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{{legend|#d4d4d4|Not on ballot}}
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|-
!{{vert header|cellstyle=background-color:{{party color|Constitution Party (US)}}|va=middle|[[Constitution Party (US)|Constitution Party of Mississippi]]}}
| style="vertical-align:middle;" | '''James Clymer'''</span><br>{{small|Chair of the [[United States Constitution Party]] from [[Pennsylvania]]}}
| style="vertical-align:middle;" |'''Cindy Redburn'''<br> {{small|Co-Chair of the Missouri [[Constitution Party (US)|Constitution Party]] from [[Missouri]]}}
|
|data-sort-value="6.000"|[[File:CPMSBA.png|300px|thumb|right|
<section begin="skousenBA" />
{{nowrap|{{legend|#3fff3f|Certified for ballot (One state, six electors){{efn-lr|Constitution Party of Mississippi on the ballot in:
* Mississippi (6)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sos.ms.gov/Content/documents/Elections/candidate%20qualifying/2024%20Candidate%20Qualifying%20LIst%209.6.2024%205.pdf|title=2024 Candidate Qualifying List|website=Mississippi Secretary of State|access-date=September 6, 2024}}</ref>
}}}}}}
{{nowrap|{{legend|#fffebe|Automatic write-in (Nine states, 70 electors){{efn-lr|Constitution Party Mississippi write-in states:
* [[Alabama]] (9)
* [[Iowa]] (6)
* [[New Hampshire]] (4)
* [[New Jersey]] (14)
* [[Oregon]] (8)
* [[Pennsylvania]] (19)
* [[Rhode Island]] (4)
* [[Vermont]] (3)
* [[Wyoming]] (3)
}}}}}}
{{legend|#d4d4d4|Not on ballot}}
<section end="CPMSBA" />
]]
]]


Revision as of 16:34, 7 September 2024

Third-party and independent candidates for the 2024 United States presidential election
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This article lists third party and independent candidates, also jointly known as minor candidates, associated with the 2024 United States presidential election.

General election candidates

Candidates with majority ballot access

See also: Ballot access in the 2024 United States presidential election

The following general election candidates currently have ballot access to at least 270 electoral votes, the minimum number required to win the electoral college. Ballot access deadlines vary from state to state.

Party
 Presidential nominee Vice presidential nominee Campaign States with ballot access

Chase Oliver
Nominee for U.S. Senator from Georgia in 2022 and sales executive from Georgia
Mike ter Maat
Former economist at Office of Management and Budget and police officer from Florida
Website

Campaign
Additional party nominations:
Libertarian Association of Massachusetts (MA)[a]
Libertarian Party of New Mexico (NM)[b]
listed as an independent in:
AL, ND, RI

  Certified for ballot (46 states, 473 electors)[i]
  Petition awaiting certification (One state, four electors)[ii]
  Registered write-in (One state, 19 electors)[iii]
  Not on ballot

Jill Stein
Nominee for U.S. president in 2012 and 2016 from Massachusetts
Butch Ware
Academic from California
Website

Campaign
Additional party nominations:
Kentucky Party (KY)[9]
Listed as an Independent in:
AL, AK, ID, OH, RI, TN

  Certified for ballot (36 states, 420 electors)[iv]
  Petition awaiting certification (Three states, 20 electors)[v]
  Registered write-in (One state, 19 electors)[vi]
  Automatic write-in (Three states, 12 electors)[vii]
  Not on ballot

Candidates with majority ballot or write-in access

The following candidates will have either ballot or write-in access to more than 270 electoral votes, the minimum number required to attain the presidency.

See also: Ballot access in the 2024 United States presidential election
Party
 Presidential nominee Vice presidential nominee Campaign States with ballot access

Claudia De la Cruz
Activist from New York
Karina Garcia
Activist from California
Website
Campaign

FEC filing[19]
Additional party nominations:
South Carolina Workers Party (SC)
Peace and Freedom Party (CA)
Listed as an Independent in:
GA, ID, MS, RI, UT, TN, VA, WI

  Certified for ballot (17 states, 215 electors)[viii]
  Petition awaiting certification (Three states, 21 electors)[ix]
  Registered write-in (Six states, 88 electors)[x]
  Automatic write-in (Five states, 43 electors)[xi]
  Not on ballot

Cornel West
Academic and activist from California
Melina Abdullah
Academic and activist from California
Website
Campaign

FEC filing[30][31][32]
Additional party nominations:
Aurora Party (AK)
Oregon Progressive Party (OR)
United Citizens Party (SC)
Unity Party of Colorado[c] (CO)
Green Mountain Peace and Justice Party (VT)
Nebraska Legal Marijuana NOW Party (NE)
Natural Law Party (MS)
Justice For All Party (LA, ME, MN, NC, WA)

  Certified for ballot (16 states, 141 electors)[xii]
  Registered write-in (Three states, 70 electors)[xiii]
  Automatic write-in (Seven states, 59 electors)[xiv]
  Not on ballot

Candidates with partial ballot access

The following general election candidates will have ballot access to fewer than 270 electoral votes, the minimum number required to attain the presidency.

See also: Ballot access in the 2024 United States presidential election
Party
 Presidential nominee Vice presidential nominee Campaign States with ballot access

Randall Terry
Activist and perennial candidate from Tennessee
Stephen Broden
Pastor and political commentator from Texas
Website
Campaign
Additional party nominations:
Constitution Party of Oregon (OR)[d]
Listed as an Independent in:
ID
  Certified for ballot (11 states, 127 electors)[xv]
  Automatic write-in (Seven states, 48 electors)[xvi]
  Not on ballot
  State party rejected nominee (Four states, 19 electors)[xvii]

Peter Sonski
Local politician from Connecticut
Lauren Onak
Teacher from Massachusetts
Website
Campaign
June 13, 2023
FEC filing[42]
Listed as an Independent in:
MS, OH
  Certified for ballot (Six states, 68 electors)[xviii]
  Petition awaiting certification (One state, six electors)[xix]
  Registered write-in (Seven states, 98 electors)[xx]
  Automatic write-in (Nine states, 70 electors)[xxi]
  Not on ballot

Rachele Fruit
Activist from Florida
Dennis Richter[e]
Activist from Minnesota 		Website
March 4, 2024
Listed as an Independent in:
TN
  Certified for ballot (Six states, 58 electors)[xxii]
  Automatic write-in (Seven states, 53 electors)[xxiii]
  Not on ballot

Joseph Kishore
Writer and Socialist Equality Party National Secretary
Jerry White
Perennial candidate and editor from New York
Website
February 27, 2024
Listed as an Independent in:
MI
  Certified for ballot (Three states, 41 electors)[xxiv]
  Automatic write-in (Eight states, 56 electors)[xxv]
  Not on ballot

Shiva Ayyadurai
Entrepreneur from Massachusetts[f] 		Crystal Ellis
2022 gubernatorial candidate from Nebraska
Website
September 4, 2023
FEC filing[50]
  Certified for ballot (Four states, 32 electors)[xxvi]
  Petition awaiting certification (One state, six electors)[xxvii]
  Registered write-in (Nine states, 129 electors)[xxviii]
  Automatic write-in (Eight states, 64 electors)[xxix]
  Not on ballot

Richard Duncan

Perennial candidate from Ohio

Mitch Bupp

Perennial candidate from Ohio

  Certified for ballot (One state, 17 electors)[xxx]
  Automatic write-in (Nine states, 70 electors)[xxxi]
  Not on ballot

Joel Skousen
Survivalist and consultant from Utah
Rik Combs
Businessman and Libertarian nominee for governor of Missouri in 2020 from Missouri 		Website
May 6, 2024
  Certified for ballot (Three states, 16 electors)[xxxii]
  Automatic write-in (Nine states, 70 electors)[xxxiii]
  Not on ballot


Jay Bowman
Writer and activist from Kentucky 		De Bowman
Activist and brother of Jay Bowman from Kentucky
July 3, 2024
FEC filing[58]
  Certified for ballot (One state, 11 electors)[xxxiv]
  Registered write-in (Two states, 14 electors)[xxxv]
  Automatic write-in (Nine states, 70 electors)[xxxvi]
  Not on ballot
Blake Huber

nominee for president in 2020 from Colorado

Andrea Denault

Activist and political consultant from North Dakota


Website
March 16, 2024
  Certified for ballot (One state, 10 electors)[xxxvii]
  Automatic write-in (Nine states, 70 electors)[xxxviii]
  Not on ballot
Godliness, Truth, Justice Party
 Mattie Preston

Evangelist from Louisiana

Shannel Conner

Welder from Texas


Website
January 6, 2023
FEC filing[61]
  Certified for ballot (One state, eight electors)[xxxix]
  Automatic write-in (Nine states, 70 electors)[xl]
  Not on ballot

Chris Garrity

Former Army Ranger and Environmentalist from New Hampshire

Cody Ballard

Former Army Ranger and Assistant State Attorney from Maryland


Website
June 2, 2023
FEC filing[62]
  Certified for ballot (One state, seven electors)[xli]
  Registered write-in (Two states, 14 electors)[xlii]
  Automatic write-in (Nine states, 70 electors)[xliii]
  Not on ballot
James Clymer
Chair of the United States Constitution Party from Pennsylvania 		Cindy Redburn
Co-Chair of the Missouri Constitution Party from Missouri
  Certified for ballot (One state, six electors)[xliv]
  Automatic write-in (Nine states, 70 electors)[xlv]
  Not on ballot
Michael Wood
Businessman and Prohibition National Committee member from California 		John Pietrowski
Prohibition National Committee member from Ohio 		Website
July 5, 2023
FEC filing[66]
  Certified for ballot (One state, six electors)[xlvi]
  Automatic write-in (Nine states, 70 electors)[xlvii]
  Not on ballot

Lucifer "Justin Case" Everylove
Activist from New Hampshire 		TBA Website
  Certified for ballot (One state, six electors)[xlviii]
  Automatic write-in (Nine states, 70 electors)[xlix]
  Not on ballot
Bill Stodden
Nonprofit Executive 		Stephanie Cholensky
Activist 		Website
November 12, 2023
FEC Filing
  Certified for ballot (One state, six electors)[l]
  Automatic write-in (Eight states, 64 electors)[li]
  Not on ballot



Vermin Supreme

Performance Artist and Perennial Candidate from Massachusetts


Jonathan Realz

Actor from Alabama

Website
August 8, 2024
FEC filing[70]
Additional Party Nominations:
Conservative Party of Delaware (DE)
  Certified for ballot (One state, three electors)[lii]
  Automatic write-in (Nine states, 70 electors)[liii]
  Not on ballot

Candidates without ballot access

Parties and candidates in this section have not attained ballot access in any states.

