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<span>La </span>'''metodología económica''' es el estudio de los métodos, especialmente el [[Método científico|científico]], relacionados con la [[economía]], incluyendo los principios que subyacen al razonamiento económico.<ref>'''Press + button to enlarge small-text links below.'''<br>
<span>La </span>'''metodología económica''' es el estudio de los métodos, especialmente el [[Método científico|científico]], relacionados con la [[economía]], incluyendo los principios que subyacen al razonamiento económico.<ref>: '''Press + button to enlarge small-text links below.'''&nbsp;&nbsp; • [[Roger Backhouse (economist)|Roger E. Backhouse]], 2008. "methodology of economics", ''[[The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics]]'', 2nd Edition. [http://www.dictionaryofeconomics.com/article?id=pde2008_M000393&q=methodology&topicid=&result_number=1 Abstract.] &nbsp;&nbsp; • Lawrence A. Boland, 1987. "methodology", ''[[The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics]]'', v. 3, pp. 455-56. &nbsp;&nbsp; • [[Daniel M. Hausman]], 1989. "Economic Methodology in a Nutshell", ''Journal of Economic Perspectives'', 3(2), pp. [http://manoa.hawaii.edu/ctahr/aheed/Carl/supplementary%20readings/Hausman_1989_Economic_Methodology_in_a_Nutshell.pdf 115-127.] &nbsp;&nbsp; • Kevin D. Hoover, 1995. "Review Article: Why Does Methodology Matter for Economics?" ''Economic Journal'', 105(430), pp. [http://econ.duke.edu/~kdh9/Source%20Materials/Research/WhyMethodologyMatters.pdf 715-734.]
</ref> La [[filosofía de la economía]] también aborda la metodología en la intersección de ambas disciplinas.
&nbsp;&nbsp; • Roger E. Backhouse, 2008. "methodology of economics", ''The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics'', 2nd Edition. [http://www.dictionaryofeconomics.com/article?id=pde2008_M000393&q=methodology&topicid=&result_number=1 Abstract.]<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; • Lawrence A. Boland, 1987. "methodology", ''The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics'', v. 3, pp. 455-56.<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; • Daniel M. Hausman, 1989. "Economic Methodology in a Nutshell", ''Journal of Economic Perspectives'', 3(2), pp. [http://manoa.hawaii.edu/ctahr/aheed/Carl/supplementary%20readings/Hausman_1989_Economic_Methodology_in_a_Nutshell.pdf 115-127.]<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; • Kevin D. Hoover, 1995. "Review Article: Why Does Methodology Matter for Economics?" ''Economic Journal'', 105(430), pp. [http://econ.duke.edu/~kdh9/Source%20Materials/Research/WhyMethodologyMatters.pdf 715-734.]</ref> La [[filosofía de la economía]] también aborda la metodología en la intersección de ambas disciplinas.


