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{{Redirect|Fremantle}} |
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{{Infobox Australian Place | type = suburb |
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| name = Fremantle |
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| type = city |
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| state = wa |
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| image = Aerial view of Fremantle.JPG |
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| caption = Aerial view of Fremantle |
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| lga = City of Fremantle |
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| postcode = 6160 |
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| est = 1829 |
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| pop = 7,643<ref name="autogenerated1">{{Census 2001 AUS|id=SSC51481|name=Fremantle (State Suburb)|accessdate=2007-06-30|quick=on}}</ref> |
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| area = 5.6 |
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| stategov = [[Electoral district of Fremantle|Fremantle]] |
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| fedgov = [[Division of Fremantle|Fremantle]] |
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| near-nw = ''[[Indian Ocean]]'' |
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| near-n = [[North Fremantle, Western Australia|North Fremantle]] |
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| near-ne = [[East Fremantle, Western Australia|East Fremantle]] |
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| near-w = ''[[Indian Ocean]]'' |
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| near-e = [[Palmyra, Western Australia|Palmyra]]<br>[[White Gum Valley, Western Australia|White Gum Valley]] |
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| near-sw = ''[[Indian Ocean]]'' |
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| near-s = [[South Fremantle, Western Australia|South Fremantle]] |
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| near-se = [[Beaconsfield, Western Australia|Beaconsfield]] |
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| dist1 = 19 | dir1 = SW | location1= [[Perth, Western Australia|Perth]] |
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}}{{coord|-32.0569|115.7439|type:city(26000)_region:AU-WA_scale:30000|format=dms|display=title}} |
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'''Fremantle''' is a [[port]] [[city]] in [[Western Australia]], located {{convert|19|km|mi|0}} southwest of [[Perth, Western Australia|Perth]], the state capital, at the mouth of the [[Swan River (Western Australia)|Swan River]] on [[Australia]]'s western coast. It was the first settlement of the [[Swan River Colony|Swan River colonists]] in 1829. It was declared a city in 1929, and has a population of approximately 26,000. |
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The city is named after Captain [[Charles Fremantle]], the English naval officer who had pronounced possession of [[Western Australia]] and who established a camp at the site. The city contains well-preserved 19th-century buildings and other heritage features. The Western Australian vernacular diminutive for Fremantle is "Freo".<ref>Australians generally favour the pronunciation "FREE-mantle" over its English antecedent "Fre-MAN-tle". However, the stress commonly reverts to the second syllable in phonetic compounds such as 'North Fre-MAN-tle', 'South Fre-MAN-tle', etc. "Freo" is pronounced FREE-oh.</ref> |
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KRAPPP!!!FREO SUCK THEY ARE KRAPPP!!!FREO SUCK THEY ARE FREO SUCK THEY ARE KRAPPP!!!FREO SUCK THEY ARE KRAPPP!!!FREO SUCK THEY ARE KRAPPP!!!FREO SUCK THEY ARE KRAPPP!!!FREO SUCK THEY ARE KRAPPP!!!FREO SUCK THEY ARE KRAPPP!!!FREO SUCK THEY ARE KRAPPP!!!FREO SUCK THEY ARE KRAPPP!!!FREO SUCK THEY ARE KRAPPP!!!FREO SUCK THEY ARE KRAPPP!!!FREO SUCK THEY ARE KRAPPP!!!FREO SUCK THEY ARE KRAPPP!!!FREO SUCK THEY ARE KRAPPP!!!FREO SUCK THEY ARE KRAPPP!!!FREO SUCK THEY ARE KRAPPP!!!FREO SUCK THEY ARE KRAPPP!!!FREO SUCK THEY ARE KRAPPP!!!FREO SUCK THEY ARE KRAPPP!!!FREO SUCK THEY ARE KRAPPP!!!FREO SUCK THEY ARE KRAPPP!!!FREO SUCK THEY ARE KRAPPP!!!FREO SUCK THEY ARE KRAPPP!!!FREO SUCK THEY ARE KRAPPP!!!FREO SUCK THEY ARE KRAPPP!!!FREO SUCK THEY ARE KRAPPP!!!FREO SUCK THEY ARE KRAPPP!!!FREO SUCK THEY ARE KRAPPP!!!FREO SUCK THEY ARE KRAPPP!!!FREO SUCK THEY ARE FREO SUCK THEY ARE KRAPPP!!!FREO SUCK THEY ARE KRAPPP!!!FREO SUCK THEY ARE KRAPPP!!!FREO SUCK THEY ARE KRAPPP!!!FREO SUCK THEY ARE KRAPPP!!!FREO SUCK THEY ARE KRAPPP!!!FREO SUCK THEY ARE KRAPPP!!!FREO SUCK THEY ARE KRAPPP!!!FREO SUCK THEY ARE KRAPPP!!!FREO SUCK THEY ARE KRAPPP!!!FREO SUCK THEY ARE KRAPPP!!!FREO SUCK THEY ARE KRAPPP!!!FREO SUCK THEY ARE KRAPPP!!!FREO SUCK THEY ARE KRAPPP!!!FREO SUCK THEY ARE KRAPPP!!!FREO SUCK THEY ARE KRAPPP!!!FREO SUCK THEY ARE KRAPPP!!!FREO SUCK THEY ARE KRAPPP!!!FREO SUCK THEY ARE KRAPPP!!!FREO SUCK THEY ARE KRAPPP!!!FREO SUCK THEY ARE KRAPPP!!!FREO SUCK THEY ARE KRAPPP!!!FREO SUCK THEY ARE KRAPPP!!!FREO SUCK THEY ARE KRAPPP!!!FREO SUCK THEY ARE KRAPPP!!!FREO SUCK THEY ARE KRAPPP!!!FREO SUCK THEY ARE KRAPPP!!!FREO SUCK THEY ARE KRAPPP!!!FREO SUCK THEY ARE |
