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'{{other uses}} {{Infobox settlement |official_name =Kermanshah |other_name = کرمانشاه |native_name = kermanshah کرمانشاه |settlement_type = city |image_skyline = | nickname = The Land of History & Myths; The Land of Eternal Lovers; The Land of Shirin & Farhad |imagesize = |image_caption = Monuments of [[Taq-e Bostan|Taghbostan]], carved 4th–6th A.D |pushpin_map = Iran |mapsize = 150px |coordinates_region = IR |subdivision_type = [[List of countries|Country]] |subdivision_name = {{flag|Iran}} |subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of Iran|Province]] |subdivision_name1 = [[Kermanshah Province|Kermanshah]] |subdivision_type2 = [[Counties of Iran|County]] |subdivision_name2 = [[Kermanshah County|Kermanshah]] |subdivision_type3 = [[Bakhsh]] |subdivision_name3 = [[Central District (Kermanshah County)|Central]] |leader_title = [[Mayor]] |leader_name = [[Peyman Ghorbani]] |established_title = Established date |established_date = 4th century |area_total_km2 = |area_footnotes = |population_as_of = 2012 |population_total =828,313 |population_blank1_title= [[Demonym]] |population_blank1 = [[Kermanshahi]] |population_density_km2 = auto |timezone = [[Iran Standard Time|IRST]] |utc_offset = +3:30 |timezone_DST = [[Iran Daylight Time|IRDT]] |utc_offset_DST = +4:30 |coordinates_display = % |latd=34|latm=18|lats=51|latNS=N |longd=47|longm=03|longs=54|longEW=E |elevation_m = 1,350 |website = [http://www.kermanshahcity.ir/ www.kermanshahcity.ir] |postal_code_type = [[Postal code]] |postal_code = 67146 |area_code = 0831 |footnotes = }} '''Kermanshah''' ({{lang-fa|کرمانشاه, Kermãnshãh}},{{lang-ku|کرماشان, Kirmaşan}}; also known as '''Bakhtaran''', '''Bākhtarān''', '''Kermānshāhān''' and '''Qahremānshahr''')<ref>{{GEOnet3|-3070245}}</ref> is a city in and the capital of [[Kermanshah Province]], [[Iran]]. At the 2006 census, its population was 784,602, in 198,117 families. The languages spoken by the people is kermanshahi [[persian people|persian]], Kermanshahi [[Kurdish people|Kurdish]] and [[Lak people (Iran)|laki]]. Kermanshah is located 525&nbsp;km from [[Tehran]] in the western part of [[Iran]]. Kermanshah has a moderate and mountainous climate.<ref name="assistnews1">{{cite web|url=http://www.assistnews.net/Stories/2010/s10020115.htm |title=Arrest of the Assyrian leader of the Kermanshah Church in iran |publisher=Assistnews.net |date= |accessdate=2011-12-02}}</ref><ref>[http://www.iranchamber.com/cities/kermanshah/kermanshah.php Iran Chamber society]: accessed: September 2010.</ref><ref name="zaban">[http://www.salamkermanshah.ir/test/kermanshah-mad-info.htm روزنامه سلام کرمانشاه] '''Persian''' ('''Kurdish''')</ref><ref name="b"> [http://www.artkermanshah.ir/Default.aspx?page=3688 آشنایی با فرهنگ و نژاد استان کرمانشاه]('''Persian''')</ref><ref name=a>[http://www.kermanshahmiras.ir/fa_site/Preview.asp?categoryid=5&code=6686 سازمان میراث فرهنگی، صنایع دستی و گردشگری استان کرمانشاه] بازدید 2010/03/11</ref> The religion of most of the people is [[Shia Islam]]. ==History== ===Prehistoric Periods=== [[File:Kermanshah-London illustrated news 1.jpg|thumb|left|220px|A view of Kermanshah in mid 19th century- toward south, Farokhshad Mt. and Wasi Mt. are visible at background]] Given its antiquity, attractive landscapes and rich culture, Kermanshah is considered as one of the cradles