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Restored a revised version of the information on Chi Sau and Chi Geuk from https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Wing_Chun&oldid=864505320#Chi_Sau
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{{Other uses}}
{{Other uses}}
{{short description|Martial art}}

{{multiple issues|
{{copy edit|for=grammar and style|date=October 2018}}
{{lead too short|date=October 2018}}
{{more citations needed|date=April 2015}}
{{more citations needed|date=April 2015}}
}}
{{Infobox martial art
{{Infobox martial art
| logo = File:WingChunSign.gif
| logo = File:WingChunSign.svg
| logocaption =
| logocaption =
| logosize = 200px
| image =
| image =
| imagecaption =
| imagecaption =
| name = Wing Chun Kuen
| imagesize = 250px
| name = Wing Chun
| aka = Ving Tsun, Wing Tsun. Ving Chun
| focus = [[Strike (attack)|Striking]], [[Grappling#Stand-up grappling|Grappling]], [[Clinch fighting#Trapping techniques|Trapping]]
| aka = Wing Tsun, Ving Tsun
| country = China
| focus = [[Strike (attack)|Striking]], [[Clinch fighting#Trapping techniques|Trapping]]
| country = {{flagdeco|China}} [[China]]
| creator = [[Ng Mui]] of the [[Five Elders]]
| creator = [[Ng Mui]] of the [[Five Elders]]
| parenthood = [[Fujian White Crane]], [[Shequan]]
| parenthood = [[Fujian White Crane]], [[Shequan]]
| descendant arts = [[Jeet Kune Do]]{{citation needed|date=January 2018}} and [[Human Martial Art (HMA)]]{{citation needed|date=January 2018}}
| descendant arts = [[Jeet Kune Do]]
| famouss_pract = [[Donnie Yen]], [[Robert Downey Jr.]], [[Bruce Lee]], [[Ip Man]], [[Philip Ng]]
| famouss_pract = [[Donnie Yen]], [[Bruce Lee]], [[Ip Man]], [[Philip Ng]], [[Yuen Kay Shan]]
| olympic = No
| olympic = No
}}
}}
{{Infobox Chinese
{{Infobox Chinese
|title = Wing Chun
| title = Wing Chun
|l = "Spring Chant"
| l = "beautiful springtime"
|t = {{linktext|詠春}}
| t = {{linktext|詠春}}
|s = {{linktext|咏|春}}
| s = {{linktext|咏|春}}
|p = Yǒng Chūn
| p = Yǒng Chūn
|w = Yung³ Ch'un¹
| w = Yung³ Ch'un¹
|tp= Yǒng Chun
| tp = Yǒng Chun
|mi= {{IPA-cmn|jʊ̀ŋ ʈʂʰwə́n|}}
| mi = {{IPA-cmn|jʊ̀ŋ ʈʂʰwə́n|}}
|bpmf = ㄩㄥˇ ㄔㄨㄣ
| bpmf = ㄩㄥˇ ㄔㄨㄣ
|h = Yún Chhûn
| h = Yún Chhûn
|y = Wihng Cheūn
| y = Wihng Cheūn
|sl= Wing<sup>6</sup> Cheun<sup>1°</sup>
| sl = Wing<sup>6</sup> Cheun<sup>1°</sup>
|j = Wing6 Ceon1
| j = Wing6 Ceon1
|gd= Wing<sup>6</sup> Cên<sup>1</sup>
| gd = Wing<sup>6</sup> Cên<sup>1</sup>
|ci= {{IPA-yue|wèːŋ tsʰɵ́n|}}
| ci = {{IPA-yue|wèːŋ tsʰɵ́n|}}
|poj= Éng-chhun
| poj = Éng-chhun
|showflag=py
| showflag = py
| vie = Vĩnh Xuân
| c =
| altname =
}}
}}


'''Wing Chun Kuen''' ({{cjkv|t=詠春拳}}), usually called '''Wing Chun''' (詠春), is a concept-based [[Southern Chinese martial art|traditional Southern Chinese Kung fu]] ([[wushu (sport)|wushu]]) style and a form of [[self-defence]], also known as "beautiful springtime", that requires quick arm movements and strong legs to defeat opponents.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.wingchunconcepts.com/about.php|title=About Wing Chun Kung Fu|last=Concepts|first=Steve Creel, Wing Chun|website=Wing Chun Concepts |language=en|access-date=2018-11-26}}</ref> [[Hard and soft (martial arts)|Softness]] (via relaxation) and performance of techniques in a relaxed manner is fundamental to Wing Chun. According to legend, it was created by [[Ng Mui]], an abbess who taught it to her student [[Yim Wing-chun]] as a means to defend herself against unwanted advances. The martial art is named after her. According to [[Ip Man]], "Chi Sau in Wing Chun is to maintain one's flexibility and softness, all the while keeping in the strength to fight back, much like the flexible nature of bamboo".<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/long-reads/article/2186246/me-and-my-uncle-ip-man-taught-bruce-lee-wing-chun|title=Wing Chun and Bruce Lee|accessdate=2019-02-17|publisher=Post Magazine}}</ref> Notable practitioners of Wing Chun include [[Ip Man]], [[Bruce Lee]], [[Brandon Lee]], [[Jackie Chan]], [[Donnie Yen]], [[Robert Downey Jr]]
'''Wing Chun''' ({{cjkv|t=詠春}}) is a [[Southern Chinese martial art|traditional Southern Chinese Kung fu]] ([[wushu (sport)|wushu)]] styles in close range [[combat]].{{citation needed|date=October 2018}}

== Lexicology ==
'''Wing Chun''' is the most common [[romanization]], from the Cantonese pronunciation ({{zh|t=詠春|s=咏春|cy=Wing<sup>6</sup> Cheun<sup>1</sup>|p=Yǒng Chūn|first=j|l=Spring Chant}}). It is also romanized as '''Ving Tsun''' or '''Wing Tsun''', and sometimes the characters are substituted with a [[homonym]] {{linktext|永|春}} ({{zh|cy=Wing<sup>6</sup> Cheun<sup>1</sup>|l=Eternal Spring}}).
Even though it could be considered a linguistically erroneous romanization at least from English-speaking countries perspective, especially in Finland,<ref>{{Cite web
| url = http://wingtsung.fi/wing-tsung/historiaa/
| title = Historiaa - Wing Tsung Kung Fu Finland
| website = Wing Tsung Kung Fu Finland
| language = en-US
| access-date = 2016-02-28
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web
| url = http://wingtsungkuopio.fi/
| title = Mitä on Wing Tsung? - Wing Tsung Kuopio
| website = Wing Tsung Kuopio
| language = en-US
| access-date = 2016-02-28
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web
| url = http://wingtsungvantaa.wix.com/wingtsung#!about2/cbql
| title = Wing Tsung Vantaa
| website = Wing Tsung Vantaa
| access-date = 2016-02-28
}}</ref> Germany<ref>{{Cite web
| url = http://www.wing-tsung.de/
| title = :: Wing- Tsung.de ::
| website = www.wing-tsung.de
| access-date = 2016-02-28
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web
| url = http://www.iwtaa.de/
| title = WTAA - WTAA
| website = www.iwtaa.de
| access-date = 2016-02-28
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web
| url = http://www.wingtsung.info/50-0-WT+Schule.html
| title = Kampfkunstschulen Dai-Sifu Reimers {{!}} WT Schule
| last = München
| first = Dai-Sifu Reimers - Kampfsportschule
| website = www.wingtsung.info
| access-date = 2016-02-28
}}</ref> and Turkey<ref>{{Cite web
| url = http://www.wtaa-tr.org/
| title = WTAA Federasyonu 土耳其詠春阿塔曼拳術總會
| last = WTAA-TR
| website = www.wtaa-tr.org
| access-date = 2016-02-28
}}</ref> (and as a commonplace term in some other countries such as Austria,<ref>{{Cite web
| url = http://www.wingtsung.at/
| title = wingtsung kampfkunst marcus neuner selbstverteidigung
| website = WingTsung
| language = de-DE
| access-date = 2016-02-28
}}</ref> Bulgaria,<ref>{{Cite web
| url = http://wmaa-bulgaria.com/
| title = Винг Чун Кунг Фу и Ескрима - WMAA - България -
| website = Винг Чун Кунг Фу и Ескрима - WMAA - България
| language = bg-BG
| access-date = 2016-02-28
}}</ref> Italy,<ref>{{Cite web
| url = http://www.shodan.it/approfondimenti.asp?IdA=32
| title = Palestra Shodan - Wing Tsung
| website = www.shodan.it
| access-date = 2016-02-28
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web
| url = http://emas-roma.com/attivita/wing-tsun-kung-fu/
| title = Wing Tsung Kung-Fu
| website = emas-roma.com
| access-date = 2016-02-28
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web
| url = http://www.wingtsungescrima.com/site/
| title = Wing Tsung Escrima Sanremo
| website = www.wingtsungescrima.com
| access-date = 2016-02-28
}}</ref> Slovakia<ref>{{Cite web
| url = http://www.wingtsung.sk/
| title = Wing Tsung
| website = www.wingtsung.sk
| access-date = 2016-02-28
}}</ref>).

