View source for Central acquisition radar (3D-CAR)

{{more citations needed|date=April 2014}}{{Infobox Radar
| name         = 3-dimensional central acquisition radar (3D-CAR)
| image        = File:Rohini_radar.jpg
| caption      = Rohini radar of IAF
| country      = [[India]]
| designer     = [[Electronics and Radar Development Establishment]] ([[DRDO]])
| manufacturer = [[Bharat Electronics Limited]]
| introdate    =
| number       =
| type         = [[Primary surveillance radar]]
| frequency    = [[S band]]
| range        = greater than {{convert|200|km|mi|abbr=on}} <ref name="inpr">{{cite web |url=http://indiannavy.nic.in/press-release/rm-commission-ins-kamorta |title=Raksha Mantri to commission 'INS Kamorta'|date=20 Aug 2014 |work=[[Indian Navy]]}}</ref>
| altitude     = {{convert|18|km|mi}}
| diameter     = <!--{{m to ft|X|addr=yes}}-->
| azimuth      = <!--X-Yº-->
| elevation    = <!--X-Yº-->
| precision    = <!--±{{m to ft|X|addr=yes}}-->
| power        =
| other names  = ROHINI <br/>REVATHI
}}

The '''central acquisition radar (3D-CAR)''' is a [[3D radar]] developed by the [[Defence Research and Development Organisation]] (DRDO) for use with [[Akash (missile)|Akash]] [[Surface-to-air missile|Surface-to-air missiles]] and is capable of tracking 150 targets.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=12 March 2024 |title=Akash Surface-to-Air Missile (SAM) System |url=https://www.airforce-technology.com/projects/akash-surface-to-air-missile-system/ |access-date=2024-10-02 |website=Airforce Technology |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Details==
The central acquisition radar (CAR) is a long-range high-resolution 3D surveillance radar.<ref name=":0" /> The entral acquisition radar was designed by [[Electronics and Radar Development Establishment]] (LRDE), a [[DRDO]] laboratory, and is produced by a joint venture between [[Bharat Electronics Limited|BEL]], [[Larsen & Toubro]], Astra Microwave and [http://www.entec.in/ Entec]. The radar employs a planar array antenna and provides simultaneous multi-beam coverage. It can handle 200 targets in [[track while scan]] mode and has a range of more than 150&nbsp;km and up to 18&nbsp;km altitude.<ref name=":0" /><!--Getting very repetitive-->

==Features==
These features relate to the 3D CAR radar. Specifications for the Rohini, 3D TCR and Revathi are available in the links below.

*Medium-range 3D surveillance
*[[S band]] operation
*Surveillance range more than 200&nbsp;km
*Covers elevation of 18&nbsp;km in height
*High-altitude deployability
*Deployment in less than 20 minutes
*150 Targets in [[Track while scan|TWS]]
*Array of [[Electronic counter-countermeasures|ECCM]] features
*Integrated [[Identification friend or foe|IFF]]
*Capable of detecting low-altitude targets, and also supersonic aircraft flying at over Mach 3 speed
*Frequency agility and jammer analysis

== Variants ==
[[DRDO]] has further developed its into three variants which are:
;Rohini
The Rohini radar is mounted on a modified TATRA heavy truck and supported by a mobile auxiliary power unit. The TATRA is license manufactured by [[BEML|Bharat Earth Movers Limited (BEML)]].<ref>{{cite news | url = https://www.deagel.com/Tactical%20Vehicles/Rohini/a002239 | title =Rohini | website = Deagel|access-date =20 July 2021 }}</ref>
;Revathi
Revathi is the ship-borne secondary surveillance radar especially designed for the [[Indian Navy|navy]] to search the air and sea target. The radar can auto track up to 150 targets including tracking. There are three Antenna Rotation Rates (ARR) of 6, 12, 24 RPMs. The radar has ECCM features.<ref>{{cite news |url =https://www.drdo.gov.in/3d-surveillance-radar-indian-navy-revathi | title =3D Surveillance Radar for Indian Navy -Revathi | website =DRDO |location= [[New Delhi]] | access-date =20 July 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url =http://14.143.90.243/drdoaudit/revathi-radar | title =Revathi Radar | website =DRDO | location =New Delhi | access-date =20 July 2021 | archive-date =27 August 2021 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20210827120516/http://14.143.90.243/drdoaudit/revathi-radar | url-status =dead }}</ref><br />
Revathi radar is used to equip the 4 [[Kamorta-class corvette|''Kamorta''-class corvette]]s.
;3D TCR
It has been developed for [[Indian Army]],<ref>{{cite news | url =https://www.indiascienceandtechnology.gov.in/innovations/industrial-innovations/3d-central-acquisition-radar | title =3D Central Acquisition Radar | website = India Science and Technology | access-date=19 July 2021 }}</ref> with a tracking range of 90&nbsp;km. The radar has a lower antenna mount and is packaged in two vehicles instead of three for the Rohini. It can also feed data to a weapons station 20&nbsp;km away. It is currently in service.