of prehistoric cultures such as [[Neolithic]] villages. According to archaeological surveys and excavation, Kermanshah area has been occupied by prehistoric people since the [[Lower Paleolithic]] period, and continued to later [[Paleolithic]] periods till late [[Pleistocene]] period. The Lower Paleolithic evidence consists of some handaxes found in the Gakia area to the east of the city. The [[Middle Paleolithic]] remains have been found in the northern vicinity of the city in Tang-e Kenesht and near [[Taqwasan]]. [[Neanderthal]] Man existed in the Kermanshah region during this period. The known Paleolithic caves in this area are [[Warwasi]], Qobeh,Malaverd and [[Do-Ashkaft Cave]]. The region was also one of the first places in which human settlements including Asiab, Qazanchi, Tappeh Sarab, [[Chia Jani]], and Ganj-Darreh were established between 8,000-10,000 years ago. This is about the same time that the first potteries pertaining to Iran were made in Ganj-Darreh, near present-day [[Harsin]]. In May 2009, based on a research conducted by the University of [[Hamedan]] and [[University College London|UCL]], the head of Archeology Research Center of Iran's Cultural Heritage and Tourism Organization announced that the one of the oldest [[prehistorian]] village in the [[Middle East]] dating back to 9800 B.P., was discovered in [[Sahneh County|Sahneh]], located west of Kermanshah.<ref name="ISNA">{{cite web | url =http://www.isna.ir/ISNA/NewsView.aspx?ID=News-1344672&Lang=E |title =Most ancient Mid East village discovered in western Iran | year=2009 | accessdate=2009-05-23 }}</ref><ref name="خبرگزاري دانشجويان ايران">{{cite web | url =http://kermanshah.isna.ir/mainnews.php?ID=News-22054 |title =با 11800 سال قدمت، قديمي‌ترين روستاي خاورميانه در كرمانشاه كشف شد | year=2009 | accessdate=2009-05-23 }} {{Dead link|date=September 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> Remains of later village occupations and early Bronze Age are found in a number of mound sites in the city itself. [[File:Kermanshah Pal Museum-Neanderthal.jpg|thumb|A reconstruction of a Neanderthal male at [[Zagros Paleolithic Museum]] ]] ===Historic Periods=== [[File:Bistoon Kermanshah.jpg|thumb|220px|Hellenistic-era depiction of [[Vahram|Bahram]] as [[Hercules]] carved in 153 BC.]] In ancient [[Iranian folklore|Iranian]] mythology, construction of the city is attributed to Tahmoures Divband, the fabulous king of Pishdadian dynasty, however it is believed that the [[Sassanids]] have constructed Kirmaşan/Kermanshah. [[Bahram IV]] called Kirmaşan/Kermanshah gave his name to this city.<ref>[http://www.loghatnaameh.com/dehkhodaworddetail-3dad73773a1c4e78844374111c1a94fb-fa.html Dehkhoda: Kermanshah].</ref> It was a glorious city in [[Sassanid]] period about the 4th century AD when it became the capital city and a significant health center serving as a summer resort for [[Sassanid]] kings. In AD 226, following a two-year war led by the Persian Emperor, [[Ardashir I]], against [[Kurdish people|Kurdish]] tribes in the region, the empire reinstated a local [[Kurdish people|Kurdish]] prince, Kayus of Medya, to rule Kirmaşan/Kermanshah. Within the dynasty known as the [[House of Kayus]] (also ''Kâvusakân'') remained a semi-independent Kurdish kingdom lasting until AD 380 before [[Ardashir II]] removed the dynasty's last ruling member. ===Islamic