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With all the edit-warring this page has seen already, this note is long overdue!
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It have good sources. You mustn't eliminate it
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| membership_year = 2023
| membership_year = 2023
| membership = {{increase}} 6,300<ref name="membership">{{Cite web|url=https://www.dn.pt/edicao-do-dia/18-fev-2023/psd-esta-sem-visao-reformista-e-sem-urgencia-de-transformar-o-pais-15858295.html|title=PSD está sem "visão reformista" e sem "urgência de transformar o país"|website=www.dn.pt}}</ref>
| membership = {{increase}} 6,300<ref name="membership">{{Cite web|url=https://www.dn.pt/edicao-do-dia/18-fev-2023/psd-esta-sem-visao-reformista-e-sem-urgencia-de-transformar-o-pais-15858295.html|title=PSD está sem "visão reformista" e sem "urgência de transformar o país"|website=www.dn.pt}}</ref>
| ideology = <!-- It is important to seek and gain broad consensus on the article talk page before changing this -->[[Liberalism]]<br />[[Social liberalism]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vasconcelos e Sousa |first=João |date=22 January 2023 |title=Sociais-liberais contra conservadores: há "luta de classes" na IL? |url=https://www.jn.pt/nacional/sociais-liberais-contra-conservadores-ha-luta-de-classes-na-il-15702338.html/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230126054658/https://www.jn.pt/nacional/sociais-liberais-contra-conservadores-ha-luta-de-classes-na-il-15702338.html |archive-date=2023-01-26 |access-date=2024-02-29 |website=Jornal de Notícias |language=pt}}</ref><br/>[[Neoliberalism]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dinis |first=Rita |date=9 September 2023 |title=Sociais-liberais contra conservadores: há "luta de classes" na IL? |url=https://www.jn.pt/nacional/sociais-liberais-contra-conservadores-ha-luta-de-classes-na-il-15702338.html/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://expresso.pt/politica/2023-09-09-O-neoliberalismo-tomou-conta-do-maior-partido-da-oposicao-acusa-secretario-geral-adjunto-do-PS-cf28b48f |archive-date=2024-03-11 |access-date=2024-03-11 |website=Expresso |language=pt}}</ref><br />[[Right-libertarianism]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pereira da Silva |first=Nuno |date=2 August 2023 |title=Sociais-liberais contra conservadores: há "luta de classes" na IL? |url=https://www.jn.pt/nacional/sociais-liberais-contra-conservadores-ha-luta-de-classes-na-il-15702338.html/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ericeiraonline.pt/o-libertarianismo-do-novo-partido-iniciativa-liberal/ |archive-date=2024-03-11 |access-date=2024-03-11 |website=Ericeira Online |language=pt}}</ref>
| ideology = [[Liberalism]]<br/>[[Neoliberalism]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dinis |first=Rita |date=9 September 2023 |title=Sociais-liberais contra conservadores: há "luta de classes" na IL? |url=https://www.jn.pt/nacional/sociais-liberais-contra-conservadores-ha-luta-de-classes-na-il-15702338.html/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://expresso.pt/politica/2023-09-09-O-neoliberalismo-tomou-conta-do-maior-partido-da-oposicao-acusa-secretario-geral-adjunto-do-PS-cf28b48f |archive-date=2024-03-11 |access-date=2024-03-11 |website=Expresso |language=pt}}</ref><br />[[Right-libertarianism]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pereira da Silva |first=Nuno |date=2 August 2023 |title=Sociais-liberais contra conservadores: há "luta de classes" na IL? |url=https://www.jn.pt/nacional/sociais-liberais-contra-conservadores-ha-luta-de-classes-na-il-15702338.html/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ericeiraonline.pt/o-libertarianismo-do-novo-partido-iniciativa-liberal/ |archive-date=2024-03-11 |access-date=2024-03-11 |website=Ericeira Online |language=pt}}</ref><br>[[Market fundamentalism]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Rise of Portugal’s Far Right Is a Wake-Up Call |url=https://jacobin.com/2022/02/portugal-election-chega-far-right-andre-ventura |access-date=2024-05-26 |website=jacobin.com |language=en-US}}</ref>
| colours = {{color box|{{party color|Liberal Initiative}}|border=darkgray}} [[Sky Blue]]
| colours = {{color box|{{party color|Liberal Initiative}}|border=darkgray}} [[Sky Blue]]
