Gunnar Norberg: Difference between revisions
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{{short description|American politician}} |
{{short description|American politician}} |
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| party = [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]] |
| party = [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]] |
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| website = |
| website = |
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| office = 27th |
| office = 27th Mayor of Carmel-by-the-Sea |
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| term_start = 1976 |
| term_start = 1976 |
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| term_end = 1980 |
| term_end = 1980 |
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| successor = Barney Laiolo |
| successor = Barney Laiolo |
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'''Gunnar Norberg,''' (February 4, 1907 – August 17, 1988) an American businessman and politician. |
'''Gunnar Norberg,''' (February 4, 1907 – August 17, 1988) was an American businessman and politician. He served two terms as a city councilman and two terms as mayor of [[Carmel-by-the-Sea, California]].<ref name="Obituary"/><ref name="Watson"/> |
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== Early life == |
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Norberg was born in February 4, 1907 in [[Kenora]], on the [[Lake of the Woods]], Ontario, Canada. His parents, Albert Norberg and Thilda Osterberg, were both Swedish. He came with his parents to [[Little Falls, Minnesota]] as a child.<ref name="Norberg"/> During intermittent periods of study at [[Stanford University]] he acquired bookkeeping and accounting skills which he used while working for the [[Southern Pacific Transportation Company|Southern Pacific Railroad]]. He also established a career in New York as a [[Hearst Communications|Hearst]] newspaper columnist and magazine editor for [[Fawcett Publications]]. There he met Barbara Drew Collins, an actress and member of the [[Barrymore family]]. They married on March 28, 1936 in [[Manhattan]], New York City.<ref name="Old Carmel"/><ref name="Norberg"/><ref name="Watson">{{cite book |
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|last=Watson |first=Lisa Crawford|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D3ocCgAAQBAJ&q=Legendary+Locals+of+Carmel-by-the-Sea|title=Legendary Locals of Carmel-by-the-Sea|publisher=Arcadia Publishing Incorporated|place=Carmel-by-the-Sea, California|date=July 6, 2015|page=81|isbn=9781439651179 |access-date=May 1, 2023}}</ref> When his wife Barbara died in the summer of 1972, Norberg married Wies Christianson (1933-2017) in June 1973, at the Flanders Mansion. They were married in the costumes inspired by the play ''Twilth Night.''<ref name="Old Carmel"/> |
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==Career== |
==Career== |
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In 1940, he and Barbara came to [[Carmel-by-the-Sea, California]] on vacation and they decided to make it their permanent home.<ref name="Old Carmel"/> The Gunnar Norberg House, on the southeast corner of Carmelo Stret and 10th Avenue was a wedding gift for the newlyweds from the brides parents. The [[American Craftsman]]-style home was built in 1909.<ref name="Dramov"> |
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{{cite book|last1=Dramov |first1=Alissandra |last2=Momboisse |first2=Lynn A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nYQmDAAAQBAJ |title=Historic Homes And Inns Of Carmel-by-the-Sea|publisher=Arcadia Publishing|place=Carmel-by-the-Sea, California|date=2016|pages=42–43|isbn=9781439656747 |access-date=2023-04-02}}</ref> |
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During the summer of 1941, Norberg opened a travel service which he operated until his retirement in 1979. He also started an accounting service in Carmel during the war years.<ref name="Obituary"/><ref name="Norberg"/> |
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| ⚫ | He was inducted at the [[Presidio of Monterey, California|Presidio of Monterey]] and eneded up at Camp Beale. Private Norberg became editor for the camp's newspaper, and helped set up the military installation's first football team and symphony orchestra. He received an honorable discharge to embark on a new role within the [[Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs|Office of Inter-American Affairs]]. Eventually, this organization evolved into the [[Voice of America]].<ref name="Obituary" |