periods=== Kermanshah was conquered by the [[Arabs]] in AD 640. Under [[Seljuk Turks|Seljuk]] rule in the eleventh century, it was a major cultural and commercial centre in Western [[Iran]] and the southern Kurdish region as a whole. The [[Safavids]] fortified the town, and the [[Qajars]] repulsed an attack by the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottomans]] during [[Fath Ali Shah]]'s rule (1797–1834). Kermanshah was occupied by [[Ottoman Empire|Ottomans]] between 1723–1729 and 1731-1732. ===Recent=== Occupied by the Ottoman army in 1915 during [[World War I]], it was evacuated in 1917. Kermanshah played an important role in the [[Iranian Constitutional Revolution]] during the [[Qajar dynasty|Qajar]] period and the Republic Movement in [[Pahlavi dynasty|Pahlavi]] period. The city was badly damaged during the [[Iran–Iraq War]], and although it was rebuilt, it has not yet fully recovered. ===Naming dispute=== After The [[Islamic Revolution]] in the late 1970s, the city was shortly named "Ghahramanshahr" and later the city and its province (called Kermanshahan before the revolution) were renamed [[Bakhtaran]], apparently due to the presence of the word "[[Shah]]" in the original name. Bakhtaran means Western, which refers to the location of the city and the province within Iran. After the [[Iran–Iraq War]], however, the city was renamed Kermanshah, as it resonates more with the desire of its people and the Persian literature and the collective memory of the Iranian people. ==Demographics== The city's inhabitants are mainly [[Persian people|Persian]] and [[Kurdish people|Kurdish ]]<nowiki/>along with [[Lak people (Iran)|laki]] minority. Most of the population follows [[Shia Islam]], like the rest of the province. ==Climate== Kermanshah has a climate heavily influenced by the proximity of the [[Zagros]] mountains, classified as a dry summer-continental climate (''Dsa''). The city's altitude and exposed location relative to westerly winds makes precipitation a little bit high (more than twice that of [[Tehran]]), but at the same time produces huge diurnal temperature swings especially in the virtually rainless summers, which remain extremely hot during the day. Kermanshah experiences rather cold winters and there are usually rainfalls in fall and spring. Snow cover is seen for at least a couple of weeks during winter. <center>{{Weather box |location = Kirmaşan/Kermanshah, Iran |metric first = Yes |single line = Yes |Jan record high C = 20.0 |Feb record high C = 21.0 |Mar record high C = 27.0 |Apr record high C = 30.0 |May record high C = 35.0 |Jun record high C = 41.0 |Jul record high C = 44.0 |Aug record high C = 44.0 |Sep record high C = 39.0 |Oct record high C = 33.0 |Nov record high C = 26.0 |Dec record high C = 21.0 |Jan high C = 6.5 |Feb high C = 8.9 |Mar high C = 14.3 |Apr high C = 19.7 |May high C = 25.8 |Jun high C = 33.3 |Jul high C = 37.8 |Aug high C = 37.0 |Sep high C = 32.5 |Oct high C = 25.0 |Nov high C = 16.7 |Dec high C = 9.7 |Jan mean C = 0.6 |Feb mean C = 2.5 |Mar mean C = 7.7 |Apr mean C = 12.7 |May mean C = 17.6 |Jun mean C = 23.6 |Jul mean C = 28.2 |Aug mean C = 27.2 |Sep mean C = 22.4 |Oct mean C = 16.0 |Nov mean C = 8.9 |Dec mean C = 3.5 |Jan low C = -4.3 |Feb low C = -3.0 |Mar low C = 1.2 |Apr low C = 5.1 |May low C = 8.2 |Jun low C = 11.4 |Jul low C = 16.1 |Aug low C = 15.4 |Sep low C = 10.6 |Oct