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| origin = [[United States]]
| origin = [[United States]]
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'''Zyn''' (stylized in [[all caps]]) is a brand of [[nicotine pouch]]es, produced by [[Swedish Match]], a subsidiary of [[Philip Morris International]].<ref name="Delist">{{Cite web |author=Marie Mannes |date=2022-11-28 |title=Philip Morris to de-list Swedish Match after raising stake to 93% |url=https://www.reuters.com/markets/deals/philip-morris-says-delist-swedish-match-after-raising-stake-93-2022-11-28/ |website=Reuters}}</ref> Zyn pouches are designed to be placed between the gum and either the upper lip or lower lip, allowing [[nicotine]] to be absorbed through the bloodstream and are available in several variants with different [[nicotine salt]] strengths and flavours. While considered a kind of [[snus]], nicotine pouches do not contain any tobacco,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Organization |first=World Health |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P6MOEQAAQBAJ&dq=difference+snus+%22nicotine+pouches%22&pg=PA84 |title=WHO study group on tobacco product regulation. Report on the scientific basis of tobacco product regulation: ninth report of a WHO study group |date=2023-08-23 |publisher=World Health Organization |isbn=978-92-4-007941-0 |language=en}}</ref> but remain [[Addiction|addictive]] due to their nicotine content.
'''Zyn''' (stylized in [[all caps]] as "'''ZYN'''") is a brand of [[Nicotine pouch|nicotine pouches]]. Zyn pouches are designed to be placed between the gum and either the upper lip or lower lip, allowing [[nicotine]] to be absorbed through the bloodstream and are available in several variants with different [[Nicotine salt|nicotine]] strengths and flavours. While often compared to [[snus]], nicotine pouches do not contain any tobacco, but remain [[Addiction|addictive]] due to their nicotine content.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P6MOEQAAQBAJ&dq=difference+snus+%22nicotine+pouches%22&pg=PA84 |title=WHO study group on tobacco product regulation. Report on the scientific basis of tobacco product regulation: ninth report of a WHO study group |date=2023-08-23 |publisher=World Health Organization |isbn=978-92-4-007941-0 |language=en}}</ref>

The brand was created by [[Swedish Match]], a subsidiary of [[Philip Morris International]] since 2022.<ref name="Delist2">{{Cite web |author=Marie Mannes |date=2022-11-28 |title=Philip Morris to de-list Swedish Match after raising stake to 93% |url=https://www.reuters.com/markets/deals/philip-morris-says-delist-swedish-match-after-raising-stake-93-2022-11-28/ |website=Reuters}}</ref> It is mainly distributed in the United States, where it represented over 70% of the nicotine pouch industry in 2023, but it is also available in Scandinavia, the UK and other countries, primarily in Europe.


Zyn is mainly distributed in the United States, where it represented more than 60% of the industry in 2022, but it is also available in Scandinavia, the UK and other parts of Europe.
Zyn is mainly distributed in the United States, where it represented more than 60% of the industry in 2022, but it is also available in Scandinavia, the UK and other parts of Europe.