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| ⚫ | Following the [[attack on Pearl Harbor]], Norberg was drafted by the [[United States Army]] during [[World War II]], serving from 1943 to 1945, but was never assigned to a combat unit due to his poor eyesight. He became a citizenship of the United States when he enlisted in the Army.<ref name="Norberg"/> He was inducted at the [[Presidio of Monterey, California|Presidio of Monterey]] and eneded up at Camp Beale. Private Norberg became editor for the camp's newspaper, and helped set up the military installation's first football team and symphony orchestra. He received an honorable discharge to embark on a new role within the [[Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs|Office of Inter-American Affairs]]. Eventually, this organization evolved into the [[Voice of America]].<ref name="Obituary"/><ref name="Walch"/> |
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Norberg's political journey in Carmel began with his election to the City Council in 1958. He was loved for his efforts in safeguarding the village's character, yet despised for his abrasive approach in doing so.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.montereycountyweekly.com/news/local_news/two-monterey-peninsula-cities-may-change-how-they-re-governed/article_800e5d26-8ae2-11e8-9328-1b6026c11c22.html|title=Two Monterey Peninsula cities may change how they're governed|work=Monterey County Weekly|author=Pam Marino|date=July 19, 2018 |page=|access-date=2023-07-14}}</ref> |
Norberg's political journey in Carmel began with his election to the City Council in 1958. He was loved for his efforts in safeguarding the village's character, yet despised for his abrasive approach in doing so.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.montereycountyweekly.com/news/local_news/two-monterey-peninsula-cities-may-change-how-they-re-governed/article_800e5d26-8ae2-11e8-9328-1b6026c11c22.html|title=Two Monterey Peninsula cities may change how they're governed|work=Monterey County Weekly|author=Pam Marino|date=July 19, 2018 |page=|access-date=2023-07-14}}</ref> |
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Although Norberg faced a temporary setback in 1962 because of his outspoken views, he made impressive comebacks, winning elections in 1966 and 1970. He was vice-mayor from 1972 to 1975. In 1976, Norberg was elected Carmel's new mayor succeeding mayor Eugene Hammond.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/ccarm_004223/page/n33/mode/2up?q=Norberg|title=Norberg elected mayor 3-2|work=Carmel Pine Cone|author=|date=September 30, 1976 |page=25|access-date=2023-07-14}}</ref> He won a second term in 1978 when he was reappointed mayor of Carmel by the City Council.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/ccarm_004300/page/n3/mode/2up?q=%22Gunnar+Norberg%22+elected|title=Norberg reapoointed mayor by new council|work=Carmel Pine Cone|author=|date=March 16, 1978 |pages=1, 4|access-date=2023-07-14}}</ref> |
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| ⚫ | In May 1979, [[20th Century Fox]] purchased the Pebble Beach Corporation for over $71 million ({{Inflation|US|71000000|1979|fmt=eq}}). Norberg expressed his concerns about the purchase as he believed that 20th Century-Fox had a significant surplus of funds due to the success of "Star Wars." The City Council, in response, passed a resolution opposing the acquisition. |
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Throughout his tenure, he encountered resistance from his peers regarding his progressive ideas, such as advocating against increased hotel square footage and proposing a 500-foot distance between similar tourist-oriented shops. Feeling like a "lone voice in the wilderness," Norberg's unwavering commitment earned him the name of the "Abominable No-Man" among some pro-development residents. Additionally, under Norberg's leadership, Carmel took legal action, filing two lawsuits to protect the city from unfavorable development in Carmel Valley. He continued the legacy set by [[Perry Newberry]], standing firmly against unrestricted growth, excessive freeway development, the unchecked expansion of motels, and the overwhelming influx of tourism. Norberg ardently advocated for preserving the natural beauty and embracing a simpler, more authentic way of life.<ref name="Obituary"/><ref name="Old Carmel">{{cite book|author=Connie Wright|url=https://carmelcares.org/storiesofoldcarmel/index.html |title=Stories of Old Carmel: A Centennial Tribute from the Carmel Residents Association|publisher=Carmel Residents Association|chapter=Gunnar Norberg: The Abdominal No-Man or the Concience of Carmel |place=Carmel-by-the-Sea, California|date=2014|pages=25–26}}</ref><ref name="Watson"/> |
