Pahari-Pothwari: Difference between revisions
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Since [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] and [[Urdu]]/[[Hindi]] are spoken in a region that has witnessed significant ethnic and identity conflict, all have been exposed to the [[dialect]] versus language question. Each of these languages possesses a central standard on which its literature is based, and from which there are multiple dialectal variations.<ref>Rev. T. Grahame Bailey. ''Panjābī Grammar.'' Lahore: Punjab Government Press, 1904.</ref>{{Failed verification|date=October 2016}} |
Since [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] and [[Urdu]]/[[Hindi]] are spoken in a region that has witnessed significant ethnic and identity conflict, all have been exposed to the [[dialect]] versus language question. Each of these languages possesses a central standard on which its literature is based, and from which there are multiple dialectal variations.<ref>Rev. T. Grahame Bailey. ''Panjābī Grammar.'' Lahore: Punjab Government Press, 1904.</ref>{{Failed verification|date=October 2016}} |
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It had been historically classified as dialect of Punjabi. In the 1920s, [[George Abraham Grierson|George A. Grierson,]] in his Linguist Survey of India classified into Northern cluster of Western Punjabi . Recently Potowari is claimed as language contrasting the view of being a dialect of Punjabi, However these claims are controversial to date. <ref name="rahman1997">Rahman, Tariq. 1997. Language and Ethnicity in Pakistan. Asian Survey, 1997 Sep., 37(9):833-839.</ref>{{rp|838}} <ref name="Javaid">Javaid, Umbreen. 2004. Saraiki political movement: its impact in south Punjab. ''[http://pu.edu.pk/images/journal/english/Online_contents/Vol.%20XL%20No.2%20JRH%20July%202004.pdf Journal of Research (Humanities)]'', 40(2): 45–55. Lahore: Faculty of Arts and Humanities. (This PDF contains multiple articles from the same issue.)</ref>{{rp|46}} |
It had been historically classified as dialect of Punjabi. In the 1920s, [[George Abraham Grierson|George A. Grierson,]] in his Linguist Survey of India classified into Northern cluster of Western Punjabi . Recently Potowari is claimed as language contrasting the view of being a dialect of Punjabi, However these political claims are controversial to date. <ref name="rahman1997">Rahman, Tariq. 1997. Language and Ethnicity in Pakistan. Asian Survey, 1997 Sep., 37(9):833-839.</ref>{{rp|838}} <ref name="Javaid">Javaid, Umbreen. 2004. Saraiki political movement: its impact in south Punjab. ''[http://pu.edu.pk/images/journal/english/Online_contents/Vol.%20XL%20No.2%20JRH%20July%202004.pdf Journal of Research (Humanities)]'', 40(2): 45–55. Lahore: Faculty of Arts and Humanities. (This PDF contains multiple articles from the same issue.)</ref>{{rp|46}} |
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== References == |
== References == |
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Revision as of 01:19, 2 November 2016
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| Pothohari | |
|---|---|
| Potwari, Potowari | |
| پوٹھوہاری | |
| Native to | Pakistan, India |
| Region | Pothohar region, Azad Kashmir and Poonch (Jammu and Kashmir) |
Native speakers | 2.5 million including Dhundi-Kairali, Chibhali, & Punchhi, but perhaps not 1.04 million Mirpuri (2007)[1] |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | phr (includes other dialects) |
| Glottolog | paha1251 Pahari Potwarimirp1238 Mirpur Panjabi |
 Punjabi–Lahnda dialects. Pothohari is center-north. | |
Pothohari (پوٹھوہاری), Pahari-Potowari, or Potwari is a Western Punjabi dialect[3] spoken by inhabitants of the Pothohar Plateau in northern Punjab and in Azad Kashmir, Pakistan and Poonch of Jammu and Kashmir, India.
Classification
Since Punjabi and Urdu/Hindi are spoken in a region that has witnessed significant ethnic and identity conflict, all have been exposed to the dialect versus language question. Each of these languages possesses a central standard on which its literature is based, and from which there are multiple dialectal variations.[4][failed verification]
It had been historically classified as dialect of Punjabi. In the 1920s, George A. Grierson, in his Linguist Survey of India classified into Northern cluster of Western Punjabi . Recently Potowari is claimed as language contrasting the view of being a dialect of Punjabi, However these political claims are controversial to date. [5]: 838 [6]: 46
References
- ^ Pahari-Potwari at Ethnologue (19th ed., 2016)
- ^ "Western Panjabi". Ethnologue. Retrieved 21 July 2016.
- ^ Masica, Colin P. (1991). The Indo-Aryan languages. Cambridge language surveys. Cambridge University Press. p. 18. ISBN 978-0-521-23420-7.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - ^ Rev. T. Grahame Bailey. Panjābī Grammar. Lahore: Punjab Government Press, 1904.
- ^ Rahman, Tariq. 1997. Language and Ethnicity in Pakistan. Asian Survey, 1997 Sep., 37(9):833-839.
- ^ Javaid, Umbreen. 2004. Saraiki political movement: its impact in south Punjab. Journal of Research (Humanities), 40(2): 45–55. Lahore: Faculty of Arts and Humanities. (This PDF contains multiple articles from the same issue.)
External links
- Miki Kharo England - GeoPakistani
- Pahari.org
- Jumtree.co.uk, examples of Potwari Sher (sung poetry)