The alternative characters 永春 "eternal spring" are also associated with some other southern Chinese martial arts, including [[Weng chun|Weng Chun Kung Fu]] and [[Fujian White Crane|Yong Chun]].<ref name="wengchun">{{cite web|url=http://weng-chun.com/ |title=Weng Chun Kung Fu |publisher=Weng-chun.com |date= |accessdate=2013-02-10}}</ref><ref name="whitecrane">{{cite web|url=http://www.yongchunbaihechuen.com/ |title=Yong Chun White Crane Kung Fu |publisher=Yongchunbaihechuen.com |date= |accessdate=2013-02-10}}</ref>
{{Chinese martial arts}}


== Characteristics ==
== Characteristics ==
Wing Chun favors a relatively high, narrow stance with the elbows close to the body. Within the stance, arms are generally positioned across the vitals of the centerline with hands in a vertical "wu sau" ("protecting hand" position).<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://sifuochwingchun.com/how-to-wu-sau-correctly/|title=How to Wu Sau Correctly - Technique is Everything {{!}} Sifu Och Wing Chun|date=2016-09-07|work=Sifu Och Wing Chun|access-date=2017-03-08|language=en-US}}</ref> This style positions the practitioner to make readily placed blocks and fast-moving blows to vital striking points down the center of the body; neck, chest, belly and groin. Shifting or turning within a stance is done on the heels, balls, or middle (K1 or Kidney 1 point) of the foot, depending on lineage. Some Wing Chun styles discourage the use of high kicks because this risks counter-attacks to the groin. The practice of "settling" one's opponent to brace them more effectively against the ground helps one deliver as much force as possible to them.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://ezine.kungfumagazine.com/magazine/article.php?article=141|title=Rediscovering the Roots of Wing Chun|last=|first=|date=|work=[[Kung Fu Magazine]]|accessdate=2010-02-06}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130314194204/http://ezine.kungfumagazine.com/magazine/article.php?article=249|title=Integrative Wing Chun|last=McKnight|first=David|date=|work=[[Kung Fu Magazine]]|accessdate=2010-02-06|last2=Kwok Chow|first2=Sifu Chung}}</ref>

=== Positioning ===
Many Wing Chun lineages emphasize fighting on the outside of the opponent rather than facing them head on (nose to ear rather than nose to nose). Such a position could be described as standing at an angle at least 30 degrees outside of the opponents lead shoulder, where the Wing Chun practitioner can strike with both their arms, while their opponent can only strike with one of their own arms due to poor positioning. This is often referred to as "taking the blindside" or "fighting on the outside gate".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://wingchunpedia.org/pmwiki.php/WCP/WilliamCheungTWCLineage|title=WingChunPedia {{!}} WCP / WilliamCheungTWCLineage browse|website=wingchunpedia.org|access-date=2018-05-09}}</ref>

=== Balance, body characteristics, and stance ===
Balance is related to structure because a well-balanced body recovers more quickly from stalled attacks. Wing Chun trains the awareness of one's own body movement derived from muscular, tendon, and articular sources. Performing Wing Chun's forms such as Chum Kiu or the Wooden Dummy<ref>{{cite news|title= The Ultimate Guide of Wing Chun Wooden Dummy |work= The Wing Chun Dummy|date=|url=http://thewingchundummy.com/|accessdate=2017-02-14}}</ref> form greatly improve [[proprioception]].

Wing Chun favors a relatively high, narrow stance with the elbows kept close to the body. Within the stance, arms are generally positioned across the vitals of the centerline with hands in a vertical wu sau<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://sifuochwingchun.com/how-to-wu-sau-correctly/|title=How to Wu Sau Correctly - Technique is Everything {{!}} Sifu Och Wing Chun|date=2016-09-07|work=Sifu Och Wing Chun|access-date=2017-03-08|language=en-US}}</ref> position to readily placed block fast moving blows to one's vital striking points down the centerline of the body—neck, chest, belly and groin. Shifting or turning within a stance is carried out variantly on the heels, balls, or middle (K1 or Kidney 1 point) of the foot depending on lineage. As described more below, some Wing Chun styles discourage the use of high kicks, since this creates an opportunity for counter-attacks to the groin. Additionally, the practice of "settling" one's opponent to brace them more effectively against the ground aids in delivering as much force as possible to them.<ref>{{cite news|title=Rediscovering the Roots of Wing Chun |work= Kung Fu Magazine|date=|url=http://ezine.kungfumagazine.com/magazine/article.php?article=141|accessdate=2010-02-06}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Integrative Wing Chun |work= Kung Fu Magazine|date=|url=http://ezine.kungfumagazine.com/magazine/article.php?article=249|accessdate=2010-02-06}}</ref>


=== Relaxation ===
=== Relaxation ===
[[Hard and soft (martial arts)|Softness]] (via relaxation) and performing techniques in a relaxed manner, is fundamental to Wing Chun. On "softness" in Wing Chun, Yip Man during an interview said,
[[Hard and soft (martial arts)|Softness]] (via relaxation) and performance of techniques in a relaxed manner, and by training the physical, mental, breathing, energy and force in a relaxed manner to develop Chi "soft wholesome force",<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110128221338/http://www.w1ng.com/coaching-from-the-ancestors/|title=One Wing Chun Kung Fu Family – W1NG : » Coaching From The Ancestors|last=Roselando|first=Jim|date=2011-01-28|website=web.archive.org|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2019-01-19}}</ref> is fundamental to Wing Chun. On "softness" in Wing Chun, Yip Man during an interview said:

<blockquote>Wing Chun is in some sense a "soft" school of martial arts. However, if one equates that work as weak or without strength, then they are dead wrong. Chi Sao in Wing Chun is to maintain one's flexibility and softness, all the while keeping in the strength to fight back, much like the flexible nature of bamboo"<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://mywayofwingchun.com/2013/07/10/interview-with-wing-chun-grandmaster-yip-man-1972/|title=An Interview With Grandmaster Yip Man from 1972|date=2013-07-11|work=My Way of Wing Chun|access-date=2018-02-10|language=en-US}}</ref> </blockquote>

* Tension reduces punching speed and power. Muscles act in pairs in opposition to each other (e.g. biceps and triceps). If the arm is tensed, maximum punching speed cannot be achieved as the biceps will be opposing the extension of the arm. In Wing Chun, the arm should be relaxed before beginning the punching motion.
* Unnecessary muscle tension wastes energy and causes fatigue.
* Tense, stiff arms are less fluid and sensitive during trapping and [[#Chi Sau|Chi Sau]].
* A tense, stiff limb provides an easy handle for an opponent to push or pull with, whereas a relaxed limb provides an opponent less to work with.
* A relaxed, but focused, limb affords the ability to feel "holes" or weaknesses in the opponent's structure (see Sensitivity section). With the correct forwarding these "holes" grant a path into attacking the opponent.
* Muscular struggle reduces a fight to who is stronger. Minimum brute strength in all movement becomes an equalizer in uneven strength confrontations. This is very much in the spirit of the tale of [[Ng Mui]].

=== Centerline ===
[[File:午線.jpg|thumb|right|Centerline.]]
{{unsourced|section|date=October 2018}}
While the existence of a "central axis" concept is unified in Wing Chun, the interpretation of the centerline concept itself is not. Many variations exist, with some lineages defining anywhere from a single "centerline" to multiple lines of interaction and definition. Traditionally the centerline is considered to be the vertical axis from the top of a human's head to the groin. The human body's prime striking targets are considered to be on or near this line, including eyes, nose, throat, solar plexus, stomach, pelvis and groin.

Wing Chun techniques are generally "closed", with the limbs drawn in to protect the central area and also to maintain balance. In most circumstances, the hands do not move beyond the vertical circle that is described by swinging the arms in front, with the hands crossed at the wrists. To reach outside this area, footwork is used. A large emphasis and time investment in training Chi Sau exercise emphasizes positioning to dominate this centerline. The stance and guard all point at or through the center to concentrate physical and mental intent of the entire body to the one target.

Wing Chun practitioners defend and attack within this central area to transmit force more effectively, since it targets the "core center" (or "mother line", another center defined in some lineages and referring to the vertical axis of the human body where the center of gravity lies). For example, striking an opponent's shoulder will twist the body, dispelling some of the force and weakening the strike, as well as compromising the striker's position. Striking closer to the center transmits more force directly into the body.

=== Punches ===
{{unsourced|section|date=October 2018}}
Due to the emphasis on the centerline, the straight punch (straight left / straight right) is the most common strike in Wing Chun. However, the principle of simultaneous attack and defense ({{zh|t=連消帶打|s=连消带打|cy=lìhn sīu daai dá|first=j|l=linking cancel and attack }}) suggests that all blocking movements should be accompanied with a simultaneous strike when possible. This allows for the opponent to be put on the defensive faster, and thus allowing the Wing Chun practitioner to defeat the opponent quicker by countering as soon as possible (ideally on the opponent's first strike). Other explicit examples of punches can be found in the Chum Kiu and Biu Ji forms (both uppercut and hook punches); although these punches may appear to be superficially different, they are simply the result of the punch beginning from a different origin position while following the same fundamental idea, to punch in a straight line following the shortest distance between the fist and the opponent.

When executing the punch, one must relax and not use the shoulders or activate the [[trapezius]] muscles. The punch comes from the center, Kyun Yau Sam Faat ({{zh|t=拳由心發|s=拳由心发|cy=kyùhn yàuh sām faat|first=j|l=punch starts from the heart}}). This maxim (punching from the centre of the chest) is used primarily in training; however, in application the punch can originate from any location.

Wing Chun primarily encourages using both "Low Elbow Power" (power generated from thrusting the arm forward viciously at the target using the [[triceps]] muscles, while keeping the elbows pointed down), along with "Hip Power" (power generated from a quick "rotation" of the hips). The combination of these two methods of power generation results in a powerful strike.

Wing Chun favors the vertical punch for several reasons:

* Directness. The punch is not "loaded" by pulling the elbow behind the body. The punch travels straight towards the target from the guard position (hands are held in front of the chest).
* Protection. The elbow is kept low to cover the front midsection of the body. It is more difficult for an opponent to execute an elbow lock/break when the elbow occupies this position. This aids in generating power by use of the entire body structure rather than only the arm to strike. Also with the elbow down, it offers less opening for the body to be attacked while the forearm and punch intercept space towards the head and upper body.
* Strength and Impact. Wing Chun practitioners believe that because the elbow is behind the fist during the strike, it is thereby supported by the strength of the entire body rather than just a swinging fist, and therefore has more impact. A common analogy is a baseball bat being swung at someone's head (a round-house punch), as opposed to the butt end of the bat being thrust forward into the opponent's face (wing chun punch), which would cause far more damage than a glancing hit and is not as easy to evade. Many skilled practitioners pride themselves on being able to generate "short power" or large amount of power in a short space. A common demonstration of this is the "[[one-inch punch]]", a punch that starts only an inch away from the target yet delivers an explosive amount of force. This is an example of a coiled strike in which multiple abdominal muscles can contribute to the punching power while being imperceptible to the attacker. It is a common misconception that "one-inch punches" utilize a snapping of the wrist.
* Alignment & Structure. Because of Wing Chun's usage of stance, the vertical punch is thus more suitable. The limb directly in front of the chest, elbow down, vertical nature of the punch coupled with a snap twisting of the waist requires a practitioner's body to naturally untwist or release before the rebound of the punch. This effectively demonstrates an understanding of the equal and opposite force reactions attributed to Newtonian physics. This is a desirable trait to a Wing Chun practitioner because it promotes the use of the entire body structure to generate power and prevents wrist injury or being pushed away by the high degree of forward power being reflected.