low C = 6.4 |Nov low C = 1.8 |Dec low C = 1.7 |Jan record low C = −24.0 |Feb record low C = -27.0 |Mar record low C = −10.4 |Apr record low C = -6.0 |May record low C = -1.0 |Jun record low C = 2.0 |Jul record low C = 8.0 |Aug record low C = 8.0 |Sep record low C = 2.0 |Oct record low C = -3.5 |Nov record low C = -11.0 |Dec record low C = −19.0 |precipitation colour=green |Jan precipitation mm = 67.1 |Feb precipitation mm = 62.9 |Mar precipitation mm = 88.9 |Apr precipitation mm = 69.9 |May precipitation mm = 33.7 |Jun precipitation mm = 0.5 |Jul precipitation mm = 0.3 |Aug precipitation mm = 0.3 |Sep precipitation mm = 1.3 |Oct precipitation mm = 29.2 |Nov precipitation mm = 54.3 |Dec precipitation mm = 70.3 |Jan rain days = 11.4 |Feb rain days = 10.7 |Mar rain days = 12.6 |Apr rain days = 11.0 |May rain days = 7.6 |Jun rain days = 0.5 |Jul rain days = 0.2 |Aug rain days = 0.4 |Sep rain days = 0.5 |Oct rain days = 4.9 |Nov rain days = 7.9 |Dec rain days = 9.6 |Jan snow days = 5.9 |Feb snow days = 4.7 |Mar snow days = 1.9 |Apr snow days = 0.2 |May snow days = 0 |Jun snow days = 0 |Jul snow days = 0 |Aug snow days = 0 |Sep snow days = 0 |Oct snow days = 0 |Nov snow days = 0.3 |Dec snow days = 3.1 |Jan sun = 134.8 |Feb sun = 150.1 |Mar sun = 180.7 |Apr sun = 204.6 |May sun = 268.0 |Jun sun = 348.3 |Jul sun = 349.1 |Aug sun = 336.7 |Sep sun = 304.6 |Oct sun = 242.8 |Nov sun = 187.6 |Dec sun = 147.9 |Jan humidity = 75 |Feb humidity = 71 |Mar humidity = 62 |Apr humidity = 57 |May humidity = 49 |Jun humidity = 28 |Jul humidity = 23 |Aug humidity = 23 |Sep humidity = 25 |Oct humidity = 40 |Nov humidity = 59 |Dec humidity = 71 |source 1 = NOAA (1961-1990) <ref name= NOAA>{{cite web |url = ftp://dossier.ogp.noaa.gov/GCOS/WMO-Normals/RA-II/IR/40766.TXT |title = Kermanshah Climate Normals 1961-1990 |publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] |accessdate = December 28, 2012}}</ref> |date=August 2010 }}</center> {{clear}} ==Sightseeing== [[File:Reliefs-overview.JPG|thumb|right|180px|Frontal view of the two arches.]] [[File:Taq-e Bostan - High-relief of Anahita, Khosro II, Ahura Mazda.jpg|right|thumb|300px| [[Anahita]] on the left as the patron ''[[yazata]]'' of the [[Sassanian dynasty]] behind Emperor [[Khosrau II|Khosrau Parviz]] with Ahura Mazda presenting the [[diadem]] of sovereignty on the right. [[Taq-e Bostan]].]] Kermanshah sights include [[Kohneh Bridge]], [[Behistun Inscription]], [[Taq-e Bostan|Taghbostan]], [[Temple of Anahita at Kangavar|Temple of Anahita]], [[Dinavar]], [[Ganj Dareh]], [[Essaqwand Rock Tombs]], [[Sorkh Deh chamber tomb]], [[Malek Tomb]], [[Hulwan, Iran|Hulwan]], [[Median]] dakhmeh (Darbad, Sahneh), [[Parav cave]], [[Do-Ashkaft Cave]], [[Tekyeh Moavenalmolk]], Dokan Davood Inscription, Sar Pol-e-Zahab, Tagh e gara, Patagh pass, Sarab Niloufar, Ghoori Ghale Cave, Khaja Barookh's House, Chiyajani Tappe, [[Behistun Inscription#Other historical monuments in Behistun complex|Statue of Herakles in Behistun complex]], Emad al doleh Mosque, Tekyeh-e Beglarbagi, Hunters cave, Jamé Mosque of Kermanshah, [[Godin Tepe]], [[Behistun Inscription#Other historical monuments in Behistun complex|Bas relief of Gotarzes II of Parthia]], and [[Anobanini]] bas relief. ===[[Taq-e Bostan|Taghbostan]]=== {{main|Taq-e_Bostan}} [[Taq-e Bostan|Taghbostan]] is a series of large rock relief from the era of [[Sassanid