| seats1_title = [[Assembly of the Republic (Portugal)|Assembly of the Republic]]
| seats1_title = [[Assembly of the Republic (Portugal)|Assembly of the Republic]]
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| seats5_title = [[Freguesia|Local government<br />(Parishes)]]
| seats5_title = [[Freguesia|Local government<br />(Parishes)]]
| seats5 = {{composition bar|0|3091|hex={{party color|Liberal Initiative}}}}
| seats5 = {{composition bar|0|3091|hex={{party color|Liberal Initiative}}}}
| position = <!-- It is important to seek and gain broad consensus on the article talk page before changing this -->{{nowrap|[[Centre-right]]}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://observador.pt/2021/12/12/iniciativa-liberal-e-um-partido-de-esquerda-ou-direita-o-que-respondem-os-militantes-da-il/|title= Iniciativa Liberal é um partido de esquerda ou direita? O que respondem os membros da IL|date= 12 December 2021|website= [[Observador]]|language=pt}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://oglobo.globo.com/mundo/portugal-tera-parlamento-mais-plural-com-estreia-da-extrema-direita-24002577|title= Portugal terá Parlamento mais plural e com estreia da extrema direita|date= 7 October 2019|website= [[O Globo]]|language=pt}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cnnportugal.iol.pt/iniciativa-liberal/cds-pp/a-direita-tradicional-e-liberal-discordam-em-tudo-menos-numa-coisa-o-chega/20220105/61d5e89b0cf21847f0a340a2|title= O debate em que a Iniciativa Liberal pisca à esquerda e à direita como Ruth Marlene e o CDS "cancela um grupo parlamentar inteiro"|date= 5 January 2022|website= [[CNN Portugal]]|language=pt}}</ref> to [[right-wing]]<ref name="Lisi2021"/>
| position = {{nowrap|[[Centre-right]]}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://observador.pt/2021/12/12/iniciativa-liberal-e-um-partido-de-esquerda-ou-direita-o-que-respondem-os-militantes-da-il/|title= Iniciativa Liberal é um partido de esquerda ou direita? O que respondem os membros da IL|date= 12 December 2021|website= [[Observador]]|language=pt}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://oglobo.globo.com/mundo/portugal-tera-parlamento-mais-plural-com-estreia-da-extrema-direita-24002577|title= Portugal terá Parlamento mais plural e com estreia da extrema direita|date= 7 October 2019|website= [[O Globo]]|language=pt}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cnnportugal.iol.pt/iniciativa-liberal/cds-pp/a-direita-tradicional-e-liberal-discordam-em-tudo-menos-numa-coisa-o-chega/20220105/61d5e89b0cf21847f0a340a2|title= O debate em que a Iniciativa Liberal pisca à esquerda e à direita como Ruth Marlene e o CDS "cancela um grupo parlamentar inteiro"|date= 5 January 2022|website= [[CNN Portugal]]|language=pt}}</ref> to [[far-right]]<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Couraceiro |first=Paulo |last2=Paisana |first2=Miguel |last3=Pais |first3=Pedro Caldeira |last4=Cardoso |first4=Gustavo |last5=Baldi |first5=Vania |date=2019 |title=Fake News em ano eleitoral. Portugal em linha com a UE |url=https://ciencia.iscte-iul.pt/publications/fake-news-em-ano-eleitoral-portugal-em-linha-com-a-ue/63194 |journal=[[ISCTE]] |language=pt |doi=10.13140/RG.2.2.35819.28965}}</ref><ref name="Lisi2021"/>
| european = [[Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party|Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aldeparty.eu/alde_member_parties|title=ALDE Member Parties|website=ALDE Party}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aldeparty.eu/meet_our_leaders_joao_cotrim_figueiredo|title=Meet our leaders: João Cotrim Figueiredo (Iniciativa Liberal, Portugal)|website=ALDE Party}}</ref>
| european = [[Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party|Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aldeparty.eu/alde_member_parties|title=ALDE Member Parties|website=ALDE Party}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aldeparty.eu/meet_our_leaders_joao_cotrim_figueiredo|title=Meet our leaders: João Cotrim Figueiredo (Iniciativa Liberal, Portugal)|website=ALDE Party}}</ref>
| symbol = [[File:Iniciativa Liberal (Símbolo Eleitoral).png|13px]]
| symbol = [[File:Iniciativa Liberal (Símbolo Eleitoral).png|13px]]
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}}
}}