==Current status==
BEL anticipates a requirement for 100 Rohini radars. [[Bharat Electronics Limited|BEL]] delivered the first ROHINI to the [[Indian Air Force]] on August 6, 2008. Around 20 radars can be manufactured annually.<ref>[http://pib.nic.in/release/release.asp?relid=41106 BEL Hands Over State of The Art ‘Rohini’ Radar to IAF ]</ref>

The ROHINI has a new Indian-developed antenna which is more advanced than that on the original CAR terms of power handling and beam forming technology.

Seven Rohinis were initially ordered by the Indian Air Force for their radar modernization program. The IAF then ordered 30 more radars after evaluation, making total orders 37 of the type.

The IAF has ordered eight Akash SAM squadrons, and the ROHINIs act as the central early warning system for an Akash squadron deployment.

The Revathi adds two axis stabilization for operation in naval conditions, as well as extra naval modes.

Additional orders are also expected from the Indian Army if they order the [[Akash (missile)]] system.

As of 2022 the [[Sri Lanka Air Force]] is planning to purchase of two Rohini Radar systems.<ref name="SLPL-251023">{{cite web |title=Annual Performance Report for the year 2022 Sri Lanka Air Force |url=https://www.parliament.lk/uploads/documents/paperspresented/1691572316087520.pdf |website=parliament.lk |publisher=Parliament of Sri Lanka |access-date=25 October 2023}}</ref>

Armenia placed an order for 15 Akash missile system for an order of {{INRConvert|6000|c|lk=on|year=2023}}. The delivery of the system is expected to take begin from Q2 2024.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rath |first1=Anuvesh |title=Indian defence triumph: Bharat Dynamics secures major deal from Armenia amidst global achievements, say sources |url=https://www.zeebiz.com/india/news-indian-defence-triumph-bharat-dynamics-secures-major-deal-from-armenia-amidst-global-achievements-say-sources-269201 |access-date=19 December 2023 |publisher=Zee Business |date=18 December 2023}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite news |last=Dubey |first=Ajit |date=19 December 2023 |title=After Armenia order, Philippines, Brazil, Egypt showing interest in Akash air defence missile system |work=ANI |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/world/asia/after-armenia-order-philippines-brazil-egypt-showing-interest-in-akash-air-defence-missile-system20231219204039/ |access-date=19 December 2023}}</ref><ref name="ET-201223">{{cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/epaper/delhicapital/2023/dec/20/et-poli/india-to-export-air-defence-system-to-armenia/articleshow/106135170.cms|title=India to Export Air Defence System to Armenia|last=Pubby|first=Manu|work=Economic Times|date=2023-12-20}}</ref>

[[Myanmar Navy]]'s frigate ''Sin Phyu Shin (F14)'' was spotted with the Revathi radar during [[Milan (naval exercise)|Milan 2024]] naval exercise.

== Operators ==
<!--READ FIRST: This section is for cited entries only. Please do not add entries into this list without a citation from a reliable source. All entries without a citation will be removed. Thank you.-->
{{Maplink|frame = yes|text=3d-CAR operators as of 2024. <br/> Blue – Current, Green – Future
<!-- Current Operators -->
|id1=Q668 |type1=shape|fill1=#0000FF|stroke-width1=0|title1=India
|id2=Q836 |type2=shape|fill2=#0000FF|stroke-width2=0|title2=Myanmar
<!-- Future Operators -->
|id3=Q854 |type3=shape|fill3=#00FF00|stroke-width3=0|title3=Sri Lanka
|id4=Q399 |type4=shape|fill4=#00FF00|stroke-width4=0|title4=Armenia
<!-- Former Operators -->
}}

*{{flag|India}}
**[[Indian Air Force]]
**[[Indian Army]]
**[[Indian Navy]]
***{{INS|Jalashwa|L41|2}}
***{{sclass|Rajput|destroyer|2}}
****{{INS|Rajput|D51|2}} ''(decommissioned)''
****{{INS|Rana|D52|2}}
***{{sclass|Kamorta|corvette|2}}

*{{flag|Myanmar}}
**[[Myanmar Navy]]
***{{sclass|Kyan Sittha|frigate|2}}

*{{flag|Armenia}}
**[[Armenian Armed Forces]] — Armenia acquired 15 Akash Air Defence System from Bharat Dynamics Limited, with the transaction estimated to be valued at {{INRConvert|6000|c|lk=on|year=2023}}.<ref name=":5"/><ref name="ET-201223"/>

*{{flag|Sri Lanka}}
**[[Sri Lanka Air Force]]<ref name="SLPL-251023"/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* 3D Surveillance Radar for Air Defense - Rohini [http://www.bel-india.in/Products.aspx?MId=13&LId=1&link=59]
* 3D Tactical Control radar [http://www.bel-india.in/Products.aspx?MId=13&LId=1&link=59]
* 3D Naval Surveillance radar - Revathi [http://www.bel-india.in/Products.aspx?MId=13&LId=1&link=69]

{{Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO)}}

[[Category:Military radars of India]]
[[Category:Military equipment of India]]
[[Category:Military equipment introduced in the 2000s]]