View source for Largest organisms

{{short description|List of largest organisms on Earth}}
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[[File:FallPando02.jpg|300px|thumbnail|Although it appears to be multiple trees, [[Pando (tree)|Pando]] is a clonal colony of an individual [[Populus tremuloides|quaking aspen]] with an interconnected root system. It is widely held to be the world's most massive single organism.]]
This article lists the '''largest [[organisms]]''' for various types of life and mostly considers [[Extant taxon|extant]] species,{{efn|The organism sizes listed are frequently considered "outsized" and are not in the normal size range for the respective group.}} which found on Earth can be determined according to various aspects of an organism's size, such as: mass, volume, area, length, height, or even [[genome size]]. Some organisms group together to form a [[superorganism]] (such as [[ant]]s or [[bee]]s), but such are not classed as single large organisms. The [[Great Barrier Reef]] is the world's largest structure composed of living entities, stretching {{convert|2,000|km|mi|abbr=on}} but contains many organisms of many types of species.

When considering singular entities, the largest organisms are [[clonal colony|clonal colonies]] which can spread over large areas. [[Pando (tree)|Pando]], a clonal colony of the [[Populus tremuloides|quaking aspen tree]], is widely considered to be the largest such organism by mass.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.zmescience.com/other/science-abc/heaviest-organism-pando-aspen/|title = The Heaviest Living Organism in the World|date = 9 February 2015|access-date = 10 February 2016|website = ZME Science|last = Mihai|first = Andrei}}</ref> Even if such colonies are excluded, [[trees]] retain their dominance of this listing, with the [[giant sequoia]] being the most massive tree.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Giant Sequoia National Monument|url=http://www.fs.usda.gov/detail/sequoia/home/?cid=stelprdb5394941|website=Sequoia National Forest|publisher=United States Department of Agriculture - Forest service|access-date=10 February 2016}}</ref> In 2006, a huge [[clonal colony]] of the [[seagrass]] ''[[Posidonia oceanica]]'' was discovered south of the island of [[Ibiza]]. At {{convert|8|km|0}} across, and estimated at 100,000 years old,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theportugalnews.com/news/view/1152-20|title=Portuguese scientists discover world's oldest living organism|website=www.theportugalnews.com}}</ref> it may be one of the largest and [[list of long-living organisms|oldest]] clonal colonies on Earth.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.ibiza-spotlight.com/news/2006/monster_plant_280506_i.htm|title= Ibiza's Monster Marine Plant|access-date= 2007-05-09|work=Ibiza Spotlight|date= 28 May 2006|url-status=dead|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20060827123801/http://www.ibiza-spotlight.com/news/2006/monster_plant_280506_i.htm|archive-date= 27 August 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Pearlman |first=Jonathan |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/9066393/Ancient-seagrass-Oldest-living-thing-on-earth-discovered-in-Mediterranean-Sea.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120207170657/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/9066393/Ancient-seagrass-Oldest-living-thing-on-earth-discovered-in-Mediterranean-Sea.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=7 February 2012 |title='Oldest living thing on earth' discovered |newspaper=The Telegraph |date=7 February 2012 |access-date=11 February 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Arnaud-Haond|first=Sophie|author2=Duarte, Carlos M. |author3=Diaz-Almela, Elena |author4=Marbà, Núria |author5=Sintes, Tomas |author6=Serrão, Ester A. |author7=Bruun, Hans Henrik |title=Implications of Extreme Life Span in Clonal Organisms: Millenary Clones in Meadows of the Threatened Seagrass ''Posidonia oceanica''|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=7|issue=2|pages=e30454|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0030454|pmid=22312426|pmc=3270012|bibcode=2012PLoSO...730454A|year=2012|doi-access=free}}</ref>

Among [[animals]], the largest species are all [[marine mammal]]s, specifically [[whales]]. The [[blue whale]] is believed to be the largest animal to have ever lived.<ref name="NYT-20240229">{{cite news |last=Zimmer |first=Carl |authorlink=Carl Zimmer |title=Researchers Dispute Claim That Ancient Whale Was Heaviest Animal Ever - A new study argues that Perucetus, an ancient whale species, was certainly big, but not as big as today's blue whales. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/02/29/science/giant-whale-perucetus.html |date=29 February 2024 |work=[[The New York Times]] |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20240229131654/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/02/29/science/giant-whale-perucetus.html |archivedate=29 February 2024 |accessdate=3 March 2024 }}</ref> The living land animal classification is also dominated by [[mammals]], with the [[African bush elephant]] being the largest of these.