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==History== |
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{{see also|Swan River Colony}} |
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[[Image:FremantleTownHall1 gobeirne.jpg|left|thumb|200px|Fremantle Town Hall]] |
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On 25 April 1829, the ship ''[[HMS Challenger]]'' under the guidance of [[Charles Fremantle|Captain Fremantle]] had arrived in the waters off the Fremantle coast to make preparations for the [[Swan River Colony]]. |
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On 2 May 1829, Captain Fremantle formally took possession on behalf of [[King George IV]] of the entire west coast of [[New Holland]] in a ceremony conducted just near the south head of the Swan River. A few days later a camp was set up in a bay just south of the head, and Fremantle has been occupied ever since. |
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A month later, on 1 June, Captain [[James Stirling (Australian governor)|James Stirling]] on the ''[[Parmelia (barque)|Parmelia]]'' arrived to officially set up the Swan River Colony. The settlement of [[Perth, Western Australia|Perth]] began on 12 August 1829. |
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Captain Fremantle left the colony on 25 August after providing much assistance to Stirling in setting up the colony. It was then that Stirling decided to name the port settlement 'Fremantle'.<ref>Appleyard, R. T. and Manford, Toby (1979). ''The Beginning: European Discovery and Early Settlement of Swan River Western Australia'', University of Western Australia Press. ISBN 0-85564-146-0. (for early history)</ref> |
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In 1897, Irish-born engineer [[C. Y. O'Connor]] deepened Fremantle harbour and removed the [[limestone]] bar and sand shoals across the entrance to the Swan River, thus rendering Fremantle a serviceable port for commercial [[shipping]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://localhero.biz/article/permatitle/history_of_fremantle,_western_australia/|title=Local history of Fremantle|author=''[[LocalHero]]''}}</ref>. Fremantle still serves as the chief general seaport for [[Western Australia]], though far greater tonnages are exported from the iron-ore ports of the [[Pilbara]]. |
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[[Image:CY OConnor Statue Fremantle.jpg|200px|right|thumb|[[Pietro Porcelli]]'s statue of [[C. Y. O'Connor]], who designed Fremantle Harbour, at Fremantle Port.]] |
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Fremantle has seen many industrial [[Organizational conflict|conflicts]], the most famous of which occurred in 1919 when rioting broke out during "the lumpers' strike", resulting in one death and many injuries.<ref>http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Fremantle_Wharf_Crisis_of_1919</ref> |
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During [[World War II]], Fremantle was the second largest base for Allied submarines operating in the Pacific theatre. There were up to 125 US, 31 British and 11 Free Dutch submarines [[Allied submarines in the Pacific War|operating out of Fremantle]], until the Americans moved forward to the [[Philippines]]. The movements and presence of [[USS Sturgeon (SS-187)|USS ''Sturgeon'' (SS-187)]] is a good example of such activity. |
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<center>[[Image:FremantleMaritimeMuseum2 gobeirne.jpg|center|thumb|475px|The distinctive WA Maritime Museum building on [[Victoria Quay]]]]</center> |
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==Politics== |
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The Fremantle [[Electoral district of Fremantle|state seat]] was continuously held by the [[Australian Labor Party]] from 1924 until 2009, when it was lost at a [[Fremantle state by-election, 2009|by-election]] to [[Greens WA|Greens]] candidate [[Adele Carles]]. The [[Division of Fremantle|federal electorate]] has returned Labor members continuously since 1934 and is currently represented by [[Melissa Parke]]. |
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The local government of the City of Fremantle consists of a mayor and council. The current mayor (2009) is [[Peter Tagliaferri]]. For electoral purposes the city is subdivided into six [[Ward (country subdivision)|wards]], each of which elects two councillors to represent them. Voting is voluntary and by postal ballot. The six wards are: North, South, East, City, [[Hilton, Western Australia|Hilton]] and [[Beaconsfield, Western Australia|Beaconsfield]].<ref>[http://www.freofocus.com/council/html/meet_your.cfm Meet your Council] Fremantle Focus (official site)</ref> |