== Alcance ==
== Alcance ==
Las cuestiones [[Metodología|metodológicas]] generales incluyen similaridades y contrastes a las [[ciencias naturales]] y otras [[ciencias sociales]] y, en particular, a:
Las cuestiones [[Metodología|metodológicas]] generales incluyen similitudes y contrastes a las [[ciencias naturales]] y otras [[ciencias sociales]] y, en particular, a:
* La definición de la economía<ref>• [[John Stuart Mill]], 1844. </ref>
* La definición de la economía<ref>• [[John Stuart Mill]], 1844. [http://www.econlib.org/library/Mill/mlUQP5.html "On the Definition of Political Economy; and on the Method of Investigation Proper to It"], Essay V, in ''Essays on Some Unsettled Questions of Political Economy''.
* El alcance de la economía definido desde sus métodos<ref>John Neville Keynes, 1891. </ref>
* Principios fundamentales y significancia operativa de la teoría económica<ref>• [[John Hicks|John R. Hicks]], 1939. </ref>
* [[Individualismo metodológico]] frente a [[holismo]]<ref>• Kaushik Basu, 2008. "methodological individualism", ''The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics'', 2nd Edition. </ref>
* El rol de los supuestos simplificadores tales como la [[Teoría de la elección racional|elección racional]] o la maximización de beneficios a la hora de explicar o predecir fenómenos económicos<ref>• Lawrence A. Boland, 2008. "assumptions controversy", ''The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics'', 2nd Edition. </ref>
* Usos descriptivos/[[Economía positiva|positivos]], [[Teoría de la decisión|prescriptivos]]/[[Economía normativa|normativos]], y aplicados<ref>• David Colander (1992). </ref> de la teoría<ref>• Richard G. Lipsey, 2008. "positive economics." </ref>
* el estatus científico<ref>• [[Lionel Robbins]], 1932. </ref> y [[Imperialismo de la economía|dominio expansivo]] de la economía<ref>• Edward P. Lazear, 2000. </ref>
* cuestiones críticas con la práctica y progreso de la [[econometría]]<ref>• Kevin D. Hoover, 2008. "causality in economics and econometrics", ''The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics'', 2nd Edition. </ref>
* el balance de enfoques [[Conocimiento empírico|empíricos]] y filosóficos<ref>• Mark Blaug, 2007. </ref>
* el papel de los [[Economía experimental|experimentos]] en economía<ref>• C.F. Bastable, [1925] 1987. "experimental methods in economics", i, ''The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics'', v. 2, p. 241.<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; </ref>
* El papel de las [[matemáticas]] y la [[economía matemática]] en la economía<ref>• W. Stanley Jevons, 1879. </ref>
* la escritura<ref>• William Thomson, 1999. </ref> y retórica de la economía<ref>• D.N. McCloskey, 1983. </ref>
* la relación entre teoría, observación, aplicación, y metodología en la economía contemporánea.<ref>• Wassily Leontief, 1971. </ref>
La metodología económica ha pasado de reflexiones periódicas de los economistas a campo de investigación propio desde los años 70. Por una parte, ha expandido las [[Filosofía de la economía|fronteras de la filosofía]], incluyendo la relación de la economía con la [[filosofía de la ciencia]] y la [[Epistemología|teoría del conocimiento]]<ref>Lawrence A. Boland, 2006. </ref> Por otra, en la [[filosofía de la economía]], se tratan temas como la [[teoría de la decisión]] y la [[ética]].<ref>• _____, [1994] 2006, ''[https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=ZR_QJXfrfuEC&oi=fnd&pg=PA3&dq=F1FK11cwip&sig=0_AvdUDfdfMJaP7gmiGj8LDDKJ0#v=onepage&q=&f=false Economic Analysis and Moral Philosophy]'', 2nd ed. </ref>


&nbsp;&nbsp; • Roger E. Backhouse and Steven Medema, 2008. "economics, definition of", ''The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics'', 2nd Edition. [http://www.dictionaryofeconomics.com/article?id=pde2008_E000291&q=definitions&topicid=&result_number=5 Abstract.]
== Ver también ==

&nbsp;&nbsp; • _____. 2009. "Retrospectives: On the Definition of Economics", ''Journal of Economic Perspectives'', 23(1), pp. [http://pubs.aeaweb.org/doi/pdfplus/10.1257/jep.23.1.221 221–33] (close Bookmarks tab) [http://www.aeaweb.org/articles.php?doi=10.1257/jep.23.1.221 Abstract.]</ref>
* El alcance de la economía definido desde sus métodos<ref>[[John Neville Keynes]], 1891. ''The Scope and Method of Political Economy''. Annotated chapter [https://books.google.com/books?id=5GcVAAAAYAAJ&pg=PP20&dq=%22Keynes%22+%22Scope+*+Method+*+Political%22 links.] 4th ed., 1917 [1999]. Full [http://socserv.mcmaster.ca/econ/ugcm/3ll3/keynesjn/Scope.pdf#page=3 Contents.]</ref>
* Principios fundamentales y significancia operativa de la teoría económica<ref>• [[John Hicks|John R. Hicks]], 1939. ''[[Value and Capital]]: An Inquiry into Some Fundamental Principles of Economic Theory''.

&nbsp;&nbsp; • [[Terence W. Hutchison]], 1938. ''The Significance and Basic Postulates of Economic Theory''.

&nbsp;&nbsp;• [[Martin Hollis (philosopher)|Martin Hollis]] and [[Edward J. Nell]], 1975. ''Rational Economic Man'', ch. 3,4,5 and 7. [[Cambridge University Press]].

&nbsp;&nbsp;• [[Paul A. Samuelson]], 1947. ''[[Foundations of Economic Analysis]]''.

&nbsp;&nbsp; • [[Richard Lipsey|Richard G. Lipsey]], 2008. "positive economics." ''The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics''. 2nd Edition. [http://www.dictionaryofeconomics.com/article?id=pde2008_P000130&q=positive%20economics&topicid=&result_number=1 Abstract.]