=== Kicks ===
{{unsourced|section|date=October 2018}}
Kicks can be explicitly found in the Chum Kiu and Muk Jong forms, though some have made interpretations of small leg movements in the Siu Nim Tau and Biu Ji to contain information on kicking as well. Depending on lineage, a beginner is often introduced to basic kicking before learning the appropriate form. Traditionally, kicks are kept below the waist. This is characteristic of southern Chinese martial arts, in contrast to northern systems which utilize many high kicks.

Kicks in Wing Chun are mostly directed at the lower half of the body. Wing Chun kicks are designed to knock an opponent off balance, break their leg, or to bring an opponent on their knees; a smart strategy to level the playing field somewhat for a smaller person fighting off a larger, stronger attacker.

Variations on a [[front kick]] are performed striking with the heel. The body may be square and the knee and foot are vertical on contact (Chum Kiu), or a pivot may be involved with the foot and knee on a plane at an angle (Muk Jong). At short distances this can become a knee. A [[roundhouse kick]] is performed striking with the shin in a similar manner to the [[Muay Thai]] version with most of the power coming from the body pivot. This kick is usually used as a finisher at closer range, targeting anywhere between the ribs and the back of the knee, this kick can also become a knee at close range. Other kicks include a stamping kick (Muk Jong) for very close range and a sweep performed with the heel in a circular fashion.

Every kick is both an attack and defence, with legs being used to check incoming kicks or to take the initiative in striking through before a more circular kick can land. Kicks are delivered in one movement directly from the stance without chambering/cocking.

Types of Kicks include:

Front Kick,
Side Kick,
Roundhouse Kick (usually delivered to the ribs or thigh),
Shovel Kick (A kick that targets the knee/shin),
Spinning Back Kick,
Sweep.

=== Elbows and Knees ===
{{unsourced|section|date=October 2018}}
Wing Chun relies heavily on elbow strikes at close range. Common targets for elbows include the chest, chin, head, and face. Elbow strikes are delivered in a manner similar to Muay Thai, using the whole body and turning of the hips to generate power.

Elbow strikes include:

Rising elbow (6 to 12)

Horizontal elbow

Kneeling elbow (12 to 6)

Reversing elbow

Spinning elbow strikes

Elbows can also be used, at a more advanced stage, to control and restrict the opponent's range of movement by exerting forward elbow pressure on his elbows and forearms. This allows Wing Chun practitioners to trap more effectively at a very close range.

Knees are delivered also, usually in a clinching position, but some Sifus also teach entering with flying knee strikes to bridge the distance.

=== Uncommitted techniques ===
{{unrefrenced|section|date=October 2018}}
Wing Chun techniques are ''uncommitted''. This means that if the technique fails to connect, the practitioner's position or balance is less affected. If the attack fails, the practitioner is able to "flow" easily into a follow-up attack. All Wing Chun techniques permit this. Any punches or kicks can be strung together to form a "chain" of attacks. According to Wing Chun theory, these attacks, in contrast to one big attack, break down the opponent gradually causing internal damage. Chained vertical punches are a common Wing Chun identifier.

=== Trapping skills and sensitivity ===
{{unsourced|section|date=October 2018}}
The Wing Chun practitioner develops reflexes within the searching of unsecured defenses through use of sensitivity. Training through Chi Sau with a training partner, one practices the trapping of hands. When an opponent is "trapped", he or she becomes immobile.

Chinese philosophy:

{{cquote|
Greet what arrives, escort what leaves and rush upon loss of contact (來留去送，甩手直衝)
|source=Yip Man}}

=== Close range ===
{{unsourced|section|date=October 2018}}
Wing Chun teaches practitioners to advance quickly and strike at close range. While the Wing Chun forward kick can be considered a long range technique, many Wing Chun practitioners practice "entry techniques"—getting past an opponent's kicks and punches to bring them within range of Wing Chun's close range repertoire. This means that theoretically, if the correct techniques are applied, a shorter person with a shorter range can defeat a larger person by getting inside their range and attacking them close to their body.

=== Forms and San Sik ===
'''Forms''' are [[meditative]], solitary exercises which develop [[self-awareness]], [[Balance (ability)|balance]], [[Relaxation technique|relaxation]] and [[Sensitivity (human)|sensitivity]]. Forms also train the practitioner in the fundamental movement and the correct force generation of Wing Chun.

'''San Sik''' ({{zh|c=散式|cy=Sáan Sīk|p=Sǎn Shì|first=j|l=Casual Style}}) are compact in structure. They can be loosely grouped into three broad categories:

1. Focus on building body structure through basic punching, standing, turning, and stepping drills.
<br>2. Fundamental arm cycles and changes, firmly ingraining the cardinal tools for interception and adaptation.
<br>3. Sensitivity training and combination techniques.

It is from the forms and san sik that all Wing Chun techniques are derived. Depending on lineage, the focus, content and intent of each form can have distinct differences which can therefore have far reaching implications. This also means that there are a few different ideas concerning what constitutes progression in the curriculum from form to form, so only a general description of overlap between different schools of thought is possible here.{{citation needed|date=October 2018}}


<blockquote>Wing Chun is in some sense a "soft" school of martial arts. However, if one equates that work as weak or without strength, then they are dead wrong. Chi Sau in Wing Chun is to maintain one's flexibility and softness, all the while keeping in the strength to fight back, much like the flexible nature of bamboo".<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://mywayofwingchun.com/2013/07/10/interview-with-wing-chun-grandmaster-yip-man-1972/|title=An Interview With Grandmaster Yip Man from 1972|date=2013-07-11|work=My Way of Wing Chun|access-date=2018-02-10|language=en-US}}</ref> </blockquote>
What's commonly seen are six Wing Chun forms:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wingchunlife.com/wing-chun-forms.html |title=Six Forms of Wing Chun |publisher=Wingchunlife.com |date= |accessdate=2013-02-10}}</ref> three empty hand forms, one "wooden dummy" form, and two weapons forms.