Empire]] of Persia, the [[History of Iran|Iranian dynasty]] which ruled [[western Asia]] from 226 to 650 AD. This example of [[Sassanid art]] is located 5&nbsp;km from the city center of Kermanshah in western [[Iran]]. It is located in the heart of the [[Zagros|Zagros mountain]]s, where it has endured almost 1,700 years of wind and rain. The carvings, some of the finest and best-preserved examples of Persian sculpture under the Sassanids, include representations of the investitures of [[Ardashir II]] (379–383) and [[Shapur III]] (383–388). Like other Sassanid symbols, [[Taq-e Bostan|Taghbostan]] and its relief patterns accentuate power, religious tendencies, glory, honor, the vastness of the court, game and fighting spirit, festivity, joy, and rejoicing. Sassanid kings chose a beautiful setting for their rock reliefs along an historic [[Silk Road]] caravan route [[waypoint]] and campground. The reliefs are adjacent a sacred spring that empties into a large reflecting pool at the base of a mountain cliff. [[Taq-e Bostan|Taghbostan]] and its rock relief are one of the 30 surviving Sassanid relics of the [[Zagros mountains]]. According to [[Arthur Pope]], the founder of Iranian art and archeology Institute in the USA, "art was characteristic of the Iranian people and the gift which they endowed the world with." One of the most impressive reliefs inside the largest grotto or ''ivan'' is the gigantic [[equestrian sculpture|equestrian]] figure of the Sassanid king [[Khosrau II]] (591-628 AD) mounted on his favorite charger, [[Shabdiz]]. Both horse and rider are arrayed in full battle armor. The arch rests on two columns that bear delicately carved patterns showing the tree of life or the sacred tree. Above the arch and located on two opposite sides are figures of two winged angles with [[Diadem (personal wear)|diadems]]. Around the outer layer of the arch, a conspicuous margin has been carved, jagged with flower patterns. These patterns are also found in the official costumes of Sassanid kings. Equestrian relief panel measured on 16.08.07 approx. 7.45&nbsp;m across by 4.25 m high. ===Behistun=== {{main|Behistun Inscription}} {{Infobox World Heritage Site | Name = [[Behistun Inscription|Bisotun]] | Image = [[File:Darius I the Great's inscription.jpg|230px|Modern day picture of the inscription.]] | State_Party = [[Iran]] (Islamic Republic of) | Type = Cultural | Criteria = ii, iii | ID = 1222 | Link = http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1222 | Region = [[List of World Heritage Sites in Asia and Australasia|Asia-Pacific]] | Year = 2006 | Session = 30th }} Behistun inscription is considered as a [[UNESCO World Heritage Site]]. The [[Behistun Inscription]] (also ''Bisitun'' or ''Bisutun'', [[Modern Persian]]: بیستون ; [[Old Persian]]: ''Bagastana'', meaning "the god's place or land") is a multi-lingual inscription located on [[Mount Behistun]]. The inscription includes three versions of the same text, written in three different [[cuneiform script]] languages: [[Old Persian language|Old Persian]], [[Elamite language|Elamite]], and [[Babylonian language|Babylonian]]. A British army officer, [[Sir Henry Rawlinson, 1st Baronet|Henry Rawlinson]], had the inscription transcribed in two parts, in 1835 and 1843. Rawlinson was able to translate the Old Persian cuneiform text in 1838, and the Elamite and Babylonian texts were