Dangerous and offensive trades: Difference between revisions
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'''Dangerous and offensive trades''' or '''offensive trades''', are business activities that deal with processing dead animals or that generate unpleasant smells, are subject to regulation in many jurisdictions including India and former [[British possessions]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=offensive trade Definition |url=https://www.lawinsider.com/dictionary/offensive-trade |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=Law Insider |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Offensive Trades » Shire of Serpentine Jarrahdale |url=https://www.sjshire.wa.gov.au/offensive-trades.aspx |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=www.sjshire.wa.gov.au}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Offensive Trades - Central Otago District Council |url=https://www.codc.govt.nz/services/licensing/environmental-health/offensive-trades |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=www.codc.govt.nz}}</ref> |
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==Definition== |
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The Oxford Dictionary of Public Health defines offensive trades as {{bq|text=An official designation used in some countries to describe an industry or trade that damages the health and/or economic interests of significant numbers of people in the neighborhood or environment of that industry. The term is usually applied to an industry that produces unpleasant odors, such as a tannery or rendering plant, which in many jurisdictions is subject to public health regulations dealing with abatement of nuisances.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Last |first=J.M. |title=A Dictionary of Public Health |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2006 |location=New York}}</ref>}} |
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Such offensive industries can encompass a variety of commercial activities, but mainly involve the handling of animal carcasses and hides. Their regulation is aimed at public health, addressing risks such as physical risk of injury or death, chemical risks from natural or synthetic substances used, or biological risk from pathogens and vermin.<ref>{{Cite web|date=April 2019 |title=Discussion Paper: Management of public health risks related to offensive trades in Western Australia |pages=8 |url=https://www.health.wa.gov.au/~/media/Files/Corporate/general-documents/Public-Health-Act/Regulation-review-projects/Offensive-Trades-Discussion-Paper-Final.pdf |access-date=21 September 2023}}</ref> |
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==History== |
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The regulation of offensive trades dates back at least to the [[Sanitary movement]] in the mid-1800's and the passage of the Nuisances Removal and Diseases Prevention Acts which regulated certain trades in cities in the United Kingdom as part of an effort to address the problem of cholera.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Vandenbroucke |first=J. P. |date=2013-10-01 |title=Commentary: Snow's paper on 'offensive trades'--with the benefit of 150 years of hindsight |url=https://academic.oup.com/ije/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/ije/dyt139 |journal=International Journal of Epidemiology |language=en |volume=42 |issue=5 |pages=1235–1238 |doi=10.1093/ije/dyt139 |pmid=24159071 |issn=0300-5771|doi-access=free }}</ref> |
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==Individual Countries== |
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===Barbados=== |
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In Barbados,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Health Services (Offensive Trades) Regulations, 1969 S.I. 1969/158.1978/111 |url=https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/ELECTRONIC/87111/98974/F1812137034/BRB87111.pdf |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=The Laws of Barbados}}</ref> the following are considered offensive trades: |
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*Blood or offal boiling |
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*Bone boiling or crushing |
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*Chemical or acid making |
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*Fellmongering |
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*Glue making |
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*Gut spinning |
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*Gut scraping |
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*Manure manufacturing |
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*Slaughtering |
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*Soap boiling |
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*Tallow melting |
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*Tanning |
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===India=== |
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| ⚫ | They are classified under the [[Municipalities of India]] by an Act passed by the [[Legislature of India]] requires licensing and this also serve as a source of income for the states and municipalities.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-06-20 |title=Crackdown on illegal shops in Kozhikode city |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/kozhikode/crackdown-on-illegal-shops-in-kozhikode-city/article28089806.ece |access-date=2023-09-15 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The trades practiced by the [[Trader (finance)|traders]] are called as "D & O Traders". |