== Forms ==
=== Most Common Forms ===
The most common system of forms in Wing Chun consists of three empty hand forms, two weapon forms, and a wooden dummy form.
==== Empty hand ====
==== Empty hand ====
See also [[Glossary of Wing Chun terms]]
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
!小念頭
!小念頭
|[[Siu Nim Tau]] (Little Idea)
|[[Siu Nim Tau]] (Little Idea)
|| The first, and most important form in Wing Chun, Siu Nim Tau, which can be translated into "The little idea for beginning", Siu Nim Tau is not only for beginners but to be practiced throughout the practitioner’s lifetime.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kungfuonline.com/form1_siu_nim_tao.php|title=WING CHUN CONCEPTS: Siu Nim Tao|date=2017-09-23|access-date=2017-10-24|deadurl=bot: unknown|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170923144754/http://www.kungfuonline.com/form1_siu_nim_tao.php|archivedate=2017-09-23|df=}}</ref> It is the foundation or "seed" of the art from which all succeeding forms and techniques depend.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wcarchive.com/articles/michel-boulet-simple-basics.htm |title=The Simple Basics of a Complex Art|author=Michel Boulet |publisher=the Wing Chun Archive |date= |accessdate=2013-02-10}}</ref> Fundamental rules of balance and body structure are developed here. Using a car analogy: for some branches this would provide the chassis,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wingchun.com.au/media/wing-chun-articles/wing-chun-kung-fu-articles-essays-theory/wing-chun-stance-article-guide-how-to-grandmaster-jim-fung |title=Wing Chun Stance |author=Jim Fung |publisher=Wingchun.com.au |date=2009-02-23 |accessdate=2013-02-10}}</ref> for others this is the engine.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tstvingtsun.bc.ca/HiddenPowerOfSNT_remix.html |title=The Hidden Power of Siu Nim Tau |author= Tsui Sheung Tin |publisher=Tstvingtsun.bc.ca |date= |accessdate=2013-02-10}}</ref> It serves basically as the alphabet for the system. Some branches view the symmetrical stance as the fundamental fighting stance, while others see it as more a training stance used in developing technique.<ref>[http://www.richhealthandwellness.com/martialarts2.html martialarts2] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100203231318/http://www.richhealthandwellness.com/martialarts2.html |date=February 3, 2010 }}</ref>||
|| The first and most important form in Wing Chun, [[Siu Nim Tau]] ("The little idea for beginning"), is to be practiced throughout the practitioner’s lifetime.<ref name="kung fuonline">{{Cite web|url=http://www.kungfuonline.com/form1_siu_nim_tao.php|title=WING CHUN CONCEPTS: Siu Nim Tao|last=|first=|date=2017-09-23|website=Wing Chun Concepts|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170923144754/http://www.kungfuonline.com/form1_siu_nim_tao.php|archivedate=2017-09-23|url-status=dead|access-date=2017-10-24|df=}}</ref> It is the foundation or "seed" of the art, on which all succeeding forms and techniques depend.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wcarchive.com/articles/michel-boulet-simple-basics.htm |title=The Simple Basics of a Complex Art|author=Michel Boulet |publisher=the Wing Chun Archive |date= |accessdate=2013-02-10}}</ref> Fundamental rules of balance and body structure are developed here. Using a car analogy; for some branches this would provide the chassis,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wingchun.com.au/media/wing-chun-articles/wing-chun-kung-fu-articles-essays-theory/wing-chun-stance-article-guide-how-to-grandmaster-jim-fung|title=Wing Chun Stance|author=Jim Fung|first=|date=2009-02-23|website=International wing Chun academy|publisher=Wingchun.com.au|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140319184812/http://www.wingchun.edu.au:80/media/wing-chun-articles/jim-fung/wing-chun-stance|archive-date=2014-03-19|url-status=dead|accessdate=2013-02-10}}</ref> for others this is the engine.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170522102424/http://www.tstvingtsun.bc.ca/HiddenPowerOfSNT_remix.html|title=The Hidden Power of Siu Nim Tau by Tsui Sheung Tin|date=2017-05-22|access-date=2018-11-23}}</ref> It serves as the basic alphabet of the system. Some branches view the symmetrical stance as the fundamental fighting stance; others see it as a training stance used in developing technique.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.richhealthandwellness.com/martialarts2.html |title=An Overview of Wing Chun |website=richhealthandwellness.com |author=Sifu Cogar |access-date=2007-05-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100203231318/http://www.richhealthandwellness.com/martialarts2.html |archive-date=2010-02-03}}</ref>||
|-
|-
!尋橋
!尋橋
|[[Chum Kiu]] (Seeking Bridge)
|[[Chum Kiu]] (Seeking Bridge)
||The second form, Chum Kiu, focuses on coordinated movement of bodymass and entry techniques to "bridge the gap" between practitioner and opponent and move in to disrupt their structure and balance.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.teamwingchun.co.uk/forms.php |title=The Forms of Wing Chun Kuen Kung Fu &#124; Reading Academy Wing Chun & Kali |publisher=Teamwingchun.co.uk |date= |accessdate=2013-02-10 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120501000049/http://www.teamwingchun.co.uk/forms.php |archivedate=2012-05-01 |df= }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tstvingtsun.bc.ca/Training.html |title=Ving Tsun Martial Arts Studio&nbsp;– Training |publisher=Tstvingtsun.bc.ca |date= |accessdate=2013-02-10 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130628121302/http://www.tstvingtsun.bc.ca/Training.html |archivedate=2013-06-28 |df= }}</ref> Close-range attacks using the elbows and knees are also developed here. It also teaches methods of recovering position and centerline when in a compromised position where Siu Nim Tau structure has been lost. For some branches bodyweight in striking is a central theme, whether it be from pivoting (rotational) or stepping (translational). Likewise for some branches, this form provides the engine to the car. For branches who use the "sinking bridge" interpretation, the form takes on more emphasis of an "uprooting" context adding multi-dimensional movement and spiraling to the already developed engine.||
||The second form, [[Chum Kiu]], focuses on coordinated movement of bodymass and entry techniques to "bridge the gap" between practitioner and opponent, and move in to disrupt their structure and balance.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.teamwingchun.co.uk/forms.php |title=The Forms of Wing Chun Kuen Kung Fu &#124; Reading Academy Wing Chun & Kali |publisher=Teamwingchun.co.uk |date= |accessdate=2013-02-10 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120501000049/http://www.teamwingchun.co.uk/forms.php |archivedate=2012-05-01 |df= }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tstvingtsun.bc.ca/Training.html |title=Ving Tsun Martial Arts Studio&nbsp;– Training |publisher=Tstvingtsun.bc.ca |date= |accessdate=2013-02-10 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130628121302/http://www.tstvingtsun.bc.ca/Training.html |archivedate=2013-06-28 |df= }}</ref> Close-range attacks using the elbows and knees are also developed here. It also teaches methods of recovering position and centerline when in a compromised position where Siu Nim Tau structure has been lost. For some branches, bodyweight in striking is a central theme, either from pivoting (rotational) or stepping (translational). Likewise for some branches, this form provides the engine to the car. For branches that use the "sinking bridge" interpretation, the form takes on more emphasis of an "uprooting" context, adding multi-dimensional movement and spiraling to the already developed engine.||
|-
|-
!鏢指
!標指
|Biu Ji (Thrusting Fingers)
|Biu Ji (Thrusting Fingers)
||The third form, Biu Ji, is composed of extreme short-range and extreme long-range techniques, low kicks and sweeps, and "emergency techniques" to counter-attack when structure and centerline have been seriously compromised, such as when the practitioner is seriously injured.<ref>[http://www.cebridge.com.au/wongwebsite/kwoon/BiuJi.htm City Wing Chun&nbsp;– Training Notes] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090415165829/http://www.cebridge.com.au/wongwebsite/kwoon/BiuJi.htm |date=April 15, 2009 }}</ref> As well as pivoting and stepping, developed in Chum Kiu, a third degree of freedom involving more upper body and stretching is developed for more power. Such movements include very close range elbow strikes and finger thrusts to the throat. For some branches this is the turbo-charger of the car. For others it can be seen as a "pit stop" kit that should never come into play, recovering your "engine" when it has been lost. Still other branches view this form as imparting deadly "killing" and maiming techniques that should never be used if you can help it. A common wing chun saying is "Biu Ji doesn't go out the door." Some interpret this to mean the form should be kept secret, others interpret it as meaning it should never be used if you can help it.
||The third form, and the last form Biu Ji, is composed of extreme short-range and extreme long-range techniques, low kicks and sweeps, and "emergency techniques" to counter-attack when structure and centerline have been seriously compromised, such as when the practitioner is seriously injured.<ref>[http://www.cebridge.com.au/wongwebsite/kwoon/BiuJi.htm City Wing Chun&nbsp;– Training Notes] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090415165829/http://www.cebridge.com.au/wongwebsite/kwoon/BiuJi.htm |date=April 15, 2009 }}</ref> As well as pivoting and stepping developed in Chum Kiu, a third degree of freedom involves more upper body and stretching is developed for more power. Such movements include close-range elbow strikes and finger thrusts to the throat. For some branches this is the turbo-charger of the car; for others it can be seen as a "pit stop" kit that should never come into play, recovering your "engine" when it has been lost. Still other branches view this form as imparting deadly "killing" and maiming techniques that should never be used without good reason. A common Wing Chun saying is "Biu Ji doesn't go out the door". Some interpret this to mean the form should be kept secret; others interpret it as meaning it should never be used if you can help it.
||
||
|}

==== Wooden dummy ====
{{unsourced|section|date=October 2018}}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
!木人樁
| [[Muk Yan Jong]] (Wooden Dummy)
||The Muk Yan Jong form is performed against a "[[wooden dummy]]", a thick wooden post with three arms and a leg mounted on a slightly springy frame representing a stationary human opponent. Although representative of a human opponent, the dummy is not a physical representation of a human, but an energetic one. Wooden dummy practice aims to refine a practitioner's understanding of angles, positions, and footwork, and to develop full body power. It is here that the open hand forms are pieced together and understood as a whole.
||[[File:Mu ren zhuang (Chinese martial arts training dummy).jpg|thumb|upright|The [[Hong Kong]] wall mounted version of the Wooden Dummy]]
|}
|}
Star Dummy is also a Wing Chun training tool. It consists of three poles that are embedded into the ground such as to be strong enough for kicking each an arms span apart in a triangle. The form consists of Wing Chun kicking patterns: front kick, front kick with foot pointed out using broad area of foot and knee rotation to outside, and side kick.

==== Forms ====
{{unsourced|section|date=October 2018}}
Both the Wai Yan (Weng Chun) and Nguyễn Tế-Công branches use different curricula of empty hand forms. The Tam Yeung and Fung Sang lineages both trace their origins to Leung Jan's retirement to his native village of Gu Lao, where he taught a curriculum of San Sik.

The Siu Lim Tau of Wing Chun is one long form that includes movements that are comparative to a combination of Siu Lim Tau, Chum Kiu, and Biu Ji of other families. The other major forms of the style are: Jeui Da ({{zh|c=追打||l=Chase Strike}}), Fa Kyun ({{zh|c=花拳||l=Variegated Fist}}), Jin Jeung ({{zh|c=箭掌||l=Arrow Palm}}), Jin Kyun ({{zh|c=箭拳||l=Arrow Fist}}), Jeui Kyun ({{zh|c=醉拳||l=Drunken Fist}}), Sap Saam Sau ({{zh|c=十三手||l=Thirteen Hands}}), and Chi Sau Lung ({{zh|t=黐手攏|s=黐手拢||l=Sticking Hands Set}}).

Also, a few family styles of Wing-Chun (especially those coming from the Hung Syun Hei Baan ({{zh|c=紅船戲班|s=红船戏班||l=Red Boat Theatrical Troupe}}) have a combination advanced form called Saam Baai Fat ({{zh|c=三拜佛||l=Three Bows to Buddha}}) which includes many flow/leak techniques from all of the first 'standard' 7 forms.


==== Weapons ====
==== Weapons ====
{{unsourced|section|date=October 2018}}
{{unsourced|section|date=October 2018}}
Once correct force generation in the open-handed forms is achieved, the student is ready to progress to [[weapons]]. With the open hand forms delivering force to the end of the finger tips, the idea is to be able to extend that force further to the end of a weapon as an extension of the body, using the same principles. Also, these weapons forms can be used as an exercise to strengthen the forearms and wrists even further.