==Plants==
{{main|List of largest plants}}
The largest single-stem tree by wood volume and mass is the [[giant sequoia]] (''Sequoiadendron giganteum''), native to Sierra Nevada and California; it typically grows to a height of {{convert|70|-|85|m|ft|abbr=on|sigfig=2}} and {{convert|5|-|7|m|ft|abbr=on}} in diameter.

The largest organism in the world, according to mass, is the [[Populus tremuloides|aspen tree]] whose colonies of clones can grow up to {{convert|5|mi|km|order=flip|0}} in size. The largest such colony is [[Pando (tree)|Pando]], in the [[Fishlake National Forest]] in Utah.

A form of flowering plant that far exceeds Pando as the largest organism on Earth in area and potentially also mass, is the giant marine plant, ''[[Posidonia australis]]'', living in [[Shark Bay, Western Australia|Shark Bay]], Australia. Its length is about {{convert|180|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} and it covers an area of {{convert|200|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/jun/01/what-the-hell-australian-scientists-discover-biggest-plant-on-earth-off-wa-coast | title=Scientists discover 'biggest plant on Earth' off Western Australian coast | website=[[TheGuardian.com]] | date=31 May 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Edgeloe |first1=Jane M. |last2=Severn-Ellis |first2=Anita A. |last3=Bayer |first3=Philipp E. |last4=Mehravi |first4=Shaghayegh |last5=Breed |first5=Martin F. |last6=Krauss |first6=Siegfried L. |last7=Batley |first7=Jacqueline |last8=Kendrick |first8=Gary A. |last9=Sinclair |first9=Elizabeth A. |date=2022-06-08 |title=Extensive polyploid clonality was a successful strategy for seagrass to expand into a newly submerged environment |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences |volume=289 |issue=1976 |pages=20220538 |doi=10.1098/rspb.2022.0538|pmid=35642363 |pmc=9156900 |s2cid=249204370 }}</ref> It is also among the [[List of longest-living organisms#Clonal plant and fungal colonies|oldest known clonal plants]].

Another giant marine plant of the genus ''[[Posidonia]]'', ''[[Posidonia oceanica]]'' discovered in the Mediterranean near the Balearic Islands, Spain may be the [[Oldest organisms|oldest living]] organism in the world, with an estimated age of 100,000 years.<ref name=seagrass>[http://www.ibiza-spotlight.com/news/2006/monster_plant_280506_i.htm Ibiza's Monster Marine Plant] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071226063158/http://www.ibiza-spotlight.com/news/2006/monster_plant_280506_i.htm |date=2007-12-26 }}. ''Ibiza Spotlight'' (2006-05-28).</ref>

The largest individual flower in the world is ''[[Rafflesia arnoldii]]'', while the [[flowering plant]] with the largest unbranched [[inflorescence]] in the world is ''[[Amorphophallus titanum]].'' Both are native to [[Sumatra]] in [[Indonesia]].