translated by Rawlinson and others after 1843. Babylonian was a later form of [[Akkadian language|Akkadian]]: both are [[Semitic languages]]. In effect, then, the inscription is to [[Cuneiform script|cuneiform]] what the [[Rosetta Stone]] is to [[Egyptian hieroglyph]]s: the document most crucial in the [[decipherment]] of a previously lost [[writing system|script]]. The inscription is approximately 15&nbsp;metres high by 25&nbsp;metres wide, and 100&nbsp;metres up a [[limestone]] cliff from an ancient road connecting the capitals of [[Babylonia]] and [[Medes|Media]] ([[Babylon]] and [[Ecbatana]]). It is extremely inaccessible as the mountainside was removed to make the inscription more visible after its completion. The Old Persian text contains 414 lines in five columns; the Elamite text includes 593 lines in eight columns and the Babylonian text is in 112 lines. The inscription was illustrated by a life-sized bas-relief of [[Darius the Great of Persia|Darius]], holding a [[bow (weapon)|bow]] as a sign of kingship, with his left foot on the chest of a figure lying on his back before him. The prostrate figure is reputed to be the [[pretender]] [[Gaumata]]. Darius is attended to the left by two servants, and ten one-metre figures stand to the right, with hands tied and rope around their necks, representing conquered peoples. [[Faravahar]] floats above, giving his blessing to the king. One figure appears to have been added after the others were completed, as was (oddly enough) Darius' beard,{{Citation needed|date=November 2007}} which is a separate block of stone attached with [[iron]] pins and [[lead]]. ===Ghajar dynasty monuments=== {{see also|Tekyeh Mo'avenalmolk|Khaja Barookh's House}} During the [[Qajar dynasty]] (1794 to 1925), [[Kermanshah Bazaar|Kirmaşan/Kermanshah Bazaar]], Mosques and [[Tekyeh]]s such as [[Moavenalmolk Mosque]], and beautiful houses such as [[Khaja Barookh's House]] were built. [[Tekyeh Moavenalmolk]], is unique because it has many pictures on the walls that relate to [[shahnameh]], despite some of its more religious ones. [[Khaja Barookh's House]] is located in the old district of Faizabad, a [[Jewish]] neighborhood of Kirmaşan/Kermanshah. It was built by a Jewish merchant of the [[Qajar dynasty|Qajar]] period, named Barookh. The house, an historical depiction of Iranian architecture, was renamed "Randeh-Kesh House", after the last owner, is a "daroongara"(pro-interior)house and is connected through a vestibule to the exterior yard and through a corridor to the interior yard.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kermanshahmiras.ir/fa_site/preview.asp?categoryid=11&code=5451 |title=سازمان ميراث فرهنگي، گردشگري و صنايع دستي استان كرمانشاه |publisher=Kermanshahmiras.ir |date= |accessdate=2011-12-02}}</ref> Surrounding the interior yard are rooms, brick pillars making the iwans(porches) of the house, and step-like column capitals decorated with brick-stalactite work. This house is among the rare Qajar houses with a private bathroom. [[File:Khaneh-Barookh1.jpg|thumb|Khaja Barookh's House]] [[File:Kermanshah Paleolithic Museum.jpg|right|thumb|Interior of the second room of Zagros Paleolithic Museum.]] ==Economy== Kermanshah is one of the western agricultural core of Iran that produces grain, rice, vegetable, fruits, and oilseeds, however Kermanshah is emerging as a fairly important