{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
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||<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:Ting pole.jpg|thumb|[[Leung Ting]] demonstrating the Long Pole]] -->
||<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:Ting pole.jpg|thumb|[[Leung Ting]] demonstrating the Long Pole]] -->
|}
|}
The [[Yuen Kay Shan]] / [[:es:Sum Nung|Sum Nung]] branch also historically trained throwing darts (Biu). According to [[:es:Sum Nung|Sum Nung]], his skill with them was not comparable enough to Yuen Kay Shan's for him to include them in the current curriculum.{{citation needed|date=October 2018}}


=== Chi Sau {{anchor|Chi Sao}} ===
==== Wooden Dummy ====
{| class="wikitable"
Chi Sau ({{zh|t=黐手|cy=Chī Sáu|p=Chī Shǒu|first=j|l=sticking hands}}) is a term for the principle and drills used for the development of automatic reflexes upon contact and the idea of "sticking" to the opponent (also known as "sensitivity training"). In reality, the intention is not to "stick" to your opponent at all costs, but rather to protect your centerline while simultaneously attacking your opponent's centerline.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wingchunlife.com/chi-sau.html |title=Chi Sau: What's Behind Sticky Hand Training |publisher=Wingchunlife.com |date= |accessdate=2013-02-10}}</ref> In Wing Chun, this is practiced by two practitioners maintaining contact with each other's forearms while executing techniques, thereby training each other to sense changes in body mechanics, pressure, momentum and "feel". The increased sensitivity gained from this drill helps a practitioner attack and counter an opponent's movements precisely, quickly, and with appropriate techniques.
|-
!木人樁
|[[Mu ren zhuang|Muk Yan Jong]] (Wooden Dummy)
||Muk Yan Jong is performed on a wooden dummy which serves as an intermediate tool that helps the student to use Wing Chun Kuen against another human opponent. [N/A 1] Muk Yan Jong is demonstrated by using a wooden Wing Chun dummy as an opponent. There are many versions of this form which come from a variety of Wing Chun Kung Fu lineages, however, the most common version of this form dates back to Yip (Ip) Man (October 14, 1893 to December 2, 1972) Wing Chun. Yip Man was the descendant of a wealthy family in Foshan, Southern China. He was one of (the iconic) Bruce Lee's teachers. [N/A 2]
|}


=== Other Forms ===
Chi Sau additionally refers to methods of rolling hands drills ({{zh|c=碌手|cy=Lūk Sáu|first=j|l=rolling hands}}). Luk Sau participants push and "roll" their forearms against each other in a single circle while trying to remain in relaxed form. The aim is to feel force, test resistance, and find defensive gaps. Other branches have a version of this practice where each arm rolls in small, separate circles. Luk Sau is most notably taught within the Pan Nam branch of Wing Chun where both the larger rolling drills as well as the smaller, separate-hand circle drills are taught.{{citation needed|date=October 2018}}
==== Empty Hand ====
{{unsourced|section|date=October 2018}}
Both the Wai Yan (Weng Chun) and Nguyễn Tế-Công branches use different curricula of empty hand forms. The Tam Yeung and Fung Sang lineages both trace their origins to Leung Jan's retirement to his native village of Gu Lao, where he taught a curriculum of San Sik.


The Siu Lim Tau of Wing Chun is one long form that includes movements that are comparative to a combination of Siu Lim Tau, Chum Kiu, and Biu Ji of other families. The other major forms of the style are: Jeui Da ({{zh|c=追打||l=Chase Strike}}), Fa Kyun ({{zh|c=花拳||l=Variegated Fist}}), Jin Jeung ({{zh|c=箭掌||l=Arrow Palm}}), Jin Kyun ({{zh|c=箭拳||l=Arrow Fist}}), Jeui Kyun ({{zh|c=醉拳||l=Drunken Fist}}), Sap Saam Sau ({{zh|c=十三手||l=Thirteen Hands}}), and Chi Sau Lung ({{zh|t=黐手攏|s=黐手拢||l=Sticking Hands Set}}).
In some lineages (such as the [[Ip Man]] and Jiu Wan branches), Chi Sau drills begin with one-armed sets called Daan Chi Sau ({{zh|s=单黐手|cy=Dāan Chī Sáu|first=j|l=Single Sticking Hand}}), which help the novice student to get the feel of the exercise; each practitioner uses one hand from the same side as they face each other. Chi Sau is a sensitivity drill to train and obtain specific responses and should not be confused with actual sparring or fighting though it can be practiced or expressed in a combat form.


Also, a few family styles of Wing-Chun (especially those coming from the Hung Syun Hei Baan ({{zh|c=紅船戲班|s=红船戏班||l=Red Boat Theatrical Troupe}}) have a advanced combination form called Saam Baai Fat ({{zh|c=三拜佛||l=Three Bows to Buddha}}) which includes many flow/leak techniques from all of the first 'standard' 7 forms. Old phonetics in Cantonese; ''Hung Sun Hay Ban Tong'' Red Boat Opera Organization/Troop has a branch in Girard,Ohio ran by Si-Fu Mark Lee Pringle. They are one of the few schools that teach the full 8-form curriculum including Yoo-Choy( old phonetics ) family-style of 'Saam Baai Fut' 3 Bows to Buddha.
=== Chi Geuk ===
Chi Geuk ({{zh|t=黐腳|s=黐脚|cy=Chī Geuk|p=Chī Jiǎo|first=j|l=sticking legs}}) is the lower-body equivalent of the upper body's Chi Sau training, aimed on developing awareness in the lower body and obtaining relaxation of the legs.{{citation needed|date=October 2018}}


=== Muk Waan ===
==== Wooden Dummy ====
The Star Dummy consists of three poles that are embedded into the ground in a triangle with each pole an arms span apart. The associated form consists of kicking the poles using the various kicks found in Wing Chun: front kick, front kick with foot pointed out using broad area of foot and knee rotation to outside, and side kick.
Muk Waan ({{zh|t=木環|s=木环|cy=Muhk Wàahn|p=Mù Huán|first=j|l=Wooden Ring}}), or Juk Waan ({{zh|t=竹環|s=竹环|cy=Jūk Wàahn|p=Zhú Huán|first=j|l=Bamboo Ring}}) is another, somewhat rare training-tool in some families of Wing Chun. An approximately 10&nbsp;inch to 14&nbsp;inch ring made of bamboo or rattan (some schools use a metal ring), the Juk Wan is used for training the wrists and forearms, and to instruct the student in "flow" from technique to technique. Some schools set up a form for this technique, while other schools train techniques and strategies without a formulated pattern.{{citation needed|date=October 2018}}


=== Sparring ===
==== Weapons ====
Many Wing Chun schools practice sparring as a method of training the ability to close the distance to the opponent. Equipment such as a mouth guard and cup may or may not be used, depending on the intensity level (full contact, light contact, etc.).{{citation needed|date=October 2018}}
The [[Yuen Kay Shan]] / [[:es:Sum Nung|Sum Nung]] branch also historically trained throwing darts (Biu). According to [[:es:Sum Nung|Sum Nung]], his skill with them was not comparable enough to Yuen Kay Shan's for him to include them in the current curriculum.{{citation needed|date=October 2018}}


== Sash System ==
=== San Sik ===
{{unsourced|section|date=November 2019}}
Although historically uncommon during the era of Yip Man and Prior, there has been a trend of many schools and lineages adopting their own sash ranking system. Examples are as follows:
San Sik (Chinese: 散式; Cantonese Yale: Sáan Sīk; pinyin: Sǎn Shì; literally: 'Casual Style') are compact in structure. They can be loosely grouped into three broad categories:


1. Focus on building body structure through basic punching, standing, turning, and stepping drills.
William Cheung Lineage: White, Light Blue, Blue, Dark Blue, Light Brown, Dark Brown, Black, Grey, Green, Gold (5 levels), Red
2. Fundamental arm cycles and changes, firmly ingraining the cardinal tools for interception and adaptation.
3. Sensitivity training and combination techniques.


== In popular culture ==
Sunny Tang Lineage: No Sash, Red, Green, Blue, Black, Gold
[[Donnie Yen]] played the role of Wing Chun Grandmaster Ip Man in the 2008 movie ''[[Ip Man (film)|Ip Man]]'', which was a box office success, and in its sequels ''[[Ip Man 2]]'', ''[[Ip Man 3]],'' and ''[[Ip Man 4]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/intl/china/?yr=2008&wk=50&p=.htm |title=2008 Chinese Box Office records |publisher=Boxofficemojo.com |date= |accessdate=2013-02-10}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://comicbook.com/movies/2019/03/18/ip-man-4-trailer-teaser/|title=IP Man 4 Teaser Trailer Pits Donnie Yen Against Scott Adkins|website=Movies|language=en|access-date=2019-03-20}}</ref> Max Zhang ([[Zhang Jin]]) who played the role of Cheung Tin Chi in ''Ip Man 3'' starred in a spin-off and direct sequel movie called ''[[Master Z: The Ip Man Legacy]]'', which follows the events after the end of ''Ip Man 3''.<ref>{{Citation|last=Shaw Theatres|title=Master Z: The Ip Man Legacy Official Trailer|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TzVQDAiZ7ME&app=desktop|access-date=2019-01-19}}</ref>


[[Stephen Amell]] on the CW show ''[[Arrow (TV series)|Arrow]]'' has incorporated Wing Chun into his fighting style; his character practices on a [[Muk Yan Jong]] (wooden dummy).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bsc3IROJt50|title=Arrow's stunt coordinator teaches us how to fight like Oliver Queen|last=|first=|date=December 19, 2014|website=Youtube|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}</ref>
Austin Goh Lineage: Yellow, Green, Blue, Red, Brown, Black, Gold

In most lineages, Black Sash (usually earned after 7–9 years of hard training) indicates that the practitioner is highly knowledgeable in all three hand forms and the wooden dummy, and can apply Wing Chun techniques at a high rate of success in sparring. Gold Sash (usually earned after 11–13 years total of hard training) usually indicates that the practitioner is highly competent in not only the forms and sparring, but also in use of weapons (staff and swords).

Apart from a Sash system, the popular "Wing Tsun" system under Leung Ting uses a number system. In this particular system, there are 12 Student Grades covering the first two forms, chi sao, and sparring. At completion of Student Grade 12 (usually after 3–5 years) the student progresses to Instructor Grades (1–12). By Instructor Grade 2 (3–5 years after the Student Grades are completed) the instructor is usually competent in all three hand forms, chi sao and sparring and is considered a [[shifu]]. Therefore, in the Leung Ting Wing Tsun lineage, it takes roughly 6–10 years to become a shifu. To complete the entire Wing Tsun system however, requires one to obtain Instructor Grade 8, which takes a minimum total of 15 years.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.martialartsplanet.com/index.php?threads/20-years-to-complete-wing-tsun.40419/|title=20 years to complete Wing Tsun?|work=Martial Arts Planet|access-date=2017-11-07|language=en-US}}</ref>

Student Grades 1–6: Beginner Student

Student Grades 7–12: Advanced Student

Instructor Grade 1: Assistant Instructor

Instructor Grade 2–4: Instructor

Instructor Grade 5–8: Master

Instructor Grade 9–12: Grandmaster

== Southern martial arts ==
{{Main|Nanquan}}
Wing Chun, together with [[Hung Ga]]r and [[Cai Li Fo|Choi Lei Fut]], is named as one of "The Three Great Martial Art Schools of the South", which originated and became popular in Southern China.