The '''Liberal Initiative''', often simply '''IL''' ({{lang-pt|Iniciativa Liberal}}, {{IPA-pt|inisjɐˈtivɐ liβɨˈɾal|pron}}) is a liberal [[list of political parties in Portugal|political party in Portugal]]. Founded in 2017, it is currently led by [[Rui Rocha]]. The party sits on the centre-right of the political spectrum and has been described as being on the political right by academics and journalists.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Giorgi |first1=Elisabetta De |last2=Santana-Pereira |first2=José |title=The Exceptional Case of Post-Bailout Portugal |date=2021 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-000-46262-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CLs8EAAAQBAJ |language=en |quote="(...) due to both the rise of two new right-wing parties, the liberal IL (Iniciativa Liberal – Liberal Initiative) (...)"}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first1=Catarina Santos |last1=Botelho |first2=Ana Teresa |last2= Ribeiro |chapter=Portugal |chapter-url=https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3742104 |editor-last1=Albert |editor-first1=Richard |editor-last2=Landau |editor-first2=David E. |editor-last3=Faraguna |editor-first3=Pietro |editor-last4=Drugda |editor-first4=Simon |title=I-CONnect-Clough Center 2019 Global Review of Constitutional Law: Country Reports |date=2020 |publisher=Clough Center for the Study of Constitutional Democracy |ssrn=3742104 |isbn=978-1-7343197-1-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YyAfzgEACAAJ |language=en |quote="(...) two new right-wing parties (the radical right 'CHEGA' and the liberals 'Iniciativa Liberal') entered the Portuguese parliament (...)"}}</ref><ref>{{harvc |last1=Jalali |first1=Carlos |last2=Moniz |first2=Joāo |last3=Silva |first3=Patrícia |year=2021 |c=In the Shadow of the 'Government of the Left': The 2019 Legislative Elections in Portugal |pp=229-255 |in1=Giorgi |in2=Santana-Pereira}} "The third noteworthy party on the right was IL (Iniciativa Liberal – Liberal Initiative) (...)"</ref>
The '''Liberal Initiative''', often simply '''IL''' ({{lang-pt|Iniciativa Liberal}}, {{IPA-pt|inisjɐˈtivɐ liβɨˈɾal|pron}}) is a liberal [[list of political parties in Portugal|political party in Portugal]]. Founded in 2017, it is currently led by [[Rui Rocha]]. The party has been described as being on the political right by academics and journalists.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Giorgi |first1=Elisabetta De |last2=Santana-Pereira |first2=José |title=The Exceptional Case of Post-Bailout Portugal |date=2021 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-000-46262-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CLs8EAAAQBAJ |language=en |quote="(...) due to both the rise of two new right-wing parties, the liberal IL (Iniciativa Liberal – Liberal Initiative) (...)"}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first1=Catarina Santos |last1=Botelho |first2=Ana Teresa |last2= Ribeiro |chapter=Portugal |chapter-url=https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3742104 |editor-last1=Albert |editor-first1=Richard |editor-last2=Landau |editor-first2=David E. |editor-last3=Faraguna |editor-first3=Pietro |editor-last4=Drugda |editor-first4=Simon |title=I-CONnect-Clough Center 2019 Global Review of Constitutional Law: Country Reports |date=2020 |publisher=Clough Center for the Study of Constitutional Democracy |ssrn=3742104 |isbn=978-1-7343197-1-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YyAfzgEACAAJ |language=en |quote="(...) two new right-wing parties (the radical right 'CHEGA' and the liberals 'Iniciativa Liberal') entered the Portuguese parliament (...)"}}</ref><ref>{{harvc |last1=Jalali |first1=Carlos |last2=Moniz |first2=Joāo |last3=Silva |first3=Patrícia |year=2021 |c=In the Shadow of the 'Government of the Left': The 2019 Legislative Elections in Portugal |pp=229-255 |in1=Giorgi |in2=Santana-Pereira}} "The third noteworthy party on the right was IL (Iniciativa Liberal – Liberal Initiative) (...)"</ref>


