Jump to content

Daisaku Ikeda: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Content deleted Content added
m top: added hyperlink
Rescuing 14 sources and tagging 2 as dead. #IABot (v1.6.1) (Balon Greyjoy)
Line 29: Line 29:
}}
}}


{{Nihongo|'''Daisaku Ikeda'''|池田 大作|Ikeda Daisaku|born 2 January 1928, Japan}} is a Buddhist philosopher, educator, author, and [[nuclear disarmament]] advocate.<ref name=bethel>{{cite journal |title=The Political Ideology of Ikeda Daisaku, President of Soka Gakkai |author=Dayle Bethel |journal=International Education |volume=3 |issue=2 |year=1974}}</ref><ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite journal |title=Daisaku Ikeda's Curriculum of Soka Education: Creating Value Through Dialogue, Global Citizenship, and 'Human Education' in the Mentor-Disciple Relationship |author1=Jason Goulah |author2= Takao Ito |journal=Curriculum Inquiry |year=2012 |volume=42 |issue=1}}</ref><ref name=tricycle_nukes>{{cite news |title=No More Nukes |author=Editors |date=3 February 2015 |work=Tricycle |url=http://www.tricycle.com/blog/no-more-nukes |dead-url=yes |archive-url= https://tricycle.org/trikedaily/no-more-nukes/ |archive-date=20 November 2017|accessdate=19 February 2015}}</ref> He has served as the third president and then honorary president of the [[Soka Gakkai]], the largest of Japan's [[Japanese new religions|new religious movement]]s.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Soka Gakkai International: Japanese Buddhism on a Global Scale |author=Daniel Métraux |journal=Virginia Review of Asian Studies |year=2013}}</ref> Ikeda is the founding president of the [[Soka Gakkai International]] (SGI), the world's largest Buddhist lay organization with approximately 12 million practitioners in 192 countries and territories.<ref name=strand>{{cite news |title=Faith in Revolution |author=Clark Strand |date=Winter 2008 |work=Triycle |url=http://www.tricycle.com/interview/faith-revolution |accessdate=19 February 2015}}</ref><ref name="Olivier Urbain 2010">{{cite book|title=Daisaku Ikeda's Philosophy of Peace |isbn=978-1-84885-304-1 |author=Olivier Urbain |publisher=I.B. Tauris |year=2010}}</ref>
{{Nihongo|'''Daisaku Ikeda'''|池田 大作|Ikeda Daisaku|born 2 January 1928, Japan}} is a Buddhist philosopher, educator, author, and [[nuclear disarmament]] advocate.<ref name=bethel>{{cite journal |title=The Political Ideology of Ikeda Daisaku, President of Soka Gakkai |author=Dayle Bethel |journal=International Education |volume=3 |issue=2 |year=1974}}</ref><ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite journal |title=Daisaku Ikeda's Curriculum of Soka Education: Creating Value Through Dialogue, Global Citizenship, and 'Human Education' in the Mentor-Disciple Relationship |author1=Jason Goulah |author2= Takao Ito |journal=Curriculum Inquiry |year=2012 |volume=42 |issue=1}}</ref><ref name=tricycle_nukes>{{cite news |title=No More Nukes |author=Editors |date=3 February 2015 |work=Tricycle |url=http://www.tricycle.com/blog/no-more-nukes |dead-url=yes |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150218005402/http://www.tricycle.com/blog/no-more-nukes |archive-date=18 February 2015 |accessdate=19 February 2015 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> He has served as the third president and then honorary president of the [[Soka Gakkai]], the largest of Japan's [[Japanese new religions|new religious movement]]s.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Soka Gakkai International: Japanese Buddhism on a Global Scale |author=Daniel Métraux |journal=Virginia Review of Asian Studies |year=2013}}</ref> Ikeda is the founding president of the [[Soka Gakkai International]] (SGI), the world's largest Buddhist lay organization with approximately 12 million practitioners in 192 countries and territories.<ref name=strand>{{cite news |title=Faith in Revolution |author=Clark Strand |date=Winter 2008 |work=Triycle |url=http://www.tricycle.com/interview/faith-revolution |accessdate=19 February 2015}}</ref><ref name="Olivier Urbain 2010">{{cite book|title=Daisaku Ikeda's Philosophy of Peace |isbn=978-1-84885-304-1 |author=Olivier Urbain |publisher=I.B. Tauris |year=2010}}</ref>