Notable parties:

Notable independents:

Withdrawn candidates with ballot access

Party
 Presidential nominee Vice presidential nominee Campaign Withdrew States with ballot access

Robert F. Kennedy Jr.
Attorney and activist from California


Nicole Shanahan
Attorney and technologist from California


Website
Campaign
FEC filing[84][85][86]
Additional party nominations:
We the People Party (HI, IA, IN, LA, MN, OR, VT, WA)
American Independent Party (CA)
Independent Party of Delaware (DE) 		August 23, 2024 (endorsed Trump)
Withdrawn party nominations:
We the People Party (NC, PA)
Natural Law Party of Michigan[h] (MI)
Alliance Party (SC)
Reform Party (FL)
  Certified for ballot (32 states, 283 electors)[liv]
  Petition awaiting certification (Two states, 15 electors)[lv]
  Automatic write-in (Three states, 26 electors)[lvi]
  Not on ballot
  Removed name from ballot (16 states, 212 electors)[lvii]

Nominating processes

Yard signs in Southington, Connecticut promoting third-party 2024 candidates.

Schedule

Third-party nomination schedule
Date Party nomination event
May 9, 2023 Prohibition Party presidential nominating convention
June 1, 2023 American Solidarity Party online primary
April 6, 2024 Unity Party of America nominating convention
April 13, 2024 Unity Party of Colorado[i] nominating convention
April 17, 2024 Natural Law Party nominating convention
April 27, 2024 Constitution Party nominating convention
May 23, 2024 Reform National Convention
May 25, 2024 Constitution Party of Oregon nominating Convention
May 26, 2024 Libertarian National Convention
May 30, 2024 Approval Voting Party nominating convention
June 1, 2024 Pirate National Convention
June 23, 2024 Green Party of Alaska Nominating Meeting
August 3, 2024 Constitution Party of Idaho Nominating Convention[j]
August 3, 2024 Peace and Freedom Party state central committee meeting
August 15, 2024 Green National Convention

Libertarian Party

Main article: 2024 Libertarian Party presidential primaries

The Libertarian Party participated in multiple non-binding preference primaries in this election cycle. The party's presidential and vice presidential nominees were chosen directly by delegates at the 2024 Libertarian National Convention, held on Memorial Day weekend from May 24 to 26, 2024, in Washington, D.C.[96][97]

Prior to the LP 2024 National Convention, 38 candidates filed with the Federal Election Commission to run for the Libertarian Party presidential nomination in 2024.[98]

Nominee

2024 Libertarian Party nominee
Name Born Experience Home state Campaign
Announcement date 		Contests
won 		Popular
vote 		Running
mate[k] 		Ref.

Chase Oliver 		August 16, 1985
(age 39)
Nashville, Tennessee 		Nominee for U.S. Senator from Georgia in 2022
Candidate for GA-05 in 2020
Chair of the Atlanta Libertarian Party (2016–2017) 		 Georgia
Campaign
Website
April 5, 2023
FEC filing[99] 		6
(IA, IN, AZ, OK, CT, NE) 		3,498 (8.6%) Mike ter Maat[100][l] [102]

Eliminated at convention

This section includes candidates who filed paperwork with the Federal Election Commission with intent to run under the Libertarian Party and who met one or more of the following criteria: a) meet Wikipedia's notability guidelines; b) participated in at least three Libertarian Party-sponsored debates; or c) received non-trivial media coverage as a candidate in this election cycle.

Eliminated in convention balloting
Candidate Born Experience Home state Campaign announced
Announcement date 		Campaign suspended
Suspension date 		Contests
won 		Popular
vote 		Ref.
No preference/
None of the above/
Uncommitted 		N/A May 26, 2024 (eliminated in seventh balloting) 2
(NC, MA) 		6,384 (15.7%) [103]

Michael
Rectenwald 		January 29, 1959
(age 65)
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 		Author and Scholar
Former New York University professor (2008–2019) 		 Pennsylvania
August 28, 2023
FEC filing[104] 		May 26, 2024 (eliminated in sixth balloting) 2
(MS, AL) 		943 (2.3%) [105]


Mike ter Maat

June 20, 1961
(age 63)
Portland, Oregon 		Economist
Former Hallandale Beach, Florida police officer
Nominee for FL-20 in 2022 		 Virginia
April 18, 2022
FEC filing[106] 		May 26, 2024 (eliminated during fifth balloting; endorsed Oliver during balloting)
(ran for vice-president) 		1
(PA) 		589 (1.5%)

Lars Mapstead
Lars Mapstead

August 14, 1969
(age 55)
Monterey, California 		Co-founder of Friend Finder Networks
Founder of Fupa Games and Legendary Speed[107] 		 California

March 23, 2021
FEC filing[108]
Running mate: Larry Sharpe[109]

May 26, 2024 (eliminated during fourth balloting; endorsed Oliver after his nomination) 2
(ME, NM) 		1,226 (3.0%) [110]


Joshua Smith

March 13, 1983
(age 41)
Antioch, California 		Vice Chair of the Libertarian National Committee
(2022–2023) 		 Iowa

July 24, 2023
FEC filing[111]

May 26, 2024 (eliminated during third balloting) 1
(MN) 		416 (1.0%) [105]

Jacob Hornberger		 January 28, 1950
(age 74)
Laredo, Texas 		Founder and President of the Future of Freedom Foundation
Independent candidate for U.S. Senate from Virginia in 2002
Candidate for President in 2000 and 2020 		 Virginia
February 20, 2023
FEC filing[112] 		May 26, 2024 (eliminated during second balloting) 0 2,043 (5.0%) [105]

Charles Ballay

January 1, 1970
(age 54)
New Orleans, Louisiana 		Otolaryngologist  Louisiana
August 24, 2023
FEC filing[113] 		May 26, 2024 (eliminated during initial balloting; endorsed Oliver after his nomination) 1
(CA) 		22,337 (55.1%) [114]

Art Olivier

August 24, 1957
(age 67)
Lynwood, California 		Nominee for U.S. Vice President in 2000
Nominee for Governor of California in 2006
Mayor of Bellflower, California (1998–1999) 		 California

December 11, 2023
FEC filing[115]

May 26, 2024 (eliminated during initial balloting) 0 5 (nil%) [116]


Withdrew before the primaries

Former candidates in the 2024 Libertarian Party presidential primaries
Name Born Experience Home state Campaign
announced 		Campaign
suspended 		Campaign Ref.

Joe Exotic 		March 5, 1963
(age 60)
Garden City, Kansas 		Businessman and media personality
Owner of the Greater Wynnewood Exotic Animal Park (1998–2018)
Independent candidate for president in 2016
Candidate for Governor of Oklahoma in 2018 		 Texas March 10, 2023 April 11, 2023
(ran for the Democratic nomination)[117]
FEC filing[118] 		[119]

Green Party

Main article: 2024 Green Party presidential primaries

The Green Party is holding a series of presidential primaries through which convention delegates will be awarded to candidates and will nominate the party's presidential ticket at the 2024 Green National Convention,[120] which is scheduled to take place as a virtual event from August 15 to 18, 2024.[121]

The individuals listed below are declared candidates who have filed paperwork with the Federal Election Commission with intent to run under the Green Party and who meet one or more of the following criteria: a) meet Wikipedia's notability guidelines; b) have participated (or have been invited to participate) in at least two Green Party-sponsored debates or c) have received non-trivial media coverage as a candidate in this election cycle.

Green nominee for the 2024 presidential election
Name Born Experience Home state Campaign
Announcement date 		Contests won Delegates Popular vote Running mate Ref.

Jill Stein 		May 14, 1950
(age 74)
Chicago, Illinois 		Nominee for president in 2012 and 2016
Member of the Lexington Town Meeting from the 2nd Precinct
Activist 		 Massachusetts
Campaign
November 9, 2023
FEC filing[122][123] 		20 (KS, PA, CA, IL, AZ, NY, WA, NV, TX, WI, CT, TN, OH, MD, NJ, NM, UT, WV, IN, DC) Pledged: 182 (91.9%)
Convention: 267 (91.1%) 		16,597 (96.5%) Butch Ware [124]
Other candidates in the 2024 Green Party presidential primaries
Name Born Experience Home state Campaign
Announcement date 		Contests won Delegates Popular vote Running mate Ref.
Other candidates formally recognized by GPUS[125]

Jasmine Sherman 		August 17, 1985
(age 39)
Queens, New York 		Executive Director of Greater Charlotte Rise  North Carolina
February 18, 2022
FEC filing[126][127] 		None Pledged: 10 (5.1%)
Convention: 13 (4.5%) 		72 (0.4%) Tanda Blubear[128] [129][130]

Jorge Zevala 		unknown Businessman  California October 13, 2023
FEC filing[131] 		None None 18 (0.1%) [129][130]
Alternate ballot options:
None of the above N/A 1 (MT) Pledged: 6 (2.5%)
Convention: 10 (3.4%) 		505 (2.9%)

Constitution Party

Main article: 2024 Constitution Party presidential primaries

The Constitution Party held its presidential nominating convention on April 24–27, 2024, in Salt Lake City, Utah.[132][133]

Eight candidates sought the nomination:[134]

Jim Harvey of Georgia (who ultimately did not seek the nomination), Joel Skousen, and Randall Terry participated in an April 6 debate in Dearborn, Michigan.[138][139]

Terry won the nomination by securing a majority in the first round. The votes largely broke down along geographic lines. Skousen, who is from Utah, received all 61 votes from the delegations of the Four Corners states, but only 19 votes from the rest of the country combined. The only state delegations he carried outside of the region were New Hampshire and West Virginia. Venable won the majority of votes from South Carolina and his home state of Missouri and Daniel Cummings won a plurality in his home state of Wyoming. The remaining ten delegations were all won by Terry.[134]

Pastor and political commentator Stephen Broden, who was running on a ticket with Terry, received the vice presidential nomination via voice vote.[140]

Aside from the presidential nomination, much of the debate at the convention focused on an ultimately defeated amendment by Skousen to remove references to God from the party platform.[141]

2024 Constitution Party Presidential Nomination Vote
Candidate Votes Percentage
Randall Terry 144 54.55%
Joel Skousen 80 30.30%
Paul Venable 32 12.12%
Daniel Cummings 4 1.52%
Brandon McIntyre 2 0.76%
Samm Tittle 2 0.76%
Louis C. Hook 0 0.00%
Ben Stewart 0 0.00%
Total: 264 100.00%
Source:[142][better source needed]
Constitution Party vice presidential nomination
Candidate Votes Percentage
Stephen Broden Nominated via Voice Vote
Source:[140]

The Constitution Party received 60,023 votes in the 2020 election.