It has 8 elected [[members of the parliament]] out of a total of 230 seats in the [[Portuguese Parliament]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sobre os grupos parlamentares |url=https://www.parlamento.pt:443/DeputadoGP/Paginas/GruposParlamentares_sobre.aspx |access-date=2023-06-13 |website=www.parlamento.pt |language=pt-PT}}</ref>
It has 8 elected [[members of the parliament]] out of a total of 230 seats in the [[Portuguese Parliament]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sobre os grupos parlamentares |url=https://www.parlamento.pt:443/DeputadoGP/Paginas/GruposParlamentares_sobre.aspx |access-date=2023-06-13 |website=www.parlamento.pt |language=pt-PT}}</ref>
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{{liberalism sidebar}}
{{liberalism sidebar}}
The party has been described as liberal,<ref name="Marchi2022"/><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022|title=Portugal|url=http://www.parties-and-elections.eu/portugal.html|access-date=2022-02-03|website=www.parties-and-elections.eu}}</ref> [[neoliberalism|neoliberal]],<ref name="Giorgi2024">{{cite book|editor1=Alberta Giorgi|editor2=Júlia Garraio|editor3=Teresa Toldy|chapter=Glossary|title=Religion, Gender, and Populism in the Mediterranean|publisher=Taylor & Francis|year=2024|isbn=9781000987515|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qvnZEAAAQBAJ&pg=RA1-PT136|page=136}}</ref> [[liberal right]],<ref name="MCL2023">{{cite book|author=Marina Costa Lobo|
The party has been described as liberal,<ref name="Marchi2022"/><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022|title=Portugal|url=http://www.parties-and-elections.eu/portugal.html|access-date=2022-02-03|website=www.parties-and-elections.eu}}</ref> [[neoliberalism|neoliberal]],<ref name="Giorgi2024">{{cite book|editor1=Alberta Giorgi|editor2=Júlia Garraio|editor3=Teresa Toldy|chapter=Glossary|title=Religion, Gender, and Populism in the Mediterranean|publisher=Taylor & Francis|year=2024|isbn=9781000987515|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qvnZEAAAQBAJ&pg=RA1-PT136|page=136}}</ref> [[liberal right]],<ref name="MCL2023">{{cite book|author=Marina Costa Lobo|
chapter=Portugal: EU Issue Voting in Mainstream and Challenger Parties|editor=Marina Costa Lobo|title=The Impact of EU Politicisation on Voting Behaviour in Europe|publisher=Springer Nature|year=2023|isbn= 9783031291876|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jnC9EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA281|page=281}}</ref> [[classical liberalism|classical-liberal]],<ref name=":2">{{cite web|url=https://proa.ua.pt/index.php/jdmi/article/view/3822/2892|title=A Construção da Identidade dos Novos Partidos em Páginas Oficiais do Facebook|date=2019|editor1=Jorge Martins Rosa|editor2=Daniel Cardoso}}</ref>{{Failed verification|date=January 2024}} and [[libertarianism|libertarian]].<ref name="Marchi2022"/><ref name="Lisi2021">{{cite book|author1=Marco Lisi|author2=Edalina Rodrigues Sanches|author3=Jayane dos Santos Maia|chapter=Party System Renewal or Business as Usual? Continuity and Change in Post Post-Bailout Portugal|editor1=Elisabetta De Giorgi|editor2=José Santana-Pereira|title=The Exceptional Case of Post-Bailout Portugal|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jQxIEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA53|date=2021|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-000-46262-3|page=53}}</ref><ref name="FernandesWon2021">{{cite book|editor1=Hanna Back|editor2=Marc Debus|editor3=Jorge M. Fernandes|title=The Politics of Legislative Debates|author1=Jorge M. Fernandes|author2=Miguel Won|chapter=Portugal: debating in a party-centred legislature|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Oi5CEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA677|year=2021|publisher= Oxford University Press|isbn= 978-0-19-884906-3|page=677}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=30 January 2022|title=Portugal votes in close-fought election|url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20220130-portugal-votes-in-close-fought-election|access-date=2022-02-03|website=France 24|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Jones|first=Sam|date=30 January 2022|title=Portugal's ruling Socialist party on course to win snap general election|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jan/30/portugal-far-right-poised-to-play-key-role-after-snap-election|access-date=2022-02-03|website=The Guardian|language=en}}</ref> It has been described as centre-right<ref name="CentreRight12">{{cite news|date=31 August 2019|title=PS mais absoluto, PSD em queda livre. Aliança e Iniciativa Liberal podem eleger|newspaper=[[TSF (radio station)|TSF]]|url=https://www.tsf.pt/portugal/politica/ps-mais-absoluto-psd-em-queda-livre-alianca-e-iniciativa-liberal-podem-eleger-11252330.html}}</ref><ref name="CentreRight22">{{cite news|date=7 August 2019|title=Voltou a guerra dos cartazes. PS diz "cumprimos", Iniciativa Liberal satiriza "com primos"|newspaper=[[Renascença]]|url=https://rr.sapo.pt/2019/08/07/legislativas-2019/voltou-a-guerra-dos-cartazes-ps-diz-cumprimos-iniciativa-liberal-satiriza-com-primos/noticia/amp/160469/}}</ref> and right-wing,<ref name="Novais2023">{{cite book|author=Rui Alexandre Novais|chapter=A Game of Masks: The Communicative Performance of the Portuguese Populist Far-Right|editor1=Luísa Magalhães|editor2=Cândido Oliveira Martins|title=Masks and Human Connections: Disruptive Meanings and Cultural Challenges|publisher=Springer Nature|year=2023|isbn= 9783031166730|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9RGrEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA88|page=88}}</ref><ref name="FernandesWon2021"/><ref name="Carvalho2022">{{cite book|author=João Carvalho|chapter=Portugal: From Exception to the Epicentre|editor=Kennet Lynggaard|editor2=Mads Dagnis Jensen|editor3=Michael Kluth|title=Governments' Responses to the Covid-19 Pandemic in Europe: Navigating the Perfect Storm|publisher=Springer Nature|year=2022|isbn=9783031141454|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JHKfEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA69|page=69}}</ref><ref name="BorghettoLisi2020">{{cite book|editor1=Marco Lisi|editor2=André Freire|editor3= Emmanouil Tsatsanis|author1=Enrico Borghetto|author2=Marco Lisi|chapter=Legislative activities before and after the Great Recession|title=Political Representation and Citizenship in Portugal: From Crisis to Renewal|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_9LoDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA197|year=2020|publisher=Lexington|isbn= 978-1-7936-0116-2|page=197}}</ref><ref name="Right1">{{cite SSRN |date=7 February 2021 |author1=Catarina Santos Botelho |author2=Ana Teresa Ribeiro |title=Portugal – The 2019 I·CONnect-Clough Center Global Review of Constitutional Law |ssrn=3742104}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|date=3 February 2021|title=The Exceptional Case of Post-Bailout Portugal: A Comparative Outlook|journal=South European Society and Politics|volume=25|issue=2|pages=127–150|doi=10.1080/13608746.2021.1872152|s2cid=231955442|editor=Elisabetta De Giorgi|doi-access=free}}</ref> with its policy base described as combining economic liberalism with more [[Progressivism|progressive]] stances on cultural issues.<ref name="BorghettoLisi2020"/><ref name="Jalali">{{Cite book|last1=Jalali|first1=Carlos|title=Portugal Report|last2=Bruneau|first2=Thomas|last3=Colino|first3=Cesar|publisher=Sustainable Governance Indicators|year=2020|page=7}}</ref>