===Green algae===
[[Green algae]] are photosynthetic unicellular and multicellular [[green plants]] that are related to land plants. The [[thallus]] of the unicellular mermaid's wineglass, ''[[Acetabularia]]'', can grow to several inches (perhaps 0.1 to 0.2 m) in length. The fronds of the similarly unicellular, and invasive ''[[Caulerpa taxifolia]]'' can grow up to a foot (0.3 m) long.{{Citation needed|date=January 2021}}

==Animals==
[[File:Anim1754 - Flickr - NOAA Photo Library.jpg|thumb|The blue whale is the largest animal alive today.|left|284x284px]]
[[File:Bruhathkayosaurus matleyi updated.png|thumb|right|260x260px|''[[Bruhathkayosaurus]]'' is potentially the largest animal to have walked the earth.]]{{excerpt|Largest animals}}

==Fungi==
[[File:Armillaria ostoyae.jpg|thumb|''[[Armillaria ostoyae]]''|315x315px]]{{Main|Largest fungal fruit bodies}}
The largest living [[fungus]] may be a [[honey fungus]]<ref name=amarilla>{{Cite web|title=Armillaria gallica, the humongous fungus humungus. Tom Volk's Fungus of the Month for April 2002|url=http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/toms_fungi/apr2002.html|access-date=2022-12-26|website=botit.botany.wisc.edu}}</ref> of the [[species]] ''[[Armillaria ostoyae]]''.<ref name=BBCfungus>{{Cite web|title=BBC News &#124; SCI/TECH &#124; Fantastic fungus find|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/869808.stm|access-date=2022-12-26|website=news.bbc.co.uk}}</ref>
A mushroom of this type in the [[Malheur National Forest]] in the [[Blue Mountains (Oregon)|Blue Mountains]] of eastern [[Oregon]], U.S. was found to be the largest fungal colony in the world, spanning {{convert|8.9|km2|acre|abbr=on}} of area.<ref name=UW>{{Cite web|title=Armillaria gallica, the humongous fungus humungus. Tom Volk's Fungus of the Month for April 2002|url=http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/toms_fungi/apr2002.html|access-date=2022-12-26|website=botit.botany.wisc.edu}}</ref><ref name=ABCfungus>{{Cite web|title=Environment & Nature News - Humungous fungus: world's largest organism? - 10/04/2003|url=https://www.abc.net.au/science/news/enviro/EnviroRepublish_828525.htm|access-date=2022-12-26|website=www.abc.net.au}}</ref> This organism is estimated to be 2,400 years old. The fungus was written about in the April 2003 issue of the ''[[Canadian Journal of Forest Research]]''. If this colony is considered a single organism, then it is the largest known organism in the world by area, and rivals the aspen grove "[[Pando (tree)|Pando]]" as the known organism with the highest living [[Biomass (ecology)|biomass]]. It is not known, however, whether it is a single organism with all parts of the [[mycelium]] connected.<ref name=ABCfungus/> Approximations of the land area of the Oregon "humongous fungus" are {{convert|3.5|sqmi|sqkm}} ({{convert|2240|acre|ha}}, possibly weighing as much as 35,000 tons as the world's most massive living organism.<ref name="patton">{{cite web |author1=Vince Patton |title=Oregon Humongous Fungus Sets Record As Largest Single Living Organism On Earth (7 minute documentary video)|url=https://www.opb.org/television/programs/ofg/segment/oregon-humongous-fungus/ |publisher=Oregon Field Guide |access-date=23 September 2019 |date=12 February 2015}}</ref>

A spatial genetic analysis estimated that a specimen of ''Armillaria ostoyae'' growing over {{convert|91|acre|ha}} in northern [[Michigan]], United States weighs 440 [[ton]]s (4 x 10<sup>5</sup> kg).<ref name="Anderson">{{Cite journal
 | last = Anderson | first = A. |author2=Sand, C. |author3=Petchey, F. |author4=Worthy, T. H.
 | title = Faunal extinction and human habitation in New Caledonia: Initial results and implications of new research at the Pindai Caves
 | journal = Journal of Pacific Archaeology | volume = 1 | issue = 1 | pages = 89–109
 | year = 2010 | hdl = 10289/5404
 }}</ref><ref name="daley">{{cite web |author1=Jason Daley |title=This humongous fungus is as massive as three blue whales: A new estimate suggests this mushroom is 2,500 years old and weighs 440 tons |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/mushroom-massive-three-blue-whales-180970549/ |publisher=Smithsonian.com |access-date=23 September 2019 |date=15 October 2018}}</ref> 

