [[Roy Martin Haines]] called them "ingenuous" and noted their propagandistic nature.<ref>{{cite book| last=Haines|first=Roy Martin|title=King Edward II: Edward of Caernarfon, His Life, His Reign, and its Aftermath, 1284–1330|location=Montréal; London|publisher=McGill-Queen's University Press|year=2003|isbn=0-7735-2432-0}}</ref>', 84 => false, 85 => 'Despite the crucial and disastrous role he played in the reign of Edward II, Despenser is almost a minor character in [[Christopher Marlowe]]'s play ''[[Edward II (play)|Edward II]]'' (1592), where, as "Spencer", he is little more than a substitute for the dead Gaveston. In 2006, he was selected by ''[[BBC History (magazine)|BBC History Magazine]]'' as the 14th century's worst Briton.<ref>{{cite news|url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/4561624.stm| title='Worst' historical Britons list| publisher= [[BBC News]]|date=27 December 2005}}</ref>', 86 => false, 87 => 'His image on the stained glass window of the Banqueting Hall of [[Cardiff Castle]], shows his coat of arms inverted — a symbol of disgrace.', 88 => false, 89 => '==In popular culture==', 90 => 'Despenser appears in the Knights Templar mystery series by [[Michael Jecks]].', 91 => false, 92 => '==Notable descendants==', 93 => '[[Anne Neville]], the queen consort of [[King Richard III of England]], is a direct descendant of Hugh Despenser the younger. Anne's grandmother, [[Isabel le Despenser, Countess of Worcester and Warwick]], was the granddaughter of [[Edward le Despencer, 1st Baron le Despencer]], who in turn was the grandson of the younger Despenser.', 94 => false, 95 => 'The sixth and last queen consort to [[Henry VIII of England|Henry VIII]], [[Catherine Parr]], also descended from the [[Edward le Despencer, 1st Baron le Despencer|1st Baron le Despencer]], through his daughter Margaret, who married [[Robert de Ferrers, 4th Baron Ferrers of Chartley]].<ref>John and John Bernard Burke. ''The Royal Families of England, Scotland, and Wales, with their descendants, sovereigns and subjects'', Churton, 1848. pg xciv.</ref>', 96 => false, 97 => 'The New England Protestant reformer [[Anne Hutchinson|Anne (Marbury) Hutchinson]] was a descendant of Hugh through his grandson Edward.<ref>Richardson, Douglas and Kimball G. Everingham. "Plantagenet Ancestry: a study in colonial and medieval families". Genealogical Publishing Company, 2004. p. 270.</ref> Through her many Americans, including [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] and [[George W. Bush]], can claim Hugh the younger as an ancestor.{{citation needed|date=April 2012}}', 98 => false, 99 => '==Notes==', 100 => '{{Reflist|30em}}', 101 => false, 102 => '==References==', 103 => '<!--Please arrange alphabetically by author's surname--> ', 104 => '{{refbegin|2|indent=yes}}', 105 => ':{{cite book|author=Anon.|coauthors=N[öel] Denholm-Young (ed.); Wendy R. Childs (re-edited text with new introduction, new historical notes, and revised translation)|title=[[Vita Edwardi Secundi|Vita Edwardi Secundi: The life of Edward the Second]]|location=Oxford|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|year=2005|isbn=0-19-927594-7 (hbk.)}}', 106 => ':{{cite book|last=Fryde|first=Natalie|title=The Tyranny and Fall of Edward II, 1321–1326|location=Cambridge|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|year=1979|isbn=0-521-22201-X}}', 107 => ':{{cite book|last=Haines|first=Roy Martin|title=King Edward II: Edward of Caernarfon, His Life, His Reign, and its Aftermath, 1284–1330|location=Montréal; London|publisher=McGill-Queen's University Press|year=2003|isbn=0-7735-2432-0}}', 108 => ':{{cite book|last=Karau|first=Bjørn Kristian|title=Günstlinge am Hof Edwards II. von England – Aufstieg und Fall der Despensers &#91;Favourites at the Court of Edward II of England: Rise and Fall of the Despensers (M.A. thesis)&#93;|url=http://www.despensers.de/despenser-downloads/MA-thesis_Despensers.pdf|location=Kiel|publisher=Philosophischen Fakultät, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel &#91;Faculty of Philosophy, [[University of Kiel]]&#93;|year=1999}}', 109 => ':{{cite book|last=Mortimer|first=Ian|title=The Greatest Traitor: The Life of Sir Roger Mortimer, 1st Earl of March, Ruler of England, 1327–1330|location=London|publisher=[[Jonathan Cape]]|year=2003|isbn=0-224-06249-2}}', 110 => ':{{cite book|last=Underhill|first=Frances A[nn]|title=For Her Good Estate: The Life of Elizabeth de Burgh|location=Basingstoke|publisher=[[Macmillan Publishers|Macmillan Press]]|year=1999|isbn=0-333-75325-9}}', 111 => '{{refend}}', 112 => false, 113 => '==Further reading==', 114 => '* [[Jean Froissart|Froissart, Jean]], [[Froissart's Chronicles|''Chronicles of England France, Spain, and the adjoining countries'']], (1805 translation by Thomas Jhones), [http://www.maisonstclaire.org/resources/chronicles/froissart/book_1/fc_b1_contents.html Book I], ch. 5–13.', 115 => '* {{cite journal|last=Lewis|first=Mary|title=A Traitor's Death? The Identity of a Drawn, Hanged and Quartered Man from Hulton Abbey, Staffordshire|journal=Antiquity|year=2008|volume=82}}, also http://www.academia.edu/215486/A_Traitors_Death_The_identity_of_a_drawn_hanged_and_quartered_man_from_Hulton_Abbey_Staffordshire', 116 => false, 117 => '<!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]] -->', 118 => '{{Persondata', 119 => '|NAME = Despenser, Hugh, the younger', 120 => '|ALTERNATIVE NAMES = Despenser, Hugh, the younger, 1st Lord Despenser', 121 => '|SHORT DESCRIPTION = Knight of [[Hanley Castle]], Worcestershire; King's [[Chamberlain (office)|Chamberlain]]; [[Constable#United Kingdom|constable]] and keeper of various castles and lands in England and Wales; and [[favourite]] of [[Edward I of England|Edward I]]', 122 => '|DATE OF BIRTH = 1286', 123 => '|PLACE OF BIRTH = Probably England', 124 => '|DATE OF DEATH = 24 November 1326', 125 => '|PLACE OF DEATH = [[Hereford]], England', 126 => '}}', 127 => '{{DEFAULTSORT:Despenser, Hugh}}', 128 => '[[Category:1286 births]]', 129 => '[[Category:1326 deaths]]', 130 => '[[Category:British and English royal favourites]]', 131 => '[[Category:English people executed by hanging, drawing and quartering]]', 132 => '[[Category:People executed under the Plantagenets by hanging, drawing and quartering]]', 133 => '[[Category:People executed under the Plantagenets for treason against England]]', 134 => '[[Category:Pirates]]', 135 => '[[Category:1326 crimes]]' ]