chapter=Portugal: EU Issue Voting in Mainstream and Challenger Parties|editor=Marina Costa Lobo|title=The Impact of EU Politicisation on Voting Behaviour in Europe|publisher=Springer Nature|year=2023|isbn= 9783031291876|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jnC9EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA281|page=281}}</ref> [[classical liberalism|classical-liberal]],<ref name=":2">{{cite web|url=https://proa.ua.pt/index.php/jdmi/article/view/3822/2892|title=A Construção da Identidade dos Novos Partidos em Páginas Oficiais do Facebook|date=2019|editor1=Jorge Martins Rosa|editor2=Daniel Cardoso}}</ref>{{Failed verification|date=January 2024}} [[libertarianism|libertarian]],<ref name="Marchi2022"/><ref name="Lisi2021">{{cite book|author1=Marco Lisi|author2=Edalina Rodrigues Sanches|author3=Jayane dos Santos Maia|chapter=Party System Renewal or Business as Usual? Continuity and Change in Post Post-Bailout Portugal|editor1=Elisabetta De Giorgi|editor2=José Santana-Pereira|title=The Exceptional Case of Post-Bailout Portugal|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jQxIEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA53|date=2021|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-000-46262-3|page=53}}</ref><ref name="FernandesWon2021">{{cite book|editor1=Hanna Back|editor2=Marc Debus|editor3=Jorge M. Fernandes|title=The Politics of Legislative Debates|author1=Jorge M. Fernandes|author2=Miguel Won|chapter=Portugal: debating in a party-centred legislature|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Oi5CEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA677|year=2021|publisher= Oxford University Press|isbn= 978-0-19-884906-3|page=677}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=30 January 2022|title=Portugal votes in close-fought election|url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20220130-portugal-votes-in-close-fought-election|access-date=2022-02-03|website=France 24|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Jones|first=Sam|date=30 January 2022|title=Portugal's ruling Socialist party on course to win snap general election|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jan/30/portugal-far-right-poised-to-play-key-role-after-snap-election|access-date=2022-02-03|website=The Guardian|language=en}}</ref> and [[Social liberalism|social liberal]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vasconcelos e Sousa |first=João |date=22 January 2023 |title=Sociais-liberais contra conservadores: há "luta de classes" na IL? |url=https://www.jn.pt/nacional/sociais-liberais-contra-conservadores-ha-luta-de-classes-na-il-15702338.html/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230126054658/https://www.jn.pt/nacional/sociais-liberais-contra-conservadores-ha-luta-de-classes-na-il-15702338.html |archive-date=2023-01-26 |access-date=2024-02-29 |website=Jornal de Notícias |language=pt}}</ref> It has been described as centre-right,<ref name="CentreRight12">{{cite news|date=31 August 2019|title=PS mais absoluto, PSD em queda livre. Aliança e Iniciativa Liberal podem eleger|newspaper=[[TSF (radio station)|TSF]]|url=https://www.tsf.pt/portugal/politica/ps-mais-absoluto-psd-em-queda-livre-alianca-e-iniciativa-liberal-podem-eleger-11252330.html}}</ref><ref name="CentreRight22">{{cite news|date=7 August 2019|title=Voltou a guerra dos cartazes. PS diz "cumprimos", Iniciativa Liberal satiriza "com primos"|newspaper=[[Renascença]]|url=https://rr.sapo.pt/2019/08/07/legislativas-2019/voltou-a-guerra-dos-cartazes-ps-diz-cumprimos-iniciativa-liberal-satiriza-com-primos/noticia/amp/160469/}}</ref> right-wing,<ref name="Novais2023">{{cite book|author=Rui Alexandre Novais|chapter=A Game of Masks: The Communicative Performance of the Portuguese Populist Far-Right|editor1=Luísa Magalhães|editor2=Cândido Oliveira Martins|title=Masks and Human Connections: Disruptive Meanings and Cultural Challenges|publisher=Springer Nature|year=2023|isbn= 9783031166730|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9RGrEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA88|page=88}}</ref><ref name="FernandesWon2021"/><ref name="Carvalho2022">{{cite book|author=João Carvalho|chapter=Portugal: From Exception to the Epicentre|editor=Kennet Lynggaard|editor2=Mads Dagnis Jensen|editor3=Michael Kluth|title=Governments' Responses to the Covid-19 Pandemic in Europe: Navigating the Perfect Storm|publisher=Springer Nature|year=2022|isbn=9783031141454|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JHKfEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA69|page=69}}</ref><ref name="BorghettoLisi2020">{{cite book|editor1=Marco Lisi|editor2=André Freire|editor3= Emmanouil Tsatsanis|author1=Enrico Borghetto|author2=Marco Lisi|chapter=Legislative activities before and after the Great Recession|title=Political Representation and Citizenship in Portugal: From Crisis to Renewal|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_9LoDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA197|year=2020|publisher=Lexington|isbn= 978-1-7936-0116-2|page=197}}</ref><ref name="Right1">{{cite SSRN |date=7 February 2021 |author1=Catarina Santos Botelho |author2=Ana Teresa Ribeiro |title=Portugal – The 2019 I·CONnect-Clough Center Global Review of Constitutional Law |ssrn=3742104}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|date=3 February 2021|title=The Exceptional Case of Post-Bailout Portugal: A Comparative Outlook|journal=South European Society and Politics|volume=25|issue=2|pages=127–150|doi=10.1080/13608746.2021.1872152|s2cid=231955442|editor=Elisabetta De Giorgi|doi-access=free}}</ref> and far-right<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Couraceiro |first=Paulo |last2=Paisana |first2=Miguel |last3=Pais |first3=Pedro Caldeira |last4=Cardoso |first4=Gustavo |last5=Baldi |first5=Vania |date=2019 |title=Fake News em ano eleitoral. Portugal em linha com a UE |url=https://ciencia.iscte-iul.pt/publications/fake-news-em-ano-eleitoral-portugal-em-linha-com-a-ue/63194 |journal=[[ISCTE]] |language=pt |doi=10.13140/RG.2.2.35819.28965}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Prior |first=Hélder |date=2022 |title=#EleccionesPortuguesas22: del «mapa rosado» al crecimiento del populismo de ultraderecha |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=8421857 |journal=Más poder local |language=es |issue=48 |pages=183–189 |issn=2172-0223}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kourliandsky |first=Jean-Jacques |date=2022-03-15 |title=Eleições legislativas em Portugal: que sentido atribuir à vitória do PS? |url=https://www.observatoriodaimprensa.com.br/politica-internacional/eleicoes-legislativas-em-portugal-que-sentido-atribuir-a-vitoria-do-ps/ |access-date=2024-05-28 |website=[[Observatório da Imprensa]] |language=pt-br}}</ref> with its policy base described as combining economic liberalism with more [[Progressivism|progressive]] stances on cultural issues.<ref name="BorghettoLisi2020"/><ref name="Jalali">{{Cite book|last1=Jalali|first1=Carlos|title=Portugal Report|last2=Bruneau|first2=Thomas|last3=Colino|first3=Cesar|publisher=Sustainable Governance Indicators|year=2020|page=7}}</ref>