Ikeda was born in Tokyo, Japan, in 1928, to a family of [[seaweed farming|seaweed farmers]]. He survived the devastation of [[World War II]] as a teenager, which he said left an indelible mark on his life and fueled his quest to solve the fundamental causes of human conflict. At age 19, Ikeda began practicing [[Nichiren Buddhism]] and joined a youth group of the Soka Gakkai Buddhist association, which led to his lifelong work developing the global peace movement of SGI and founding numerous institutions dedicated to fostering peace, culture and education.<ref name="Olivier Urbain 2010"/><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.daisakuikeda.org/main/profile/timeline/ | title = Timeline of Daisaku Ikeda's Life | publisher = daisakuikeda.org | accessdate = 4 February 2016}}</ref>
Ikeda was born in Tokyo, Japan, in 1928, to a family of [[seaweed farming|seaweed farmers]]. He survived the devastation of [[World War II]] as a teenager, which he said left an indelible mark on his life and fueled his quest to solve the fundamental causes of human conflict. At age 19, Ikeda began practicing [[Nichiren Buddhism]] and joined a youth group of the Soka Gakkai Buddhist association, which led to his lifelong work developing the global peace movement of SGI and founding numerous institutions dedicated to fostering peace, culture and education.<ref name="Olivier Urbain 2010"/><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.daisakuikeda.org/main/profile/timeline/ | title = Timeline of Daisaku Ikeda's Life | publisher = daisakuikeda.org | accessdate = 4 February 2016}}</ref>
Line 352: Line 352:
| [[University of Macau]]
| [[University of Macau]]
| ''honorary doctorate of social sciences''
| ''honorary doctorate of social sciences''
| November 1995<ref>池田大作教授領受名譽博士學位儀式 [Professor Ikeda receives honorary doctorate, ceremony]. 14 November 1995. [http://library.umac.mo/html/lib_info/collections/Publication/publication_item.asp?id=4&All=1 Congregations 典禮]. University of Macau Publications (澳
| November 1995<ref>池田大作教授領受名譽博士學位儀式 [Professor Ikeda receives honorary doctorate, ceremony]. 14 November 1995. [http://library.umac.mo/html/lib_info/collections/Publication/publication_item.asp?id=4&All=1 Congregations 典禮] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140531104943/http://library.umac.mo/html/lib_info/collections/Publication/publication_item.asp?id=4&All=1 |date=31 May 2014 }}. University of Macau Publications (澳
大出版品).</ref>
大出版品).</ref>
|-
|-
Line 359: Line 359:
| [[University of Hong Kong]]
| [[University of Hong Kong]]
| ''honorary doctorate of letters''
| ''honorary doctorate of letters''
| March 1996<ref>[http://www3.hku.hk/cpaoonweb/hongrads/person.php?id=170 Citation], University of Hong Kong, 2005. Accessed 1 January 2010.</ref>
| March 1996<ref>[http://www3.hku.hk/cpaoonweb/hongrads/person.php?id=170 Citation] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928123005/http://www3.hku.hk/cpaoonweb/hongrads/person.php?id=170 |date=28 September 2011 }}, University of Hong Kong, 2005. Accessed 1 January 2010.</ref>
|-
|-
| 36
| 36
Line 665: Line 665:
| Beijing Administrative College
| Beijing Administrative College
| ''honorary professorship''
| ''honorary professorship''
| May 2000<ref>[http://www.bac.gov.cn/web/swdx/2en/about/listdetail.aspx?NodeID=25&ID=579 "Wang Jiangyu names Mr. Daisaku Ikeda as an honorary professor."] Beijing Administrative College.</ref>
| May 2000<ref>[http://www.bac.gov.cn/web/swdx/2en/about/listdetail.aspx?NodeID=25&ID=579 "Wang Jiangyu names Mr. Daisaku Ikeda as an honorary professor."]{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Beijing Administrative College.</ref>
|-
|-
| 87
| 87
Line 935: Line 935:
| [[Renmin University of China]]
| [[Renmin University of China]]
| ''honorary professorship''
| ''honorary professorship''
| September 2002<ref>"[http://en.ruc.edu.cn/104651/78345.html RUC and the world]", Renmin University of China. Accessed 12 February 2013.</ref>
| September 2002<ref>"[http://en.ruc.edu.cn/104651/78345.html RUC and the world] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.is/20120708094442/http://en.ruc.edu.cn/104651/78345.html |date=8 July 2012 }}", Renmin University of China. Accessed 12 February 2013.</ref>
|-
|-
| 132
| 132
Line 947: Line 947:
| [[Zhejiang University]]
| [[Zhejiang University]]
| ''honorary professorship''
| ''honorary professorship''
| November 2002<ref>[http://www.news.zju.edu.cn/news.php?id=3403 潘云鹤校长率团访问日本] ("Zhejiang University President Pan Yunheʼs visit to Japan"). 11 November 2002. News. Office of Zhejiang University. Accessed 16 May 2014.</ref>
| November 2002<ref>[http://www.news.zju.edu.cn/news.php?id=3403 潘云鹤校长率团访问日本] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403133813/http://www.news.zju.edu.cn/news.php?id=3403 |date=3 April 2015 }} ("Zhejiang University President Pan Yunheʼs visit to Japan"). 11 November 2002. News. Office of Zhejiang University. Accessed 16 May 2014.</ref>
|-
|-
| 134
| 134
Line 1,187: Line 1,187:
| [[Shanghai University of Finance and Economics]]
| [[Shanghai University of Finance and Economics]]
| ''professor emeritus of humanities''
| ''professor emeritus of humanities''
| April 2005<ref>[http://jieshao.kaoyantj.com/yuanxijieshao/2006/01/12/4CDA4018BEA95640.html 上海财经大学人文学院各系所情况简介: 经济哲学系] (College of Humanities Departmental Briefing: Economic Philosophy Department). Accessed 8 August 2014.</ref>
| April 2005<ref>[http://jieshao.kaoyantj.com/yuanxijieshao/2006/01/12/4CDA4018BEA95640.html 上海财经大学人文学院各系所情况简介: 经济哲学系] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810193526/http://jieshao.kaoyantj.com/yuanxijieshao/2006/01/12/4CDA4018BEA95640.html |date=10 August 2014 }} (College of Humanities Departmental Briefing: Economic Philosophy Department). Accessed 8 August 2014.</ref>
|-
|-
| 174
| 174
Line 1,560: Line 1,560:
| Yan'a University
| Yan'a University
| ''honorary professorship''
| ''honorary professorship''
| 4 May 2008<ref>"[http://english.yau.edu.cn/content.jsp?pagetype=TPP_CONTENT&wbnewsid=51862&tree=1 Yan'an University in Shaanxi, China, Confers Lifetime Professorship]", Yan'an University. Accessed 12 February 2013.</ref>
| 4 May 2008<ref>"[http://english.yau.edu.cn/content.jsp?pagetype=TPP_CONTENT&wbnewsid=51862&tree=1 Yan'an University in Shaanxi, China, Confers Lifetime Professorship] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104030612/http://english.yau.edu.cn/content.jsp?pagetype=TPP_CONTENT&wbnewsid=51862&tree=1 |date=4 November 2012 }}", Yan'an University. Accessed 12 February 2013.</ref>
|-
|-
| 236
| 236
Line 1,626: Line 1,626:
| [[Dalian University]]
| [[Dalian University]]
| hon prof
| hon prof
| Dec 2008<ref>[http://www.dlu.edu.cn/New_Art.asp?articleid=3343 我校代表团出访日、韩] (Our School Delegation to Japan, South Korea). 23 December 2008.</ref>
| Dec 2008<ref>[http://www.dlu.edu.cn/New_Art.asp?articleid=3343 我校代表团出访日、韩] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140815204546/http://www.dlu.edu.cn/New_Art.asp?articleid=3343 |date=15 August 2014 }} (Our School Delegation to Japan, South Korea). 23 December 2008.</ref>
|-
|-
| 247
| 247
Line 1,638: Line 1,638:
| [[Open University Malaysia]]
| [[Open University Malaysia]]
| hon doc of arts (humanities)
| hon doc of arts (humanities)
| Feb 2009<ref>[http://www.oum.edu.my/oum/index.php?c=oum2&v=art_view&domid=1&parent_id=44&cat_id=234&art_id=428&lang=eng "OUM Honours Proponent of World Peace and Humanity"]. Last updated 1 April 2010. OUM News & Events. Accessed 1 August 2014.</ref><ref>[http://education.bernama.com/index.php?sid=news_content&id=392001 "OUM Confers Honorary Doctorate to Dr Daisaku Ikeda"]. 24 February 2010. Bernama Education News Update. Accessed 1 August 2014.</ref>
| Feb 2009<ref>[http://www.oum.edu.my/oum/index.php?c=oum2&v=art_view&domid=1&parent_id=44&cat_id=234&art_id=428&lang=eng "OUM Honours Proponent of World Peace and Humanity"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231045134/http://www.oum.edu.my/oum/index.php?c=oum2&v=art_view&domid=1&parent_id=44&cat_id=234&art_id=428&lang=eng |date=31 December 2013 }}. Last updated 1 April 2010. OUM News & Events. Accessed 1 August 2014.</ref><ref>[http://education.bernama.com/index.php?sid=news_content&id=392001 "OUM Confers Honorary Doctorate to Dr Daisaku Ikeda"]. 24 February 2010. Bernama Education News Update. Accessed 1 August 2014.</ref>
|-
|-
| 249
| 249
Line 1,644: Line 1,644:
| University of Aquino-Bolivia (Udabol)
| University of Aquino-Bolivia (Udabol)
| hon doc
| hon doc
| Mar 2009<ref>[http://www.eldeber.com.bo/vernotaahora.php?id=090304223452 "Distinguirán al presidente de Soka Gakkai de Japón"], El Deber. 5 March 2009. Accessed 31 August 2014.</ref>
| Mar 2009<ref>[http://www.eldeber.com.bo/vernotaahora.php?id=090304223452 "Distinguirán al presidente de Soka Gakkai de Japón"]{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, El Deber. 5 March 2009. Accessed 31 August 2014.</ref>
|-
|-
| 250
| 250
Line 1,728: Line 1,728:
| [[Universitas Indonesia]]
| [[Universitas Indonesia]]
| ''Honorary Doctorate in Philosophy and Peace''
| ''Honorary Doctorate in Philosophy and Peace''
| Soka University, 10 October 2009<ref>"[http://www.ui.ac.id/id/news/archive/3891 Penganugerahan Doctor Honoris Causa untuk Prof. Dr. Daisaku Ikeda]".</ref>
| Soka University, 10 October 2009<ref>"[http://www.ui.ac.id/id/news/archive/3891 Penganugerahan Doctor Honoris Causa untuk Prof. Dr. Daisaku Ikeda] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605121319/http://www.ui.ac.id/id/news/archive/3891 |date=5 June 2013 }}".</ref>
|-
|-
|264
|264
Line 1,872: Line 1,872:
| [[Université Laval]]
| [[Université Laval]]
| ''honorary doctorate of education''
| ''honorary doctorate of education''
| 4 May 2010<ref>"[http://www2.ulaval.ca/la-vie-universitaire/prix-et-distinctions/docteurs-honoris-causa/daisaku-ikeda.html Monsieur Daisaku Ikeda, philosophe bouddhiste japonais, artisan de la paix, auteur et poète]", Université Laval. Accessed 1 January 2010.</ref>
| 4 May 2010<ref>"[http://www2.ulaval.ca/la-vie-universitaire/prix-et-distinctions/docteurs-honoris-causa/daisaku-ikeda.html Monsieur Daisaku Ikeda, philosophe bouddhiste japonais, artisan de la paix, auteur et poète] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101215024110/http://www2.ulaval.ca/la-vie-universitaire/prix-et-distinctions/docteurs-honoris-causa/daisaku-ikeda.html |date=15 December 2010 }}", Université Laval. Accessed 1 January 2010.</ref>
|-
|-
|288
|288
Line 1,920: Line 1,920:
| [[University of Malaya]]
| [[University of Malaya]]
| ''honorary doctorate of humanities''
| ''honorary doctorate of humanities''
| 2 August 2010<ref>"[http://vcoffice.um.edu.my/2010/08/scholars-should-retire-later-says-sultan/ the chancellor conferred an honorary doctorate of humanities to peace activist Dr Daisaku Ikeda]", Universiti Malaya.</ref>
| 2 August 2010<ref>"[http://vcoffice.um.edu.my/2010/08/scholars-should-retire-later-says-sultan/ the chancellor conferred an honorary doctorate of humanities to peace activist Dr Daisaku Ikeda] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110808072858/http://vcoffice.um.edu.my/2010/08/scholars-should-retire-later-says-sultan/ |date=8 August 2011 }}", Universiti Malaya.</ref>
|-
|-
|296
|296
Line 1,926: Line 1,926:
|Osh Humanitarian Pedagogical Institute
|Osh Humanitarian Pedagogical Institute
|hon prof
|hon prof
|August 2010<ref name="oshmed.com">[http://oshmed.com/latest/daisaku-ikeda-sgi-president-has-been-honoured-professorship-by-osh-state-university "Daisaku Ikeda, SGI president, has been honoured Professorship by Osh State University"] OSU News. Accessed 4 August 2014.</ref>
|August 2010<ref name="oshmed.com">[http://oshmed.com/latest/daisaku-ikeda-sgi-president-has-been-honoured-professorship-by-osh-state-university "Daisaku Ikeda, SGI president, has been honoured Professorship by Osh State University"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808053959/http://oshmed.com/latest/daisaku-ikeda-sgi-president-has-been-honoured-professorship-by-osh-state-university |date=8 August 2014 }} OSU News. Accessed 4 August 2014.</ref>
|-
|-
|297
|297
Line 2,094: Line 2,094:
|Private Technological University of Santa Cruz (Utepsa)
|Private Technological University of Santa Cruz (Utepsa)
|hon doc
|hon doc
|March 2012<ref>[http://www.eldeber.com.bo/vernotasantacruz.php?id=120425214229 "Utepsa declara Doctor Honoris Causa a fundador de Soka Gakkai"], El Deber. 26 April 2012. Accessed 29 September 2014.</ref>
|March 2012<ref>[http://www.eldeber.com.bo/vernotasantacruz.php?id=120425214229 "Utepsa declara Doctor Honoris Causa a fundador de Soka Gakkai"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020064417/http://www.eldeber.com.bo/vernotasantacruz.php?id=120425214229 |date=20 October 2013 }}, El Deber. 26 April 2012. Accessed 29 September 2014.</ref>
|-
|-
|325
|325