== History ==
== History ==
Zyn pouches were first introduced in 2014 in the United States.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Anna Ringstrom |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-swedish-match-results-idUKKBN2CH0KP |title=Swedish Match steps up ZYN nicotine pouch marketing after Q1 profit beat |website=Reuters |date=2021-04-30}}</ref> From 2017 to 2019 one of Swedish Match's US plants, located in [[Owensboro, Kentucky]], was expanded to handle the manufacturing of Zyn pouches directly in the US.<ref name=richmond>{{Cite web |author=John Reid Blackwell |url=https://richmond.com/swedish-match-starting-nationwide-rollout-of-tobacco-free-nicotine-pouch-product/article_ec408cb1-586a-50da-8e26-31caf74bddf1.html |title=Swedish Match starting nationwide rollout of tobacco-free nicotine pouch product |website=Richmond.com |date=2019-03-27}}</ref><ref name=LaneReport>{{Cite web |url=https://www.lanereport.com/80889/2017/08/swedish-match-to-invest-41-million-in-owensboro-operation-creating-36-jobs/ |title=Swedish Match to invest $41 million in Owensboro operation creating 36 jobs |website=Lane Report |date=2017-08-31}}</ref> The works required an investment of $115 million and the new plant opened in May 2019.<ref name=OwensboroMay14>{{Cite web |author=Ashley Sorce |url=https://www.owensborotimes.com/features/business/2019/05/swedish-match-cuts-ribbon-on-115-million-expansion-of-owensboro-exclusive-product-line/ |title=Swedish Match cuts ribbon on $115 million expansion of Owensboro-exclusive product line |website=Owensboro Times |date=2019-05-14}}</ref> By the end of 2020, they were available in about 100,000 stores in the United States.<ref name=MoodieDavitt>{{Cite web |author=Dermot Davitt |url=https://www.moodiedavittreport.com/swedish-match-targets-growth-for-nicotine-pouch-brand-zyn-in-middle-east/ |title=Swedish Match targets growth for nicotine pouch brand ZYN in Middle East |website=The Moodie Davitt Report |date=2021-11-18}}</ref> Zyn pouches are also distributed in other countries, such as Sweden,<ref name=richmond/> Switzerland,<ref>{{Cite web |language=de |author=Sarah Serafini |url=https://www.watson.ch/schweiz/gesundheit/453688174-philip-morris-setzt-auf-snus-und-kauft-die-firma-swedish-match |title=Snus ist in aller Munde – jetzt springt Philip Morris auf den Trend auf |website=[[Watson (newspaper)|Watson]]|date=2022-05-13}}</ref> and the UK.<ref name=uk/>
Zyn pouches were initially launched on a small scale in the US market, first being marketed in [[Colorado]], and then in various western US states during 2016.<ref name="2016report">{{Cite web |date=2017 |title=Annual Report 2016 |url=https://www.swedishmatch.com/globalassets/reports/annual-reports/2016_swedishmatchannualreport_en.pdf |website=Swedish Match}}</ref> Zyn pouches also began to be marketed in [[Sweden]] in 2016.<ref name="2016report" /> From 2017 to 2019 one of Swedish Match's US plants, located in [[Owensboro, Kentucky]], was expanded to handle the manufacturing of Zyn pouches directly in the US.<ref name="richmond2">{{Cite web |author=John Reid Blackwell |date=2019-03-27 |title=Swedish Match starting nationwide rollout of tobacco-free nicotine pouch product |url=https://richmond.com/swedish-match-starting-nationwide-rollout-of-tobacco-free-nicotine-pouch-product/article_ec408cb1-586a-50da-8e26-31caf74bddf1.html |website=Richmond.com}}</ref><ref name="LaneReport2">{{Cite web |date=2017-08-31 |title=Swedish Match to invest $41 million in Owensboro operation creating 36 jobs |url=https://www.lanereport.com/80889/2017/08/swedish-match-to-invest-41-million-in-owensboro-operation-creating-36-jobs/ |website=Lane Report}}</ref> The works required an investment of $115 million and the new plant opened in May 2019.<ref name="OwensboroMay142">{{Cite web |author=Ashley Sorce |date=2019-05-14 |title=Swedish Match cuts ribbon on $115 million expansion of Owensboro-exclusive product line |url=https://www.owensborotimes.com/features/business/2019/05/swedish-match-cuts-ribbon-on-115-million-expansion-of-owensboro-exclusive-product-line/ |website=Owensboro Times}}</ref> By the end of 2018, Zyn pouches were available in about 13,500 stores in the United States<ref name="2018report">{{Cite web |date=2019 |title=Annual Report 2018 |url=https://www.swedishmatch.com/globalassets/reports/annual-reports/2018_swedishmatchannualreport_en.pdf |website=Swedish Match}}</ref> and by the end of 2020, they were available in about 100,000 US stores.<ref name="MoodieDavitt2">{{Cite web |author=Dermot Davitt |date=2021-11-18 |title=Swedish Match targets growth for nicotine pouch brand ZYN in Middle East |url=https://www.moodiedavittreport.com/swedish-match-targets-growth-for-nicotine-pouch-brand-zyn-in-middle-east/ |website=The Moodie Davitt Report}}</ref> Zyn pouches have also been distributed in other countries such as the [[United Kingdom|UK]],<ref name="2019report">{{Cite web |date=2020 |title=Annual Report 2019 |url=https://www.swedishmatch.com/globalassets/reports/annual-reports/2019_swedishmatchannualreport_interactive_en.pdf |website=Swedish Match}}</ref> [[Switzerland]],<ref>{{Cite web |author=Sarah Serafini |date=2022-05-13 |title=Snus ist in aller Munde – jetzt springt Philip Morris auf den Trend auf |url=https://www.watson.ch/schweiz/gesundheit/453688174-philip-morris-setzt-auf-snus-und-kauft-die-firma-swedish-match |website=watson.ch |language=de}}</ref> [[South Africa]] and [[Pakistan]].<ref name="2023Markets">{{Cite web |date=2024-04-04 |title=Nicotine Pouches:International |url=https://tobaccoinsider.com/nicotine-pouches-international/ |website=Tobacco Insider}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-09-01 |title=Out of the Bag |url=https://tobaccoreporter.com/2020/09/01/out-of-the-bag/ |website=TobaccoReporter}}</ref>