According to its own official statements about this topic, the Liberal Initiative was founded with the [[Oxford Manifesto]] in mind and believes in individual [[freedom]], by which all individuals have fundamental rights, including the possibility of having a life of their own, owning property or choosing how they want to live in their community, closely following the principles of [[classical liberalism]].<ref name=":2"/> The party's conception of freedom encompasses both the economic and social spheres as well as the political and [[Individualism|individual]] spheres,<ref>Porto Editora – Iniciativa Liberal (partido político) na Infopédia [em linha]. Porto: Porto Editora. [consult. 25 September 2023 09:36:48]. Disponível em https://www.infopedia.pt/$iniciativa-liberal-(partido-politico)</ref> and believes that if any of them are restricted, freedom ceases to exist.<ref name="Sampaio">{{Cite web |last=Sampaio |first=Gustavo |date=22 July 2017 |title="Os liberais não querem destruir o Estado, querem um Estado forte e eficiente para atuar quando deve atuar" |url=https://jornaleconomico.pt/noticias/os-liberais-nao-querem-destruir-o-estado-querem-um-estado-forte-e-eficiente-para-atuar-quando-deve-atuar-185558/ |access-date=2023-09-25 |website=O Jornal Económico - Notícias, Economia, Política, Empresas, Mercados e Opinião |language=pt-PT}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=28 September 2022 |title=Há três ou quatro anos? "Quase que era um crime falar de liberalismo" |url=https://www.noticiasaominuto.com/politica/2081301/ha-tres-ou-quatro-anos-quase-que-era-um-crime-falar-de-liberalismo |access-date=2023-09-25 |website=Notícias ao Minuto |language=pt}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Torres |first=Francisco Pimentel |date=26 September 2019 |title=Liberalismo e liberdade individual e igualdade perante a lei |url=https://vilanovaonline.pt/2019/09/26/liberalismo-e-liberdade-individual-e-igualdade-perante-a-lei/ |access-date=2023-09-16 |website=VILA NOVA |language=pt-PT}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Pinto |first=Sónia |date=22 December 2022 |title='A Iniciativa Liberal vai chegar ao Governo' |url=https://sol.sapo.pt/2022/12/11/a-iniciativa-liberal-vai-chegar-ao-governo/ |access-date=25 September 2023 |website=SOL}}</ref> The party's political ideas are based on the idea of freedom as the greatest engine of human development, social harmony and economic prosperity.<ref name="Sampaio"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dinheirovivo.pt/economia/iniciativa-liberal-livre-e-chega-o-que-defendem-os-novos-partidos-12773949.html|title=Iniciativa Liberal, Livre e Chega. O que defendem os novos partidos?|date=7 October 2019|website=Dinheiro Vivo}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://expresso.pt/legislativas-2019/2019-10-07-Iniciativa-Liberal.-Eles-querem-ser-os-rebeldes-responsaveis-do-Parlamento|title=Iniciativa Liberal. Eles querem ser os "rebeldes responsáveis" do Parlamento|website=Jornal Expresso}}</ref><ref name="Portugal com rumo liberal"/> The party's leaders and founders have ascertained that they envisage Portugal as a country that will model itself on [[Healthcare in Germany|Germany's multi-payer health care system]]&nbsp;– which is paid for by a combination of public health insurance and private health insurance&nbsp;– on [[Ireland as a tax haven|Ireland's corporate tax policy]] and on Estonia's fiscal, educational, and [[E-government in Europe#Estonia|public administration systems]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://liberalmayan.pt/2021/01/tiago-mayan-debate-com-andre-ventura/|title=Tiago Mayan debate com André Ventura|website=Mayan 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://observador.pt/2019/02/15/iniciativa-liberal-quer-ex-primeiro-ministro-da-estonia-a-pensar-a-reforma-do-estado-portugues/|title=Iniciativa Liberal quer ex-Primeiro-Ministro da Estónia a pensar a reforma do estado português|first=Miguel Viterbo|last=Dias|website=Observador}}</ref> following classical liberal economic policies.
According to its own official statements about this topic, the Liberal Initiative was founded with the [[Oxford Manifesto]] in mind and believes in individual [[freedom]], by which all individuals have fundamental rights, including the possibility of having a life of their own, owning property or choosing how they want to live in their community, closely following the principles of [[classical liberalism]].<ref name=":2"/> The party's conception of freedom encompasses both the economic and social spheres as well as the political and [[Individualism|individual]] spheres,<ref>Porto Editora – Iniciativa Liberal (partido político) na Infopédia [em linha]. Porto: Porto Editora. [consult. 25 September 2023 09:36:48]. Disponível em https://www.infopedia.pt/$iniciativa-liberal-(partido-politico)</ref> and believes that if any of them are restricted, freedom ceases to exist.<ref name="Sampaio">{{Cite web |last=Sampaio |first=Gustavo |date=22 July 2017 |title="Os liberais não querem destruir o Estado, querem um Estado forte e eficiente para atuar quando deve atuar" |url=https://jornaleconomico.pt/noticias/os-liberais-nao-querem-destruir-o-estado-querem-um-estado-forte-e-eficiente-para-atuar-quando-deve-atuar-185558/ |access-date=2023-09-25 |website=O Jornal Económico - Notícias, Economia, Política, Empresas, Mercados e Opinião |language=pt-PT}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=28 September 2022 |title=Há três ou quatro anos? "Quase que era um crime falar de liberalismo" |url=https://www.noticiasaominuto.com/politica/2081301/ha-tres-ou-quatro-anos-quase-que-era-um-crime-falar-de-liberalismo |access-date=2023-09-25 |website=Notícias ao Minuto |language=pt}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Torres |first=Francisco Pimentel |date=26 September 2019 |title=Liberalismo e liberdade individual e igualdade perante a lei |url=https://vilanovaonline.pt/2019/09/26/liberalismo-e-liberdade-individual-e-igualdade-perante-a-lei/ |access-date=2023-09-16 |website=VILA NOVA |language=pt-PT}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Pinto |first=Sónia |date=22 December 2022 |title='A Iniciativa Liberal vai chegar ao Governo' |url=https://sol.sapo.pt/2022/12/11/a-iniciativa-liberal-vai-chegar-ao-governo/ |access-date=25 September 2023 |website=SOL}}</ref> The party's political ideas are based on the idea of freedom as the greatest engine of human development, social harmony and economic prosperity.<ref name="Sampaio"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dinheirovivo.pt/economia/iniciativa-liberal-livre-e-chega-o-que-defendem-os-novos-partidos-12773949.html|title=Iniciativa Liberal, Livre e Chega. O que defendem os novos partidos?|date=7 October 2019|website=Dinheiro Vivo}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://expresso.pt/legislativas-2019/2019-10-07-Iniciativa-Liberal.-Eles-querem-ser-os-rebeldes-responsaveis-do-Parlamento|title=Iniciativa Liberal. Eles querem ser os "rebeldes responsáveis" do Parlamento|website=Jornal Expresso}}</ref><ref name="Portugal com rumo liberal"/> The party's leaders and founders have ascertained that they envisage Portugal as a country that will model itself on [[Healthcare in Germany|Germany's multi-payer health care system]]&nbsp;– which is paid for by a combination of public health insurance and private health insurance&nbsp;– on [[Ireland as a tax haven|Ireland's corporate tax policy]] and on Estonia's fiscal, educational, and [[E-government in Europe#Estonia|public administration systems]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://liberalmayan.pt/2021/01/tiago-mayan-debate-com-andre-ventura/|title=Tiago Mayan debate com André Ventura|website=Mayan 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://observador.pt/2019/02/15/iniciativa-liberal-quer-ex-primeiro-ministro-da-estonia-a-pensar-a-reforma-do-estado-portugues/|title=Iniciativa Liberal quer ex-Primeiro-Ministro da Estónia a pensar a reforma do estado português|first=Miguel Viterbo|last=Dias|website=Observador}}</ref> following classical liberal economic policies.