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| ⚫ | As vice-mayor, he persuaded the city council to buy the [[Outlands in the Eighty Acres|Flanders Mansion]] and adjoining {{convert|14.9|acre||adj=pre|}} in 1972 from the Flanders heirs for $275,000 ({{Inflation|US|275000|1972|fmt=eq}}) to prevent the [[Paul Aiken Flanders|Flanders]] Estate from development.<ref>{{cite web|last=Seavey |first=Kent L. |title=National Register of Historic Places Registration Form: Outlands in the Eighty Acres |url={{NRHP url|id=89000228}} |publisher=National Park Service |date=August 1988 |access-date=2022-02-05}}</ref><ref name="Old Carmel"/> In May 1979, [[20th Century Fox]] purchased the Pebble Beach Corporation for over $71 million ({{Inflation|US|71000000|1979|fmt=eq}}). Norberg expressed his concerns about the purchase as he believed that 20th Century-Fox had a significant surplus of funds due to the success of "Star Wars." The City Council, in response, passed a resolution opposing the acquisition.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1979/01/26/archives/monterey-peninsula-debates-sale-of-scenic-tract-acquisition-spurs-a.html|title=Monterey Peninsula Debates Sale of Scenic Tract|author=Robert Lindsey|work=The New York Times|place=|date=January 26, 1979 |page=1|access-date=2023-07-14}}</ref> |
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Upon [[Clint Eastwood]]'s decision not to seek re-election as the mayor of Carmel from 1986 to 1988, Norberg and former mayor Charlotte Townsend expressed their hopes for a return to a simpler, more ordinary way of life, with diminished commercialization in the city. Norberg emphasized his belief that Carmel had experienced a surge in commercialization during the previous two years, asserting that the essence of "Carmel wasn't made by spending money. It was made by spending the time and effort of dedicated people." The preamble to the city charter of Carmel underscores its primary focus on being a residential, with business interests taking a secondary position in importance.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-californian-eastwood/128168329/|title=Former town leaders bid adieu|work=The Californian|place=Salinas, California|date=February 5, 1988 |page=3|access-date=2023-07-13}}</ref> |
Upon [[Clint Eastwood]]'s decision not to seek re-election as the mayor of Carmel from 1986 to 1988, Norberg and former mayor Charlotte Townsend expressed their hopes for a return to a simpler, more ordinary way of life, with diminished commercialization in the city. Norberg emphasized his belief that Carmel had experienced a surge in commercialization during the previous two years, asserting that the essence of "Carmel wasn't made by spending money. It was made by spending the time and effort of dedicated people." The preamble to the city charter of Carmel underscores its primary focus on being a residential, with business interests taking a secondary position in importance.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-californian-eastwood/128168329/|title=Former town leaders bid adieu|work=The Californian|place=Salinas, California|date=February 5, 1988 |page=3|access-date=2023-07-13}}</ref> |
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===Acting=== |
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Norberg and his wife both acted in plays at [[Edward G. Kuster|Edward Kuster]]'s [[Golden Bough Playhouse]].<ref name="Old Carmel"/> In 1971, Norberg and president of the [[Forest Theater]] Guild, photographer [[Cole Weston]], played a role in a campaign to preserve the Forest Theater, an outdoor venue. Recognizing the theater's cultural significance and historical value, they rallied the community, igniting a collective effort to ensure its survival for future generations.<ref name="Obituary"/> |
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In 1972, to raise funds for the Theater's preservation, Norberg and Weston produced a full production of [[William Shakespeare]]'s ''[[Twelfth Night]].'' The success of this production showed the city that there was still public interest and support for the Forest Theater.<ref name="Old Carmel"/> |
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The city council commissioned a study to evaluate the efficacy of the theater. The public was invited to comment and, after several months of often heated discussions, several recommendations were made: The city council decided to continue city operation of the facility, and the outdoor theater would be leased to the Forest Theater Guild on a two-year trial basis. The trial was a success, and the lease with the Forest Theater Guild was renewed.<ref>{{citation |work=Forest Theater Committee of the Cultural Commission|place=Carmel-by-the-Sea, California |title=Report on the Forest Theater|date=December 4, 1971}}</ref> |
