Leveling mechanism: Difference between revisions
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In [[cultural anthropology]], a '''leveling mechanism''' is a practice that acts to ensure [[social equality]], usually by shaming or humbling members of a group that attempt to put themselves above other members.<ref name=routledge>{{Cite web |url=http://cw.routledge.com/textbooks/9780415485395/glossary.asp |title=Cultural Anthropology: Global Forces, Local Issues - Student Resources Glossary|author=Eller, Jack David |publisher=[[Routledge]] |work=Cultural Anthropology: Global Forces, Local Lives |accessdate=28 September 2010}}</ref> |
In [[cultural anthropology]], a '''leveling mechanism''' is a practice that acts to ensure [[social equality]], usually by shaming or humbling members of a group that attempt to put themselves above other members.<ref name=routledge>{{Cite web |url=http://cw.routledge.com/textbooks/9780415485395/glossary.asp |title=Cultural Anthropology: Global Forces, Local Issues - Student Resources Glossary|author=Eller, Jack David |publisher=[[Routledge]] |work=Cultural Anthropology: Global Forces, Local Lives |accessdate=28 September 2010}}</ref> |
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One commonly given example of a leveling mechanism is the [[ǃKung people|!Kung]] practice of "shaming the meat", particularly as illustrated by the Canadian anthropologist [[Richard Borshay Lee]] in his article "Eating Christmas in the Kalahari" (1969). <ref name="christmas">{{Cite web |url=http://windward.hawaii.edu/facstaff/dagrossa-p/articles/EatingChristmas.pdf |title=Eating Christmas in the Kalahari |publisher=[[American Museum of Natural History]] |year=1969 |format=PDF |accessdate=2010-09-28}}</ref> When Lee gave the !Kung an ox as a Christmas gift, the !Kung responded by insulting the gift, calling it a "bag of bones" and joking that they would have to eat the horns because there was no meat on it. Lee later asked a man named Tomazo why his gift was insulted in this way. He responded that it was because the gift was arrogant. Lee asked what he meant by this and was told: |
One commonly given example of a leveling mechanism is the [[ǃKung people|!Kung]] practice of "shaming the meat", particularly as illustrated by the Canadian anthropologist [[Richard Borshay Lee]] in his article "Eating Christmas in the Kalahari" (1969). <ref name="christmas">{{Cite web |url=http://windward.hawaii.edu/facstaff/dagrossa-p/articles/EatingChristmas.pdf |title=Eating Christmas in the Kalahari |publisher=[[American Museum of Natural History]] |year=1969 |format=PDF |accessdate=2010-09-28 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100704230658/http://windward.hawaii.edu/facstaff/dagrossa-p/articles/EatingChristmas.pdf |archivedate=2010-07-04 |df= }}</ref> When Lee gave the !Kung an ox as a Christmas gift, the !Kung responded by insulting the gift, calling it a "bag of bones" and joking that they would have to eat the horns because there was no meat on it. Lee later asked a man named Tomazo why his gift was insulted in this way. He responded that it was because the gift was arrogant. Lee asked what he meant by this and was told: |
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{{quote|Yes, when a young man kills much meat he comes to think of himself as a chief or a big man, and he thinks of the rest of us as his servants or inferiors. We can’t accept this. We refuse one who boasts, for someday his pride will make him kill somebody. So we always speak of his meat as worthless. This way we cool his heart and make him gentle."|Tomazo|"Eating Christmas in the Kalahari" <ref name="christmas"/>}} |
{{quote|Yes, when a young man kills much meat he comes to think of himself as a chief or a big man, and he thinks of the rest of us as his servants or inferiors. We can’t accept this. We refuse one who boasts, for someday his pride will make him kill somebody. So we always speak of his meat as worthless. This way we cool his heart and make him gentle."|Tomazo|"Eating Christmas in the Kalahari" <ref name="christmas"/>}} |
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In cultural anthropology, a leveling mechanism is a practice that acts to ensure social equality, usually by shaming or humbling members of a group that attempt to put themselves above other members.[1]
One commonly given example of a leveling mechanism is the !Kung practice of "shaming the meat", particularly as illustrated by the Canadian anthropologist Richard Borshay Lee in his article "Eating Christmas in the Kalahari" (1969). [2] When Lee gave the !Kung an ox as a Christmas gift, the !Kung responded by insulting the gift, calling it a "bag of bones" and joking that they would have to eat the horns because there was no meat on it. Lee later asked a man named Tomazo why his gift was insulted in this way. He responded that it was because the gift was arrogant. Lee asked what he meant by this and was told:
Yes, when a young man kills much meat he comes to think of himself as a chief or a big man, and he thinks of the rest of us as his servants or inferiors. We can’t accept this. We refuse one who boasts, for someday his pride will make him kill somebody. So we always speak of his meat as worthless. This way we cool his heart and make him gentle."
— Tomazo, "Eating Christmas in the Kalahari" [2]
References
- ^ Eller, Jack David. "Cultural Anthropology: Global Forces, Local Issues - Student Resources Glossary". Cultural Anthropology: Global Forces, Local Lives. Routledge. Retrieved 28 September 2010.
- ^ a b "Eating Christmas in the Kalahari" (PDF). American Museum of Natural History. 1969. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-07-04. Retrieved 2010-09-28.
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