In ''[[Armillaria ostoyae]]'', each individual mushroom (the fruiting body, similar to a flower on a plant) has only a {{convert|5|cm|in|abbr=on}} stipe, and a pileus up to {{convert|12.5|cm|in|abbr=on}} across. There are many other fungi which produce a larger individual size mushroom. The largest known fruiting body of a fungus is a specimen of ''[[Phellinus ellipsoideus]]'' (formerly ''Fomitiporia ellipsoidea'') found on [[Hainan Island]].<ref name=BBCFungalFruitingBody>Walker, Matt. (2011-08-01) [https://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/14294283 Giant fungus discovered in China]. Bbc.co.uk</ref> The fruiting body masses up to {{convert|500|kg|lb|abbr=on}}.<ref name=ScienceFruitingBody>{{Cite journal | last1 = Dai | first1 = Y. C. | last2 = Cui | first2 = B. K. | doi = 10.1016/j.funbio.2011.06.008 | title = Fomitiporia ellipsoidea has the largest fruiting body among the fungi | journal = Fungal Biology | volume = 115 | issue = 9 | pages = 813–814 | year = 2011 | pmid = 21872178}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1= Cui|first1= Bao-Kai|last2= Decock|first2= Cony|year= 2013|title= ''Phellinus castanopsidis'' sp. nov (Hymenochaetaceae) from southern China, with preliminary phylogeny based on rDNA sequences|journal=Mycological Progress|volume=12|issue=2|pages= 341–351|doi= 10.1007/s11557-012-0839-5|bibcode= 2013MycPr..12..341C|s2cid= 17570036}}</ref>

Until ''P. ellipsoideus'' replaced it, the largest individual fruit body came from ''[[Rigidoporus ulmarius]]''. ''R. ulmarius'' can grow up to {{convert|284|kg|lb|abbr=on}}, {{convert|1.66|m|ft|abbr=on}} tall, {{convert|1.46|m|ft|abbr=on}} across, and has a circumference of up to {{convert|4.9|m|ft|abbr=on}}.

===Lichen===
''[[Umbilicaria mammulata]]'' is among the largest lichens in the world. The [[thallus]] of ''U. mammulata'' is usually {{convert|4|to|15|cm|in|abbr=on}} in diameter, but specimens have been known to reach {{convert|63|cm|ft|adj=on}} in the [[Smoky Mountains]] of [[Tennessee]].<ref name=Brodo>{{cite book | last = Brodo | first = Irwin | title = Lichens of North America | publisher = Yale University Press | location = New Haven | year = 2001 | isbn = 978-0-300-08249-4 }}</ref>

The longest lichen is ''[[Usnea longissima]]'', which may grow to exceed {{convert|20|feet}} in length.<ref>{{cite web |title=''Usnea longissima'' |url=https://www.lichen.com/bigpix/Ulongissima.html |website=lichen.com |publisher=Lichens of North America |access-date=10 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120503045319/https://www.lichen.com/bigpix/Ulongissima.html |archive-date=3 May 2012}}</ref>

==Protists==
[[File:Giantkelp2 300.jpg|thumb|''[[Macrocystis pyrifera]]'', the largest species of giant kelp|283x283px]]
(Note: the group [[Protista]] is not used in current taxonomy.)

===Amoebozoans ([[Amoebozoa]])===
:Among the organisms that are not [[multicellular]], the largest are the [[slime mold]]s, such as ''[[Physarum polycephalum]]'', some of which can reach a diameter over {{convert|12|in|cm|abbr=on|order=flip}}.<ref>[http://waynesword.palomar.edu/slime1.htm Slime Mold Photos] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150630192009/http://waynesword.palomar.edu/slime1.htm |date=2015-06-30 }}. Waynesword.palomar.edu</ref> These organisms are [[unicellular]], but they are [[multinucleate]].