The Nevada, Utah and Idaho[citation needed] state parties split from the national party and nominated Skousen.[143]


American Independent Party

The American Independent Party held a non-binding presidential preference primary in California on March 5, 2024. James Bradley was the only candidate listed on the ballot and defeated Andrew George Rummel, who was a recognized write-in candidate.[144][145]

2024 California American Independent primary[146]
Candidate Votes Percentage
James Bradley 45,565 99.96%
Andrew George Rummel (write-in) 16 0.04%
Total: 45,581 100.0%

On April 29, 2024, the party announced that it had nominated independent presidential candidate Robert F. Kennedy Jr.[147][148]

Main article: 2024 Minnesota Legal Marijuana Now presidential primary

The Legal Marijuana Now Party held its first-ever presidential nomination primary in Minnesota on Super Tuesday, March 5. This was the first presidential primary to be held in Minnesota for a third party since 1916.[149] Krystal Gabel withdrew from the race during Legal Marijuana Now Party's candidate filing discussions. When Gabel asked to be removed from the ballot, after early voting had started on January 19, 2024, the Minnesota Secretary of State's office stated that changes cannot be made to the list of candidates after the list was certified 63 days prior to the election, and Gabel's name remained on ballots.[150]

Five candidates appeared on the ballot:

Of Minnesota's three major political parties, all of which included a write in option for their 2024 nominating primaries, only the Legal Marijuana Now party submitted to the Secretary of State a write in name to be counted, singer-songwriter Willie Nelson.[152]

2024 Minnesota Legal Marijuana Now primary
Candidate Votes Percentage Delegates
Krystal Gabel (withdrawn) 759 28.84% -
Dennis Schuller 459 17.44% 7
Vermin Supreme 397 15.08% 6
Rudy Reyes 365 13.87% 5
Edward Forchion 168 6.38% 2
Willie Nelson (write-in) 19 0.72% 0
Other write-ins 465 17.67% -
Total: 2,632 100.00% 20
Source:[153]

Gabel won a plurality of the vote (28.8%), but withdrew ahead of the primary. Of declared candidates, Dennis Schuller finished in the lead, with 17.4%.[154] At the state convention in Bloomington on July 6, Schuller was later chosen as the presidential nominee, with Reyes as his running mate.[155] However, the party lost automatic ballot access in a May 2024 ruling by the Minnesota Supreme Court, meaning party officials would have to petition for ballot access.[156]

The party is also ballot-qualified in Nebraska, but no candidates qualified for the May 14 primary. Instead, the state affiliate party nominated Cornel West.[157]

Peace and Freedom Party

Main article: 2024 United States presidential election in California § Peace and Freedom primary

The Peace and Freedom Party held a non-binding preference primary in California on Super Tuesday, March 5. Claudia De la Cruz, the nominee of the Party for Socialism and Liberation, won the primary with a plurality, defeating Jasmine Sherman and Cornel West.[158] The party's presidential nominee, chosen by the state central committee in August, is Claudia De la Cruz.[citation needed]

2024 California Peace and Freedom primary[159]
Candidate Votes Percentage
Claudia De la Cruz 6,430 47.0%
Cornel West 5,455 39.9%
Jasmine Sherman 1,795 13.1%
Total: 13,680 100.0%

American Solidarity Party

The American Solidarity Party announced on June 2, 2023, that Peter Sonski had won their party's online primary, which lasted from May 24 to June 1. Sonski was nominated in the first round of ranked-choice voting with 52%. Sonski then selected Lauren Onak as his vice president, who was then officially nominated via unanimous consent.

American Solidarity Party presidential nomination
Candidate Votes Percentage
Peter Sonski 328 52.5%
Jacqueline Abernathy 207 33.1
Joe Schriner 50 8.0
Larry Johnson 24 3.8
Erskine Levi 16 2.6
Total: 625 100.00%
Source:[160]
American Solidarity Party vice presidential nomination
Candidate Votes Percentage
Lauren Onak Nominated via Unanimous Consent
Source:[161]

Approval Voting Party

The Approval Voting Party received 409 votes for president in 2020.[162] It is currently only ballot-approved in Colorado.[163] On March 16, the party nominated Blake Huber for president and Andrea Denault for vice president.[164]

Green Mountain Peace and Justice

The Green Mountain Peace and Justice Party is a regional ballot-qualified party in Vermont which has regularly nominated candidates for president since 1972.[165] It nominated Gloria La Riva, the PSL nominee, in 2020. She received 166 votes in Vermont.[162] On April 28, the party nominated independent candidate Cornel West for president.[166]

Natural Law Party

Michigan party

The Michigan Natural Law Party held its nominating convention on April 17, 2024, where it nominated independent candidate Robert F. Kennedy Jr. for President and Nicole Shanahan for Vice President. Party chairman Doug Dern claimed fellow independent candidate Cornel West also sought the party's ballot access.[167]

In 2020, the Michigan party nominated Alliance Party nominee Rocky De La Fuente, who received 2,986 votes in Michigan.

Florida party

The party is also presidential ballot-qualified in Florida. The Florida party did not nominate a candidate in the 2020 election.[168]

Prohibition Party

The Prohibition Party held its presidential nominating convention on May 8–9, 2023, in Buffalo, New York. Three candidates stood for nomination; Michael Wood was nominated on the first ballot.[169]

Prohibition Party presidential nomination
Candidate Votes Percentage
Michael Wood 8 61.5%
Zack Kusnir 4 30.8%
Scott Baier 0 0.0%
Jay Rockefeller (write-in) 1 7.7%
Total: 13 100.00%
Source:[170]
Prohibition Party vice presidential nomination
Candidate Votes Percentage
John Petrowski Nominated via Unanimous Consent
Source:[170]

Unity Party

The Bill Hammons-led faction of the Unity Party of America nominated Paul Noel Fiorino and Matthew May for president and vice president respectively at the 7th United National Convention over Google Meet on April 6, 2024.[171]

However, the Colorado faction of the party, which has the party's ballot access, met on April 13, 2024, and nominated independent candidate Cornel West for president and his running mate, Melina Abdullah for vice president.[172][173][better source needed]

Unity Party of Colorado Presidential Nomination
Candidate Percentage
Cornel West 95%
Paul Noel Fiorino 5%
Total: 100.00%
Source:[173]

Withdrew before convention:

  • Bill Hammons, co-founder and chairman of the Unity Party; nominee for president in 2020[174]
  • Donnie Harold Harris, business owner and write-in candidate for governor of Indiana in 2012[174]

The party is currently only ballot-approved in Colorado.[163] In 2020, party co-founder Bill Hammons was on the ballot in three states and received 6,647 votes.[162]

Alliance Party

The Alliance Party received 88,236 votes for president in 2020.[162] It and its affiliates are ballot-qualified in Alaska, Connecticut, and South Carolina.[175][176][177]

Green Party of Alaska

The Green Party of Alaska is unaffiliated with the Green Party of the United States and is not ballot-qualified in Alaska.[176] The party nominated Jesse Ventura for president in 2020 and received 2,673 votes.[178]

Jasmine Sherman and Tanda BluBear were nominated as president and vice president, respectively.[179][better source needed]

The party has hosted a series of debates featuring the following candidates seeking the nomination:[180]

Liberal Party

The Liberal Party, formerly the Association of State Liberty Parties, has qualified state parties in Massachusetts and New Mexico which were, until 2022, affiliated with the national Libertarian Party.[192][193] These parties received a combined 59,598 votes in the two states.

Potential candidates

  • Chase Oliver, 2024 Libertarian Party nominee for president[194]
  • Charles Ballay, 2024 Libertarian presidential candidate[194]

Declined to be candidates

No Labels

Main article: No Labels § 2024 presidential ticket

The following individuals have declined to be candidates for the No Labels unity ticket. On April 4, 2024, the organization announced it would not run a presidential campaign.[195]

Third party

The following notable individuals have been the subject of speculation about their possible candidacies, but have publicly denied interest in running.

Debates and forums

2024 Free & Equal debates
No. Date & Time Location Participants

 P  Participant  A  Absent invitee
 I  Invitee  N  Not invited
 W  Withdrawn  NYD  Not yet declared

Democratic Republican Independent Libertarian Green Independent PSL Constitution Other
Kamala Harris Donald Trump Robert F. Kennedy Jr. Chase Oliver Jill Stein Cornel West Claudia De la Cruz Randall Terry See note
1 February 29, 2024 New York City NYD N A P P A P N P[m]
2 July 12, 2024 Las Vegas NYD A A P P A N P A[n]
3 September 18, 2024 Los Angeles, California I I W[o] I I TBD TBD I TBD

February 29 debate (New York City)

The Free & Equal Elections Foundation hosted a multiparty debate on February 29, 2024, in New York City, New York moderated by Caitlin Sinclair, Jason Palmer and Christina Tobin. Socialism and Liberation nominee Claudia De la Cruz, Libertarian candidates Chase Oliver and Lars Mapstead, and Green candidates Jill Stein and Jasmine Sherman attended. Independent candidates Robert F. Kennedy Jr. and Cornel West were also invited but did not attend.[234][235]

2nd Free and Equal Presidential debate
From left to right: Oliver, Stein, and Terry
Date(s)July 12, 2024
Durationc. 1 hour and 50 minutes
LocationLas Vegas, Nevada
ParticipantsChase Oliver
Jill Stein
Randall Terry
Footage[1]
Moderator(s)Christina Tobin and Thomas Massie

July 12 debate (Las Vegas)

Free and Equal hosted a second debate on July 12, 2024, at FreedomFest in Las Vegas, Nevada moderated by the foundation's chair, Christina Tobin and congressman Thomas Massie.[236][237]

Candidates invited to the debate were: Biden, Kennedy, Oliver, Stein, Terry, Trump, and West.[236]

Oliver, Stein, and Terry participated.[236]

September 18 debate (Los Angeles)

The Free and Equal Foundation plans to host a third debate on September 18, 2024 in Los Angeles hosted by former U.S. Comptroller General David M. Walker and Free & Equal founder Christina Tobin were announced as co-hosts.[238]

As of August 30, Terry, Stein, and Oliver had accepted invites to the debate, while Trump, Harris, and Kennedy Jr. (who withdrew between his invite and the debate date) had not.[239]

Forums

The Muslim Civic Coalition hosted a forum featuring Jill Stein and Cornel West on February 3 in Oak Brook, Illinois. The organization claimed all presidential candidates were invited to attend.[240]

The Abandon Biden movement held an online forum on June 13 featuring Jill Stein,[241] Cornel West,[242] and Claudia de la Cruz[243] focused on promoting "pro-Palestine" candidates for President.[244][245]

Ballot access

Main article: Ballot access in the 2024 United States presidential election

Polling

Main articles: Nationwide opinion polling for the 2024 United States presidential election and Statewide opinion polling for the 2024 United States presidential election

Aggregate polls

This table will only include polling aggregates that tracks at least one third-party candidate.