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Fremantle has produced some significant Australian political figures. [[John Curtin]] served as [[Prime Minister of Australia]] during World War II, and is often described as one of the nation's greatest political leaders. The state's [[Curtin University|largest university]] and a [[John Curtin College of the Arts|major secondary school]] in Fremantle are named for him, and his statue stands in Kings Square near the Fremantle Town Hall. A long-serving mayor of the town, [[Frank Gibson|Sir Frank Gibson]] (1919-23 and 1926-52), was also a Liberal parliamentarian from 1942 to 1956. Gibson, a pharmacist with a shop in the High Street, was admired by all sides of politics for his civic leadership and tireless work for the city, especially during World War II, when he is said to have visited every ship that called at the port. He was a leading figure in many civic organisations and his stepson, Dr Roger Dunkley, was medical officer with the 2nd/2nd Independent Company during the [[Timor]] campaign in World War II. Carmen Lawrence, the first female premier of an Australian state, later represented Fremantle in the federal [[Australian House of Representatives|House of Representatives]]. |
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==Heritage buildings== |
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[[Image:Fremantle-RoudHouse.jpg|thumb|225px|The [[Round House]].]] Fremantle's modern [[Western Australian Maritime Museum|maritime museum]] is located at the harbour's mouth. The city is renowned for its well-preserved architectural heritage, including convict-built colonial-era buildings, an old jetty and port, and prisons; presenting a variety and unity of historic buildings and streetscapes. These were often built in limestone with ornate facades in a succession of architectural styles. Rapid development following the harbour works gave rise to an [[Edwardian]] precinct as merchant and shipping companies built in the west end and on reclaimed land.<ref>{{cite book |last= Irving|first= Robert (arch. consultant)|authorlink= |coauthors=, et al. |editor= |others= Morrison, Robin (Photos)|title=Book of Historic Australian Towns |edition=1 |series= |date= |year=1982 |month= |publisher=Readers Digest |location= |language= |isbn=0 909486 93 X |oclc= |doi= |id= |pages=134–139 |chapter= |chapterurl= |quote=Easily quarried limestone was as popular with colonial builders as sandstone or bluestone was with their counterparts in New South Wales or Victoria}}</ref> |
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The [[Round House]], the oldest remaining building in Western Australia, was built as a gaol between 1830 - 1831.<ref name="Round House">{{cite web|url=http://www.freofocus.com/things2c/html/roundhouse.cfm|title=Fremantle Focus, History and Heritage}}</ref> The Round House had eight cells and a gaoler's residence, which all opened up into a central courtyard. In the 1800s, bay [[Whaling in Western Australia|whaling]] was carried out from Bathers Beach below the Round House. As part of the whaling operations, a tunnel was constructed under the Round House to provide whalers with access to the town from the jetty and beach. |
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The Round House is located in what is now known as Fremantle's West End: a collection of streets characterised by late [[Georgian architecture|Georgian]] and [[Victorian architecture|Victorian-style architecture]] at the tip of the southern end of the port. A process of [[gentrification]] in the early 1990s was accelerated by the establishment of the [[University of Notre Dame Australia]], which occupies, and has restored, many of the buildings in the West End. |
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[[Image:Fremantle Prison in Western Australia.jpg|thumbnail|left|225px|[[Fremantle Prison]] at night]] |
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When the first 75 [[convict]]s arrived from [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|Britain]] in 1850 to support the colony's dwindling population, it became apparent that the Round House was inadequate to house them. The convicts built a new gaol, which was completed in the 1850s and continued to be used as Fremantle's prison until 1991. |
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[[Image:Freojail.jpg|thumbnail|225px|Front view of [[Fremantle Prison]] in daylight.]] |
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[[Fremantle Prison]] was once one of the most notorious prisons in the [[British Empire]]. It housed British convicts, local prisoners, military prisoners, enemy aliens and prisoners of war. It is now one of the state's heritage sites. Fremantle Prison was featured on an episode of [[The Amazing Race]] in 2006. It continues to be accessible by the public for inspection tours and as a venue for artistic and cultural activities.<ref> [http://www.fremantleprison.com.au/About_Us/missionvisionandobjectives/Pages/default.aspx Mission, vision and objectives] at Fremantle Prison official site</ref> |