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==Death== |
==Death== |
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Norberg died on August 17, 1988, at age 81, at [[Community Hospital of the Monterey Peninsula]] (CHOMP) of natural causes. Funeral services were at Carmel's outdoor [[Forest Theater]] on August 27.<ref name="Obituary">{{cite web |url=https://archive.org/details/ccarm_004844/|title=Gunnar Norberg 1907–1988|work=Carmel Pine Cone|place=Carmel-by-the-Sea, California|date=18 August 1988|pages=1, 3|access-date=July 13, 2023}}</ref> |
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In September 1989, the [[Sunset Center]] theater presented ''Portrait of a Dream'' by True Boardman, winner of the 1989 ''Festival of Firsts'' an annual playwriting competition. Boardman's play was selected among 1989's 141 entries from across the United States. The Festival of Firsts playwriting competition had been inaugurated by the late Mayor Norberg of Carmel, as a prime annual cultural event for the city of Carmel.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-californian-competition/128152671/|title=Sunset Center Theater|work=The Californian|place=Salinas, California|date=September 21, 1989 |page=10|access-date=2023-07-13}}</ref> |
In September 1989, the [[Sunset Center]] theater presented ''Portrait of a Dream'' by True Boardman, winner of the 1989 ''Festival of Firsts'' an annual playwriting competition. Boardman's play was selected among 1989's 141 entries from across the United States. The Festival of Firsts playwriting competition had been inaugurated by the late Mayor Norberg of Carmel, as a prime annual cultural event for the city of Carmel.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-californian-competition/128152671/|title=Sunset Center Theater|work=The Californian|place=Salinas, California|date=September 21, 1989 |page=10|access-date=2023-07-13}}</ref> |
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Norberg died shortly after completing a memoir of his experiences in the army, called ''The Private Norberg Story, Me and the General World War II at the Homefront.'' His wife and son had the manuscript published in March 2008.<ref name="Walch">{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-californian-norberg/128151382/|title=Author recalls life outside trenches|author=Robert Walch|work=The Californian|place=Salinas, California|date=March 22, 2008|page=24|access-date=2023-07-13}}</ref><ref name="Norberg">{{cite book|last=Norberg|first=Gunnar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0rNHPQAACAAJ|title=The Private Norberg Story, Me and the General World War II at the Homefront|place=|date=2007|publisher=Booksurge Pub |isbn=9781419677502 |access-date=2023-07-13}}</ref> |
Norberg died shortly after completing a memoir of his experiences in the army, called ''The Private Norberg Story, Me and the General World War II at the Homefront.'' His wife and son had the manuscript published in March 2008.<ref name="Walch">{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-californian-norberg/128151382/|title=Author recalls life outside trenches|author=Robert Walch|work=The Californian|place=Salinas, California|date=March 22, 2008|page=24|access-date=2023-07-13}}</ref><ref name="Norberg">{{cite book|last=Norberg|first=Gunnar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0rNHPQAACAAJ|title=The Private Norberg Story, Me and the General World War II at the Homefront|place=|date=2007|publisher=Booksurge Pub |isbn=9781419677502 |access-date=2023-07-13}}</ref> |
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==See also== |
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* [[List of mayors of Carmel-by-the-Sea, California]] |
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==References== |
==References== |
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Latest revision as of 09:30, 17 November 2024
An editor has nominated this article for deletion. You are welcome to participate in the deletion discussion, which will decide whether or not to retain it. |
 | This article may incorporate text from a large language model. (October 2024) |
Gunnar Norberg | |
|---|---|
 Norberg ca. 1978 | |
| 27th Mayor of Carmel-by-the-Sea | |
| In office 1976–1980 | |
| Preceded by | Eugene Hammond |
| Succeeded by | Barney Laiolo |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Nils Gunnar Norberg February 4, 1907 Kenora, Ontario, Canada |
| Died | September 17, 1988 (aged 81) Carmel-by-the-Sea, California, US |