industrial city; there are two industrial centers with more than 256 manufacturing units in the suburb of the city. These industries include [[petrochemical]] refinery, [[textile]] manufacturing, [[food processing]], carpet making, sugar refining, and the production of electrical equipment and tools. Kermanshah Oil Refining Company (KORC) established in 1932 by British companies, is one of the major industries in the city. After recent changes in [[Iraq]], Kermanshah has become one of the main importing and exporting gates of [[Iran]]. ==Higher education== *Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah Branch <ref>[http://www.iauksh.ac.ir/ iauksh.ac.ir]</ref> *[[Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences]] *[[Kermanshah University of Technology]]<ref>[http://www.kut.ac.ir/ kut.ac.ir]</ref> *[[Payame Noor University]] *[[Razi University]] ==Notable people== [[File:Sanjabi.jpg|thumb|[[Karim Sanjabi]], Iran's attorney in national oil's movement, leader of National Front, former minister of foreign affairs, former minister of education]] *[[Doris Lessing]], writer, 2007 winner of the [[Nobel Prize in Literature]] (born in Kirmaşan/Kermanshah to British parents) *[[Mojtaba Mirzadeh]] master of violin and setar *[[Shahram Nazeri]], vocalist and musician *[[Kayhan Kalhor]], musician *[[Pouran Derakhshandeh]], film director, producer, screen writer *[[Reza Shafiei Jam]], actor *[[Karim Sanjabi]], Iran's attorney in the oil's national movement, former foreign minister *[[Massoud Azarnoush]], archaeologist *[[Rashid Yasemi]], one of the [[Five-Masters]] of [[Persian Literature]] *[[Moeini kermanshahi]], songwriter *[[Ali Mohammad Afghani]], novelist *[[Ali Ashraf Darvishian]], novelist and writer *[[Seyed Khalil Alinezhad]], [[Tanbour]] master *[[Mirza Mohammad Reza Kalhor]], calligrapher *[[Abolghasem Lahouti]], poet *[[Manouchehr Esmaili]], TV and cinema doubleur *[[Sousan]] (Golandam Taherkhani), singer *[[Nozar Azadi]], actor *[[Reza Fieze Norouzi]], actor *[[Alexis Kouros]], writer, documentary-maker, director and producer *[[Roknoddin Mokhtari]], violin player *[[Bijan Namdar Zangeneh]], former minister *[[Ebrahim Azizi]], member and spokesman of the Guardian Council *[[Mir Jalaleddin Kazzazi]], writer *[[Al-Dinawari]], botanist, historian, geographer, astronomer and mathematician *[[Shahram Amiri]], nuclear scientist *[[Mohammad Ranjbar]], former [[Iran national football team]] player and headcoach *[[Mohammad Hassan Mohebbi]], light heavyweight [[freestyle wrestler]] & Iran's national team coach *[[Kourosh Bagheri]], world weightlifting champion *[[Ali Mazaheri]], [[2006 Asian Games]] gold medalist, Asian champion & Olympic boxer *[[Homa Hosseini]], [[rower]] *[[Ali Akbar Moradi]], Musician and Tanbour Player *[[Guity Novin]], painter & graphic designer *[[Sohrab Pournazeri]], musician *[[Mahshid Amirshahi]], writer *[[Kianoush Rostami]], world weight lifting champion *[[Mojtaba Shamsipour]], Ph.D. in Analytical chemistry from Michigan State University *[[Abdolreza Mesri]], MP from Kirmaşan/Kermanshah constituency in the 7th, & 9th Islamic Consultative Assembly, former minister of Welfare & Iran's ambassador to Venezuela *[[Neda Shahsavari]], table tennis player *[[AbdolReza Razmjoo]], musician ==Photos of Kirmaşan/Kermanshah== {{gallery |lines=1 |File:Kirmaşan/Kermanshah1.jpg| <center>[[Taq-e Bostan|Taghbostan]] Lake </center> |File:Knight-Iran.JPG| <center>Carving of [[Khosrau II|Khosrow Parviz]]<ref group="fn">[[Khosrau II|Khosrow Parviz]] is standing here. On his left is [[Ahura Mazda]], on his right is [[Anahita]], and below is, Khosrau dressed as a mounted Persian knight riding on his favourite horse, [[Shabdiz]].