Revision as of 12:05, 14 December 2017

Daisaku Ikeda
Daisaku Ikeda(May 2010)
President of Soka Gakkai International (SGI)
Assumed office
26 January 1975
Honorary President of Soka Gakkai
Assumed office
24 April 1979
Succeeded byPresident of Soka Gakkai
Hiroshi Hojo (北条浩)
Einosuke Akiya
Minoru Harada
3rd President of Soka Gakkai
In office
3 May 1960 – 24 April 1979
Preceded byJōsei Toda
Acting President
Takashi Koizumi(小泉隆)
Succeeded byHiroshi Hojo (北条浩)
Personal details
Born (1928-01-02) 2 January 1928 (age 96)
Japanese Empire, Tokyo, Ōta
SpouseKaneko Ikeda (池田香峯子)
Children
Parents
  • Ichi Ikeda (mother)
  • Nenokichi Ikeda (father)
Residence(s)Japan, Tokyo, Shinjuku-Ku, Shinanomachi (信濃町)
Alma materFuji Junior College (present-day Tokyo Fuji University)[1]
Signature
Websitedaisakuikeda.org

Daisaku Ikeda (池田 大作, Ikeda Daisaku, born 2 January 1928, Japan) is a Buddhist philosopher, educator, author, and nuclear disarmament advocate.[2][3][4] He has served as the third president and then honorary president of the Soka Gakkai, the largest of Japan's new religious movements.[5] Ikeda is the founding president of the Soka Gakkai International (SGI), the world's largest Buddhist lay organization with approximately 12 million practitioners in 192 countries and territories.[6][7]

Ikeda was born in Tokyo, Japan, in 1928, to a family of seaweed farmers. He survived the devastation of World War II as a teenager, which he said left an indelible mark on his life and fueled his quest to solve the fundamental causes of human conflict. At age 19, Ikeda began practicing Nichiren Buddhism and joined a youth group of the Soka Gakkai Buddhist association, which led to his lifelong work developing the global peace movement of SGI and founding numerous institutions dedicated to fostering peace, culture and education.[7][8]

Ikeda's vision for the SGI has been described as a "borderless Buddhist humanism that emphasizes free thinking and personal development based on respect for all life."[7]: 26  In the 1960s, Ikeda worked to reopen Japan's national relations with China and also to establish the Soka education network of humanistic schools from kindergartens through university level, while beginning to write what would become his multi-volume historical novel, The Human Revolution, about the Soka Gakkai's development during his mentor Josei Toda's tenure. In the 1970s, he established the Soka Gakkai International and initiated numerous international educational and cultural exchanges for peace. Since the 1980s, he has continually increased his anti-nuclear activism and citizen diplomacy.[7]

By 2015, Ikeda had published more than 50 dialogues with scholars, peace activists and leading world figures. In his role as SGI president, Ikeda has visited 55 nations and spoken on subjects including peace, environment, economics, women's rights, interfaith dialogue, nuclear disarmament, and Buddhism and science. Every year on the anniversary of the SGI's founding, January 26, Ikeda submits a peace proposal to the United Nations.[7][9]

Early life and background

Ikeda was born in Ōta, Tokyo, Japan, on the 2nd of January, 1928. Ikeda had four older brothers, two younger brothers, and a younger sister. His parents later adopted two more children, for a total of 10 children. Since the mid-nineteenth century, the Ikeda family had successfully farmed nori, edible seaweed, in Tokyo Bay. By the turn of the twentieth century, the Ikeda family business was the largest producer of nori in Tokyo. However, after the devastation of the 1923 Great Kantō earthquake, the family's enterprise was left in ruins, and by the time Ikeda was born, his family was financially struggling.[7]

In 1937, full-blown war erupted between Japan and China, and Ikeda's eldest brother, Kiichi, was drafted into military service. Within a few years, Ikeda's three other elder brothers were drafted as well.[10] In 1942, while all of his older brothers were overseas in the Asian theatres of World War II, Ikeda's father, Nenokichi, fell ill and was bedridden for two years. To help support his family, at the age of 14, Ikeda began working in the Niigata Steelworks munitions factory as part of Japan's wartime youth labor corps.[11]

In May 1945, Ikeda's home was destroyed by fire during an Allied air raid, and his family was forced to move to the Omori area of Tokyo. In May 1947, after having received no word from his eldest brother, Kiichi, for several years, Ikeda was informed by the Japanese government that Kiichi had been killed in action in Burma (now Myanmar).[12][13]

In August 1947, at the age of 19, Ikeda was invited by an old friend, to attend a Buddhist discussion meeting where he met Josei Toda, the second president of Japan's Soka Gakkai Buddhist organization. Ikeda said he found in Toda "an open and unaffected person, a man of unshakable conviction with a gift for explaining profound Buddhist concepts in logical, accessible terms." As a result of this encounter, Ikeda immediately began practicing Nichiren Buddhism and joined the Soka Gakkai. He became a charter member of the group's youth division and regarded Toda as his spiritual mentor, later stating that Toda influenced him through "the profound compassion that characterized each of his interactions."[14]

Career

Daisaku Ikeda at age 19

Shortly after the end of World War II, in January 1946, Ikeda gained employment with the Shobundo Printing Company in Tokyo. In March 1948, Ikeda graduated from Toyo Trade School and the following month entered the night school extension of Taisei Gakuin (present-day Tokyo Fuji University) where he majored in political science.[13] During this time, he worked as an editor of the children's magazine Shonen Nihon (Boy's Life Japan), which was published by one of Josei Toda's companies.[11][13] Over the next several years, between 1948 and 1953, Ikeda worked for various Toda-owned enterprises, including the Nihon Shogakkan publishing company, the Tokyo Construction Trust credit association, and the Okura Shoji trading company.[11][13]

Youth leadership

In 1953, at the age of 25, Ikeda was appointed as one of the Soka Gakkai's youth leaders. The following year, he was appointed as director of the Soka Gakkai's public relations bureau, and later became its chief of staff.[15]: 85 [11]: 77 

In April 1957, a group of young Soka Gakkai members in Osaka were arrested for allegedly distributing money, cigarettes and candies to support the political campaign of a local electoral candidate (who was also a Soka Gakkai member). Ikeda was later arrested and detained in jail for two weeks, charged with allegedly overseeing these activities. Ikeda's arrest came at a time when Soka Gakkai Buddhist candidates were achieving success at both national and local levels. With the growing influence of this liberal grassroots movement, factions of the conservative political establishment initiated a series of media attacks on the Soka Gakkai, culminating in Ikeda's arrest. After a lengthy court case that lasted until 1962, Ikeda was cleared of all charges.[16] The Soka Gakkai characterized this as a triumph over corrupt tyranny, which galvanized its movement.[3]

Soka Gakkai presidency

In May 1960, two years after Toda's death, Ikeda, then 32 years old, succeeded him as president of the Soka Gakkai. Soon after, Ikeda began to travel overseas to build connections between Soka Gakkai members living abroad and expand the movement globally.[17] The expansion of the Soka Gakkai movement internationally was, in Ikeda's words, "Toda's will for the future."[18] With his assumption of the Soka Gakkai presidency, Ikeda "continued the task begun by [Soka Gakkai founder] Tsunesaburo Makiguchi of fusing the ideas and principles of educational pragmatism with the elements of Buddhist doctrine."[2]

While the Soka Gakkai saw its most dramatic growth after World War II under Toda's leadership, Ikeda led the international growth of the Soka Gakkai and turned it into what is considered the largest, most diverse international lay Buddhist association in the world.[6][19] He reformed many of the organization's practices, including the aggressive conversion style (known as shakubuku) for which the group had become known in Japan, and improved the organization's public image, though it was sometimes still viewed with suspicion in Japan.[20][21][22][23][24] By the 1970s, Ikeda's leadership had expanded the Soka Gakkai into an international lay Buddhist movement increasingly active in peace, cultural, and educational activities."[25]

Soka Gakkai International founding

On January 26, 1975, a world peace conference was held in Guam, where Soka Gakkai representatives from 51 countries created an umbrella organization for the growing network of members around the world. This became the Soka Gakkai International (SGI). Ikeda took a leading role in the global organization's development and became the founding president of the SGI. In his address to the assembly, Ikeda encouraged the representatives to dedicate themselves to altruistic action, stating "Please devote yourselves to planting seeds of peace throughout the world."[11]: 128 

The SGI was created in part as a new international peace movement, and its founding meeting was held in Guam in a symbolic gesture referencing Guam's history as the site of some of World War II's bloodiest battles, and proximity to Tinian Island, launching place of the atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan.[26]

Resignation from Soka Gakkai presidency

In 1979, Ikeda resigned as president of the Soka Gakkai (in Japan), accepting responsibility for the organization's purported deviation from Nichiren Shōshū doctrines and accompanying conflict with its priesthood.[27] Nichiren Shōshū was the Buddhist denomination with which the Soka Gakkai had been associated since its founding, but the relationship between the two organizations was often strained. Hiroshi Hojo succeeded Ikeda as Soka Gakkai president, and Ikeda remained president of the Soka Gakkai International. Ikeda was also made honorary president of the Soka Gakkai in Japan.[28] From 1964 to 1990, Ikeda held the title of Sokoto (lay leader) among Nichiren Shōshū adherents.

