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Sociology of disaster or sociological disaster research^[1] is a sub-field of sociology that explores the social relations amongst both natural and human-made disasters.^[2] Its scope includes local, national, and global disasters - highlighting these as distinct events that are connected by people through created displacement, trauma, and loss. These connections, whether that is as a survivor, working in disaster management, or as a perpetrator role, is non-discrete and a complex experience that is sought to be understood through this sub-field.^[3]^[4] Interdisciplinary in nature, the field is closely linked with environmental sociology and sociocultural anthropology.

Overview

Many studies in the field of sociology of disaster focus on the link between social solidarity and the vulnerabilities exposed by disasters. Scholarship in this field has observed how such events can produce both social solidarity^[5]^[6] and social conflict,^[7]^[8] and more importantly, expose inequalities inherent in the social order by exponentially exacerbating its effects. Studies investigating the emotional impact of disaster state that the emotional responses in these contexts are inherently adaptive. These emotions, when reflected on and processed, lead to post traumatic growth, resilience, increased altruism, and engagement with community.^[9]

Early disaster research established the mainstream parameters of what it is to do such research - i.e. a focus on solidarity arising in the aftermath of disasters and that disasters are a consequence of human maladaptation to the hazardous environment.^[10]

References

^ Matthewman, Steve (2015). Disasters, risks and revelation : making sense of our times. London: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-137-29426-5. OCLC 922951332.
^ Herring, Alison (2013), "Sociology of Disaster", in Bobrowsky, Peter T. (ed.), Encyclopedia of Natural Hazards, Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series, Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, pp. 926–936, doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-4399-4_326, ISBN 978-90-481-8699-0, retrieved 2021-01-20
^ Drabek, Thomas E. (2019). The Sociology of Disaster : Fictional Explorations of Human Experiences. Milton: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-000-65170-6. OCLC 1117636158.
^ Tierney, Kathleen J. (2019). Disasters : a sociological approach. Cambridge, UK: Polity. ISBN 978-0-7456-7101-7. OCLC 1043053190.
^ Drabek, Thomas E. (1986). Human system responses to disaster : an inventory of sociological findings. New York: Springer-Verlag. ISBN 0-387-96323-5. OCLC 13859518.
^ Dynes, Russell Rowe (1969). Organized Behavior in Disaster: Analysis and Conceptualization. Disaster Research Center, Ohio State University.
^ Barry, John M. (1997). Rising tide : the great Mississippi flood of 1927 and how it changed America. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-684-81046-8. OCLC 36029662.
^ Fradkin, Philip L. (2005). The great earthquake and firestorms of 1906 : how San Francisco nearly destroyed itself. Berkeley. ISBN 0-520-23060-4. OCLC 56128573.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^ Kieft, J.; Bendell, J (2021). "The responsibility of communicating difficult truths about climate influenced societal disruption and collapse: an introduction to psychological research". Institute for Leadership and Sustainability (IFLAS) Occasional Papers. 7: 1–39.
^ Fischer, Henry W. (March 2003). "The Sociology of Disaster: Definitions, Research Questions, and Measurements. Continuation of the Discussion in a Post-September 11 Environment". International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters. 21 (1): 91–107. doi:10.1177/028072700302100104. S2CID 255732224. ProQuest 60461618.

Lars Clausen: "Social Differentiation and the Long-Term Origin of Disasters", Natural Hazards, 1992 (VI), No. 2, p. 181-190, ISSN 0921-030X
Enrico Quarantelli (ed.): What Is A Disaster? London: Routledge 1998
Fu, Albert S. (2016). "Connecting urban and environmental catastrophe: linking natural disaster, the built environment, and capitalism." Environmental Sociology, 2 (4), 365–374.
Fothergill, A., & Peek, L. A. (2004). Poverty and disasters in the United States: A review of recent sociological findings. Natural hazards, 32(1), 89-110.
Schorr, John K. (August 1987). "Some Contributions German Katastrophen-Soziologie Can Make to the Sociology of Disaster - International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters". International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters. 5 (2): 115–135. doi:10.1177/028072708700500202. S2CID 147509735. ProQuest 61052018.
Tierney, K. J. (2007). From the margins to the mainstream? Disaster research at the crossroads. Annu. Rev. Sociol., 33, 503–525.

[1] Matthewman, Steve (2015). Disasters, risks and revelation : making sense of our times. London: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-137-29426-5. OCLC 922951332.

[2] Herring, Alison (2013), "Sociology of Disaster", in Bobrowsky, Peter T. (ed.), Encyclopedia of Natural Hazards, Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series, Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, pp. 926–936, doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-4399-4_326, ISBN 978-90-481-8699-0, retrieved 2021-01-20

[3] Drabek, Thomas E. (2019). The Sociology of Disaster : Fictional Explorations of Human Experiences. Milton: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-000-65170-6. OCLC 1117636158.

[4] Tierney, Kathleen J. (2019). Disasters : a sociological approach. Cambridge, UK: Polity. ISBN 978-0-7456-7101-7. OCLC 1043053190.