⚫
In November 2022, Swedish Match was acquired by [[Philip Morris International]].<ref name="Delist22" /> Zyn has been identified among the strategic brands acquired by the tobacco giant to achieve its vision of a "smoke-free future", alongside the company's existing portfolio of [[Iqos]] [[Heated tobacco product|heated tobacco]] and [[Veev]] [[vaping]] products.<ref name="FT20222" />
Sales of Zyn pouches have grown rapidly and have contributed to a significant increase in Swedish Match's revenues from 2020 onwards.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/swedish-match-results-idINL5N2EN5GY |title=Swedish Match profit rise beats forecasts helped by ZYf sales |website=Reuters |date=2020-07-17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/retail-consumer/tobacco-nicotine-group-swedish-matchs-q3-profit-matches-expectations-2022-10-28/ |title=Swedish Match continues to see strong smoke-free sales growth |website=Reuters |date=2022-10-28}}</ref> Although [[Tobacco industry|tobacco companies]] entered the nicotine pouch category around the same time, Swedish Match reached a 67% market share in the US at the beginning of 2023.<ref name=FT2022>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ft.com/content/a624ec6b-bc6a-4b51-9d09-e83a532c4ddf |title=Philip Morris wins Elliott's backing for $15.7bn Swedish Match takeover |website=Financial Times |date=2022-11-06}}</ref><ref name=MarketBeat/> According to a study focusing on the four main brands available in the US between September 2019 and March 2022, Zyn's sales increased from around 20 million pouches per month in the last quarter of 2019 to more than 140 million pouches per month in the first quarter of 2022.<ref name=JamaNetwork2022>{{Cite web |url=https://pressroom.cancer.org/NicotinePouch |title=Nicotine Pouch Sales Rising; Products with Highest Concentration Levels also Increasing, New Study Shows |website=American Cancer Society |date=2022-11-16}}</ref> The company reported sales reaching 261 million pouches at the beginning of 2023.<ref name=MarketBeat>{{Cite web |author=Pat Crawley |url=https://www.marketbeat.com/originals/philip-morris-steady-dividends-with-new-growth-levers/ |title=Philip Morris: Steady Dividends With New Growth Levers |website=MarketBeat |date=2023-03-06}} </ref> Approximately 350 million cans of Zyn were shipped in 2023 in the US market.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Valinsky |first=Jordan |date=2024-02-08 |title=Zyn nicotine pouches are flying off shelves. Critics say they’re dangerous for kids {{!}} CNN Business |url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/02/08/business/zyn-nicotine-pouches-sales-earnings/index.html |access-date=2024-11-01 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref> In May 2024, many shops and consumers started to note a Zyn shortage due to unprecedented demand. Philip Morris International plans to build an additional factory, which will enable it to produce 900 million cans per year. <ref> [https://prilla.com/us/blog/zyn-shortage-what-you-need-to-know ZYN Shortage: What you Need to Know] Prilla.com July 2024 </ref>