Ikeda and the Soka Gakkai were excommunicated by Nichiren Shoshu on 28 November 1991[29][30][31][32] and on 11 August 1992.[33][34] Following the group's excommunication, Soka Gakkai members began to describe their group as Buddhism's first Protestant movement.[35]

Legacy

Under Ikeda's leadership, the SGI has developed as a broad-based grassroots peace movement around the world. Ikeda is credited with having fostered among SGI members an ethos of social responsibility and a strong spirit of global citizenship.[36] Ikeda's thoughts and work on a "Buddhist-based humanism"[37] are situated within a broader tradition of East-West dialogue in search of humanistic ideals.[38] In his biography of historian Arnold J. Toynbee, William McNeill describes the aim of the Toynbee-Ikeda dialogues as a "convergence of East and West," positing the pragmatic significance of which would be realized by the "flourishing in the Western world" of the Soka Gakkai organization.[39] Goulah's research into transformative world language learning characterizes Ikeda's Buddhist-inspired refinement of Makiguchi's Soka education philosophy as an approach engendering a "world view of dialogic resistance" that responds to the limitations of a neoliberal world view of education.[40]

Accomplishments

Peace, Culture and Education

Ikeda greets international students at Soka University, March 1990

Ikeda has founded many global institutions for the development of peace, culture and education, including Soka University in Tokyo, Japan, and Soka University of America in Aliso Viejo, California; Soka kindergarten, primary and secondary schools in Japan, Korea, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Brazil and Singapore; the Victor Hugo House of Literature, in France; the International Committee of Artists for Peace in the United States; the Min-On Concert Association in Japan; the Tokyo Fuji Art Museum in Japan; the Institute of Oriental Philosophy in Japan with offices in France, Hong Hong, India, Russia and the United Kingdom; the Toda Institute for Global Peace and Policy Research in Japan and the United States; and the Ikeda Center for Peace, Learning, and Dialogue in the United States.[41]

Since 1990, Ikeda has partnered with Rabbi Abraham Cooper and the Simon Wiesenthal Center, a Jewish human rights organization, to combat anti-Semitism in Japan. In a 2001 interview, Rabbi Cooper stated he was "getting nowhere after reaching out to the Japanese media about anti-Semitism in Japan. The only partners we found to help us bring our concerns to the Japanese public were people from Soka University under the leadership of Daisaku Ikeda. If you ask me who our best friend in Japan is, who 'gets it,' it is Ikeda. He was actually our first visitor to the Museum of Tolerance." Their friendship led to the joint development of a Japanese-language Holocaust exhibition The Courage to Remember, which was seen by more than two million people in Japan between 1994 and 2007. In 2015, a new version of the exhibit opened in Tokyo focusing on the bravery of Anne Frank and Chiune Sugihara.[11][42]

Ikeda was an original proponent of the Earth Charter Initiative, co-founded by Mikhail Gorbachev, and Ikeda has included details of the Charter in many of his annual peace proposals since 1997. The SGI has supported the Earth Charter with production of global exhibitions including Seeds of Change in 2002 that traveled to 27 nations and Seeds of Hope in 2010, correlating with the Earth Charter-related documentary film, A Quiet Revolution, which the SGI has donated to schools and educational programs around the world.[43][44]

Citizen diplomacy

Ikeda's work has been described by academics as citizen diplomacy for his contributions to diplomatic as well as intercultural ties between Japan and other countries, and more broadly among all peoples of the world.[45][46][47] Ikeda's dialogues with scholars, politicians, and cultural figures have increased awareness and support of humanitarian and peace activities, have facilitated deeper international relationships, and generated support for SGI-sponsored work on global issues including the environment and nuclear disarmament.[48][49]

Countries visited by SGI President Ikeda (in blue) outside of Japan (in red)

Academic researchers have suggested the body of literature chronicling Ikeda's diplomatic efforts and his more than 7,000 international dialogues[50] provides readers with a personal education and model of citizen diplomacy and, from a scholarly view, represents "a new current in interculturalism and educational philosophy."[51][52][53]

In 1970, Ikeda met several times with Austrian-Japanese politician and philosopher Richard von Coudenhove-Kalergi, an early pioneer of the European Union. Their discussions included East-West relations and the future of peace work.[54] Between 1971 and 1974, Ikeda conducted multiple dialogues with Arnold J. Toynbee in London and Tokyo. The major topics of their meetings were published as the book Choose Life.[55] In 1974, Ikeda conducted a dialogue with French novelist and Minister of Cultural Affairs Andre Malraux.[56]

In September 1974, Ikeda visited the Soviet Union and met with Premier Aleksei Kosygin. During their dialogue, Kosygin agreed with Ikeda, saying "We must abandon the very idea of war. It is meaningless. If we stop preparing for war and prepare instead for peace, we can produce food instead of armaments." He then asked Ikeda, "What is your basic ideology?" Ikeda replied, "I believe in peace, culture and education – the underlying basis of which is humanism." Kosygin said, "I have a high regard for those values. We need to realize them here in the Soviet Union as well."[57][58]: 415 [59]

The Ikeda Center for Peace, Learning, and Dialogue located in Cambridge, USA

In January 1975, Ikeda met with Henry Kissinger, the United States Secretary of State, to "urge the de-escalation of nuclear tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union."[4] The same month Ikeda met with Secretary-General of the United Nations Kurt Waldheim. Ikeda presented Waldheim with a petition containing the signatures of 10,000,000 people calling for total nuclear abolition. The petition was organized by youth groups of the Soka Gakkai International and was inspired by Ikeda's longtime anti-nuclear efforts.[60]

Ikeda's meetings with Nelson Mandela in the 1990s led to a series of SGI-sponsored anti-apartheid lectures, a traveling exhibit, and multiple student exchange programs at the university level.[61]

Sino-Japanese relations

Ikeda made several visits to China and met with Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai in 1974, though Sino-Japanese tensions remained over the brutalities of war waged by the Japanese militarists.[62] The visits led to the establishment of cultural exchanges of art, dance and music between China and Japan and opened academic exchanges between Chinese educational institutions and Soka University.[61] Chinese media describe Ikeda as an early proponent of normalizing diplomatic relations between China and Japan in the 1970s, citing his 1968 proposal that drew condemnation by some and the interest of others including Zhou Enlai.[63][64] It was said that Zhou Enlai entrusted Ikeda with ensuring that "Sino-Japanese friendship would continue for generations to come."[65]

Since 1975, cultural exchanges have continued between the Min-On Concert Association, founded by Ikeda, and institutions including the Chinese People's Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries.[66][67] After Ikeda's 1984 visit to China and meetings with public figures including Chinese Communist Party Leader Hu Yaobang and Deng Yingchao, academic observers estimated that Ikeda's 1968 proposal moved Japanese public sentiment to support closer diplomatic ties with China and his cultivation of educational and cultural ties helped strengthen state relations.[68]

Accolades

International awards

Notable awards received by Ikeda include:

International honors

In 1999, the Martin Luther King Jr. Chapel at Morehouse College in Atlanta honored Ikeda with the creation of the Gandhi King Ikeda Institute for Ethics and Reconciliation. In 2001, a traveling exhibition was created titled Gandhi, King, Ikeda: A Legacy of Building Peace that showcases the peace activism of Mahatma Gandhi, Martin Luther King Jr, and Daisaku Ikeda. Also in 2001, Lawrence Carter, an ordained Baptist minister and a dean at Morehouse College in Atlanta, initiated the annual Gandhi, King, Ikeda Community Builders Prize as a way of extolling individuals whose actions for peace transcend cultural, national and philosophical boundaries. The 2015 Gandhi King Ikeda award was bestowed upon Islamic scholar Fethullah Gülen.[85][86][87]

Reflecting pool at the Daisaku Ikeda Ecological Park visitor center in Londrina, Brazil

In 2000, the city of Londrina, Brazil honored Ikeda by naming a 300-acre nature reserve in his name. The Dr. Daisaku Ikeda Ecological Park is open to the public and its land, waterways, fauna and wildlife are protected by Brazil's Federal Conservation Law.[88]

In 2014, the City of Chicago named a section of Wabash Avenue in downtown Chicago "Daisaku Ikeda Way," with the Chicago City Council measure passing unanimously, 49 to 0.[89]

In both 2015 and 2016, the director of the Peace Research Institute Oslo announced that Daisaku Ikeda had been nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize, as confirmed by a Nobel Peace Laureate.[90][91]

The United States House of Representatives and individual states including Georgia, Missouri, and Illinois have passed resolutions honoring the service and dedication of Daisaku Ikeda as one "who has dedicated his entire life to building peace and promoting human rights through education and cultural exchange with deep conviction in the shared humanity of our entire global family." The state of Missouri praised Ikeda and his value of "education and culture as the prerequisites for the creation of true peace in which the dignity and fundamental rights of all people are respected."[92][93][94][95][96]

The Club of Rome has named Ikeda an honorary member,[97] and Ikeda has received more than 760 honorary citizenships from cities and municipalities around the world.[7]

At the International Day for Poets of Peace in February 2016, an initiative launched by the Mohammed bin Rashid World Peace Award, Daisaku Ikeda from Japan along with Kholoud Al Mulla from the UAE, K. Satchidanandan from India and Farouq Gouda from Egypt were named International Poets of Peace.[98] In presenting the honors, Shaikh Nahyan bin Mubarak Al Nahyan described the initiative as reinforcing "the idea that poetry, and literature in general, are a universal language that plays an important role in spreading the message of peace in the world," echoing the sentiments of Dr Hamad Al Shaikh Al Shaibani, chair of the World Peace Award's board of trustees, who cited the role of poets in "promoting a culture of hope and solidarity."[99]

Academic honors

In November 2010, the University of Massachusetts Boston bestowed an honorary doctorate upon Ikeda, marking the 300th academic honor he had received since receipt of his first honorary doctorate in 1975 from Moscow State University.[100] In his message of appreciation to the University of Massachusetts Boston, Ikeda said "The academic honors I have accepted have all been on behalf of the members of SGI around the world. This is recognition of their multifaceted contributions. As a private citizen, I will redouble my efforts to promote peace, cultural exchange and education."[101]

Personal life

Ikeda lives in Tokyo with his wife, Kaneko Ikeda (née Kaneko Shiraki, born 1932), whom he married on 3 May 1952. The couple have had three sons, Hiromasa (born 1953; vice president of Soka Gakkai),[155] Shirohisa (1955–1984), and Takahiro (born 1958).