== Global spread ==
{{expand section|date=October 2018}}
Wing Chun is practiced globally in over 64 countries.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ocwingchun.com/2009/01/orange-county-wing-chun-faqs.html |title=Orange County Wing Chun FAQ's |publisher=Ocwingchun.com |date=2004-02-26 |accessdate=2013-02-10}}</ref> It is the world's most popular form of Southern Kung Fu.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ezine.kungfumagazine.com/forum/forumdisplay.php?s=963c365569b1f8ccf0f1c75173df7325&f=1 |title=Kung Fu Magazine's Description of Wing Chun |publisher=Ezine.kungfumagazine.com |date= |accessdate=2013-02-10}}</ref>

=== In popular culture ===
[[Donnie Yen]] played the role of Wing Chun Grandmaster Ip Man in the 2008 movie ''[[Ip Man (film)|Ip Man]]'', which was a box office success, and in its sequels ''[[Ip Man 2]]'' and ''[[Ip Man 3]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/intl/china/?yr=2008&wk=50&p=.htm |title=2008 Chinese Box Office records |publisher=Boxofficemojo.com |date= |accessdate=2013-02-10}}</ref>


== Notable practitioners ==
== Notable practitioners ==
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}

* [[Anderson Silva]] former [[UFC]] Middleweight Champion. Considered by many to be the greatest mixed martial artist of all-time.
* [[Ip Man]], Wing Chun Grandmaster
* [[Brandon Lee]] actor & son of Bruce Lee
* [[Derek Jones (Wing Chun)|Derek Jones]], Body Mind and Spirit, branch of Wing Chun, the best fighter of the Wing Chun clan, undefeated in over 100 street fights, including unlicensed fights for money <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bmskungfu.com/info_intro.html|title=Fighting Blind|website=www.bmskungfu.com|access-date=2018-09-07}}</ref>
* [[Bruce Lee]] (Chinese: 李小龍) learned from [[Sifu]] [[Ip Man]] & [[Wong Shun Leung]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wongvingtsun.co.uk/wslbl.htm |title= BRUCE LEE AND HIS FRIENDSHIP WITH WONG SHUN LEUNG }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.snakevscranewingchun.com/who-taught-bruce-lee/ |title= Who Taught Bruce Lee?}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vtkf.nl/en/site/wong-meet-bruce-lee/201 |title= Wong meet Bruce Lee }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://mywayofwingchun.com/category/wong-shun-leung/ |title= Wong Shun Leung – The Logic Behind Wing Chun}}</ref>
* [[Chu Shong-tin]], wing chun Grandmaster and Yip Man's student, Yip Man called him "King of Siu Lim Tao".
*[[Tony Ferguson]], former [[UFC]] Interim Lightweight World Champion (and currently #1 ranked} [[UFC]] lightweight [[mixed martial arts]] fighter.
* [[Donnie Yen]] (Chinese: 甄子丹) learned from Sifu [[Ip Chun]] & [[Leung Ting]] to prepare for the role of Ip Man.
* [[William Cheung]] (張卓慶, pinyin: Zhāng Zhuóqìng closed door student of [[Ip Man]]
* [[Eric Oram]]
* [[Felix Leong]]
* [[Leung Sheung]], one of the best students of Yip Man (known as the senior most student in Hong Kong)
* [[Geoff Thompson (writer)|Geoff Thompson]] (England) learned from Sifu Wong Shun Leung<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cnvt.com/zh-cht/mysifu.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111113173113/http://www.cnvt.com/zh-cht/mysifu.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=2011-11-13 |title=Sifu Li Heng Chang Official Website (Chinese: 李恆昌) |df= }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181026194256/https://z-vt.cn/vtm/513.html |title=重温《功夫》看星爷打咏春拳}}</ref>
* [[Wong Shun Leung]], one of the best students of Yip Man, called "Gong Sao Wong", the king of talking hands.
* [[Wong Shun Leung]], one of the best students of Yip Man, called "Gong Sao Wong", the king of talking hands.
* [[Moy Yat]], one of Yip Man's closest disciples, and the youngest sifu promoted by Yip Man at age 24.
* [[Moy Yat]], one of Yip Man's closest disciples, and the youngest sifu promoted by Yip Man at age 24.
* [[Anderson Silva]], one of the most successful MMA fighters of all time.
* [[Brandon Lee]] trained in Wing Chun as well as [[Jeet Kune Do]], [[Muay Thai]], & [[Shaolin Kung-Fu]].
* [[Bruce Lee]] (Chinese: 李小龍) learned from [[Sifu]] [[Ip Man]] & [[Wong Shun Leung]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wongvingtsun.co.uk/wslbl.htm |title= BRUCE LEE AND HIS FRIENDSHIP WITH WONG SHUN LEUNG }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.snakevscranewingchun.com/who-taught-bruce-lee/ |title= Who Taught Bruce Lee?}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vtkf.nl/en/site/wong-meet-bruce-lee/201 |title= Wong meet Bruce Lee }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://mywayofwingchun.com/category/wong-shun-leung/ |title= Wong Shun Leung – The Logic Behind Wing Chun}}</ref>
* [[Chu Shong Tin]], wing chun Grandmaster and Yip Man's student, Yip Man called him "King of Siu Lim Tao". https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chu_Shong-tin
* [[Donnie Yen]] (Chinese: 甄子丹) learned from Sifu [[Ip Chun]]
* [[Philip Ng]] (Chinese: 伍允龍) learned from Sifu [[Wong Shun Leung]]
* [[Philip Ng]] (Chinese: 伍允龍) learned from Sifu [[Wong Shun Leung]]
* [[Leung Ting]], a disciple of Yip Man and head of the International Wing Tsun Association (IWTA).
* [[Leung Ting]], a disciple of Yip Man and head of the International Wing Tsun Association (IWTA).
* [[Keith R. Kernspecht]], highest-ranking disciple of [[Leung Ting]], and head of the European Wing Chun Organization (EWTO).
* [[Keith R. Kernspecht]], highest-ranking disciple of [[Leung Ting]], and head of the European Wing Chun Organization (EWTO).
* [[Ip Chun]] Eldest son of Ip Man, who nonetheless primarily studied with other teachers and not his father.
* [[Ip Chun]], eldest son of [[Ip Man]]
* [[Ip Man]], Wing Chun Grandmaster
* [[István Simicskó]], current [[Minister of Defence (Hungary)|Minister of Defence of Hungary]]
* [[István Simicskó]], current [[Minister of Defence (Hungary)|Minister of Defence of Hungary]]
* [[Jackie Chan]] (Chinese: 成龍) learned from Sifu [[Leung Ting]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sifuochwingchun.com/instructors/jackie-chan-wing-chun-practitioner/ |title= Jackie Chan Wing Chun Practitioner}}</ref>
* [[Jackie Chan]] (Chinese: 成龍) learned from Sifu [[Leung Ting]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sifuochwingchun.com/instructors/jackie-chan-wing-chun-practitioner/ |title= Jackie Chan Wing Chun Practitioner}}</ref>
* [[Michelle Yeoh]] (Chinese: 楊紫琼)
* [[Geoff Thompson (writer)|Geoff Thompson]] (England) learned from Sifu Wong Shun Leung<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cnvt.com/zh-cht/mysifu.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111113173113/http://www.cnvt.com/zh-cht/mysifu.htm |dead-url=yes |archive-date=2011-11-13 |title=Sifu Li Heng Chang Official Website (Chinese: 李恆昌) |df= }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://z-vt.cn/vtbk/vtm/513.html |title=重温《功夫》看星爷打咏春拳}}</ref>
* [[Michelle Yeoh]] (Chinese: 楊紫琼)
* [[Nicholas Tse]] (Chinese: 謝霆鋒) learned from [[Philip Ng]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tvb4life.pixnet.net/blog/post/151219806-%E5%A3%B9%E7%9B%A4%E7%94%9F%E6%84%8F-%E5%8F%9B%E9%80%86%E8%A9%A0%E6%98%A5%E6%B4%BE%E3%80%80%E6%90%B6%E6%94%BB%E4%B8%8A%E4%BD%8D |title= 壹盤生意叛逆詠春派搶攻上位 - 明星八掛大分享}}</ref>
* [[Nicholas Tse]] (Chinese: 謝霆鋒) learned from [[Philip Ng]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tvb4life.pixnet.net/blog/post/151219806-%E5%A3%B9%E7%9B%A4%E7%94%9F%E6%84%8F-%E5%8F%9B%E9%80%86%E8%A9%A0%E6%98%A5%E6%B4%BE%E3%80%80%E6%90%B6%E6%94%BB%E4%B8%8A%E4%BD%8D |title= 壹盤生意叛逆詠春派搶攻上位 - 明星八掛大分享}}</ref>
* [[Ray Sefo]]
* [[Ray Sefo]]
*[[Robert Downey Jr.]], Hollywood actor,<ref name="Downey">{{citeweb|url=http://fightland.vice.com/blog/how-wing-chun-helped-robert-downey-jr-battle-addiction|title=How Wing Chun Helped Robert Downey Jr. Battle Addiction|author=Sarah Kurchak|date=February 8, 2016|publisher=Fightland}}</ref> student of [[Eric Oram]]
* [[Eric Oram]]
*[[Sammo Hung]] (Chinese: 洪金寶)
* [[Robert Downey Jr.]], Hollywood actor<ref>{{cite web|author=Sarah Kurchak|url=http://fightland.vice.com/blog/how-wing-chun-helped-robert-downey-jr-battle-addiction |title= How Wing Chun Helped Robert Downey Jr. Battle Addiction|date=February 8, 2016|publisher=Fightland}}</ref>
* [[Sammo Hung]] (Chinese: 洪金寶)
* [[Steven Seagal]] (Hollywood actor) trained with Randy Williams
* [[Steven Seagal]] (Hollywood actor) trained with Randy Williams
* [[Ti Lung]] (Chinese: 狄龍)
* [[Sum Nung]] Successor of Yuen Kay Shan
* [[Anton Van Thomas]] practitioner and teacher, studied under Grandmasters [[Ip Chun]] and [[Ip Ching]] in [[Hong Kong]]
* [[Ti Lung]] (Chinese: 狄龍)
* [[Victor Wooten]], Bass player<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b1YHr5OIW-ourl=https://www.last.fm/music/Victor+Wooten/+wiki |title= Victor Wooten Age, Hometown, Biography|date=December 15, 2010|website=Last.fm}}</ref>
* [[Yuen Biao]] (Chinese: 元彪)
* [[Yuen Biao]] (Chinese: 元彪)
* [[Yuen Kay Shan]], One of the first to document the theories, concepts, philosophies and strategies of the system and structured the first 3 forms
* [[Nicolas Cage]]
*[[:vi:Nguyễn Tế Công|Nguyễn Tế Công]], Brother of Yuen Kay Shan who was invited to teach Wing Chun in Vietnam.
* [[:es:Sum Nung|Sum Nung]] {{es}}
{{div col end}}
* [[Victor Wooten]], Bass player <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b1YHr5OIW-ourl=https://www.last.fm/music/Victor+Wooten/+wiki |title= Victor Wooten Age, Hometown, Biography|date=December 15, 2010|website=Last.fm}}</ref>
* [[Ryan Cusack]] taught and disciple of Sifu Felix Leong (Cheok Son)