Revision as of 01:26, 2 June 2024

Liberal Initiative
Iniciativa Liberal
AbbreviationIL
PresidentRui Rocha
Secretary-GeneralMiguel Rangel
Vice presidentsBernardo Blanco
Angélique da Teresa
Ricardo Pais Oliveira
Ana Martins
Founded13 December 2017
HeadquartersAvenida do Bessa, 158 E 4100-012 Porto
Membership (2023)Increase 6,300[1]
IdeologyLiberalism
Neoliberalism[2]
Right-libertarianism[3]
Market fundamentalism[4]
Political positionCentre-right[5][6][7] to far-right[8][9]
European affiliationAlliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe[10][11]
Colours  Sky Blue
Assembly of the Republic
8 / 230
European Parliament
0 / 21
Regional
Parliaments
2 / 104
Local government
(Mayors)
0 / 308
Local government
(Parishes)
0 / 3,091
Election symbol
Party flag
Website
iniciativaliberal.pt

The Liberal Initiative, often simply IL (Template:Lang-pt, pronounced [inisjɐˈtivɐ liβɨˈɾal]) is a liberal political party in Portugal. Founded in 2017, it is currently led by Rui Rocha. The party has been described as being on the political right by academics and journalists.[12][13][14]

It has 8 elected members of the parliament out of a total of 230 seats in the Portuguese Parliament.[15]

The party was founded in December 2017, and in October 2019, its debut year at the Portuguese legislative elections, it won one seat in the Portuguese Parliament.[16] It had run in its first elections in May 2019 for the European Parliament and in 2020 supported its first government coalition, at regional level, after the 2020 Azorean regional election.[17]

The party espouses a libertarian-influenced economic platform, including support for a flat income tax, privatisations and liberalisation of the labour market.[18] However, it intends to preserve an equitable and universal welfare state to a certain extent.[19][20] In other dimensions of life, the party favours views aligned with cultural and secular liberalism.[21][22]

History

See also: Liberalism in Portugal

The Liberal Initiative was founded as an association in 2016, and was approved as a party by the Constitutional Court in 2017.[23] It was admitted to the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party, a European political party, in November 2017,[24] having run for election for the first time in the 2019 European Parliament election in Portugal, garnering 0.9% of the votes, and failing to win any seats in the European Parliament.[25] In the 2019 legislative election, the party won a single seat in the Portuguese Parliament through the electoral district of Lisbon, earning 67,681 votes in total, equivalent to 1.3% of the votes cast.[16] At regional level, IL supported its first government coalition after the 2020 Azorean regional election.[17] In the 2021 Portuguese local elections, it won 26 seats in municipal assemblies, and none in municipal councils.[26] In the 2022 legislative election, the Liberal Initiative party increased the number of its MPs from one to eight with 5.0% of the vote.[27] Besides João Cotrim Figueiredo (already a MP at the Portuguese Parliament and incumbent party leader), IL elected seven new MPs for the party, including Carlos Guimarães Pinto (a former party leader), as MPs.

Ideology and platform

Part of a series on
Liberalism
History
Principles
Philosophers
Politicians
Organizations
Regional variants
Related topics
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The party has been described as liberal,[18][28] neoliberal,[29] liberal right,[30] classical-liberal,[31][failed verification] libertarian,[18][9][32][33][34] and social liberal.[35] It has been described as centre-right,[36][37] right-wing,[38][32][39][40][41][42] and far-right[43][44][45] with its policy base described as combining economic liberalism with more progressive stances on cultural issues.[40][46]

According to its own official statements about this topic, the Liberal Initiative was founded with the Oxford Manifesto in mind and believes in individual freedom, by which all individuals have fundamental rights, including the possibility of having a life of their own, owning property or choosing how they want to live in their community, closely following the principles of classical liberalism.[31] The party's conception of freedom encompasses both the economic and social spheres as well as the political and individual spheres,[47] and believes that if any of them are restricted, freedom ceases to exist.[48][49][50][51] The party's political ideas are based on the idea of freedom as the greatest engine of human development, social harmony and economic prosperity.[48][52][53][22] The party's leaders and founders have ascertained that they envisage Portugal as a country that will model itself on Germany's multi-payer health care system – which is paid for by a combination of public health insurance and private health insurance – on Ireland's corporate tax policy and on Estonia's fiscal, educational, and public administration systems,[54][55] following classical liberal economic policies.

On 5 May 2018, the Liberal Initiative approved its political programme under the slogan "Less State, More Freedom" (Menos Estado, Mais Liberdade).[56] The party proposes the reduction of the number of civil servants and the extension of their health system to all Portuguese citizens, as well as extending the freedom for parents to choose their children's school without it necessarily being linked to their address.[57]

The party, which describes itself as a liberal party of all types of liberalism,[58] rejects to be simplistically described as a blind follower of the political philosophy of libertarianism, arguing that while it defends a small government and opposes economic interventionism in principle, it also defends an effective government which guarantees the rule of law, universal healthcare, universal education, social security and a welfare state.[59] The party said that it doesn't want to dismantle the Portuguese welfare state, but instead wants to "rationalize it" based on the principles of "sustainability and equity" by redefining its fairness proposition from the point of view of both social welfare beneficiaries/non-beneficiaries and taxpayers, regardless of age, current or previous occupation and other individual factors.[20][60][19]

Platform for the 2019 legislative election

Among the measures announced for the 2019 parliamentary elections were:

  • Introducing a flat income tax rate of 15%.
  • Extending coverage by the ADSE [pt] ("Instituto de Proteção e Assistência na Doença") to all Portuguese citizens. This body is in charge of health care, and works like a health insurance, for the Portuguese civil servants only.
  • Providing freedom of choice of school in both the state-owned and privately owned systems, through a school-voucher system.
  • Granting more freedom for universities to define admission criteria, and following the American and British models for universities by adopting a student loan funding system.

Party factions

The Liberal Initiative has a number of internal factions:[61][62][63]

Rui Rocha, current party leader.

Classical liberalism

This faction defends opposition to socialism through classical liberalism, calling for a low tax burden and promoting "efficient, effective and accountable government", while defending respect for individual, social, political and economic freedoms.[64]

Social liberalism

This faction adheres to the principles of social liberalism.[64]

Libertarianism

The faction espouses an outright libertarian platform with neoliberal economic and political stances, whose proposals include support for a lower flat income tax, small government, unprecedented wave of privatisations and deeper economic liberalisation of the economy, including in the labour market, able to address modernisation and overstaffing issues in the civil service, productivity gaps and competitiveness problems of the country in the context of the European Union and globalization.[65][66]

Conservative liberalism

The faction supporting Conservative liberalism, although being liberal on economic issues, is more conservative on social issues.[64] By 25 November 2023, most of the members from this faction had left the party,[67] with two joining Chega.[68][69]

Organisation, communication and style

Outdoor.