Poll source Since As of Kamala
Harris
DEM 		Donald
Trump
GOP 		Robert F.
Kennedy Jr
IND[p] 		Jill
Stein
GRN 		Cornel
West
IND[q] 		Margin
538 July 24, 2024 August 9, 2024 45.5% 43.4% 5.1% – – Harris +2.0%
RCP July 22, 2024 August 9, 2024 45.3% 44.5% 5.5% 0.9% 0.6% Harris +0.8%
TH/DDHQ July 7, 2024 August 9, 2024 46.7% 43.5% 3.4% – – Harris +3.2%
SB July 1, 2024 August 9, 2024 46.3% 43.9% 4.1% – – Harris +2.4%
RTTWH July 8, 2024 August 9, 2024 45.7% 43.5% 5.4% 0.8% 0.5% Harris +2.2%
NYT July 17, 2024 August 9, 2024 45% 43% 5% – – Harris +2%

Individual polls

2024 hypothetical polling with Harris
Hypothetical polling with third-party and independent candidates
Poll source Date(s)
administered 		Sample
size 		Kamala
Harris 		Donald
Trump 		Cornel
West 		Robert F.
Kennedy Jr 		Jill
Stein 		Chase
Oliver 		Other Undecided Margin
RMG Research/Napolitan Institute August 5–7, 2024 2000 (RV) 47% 46% – 2% – – 2%[r] 3% Harris +1%
Ipsos August 2–7, 2024 1342 (RV) 42% 37% – 4% – – 6%[s] 10% Harris +5%
YouGov/The Economist August 4–6, 2024 1413 (LV) 45% 43% 0% 2% 1% – 3%[t] 6% Harris +2%
ActiVote July 30 – August 6, 2024 1000 (LV) 45.0% 44.4% – 10.5% – – – – Harris +0.6%
NPR/PBS/Marist August 1–4, 2024 1309 (LV) 49% 45% 0% 5% 0% 0% – 1% Harris +4%
TIPP Insights/Issues & Insights July 31 – August 2, 2024 1326 (RV) 44% 42% 1% 7% 1% – 1% 4% Harris +2%
YouGov/CBS News July 30 – August 2, 2024 3092 (LV) 49% 47% 0% 2% 0% 0% – 2% Harris +2%
YouGov/University of Massachusetts July 29 – August 1, 2024 1000 (RV) 46% 43% – 6% – – – 5% Harris +3%
RMG Research July 29–31, 2024 3000 (RV) 47% 42% – 6% – – – 5% Harris +5%
YouGov/The Economist July 27–30, 2024 1434 (RV) 46% 44% 0% 5% 0% – 2%[u] 5% Harris +2%
Redfield & Wilton Strategies July 29, 2024 1750 (LV) 45% 43% – 5% – – – 4% Harris +2%
American Pulse Research July 26–29, 2024 1035 (LV) 46% 47% 1% 3% 1% 0% 1% 2% Trump +1%
ActiVote July 24–29, 2024 1000 (LV) 44% 46% – 10% – – – – Trump +2%
McLaughlin & Associates July 23–29, 2024 1000 (LV) 41% 42% 1% 8% 1% 1% 7% – Trump +1%
Big Data/Public Polling Project July 26–28, 2024 2919 (LV) 44% 45% 2% 7% 1% 2% – – Trump +1%
Leger July 26–28, 2024 786 (RV) 48% 41% 1% 5% 1% – – 3% Harris +7%
Harvard/HarrisX July 26–28, 2024 2196 (RV) 43% 47% 1% 8% 1% – – – Trump +4%
Ipsos/With Honor July 24–25, 2024 1238 (A) 38% 38% – 4% – – 12%[v] 9% Even
Redfield and Wilton July 23–25, 2024 1750 (LV) 45% 43% – 5% – – 1% 4% Harris +2%
Mainstreet Research/FAU July 26–27, 2024 936 (LV) 44% 43% – 8% – – 1% 3% Harris +1%
Atlas Intel July 23–25, 2024 1980 (RV) 46% 48% 0% 5% – – – 2% Trump +2%
Fabrizio Lee & Associates/GBAO/The Wall Street Journal July 23–25, 2024 1000 (RV) 45% 44% 1% 4% 1% 0% – 5% Harris +1%
HarrisX/Forbes July 22–25, 2024 2472 (LV) 45% 46% 1% 8% 1% – – 6% Trump +1%
New York Times/Siena July 22–24, 2024 1142 (LV) 44% 43% 0% 5% 1% – 1%
(I wouldn't vote) 		5% Harris +1%
The 19th/Survey Monkey July 22–24, 2024 5265 (A) 38% 39% 1% 6% 1% – 2%
(Refused) 		14% Trump +1%
Big Village July 22–24, 2024 1492 (LV) 43% 44% 1% 6% 1% – 1%
(I wouldn't vote) 		4% Trump +1%
Reuters/Ipsos July 22–23, 2024 1018 (RV) 42% 38% – 8% – – 5%
(I wouldn't vote) 		6% Harris +4%
The Times/SAY/YouGov July 22–23, 2024 1155 (LV) 44% 46% 0% 4% 1% – 1%
(I would not vote) 		3% Trump +2%
NPR/PBS/Marist July 22, 2024 846 (LV) 45% 43% 1% 7% 0% 0% – 3% Harris +2%
The Economist/YouGov July 21–23, 2024 1435 (RV) 41% 44% 1% 5% 1% – 3%[w] 5% Trump +3%
Yahoo!/YouGov July 19–22, 2024 1178 (RV) 41% 43% 1% 5% 1% 1% 1% 6% Trump +2%
On Points Politics/SoCal Research July 21, 2024 800 (RV) 37% 43% – 9% 3% 4% – 4% Trump +6%
Quinnipiac July 19–21, 2024 1257 (RV) 41% 45% 1% 6% 2% 1% 2%[x] 1% Trump +4%
Mainstreet Research/FAU July 19–21, 2024 711 (LV) 39% 45% – 9% – – 3% 3% Trump +6%
The Economist/YouGov July 13–16, 2024 1398 (RV) 39% 44% 1% 5% 2% – 3%[y] 7% Trump +5%
Big Village July 12–14, 2024 1499 (LV) 37.3% 41.6% 1.8% 9.2% 2.1% – 0.9%
(I would not vote) 		7.0% Trump +4.3%
Redfield & Wilton July 8, 2024 1500 (RV) 37% 44% – 8% – 1% 3%[z] 6% Trump +7%
Manhattan Institute July 7–13, 2024 2100 (LV) 36% 44% 1% 6% – 1% 8%[aa] 5% Trump +8%
The Economist/YouGov July 7–9, 2024 1440 (RV) 38% 42% 1% 5% – 2% 6%[ab] 7% Trump +5%
2024 hypothetical polling
Hypothetical polling with third-party and independent candidates
Poll source Date(s)
administered 		Sample
size 		Joe
Biden 		Donald
Trump 		Nikki
Haley 		Cornel
West 		Robert F.
Kennedy Jr 		Joe
Manchin 		Jill
Stein 		Other Undecided Margin
July 21, 2024 Joe Biden ends his re-election campaign
Reuters/Ipsos July 16, 2024 992 (RV) 39% 40% – – 11% – – 6%[ac] 4% Trump +1%
Emerson College/Democrats for the Next Generation July 15–16, 2024 2000 (RV) 37.8% 43.8% – 0.7% 6.6% – 0.7% 0.4%
(Chase Oliver) 		10.0% Trump +6.0%
The Economist/YouGov July 13–16, 2024 1398 (RV) 41% 43% – 1% 4% – 1% 3%[ad] 7% Trump +2%
Redfield & Wilton July 15, 2024 3500 (RV) 42% 43% – – 6% – – 2% 6% Trump +1%
Harris X July 13–15, 2024 1918 (RV) 37% 41% – 2% 12% – 1% – 7% Trump +4%
ActiVote July 7–15, 2024 1000 (LV) 41.4% 43.4% – – 15.1% – – – – Trump +2.0%
Big Village July 12–14, 2024 1499 (LV) 40.9% 40.8% – 0.9% 8.5% – 1.2% 0.5%
(I would not vote) 		7.0% Biden +0.1%
July 13, 2024 Thomas Matthew Crooks attempts to assassinate Donald Trump
Manhattan Institute July 7–13, 2024 2100 (LV) 40% 44% – 1% 5% – 1% 5%[ae] 5% Trump +4%
The Center Square/Noble Predictive July 8–11, 2024 2300 (LV) 40% 43% – 1% 7% – 1% – 7% Trump +3%
NPR/PBS/Marist July 9–10, 2024 954 (LV) 45% 45% – 2% 6% – 1% – 1% Even
Fox News July 7–10, 2024 1210 (RV) 41% 44% – 1% 10% – 3% – 2% Trump +3%
The Economist/YouGov July 7–9, 2024 1440 (RV) 40% 43% – 1% 4% – 1% 3%[af] 8% Trump +3%
NBC News July 7–9, 2024 800 (RV) 37% 40% – 1% 10% – 3% 5%[ag] 4% Trump +3%
ABC News/Washington Post/Ipsos July 5−9, 2024 2041 (RV) 42% 43% – 2% 10% – 2% 3% – Trump +1%
Redfield & Wilton July 8, 2024 1500 (RV) 42% 43% – – 6% – – 2% 6% Trump +1%
Emerson College July 7–8, 2024 1370 (RV) 39.9% 43.7% – 1.2% 6.1% – 0.8% – 8.4% Trump +3.8%
Pew Research July 1–7, 2024 7729 (RV) 40% 44% – – 15% – – 2% – Trump +4%
Lord Ashcroft June 28 – July 7, 2024 4347 (RV) 44% 42% – 1% 10% – 1% 3% – Biden +2%
Data For Progress/Split Ticket July 1–3, 2024 2067 (LV) 40% 41% – 1% 10% – 1% 1%
(Chase Oliver) 		6% Trump +1%
J.L. Partners/Daily Mail July 1–3, 2024 1000 (LV) 37% 43% – 2% 7% – 2% 2%
(Chase Oliver) 		7% Trump +6%
Cygnal July 1–2, 2024 1500 (LV) 38.1% 43.5% – 2.1% 7.1% – 2.0% – 7.2% Trump +5.4%
The Economist/YouGov June 30 – July 2, 2024 1386 (RV) 40% 42% – 1% 5% – 1% 3%[ah] 8% Trump +2%
GBAO/WSJ/Fabrizio Lee June 29 – July 2, 2024 1500 (RV) 36% 42% – 2% 7% – 2% 1%
(Chase Oliver) 		11% Trump +6%
CBS News/YouGov June 28 – July 2, 2024 2815 (LV) 40% 44% – 2% 11% – 3% 0% 0% Trump +4%
NY Times/Siena June 28 – July 2, 2024 1532 (LV) 37% 42% – <0.5% 8% – 2% 3%[ai] 6% Trump +5%
Florida Atlantic/Mainstreet Research June 29–30, 2024 869 (LV) 39% 42% – – 10% – – 4% 5% Trump +3%
HarrisX/Forbes June 28–30, 2024 1192 (LV) 38% 43% – – 14% – – – 4% Trump +5%
CNN/SSRS June 28–30, 2024 1045 (RV) 35% 41% – 2% 14% – 3% 4%[aj] – Trump +6%
Suffolk University/USA Today June 28–30, 2024 1000 (RV) 38% 41% – 1% 8% – 1% 2%[ak] 8% Trump +3%
Harvard/Harris June 28–30, 2024 2090 (RV) 35% 43% – 2% 10% – 1% – 9% Trump +8%
Big Village June 28–30, 2024 723 (LV) 41.2% 41.6% – 0.9% 8.7% – – 1.2%
(I would not vote) 		6.5% Trump +0.4%
Patriot Polling June 27–29, 2024 1029 (RV) 40.5% 44.3% – – 11.2% – – – 4.0% Trump +3.8%
On Point Politics/SoCal Research June 27, 2024 600 (RV) 35% 41% – 2% 8% – 2% 1%
(Chase Oliver) 		10% Trump +6%
June 27, 2024 First presidential debate between Trump and Biden is held
Atlas/CNN Brazil June 26–28, 2024 1634 (RV) 40.3% 45.5% – 0.7% 10.3% – 0.5% 0.8%
(Won't vote) 		2.0% Trump +5.2%
I&I/Tipp June 26–28, 2024 1244 (RV) 40% 39% – 2% 10% – 1% 2% 5% Biden +1%
Lord Ashcroft May 31 – June 27 4067 (RV) 42% 41% – 1% 10% – 1% 4% – Biden +1%
The Economist/YouGov June 23–25, 2024 1403 (RV) 42% 42% – 0% 4% – 1% 2%[al] 8% Even
NY Times/Siena June 20–25, 2024 1226 (LV) 37% 40% – <0.5% 7% – 2% 3%[am] 9% Trump +3%
Leger/New York Post June 22–24, 2024 873 (LV) 38% 38% – 2% 7% – 2% – 13% Even
Quinnipiac June 20–24, 2024 1405 (RV) 37% 43% – 2% 11% – 2% 3%[an] 2% Trump +6%
America's New Majority/McLaughlin June 20–24, 2024 2000 (RV) 38.8% 40.3% – 1.6% 8.3% – 1.0% 0.5%