</ref></center> |File:kermanshah-bisotoun_inscription.jpg| |File:KermanshahNature1.jpg| |File:Kermanshah city.jpg| <center> [[Ferdowsi]] Square |File:Kermanshah-anahita temple.jpg| <center> [[Anahita Temple]] in [[Kangavar]] |File:Sanandaj kermanshah road.jpg| |File:Mount Dalekhani1.jpg| <center>Mount Dalekhani</center> |File:KermanshahCave1.jpg| |File:GhooriGhaleh.jpg|<center>Ghouri Ghaleh Cave</center> |File:Cave_of_ghori_ghal.jpg|<center>Ghouri Ghaleh Cave</center> |File:Taq-1.png| |File:Darius I the Great's inscription.jpg| <center>[[Bisotun]] Inscription<ref group="fn">Authored by [[Darius I|Darius the Great]] sometime between his coronation as king of the Persian Empire in the summer of 522 BC and his death in autumn of 486 BC.</ref></center> |File:BehistunInscriptiondetail.jpg| <center>Close-Up of [[Bisotun]] Inscription</center> |File:Harp-Sassanid.png|[[Taq-e Bostan|Taghbostan]] Carving <ref group="fn">Women playing [[harp]] while the king is standing in a boat holding his bow and arrows, from 6th century Sassanid Iran.</ref> |File:Reliefs-overview.JPG| |File:Sassanid-woman.png|<center>[[Taq-e Bostan|Taghbostan]] Carving <ref group="fn">Female musicians accompanying king during hunting. These are identified as unfinished carvings, the figures have been blocked-out but yet to be completed [compare with figure bottom right foreground], as elsewhere on the two hunting panels in the larger ''iwan''.</ref> |File:Tekye moaven ol molk.JPG|<center>Tekye moaven ol molk</center> |File:Parau.JPG|<center>Mount Parau</center> |File:Taghbostan Boulevard.jpg|<center>Taghbostan Boulevard</center> |File:Ferdosi Sq..jpg|<center>Ferdosi Square</center> ||<center>Mosaddegh Square</center> }} ===Footnotes=== <references group="fn" /> ==Sister cities== *{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Sicily]], Italy (2010) *{{flagicon|TUR}} [[Gaziantep]] ([[Dîlok]]), Turkey (2010) *{{flagicon|CRO}} [[Split, Croatia|Split]], Croatia (2011) ==See also== * [[Kalhor (tribe)|Kalhor]] *Kirmaşan/ [[Kermanshah Province]] * Kirmaşan/[[Kermanshahi]] * [[Warwasi]] cave * [[Visual Art High school of Kermanshah]] ==External links== *[http://www.iranreview.org/content/Documents/Past_Heritage_in_the_Land_of_Farhad.htm] * [http://www.irantooth.com/iranpics/dariush_inscriptions.htm Pictures of Inscription and Bas relief of Darius the Great ] - Free Pictures of IRAN [http://www.irantooth.com irantooth.com] * [http://aryo.ir/pages/kermanshah/bisotun.htm Photos from Bisotun Complex] - From Online Photo Gallery Of [http://www.aryo.ir Aryo.ir] * [http://aryo.ir/pages/kermanshah/taq.htm Photos from Taqwasan] - From Online Photo Gallery Of [http://www.aryo.ir Aryo.ir] * [http://aryo.ir/pages/kermanshah/tekye.htm Photos from Moavenol Molk Tekieh] - From Online Photo Gallery Of [http://www.aryo.ir Aryo.ir] ==References== {{Reflist|2}} {{Kermanshah Province}} {{Kermanshah County}} [[Category:Populated places in Kermanshah County]] [[Category:Cities in Iran]] [[Category:Cities in Kermanshah Province]] [[Category:Iranian provincial capitals]]'