Previously, Philip Morris already had nicotine pouches in its product range through the Shiro brand, acquired by PMI in May 2021 with the purchase of the Danish company AG Snus.<ref name="TobaccoTacticsDef">{{cite web |url=https://www.tobaccotactics.org/article/nicotine-pouches/|title:Nicotine pouches|website:Tobacco Tactics}}</ref> Zyn pouches have experienced rapid growth in popularity among American consumers, especially from 2023 onwards.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-23 |title=Philip Morris Reports Soaring Sales of Zyn Nicotine Pouches |url=https://www.wsj.com/livecoverage/stock-market-today-earnings-04-23-2024/card/philip-morris-reports-soaring-sales-of-zyn-nicotine-pouches-O7xHxXH80nIleW29aNlY |website=[[The Wall Street Journal]]}}</ref>
⚫
In November 2022, Swedish Match was acquired by [[Philip Morris International]] for $16 Billion.<ref name=Delist/> Zyn has been identified among the strategic brands acquired by the tobacco giant to achieve its vision of a "smoke-free future", alongside the company's existing portfolio of [[Iqos]] and Veev [[vaping]] products.<ref name=FT2022/>


== Design ==
== Design ==
Zyn pouches are sold in round cans (resembling those traditionally used for [[smokeless tobacco]] products like snus and [[dipping tobacco]]) containing 15 or 20 pouches depending on the market. These cans are available with different levels of nicotine strength (from as low as 3 up to 14.7 milligrams per pouch)<ref>{{Cite web |title=ZYN Nikotinbeutel – All White Online |url=https://www.allwhiteonline.de/brands/zyn |access-date=2024-10-18 |website=www.allwhiteonline.de |language=de}}</ref> and different flavored and unflavored varieties.<ref name=richmond/>
Zyn pouches are sold in round cans containing 15 or 20 pouches depending on the market. Pouches are available in different levels of nicotine strength (such as 3 or 6 milligrams per pouch in the US) and different flavored and unflavored varieties.<ref name="richmond22" />

⚫
The pouches contain nicotine extracted from tobacco leaves, and food grade ingredients.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Rich Duprey |date=2019-08-26 |title=This Under-the-Radar Smoking Alternative Could Be Bigger Than E-Cigs |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/under-radar-smoking-alternative-could-142500126.html?guccounter=1 |website=Yahoo Finance}}</ref> The pouches themselves are made of plant fibers, which allow the nicotine to diffuse out of the pouch when moistened.<ref name="LesEchos2">{{Cite web |author=Clément Perruche |date=2022-05-09 |title=Tabac : Philip Morris sur le point de racheter le suédois Swedish Match AB |url=https://www.lesechos.fr/industrie-services/conso-distribution/tabac-philip-morris-sur-le-point-de-racheter-le-suedois-swedish-match-ab-1405827 |website=Les Echos |language=fr}}</ref> They are designed to be placed between the user's upper lip and gum, or between the gum and cheek, and used for up to one hour.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Katie Kindelan |date=2024-01-31 |title=What to know about ZYN, the nicotine substitute going viral and facing scrutiny |url=https://abcnews.go.com/GMA/Wellness/zyn-nicotine-substitute-viral-facing-scrutiny/story?id=106829784 |website=[[ABC_News_(United_States)|ABC news]]}}</ref>

== Sales ==
According to Swedish Match, sales of Zyn in the US totaled 12.7 million cans in 2018 and 50.4 million in 2019.<ref name="2019report2" /> The company said in its annual report that 2018 was the first year it became profitable in the US in the snus and nicotine pouches segment.<ref name="2018report2" /> Sales of Zyn pouches have then grown rapidly and have contributed to a significant increase in Swedish Match's revenues from 2020 onwards.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-17 |title=Swedish Match profit rise beats forecasts helped by ZYN sales |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/swedish-match-results-idINL5N2EN5GY |website=Reuters}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-28 |title=Swedish Match continues to see strong smoke-free sales growth |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/retail-consumer/tobacco-nicotine-group-swedish-matchs-q3-profit-matches-expectations-2022-10-28/ |website=Reuters}}</ref> The company sold nearly 130 million nicotine pouch cans in the US in 2020<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021 |title=Annual Report 2020 |url=https://www.swedishmatch.com/globalassets/reports/annual-reports/2020_swedishmatchannualreport_interactive_en.pdf |website=Swedish Match}}</ref> and nearly 198 million in 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-09 |title=PMI in Talks to Acquire Swedish Match |url=https://cspdailynews.com/tobacco/pmi-talks-acquire-swedish-match |website=CSP Daily News}}</ref> According to Philip Morris International, 384.8 million Zyn cans were sold worldwide in 2023, up 62% from 237 million cans in 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-13 |title=Smoke-Free Products Nearly 40% of 2023 Total Revenue for PMI |url=https://www.convenience.org/Media/Daily/2024/Feb/13/3-Smoke-Free-Products-40-2023-Revenue_CatMan |website=Convenience.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-04 |title=Zyn Is the New Vaping |url=https://time.com/6836195/zyn-nicotine-pouches-popularity/ |access-date=2024-05-08 |website=[[Time (magazine)|TIME]] |language=en}}</ref>