(Chase Oliver) 		9.5% Trump +1.5%
McLaughlin & Associates June 18–24, 2024 1000 (LV) 37% 39% – 2% 10% – 2% 1.0%
(Chase Oliver) 		9% Trump +2%
George Washington University June 11–24, 2024 2750 (RV) 44.3% 41.9% – 0.8% 4.6% – 1.0% 2.4%[ao] 4.9%
ActiVote June 5–21, 2024 2192 (LV) 42.1% 43.7% – – 14.2% – – – – Trump +1.6%
The Economist/YouGov June 16–18, 2024 1392 (RV) 42% 42% – 1% 4% – 1% 3%[ap] 8% Even
Redfield & Wilton June 16–17, 2024 1500 (RV) 41% 41% – – 7% – – 2% 8% Even
Fox News June 14–17, 2024 1095 (RV) 43% 42% – 2% 10% – 2% – 1% Biden +1%
Ipsos/Reuters June 12, 2024 930 (RV) 37% 38% – – 10% – – 6%
(I wouldn't vote) 		10% Trump +1%
Redfield & Wilton June 11–12, 2024 1500 (RV) 41% 40% – – 7% – – 7% 3% Biden +1%
NPR/PBS/Marist June 10–12, 2024 963 (LV) 43% 44% – 2% 9% – 1% 0%
(Chase Oliver) 		1% Trump +1%
Echelon Insights June 10–12, 2024 1013 (LV) 42% 43% – 2% 7% – 2% – 3% Trump +1%
The Economist/YouGov June 9–11, 2024 1398 (RV) 40% 42% – 1% 3% – 1% 3%[aq] 9% Trump +2%
SSRS/Vanderbilt June 7–10, 2024 1031 (A) 30% 33% – – 10% – – 16%[ar] 12% Trump +3%
Big Village June 7–9, 2024 1423 (LV) 42.5% 42.2% – 1.4% 7.4% – – 0.8%
(I would not vote) 		5.7% Biden +0.3%
Cygnal June 4–6, 2024 1500 (LV) 38.4% 41.2% – 2.3% 8.4% – 1.8% – 7.9% Trump +2.8%
Emerson College June 4–5, 2024 1000 (RV) 38% 44% – 1% 6% – 1% – 9% Trump +6%
The Economist/YouGov June 2–4, 2024 1565 (RV) 42% 42% – 1% 3% – 1% 2%[as] 8% Even
ActiVote May 23 – June 4, 2024 1775 (LV) 41.6% 45.4% – – 13.1% – – – – Trump +3.8%
Ipsos/Reuters May 30–31, 2024 2135 (RV) 39% 37% – – 10% – – 5%
(I wouldn't vote) 		8% Biden +2%
HarrisX/Forbes May 30–31, 2024 1006 (RV) 38% 40% – 1% 11% – 1% – 8% Trump +2%
I&I/Tipp May 29–31, 2024 1675 (RV) 38% 38% – 1% 10% – 2% 2% 9% Even
Lord Ashcroft May 17–30, 2024 8153 (RV) 44% 40% – 1% 10% – 1% 3% – Biden +1%
The Economist/YouGov May 25–28, 2024 1546 (RV) 40% 41% – 1% 4% – 1% 3%[at] 10% Trump +1%
McLaughlin & Associates/Lawrence Kadish May 21–23, 2024 1000 (LV) 38% 42% – 2% 9% – 2% 1%
(Lars Mapstead) 		6% Trump +4%
NPR/PBS/Marist May 21–23, 2024 907 (LV) 43% 46% – 2% 5% – 2% – 2% Trump +3%
Emerson College May 21–23, 2024 1100 (RV) 39% 44% – 1% 6% – 1% – 10% Trump +5%
The Economist/YouGov May 19–21, 2024 1558 (RV) 40% 41% – 1% 5% – 1% 4%[au] 10% Trump +1%
Independent Center May 16–21, 2024 1000 (RV) 39% 42% – – 13% – – – 6% Trump +3%
ActiVote May 6–21, 2024 1153 (LV) 42.1% 44.9% – – 13% – – – – Trump +2.8%
Quinnipiac May 16–20, 2024 1374 (RV) 41% 38% – 2% 14% – 2% 2%[av] 2% Biden +3%
Harvard/Harris X May 15–16, 2024 1660 (RV) 39% 43% – – 12% – – – 5% Trump +4%
Cygnal May 14–16, 2024 1500 (LV) 37.7% 40.8% – 2.3% 8.8% – 2.4% – 8.0% Trump +3.1%
Echelon Insights May 13–16, 2024 1023 (LV) 38% 43% – 1% 9% – 3% – 6% Trump +5%
McLaughlin & Associates May 9–15, 2024 1000 (LV) 36% 38% – 3% 11% – 2% 1%
(Lars Mapstead) 		9% Trump +2%
Marquette Law May 6–15, 2024 624 (LV) 41% 44% – 2% 11% – 2% – – Trump +3%
America's New Majority/McLaughlin & Associates May 10–14, 2024 2000 (RV) 37.6% 39.3% – 1.9% 8.9% – 1.4% 0.6%
(Lars Mapstead) 		10.3% Trump +1.8%
Redfield & Wilton May 13, 2024 1155 (LV) 43% 42% – – 5% – – – 6% Biden +1%
Ipsos May 7–13, 2024 1730 (RV) 37% 35% – – 5% – – 7%[aw] 17% Biden +2%
RMG Research May 6–9, 2024 2000 (RV) 42% 39% – – 11% – – 3% 6% Biden +3%
Big Village May 3–8, 2024 2867 (LV) 41.9% 40.6% – 1.2% 8.8% – – 0.6%
(I would not vote) 		6.9% Biden +1.3%
I&I/Tipp May 1–3, 2024 1264 (RV) 39% 38% – 1% 12% – 1% 2% 7% Biden +1%
Redfield & Wilton May 1, 2024 1133 (LV) 41% 43% – – 7% – – – 5% Trump +2%
Suffolk University/USA Today April 30 – May 3, 2024 1000 (RV) 36.7% 37.1% – 1.6% 8.0% – 1.2% 3.3%[ax] 12.1% Trump +0.4%
Reuters/Ipsos April 29–30, 2024 856 (RV) 39% 38% – – 8% – – 6%
(I wouldn't vote) 		9% Biden +1%
ActiVote April 13–30, 2024 1025 (LV) 41.2% 44.4% – – 14.4% – – – – Trump +3.2%
Florida Atlantic/Mainstreet Research April 26–28, 2024 851 (LV) 43.7% 39.5% – – 11.0% – – 2.5% 3.4% Biden +4.2%
Harvard/Harris X April 24–25, 2024 1961 (RV) 37% 44% – 1% 10% – 1% – 6% Trump +7%
NPR/PBS/Marist April 22–25, 2024 1199 (RV) 42% 42% – 2% 11% – 2% – 2% Even
CNN/SSRS April 18–23, 2024 967 (RV) 33% 42% – 4% 16% – 3% 2%[ay] 1% Trump +9%
Quinnipiac April 18–22, 2024 1429 (RV) 37% 37% – 3% 16% – 3% 2%[az] 2% Even
Marist College April 16–18, 2024 1047 (RV) 43% 38% – 2% 14% – 2% – 1% Biden +5%
Emerson College April 16–17, 2024 1308 (RV) 39.9% 43.5% – 1.0% 7.6% – 0.4% – 7.6% Trump +3.6%
NBC News April 12–16, 2024 1000 (RV) 39% 37% – 2% 13% – 3% 1%
Would not vote 		3% Biden +2%
McLaughlin & Associates April 10–16, 2024 1000 (LV) 36% 38% – 2% 10% – 2% 2%
(Lars Mapstead) 		9% Trump +2%
Echelon Insights April 12–14, 2024 1020 (LV) 41% 40% – 2% 11% – 2% – 4% Biden +1%
ActiVote March 24 – April 10, 2024 1083 (LV) 40.7% 44.0% – – 15.3% – – – – Trump +3.3%
Redfield & Wilton April 6–7, 2024 4000 (RV) 41% 41% – – 9% – – – 6% Even
I&I/Tipp April 3–5, 2024 1265 (RV) 38% 38% – 2% 11% – 1% 2% 9% Even
Emerson College April 2–3, 2024 1438 (RV) 42.0% 43.2% – 0.7% 7.8% – 0.5% – 5.8% Trump +1.2%
Big Village March 29–31, 2024 1425 (LV) 41.9% 39.7% – 1.8% 7.8% – – 0.6%
(I would not vote) 		8.1% Biden +2.2%
Trafalgar March 29–31, 2024 1092 (LV) 39.8% 43.1% – 1.7% 11.4% – 0.8% – 3.1% Trump +3.3%
Data For Progress March 27–29, 2024 1200 (LV) 41% 42% – 1% 8% – 1% – 6% Trump +1%
NPR/PBS/Marist March 25–28, 2024 1199 (RV) 43% 41% – 1% 11% – 2% – 1% Biden +2%
Marquette Law March 18–28, 2024 614 (LV) 41% 41% – 4% 13% – 2% – – Even
HarrisX/Forbes March 25, 2024 1010 (RV) 37% 40% – 1% 12% – 1% – 8% Trump +3%
Fox News March 22–25, 2024 1094 (RV) 38% 43% – 2% 12% – 2% 1%
(Wouldn't vote) 		2% Trump +5%
Quinnipiac March 21–25, 2024 1407 (RV) 38% 39% – 3% 13% – 4% 1%
(Refused) 		2% Trump +1%
Daily Mail/J.L. Partners March 20–24, 2024 1000 (LV) 39% 43% – 2% 7% – 1% – 8% Trump +4%
Echelon Insights March 18–21, 2024 1006 (LV) 40% 43% – 1% 10% – 2% – 4% Trump +3%
Harvard/Harris X March 20–21, 2024 2111 (RV) 36% 41% – 1% 14% – 2% – 6% Trump +5%
McLaughlin & Associates March 9–14, 2024 1000 (LV) 34% 38% – 2% 12% 2% 2% – 9% Trump +4%
Big Village March 8–13, 2024 1518 (LV) 39.5% 40.9% – 1.8% 8.5% – – 1.0%
(Would not vote) 		8.2% Trump +1.4%
Reuters/Ipsos March 7–13, 2024 4094 (A) 31% 32% – – 16% – – 10%
(I wouldn't vote) 		11% Trump +1%
Suffolk University/USA Today March 8–11, 2024 1000 (RV) 38% 40% – 2% 9% 2%
(No Labels candidate) 		2% 1%
(Libertarian candidate) 		5% Trump +2%
HarrisX March 8–10, 2024 2017 (RV) 35% 41% – 1% 12% – 1% – 10% Trump +6%
Emerson College March 5–6, 2024 1350 (RV) 41.5% 43.2% – 1.6% 6.0% – 0.5% – 7.2% Trump +1.7%
Redfield & Wilton March 2, 2024 1500 (LV) 39% 43% – – 9% – – – 7% Trump +4%
I&I/Tipp February 28 – March 1, 2024 1246 (RV) 38% 38% – 2% 9% – 1% 3% 9% Even
G Squared Public Strategies/Third Way February 27 – March 1, 2024 2000 (LV) 36% 36% 8%[ba] – 13% – – – 7% Even
Fox News February 25–28, 2024 1262 (RV) 38% 41% – 3% 13% – 2% <1% 2% Trump +3%
Fox News February 25–28, 2024 1262 (RV) 35% – 28% 5% 24% – 2% 3%[bb] 2% Biden +7%
HarrisX February 24–28, 2024 3021 (RV) 36% 40% – 2% 11% – 1% – 10% Trump +4%
GBAO/WSJ/Fabrizio Lee February 21–28, 2024 1745 (RV) 35% 40% – 2% 9% – 1% 1%
(Lars Mapstead) 		12% Trump +5%
HarrisX February 20–23, 2024 3010 (RV) 40% 42% – 2% 12% – 1% – 11% Trump +2%
Harvard/HarrisX February 21–22, 2024 2022 (RV) 33% 42% – 1% 14% – 1% – 8% Trump +9%
Quinnipiac February 15–19, 2024 1421 (RV) 38% 37% – 3% 15% – 3% 1%
(Wouldn't vote) 		2% Biden +1%
Quinnipiac February 15–19, 2024 1421 (RV) 35% – 27% 5% 24% – 3% 4%[bc] 2% Biden +8%
February 16, 2024 Manchin announces he won't run for president
Emerson College February 13–14, 2024 1225 (RV) 37.9% 40.2% – 1.4% 6.7% – 1.3% – 12.5% Trump +2.3%
Echelon Insights February 12–14, 2024 1015 (LV) 37% 42% – 2% 8% 2% 2% – 6% Trump +5%
Redfield & Wilton February 10, 2024 ??? (LV) 41% 42% – – 8% – – 3% 6% Trump +1%
Marquette Law February 5–15, 2024 628 (LV) 40% 43% – 1% 14% – 1% <1% – Trump +3%
Atlas Intel February 2–7, 2024 1637 (RV) 42.3% 43.9% – 0.1% 5.2% – – 5.2%[bd] 4.7% Trump +1.6%
Atlas Intel February 2–7, 2024 1637 (RV) 41% – 23% 0.5% 11.4% – – 13.9%[bd] 10.2% Biden +18%
Atlas Intel February 2–7, 2024 1637 (RV) 41.6%
(Michelle Obama) 		39% – 0% 5.1% – – 4%[bd] 10.3% Obama +2.6%
