Pahari-Pothwari: Difference between revisions
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'''Pothohari''' ({{lang|phr|{{Nastaliq|پوٹھوہاری}}}}), '''Pahari-Potowari''', or '''Potwari''' is a dialect of [[Lahnda]] ("Western Punabi") |
'''Pothohari''' ({{lang|phr|{{Nastaliq|پوٹھوہاری}}}}), '''Pahari-Potowari''', or '''Potwari''' is a dialect of [[Lahnda]] ("Western Punabi"){{sfn|Masica|1991|p=18}} spoken by inhabitants of the [[Pothohar Plateau]] in northern [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]] and in [[Azad Kashmir]], Pakistan and Poonch of [[Jammu and Kashmir]], India. |
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[[File:Tilla Jogian.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Potohar scenery with ''pahar'' backdrop]] |
[[File:Tilla Jogian.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Potohar scenery with ''pahar'' backdrop]] |
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Since [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] and [[Urdu]]/[[Hindi]] are spoken in a region that has witnessed significant ethnic and identity conflict, all have been exposed to the [[dialect]] versus language question. Each of these languages possesses a central standard on which its literature is based, and from which there are multiple dialectal variations. |
Since [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] and [[Urdu]]/[[Hindi]] are spoken in a region that has witnessed significant ethnic and identity conflict, all have been exposed to the [[dialect]] versus language question. Each of these languages possesses a central standard on which its literature is based, and from which there are multiple dialectal variations. |
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It had been historically classified as dialect of Punjabi. In the 1920s, [[George Abraham Grierson|George A. Grierson,]] in his Linguist Survey of India classified into Northern cluster of |
It had been historically classified as dialect of Punjabi. In the 1920s, [[George Abraham Grierson|George A. Grierson,]] in his Linguist Survey of India classified into Northern cluster of "Lahnda". There has been a language movement{{sfn|Shackle|1979|p=198}} and some efforts at cultivation as a literary language.{{sfn|Masica|1991|p=440}} |
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== References == |
== References == |
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{{reflist|1}} |
{{reflist|1}} |
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== Bibliography == |
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*{{Cite book| last = Masica| first = Colin P.|author-link = Colin Masica| title = The Indo-Aryan languages| series = Cambridge language surveys| date = 1991| publisher = Cambridge University Press| isbn = 978-0-521-23420-7| ref = harv}} |
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*{{Cite journal| last = Shackle| first = Christopher| author-link = Christopher Shackle| title = Problems of classification in Pakistan Panjab| journal = Transactions of the Philological Society| date = 1979| doi = 10.1111/j.1467-968X.1979.tb00857.x| issn = 0079-1636| volume = 77| issue = 1| pages = 191–210| ref = harv}} |
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== External links == |
== External links == |
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Revision as of 18:03, 1 November 2016
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| Pothohari | |
|---|---|
| Potwari, Potowari | |
| پوٹھوہاری | |
| Native to | Pakistan, India |
| Region | Pothohar region, Azad Kashmir and Poonch (Jammu and Kashmir) |
Native speakers | 2.5 million including Dhundi-Kairali, Chibhali, & Punchhi, but perhaps not 1.04 million Mirpuri (2007)[1] |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | phr (includes other dialects) |
| Glottolog | paha1251 Pahari Potwarimirp1238 Mirpur Panjabi |
 Punjabi–Lahnda dialects. Pothohari is center-north. | |
Pothohari (پوٹھوہاری), Pahari-Potowari, or Potwari is a dialect of Lahnda ("Western Punabi")[3] spoken by inhabitants of the Pothohar Plateau in northern Punjab and in Azad Kashmir, Pakistan and Poonch of Jammu and Kashmir, India.
Classification
Since Punjabi and Urdu/Hindi are spoken in a region that has witnessed significant ethnic and identity conflict, all have been exposed to the dialect versus language question. Each of these languages possesses a central standard on which its literature is based, and from which there are multiple dialectal variations.
It had been historically classified as dialect of Punjabi. In the 1920s, George A. Grierson, in his Linguist Survey of India classified into Northern cluster of "Lahnda". There has been a language movement[4] and some efforts at cultivation as a literary language.[5]
References
- ^ Pahari-Potwari at Ethnologue (19th ed., 2016)
- ^ "Western Panjabi". Ethnologue. Retrieved 21 July 2016.
- ^ Masica 1991, p. 18.
- ^ Shackle 1979, p. 198.
- ^ Masica 1991, p. 440.
Bibliography
- Masica, Colin P. (1991). The Indo-Aryan languages. Cambridge language surveys. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-23420-7.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Shackle, Christopher (1979). "Problems of classification in Pakistan Panjab". Transactions of the Philological Society. 77 (1): 191–210. doi:10.1111/j.1467-968X.1979.tb00857.x. ISSN 0079-1636.
{{cite journal}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help)
External links
- Miki Kharo England - GeoPakistani
- Pahari.org
- Jumtree.co.uk, examples of Potwari Sher (sung poetry)