[5] Drabek, Thomas E. (1986). Human system responses to disaster : an inventory of sociological findings. New York: Springer-Verlag. ISBN 0-387-96323-5. OCLC 13859518.

[6] Dynes, Russell Rowe (1969). Organized Behavior in Disaster: Analysis and Conceptualization. Disaster Research Center, Ohio State University.

[7] Barry, John M. (1997). Rising tide : the great Mississippi flood of 1927 and how it changed America. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-684-81046-8. OCLC 36029662.

[8] Fradkin, Philip L. (2005). The great earthquake and firestorms of 1906 : how San Francisco nearly destroyed itself. Berkeley. ISBN 0-520-23060-4. OCLC 56128573.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

[9] Kieft, J.; Bendell, J (2021). "The responsibility of communicating difficult truths about climate influenced societal disruption and collapse: an introduction to psychological research". Institute for Leadership and Sustainability (IFLAS) Occasional Papers. 7: 1–39.

[10] Fischer, Henry W. (March 2003). "The Sociology of Disaster: Definitions, Research Questions, and Measurements. Continuation of the Discussion in a Post-September 11 Environment". International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters. 21 (1): 91–107. doi:10.1177/028072700302100104. S2CID 255732224. ProQuest 60461618.

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 == Overview ==
-Many studies in the field of sociology of disaster focus on the link between social [[solidarity]] and the vulnerabilities exposed by disasters. Scholarship in this field has observed how such events can produce both social solidarity<ref>Barton AH. 1969. Communities in Disaster: A Sociological Analysis of Collective Stress. Garden City, NY: Doubleday</ref><ref>Drabek TE. 1986. Human System Responses to Disaster. New York: Springer-Verlag</ref><ref>Dynes RR. 1970. Organized Behavior in Disaster. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books</ref><ref>Taylor VA. 1977. Good news about disasters. Psychol. Today 5:93-94</ref> and social conflict,<ref>Barry JM. 1997. Rising Tide: The Great Mississippi Flood of 1927 and How It Changed America. New York: Simon & Schuster</ref><ref>Bolton M. 1997. Recovery for whom? Social conflict after the San Francisco earthquake and fire, 1906-1915. PhD thesis. Univ. Calif., Davis</ref><ref>Fradkin P. 2005. The Great Earthquake and Firestorms of 1906: How San Francisco Nearly Destroyed Itself. Berkeley: Univ. Calif. Press</ref><ref>Henderson AD. 2005. Reconstructing home: gender, disaster relief, and social life after the San Francisco earthquake and fire, 1906-1915. PhD thesis. Stanford Univ. Press, Stanford, CA. 278 pp.</ref><ref>Phillips B. 1998. Sheltering and housing of low-income and minority groups in Santa Cruz county after the Loma Prieta earthquake. In The Loma Prieta, California, Earthquake of October 11, 1989?Recovery, Mitigation, and Reconstruction, ed. JM Nigg, pp. D17-28. U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap. 1553D. Washington, DC: USGPO</ref> and more importantly, expose inequalities inherent in the social order by exponentially exacerbating its effects. Studies investigating the emotional impact of disaster state that the emotional responses in these contexts are inherently adaptive. These emotions, when reflected on and processed, lead to post traumatic growth, resilience, increased altruism, and engagement with community.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Kieft|first1=J.|last2=Bendell|first2=J|year=2021|title=The responsibility of communicating difficult truths about climate influenced societal disruption and collapse: an introduction to psychological research
+Many studies in the field of sociology of disaster focus on the link between social [[solidarity]] and the vulnerabilities exposed by disasters. Scholarship in this field has observed how such events can produce both social solidarity<ref>{{Cite book|last=Drabek|first=Thomas E.|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/13859518|title=Human system responses to disaster : an inventory of sociological findings|date=1986|publisher=Springer-Verlag|isbn=0-387-96323-5|location=New York|oclc=13859518}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Dynes|first=Russell Rowe|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IeT48KFQkVMC|title=Organized Behavior in Disaster: Analysis and Conceptualization|date=1969|publisher=Disaster Research Center, Ohio State University|language=en}}</ref> and social conflict,<ref>{{Cite book|last=Barry|first=John M.|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/36029662|title=Rising tide : the great Mississippi flood of 1927 and how it changed America|date=1997|publisher=Simon & Schuster|isbn=0-684-81046-8|location=New York|oclc=36029662}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Fradkin|first=Philip L.|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/56128573|title=The great earthquake and firestorms of 1906 : how San Francisco nearly destroyed itself|date=2005|isbn=0-520-23060-4|location=Berkeley|oclc=56128573}}</ref> and more importantly, expose inequalities inherent in the social order by exponentially exacerbating its effects. Studies investigating the emotional impact of disaster state that the emotional responses in these contexts are inherently adaptive. These emotions, when reflected on and processed, lead to post traumatic growth, resilience, increased altruism, and engagement with community.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Kieft|first1=J.|last2=Bendell|first2=J|year=2021|title=The responsibility of communicating difficult truths about climate influenced societal disruption and collapse: an introduction to psychological research