&nbsp;&nbsp; • [[Lawrence A. Boland]], 2008. "instrumentalism and operationalism", ''The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics'', 2nd Edition. [http://www.dictionaryofeconomics.com/article?id=pde2008_I000265&q=instrumentalism&topicid=&result_number=1 Abstract.]

&nbsp;&nbsp; • _____, 2003. ''The Foundations of Economic Method'', 2nd Edition. [https://books.google.com/books?id=q-Umw-h2T98C&source=gbs_navlinks_s Description] and chapter [http://www.sfu.ca/~boland/book1pdf.htm links.]</ref>
* [[Individualismo metodológico]] frente a [[holismo]]<ref>• [[Kaushik Basu]], 2008. "methodological individualism", ''The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics'', 2nd Edition. [http://www.dictionaryofeconomics.com/article?id=pde2008_M000352&q=methodological%20individualism&topicid=&result_number=1 Abstract.]

&nbsp;&nbsp;• Edward J. Nell, 1998. ''General Theory of Transformational Growth'', Part I. Cambridge University Press.

&nbsp;&nbsp; • Harold Kincaid, 2008. "individualism versus holism", ''The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics'', 2nd Edition. [http://www.dictionaryofeconomics.com/article?id=pde2008_I000277&q=methodological%20individualism&topicid=&result_number=2 Abstract.]

&nbsp;&nbsp; • [[F.A. Hayek]], 1948. ''[[Individualism and Economic Order]]''. Chapter-preview [https://books.google.com/books?id=kr2YmpGamZIC&printsec=find&pg=PR7=gbs_atb#v=onepage&q&f=false links.]

&nbsp;&nbsp; • [[George J. Stigler]] and [[Paul A. Samuelson]], 1963. "A Dialogue on the Proper Economic Role of the State." ''Selected Papers'', [http://www.chicagobooth.edu/faculty/selectedpapers/sp7.pdf No. 7.] {{Wayback|url=http://www.chicagobooth.edu/faculty/selectedpapers/sp7.pdf |date=20100527140041 }} University of Chicago Graduate School of Business.

&nbsp;&nbsp; • [[James M. Buchanan]], 1990. "The Domain of Constitutional Economics", ''Constitutional Political Economy'', 1(1), pp. [http://www.springerlink.com/content/k256883l2167l64w/ 1]-18, adapted as "Constitutional Political Economy" in C. K. Rowley and F. Schneider, ed., 2004, ''The Encyclopedia of Public Choice'', v. 2, pp. [https://books.google.com/books?id=YUVMr-aFYwYC&pg=PA60&lpg=PA&f=false#v=onepage&q&f=false 60-67.]

&nbsp;&nbsp; • Kenneth J. Arrow, 1994. "Methodological Individualism and Social Knowledge", ''American Economic Review'', 84(2), pp. [http://socsci2.ucsd.edu/~aronatas/project/academic/Arrow%20on%20meth.%20indiv.pdf 1-9.]

&nbsp;&nbsp; • [[Richard H. Thaler]] and [[Cass R. Sunstein]], 2008. ''[[Nudge (book)|Nudge: Improving Decisions about Health, Wealth, and Happiness]]''. Yale. [https://books.google.com/books?id=dSJQn8egXvUC&lr=&source=gbs_navlinks_shttps://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=dSJQn8egXvUC&oi=fnd&pg=PR7=false#v=onepage&q&f=false Description] and [https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=dSJQn8egXvUC&oi=fnd&pg=PR7=false#v=onepage&q&f=false preview.]

&nbsp;&nbsp; • Shiozawa, Y. 2004 Evolutinary Economics in the 21st Century: A Manifest, ''Evolutionary and Institutional Economics Review'', '''1'''(1): 5-47.</ref>
* El rol de los supuestos simplificadores tales como la [[Teoría de la elección racional|elección racional]] o la maximización de beneficios a la hora de explicar o predecir fenómenos económicos<ref>• Lawrence A. Boland, 2008. "assumptions controversy", ''The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics'', 2nd Edition. [http://www.dictionaryofeconomics.com/article?id=pde2008_A000231&q=assumptions&topicid=&result_number=1 Abstract.]

&nbsp;&nbsp; • [[Milton Friedman]], 1953. "[[Essays in Positive Economics#The Methodology of Positive Economics|The Methodology of Positive Economics]]" in ''Essays in Positive Economics''.