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The majestic Fremantle History Museum is another building constructed in the 1860s by convicts from indigenous limestone: it is a former Victorian [[psychiatric hospital|lunatic asylum]] building on Ord Street, and is one of Fremantle's most significant landmarks.<ref> [http://www.museum.wa.gov.au/oursites/freohistory/freohistory.asp Welcome to the Fremantle History Museum] WA Museum site, with photographs</ref> This building was the land base of the U.S. Navy during WWII. It now also houses the [[Fremantle Arts Centre]] and the [[Immigration Museum, Fremantle|Immigration Museum]], which aims to preserve the history and stories of all immigrants who arrived in Western Australia. |
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[[Image:Fremantle Hospital July 2005 SMC.jpg|thumb|left|225px|[[Fremantle Hospital]]]] |
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The [[Fremantle Markets]] opened in 1897, forming a precinct providing handicrafts, specialty foods, dining halls and fish and vegetable markets. The area also hosts [[buskers]] and other street performers. The then [[Premier of Western Australia|premier]], [[John Forrest|Sir John Forrest]], laid the foundation stone for the markets on Saturday 6 November 1897. Over 150 stalls are housed in the Victorian-era building, which was listed by the [[National Trust of Australia]] and the state's Heritage Council in 1980. The adjacent Sail & Anchor Hotel is a historic building which contains a [[microbrewery]]. |
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The National Hotel, one of the city's historic buildings, was almost destroyed by fire on the night of Sunday, March 11, 2007, Though the interior was gutted, the historic facade was saved and its new owners are working to stabilise the building and restore it so the hotel can operate once more. |
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The National Trust has designated the grave of former [[AC/DC]] lead singer [[Bon Scott]] a national heritage site, in recognition of the thousands of rock music fans who visit it each year<ref> [http://www.theage.com.au/news/people/bon-scott-lives-on/2006/02/16/1140037818219.html Bon Scott grave] </ref>. |
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==Gallery== |
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<center><gallery> |
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Image:National Hotel, Fremantle, Western Australia.jpg|The National Hotel before the 2007 fire |
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Image:Fremantle Markets, Western Australia.jpg|[[Fremantle Markets]] |
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Image:Fremantle Arts Centre.jpg|Arts Centre |
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</gallery></center> |
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==Demographics== |
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Fremantle has a broadly mixed-class of professions yet high unemployment (10.2%), a multi ethnic population, and an above-average proportion of rented dwellings (43%) of which a larger-than-average proportion is owned by Homeswest (40.1%).<ref name="autogenerated1" /> Fremantle has supported the [[Australian Labor Party]] at both Federal and [[Parliament of Western Australia|state elections]].<ref>http://results.aec.gov.au/12246/results/HouseDivisionFirstPrefs-12246-240.htm Australian Electoral Commission 2004 Federal Election Results</ref> |
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For a city of small size, Fremantle is very diverse. Only 64% of the population was born in Australia. The largest overseas-born population groups come from the [[United Kingdom]], [[Italy]], [[New Zealand]], [[Ireland]] and [[Germany]]. There are also sizeable [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]]([[Madeiran]]) and [[Croatian people|Croatian]] communities. |
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<blockquote>On Census Night 4,485 persons in Fremantle (State Suburb) stated they were born in Australia. Other popular responses within Fremantle (State Suburb) were 760 born in England, 325 born in Italy, 210 born in New Zealand, 118 born in Scotland and 69 born in Portugal.<ref name="autogenerated1" /></blockquote> |
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Some 57% of the population is [[Christian]], largely [[Roman Catholic]] and [[Anglican]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://commercial.domain.com.au/public/SuburbProfile.aspx?mode=buy&suburb=Fremantle&postcode=6160 | title = Suburb profiles | accessdate = 2007-04-17 | year = 2007 | month = | format = aspx | work = Domain Commercial | publisher = Fairfax Digital | pages = | language = | archiveurl = | archivedate = | quote = |