===Euglenozoans ([[Euglenozoa]])===
:Some [[euglenophyte]]s, such as certain species of ''[[Euglena]]'', reach lengths of 400 [[micrometre|μm]].<ref name = ProtistServer>
{{cite web
|title = Protist Images: Euglena gigas
|work = Protist Information Server
|year = 2004
|url = http://protist.i.hosei.ac.jp/PDB/Images/Mastigophora/Euglena/gigas/index.html}}</ref>

===Rhizarians ([[Rhizaria]])===
:The largest species traditionally considered [[protozoa]] are giant [[amoeboid]]s like [[foraminifera]]ns. One such species, the [[xenophyophore]] ''[[Syringammina fragilissima]]'', can attain a size of {{convert|20|cm|in|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2008-10-10|title=The 27 Best Deep-Sea Species: #22 Xenophyophores &#124; Deep Sea News|url=https://www.deepseanews.com/2008/10/the-27-best-deep-sea-species-22-xenophyophores/|access-date=2022-12-26|website=www.deepseanews.com|language=en-US}}</ref>

===Alveolates ([[Alveolata]])===
:The largest [[ciliate]]s, such as ''[[Spirostomum]]'', can attain a length over {{convert|4|mm|in|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Micscape Microscopy and Microscope Magazine|url=http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/indexmag.html?http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/artoct98/spiro.html|access-date=2022-12-26|website=www.microscopy-uk.org.uk}}</ref>

===Stramenopiles ([[Stramenopila]])===
:The largest [[stramenopiles]] are [[giant kelp]] from the northwestern Pacific. The floating stem of ''[[Macrocystis]] pyrifera'' can grow to a height of over {{convert|45|m|ft|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Discover|url=https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover.html|access-date=2022-12-26|website=www.nhm.ac.uk|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Giant kelp|url=https://www.montereybayaquarium.org/animals/animals-a-to-z/giant-kelp|access-date=2022-12-26|website=www.montereybayaquarium.org}}</ref>
:Macrocystis also qualifies as the largest [[brown alga]], the largest [[chromist]], and the largest protist generally.

==Bacteria==
The largest known species of [[bacterium]] is named ''[[Thiomargarita magnifica]]'', which grows to {{convert|1|cm|in|abbr=on}} in length,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wong |first=Carissa |title=Largest known bacteria in the world are visible to the naked eye |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2325909-largest-known-bacteria-in-the-world-are-visible-to-the-naked-eye/ |access-date=2022-06-24 |website=New Scientist |language=en-US}}</ref> making it visible to the naked eye and also about five thousand times the size of more typical [[bacteria]].<ref name="science1">{{cite web|url=https://www.science.org/content/article/largest-bacterium-ever-discovered-has-unexpectedly-complex-cells |first = Elizabeth |last = Pennisi|author-link = Elizabeth Pennisi|title=Largest bacterium ever discovered has unexpectedly complex cells |date=|work=[[Science (journal)|Science]]|publisher=science.org|accessdate=2022-02-24|language=en}}</ref> [[BBC News]] described it as possessing the "size and shape of a human [[eyelash]]."<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-06-23 |title=Record bacterium discovered as long as human eyelash |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-61911817 |access-date=2022-06-24}}</ref> [[Science (journal)|''Science'']] published a new paper on the bacterium on June 23, 2022.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Volland |first1=Jean-Marie |last2=Gonzalez-Rizzo |first2=Silvina |last3=Gros |first3=Olivier |last4=Tyml |first4=Tomáš |last5=Ivanova |first5=Natalia |last6=Schulz |first6=Frederik |last7=Goudeau |first7=Danielle |last8=Elisabeth |first8=Nathalie H. |last9=Nath |first9=Nandita |last10=Udwary |first10=Daniel |last11=Malmstrom |first11=Rex R. |date=2022-06-24 |title=A centimeter-long bacterium with DNA contained in metabolically active, membrane-bound organelles |url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abb3634 |journal=Science |language=en |volume=376 |issue=6600 |pages=1453–1458 |doi=10.1126/science.abb3634 |pmid=35737788 |bibcode=2022Sci...376.1453V |s2cid=249990020 |issn=0036-8075}}</ref> According to a study coauthored by Jean-Marie Volland, a marine biologist and scientist at California's Laboratory for Research in Complex Systems, and an affiliate at the US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, ''T. magnifica'' can grow up to 2 centimeters long.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Amarachi Orie |date=June 23, 2022 |title=World's largest bacterium discovered is the size of a human eyelash |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/06/23/world/worlds-largest-bacteria-magnifica-intl-scli-scn/index.html |access-date=2022-06-28 |website=CNN}}</ref>