Between 2019 and 2022, Swedish Match had a market share of around 60% in nicotine pouches in the US with the Zyn brand.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-15 |title=Nicotine Pouch Sales Trends in the US by Volume and Nicotine Concentration Levels From 2019 to 2022 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9667333/ |website=National Library of Medecine}}</ref><ref name="FT20223">{{Cite web |date=2022-11-06 |title=Philip Morris wins Elliott's backing for $15.7bn Swedish Match takeover |url=https://www.ft.com/content/a624ec6b-bc6a-4b51-9d09-e83a532c4ddf |website=Financial Times}}</ref> From 2023, the brand's market share has grown to over 70%.<ref name="MarketBeat2">{{Cite web |author=Pat Crawley |date=2023-03-06 |title=Philip Morris: Steady Dividends With New Growth Levers |url=https://www.marketbeat.com/originals/philip-morris-steady-dividends-with-new-growth-levers/ |website=MarketBeat}}</ref>
⚫
The pouches contain nicotine extracted from [[Tobacco|tobacco leaves]], together with food grade ingredients.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Rich Duprey |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/under-radar-smoking-alternative-could-142500126.html?guccounter=1 |title=This Under-the-Radar Smoking Alternative Could Be Bigger Than E-Cigs |website=Yahoo Finance |date=2019-08-26}}</ref> The pouches themselves are made of plant fibers, which allow the nicotine to diffuse out of the pouch when moistened.<ref name=LesEchos>{{Cite web |language=fr|author=Clément Perruche |url=https://www.lesechos.fr/industrie-services/conso-distribution/tabac-philip-morris-sur-le-point-de-racheter-le-suedois-swedish-match-ab-1405827 |title=Tabac : Philip Morris sur le point de racheter le suédois Swedish Match AB |website=Les Echos |date=2022-05-09}}</ref> They are designed to be placed between the user's upper lip and gum, or between the gum and cheek, and used for up to 1 hour.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Diane Caruana |url=https://www.vapingpost.com/2022/05/19/zyn-launches-tobacco-flavoured-nicotine-pouches/ |title=ZYN Launches Tobacco Flavoured Nicotine Pouches |website=Vaping Post |date=2022-05-19}}</ref>


== Criticism ==
== Criticism ==

Revision as of 19:31, 2 November 2024

For other uses, see Zyn (disambiguation).
ZYN
Product typeNicotine pouches
OwnerSwedish Match
CountryUnited States
Introduced2014
Markets
TaglineFind your ZYN
Websitewww.zyn.com Edit this at Wikidata

Zyn (stylized in all caps as "ZYN") is a brand of nicotine pouches. Zyn pouches are designed to be placed between the gum and either the upper lip or lower lip, allowing nicotine to be absorbed through the bloodstream and are available in several variants with different nicotine strengths and flavours. While often compared to snus, nicotine pouches do not contain any tobacco, but remain addictive due to their nicotine content.[1]

The brand was created by Swedish Match, a subsidiary of Philip Morris International since 2022.[2] It is mainly distributed in the United States, where it represented over 70% of the nicotine pouch industry in 2023, but it is also available in Scandinavia, the UK and other countries, primarily in Europe.

Zyn is mainly distributed in the United States, where it represented more than 60% of the industry in 2022, but it is also available in Scandinavia, the UK and other parts of Europe.