== Branches ==
== Branches ==
Line 390: Line 172:
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


{{reflist|group=N/A}}
== Sources ==

== Further reading ==
{{Refbegin}}
{{Refbegin}}
* {{cite book | author=Chu, Robert; Ritchie, Rene; & Wu, Muthu Veeran (India). | title=Complete Wing Chun: The Definitive Guide to Wing Chun's History and Traditions | location=Boston | publisher=Tuttle Publishing | year=1998 | isbn=0-8048-3141-6}}
* {{cite book | author=Chu, Robert; Ritchie, Rene; & Wu, Muthu Veeran (India). | title=Complete Wing Chun: The Definitive Guide to Wing Chun's History and Traditions | location=Boston | publisher=Tuttle Publishing | year=1998 | isbn=0-8048-3141-6}}
* {{cite book | author=Leung Ting | title=Wing Tsun Kuen | location=Hong Kong | publisher=Leung's Publications | year=1978 | isbn=962-7284-01-7}}
* {{cite book | author=Leung Ting | title=Wing Tsun Kuen | location=Hong Kong | publisher=Leung's Publications | year=1978 | isbn=962-7284-01-7}}
* {{cite web |last=Ritchie |first=Rene | title=Wing Chun Concepts |url=http://www.wingchunkuen.com/sumnung/articles/article_ritchie03_concepts.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160824023648/http://www.wingchunkuen.com/sumnung/articles/article_ritchie03_concepts.html |archive-date=24 August 2016 |dead-url=yes |work=Yuen Kay-San Wing Chun Kuen: History & Practice}}
* {{cite web |last=Ritchie |first=René | title=Wing Chun Concepts |url=http://www.wingchunkuen.com/sumnung/articles/article_ritchie03_concepts.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160824023648/http://www.wingchunkuen.com/sumnung/articles/article_ritchie03_concepts.html |archive-date=24 August 2016 |url-status=dead |work=Yuen Kay-San Wing Chun Kuen: History & Practice}}
* {{cite book |last=Williams |first=Randy |title=Wing Chun Gung Fu: The Explosive Art of Close Range Combat}}
* {{cite book |last=Williams |first=Randy |title=Wing Chun Gung Fu: The Explosive Art of Close Range Combat}}
{{Refend}}
{{Refend}}


== External links ==
==External links==
* {{Commons category-inline|Wing Chun}}
* {{Commons category-inline|Wing Chun}}
* {{Cite web|url=http://chisao.com/videos|title=Best Wing Chun Videos |website=chisao.com|language=en-US|access-date=2019-02-13}}
* [https://inteligenciamarcial.es/en/// Web Site oficial Moy Yat Ving Tsun in Spain]


{{Guangdong topics}}
{{Guangdong topics}}

{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Wing Chun| ]]
[[Category:Chinese martial arts]]
[[Category:Chinese martial arts]]
[[Category:Wing Chun| ]]

Revision as of 10:30, 2 November 2019

For other uses, see Wing Chun (disambiguation).
Wing Chun Kuen
Also known asVing Tsun, Wing Tsun. Ving Chun
FocusStriking, Grappling, Trapping
Country of originChina
CreatorNg Mui of the Five Elders
ParenthoodFujian White Crane, Shequan
Descendant artsJeet Kune Do
Olympic sportNo
Wing Chun
Chinese name
Traditional Chinese詠春
Simplified Chinese咏春
Hanyu PinyinYǒng Chūn
Cantonese YaleWihng Cheūn
Literal meaning"beautiful springtime"
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinYǒng Chūn
Bopomofoㄩㄥˇ ㄔㄨㄣ
Wade–GilesYung³ Ch'un¹
Tongyong PinyinYǒng Chun
IPA[jʊ̀ŋ ʈʂʰwə́n]
Hakka
RomanizationYún Chhûn
Yue: Cantonese
Yale RomanizationWihng Cheūn
JyutpingWing6 Ceon1
Sidney LauWing6 Cheun1°
Canton RomanizationWing6 Cên1
IPA[wèːŋ tsʰɵ́n]
Southern Min
Hokkien POJÉng-chhun
Vietnamese name
VietnameseVĩnh Xuân

Wing Chun Kuen (traditional Chinese: 詠春拳), usually called Wing Chun (詠春), is a concept-based traditional Southern Chinese Kung fu (wushu) style and a form of self-defence, also known as "beautiful springtime", that requires quick arm movements and strong legs to defeat opponents.[1] Softness (via relaxation) and performance of techniques in a relaxed manner is fundamental to Wing Chun. According to legend, it was created by Ng Mui, an abbess who taught it to her student Yim Wing-chun as a means to defend herself against unwanted advances. The martial art is named after her. According to Ip Man, "Chi Sau in Wing Chun is to maintain one's flexibility and softness, all the while keeping in the strength to fight back, much like the flexible nature of bamboo".[2][3] Notable practitioners of Wing Chun include Ip Man, Bruce Lee, Brandon Lee, Jackie Chan, Donnie Yen, Robert Downey Jr

Characteristics

Wing Chun favors a relatively high, narrow stance with the elbows close to the body. Within the stance, arms are generally positioned across the vitals of the centerline with hands in a vertical "wu sau" ("protecting hand" position).[4] This style positions the practitioner to make readily placed blocks and fast-moving blows to vital striking points down the center of the body; neck, chest, belly and groin. Shifting or turning within a stance is done on the heels, balls, or middle (K1 or Kidney 1 point) of the foot, depending on lineage. Some Wing Chun styles discourage the use of high kicks because this risks counter-attacks to the groin. The practice of "settling" one's opponent to brace them more effectively against the ground helps one deliver as much force as possible to them.[5][6]

Relaxation

Softness (via relaxation) and performance of techniques in a relaxed manner, and by training the physical, mental, breathing, energy and force in a relaxed manner to develop Chi "soft wholesome force",[7] is fundamental to Wing Chun. On "softness" in Wing Chun, Yip Man during an interview said:

Wing Chun is in some sense a "soft" school of martial arts. However, if one equates that work as weak or without strength, then they are dead wrong. Chi Sau in Wing Chun is to maintain one's flexibility and softness, all the while keeping in the strength to fight back, much like the flexible nature of bamboo".[2]

Forms

Most Common Forms

The most common system of forms in Wing Chun consists of three empty hand forms, two weapon forms, and a wooden dummy form.

Empty hand

See also Glossary of Wing Chun terms

小念頭 Siu Nim Tau (Little Idea) The first and most important form in Wing Chun, Siu Nim Tau ("The little idea for beginning"), is to be practiced throughout the practitioner’s lifetime.[8] It is the foundation or "seed" of the art, on which all succeeding forms and techniques depend.[9] Fundamental rules of balance and body structure are developed here. Using a car analogy; for some branches this would provide the chassis,[10] for others this is the engine.[11] It serves as the basic alphabet of the system. Some branches view the symmetrical stance as the fundamental fighting stance; others see it as a training stance used in developing technique.[12]
尋橋 Chum Kiu (Seeking Bridge) The second form, Chum Kiu, focuses on coordinated movement of bodymass and entry techniques to "bridge the gap" between practitioner and opponent, and move in to disrupt their structure and balance.[13][14] Close-range attacks using the elbows and knees are also developed here. It also teaches methods of recovering position and centerline when in a compromised position where Siu Nim Tau structure has been lost. For some branches, bodyweight in striking is a central theme, either from pivoting (rotational) or stepping (translational). Likewise for some branches, this form provides the engine to the car. For branches that use the "sinking bridge" interpretation, the form takes on more emphasis of an "uprooting" context, adding multi-dimensional movement and spiraling to the already developed engine.
標指 Biu Ji (Thrusting Fingers) The third form, and the last form Biu Ji, is composed of extreme short-range and extreme long-range techniques, low kicks and sweeps, and "emergency techniques" to counter-attack when structure and centerline have been seriously compromised, such as when the practitioner is seriously injured.[15] As well as pivoting and stepping developed in Chum Kiu, a third degree of freedom involves more upper body and stretching is developed for more power. Such movements include close-range elbow strikes and finger thrusts to the throat. For some branches this is the turbo-charger of the car; for others it can be seen as a "pit stop" kit that should never come into play, recovering your "engine" when it has been lost. Still other branches view this form as imparting deadly "killing" and maiming techniques that should never be used without good reason. A common Wing Chun saying is "Biu Ji doesn't go out the door". Some interpret this to mean the form should be kept secret; others interpret it as meaning it should never be used if you can help it.