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Religion - Top 5(6160 cp. Perth): |
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Catholic 32% 30% |
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No Religion 31% 22% |
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Anglican 20% 25% |
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Uniting Church 3% 5% |
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Presbyterian and Reformed 2% 3%}} |
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</ref> |
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==Education== |
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Fremantle is home to the main campus of the private Roman Catholic [[University of Notre Dame Australia]]. UNDA occupies many buildings throughout Fremantle, particularly in its historic West End. The use and refurbishment of these buildings by the university assisted in their preservation. |
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The Central Business District is also home to a major teaching hospital, [[Fremantle Hospital]]. |
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'''Secondary Schools'''<br /> |
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*[[John Curtin College of the Arts]] |
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*South Fremantle Senior High School. |
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*Christian Brothers' College. |
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*Seton Catholic College. |
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'''Primary Schools'''<br /> |
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*St Patrick's Primary School. |
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*Fremantle Primary School. |
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*Winterfold Primary School. |
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*Christ the King Primary School. |
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==Leisure and Recreation== |
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[[Image:Fremantle Fishing Boat Harbour.jpg|thumb|right|275px|Locals and tourists travel to Fremantle Harbour for [[fish and chips]].]] |
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[[Image:Fremantle fishing boat harbour.jpg|thumb|right|275px|A jetty and statues in the fishing boat harbour is inscribed, "To the fisherman"]] |
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The city is popular with diners, catering for all tastes and budgets. Italian and Asian cuisine is abundant as well as a vast variety of seafood restaurants. There are numerous cafes and coffee shops situated around Fremantle, particularly on its famous 'Cappuccino Strip' - a section of South Terrace given over to ''[[En plein air|alfresco]]'' dining since 1977.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.fremantle.wa.gov.au/main/html/about_history.cfm | title = fremantle Focus | accessdate = 2007-04-17| format = .cfm | work = Fremantle > about freo > about history| publisher = Government of Western Australia | quote = Nunzio Gumina introduced al fresco dining at Papa Luigi’s coffee shop in South Terrace, the start of development of the Cappuccino Strip.}}</ref> |
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The city has an operational fishing boat harbour which contain markets and restaurants, developed as a tourist precinct. Fishing charter boats also operate from this harbour. |
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Fremantle is a popular place for its nightlife, second only to Northbridge in Perth's CBD. It attracts people from all over the metropolitan region for its pubs, bars and nightclubs. |
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Fremantle is home to Bathers Beach, South Beach, Port Beach, Leighton Beach and Sandtrax with several of Western Australia's other beautiful beaches nearby on [[Transperth]]'s [[Fremantle railway line, Perth|Fremantle railway line]], most notably [[Cottesloe, Western Australia|Cottesloe Beach]], less than ten minutes away by rail. |
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The city has a large arts community, with a number of small art galleries and musical venues. |
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==Local Media== |
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Fremantle is served by a [[Community Newspaper Group]] paper, ''The Fremantle - Cockburn Gazette'', as well as a more independent local newspaper, "The [[Fremantle Herald]]", affectionately known as 'the chook.' ''Fremantle also has an independent local radio station Radio Fremantle 107.9FM.'' |
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==Sport== |
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In 2011 Fremantle will host the [[ISAF Sailing World Championships]]. |