The party is organised and managed in a decentralised, digitised way. It has no physical headquarters in most municipalities of the country and makes heavy use of information and communication technologies.[70] Since its foundation, the party made an impact through the acclaimed originality of its communication and marketing campaigns, in particular its eye-catching billboards.[71][72]

Electoral results

Assembly of the Republic

Vote share in the Portuguese legislative elections

Election Leader Votes % Seats +/- Government
2019 Carlos Guimarães Pinto 67,681 1.3 (#8)
1 / 230
 New Opposition
2022 João Cotrim de Figueiredo 273,687 4.9 (#4)
8 / 230
 Increase 7 Opposition
2024 Rui Rocha 319,877 4.9 (#4)
8 / 230
 Steady 0 Opposition

European Parliament

Election Leader Votes % Seats +/-
2019 Ricardo Arroja 29,120 0.9 (#11)
0 / 21
 New
2024 João Cotrim de Figueiredo TBD TBD
0 / 21

Regional Assemblies

Region Election Leader Votes % Seats +/- Government
Azores 2024 Nuno Barata 2,482 2.2 (#5)
1 / 57
 Steady0 Opposition
Madeira 2023 Nuno Morna 3,555 2.6 (#6)
1 / 47
 Increase1 Opposition

Local elections

Election Leader Votes % Councillors +/- Mayors +/- Assemblies +/- Parishes +/-
2021 João Cotrim Figueiredo 64,849 1.3 (#8)
1 / 2,064
 New
0 / 308
 New
26 / 6,448
 New
45 / 26,797
 New

Presidential elections

Election Candidate Votes %
2021 Tiago Mayan Gonçalves 134,991 3.2 (#6)

Assembly of the Republic

16th Legislature (2024 – present)
15th Legislature (2022 – 2024)
14th Legislature (2019 – 2022)

List of presidents

Name Portrait Constituency Start End Prime minister
1 Miguel Ferreira da Silva
(b. 1972) 		Lisbon 26 November 2017 13 October 2018 António Costa (2015–2024)
2 Carlos Guimarães Pinto
(b. 1983) 		Porto 13 October 2018 8 December 2019
3 João Cotrim de Figueiredo
(b. 1961) 		Lisbon 8 December 2019 22 January 2023
4 Rui Rocha
(b. 1970) 		Braga 22 January 2023 present
Luís Montenegro (2024-present)
Rui RochaJoão Cotrim de FigueiredoCarlos Guimarães Pinto


References

  1. ^ "PSD está sem "visão reformista" e sem "urgência de transformar o país"". www.dn.pt.
  2. ^ Dinis, Rita (9 September 2023). "Sociais-liberais contra conservadores: há "luta de classes" na IL?". Expresso (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 11 March 2024. Retrieved 11 March 2024.
  3. ^ Pereira da Silva, Nuno (2 August 2023). "Sociais-liberais contra conservadores: há "luta de classes" na IL?". Ericeira Online (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 11 March 2024. Retrieved 11 March 2024.
  4. ^ "The Rise of Portugal's Far Right Is a Wake-Up Call". jacobin.com. Retrieved 26 May 2024.
  5. ^ "Iniciativa Liberal é um partido de esquerda ou direita? O que respondem os membros da IL". Observador (in Portuguese). 12 December 2021.
  6. ^ "Portugal terá Parlamento mais plural e com estreia da extrema direita". O Globo (in Portuguese). 7 October 2019.
  7. ^ "O debate em que a Iniciativa Liberal pisca à esquerda e à direita como Ruth Marlene e o CDS "cancela um grupo parlamentar inteiro"". CNN Portugal (in Portuguese). 5 January 2022.
  8. ^ Couraceiro, Paulo; Paisana, Miguel; Pais, Pedro Caldeira; Cardoso, Gustavo; Baldi, Vania (2019). "Fake News em ano eleitoral. Portugal em linha com a UE". ISCTE (in Portuguese). doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.35819.28965.
  9. ^ a b Marco Lisi; Edalina Rodrigues Sanches; Jayane dos Santos Maia (2021). "Party System Renewal or Business as Usual? Continuity and Change in Post Post-Bailout Portugal". In Elisabetta De Giorgi; José Santana-Pereira (eds.). The Exceptional Case of Post-Bailout Portugal. Routledge. p. 53. ISBN 978-1-000-46262-3.
  10. ^ "ALDE Member Parties". ALDE Party.
  11. ^ "Meet our leaders: João Cotrim Figueiredo (Iniciativa Liberal, Portugal)". ALDE Party.
  12. ^ Giorgi, Elisabetta De; Santana-Pereira, José (2021). The Exceptional Case of Post-Bailout Portugal. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-000-46262-3. (...) due to both the rise of two new right-wing parties, the liberal IL (Iniciativa Liberal – Liberal Initiative) (...)
  13. ^ Botelho, Catarina Santos; Ribeiro, Ana Teresa (2020). "Portugal". In Albert, Richard; Landau, David E.; Faraguna, Pietro; Drugda, Simon (eds.). I-CONnect-Clough Center 2019 Global Review of Constitutional Law: Country Reports. Clough Center for the Study of Constitutional Democracy. ISBN 978-1-7343197-1-2. SSRN 3742104. (...) two new right-wing parties (the radical right 'CHEGA' and the liberals 'Iniciativa Liberal') entered the Portuguese parliament (...)
  14. ^ Jalali, Carlos; Moniz, Joāo; Silva, Patrícia. "In the Shadow of the 'Government of the Left': The 2019 Legislative Elections in Portugal". In Giorgi & Santana-Pereira (2021), pp. 229-255. "The third noteworthy party on the right was IL (Iniciativa Liberal – Liberal Initiative) (...)"
  15. ^ "Sobre os grupos parlamentares". www.parlamento.pt (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 13 June 2023.
  16. ^ a b "Legislativas 2019 – Resultados Globais". www.legislativas2019.mai.gov.pt. Retrieved 17 October 2019.
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