Public image

American Civil Rights pioneer Rosa Parks chose as her favorite photograph an image from her first meeting with Ikeda in 1993. She explained:

I can't think of a more important moment in my life ... [Ikeda] said this meeting, between the two of us, was very special for him. It was for me, too. In his concern for human rights, Dr. Ikeda is ahead of many people in this century. He is a calm spirit, a humble man, a man of great spiritual enlightenment. We met for about an hour and talked about my life and challenges concerning the youth in our countries ... Our meeting can serve as a model for anyone. So the photograph of our first meeting is very important because it is history in the making.[156]

Yet, in 1995, Michelle Magee wrote a critical article in the San Francisco Chronicle in which she stated that the Soka Gakkai in Japan had been accused of "heavy-handed fund raising and proselytizing, as well as intimidating its foes and trying to grab political power."[157] The article quoted Takashi Shokei, a professor at Meisei University, who called Ikeda "a power-hungry individual who intends to take control of the government and make Soka Gakkai the national religion."

In 1996, Los Angeles Times writer Teresa Watanabe described Ikeda as a "puzzle of conflicting perceptions," with her interview subjects expressing vastly differing opinions of him, ranging from "a democrat," "a man of deep learning" and "an inspired teacher," to "a despot," "a threat to democracy" and "Japan's most powerful man." Watanabe reported that "Japanese tabloid coverage has affected his public image and blurred the lines between suspicion and fact, imagination and reality ..." concluding that "Nevertheless, there is no question that Ikeda spreads goodwill – and transforms stereotypes."[158]

In 2003, Dr. Lawrence Carter, Dean of the Martin Luther King Jr. Chapel at Morehouse College, praised Ikeda as a Japanese social reformer, stating: Controversy is an inevitable partner of greatness. No one who challenges the established order is free of it. Gandhi had his detractors, as did Dr. King, and Dr. Ikeda is no exception. Controversy camouflages the intense resistance of entrenched authority to conceding their special status and privilege. Insults are the weapons of the morally weak; slander is the tool of the spiritually bereft. Controversy is testament to the noble work of these three individuals (Gandhi, King and Ikeda) in their respective societies."[85][159]

Books

Ikeda is a prolific writer, peace activist and interpreter of Nichiren Buddhism.[160] His interests in photography, art, philosophy, poetry and music are reflected in his published works. In his essay collections and dialogues with political, cultural, and educational figures he discusses, among other topics: the transformative value of religion, the universal sanctity of life,[161] social responsibility, and sustainable progress and development.

The 1976 publication of Choose Life: A Dialogue (in Japanese, Nijusseiki e no taiga) is the published record of dialogues and correspondences that began in 1971 between Ikeda and British historian Arnold J. Toynbee about the "convergence of East and West"[162] on contemporary as well as perennial topics ranging from the human condition to the role of religion and the future of human civilization. Toynbee's 12-volume A Study of History had been translated into Japanese, which along with his lecture tours and periodical articles about social, moral and religious issues gained him popularity in Japan. To an expat's letter critical of Toynbee's association with Ikeda and Soka Gakkai, Toynbee wrote back: "I agree with Soka Gakkai on religion as the most important thing in human life, and on opposition to militarism and war."[163] To another letter critical of Ikeda, Toynbee responded: "Mr. Ikeda's personality is strong and dynamic and such characters are often controversial. My own feeling for Mr. Ikeda is one of great respect and sympathy."[164] As of 2012, the book had been translated and published in twenty-six languages.[165]

Ikeda's children's stories are "widely read and acclaimed," according to The Hindu, which reported that an anime series of 14 of the stories was to be shown on the National Geographic Channel.[166][167] In the Philippines, DVD sets of 17 of the animated stories were donated by Anak TV to a large school, as part of a nationwide literacy effort.[168]

In 2003, Japan's largest English-language newspaper, The Japan Times, began carrying periodic essays by Ikeda on global issues including peacebuilding, nuclear disarmament, and compassion. As of 2015, The Japan Times had published 26 essays by Ikeda, 15 of which were also published in a bilingual Japanese-English book titled "Embracing the Future."[169][170]

The Human Revolution

Ikeda's most well-known publication is the novel The Human Revolution (Ningen Kakumei), which was serialized in the Soka Gakkai's daily newspaper, the Seikyo Shimbun. The book's original English-edition foreword was written by British philosopher and historian Arnold J. Toynbee. The Human Revolution has been translated into English, Chinese, French, German, Spanish, Portuguese, Korean and Dutch and has sold over seven millions copies worldwide.[171] In the preface to The Human Revolution, the author describes the book as a "novelized biography of my mentor, Josei Toda."[172]: vii  The author's official website describes the book as an "historical novel [that] portrays the development of the Soka Gakkai in Japan, from its rebirth in the post-World War II era to the last years of its second president, Josei Toda."[173] In the preface to the 2004 edition, the author stated the narrative was edited to bring it in line with recent developments in the history of Nichiren Buddhism, and that he hoped "such revisions will help readers to better appreciate the original message of the book."[172]: x 