 |url=https://insight.cumbria.ac.uk/id/eprint/5950
 |journal=Institute for Leadership and Sustainability (IFLAS) Occasional Papers
 |volume=7|pages=1–39}}</ref>
-Early disaster research established the mainstream parameters of what it is to do such research - i.e. a focus on solidarity arising in the aftermath of disasters and that disasters are a consequence of human maladaptation to the hazardous environment.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Fischer |first1=Henry W. |title=The Sociology of Disaster: Definitions, Research Questions, and Measurements. Continuation of the Discussion in a Post-September 11 Environment |journal=International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters |volume=21 |issue=1 |date=March 2003 |pages=91–107 |id={{ProQuest|60461618}} |url=http://www.ijmed.org/articles/82/ }}</ref>
+Early disaster research established the mainstream parameters of what it is to do such research - i.e. a focus on solidarity arising in the aftermath of disasters and that disasters are a consequence of human maladaptation to the hazardous environment.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Fischer |first1=Henry W. |title=The Sociology of Disaster: Definitions, Research Questions, and Measurements. Continuation of the Discussion in a Post-September 11 Environment |journal=International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters |volume=21 |issue=1 |date=March 2003 |pages=91–107 |doi=10.1177/028072700302100104 |s2cid=255732224 |id={{ProQuest|60461618}} |url=http://www.ijmed.org/articles/82/ }}</ref>
-The research is predominantly done in the United States, Germany and Italy.
 == References ==
 <references />
-== Bibliography ==
+== Further reading ==
 * [[Lars Clausen]]: "Social Differentiation and the Long-Term Origin of Disasters", ''Natural Hazards'', 1992 (VI), No. 2, p.&nbsp;181-190, ISSN 0921-030X
 * [[Enrico Quarantelli]] (ed.): ''What Is A Disaster?'' London: Routledge 1998
-*{{cite thesis |last1=Jones |first1=Marian Moser |year=2008 |title=Confronting calamity: The American Red Cross and the politics of disaster relief, 1881–1939 |id={{ProQuest|61788464}} }}
-*{{cite journal |last1=Fischer |first1=Henry W. |title=The Sociology of Disaster: Definitions, Research Questions, and Measurements. Continuation of the Discussion in a Post-September 11 Environment |journal=International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters |volume=21 |issue=1 |date=March 2003 |pages=91–107 |id={{ProQuest|60461618}} |url=http://www.ijmed.org/articles/82/ }}
 *Fu, Albert S. (2016). "[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/23251042.2016.1220891 Connecting urban and environmental catastrophe: linking natural disaster, the built environment, and capitalism]." ''Environmental Sociology'', '''2''' (4), 365–374.
 *Fothergill, A., & Peek, L. A. (2004). [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/B:NHAZ.0000026792.76181.d9 Poverty and disasters in the United States: A review of recent sociological findings]. ''Natural hazards'', ''32''(1), 89-110.
-*{{cite journal |last1=Schorr |first1=John K. |title=Some Contributions German Katastrophen-Soziologie Can Make to the Sociology of Disaster - International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters |journal=International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters |date=August 1987 |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=115–135 |id={{ProQuest|61052018}} |url=http://www.ijmed.org/articles/302/ }}
+*{{cite journal |last1=Schorr |first1=John K. |title=Some Contributions German Katastrophen-Soziologie Can Make to the Sociology of Disaster - International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters |journal=International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters |date=August 1987 |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=115–135 |doi=10.1177/028072708700500202 |s2cid=147509735 |id={{ProQuest|61052018}} |url=http://www.ijmed.org/articles/302/ }}
 *Tierney, K. J. (2007). [https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.soc.33.040406.131743 From the margins to the mainstream? Disaster research at the crossroads]. ''Annu. Rev. Sociol.'', ''33'', 503–525.
-== External Sources ==
-*{{cite journal |last1=Burton |first1=Christopher |last2=Mitchell |first2=Jerry T. |last3=Cutter |first3=Susan L. |title=Evaluating post-Katrina recovery in Mississippi using repeat photography |journal=Disasters |date=July 2011 |volume=35 |issue=3 |pages=488–509 |doi=10.1111/j.1467-7717.2010.01227.x }}
-*{{cite journal |last1=Kammerbauer |first1=Mark |title='Schismo-urbanism': cities, natural disaster, and urban sociology |journal=Disasters |date=July 2013 |volume=37 |issue=3 |pages=401–419 |doi=10.1111/disa.12005 |pmid=23601041 }}
-*{{cite journal |last1=Rahman |first1=Md Intekhab Ur |title=Disaster and post-traumatic stress: A psychological study |journal=Indian Journal of Health & Wellbeing |year=2017 |volume=8 |issue=9 |pages=1064–1067 |id={{ProQuest|1961771304}} }}
 {{Sociology2}}
 {{Disasters}}
-[[Category:Sociology of disaster|Disaster]]
+[[Category:Subfields of sociology|Disaster]]