Survey USA January 31 – February 2, 2024 1500 (RV) 40% 45% 13% – – – – – 3% Trump +5%
Survey USA January 31 – February 2, 2024 1500 (RV) 36% 43% 11% – 9% – – – 2% Trump +7%
Survey USA January 31 – February 2, 2024 1500 (RV) 36% 41% 10% 1% 10% – – – 2% Trump +5%
I&I/Tipp January 31 – February 2, 2024 1266 (RV) 34% 40% – 2% 8% 1% 3% 3%[be] 10% Trump +6%
YouGov/UMass January 25–30, 2024 989 (LV) 39% 43% – – 9% – – 4% 4% Trump +4%
McLaughlin & Associates January 25–31, 2024 1000 (LV) 34% 39% – 2% 9% 2% 2% – 12% Trump +5%
Emerson College January 26–29, 2024 1260 (RV) 36.9% 41.7% 11.8% – – – – – 9.6% Trump +4.8%
Emerson College January 26–29, 2024 1260 (RV) 39.2% 41.4% – 0.8% 4.9% – 0.8% – 13% Trump +2.2%
Quinnipiac January 25–29, 2024 1650 (RV) 39% 37% – 3% 14% 2% – 2%[bf] 3% Biden +2%
Quinnipiac January 25–29, 2024 1650 (RV) 36% – 29% 3% 21% 2% – 5%[bg] 3% Biden +7%
Reuters/Ipsos January 22–24, 2024 1250 (RV) 30% 36% – – 8% – – 12%[bh] 13% Trump +6%
Harvard/HarrisX January 17–18, 2024 2346 (RV) 31% 42% – 2% 15% – 2% – 8% Trump +11%
Echelon Insights January 16–18, 2024 1029 (LV) 35% 41% – 2% 11% 2% 3% – 6% Trump +6%
Messenger/Harris X January 16–17, 2024 1045 (RV) 37% 40% – 2% 11% – 1% – 9% Trump +3%
Cygnal January 11–12, 2024 2000 (LV) 41.4% 41.5% – – 10.2% – – – 6.9% Trump +.1%
Reuters/Ipsos January 3–9, 2024 4677 (A) 29% 30% – – 18% – – 11%
(I wouldn't vote) 		13% Trump +1%
I&I/Tipp January 3–5, 2024 1247 (RV) 34% 37% – 2% 8% 1% 1% 5%[bi] 11% Trump +3%
2023 hypothetical polling
Hypothetical polling with third-party and independent candidates
Poll source Date(s)
administered 		Sample
size 		Joe
Biden 		Donald
Trump 		Cornel
West 		Robert F.
Kennedy Jr 		Joe
Manchin 		Jill
Stein 		Other Undecided Margin
USA Today/Suffolk University December 26–29, 2023 1000 (LV) 33.9% 37.2% 2.4% 9.5% 1.3% – 3.9%[bj] 11.1% Trump +3.3%
Daily Mail/J.L. Partners December 15–20, 2023 984 (LV) 36% 40% 1% 4% – 0% 8% 10% Trump +4%
McLaughlin & Associates December 13–19, 2023 1000 (LV) 34% 36% 2% 10% 3% 2% – 13% Trump +2%
Quinnipiac December 14–18, 2023 1647 (RV) 36% 38% 3% 16% – 3% 2%[bk] 3% Trump +2%
Echelon Insights December 12–16, 2023 1012 (LV) 36% 41% 1% 9% – 1% 4%
(Mark Cuban) 		8% Trump +5%
Harvard/Harris December 13–14, 2023 2034 (RV) 33% 41% 2% 15% – 2% – 7% Trump +8%
Fox News December 10–13, 2023 1007 (RV) 37% 41% 2% 14% – 3% 2%[bl] 2% Trump +4%
Redfield & Wilton December 8, 2023 1135 (LV) 38% 43% – 9% – – 3% 7% Trump +5%
Rasmussen December 6–10, 2023 892 (LV) 32% 40% – 16% – – 6% 6% Trump +8%
Reuters/Ipsos December 5–11, 2023 4411 (A) 31% 36% – 16% – – 7%
(I wouldn't vote) 		10% Trump +5%
Cygnal December 5–7, 2023 2000 (LV) 41.9% 42.7% – 9.3% – – – 6.1% Trump +0.8%
Cygnal December 5–7, 2023 2000 (LV) 41.3% 41.0% – 8.0% 3.3% – – 6.4% Biden +0.3%
Emerson College December 4–6, 2023 1000 (RV) 36.7% 43.4% 0.7% 6.5% – 1.1% – 11.5% Trump +6.7%
CNN/SSRS November 29 – December 6, 2023 1197 (RV) 31% 39% 6% 20% – – 2%[bm] 2% Trump +8.0%
Wall Street Journal November 29 – December 4, 2023 1500 (RV) 31% 37% 3% 8% 3% 2% 1%
(Lars Mapstead) 		14% Trump +6.0%
Big Village November 27 – December 3, 2023 2219 (LV) 36.3% 41.8% 2.8% 11.7% – – 1.4%
(I would not vote) 		5.9% Trump +5.5%
I&I/Tipp November 29 – December 1, 2023 1301 (RV) 33% 38% 2% 11% – 2% 4% 10% Trump +5.0%
Messenger/HarrisX November 22–28, 2023 4003 (RV) 33% 41% 2% 13% – – – 11% Trump +8.0%
Emerson College November 17–20, 2023 1475 (RV) 36% 42% 1% 7% – 1% – 13% Trump +6.0%
McLaughlin & Associates November 16–20, 2023 1000 (LV) 32% 36% 4% 12% 3% 2% – 12% Trump +4.0%
Messenger/HarrisX November 15–19, 2023 3017 (RV) 33% 40% 2% 14% – – – 11% Trump +7.0%
Harvard/HarrisX November 15–16, 2023 2851 (RV) 33% 41% 2% 16% – 2% – 6% Trump +8.0%
Reuters/Ipsos November 13–14, 2023 1006 (A) 30% 32% – 20% – – 8%
(I wouldn't vote) 		10% Trump +2.0%
Fox News November 10–13, 2023 1001 (RV) 35% 40% – 13% 5% 4% – 2% Trump +5.0%
Fox News November 10–13, 2023 1001 (RV) 35% 41% 3% 15% – 3% 2%[bn] 2% Trump +6.0%
Quinnipiac November 9–13, 2023 1574 (RV) 35% 38% 3% 17% – 3% 1%
(Wouldn't vote) 		2% Trump +3.0%
November 9, 2023 Stein declares her Green Party candidacy
Rasmussen November 8–12, 2023 987 (LV) 39% 38% – 12% – – – 11% Biden +1.0%
Democracy Corps November 5–11, 2023 500 (RV) 37% 45% 0% 9% 3%
(Manchin-Hogan) 		– 5%[bo] – Trump +8.0%
Big Village October 30 – November 5, 2023 1497 (LV) 37.1% 40.1% 1.7% 12.4% – – 1.4% 7.3% Trump +3%
New York Times/Siena October 22 – November 3, 2023 3662 (LV)[bp] 34% 36% – 22% – – 1% 5% Trump +2%
I&I/TIPP November 1–3, 2023 1242 (RV) 39% 37% 2% 9% – – 4% 8% Biden +2%
CNN/SSRS October 27 – November 2, 2023 1271 (RV) 35% 41% 4% 16% – – 2% 1% Trump +6%
Cygnal October 30 – November 1, 2023 2000 (LV) 40.4% 39.4% – 11.9% – – – 8.2% Biden +1%
HarrisX/The Messenger October 30 – November 1, 2023 2021 (RV) 36% 41% 2% 11% – – – 10% Trump +5%
American Pulse October 27–30, 2023 568 (LV) 38.9% 39.3% – 11.3% – – 2.6% 7.9% Trump +.4%
Quinnipiac October 26–30, 2023 1610 (RV) 36% 35% 6% 19% – – 2% 2% Biden +1%
Redfield & Wilton October 29, 2023 1183 (LV) 38% 40% – 10% – – 3%[bq] 10% Trump +2%
Echelon Insights October 23–26, 2023 1029 (LV) 35% 38% 1% 12% – – 8%
(No Labels party candidate) 		7% Trump +3%
McLaughlin & Associates October 22–26, 2023 1000 (LV) 35% 38% 2% 12% – – – 13% Trump +3%
Abacus Data October 24–25, 2023 1500 (RV) 39% 39% – 8% – – 5% 10% Even
SP&R October 17–23, 2023 1000 (A) 47% 40% – 6% – – 3% 4% Biden +7%
HarrisX/The Messenger October 16–23, 2023 3029 (RV) 35% 38% 2% 12% – – – 12% Trump +3%
USA Today/Suffolk October 17–20, 2023 1000 (RV) 37% 36% 4% 13% – – – 8% Biden +1%
Harvard/HarrisX October 18–19, 2023 2116 (RV) 31% 39% 3% 18% – – – 9% Trump +8%
LPTAD October 16–19, 2023 1000 (LV) 35% 35% 3% 13% – – – 12% Even
YouGov/Yahoo October 12–16, 2023 1122 (RV) 40% 39% – 9% – – 2% 9% Biden +1%
Zogby Analytics October 13–15, 2023 869 (LV) 41.2% 42.6% 3.7% 12.5% – – – – Trump +1.4%
MNA October 11–17, 2023 3318 (LV) 36.9% 37.9% – 14.2% – – 8.6% 2.4% Trump +1%
NPR/PBS/Marist October 10–11, 2023 1218 (RV) 44% 37% – 16% – – – 3% Biden +7%
October 9, 2023 Kennedy declares his Independent candidacy
Fox News October 6–9, 2023 1007 (RV) 41% 41% – 16% – – 2%[br] 1% Even
Fox News October 6–9, 2023 1007 (RV) 43% 45% 9% – – – 2%[bs] 2% Trump +2%
Cygnal October 3–5, 2023 3000 (LV) 38.8% 39.6% – 12.3% – – – 9.3% Trump +0.8%
Reuters/Ipsos October 3–4, 2023 1005 (A) 31% 33% – 14% – – 9% 13% Trump +2%
Echelon Insights September 25–28, 2023 1011 (LV) 36% 40% – 14% – – – 10% Trump +4%
John Zogby Strategies September 23–24, 2023 1008 (LV) 38% 38% – 19% – – 5% – Even
Mclaughlin & Associates September 22–26, 2023 1000 (LV) 36% 40% 4% – 6% – – 14% Trump +4%
Mclaughlin & Associates September 22–26, 2023 1000 (LV) 38% 43% 6% – – – – 13% Trump +5%
Gravis September 19–20, 2023 1262 (LV) 40% 41% 2% – – – 4%
(Lars Mapstead) 		13%
(Other or undecided) 		Trump +1%
Emerson College September 17–18, 2023 1125 (RV) 42% 43% 4% – – – – 11% Trump +1%
YouGov September 7–18, 2023 3098 (RV) 45% 43% – – 2% – 5%[bt] 5% Biden +2%
PRRI August 25–30, 2023 2525 (RV) 41% 37% 5% – 10% – – 6% Biden +4%
PRRI August 25–30, 2023 2525 (RV) 38% 43% 4% – – – 10%
(Larry Hogan) 		7% Trump +5%
Wall Street Journal August 24–30, 2023 1500 (RV) 39% 40% 2% – – – 1%
(Lars Mapstead) 		17% Trump +1%
Emerson College August 25–26, 2023 1000 (RV) 39% 44% 4% – – – – 13% Trump +5%
Mclaughlin & Associates August 15–23, 2023 1000 (LV) 41% 42% 6% – – – – 11% Trump +1%
Mclaughlin & Associates August 15–23, 2023 1000 (LV) 38% 39% 5% – 7% – – 12% Trump +1%
Emerson College August 16–17, 2023 1000 (RV) 41% 42% 5% – – – – 13% Trump +1%
McLaughlin & Associates July 19–24, 2023 1000 (LV) 38% 40% 6% – 5% – – 12% Trump +2%
McLaughlin & Associates July 19–24, 2023 1000 (LV) 40% 42% 5% – – – – 13% Trump +2%
Reuters/Ipsos July 11–17, 2023 4414 (A) 31% 31% – 18% – – 9% 10% Even
Echelon Insights June 26–29, 2023 1020 (LV) 42% 43% 4% – – – – 11% Trump +1%
Emerson College June 19–20, 2023 1015 (RV) 40% 41% 6% – – – 7% 6% Trump +1%
June 14, 2023 West declares his candidacy
Data For Progress May 25 – June 5, 2023 1625 (LV) 44% 44% – – – – 6%
(Larry Hogan) 		7% Even
Echelon Insights May 22–25, 2023 1035 (LV) 41% 42% – – 9% – – 8% Trump +1%
RMG Research May 22–24, 2023 1000 (RV) 35% 37% – – 12% – 4% 12% Trump +2%