History

Zyn pouches were initially launched on a small scale in the US market, first being marketed in Colorado, and then in various western US states during 2016.[3] Zyn pouches also began to be marketed in Sweden in 2016.[3] From 2017 to 2019 one of Swedish Match's US plants, located in Owensboro, Kentucky, was expanded to handle the manufacturing of Zyn pouches directly in the US.[4][5] The works required an investment of $115 million and the new plant opened in May 2019.[6] By the end of 2018, Zyn pouches were available in about 13,500 stores in the United States[7] and by the end of 2020, they were available in about 100,000 US stores.[8] Zyn pouches have also been distributed in other countries such as the UK,[9] Switzerland,[10] South Africa and Pakistan.[11][12]

In November 2022, Swedish Match was acquired by Philip Morris International.[13] Zyn has been identified among the strategic brands acquired by the tobacco giant to achieve its vision of a "smoke-free future", alongside the company's existing portfolio of Iqos heated tobacco and Veev vaping products.[14]

Previously, Philip Morris already had nicotine pouches in its product range through the Shiro brand, acquired by PMI in May 2021 with the purchase of the Danish company AG Snus.[15] Zyn pouches have experienced rapid growth in popularity among American consumers, especially from 2023 onwards.[16]

Design

Zyn pouches are sold in round cans containing 15 or 20 pouches depending on the market. Pouches are available in different levels of nicotine strength (such as 3 or 6 milligrams per pouch in the US) and different flavored and unflavored varieties.[17]

The pouches contain nicotine extracted from tobacco leaves, and food grade ingredients.[18] The pouches themselves are made of plant fibers, which allow the nicotine to diffuse out of the pouch when moistened.[19] They are designed to be placed between the user's upper lip and gum, or between the gum and cheek, and used for up to one hour.[20]

Sales

According to Swedish Match, sales of Zyn in the US totaled 12.7 million cans in 2018 and 50.4 million in 2019.[21] The company said in its annual report that 2018 was the first year it became profitable in the US in the snus and nicotine pouches segment.[22] Sales of Zyn pouches have then grown rapidly and have contributed to a significant increase in Swedish Match's revenues from 2020 onwards.[23][24] The company sold nearly 130 million nicotine pouch cans in the US in 2020[25] and nearly 198 million in 2021.[26] According to Philip Morris International, 384.8 million Zyn cans were sold worldwide in 2023, up 62% from 237 million cans in 2022.[27][28]

Between 2019 and 2022, Swedish Match had a market share of around 60% in nicotine pouches in the US with the Zyn brand.[29][30] From 2023, the brand's market share has grown to over 70%.[31]

Criticism

Consumption of nicotine pouches result in levels of nicotine in the blood that are similar to those from cigarettes.[32] Various tobacco-control advocates allege that the pouches constitute gateway products for youth; eventually leading to the consumption of traditional cigarettes or other tobacco containing products.[33]

In 2021, Swedish Match was criticized in the UK for its Zyn marketing on social media, including presenting its nicotine pouches as a supplement to regular smoking in places where smoking is banned, with the slogan "Can't smoke? Can't vape? Can Zyn".[34][35] In 2024, further criticism emerged regarding Zyn's rewards program. The program, which allows users to accumulate points for purchases and redeem them for prizes,[36] was characterized by The Guardian author Alaina Demopoulos as incentivizing nicotine use, with the article headline stating "Use nicotine, win an iPad!"[37]

Nicotine pouches are addictive and the long-term health effects remain unknown due to the lack of history for the recreational use of non-tobacco snus. However, while not carcinogenic, nicotine is a vasoconstrictor that moderately harms cardiovascular health, which can cause higher risks for cardiovascular diseases, stroke, and reproductive harm if used over long-term periods.[38][39][40] Among side effects associated with the consumption of nicotine pouches, users reported gum irritation, hiccups or nausea.[41]