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<ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-02-07 |title=Civic body to direct health inspectors to issue receipt for D&O license |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kozhikode/civic-body-to-direct-health-inspectors-to-issue-receipt-for-do-license/articleshow/57000320.cms |access-date=2023-09-15 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-12-08 |title=D&O license processing goes online: Thiruvananthapuram Corp to offer training for shopkeepers |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/do-license-processing-goes-online-thiruvananthapuram-corp-to-offer-training-for-shopkeepers/articleshow/67002078.cms |access-date=2023-09-15 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=offensive trade |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100246408 |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=Oxford Reference |language=en }}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=offensive trade |date=2007-01-01 |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780195160901.001.0001/acref-9780195160901-e-3190 |work=A Dictionary of Public Health |editor-last=Last |editor-first=John M. |access-date=2023-09-15 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en |doi=10.1093/acref/9780195160901.001.0001 |isbn=978-0-19-516090-1}}</ref> |
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==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Dangerous and Offensive Trades}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dangerous and Offensive Trades}} |
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Latest revision as of 11:03, 19 November 2023
Dangerous and offensive trades or offensive trades, are business activities that deal with processing dead animals or that generate unpleasant smells, are subject to regulation in many jurisdictions including India and former British possessions.[1][2][3]
Definition
[edit]The Oxford Dictionary of Public Health defines offensive trades as
An official designation used in some countries to describe an industry or trade that damages the health and/or economic interests of significant numbers of people in the neighborhood or environment of that industry. The term is usually applied to an industry that produces unpleasant odors, such as a tannery or rendering plant, which in many jurisdictions is subject to public health regulations dealing with abatement of nuisances.[4]
Such offensive industries can encompass a variety of commercial activities, but mainly involve the handling of animal carcasses and hides. Their regulation is aimed at public health, addressing risks such as physical risk of injury or death, chemical risks from natural or synthetic substances used, or biological risk from pathogens and vermin.[5]
History
[edit]The regulation of offensive trades dates back at least to the Sanitary movement in the mid-1800's and the passage of the Nuisances Removal and Diseases Prevention Acts which regulated certain trades in cities in the United Kingdom as part of an effort to address the problem of cholera.[6]
Individual Countries
[edit]Barbados
[edit]In Barbados,[7] the following are considered offensive trades:
- Blood or offal boiling
- Bone boiling or crushing
- Chemical or acid making
- Fellmongering
- Glue making
- Gut spinning
- Gut scraping
- Manure manufacturing
- Slaughtering
- Soap boiling
- Tallow melting
- Tanning
India
[edit]They are classified under the Municipalities of India by an Act passed by the Legislature of India requires licensing and this also serve as a source of income for the states and municipalities.[8] The trades practiced by the traders are called as "D & O Traders". [9][10][11][12]
References
[edit]- ^ "offensive trade Definition". Law Insider. Retrieved 15 September 2023.
- ^ "Offensive Trades » Shire of Serpentine Jarrahdale". www.sjshire.wa.gov.au. Retrieved 15 September 2023.
- ^ "Offensive Trades - Central Otago District Council". www.codc.govt.nz. Retrieved 15 September 2023.
- ^ Last, J.M. (2006). A Dictionary of Public Health. New York: Oxford University Press.
- ^ "Discussion Paper: Management of public health risks related to offensive trades in Western Australia" (PDF). April 2019. p. 8. Retrieved 21 September 2023.
- ^ Vandenbroucke, J. P. (1 October 2013). "Commentary: Snow's paper on 'offensive trades'--with the benefit of 150 years of hindsight". International Journal of Epidemiology. 42 (5): 1235–1238. doi:10.1093/ije/dyt139. ISSN 0300-5771. PMID 24159071.
- ^ "Health Services (Offensive Trades) Regulations, 1969 S.I. 1969/158.1978/111" (PDF). The Laws of Barbados. Retrieved 15 September 2023.
- ^ "Crackdown on illegal shops in Kozhikode city". The Hindu. 20 June 2019. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 15 September 2023.
- ^ "Civic body to direct health inspectors to issue receipt for D&O license". The Times of India. 7 February 2017. ISSN 0971-8257. Retrieved 15 September 2023.
- ^ "D&O license processing goes online: Thiruvananthapuram Corp to offer training for shopkeepers". The Times of India. 8 December 2018. ISSN 0971-8257. Retrieved 15 September 2023.
- ^ "offensive trade". Oxford Reference. Retrieved 15 September 2023.
- ^ Last, John M., ed. (1 January 2007), "offensive trade", A Dictionary of Public Health, Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/acref/9780195160901.001.0001, ISBN 978-0-19-516090-1, retrieved 15 September 2023
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