| Political party | Republican |
| Occupation | Businessman politician |
| Known for | Mayor of Carmel-by-the-Sea, California |
Gunnar Norberg, (February 4, 1907 – August 17, 1988) was an American businessman and politician. He served two terms as a city councilman and two terms as mayor of Carmel-by-the-Sea, California.[1][2]
Early life
[edit]Norberg was born in February 4, 1907 in Kenora, on the Lake of the Woods, Ontario, Canada. His parents, Albert Norberg and Thilda Osterberg, were both Swedish. He came with his parents to Little Falls, Minnesota as a child.[3] During intermittent periods of study at Stanford University he acquired bookkeeping and accounting skills which he used while working for the Southern Pacific Railroad. He also established a career in New York as a Hearst newspaper columnist and magazine editor for Fawcett Publications. There he met Barbara Drew Collins, an actress and member of the Barrymore family. They married on March 28, 1936 in Manhattan, New York City.[4][3][2] When his wife Barbara died in the summer of 1972, Norberg married Wies Christianson (1933-2017) in June 1973, at the Flanders Mansion. They were married in the costumes inspired by the play Twilth Night.[4]
Career
[edit]In 1940, he and Barbara came to Carmel-by-the-Sea, California on vacation and they decided to make it their permanent home.[4] The Gunnar Norberg House, on the southeast corner of Carmelo Stret and 10th Avenue was a wedding gift for the newlyweds from the brides parents. The American Craftsman-style home was built in 1909.[5]
During the summer of 1941, Norberg opened a travel service which he operated until his retirement in 1979. He also started an accounting service in Carmel during the war years.[1][3]
Following the attack on Pearl Harbor, Norberg was drafted by the United States Army during World War II, serving from 1943 to 1945, but was never assigned to a combat unit due to his poor eyesight. He became a citizenship of the United States when he enlisted in the Army.[3] He was inducted at the Presidio of Monterey and eneded up at Camp Beale. Private Norberg became editor for the camp's newspaper, and helped set up the military installation's first football team and symphony orchestra. He received an honorable discharge to embark on a new role within the Office of Inter-American Affairs. Eventually, this organization evolved into the Voice of America.[1][6]
Politics
[edit]Norberg's political journey in Carmel began with his election to the City Council in 1958. He was loved for his efforts in safeguarding the village's character, yet despised for his abrasive approach in doing so.[7]
Although Norberg faced a temporary setback in 1962 because of his outspoken views, he made impressive comebacks, winning elections in 1966 and 1970. He was vice-mayor from 1972 to 1975. In 1976, Norberg was elected Carmel's new mayor succeeding mayor Eugene Hammond.[8] He won a second term in 1978 when he was reappointed mayor of Carmel by the City Council.[9]
Throughout his tenure, he encountered resistance from his peers regarding his progressive ideas, such as advocating against increased hotel square footage and proposing a 500-foot distance between similar tourist-oriented shops. Feeling like a "lone voice in the wilderness," Norberg's unwavering commitment earned him the name of the "Abominable No-Man" among some pro-development residents. Additionally, under Norberg's leadership, Carmel took legal action, filing two lawsuits to protect the city from unfavorable development in Carmel Valley. He continued the legacy set by Perry Newberry, standing firmly against unrestricted growth, excessive freeway development, the unchecked expansion of motels, and the overwhelming influx of tourism. Norberg ardently advocated for preserving the natural beauty and embracing a simpler, more authentic way of life.[1][4][2]
As vice-mayor, he persuaded the city council to buy the Flanders Mansion and adjoining 14.9 acres (6.0 ha) in 1972 from the Flanders heirs for $275,000 (equivalent to $2,003,103 in 2023) to prevent the Flanders Estate from development.[10][4] In May 1979, 20th Century Fox purchased the Pebble Beach Corporation for over $71 million (equivalent to $298,063,274 in 2023). Norberg expressed his concerns about the purchase as he believed that 20th Century-Fox had a significant surplus of funds due to the success of "Star Wars." The City Council, in response, passed a resolution opposing the acquisition.[11]