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Affiliate of Liberal Party USA, unaffiliated with the Libertarian Party
  2. ^ Affiliate of Liberal Party USA, unaffiliated with the Libertarian Party
  3. ^ Disaffiliated from Unity Party of America
  4. ^ unaffiliated with national Constitution Party
  5. ^ Margaret Trowe was originally named the party's vice presidential nominee but withdrew due to health issues
  6. ^ Ayyadurai is not eligible to serve as president as he is not a natural-born citizen, but he claims he can run for office.
  7. ^ Unaffiliated with the Green Party of the United States
  8. ^ Unaffiliated with national Natural Law Party
  9. ^ Disaffiliated with Unity Party of America
  10. ^ Disaffiliated with Constitution Party
  11. ^ While the Presidential and Vice-Presidential nominations occur separately, Presidential candidates often make known their preferred Vice Presidential nominees should they receive the nomination
  12. ^ Originally was announced as Kristin Alexander[101]
  13. ^ Lars Mapstead, who was seeking the Libertarian nomination at the time, and Jasmine Sherman, who was seeking the Green nomination at the time, also participated.
  14. ^ Joe Biden, who was the presumptive Democratic nominee at the time of the debate, was invited to attend but declined.
  15. ^ Invited
  16. ^ including several other parties
  17. ^ including several other parties
  18. ^ Includes:
    • 1% for other candidate
    • 1% for would not vote
  19. ^ Includes:
    • 3% for would no vote
    • 2% for other candidate
    • 1% skipped
  20. ^ 1% other, 2% would not vote
  21. ^ Includes:
    • 1% would not vote
    • 1% for someone else
  22. ^ Includes:
    • 9% for would not vote
    • 3% for someone else
  23. ^ Includes:
    • 2% for other
    • 1% for I would not vote
  24. ^ Includes:
    • 1% for someone else
    • 1% for refused
  25. ^ Includes:
    • 2% for other
    • 1% for I would not vote
  26. ^ Includes:
    • 2% for won't vote
    • 1% for other
  27. ^ Includes:
    • 4% for Someone else
    • 2% for Will not vote
    • 1% for Chase Oliver
  28. ^ Includes:
    • 3% for other
    • 3% for I would not vote
  29. ^ Includes:
    • 5% for I wouldn't vote
    • 1% for skipped
  30. ^ Includes:
    • 2% for other
    • 1% for I would not vote
  31. ^ Includes:
    • 2% for Someone else
    • 2% for Will not vote
    • 1% for Chase Oliver
  32. ^ Includes:
    • 1% for other
    • 2% for I would not vote
  33. ^ Includes:
    • 2% for Chase Oliver
    • 1% for none
    • 1% for other
    • 1% for would not vote
  34. ^ Includes:
    • 2% for I would not vote
    • 1% for other
  35. ^ Includes:
    • 2% for "Not going to vote/wouldn't vote if those were the choices"
    • 1% for Chase Oliver
  36. ^ Includes:
    • 3% for do not plan to vote
    • 1% for Chase Oliver
  37. ^ Includes:
    • 1% for Chase Oliver
    • 1% for refused
  38. ^ Includes:
    • 1% for other
    • 1% for I would not vote
  39. ^ Includes:
    • 2% for "Not going to vote/wouldn't vote if those were the choices"
    • 1% for Chase Oliver
    • <1% for another candidate
  40. ^ Includes:
    • 1% for Chase Oliver
    • 1% for someone else
    • 1% for wouldn't vote
  41. ^ Includes:
    • 1.4% for I would not vote
    • 1.0% for other
  42. ^ Includes:
    • 2% for I would not vote
    • 1% for other
  43. ^ Includes:
    • 2% for I would not vote
    • 1% for other
  44. ^ Includes:
    • 8% for someone else
    • 8% for I would not vote
  45. ^ Includes:
    • 1% for Other
    • 1% for I would not vote
  46. ^ Includes:
    • 2% for "I would not vote"
    • 1% for other
  47. ^ Includes:
    • 3% for "I would not vote"
    • 1% for "other"
  48. ^ Includes:
    • 1% for wouldn't vote
    • 1% for refused
  49. ^ Includes:
    • 4% for "other candidate"
    • 3% for "would not vote"
  50. ^ Includes:
    • 1.7% for the "Libertarian party candidate"
    • 1.6% for "refused"
  51. ^ Includes:
    • 1% for other
    • 1% for "do not plan to vote"
  52. ^ Includes:
    • 1% for wouldn't vote
    • 1% for refused
  53. ^ Listed as Haley and Phillips
  54. ^ Includes
    • 2% for "wouldn't vote"
    • 1% for other
  55. ^ Includes:
    • 2% for "wouldn't vote"
    • 1% for "someone else"
    • 1% for "refused"
  56. ^ a b c For "blank or null vote/won't vote
  57. ^ Includes:
    • 2% for "other"
    • 1% for Lars Mapstead
  58. ^ Includes:
    • "Wouldn't vote" at 1%
    • "Refused" at 1%
  59. ^ Includes:
    • "Wouldn't vote" at 3%
    • "Someone else" at 1%
    • "Refused" at 1%
  60. ^ Includes:
    • "I wouldn't vote" at 10%
    • "Dean Phillips (independent)" at 2%
  61. ^ Includes:
    • "Other" at 4%
    • Lars Mapstead at 1%
  62. ^ Includes:
    • "Lars Mapstead" at 2.3%
    • "No-Labels candidate" at 1.6%
  63. ^ Includes:
    • "Wouldn't vote" at 1%
    • "Someone else" at 1%
  64. ^ Includes:
    • 1% for "wouldn't vote"
    • 1% for "other"
  65. ^ Includes:
    • "Other" at 1%
    • "Do not plan to vote" at 1%
  66. ^ Includes:
    • "Wouldn't vote" at 1%
    • "Other" at 1%
  67. ^ Includes:
    • "Other" at 2%
    • "Chase Oliver" at 2%
    • "Green Party Candidate" at 1%
  68. ^ Only included voters from the "battleground" states of Arizona, Georgia, Michigan Nevada, Pennsylvania and Wisconsin
  69. ^ Includes:
    • "Other (Libertarian)" at 1%
    • "Other (Another Third Party/Write-In)" at 1%
    • "Won't vote" at 1%
  70. ^ Includes:
    • "Other" at 1%
    • "Wouldn't Vote" at 1%
  71. ^ Includes:
    • "Other" at 1%
    • "Wouldn't Vote" at 1%
  72. ^ Includes:
    • "Another Candidate" at 3%
    • "I would not vote" at 2%