Selected works by Ikeda

References

  1. ^ "Daisaku Ikeda Profile". Soka University. Retrieved 22 February 2013.
  2. ^ a b Dayle Bethel (1974). "The Political Ideology of Ikeda Daisaku, President of Soka Gakkai". International Education. 3 (2).
  3. ^ a b Jason Goulah; Takao Ito (2012). "Daisaku Ikeda's Curriculum of Soka Education: Creating Value Through Dialogue, Global Citizenship, and 'Human Education' in the Mentor-Disciple Relationship". Curriculum Inquiry. 42 (1).
  4. ^ a b Editors (3 February 2015). "No More Nukes". Tricycle. Archived from the original on 18 February 2015. Retrieved 19 February 2015. {{cite news}}: |author= has generic name (help); Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  5. ^ Daniel Métraux (2013). "Soka Gakkai International: Japanese Buddhism on a Global Scale". Virginia Review of Asian Studies.
  6. ^ a b Clark Strand (Winter 2008). "Faith in Revolution". Triycle. Retrieved 19 February 2015.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g Olivier Urbain (2010). Daisaku Ikeda's Philosophy of Peace. I.B. Tauris. ISBN 978-1-84885-304-1.
  8. ^ "Timeline of Daisaku Ikeda's Life". daisakuikeda.org. Retrieved 4 February 2016.
  9. ^ "Daisaku Ikeda CV". daisakuikeda.org. Retrieved 4 February 2016.
  10. ^ Ikeda, Daisaku (11 May 1998). "My Mother". The Mirror Weekly(The Philippines).
  11. ^ a b c d e f Seager, Richard Hughes. Encountering the Dharma: Daisaku Ikeda, Soka Gakkai, and the Globalization of Buddhist Humanism. Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press, 2006.
  12. ^ M. LaVora Perry (2010). PeaceBuilders—Daisaku Ikeda & Josei Toda, Buddhist Leaders. Fortune Child Books. ISBN 978-0-9771113-1-2.
  13. ^ a b c d Timeline of Ikeda's life, daisakuikeda.org. Accessed 6 November 2013
  14. ^ Ikeda, Daisaku. "Education for Global Citizenship" (daisakuikeda.org). Teachers College, Columbia University, 13 June 1996
  15. ^ Kisala, Robert (2000). Prophets of peace: Pacifism and cultural identity in Japan's new religions. Honolulu, HI, USA: University of Hawai'i Press. ISBN 978-0-8248-2267-5.
  16. ^ "SŌKA GAKKAI". Virginia Commonwealth University. Archived from the original on 12 May 2014. Retrieved 19 February 2015.
  17. ^ Ronan Alves Pereira (2008). "The transplantation of Soka Gakkai to Brazil: building "the closest organization to the heart of Ikeda-Sensei"". Japanese Journal of Religious Study.
  18. ^ Daisaku Ikeda. The New Human Revolution. Vol. 1. World Tribune Press.
  19. ^ Daniel Métraux (2013). "Soka Gakkai International: The Global Expansion of a Japanese Buddhist Movement". Religion Compass.
  20. ^ Choy, Lee Khoon (1995). Japan, between myth and reality. Singapore [u.a.]: World Scientific. ISBN 981-02-1865-6.
  21. ^ Lewis, James R. (2003). Legitimating new religions ([Online-Ausg.]. ed.). New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press. ISBN 978-0-8135-3324-7.
  22. ^ Fujiwara, Hirotatsu (1970). I Denounce Soka Gakkai. Tokyo: Nisshin Hodo. ISBN 91-1-013550-2.
  23. ^ Furukawa, Toshiaki (2000). Karuto to shite no Sōka Gakkai = Ikeda Daisaku (Shohan. ed.). Tokyo: Daisan Shokan. ISBN 978-4-8074-0017-1.
  24. ^ Yanatori, Mitsuyoshi (1977). Sōka Gakkai (in Japanese). Tokyo: Kokusho Kankōkai.
  25. ^ Queen, Christopher S. and Sallie B. King, eds. (1996). Engaged Buddhism: Buddhist Liberation Movements in Asia. Albany: State University of New York Press. p. 365. ISBN 0-7914-2844-3. {{cite book}}: |first= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  26. ^ Ramesh Jaura. "SPECIAL REPORT: Peace Impulses from Okinawa". Global Perspectives. Retrieved 18 February 2015.
  27. ^ Shimada, Hiromi: Kōmeitō vs. Sōka Gakkai ("Conflicts between Komeito and Soka Gakkai"). Asahi Shinsho, Tokyo: May 2007. ISBN 978-4-02-273153-1. p. 114. Template:Ja icon
  28. ^ Shimada, Hiromi: Kōmeitō vs. Sōka Gakkai, p. 116. Template:Ja icon
  29. ^ Timeline of Ikeda's life, daisakuikeda.org
  30. ^ Strand, Clark, "Waking the Buddha", Middleway Press, 2014. ISBN 978-0-9779245-6-1. pp. 149–150
  31. ^ Métraux, Daniel A., "The Dispute Between the Soka Gakkai and the Nichiren Shoshu Priesthood: A Lay Revolution Against a Conservative Clergy", Japanese Journal of Religious Studies, 1992, 19/4, pp. 328 and 330
  32. ^ Wilson, Bryan and Dobbelaere, Kareland, "A Time to Chant: The Soka Gakkai Buddhists in Britain", Clarendon Press, 1994. ISBN 978-0-19-827915-0. p. 240
  33. ^ Mizoguchi, Atsushi: Ikeda Daisaku: Kenryokusha no Kōzō ("Daisaku Ikeda: The structure behind a man with power"). Tokyo: Kōdansha, 2005. ISBN 4-06-256962-0. p. 396 Template:Ja icon
  34. ^ Taisekiji: Nichiren Shōshū Nyūmon ("An introduction to Nichiren Shōshū"). Fujinomiya, 2002. p. 332 (chronology) and p. 240 Template:Ja icon
  35. ^ Howard W. French, "A Sect's Political Rise Creates Uneasiness in Japan", 14 November 1999. Accessed 19 November 2011.
  36. ^ Jacqueline I. Stone, "Nichiren's activist heirs: Sōka Gakkai, Risshō Kōsekai, Nipponzan Myōhōji", in Christopher Queen, et al., eds, Action Dharma: New Studies in Engaged Buddhism (London: Routledge Curzon, 2003). Scan (PDF) available here "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 December 2013. Retrieved 4 December 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link).
  37. ^ Ikeda, Daisaku (26 January 2006). "A New Era of the People: Forging a Global Network of Robust Individuals (2006 Peace Proposal)". Soka Gakkai International. Retrieved 16 August 2017.
  38. ^ Jupp, James C; Espinosa-Dulanto, Miryam (2017). "Beyond US-Centered Multicultural Foundations on Race". International Journal of Multicultural Education. 19 (2): 33. Retrieved 16 August 2017.
  39. ^ McNeill, William (1989). Arnold J. Toynbee: A Life. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 272–73. ISBN 0-19-505863-1.
  40. ^ Goulah, Jason (2010). "Chapter 6: Dialogic Resistance in Education: Tsunesaburo Makiguchi, Daisaku Ikeda and Transformative Language Learning". In Moss, David; Osborn, Terry A. (eds.). Critical Essays on Resistance in Education. Peter Lang Publishing, Inc. pp. 83–104. ISBN 978-1-4331-0788-7.
  41. ^ Goulah, Jason. 2010. "Daisaku Ikeda's Environmental Ethics of Humanitarian Competition: A Review of His United Nations Peace and Education Proposals." Peace Studies Journal 3:1 (April 2010). Central New York Peace Studies Consortium. p3. ISSN 2151-0806
  42. ^ "Major Holocaust Exhibit in Japan on Righteous Gentile Chiune Sugihara". Jewish Community of Lithuania. Retrieved 21 October 2015.
  43. ^ Rockefeller, Steven C. "Ethics & the Earth Charter" Interview. Accessed 29 August 2014.
  44. ^ "The Heart of the Matter: Infusing Sustainability Values in Education" (PDF). Earth Charter Center. Retrieved 21 October 2015.
  45. ^ Métraux, Daniel A. 1994. The Soka Gakkai Revolution. Lanham/New York/London: University Press of America. p126. ISBN 0-8191-9733-5
  46. ^ Indangasi, Henry. Preface. In Indangasi, Henry and Odari, Masumi, eds. 2001. Daisaku Ikeda and Africa: Reflections by Kenyan Writers. Nairobi, Kenya: University of Nairobi Press. pxiii. ISBN 9966-846-49-2.
  47. ^ Seager 2006, p119.
  48. ^ Seager, Richard Hughes. 2006. Encountering the Dharma: Daisaku Ikeda, Soka Gakkai, and the Globalization of Buddhist Humanism. Berkeley/Los Angeles/London: University of California Press. p120. ISBN 0-520-24577-6
  49. ^ Dobbelaere, Karel. "Toward a Pillar Organization?" In Machacek, David and Wilson, Bryan. 2000. Global Citizens: The Soka Gakkai Buddhist Movement in the World. p252. ISBN 0-19-924039-6
  50. ^ Goulah, Jason. "Dialogic Practice in Education." In Urbain, Olivier. 2013. Daisaku Ikeda and Dialogue for Peace. London/New York: I.B. Tauris. p83. ISBN 978-1-78076-572-3
  51. ^ Metraux 1994, p171.
  52. ^ Seager 2006, p121.
  53. ^ Goulah, Jason. 2012. "Daisaku Ikeda and Value-Creative Dialogue: A new current in interculturalism and educational philosophy." Educational Philosophy and Theory 44:9 (November 2013). Publisher: Philosophy of Education Society of Australasia. p 997–1009. doi:10.1111/j.1469-5812.2011.00827.x. Accessed 15 June 2014.
  54. ^ Teranashi, Hirotomo (2013). Urbain, Olivier (ed.). Daisaku Ikeda and Dialogue for Peace. I.B. Tauris. ISBN 978-0-85773-413-6.
  55. ^ Toynbee, Arnold; Ikeda, Daisaku; Gage, Richard L. (Ed.) (2007). Choose life : a dialogue. London: I.B. Tauris. ISBN 978-1-84511-595-1.
  56. ^ Andre Malraux and Daisaku Ikeda (2010). Ningen kakumei to ningen no joken (Changes Within: Human Revolution vs. Human Condition). Ushio Shuppansha Tokyo.
  57. ^ http://www.daisakuikeda.org/main/peacebuild/friends/aleksey-n-kosygin.html Aleksey N. Kosygin—Advocate of Peace in the Midst of the Cold War
  58. ^ https://books.google.com/books?id=umep6P6dYLAC&dq=Lebron+common&source=gbs_navlinks_s Searching for Spiritual Unity ... Can There Be Common Ground? By Robyn E. Lebron
  59. ^ http://www.sgiquarterly.org/borders2009Apr-1.html Russia—Cultivating the Common Ground of Peace
  60. ^ Nanda, Ved P. (2009). Krieger, David (ed.). The Challenge of Abolishing Nuclear Weapons. New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Publishers. ISBN 978-1-4128-1517-8.
  61. ^ a b Seager 2006, p120.