References

  1. ^ WHO study group on tobacco product regulation. Report on the scientific basis of tobacco product regulation: ninth report of a WHO study group. World Health Organization. 2023-08-23. ISBN 978-92-4-007941-0.
  2. ^ Marie Mannes (2022-11-28). "Philip Morris to de-list Swedish Match after raising stake to 93%". Reuters.
  3. ^ a b "Annual Report 2016" (PDF). Swedish Match. 2017.
  4. ^ John Reid Blackwell (2019-03-27). "Swedish Match starting nationwide rollout of tobacco-free nicotine pouch product". Richmond.com.
  5. ^ "Swedish Match to invest $41 million in Owensboro operation creating 36 jobs". Lane Report. 2017-08-31.
  6. ^ Ashley Sorce (2019-05-14). "Swedish Match cuts ribbon on $115 million expansion of Owensboro-exclusive product line". Owensboro Times.
  7. ^ "Annual Report 2018" (PDF). Swedish Match. 2019.
  8. ^ Dermot Davitt (2021-11-18). "Swedish Match targets growth for nicotine pouch brand ZYN in Middle East". The Moodie Davitt Report.
  9. ^ "Annual Report 2019" (PDF). Swedish Match. 2020.
  10. ^ Sarah Serafini (2022-05-13). "Snus ist in aller Munde – jetzt springt Philip Morris auf den Trend auf". watson.ch (in German).
  11. ^ "Nicotine Pouches:International". Tobacco Insider. 2024-04-04.
  12. ^ "Out of the Bag". TobaccoReporter. 2020-09-01.
  13. ^ Cite error: The named reference Delist22 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  14. ^ Cite error: The named reference FT20222 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  15. ^ https://www.tobaccotactics.org/article/nicotine-pouches/. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help); Text "title:Nicotine pouches" ignored (help); Text "website:Tobacco Tactics" ignored (help)
  16. ^ "Philip Morris Reports Soaring Sales of Zyn Nicotine Pouches". The Wall Street Journal. 2024-04-23.
  17. ^ Cite error: The named reference richmond22 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  18. ^ Rich Duprey (2019-08-26). "This Under-the-Radar Smoking Alternative Could Be Bigger Than E-Cigs". Yahoo Finance.
  19. ^ Clément Perruche (2022-05-09). "Tabac : Philip Morris sur le point de racheter le suédois Swedish Match AB". Les Echos (in French).
  20. ^ Katie Kindelan (2024-01-31). "What to know about ZYN, the nicotine substitute going viral and facing scrutiny". ABC news.
  21. ^ Cite error: The named reference 2019report2 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  22. ^ Cite error: The named reference 2018report2 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  23. ^ "Swedish Match profit rise beats forecasts helped by ZYN sales". Reuters. 2020-07-17.
  24. ^ "Swedish Match continues to see strong smoke-free sales growth". Reuters. 2022-10-28.
  25. ^ "Annual Report 2020" (PDF). Swedish Match. 2021.
  26. ^ "PMI in Talks to Acquire Swedish Match". CSP Daily News. 2022-05-09.
  27. ^ "Smoke-Free Products Nearly 40% of 2023 Total Revenue for PMI". Convenience.org. 2024-02-13.
  28. ^ "Zyn Is the New Vaping". TIME. 2024-03-04. Retrieved 2024-05-08.
  29. ^ "Nicotine Pouch Sales Trends in the US by Volume and Nicotine Concentration Levels From 2019 to 2022". National Library of Medecine. 2022-11-15.
  30. ^ "Philip Morris wins Elliott's backing for $15.7bn Swedish Match takeover". Financial Times. 2022-11-06.
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  32. ^ "Health risk assessment of nicotine pouches" (PDF). Federal Institute for Risk Assessment. 2022-10-07.
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  34. ^ Rob Davies (2021-11-08). "Firms under fire for using UK influencers to push nicotine products". The Guardian.
  35. ^ Dasha Afanasieva (2023-04-15). "Big Tobacco Pushes Nicotine Pouches as Vaping Hit by Curbs". Bloomberg.
  36. ^ "ZYN Rewards Program: Prizes, How It Works, Maximum Points | Prime® Nic Pouches". www.primenicpouches.co.uk. Retrieved 2024-08-15.
  37. ^ Demopoulos, Alaina (2024-05-20). "Use nicotine, win an iPad! Zyn's viral rewards program fuels addiction fears". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2024-08-15.
  38. ^ Whitehead, Anna K.; Erwin, Abigail P.; Yue, Xinping (April 2021). "Nicotine and Vascular Dysfunction". Acta Physiologica. 231 (4): e13631. doi:10.1111/apha.13631. ISSN 1748-1708. PMC 8026694. PMID 33595878.
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  40. ^ "Are Oral Nicotine Pouches Safe? | Johns Hopkins | Bloomberg School of Public Health". publichealth.jhu.edu. 2024-04-24. Retrieved 2024-09-10.
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