*'''Cyanobacteria'''
:One of the largest "[[cyanobacteria|blue green algae]]" is ''[[Lyngbya]]'', whose filamentous cells can be 50 μm wide.<ref name = Stal2007>{{Cite book|last = Stal|first = Lucas J.|year = 2007|contribution = Diversity and Versatility, Clues to Life in Extreme Environments|title = Algae and Cyanobacteria in Extreme Environments|series = Cellular Origin, Life in Extreme Habitats and Astrobiology|volume = 11, Part 7|editor = Seckbach, J.|pages = [https://archive.org/details/algaecyanobacter0000unse/page/659 659–680 (666)]|place = Dordrecht, The Netherlands|publisher = Springer|doi = 10.1007/978-1-4020-6112-7_36|isbn = 978-1-4020-6111-0|url = https://archive.org/details/algaecyanobacter0000unse/page/659}}</ref>

==Viruses==
[[File:Comparison_of_the_size_of_giant_viruses_to_a_common_virus_(HIV)_and_bacteria_(E._coli).tif |thumb|A collection of viruses, including ''M. horridgei'' - the largest virus]]
The largest virus on record is ''[[Megaklothovirus horridgei]]'', with the length of 4 micrometres, comparable to the typical size of a bacterium and large enough to be seen in light microscopes. It was discovered in 2018 (being mistaken for [[bristle]]s beforehand), having been found on an [[Chaetognatha|arrow worm]] in the genus ''[[Spadella]]''.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Barthélémy |first1=Roxane-Marie |title=Serendipitous Discovery in a Marine Invertebrate (Phylum Chaetognatha) of the Longest Giant Viruses Reported till Date |journal=Biology |date=8 January 2019}}</ref> Prior to this discovery, the largest virus was the peculiar virus genus ''[[Pandoravirus]]'', which have a size of approximately 1 [[micrometre|micrometer]] and whose genome contains 1,900,000 to 2,500,000 base pairs of DNA.<ref name="Brumfiel">{{cite news | url=https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2013/07/18/203298244/worlds-biggest-virus-may-have-ancient-roots | title=World's Biggest Virus May Have Ancient Roots | work=National Public Radio | date=18 July 2013 | access-date=18 July 2013 | author=Brumfiel, Geoff}}</ref>

''[[Pandoravirus]]'' infects [[amoebas]] specifically, however ''[[Megaklothovirus]]'' infects ''[[Spadella]]'' [[Chaetognatha|arrow worms]].

==See also==
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Charismatic megafauna]]
* [[Deep-sea gigantism]]
* [[Genome size]]
* [[Island gigantism]]
* [[Largest body part]]
* [[Largest prehistoric animals]]
* [[List of longest-living organisms]]
* [[List of heaviest land mammals]]
* [[List of world records held by plants]]
* [[List of largest inflorescences]]
* [[Lists of organisms by population]]
* [[List of longest vines]]
* [[Megafauna]]
* [[Smallest organisms]]
* [[Superorganism]]
{{div col end}}
{{Records|state=collapsed}}

==References==
===Notes===
{{Notelist}}

===Citations===
{{Reflist|35em}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.treehugger.com/slideshows/natural-sciences/10-largest-living-things-organisms-planet/ 10 of the largest living things on the planet] Melissa Breyer. [[TreeHugger]] April 28, 2015
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