  62. ^ Zhou, Xiaofang (6 December 2014). "World Youth Symposium, Nankai University, Tianjin". Zhou Enlai Peace Institute. Retrieved 22 November 2016. At that time, Premier Zhou met with the great scholar and peace advocate, Mr. Daisaku Ikeda. His heart was still in pain, because of the campaign of the Japanese militarists against China, and the war between the two peoples was still fresh with the memory of enormous pain and suffering. But Premier Zhou Enlai of China received Dr. Ikeda with dignity and compassion; their conversation is of historic significance and bore great fruit. It set the stage for breaking the deadlock with the US and China, through the visit of Mr. Kissinger and President Nixon to China, and signalled the beginning of a move toward the normalization of relations.
  63. ^ Chong Zi and Qin Jize, "Praise for man that called for friendship". China Daily. 9 May 2008. p3.
  64. ^ "Ikeda was strongly criticized and even received death threats from right-wingers. Ikeda saw peace with China as fundamental to the stability of Asia, and considered the reintegration of China into the international community as vital to world peace. His call and behind-the-scenes efforts helped establish the groundwork for a series of political-level exchanges between China and Japan, culminating in the restoration of diplomatic relations in 1972." Excerpted from Cai Hong, "Books to connect cultures." China Daily. 4 July 2012.
  65. ^ 南开大学周恩来研究中心 (Zhou Enlai Research Center, Nankai University). 2001. 周恩来与池田大作 (Zhou Enlai and Daisaku Ikeda). 主编王永祥 (Edited by Wang Yongxian). Beijing, China: 中央文献出版社 (Central Literature Publishing House). p2. ISBN 7-5073-0973-8.
  66. ^ Gan Xianyi. 2013. "Min-On Folk Arts Group's Performance Tour of China." 7 November. CPAFFC. Accessed 14 June 2014.
  67. ^ Gao Hui. 2012. "Shaanxi Song and Dance Troupe's Performance Tour in Japan." Voice of Friendship, no. 70. December 2012. p22. ISSN 1000-9582. Accessed 14 June 2014.
  68. ^ Métraux, Daniel A. 1984. "Soka Gakkai Diplomacy", parts I and II. 11 and 12 July 1984. Asahi Evening News.
  69. ^ "2009 – Daisaku Ikeda". Retrieved 16 January 2015.
  70. ^ "The Guardian". Retrieved 16 January 2015.
  71. ^ "The Indian Sub-Continent Times". Retrieved 21 September 2015.
  72. ^ "Award honours Japanese poet." China Daily, 10 December 2003. p2.
  73. ^ "Shihab Ghanem receives Tagore Peace Award". Khaleej Times. Retrieved 2 February 2016.
  74. ^ "Jamnalal Bajaj Awards Archive". Jamnalal Bajaj Foundation.
  75. ^ "Indology Award for Soka Gakkai president Ikeda". The Hindu. New Delhi: Kasturi & Sons Ltd. 14 January 2011. Retrieved 22 August 2014.
  76. ^ Ristovski, Goce, ed. (2016). "Ohrid Academy of Humanism: World Prize of Humanism Winners/ОХРИДСКА АКАДЕМИЈА НА ХУМАНИЗМОТ: ДОБИТНИЦИ НА СВЕТСКАТА НАГРАДА ЗА ХУМАНИЗАМ" (pdf) (in Macedonian and English). Ohrid Academy of Humanism. Retrieved 9 January 2017.
  77. ^ Roxas-Mendoza, Psyche. "Daisaku Ikeda—Japanʼs Flowing River of Peace." Philippine Graphic (23 February 1998), pp 22–25.
  78. ^ "Conferment of Golden Heart Award to Dr. Daisaku Ikeda of Soka Gakkai International". Knights of Rizal. 17 December 2012. Archived from the original on 18 January 2013. Retrieved 13 July 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  79. ^ Cottrell, Christopher (23 November 2016). "Hiromasa Ikeda and Professor Manson Fok on Peace: Meeting of hearts and minds in Manila". South China Sea Magazine. Fujian, China: Christopher Cottrell. Retrieved 29 November 2016.
  80. ^ "On the Ceremony of the Order of Friendship: Honorary President of the Society Soka Gakkai Daisaku Ikeda at the Russian Embassy of Japan" (in Russian). Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation official website. 29 February 2008. Retrieved 28 January 2014.
  81. ^ "Second Annual Wee Kim Wee-Soka Gakkai International Seminar on Global Peace & Understanding". Singapore Management University. 30 March 2017. Retrieved 30 March 2017.
  82. ^ "Library of Congress". Retrieved 17 January 2015.
  83. ^ a b c d Goulah, Jason (April 2010). "Daisaku Ikeda's Environmental Ethics of Humanitarian Competition: A Review of His United Nations Peace and Educational Proposals" (pdf). Peace Studies Journal. 3 (1): 3. Retrieved 7 July 2017.
  84. ^ "Soka Gakkai Leader, Daisaku Ikeda, to Receive United Nations Peace Award" (Press Release 83/30). Tokyo, Japan. United Nations Information Centre. 8 August 1983. The Award, comprising a letter of commendation from the Secretary-General accompanied by the United Nations Peace Medal, will be presented to Mr. Ikeda by the United Nations Under-Secretary-General for Public Information, Yasushi Akashi, in a brief ceremony at 15.00 hours at the International House of Friendship in Shibuya. {{cite press release}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  85. ^ a b Rautenstraus, Kent. "Dean Lawrence Carter Communes with Mystics: from Gandhi to King to Ikeda to Holmes" (PDF). Science of Mind (June 2013): 20. Retrieved 30 July 2014.
  86. ^ "Morehouse College Martin Luther King Jr. International Chapel: Dean of the Chapel". Morehouse College. Archived from the original on 28 September 2016. Retrieved 30 July 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  87. ^ "Gandhi King Ikeda Award for Peace Ceremony". Atlantic Institute. 15 April 2015. Retrieved 9 November 2016. The award ceremony took place in the evening of Thursday, April 9, 2015 at the MLK Int'l Chapel Crown Nave. The recipient of this prestigious award was Mr. Fethullah Gulen due to his "interfaith and cross-cultural dialogue about science, democracy and spirituality and opposition to violence and the misuses of religion as political ideology [which] made [him] the humanizing face of Islam."
  88. ^ "Parque Ecológico Dr. Daisaku Ikeda". Prefeitura de Londrina. Retrieved 3 February 2016.
  89. ^ "Office of the City Clerk: Legislative Information Center". Chicago Legistar. Retrieved 10 August 2015.
  90. ^ "Nobel Peace Prize 2015: PRIO Director's Speculations". PRIO. Retrieved 3 August 2015.
  91. ^ "Nobel Peace Prize 2016: PRIO Director's Speculations". PRIO. Retrieved 3 February 2016.
  92. ^ CONGRESS 1ST SESSION H. RES. 844, Recognizing the service and dedication of Dr. Daisaku Ikeda and celebrating his 80th birthday, 110TH, the House of Representatives, State of Illinois, December 5, 2007
  93. ^ E103 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, the House of Representatives, State of Georgia; January 15, 2009
  94. ^ House Resolution No. 0620C.01, the state of Missouri grant an exceptional honor, the House of Representatives, State of Missouri, 2004
  95. ^ Bill Status of HR0791, Illinois General Assembly, State of Illinois, October 24, 2007
  96. ^ Bill Status of HR0797, Illinois General Assembly, State of Illinois, December 23, 2009
  97. ^ List of Honorary Members Archived 7 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine, Club of Rome.
  98. ^ Barakat, Noorhan (23 February 2016). "Four Poets of Peace honoured in Dubai". Gulf News. Dubai, UAE. Retrieved 7 December 2016.
  99. ^ "Four Poets of Peace honoured on the International Day for Poets of Peace". Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum Award for World Peace. n.d. Retrieved 7 December 2016.
  100. ^ 創価学会の池田名誉会長、海外からの称号300個に Archived 24 November 2010 at the Wayback Machine
  101. ^ "Buddhist leader receives honorary degree from UMass Boston in Japan". Office of Communications. UMass Boston News. 23 November 2010. Accessed 3 December 2015.
  102. ^ http://www.phys.msu.ru/rus/about/sovphys/ISSUES-2006/6(53)-2006/53-5/
  103. ^ "Honorary Degrees and Titles" (PDF), University of Macau. Accessed 1 January 2010.
  104. ^ "Four Distinguished Persons Honored by CUHK: Dr. Daisaku Ikeda". Press Release. 16 October 2000.
  105. ^ "Honorary Degrees". University of Nairobi.
  106. ^ a b c "Conferral Ceremony". Retrieved 5 October 2012.
  107. ^ 池田大作教授領受名譽博士學位儀式 [Professor Ikeda receives honorary doctorate, ceremony]. 14 November 1995. Congregations 典禮 Archived 31 May 2014 at the Wayback Machine. University of Macau Publications (澳 大出版品).
  108. ^ Citation Archived 28 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine, University of Hong Kong, 2005. Accessed 1 January 2010.
  109. ^ "Honorary degree awarded U.N. Peace Award winner", University of Delaware Update vol. 19, no. 18, 3 February 2000. Accessed 1 January 2010.
  110. ^ "Wang Jiangyu names Mr. Daisaku Ikeda as an honorary professor."[permanent dead link] Beijing Administrative College.
  111. ^ Press release, University of Sydney, 7 October 2010. Accessed 1 January 2010.
  112. ^ Press release, Chinese University of Hong Kong, 16 October 2000. Retrieved 1 January 2010.
  113. ^ "RUC and the world Archived 8 July 2012 at archive.today", Renmin University of China. Accessed 12 February 2013.
  114. ^ 潘云鹤校长率团访问日本 Archived 3 April 2015 at the Wayback Machine ("Zhejiang University President Pan Yunheʼs visit to Japan"). 11 November 2002. News. Office of Zhejiang University. Accessed 16 May 2014.
  115. ^ 上海财经大学人文学院各系所情况简介: 经济哲学系 Archived 10 August 2014 at the Wayback Machine (College of Humanities Departmental Briefing: Economic Philosophy Department). Accessed 8 August 2014.
  116. ^ 我校聘请池田大作先生为名誉教授 Internet Archive of BLCU site. Accessed 15 August 2014.
  117. ^ "Đại học Quốc gia Hà Nội trao tặng Bằng tiến sĩ danh dự cho Tiến sĩ Daisaku Ikeda" (National University, Hanoi awards honorary doctorate degree to Dr. Daisaku Ikeda), 29 September 2005. Accessed 13 August 2014.