Upon Clint Eastwood's decision not to seek re-election as the mayor of Carmel from 1986 to 1988, Norberg and former mayor Charlotte Townsend expressed their hopes for a return to a simpler, more ordinary way of life, with diminished commercialization in the city. Norberg emphasized his belief that Carmel had experienced a surge in commercialization during the previous two years, asserting that the essence of "Carmel wasn't made by spending money. It was made by spending the time and effort of dedicated people." The preamble to the city charter of Carmel underscores its primary focus on being a residential, with business interests taking a secondary position in importance.[12]
Acting
[edit]Norberg and his wife both acted in plays at Edward Kuster's Golden Bough Playhouse.[4] In 1971, Norberg and president of the Forest Theater Guild, photographer Cole Weston, played a role in a campaign to preserve the Forest Theater, an outdoor venue. Recognizing the theater's cultural significance and historical value, they rallied the community, igniting a collective effort to ensure its survival for future generations.[1]
In 1972, to raise funds for the Theater's preservation, Norberg and Weston produced a full production of William Shakespeare's Twelfth Night. The success of this production showed the city that there was still public interest and support for the Forest Theater.[4]
The city council commissioned a study to evaluate the efficacy of the theater. The public was invited to comment and, after several months of often heated discussions, several recommendations were made: The city council decided to continue city operation of the facility, and the outdoor theater would be leased to the Forest Theater Guild on a two-year trial basis. The trial was a success, and the lease with the Forest Theater Guild was renewed.[13]
Death
[edit]Norberg died on August 17, 1988, at age 81, at Community Hospital of the Monterey Peninsula (CHOMP) of natural causes. Funeral services were at Carmel's outdoor Forest Theater on August 27.[1]
In September 1989, the Sunset Center theater presented Portrait of a Dream by True Boardman, winner of the 1989 Festival of Firsts an annual playwriting competition. Boardman's play was selected among 1989's 141 entries from across the United States. The Festival of Firsts playwriting competition had been inaugurated by the late Mayor Norberg of Carmel, as a prime annual cultural event for the city of Carmel.[14]
Norberg died shortly after completing a memoir of his experiences in the army, called The Private Norberg Story, Me and the General World War II at the Homefront. His wife and son had the manuscript published in March 2008.[6][3]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f "Gunnar Norberg 1907–1988". Carmel Pine Cone. Carmel-by-the-Sea, California. August 18, 1988. pp. 1, 3. Retrieved July 13, 2023.
- ^ a b c Watson, Lisa Crawford (July 6, 2015). Legendary Locals of Carmel-by-the-Sea. Carmel-by-the-Sea, California: Arcadia Publishing Incorporated. p. 81. ISBN 9781439651179. Retrieved May 1, 2023.
- ^ a b c d e Norberg, Gunnar (2007). The Private Norberg Story, Me and the General World War II at the Homefront. Booksurge Pub. ISBN 9781419677502. Retrieved July 13, 2023.
- ^ a b c d e f g Connie Wright (2014). "Gunnar Norberg: The Abdominal No-Man or the Concience of Carmel". Stories of Old Carmel: A Centennial Tribute from the Carmel Residents Association. Carmel-by-the-Sea, California: Carmel Residents Association. pp. 25–26.
- ^ Dramov, Alissandra; Momboisse, Lynn A. (2016). Historic Homes And Inns Of Carmel-by-the-Sea. Carmel-by-the-Sea, California: Arcadia Publishing. pp. 42–43. ISBN 9781439656747. Retrieved April 2, 2023.
- ^ a b Robert Walch (March 22, 2008). "Author recalls life outside trenches". The Californian. Salinas, California. p. 24. Retrieved July 13, 2023.
- ^ Pam Marino (July 19, 2018). "Two Monterey Peninsula cities may change how they're governed". Monterey County Weekly. Retrieved July 14, 2023.
- ^ "Norberg elected mayor 3-2". Carmel Pine Cone. September 30, 1976. p. 25. Retrieved July 14, 2023.
- ^ "Norberg reapoointed mayor by new council". Carmel Pine Cone. March 16, 1978. pp. 1, 4. Retrieved July 14, 2023.
- ^ Seavey, Kent L. (August 1988). "National Register of Historic Places Registration Form: Outlands in the Eighty Acres". National Park Service. Retrieved February 5, 2022.
- ^ Robert Lindsey (January 26, 1979). "Monterey Peninsula Debates Sale of Scenic Tract". The New York Times. p. 1. Retrieved July 14, 2023.
- ^ "Former town leaders bid adieu". The Californian. Salinas, California. February 5, 1988. p. 3. Retrieved July 13, 2023.
- ^ "Report on the Forest Theater", Forest Theater Committee of the Cultural Commission, Carmel-by-the-Sea, California, December 4, 1971
- ^ "Sunset Center Theater". The Californian. Salinas, California. September 21, 1989. p. 10. Retrieved July 13, 2023.