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Fremantle was the host city for the [[America's Cup]] [[1987 America's Cup|yachting race]] in 1987, after Australia was the first country to ever win the race, aside from the USA, in [[1983 America's Cup|1983]]. The unsuccessful cup defence was conducted on the waters in [[Gage Roads]], off Fremantle. |
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Fremantle hosts an [[Australian Football League|AFL]] team, the [[Fremantle Football Club]] (nicknamed "the Dockers") and two teams in the state football league ([[West Australian Football League|WAFL]]), [[East Fremantle Football Club|East Fremantle]] and [[South Fremantle Football Club|South Fremantle]]. Matches are played at [[Fremantle Oval]] and [[East Fremantle Oval]]. |
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==Music== |
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Fremantle boasts a vibrant live music scene with many local performers and venues. [[Bon Scott]], the lead singer of Australian rock band AC/DC lived in Fremantle as a boy. After his death in 1980 his ashes were interred in Fremantle Cemetery. His grave site has become a cultural landmark. |
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==Suburbs== |
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[[File:Fremantle harbour gnangarra 02.jpg|thumb|Container ship leaving Fremantle harbour]] |
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* [[Beaconsfield, Western Australia|Beaconsfield]] |
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* [[Fremantle]] |
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* [[Hilton, Western Australia|Hilton]]* |
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* [[North Fremantle, Western Australia|North Fremantle]] |
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* [[O'Connor, Western Australia|O'Connor]] |
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* [[Samson, Western Australia|Samson]] |
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* [[South Fremantle, Western Australia|South Fremantle]] |
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* [[White Gum Valley, Western Australia|White Gum Valley]] |
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<small>( * indicates suburb partially located within City)</small> |
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==See also== |
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* [[Fremantle Hospital]] |
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* [[Fremantle Football Club]] |
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* [[Fremantle Prison]] |
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* [[Fremantle railway station, Perth|Fremantle railway station]] |
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==Notes== |
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{{reflist}} |
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==External links== |
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{{commonscat|Fremantle, Western Australia}} |
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* [http://www.freofocus.com/main/html/about_history.cfm Fremantle historical time-line] |
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* [http://www.westernaustralia.net/fast_facts/download/pdf/fremantle_brochure.pdf Tourist Information on Fremantle] |
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* [http://www.freofocus.com.au City of Fremantle] |
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* [http://www.fremantlefestivals.com Festivals in Fremantle] |
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* [http://www.fremantletrails.com.au Fremantle Trails] |
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* [http://www.fremantle.org.au Fremantle Tourism] |
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* [http://www.fremantlechamber.com.au Fremantle Chamber of Commerce] |
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* [http://www.fremantleports.com.au/ Fremantle Port Authority] |
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{{Local Government Areas of Perth}} |
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{{Cities of Western Australia}} |
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[[Category:Cities in Western Australia]] |
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[[Category:Fremantle|*]] |
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[[Category:Port cities in Australia]] |
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[[Category:Suburbs of Perth, Western Australia]] |
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[[Category:Indian Ocean]] |
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[[cy:Fremantle]] |
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[[ja:フリーマントル (西オーストラリア)]] |
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[[no:Fremantle, (Australia)]] |
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[[simple:Fremantle, Western Australia]] |
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[[zh:费利曼图]] |