  118. ^ Recommendation of the Honorary Degree of Doctor of Humane Letters, Southern Illinois University, Board of Trustees, March 9, 2006
  119. ^ Untitled page, Jiaying University. Accessed 12 February 2013.
  120. ^ "Yan'an University in Shaanxi, China, Confers Lifetime Professorship Archived 4 November 2012 at the Wayback Machine", Yan'an University. Accessed 12 February 2013.
  121. ^ 我校代表团出访日、韩 Archived 15 August 2014 at the Wayback Machine (Our School Delegation to Japan, South Korea). 23 December 2008.
  122. ^ "OUM Honours Proponent of World Peace and Humanity" Archived 31 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Last updated 1 April 2010. OUM News & Events. Accessed 1 August 2014.
  123. ^ "OUM Confers Honorary Doctorate to Dr Daisaku Ikeda". 24 February 2010. Bernama Education News Update. Accessed 1 August 2014.
  124. ^ "Distinguirán al presidente de Soka Gakkai de Japón"[permanent dead link], El Deber. 5 March 2009. Accessed 31 August 2014.
  125. ^ "Queen's builds £2.3 million bridge with the Far East". Queen's University, Belfast. Queen's University, Belfast Communications and External Affairs Office. 18 May 2009. Retrieved 21 September 2015.
  126. ^ "Penganugerahan Doctor Honoris Causa untuk Prof. Dr. Daisaku Ikeda Archived 5 June 2013 at the Wayback Machine".
  127. ^ "Rector traveled to Japan to present the respective certificates to of honorary doctorate", Yerevan State Academy of Fine Arts and Artists, reproduced at World News, 26 March 2011.
  128. ^ "Monsieur Daisaku Ikeda, philosophe bouddhiste japonais, artisan de la paix, auteur et poète Archived 15 December 2010 at the Wayback Machine", Université Laval. Accessed 1 January 2010.
  129. ^ http://news.gmu.edu/articles/3392
  130. ^ "the chancellor conferred an honorary doctorate of humanities to peace activist Dr Daisaku Ikeda Archived 8 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine", Universiti Malaya.
  131. ^ a b "Daisaku Ikeda, SGI president, has been honoured Professorship by Osh State University" Archived 8 August 2014 at the Wayback Machine OSU News. Accessed 4 August 2014.
  132. ^ "Rector UPV nombra Doctor Honoris Causa al destacado líder pacifista japonés Daisaku Ikeda", Universia, 9 September 2010. Accessed 19 March 2012.
  133. ^ "Buddhist leader receives honorary degree from UMass Boston in Japan". Office of Communications. UMass Boston News. 23 November 2010. Accessed 27 June 2014.
  134. ^ "Pedro Pedrossiam recebe título de doutor honoris causa da UFMT" Accessed 4 August 2014.
  135. ^ "Buckingham delegation visits Japan". Retrieved 27 November 2011.
  136. ^ "Utepsa declara Doctor Honoris Causa a fundador de Soka Gakkai" Archived 20 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine, El Deber. 26 April 2012. Accessed 29 September 2014.
  137. ^ "U of G President Receives International Awards," The Portico 45:1, p7. Accessed 5 August 2014.
  138. ^ "Honorary Doctorates" (PDF). UKZNDABA Graduation Special 2013. May 2013. p. 11. Retrieved 27 February 2014.
  139. ^ "A Man of Mettle". The Pioneer. 20 March 2014. Retrieved 8 March 2017.
  140. ^ "Conferment of the Degree of Doctor of Humanities, Honoris Causa, upon Dr. Daisaku Ikeda", University of the East News. 29 September 2014. Accessed 29 September 2014.
  141. ^ "Two delegations led by senior Soka officials visit China". Soka University, Japan. 20 October 2014. Retrieved 17 January 2017.
  142. ^ "University Honorary Doctors—RUDN University awarded professor Daisaku Ikeda". RUDN University. n.d. Retrieved 17 January 2017.
  143. ^ "Madurai Institute of Social Sciences confers honorary professorship on President Ikeda". Bharat Soka Gakkai, India. 18 April 2015. Retrieved 18 January 2017.
  144. ^ Kwon Byung-ki (4 May 2015). "북한대학원大,이케다 SGI회장 명예석좌교수 임용" [University of North Korean Studies appoints SGI chairperson Ikeda honorary chair professor]. Korea Daily News (in Korean). Retrieved 27 January 2017.
  145. ^ "中国・佛山科学技術学院から創立者へ名誉教授称号" [China's Foshan University confers title of honorary professor to Soka University founder]. Soka University, Japan (in Chinese). 28 May 2015. Retrieved 17 January 2017.
  146. ^ Maylaine Nierg (13 August 2015). "Universidade Castelo Branco concede titulo de doutor Honoris Causa a Daisaku Ikeda, presidende de ONG japoneza que promove a paz" [Castelo Branco University awarded the title of doctor Honoris Causa to Daisaku Ikeda, president of Japanese NGO that promotes peace]. Universidade Castelo Branco (in Portuguese). Retrieved 27 January 2017.
  147. ^ "Honorary Doctoral Degree Recipients". Kyungnam University. n.d. Retrieved 17 January 2017.
  148. ^ Lee, Irene (16 May 2016). "Congratulations" (pdf). Chienkuo Monthly (in Chinese and English). No. 265. Chienkuo Technology University. p. 4. Retrieved 17 January 2017.
  149. ^ "Citation". Jagran Lakecity University. n.d. Retrieved 17 January 2017.
  150. ^ "インドのボパール・バルカトゥッラー大 学より創立者に名誉文学博士号が授与" [Barkatullah University in Bhopal, India awards Honorary Doctorate of Letters to Soka founder] (pdf). SUN (Soka Univ. News) (in Japanese). No. 89. Soka University, Japan. Spring 2016. p. 22. Retrieved 15 January 2017.
  151. ^ "Kyrgyz college presents Soka founder with first-ever honorary doctorate". Soka University, Japan. 16 March 2016. Retrieved 17 January 2017.
  152. ^ "Events of Tuesday, August 23, 2016: 'Distinción De Visitante Ilustre Y Doctor Honoris Causa'". Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. 23 August 2016. Retrieved 15 January 2017.
  153. ^ Marciano, Rachel (12 January 2017). "Global Peacemaker Daisaku Ikeda Receives Honorary Degree from DePaul" (Press release). Office of Public Relations and Communications, DePaul University. Retrieved 15 January 2017.
  154. ^ "Resolução nº 004, de 15 de março de 2017" [Resolution No. 004 of 15 March 2017]. Universidade Federal do Acre (in Portuguese). 23 March 2017. Retrieved 5 April 2017.
  155. ^ "Soka Gakkai Delegation Visits China". Soka Gakkai International. 13 January 2012. Archived from the original on 16 December 2013. Retrieved 6 November 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  156. ^ Kismaric, Carole and Heiferman, Marvin. Talking Pictures: People Speak about the Photographs that Speak to Them. San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 1994. ISBN 978-0-8118-0382-3. Pp. 198–199
  157. ^ Michelle Magee, "Japan Fears Another Religious Sect", San Francisco Chronicle, 27 December 1995. Accessed 6 November 2013.
  158. ^ Watanabe, Teresa (15 March 1996). "Japan's Crusader or Corrupter?". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 3 December 2013.
  159. ^ Gamble, Adam (1994). A Public Betrayed: An Inside Look at Japanese Media Atrocities and Their Warnings to the West. NY, NY: Regnery Publishing. ISBN 978-0-89526-046-8.
  160. ^ Chilson, Clark. 2014. "Cultivating Charisma: Ikeda Daisaku's Self Presentations and Transformational Leadership." Archived 30 December 2014 at the Wayback Machine Journal of Global Buddhism vol 15 (2014):65–78. p67. ISSN 1527-6457 (online)
  161. ^ "Stop the Killing", The World is Yours to Change, [by Daisaku Ikeda, Asahi Press, Tokyo, 2002]. Accessed 29 April 2013.
  162. ^ McNeill, William H. 1989. Arnold J. Toynbee: A Life. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. p273. ISBN 0-19-505863-1
  163. ^ Qtd. in McNeill 1989, pp 272–273.
  164. ^ Qtd. in McNeill 1989, p273.
  165. ^ Goulah Jason, Ito Takao (2012). "Daisaku Ikeda's Curriculum of Soka Education: Creating Value Through Dialogue, Global Citizenship, and 'Human Education' in the Mentor-Disciple Relationship". Curriculum Inquiry. 42 (1): 65. doi:10.1111/j.1467-873X.2011.00572.x.
  166. ^ Educating kids through animated films, The Hindu
  167. ^ Chinese Part 1 – Dr. Daisaku Ikeda's animation stories – Malaysia ntv7
  168. ^ Riain, Alfonso (24 September 2015). "Values education through animé". SunStar. Philippines. Retrieved 25 September 2015.
  169. ^ "Author Daisaku Ikeda". The Japan Times. Retrieved 29 October 2015.
  170. ^ "Embracing the Future". The Japan Times. Retrieved 29 October 2015.
  171. ^ McLaughlin. PhD dissertation, Princeton University., Levi (2009). Soka Gakkai in Japan. Princeton University: Dissertation. p. 150.
  172. ^ a b Ikeda, Daisaku (2004). The Human Revolution. Santa Monica, California: World Tribune Press. ISBN 0-915678-77-2.
  173. ^ Daisaku Ikeda Website Committee, "The Human Revolution Vol. 1–6"

Further reading

  • Seager, Richard: Encountering the Dharma: Daisaku Ikeda, Soka Gakkai, and the Globalization of Buddhist Humanism. University of California Press, 2006; ISBN 978-0-520-24577-8
  • Urbain, Olivier: Daisaku Ikeda's Philosophy of Peace: Dialogue, Transformation and Global Citizenship. I.B. Tauris, 2010; ISBN 978-1-84885-304-1

Official Daisaku Ikeda websites

Related websites

Interviews

  • [1] - IDN Interview of Daisaku Ikeda by Ramesh Jaura, in 2015
  • tricyle.com – Tricycle Magazine Interview of Daisaku Ikeda by Clark Strand, Winter 2008 issue
  • [2] - New Zealand's Scoop Independent News Interview with Daisaku Ikeda by Alastair Thompson, in 2014

Soka Gakkai presidency

Preceded by
Jōsei Toda
Acting President
Takashi Koizumi(小泉隆)
File:Sanshokuki2.svg 3rd President of Soka Gakkai
3 May 1960 – 24 April 1979
Succeeded by
Hiroshi Hojo (北条浩)