Ballot access

  1. ^ Oliver on the ballot in:
  2. ^ Petitioned to be on the ballot in:
  3. ^ Libertarian Party registered write-in in:
  4. ^ Stein on the ballot in:
  5. ^ Petitioned to be on the ballot in:
  6. ^ Green Party registered write-in in:
  7. ^ Stein write-in states:
  8. ^ De la Cruz on the ballot in:
  9. ^ De la Cruz petitioned to be on the ballot in:
  10. ^ De la Cruz registered write-in in:
  11. ^ De la Cruz write-in states:
  12. ^ Cornel West on the ballot in:
    • Alaska (3, as Aurora Party)[2][33]
    • Colorado (10, as Unity Party)[3]
    • Georgia (16)[2]
    • Louisiana (8, as Justice Fo All)[2]
    • Maine (4, as Justice For All)[2]
    • Michigan (15)[2]
    • Minnesota (10, as Justice For All)[2]
    • Mississippi (6, as Natural Law Party)[3]
    • Nebraska (5, as Nebraska Legal Marijuana NOW Party)[3]
    • North Carolina (16, as Justice For All)[2]
    • Oregon (8, as Progressive Party)[2]
    • South Carolina (9, as United Citizens Party)[2]
    • Utah (6)[2]
    • Vermont (3, as Green Mountain Peace and Justice Party)[2]
    • Washington (12, as Justice For All Party)[2]
    • Wisconsin (10)[2]
  13. ^ West write-in states:
  14. ^ West write-in states:
  15. ^ Constitution Party on the ballot in:
  16. ^ Constitution Party write-in states:
  17. ^ Rejected nominee states:
  18. ^ American Solidarity Party on the ballot in:
  19. ^ Petitioned to be on the ballot in:
  20. ^ American Solidarity Party registered write-in in:
  21. ^ American Solidarity Party write-in states:
  22. ^ Socialist Workers Party on the ballot in:
  23. ^ Socialist Workers Party write-in states:
  24. ^ Socialist Equality Party on the ballot in:
  25. ^ Socialist Equality Party write-in states:
  26. ^ Ayyadurai on the ballot in:
  27. ^ Petitioned to be on the ballot in:
  28. ^ Ayyadurai registered write-in in:
  29. ^ Ayyadurai write-in states:
  30. ^ Duncan certified in:
  31. ^ Duncan write-in states:
  32. ^ Constitution Party offshoots on the ballot in:
  33. ^ Constitution Party offshoots write-in states:
  34. ^ Bowman certified in:
    • Tennessee (11)[2]
  35. ^ Bowman registered write-in in:
  36. ^ Bowman write-in states:
  37. ^ Approval Voting Party on the ballot in:
  38. ^ Approval Voting Party write-in states:
  39. ^ Preston certified in:
  40. ^ Preston write-in states:
  41. ^ Garrity certified in:
  42. ^ Garrity registered write-in in:
  43. ^ Garrity write-in states:
  44. ^ Constitution Party of Mississippi on the ballot in:
  45. ^ Constitution Party Mississippi write-in states:
  46. ^ Prohibition Party on the ballot in:
  47. ^ Prohibition Party write-in states:
  48. ^ Everylove on the ballot in:
  49. ^ Everylove write-in states:
  50. ^ Socialist USA on the ballot in:
  51. ^ Socialist USA write-in states:
  52. ^ Supreme on the ballot in:
  53. ^ Supreme write-in states:
  54. ^ Kennedy on the ballot in:
    • Alabama (9)[2]
    • Alaska (3)[2]
    • Arkansas (6)[2]
    • California (54, as American Independent)[2]
    • Colorado (10)[2]
    • Connecticut (7)[87]
    • Delaware (3, as Independent Party of Delaware)[2]
    • District of Columbia (3)[2]
    • Hawaii (4)[3]
    • Idaho (4)[88]
    • Illinois (19)[2]
    • Indiana (11, as We The People)[2]
    • Iowa (6)[89][90]
    • Kansas (6)[2]
    • Kentucky (8)[2]
    • Louisiana (8, as We The People)[2]
    • Maryland (10)[2]
    • Minnesota (10, as We The People)[2]
    • Mississippi (6)[2]
    • Missouri (10)[91]
    • Montana (4)[2]
    • Nebraska (5)[2]
    • New Jersey (14)[2]
    • New Mexico (5)[2]
    • Oklahoma (7)[2]
    • Oregon (8, as We The People)[2]
    • South Dakota (3)[2]
    • Tennessee (11)[2]
    • Vermont (3, as We The People)[2]
    • Washington (12, as We The People)[2]
    • West Virginia (4)[2]
    • Wisconsin (10)[2]
  55. ^ Kennedy petitioned to be on the ballot in:
    • Massachusetts (11)<[3]
    • Rhode Island (4)[92]
  56. ^ Kennedy write-in states:
  57. ^ Kennedy withdraws from ballot in:

Even more notes

  1. ^ The Green Party is listed as the D.C. Statehood Green Party in Washington, D.C., as the Maine Green Independent Party in Maine, and as the Mountain Party in West Virginia
  2. ^ The Constitution Party is listed as the U.S. Taxpayer's Party in Michigan
  3. ^ State parties in Idaho, Utah, and Nevada disaffiliated with the national party and nominated Skousen
  4. ^ The Nevada Constitution Party affiliated is listed as the Independent American Party of Nevada

References

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