Weapons

八斬刀 Baat Jaam Dou (simplified Chinese: 八斩刀; traditional Chinese: 八斬刀; Cantonese Yale: Baat Jáam Dōu; pinyin: Bā Zhǎn Dāo; lit. 'Eight Slashing Knives'), also known as Yee Jee Seung Do (simplified Chinese: 二字双刀; traditional Chinese: 二字雙刀; Cantonese Yale: Yih Jih Sēung Dōu; pinyin: èr zì shuāng dāo; lit. 'Parallel Shape Double Knives'). A form involving a pair of large "Butterfly Knives", slightly smaller than short swords (Dao), as their blade is usually between 11-15 inches. Historically the knives were also referred to as Dit Ming Do ("Life-Taking Knives").[citation needed] The Baat Jaam Do form and training methods teach advanced footwork, and develop additional power and strength in both stance and technique. The Baat Jaam Do also help to cultivate a fighting spirit, as the techniques are designed to slaughter the enemy.
Modern Hybrid Blade Style Wing Chun Butterfly Swords
六點半棍 Luk Dim Bun Gwan (simplified Chinese: 六点半棍; traditional Chinese: 六點半棍; Cantonese Yale: Luhk Dím Bun Gwan; pinyin: Liù Diǎn Bàn Gùn; lit. 'Six and A Half Point Pole') "Long Pole"— a tapered wooden pole ranging anywhere from 8 to 13 feet in length. Also referred to as "Dragon Pole" by some branches. For some branches that use "Six and A Half Point Pole", their 7 principles of Luk Dim Boon Gwun (Tai-uprooting, lan-to expand, dim-shock, kit-deflect, got-cut down, wan-circle, lau-flowing) are used throughout the unarmed combat as well. The name six and a half point pole comes from these 7 principles, with the last principle: Lau, or Flowing counting as half a point.

Wooden Dummy

木人樁 Muk Yan Jong (Wooden Dummy) Muk Yan Jong is performed on a wooden dummy which serves as an intermediate tool that helps the student to use Wing Chun Kuen against another human opponent. [N/A 1] Muk Yan Jong is demonstrated by using a wooden Wing Chun dummy as an opponent. There are many versions of this form which come from a variety of Wing Chun Kung Fu lineages, however, the most common version of this form dates back to Yip (Ip) Man (October 14, 1893 to December 2, 1972) Wing Chun. Yip Man was the descendant of a wealthy family in Foshan, Southern China. He was one of (the iconic) Bruce Lee's teachers. [N/A 2]

Other Forms

Empty Hand

Both the Wai Yan (Weng Chun) and Nguyễn Tế-Công branches use different curricula of empty hand forms. The Tam Yeung and Fung Sang lineages both trace their origins to Leung Jan's retirement to his native village of Gu Lao, where he taught a curriculum of San Sik.

The Siu Lim Tau of Wing Chun is one long form that includes movements that are comparative to a combination of Siu Lim Tau, Chum Kiu, and Biu Ji of other families. The other major forms of the style are: Jeui Da (Chinese: 追打; lit. 'Chase Strike'), Fa Kyun (Chinese: 花拳; lit. 'Variegated Fist'), Jin Jeung (Chinese: 箭掌; lit. 'Arrow Palm'), Jin Kyun (Chinese: 箭拳; lit. 'Arrow Fist'), Jeui Kyun (Chinese: 醉拳; lit. 'Drunken Fist'), Sap Saam Sau (Chinese: 十三手; lit. 'Thirteen Hands'), and Chi Sau Lung (simplified Chinese: 黐手拢; traditional Chinese: 黐手攏; lit. 'Sticking Hands Set').

Also, a few family styles of Wing-Chun (especially those coming from the Hung Syun Hei Baan (Chinese: 紅船戲班; Chinese: 红船戏班; lit. 'Red Boat Theatrical Troupe') have a advanced combination form called Saam Baai Fat (Chinese: 三拜佛; lit. 'Three Bows to Buddha') which includes many flow/leak techniques from all of the first 'standard' 7 forms. Old phonetics in Cantonese; Hung Sun Hay Ban Tong Red Boat Opera Organization/Troop has a branch in Girard,Ohio ran by Si-Fu Mark Lee Pringle. They are one of the few schools that teach the full 8-form curriculum including Yoo-Choy( old phonetics ) family-style of 'Saam Baai Fut' 3 Bows to Buddha.

Wooden Dummy

The Star Dummy consists of three poles that are embedded into the ground in a triangle with each pole an arms span apart. The associated form consists of kicking the poles using the various kicks found in Wing Chun: front kick, front kick with foot pointed out using broad area of foot and knee rotation to outside, and side kick.

Weapons

The Yuen Kay Shan / Sum Nung branch also historically trained throwing darts (Biu). According to Sum Nung, his skill with them was not comparable enough to Yuen Kay Shan's for him to include them in the current curriculum.[citation needed]

San Sik

San Sik (Chinese: 散式; Cantonese Yale: Sáan Sīk; pinyin: Sǎn Shì; literally: 'Casual Style') are compact in structure. They can be loosely grouped into three broad categories:

1. Focus on building body structure through basic punching, standing, turning, and stepping drills. 2. Fundamental arm cycles and changes, firmly ingraining the cardinal tools for interception and adaptation. 3. Sensitivity training and combination techniques.

Donnie Yen played the role of Wing Chun Grandmaster Ip Man in the 2008 movie Ip Man, which was a box office success, and in its sequels Ip Man 2, Ip Man 3, and Ip Man 4.[16][17] Max Zhang (Zhang Jin) who played the role of Cheung Tin Chi in Ip Man 3 starred in a spin-off and direct sequel movie called Master Z: The Ip Man Legacy, which follows the events after the end of Ip Man 3.[18]

Stephen Amell on the CW show Arrow has incorporated Wing Chun into his fighting style; his character practices on a Muk Yan Jong (wooden dummy).[19]

Notable practitioners

Branches

Main article: Branches of Wing Chun

See also

References

  1. ^ Concepts, Steve Creel, Wing Chun. "About Wing Chun Kung Fu". Wing Chun Concepts. Retrieved 2018-11-26.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  2. ^ a b "An Interview With Grandmaster Yip Man from 1972". My Way of Wing Chun. 2013-07-11. Retrieved 2018-02-10.
  3. ^ "Wing Chun and Bruce Lee". Post Magazine. Retrieved 2019-02-17.
  4. ^ "How to Wu Sau Correctly - Technique is Everything | Sifu Och Wing Chun". Sifu Och Wing Chun. 2016-09-07. Retrieved 2017-03-08.
  5. ^ "Rediscovering the Roots of Wing Chun". Kung Fu Magazine. Retrieved 2010-02-06.
  6. ^ McKnight, David; Kwok Chow, Sifu Chung. "Integrative Wing Chun". Kung Fu Magazine. Retrieved 2010-02-06.
  7. ^ Roselando, Jim (2011-01-28). "One Wing Chun Kung Fu Family – W1NG : » Coaching From The Ancestors". web.archive.org. Retrieved 2019-01-19.
  8. ^ "WING CHUN CONCEPTS: Siu Nim Tao". Wing Chun Concepts. 2017-09-23. Archived from the original on 2017-09-23. Retrieved 2017-10-24.
  9. ^ Michel Boulet. "The Simple Basics of a Complex Art". the Wing Chun Archive. Retrieved 2013-02-10.
  10. ^ Jim Fung (2009-02-23). "Wing Chun Stance". International wing Chun academy. Wingchun.com.au. Archived from the original on 2014-03-19. Retrieved 2013-02-10.
  11. ^ "The Hidden Power of Siu Nim Tau by Tsui Sheung Tin". 2017-05-22. Retrieved 2018-11-23.
  12. ^ Sifu Cogar. "An Overview of Wing Chun". richhealthandwellness.com. Archived from the original on 2010-02-03. Retrieved 2007-05-04.
  13. ^ "The Forms of Wing Chun Kuen Kung Fu | Reading Academy Wing Chun & Kali". Teamwingchun.co.uk. Archived from the original on 2012-05-01. Retrieved 2013-02-10.
  14. ^ "Ving Tsun Martial Arts Studio – Training". Tstvingtsun.bc.ca. Archived from the original on 2013-06-28. Retrieved 2013-02-10.
  15. ^ City Wing Chun – Training Notes Archived April 15, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
  16. ^ "2008 Chinese Box Office records". Boxofficemojo.com. Retrieved 2013-02-10.
  17. ^ "IP Man 4 Teaser Trailer Pits Donnie Yen Against Scott Adkins". Movies. Retrieved 2019-03-20.
  18. ^ Shaw Theatres, Master Z: The Ip Man Legacy Official Trailer, retrieved 2019-01-19
  19. ^ "Arrow's stunt coordinator teaches us how to fight like Oliver Queen". Youtube. December 19, 2014.
  20. ^ "BRUCE LEE AND HIS FRIENDSHIP WITH WONG SHUN LEUNG".
  21. ^ "Who Taught Bruce Lee?".
  22. ^ "Wong meet Bruce Lee".
  23. ^ "Wong Shun Leung – The Logic Behind Wing Chun".
  24. ^ "Sifu Li Heng Chang Official Website (Chinese: 李恆昌)". Archived from the original on 2011-11-13.
  25. ^ "重温《功夫》看星爷打咏春拳".
  26. ^ "Jackie Chan Wing Chun Practitioner".
  27. ^ "壹盤生意叛逆詠春派搶攻上位 - 明星八掛大分享".
  28. ^ Sarah Kurchak (February 8, 2016). "How Wing Chun Helped Robert Downey Jr. Battle Addiction". Fightland.
  29. ^ "Victor Wooten Age, Hometown, Biography". Last.fm. December 15, 2010.

Further reading

  • Chu, Robert; Ritchie, Rene; & Wu, Muthu Veeran (India). (1998). Complete Wing Chun: The Definitive Guide to Wing Chun's History and Traditions. Boston: Tuttle Publishing. ISBN 0-8048-3141-6.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • Leung Ting (1978). Wing Tsun Kuen. Hong Kong: Leung's Publications. ISBN 962-7284-01-7.
  • Ritchie, René. "Wing Chun Concepts". Yuen Kay-San Wing Chun Kuen: History & Practice. Archived from the original on 24 August 2016.
  • Williams, Randy. Wing Chun Gung Fu: The Explosive Art of Close Range Combat.
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