&nbsp;&nbsp; • Paul A. Samuelson, 1963. "Problems of Methodology: Discussion", ''American Economic Review'', 53(2) ''American Economic Review'', pp. 231-236. Reprinted in J.C. Wood & R.N. Woods, ed., 1990, ''Milton Friedman: Critical Assessments'', v. I, pp. 107-13. [https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=goa--dQ_eHUC&oi=fnd&pg=PA107&dq= Preview.] Routledge.

&nbsp;&nbsp; • Stanley Wong, 1973. "The 'F-Twist' and the Methodology of Paul Samuelson", ''American Economic Review'', 63(3) p [http://www.jstor.org/pss/1914363 p. 312]-325. Reprinted in J.C. Wood & R.N. Woods, ed., ''Milton Friedman: Critical Assessments'', v. II, pp. [https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=t4-nLZRU_GAC&oi=fnd&pg=PA224&ots=dObA3ipzQI&sig=B3nSJhVES31I6QHFDAKEonIve1M#v=onepage&q&f=false 224-43].

&nbsp;&nbsp; • Shaun Hargreaves Heap, 2008. "economic man", ''The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics'', 2nd Edition. [http://www.dictionaryofeconomics.com/article?id=pde2008_E000020&q=rationality&topicid=&result_number=24 Abstract.]

&nbsp;&nbsp; • Kenneth J. Arrow, [[The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics|[1987]]] 1989. "Economic theory and the hypothesis of rationality", in ''The New Palgrave: Utility and Probability'', [https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=EBCCa8HtfkUC&oi=fnd&pg=PA25&dq==q-64UY5FMB&sig=7Vm89FLurdN_g1_UCMUJg8-3Ok4 pp. 25-39.]

&nbsp;&nbsp; • Duncan K. Foley, 2004. "Rationality and Ideology in Economics", ''Social Research'', pp. 329-342. Pre-publication [http://homepage.newschool.edu/~foleyd/ratid.pdf version] {{Wayback|url=http://homepage.newschool.edu/~foleyd/ratid.pdf |date=20030811024005 }}.

&nbsp;&nbsp; • [[Thomas J. Sargent]], 1994. ''Bounded Rationality in Macroeconomics'', Oxford. [http://www.oup.com/us/catalog/general/subject/Economics/MacroeconomicTheory/?view=usa&ci=9780198288695 Description] and chapter-preview 1st-page [http://www.questia.com/library/book/bounded-rationality-in-macroeconomics-thomas-j-sargent-by-thomas-j-sargent.jsp links.]

&nbsp;&nbsp; • [[Vernon L. Smith]], 2008. ''Rationality in Economics: Constructivist and Ecological Forms'', Cambridge. Description/contents [http://www.cambridge.org/gb/knowledge/isbn/item1174232/?site_locale=en_GB links] and [https://books.google.com/books?id=0E-aFJ09nPAC&printsec=find&pg=PR7=#v=onepage&q&f=false preview].</ref>
* Usos descriptivos/[[Economía positiva|positivos]], [[Teoría de la decisión|prescriptivos]]/[[Economía normativa|normativos]], y aplicados<ref>• [[David Colander]] (1992). "Retrospectives: The Lost Art of Economics", ''Journal of Economic Perspectives'', 6(3), pp. [http://community.middlebury.edu/~colander/articles/retrospectives_lost_art.pdf 191-198].

&nbsp;&nbsp; • [[John Neville Keynes]], 1891. ''The Scope and Method of Political Economy''. ch. I-II. Annotated chapter [https://books.google.com/books?id=5GcVAAAAYAAJ&pg=PP20&dq=%22Keynes%22+%22Scope+*+Method+*+Political%22 links.] 4th ed., 1917 [1999]. Full [http://socserv.mcmaster.ca/econ/ugcm/3ll3/keynesjn/Scope.pdf#page=3 Contents.]
</ref> de la teoría<ref>• Richard G. Lipsey, 2008. "positive economics." ''The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics''. 2nd Edition. [http://www.dictionaryofeconomics.com/article?id=pde2008_P000130&q=positive%20economics&topicid=&result_number=1 Abstract.]

&nbsp;&nbsp; • Amartya Sen, 1980. "Description as Choice", ''Oxford Economic Papers'', N.S., 32(3), pp. [http://www.jstor.org/pss/2662796 353]-369. Reprinted in Sen, 1982, ''Choice, Welfare and Measurement'', Oxford, Basil Blackwell. Chapter-preview link, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=u8GPYeT1qAUC&printsec=fnd&pg=PA432&dq=#v=onepage&q&f=false 432]-449.

&nbsp;&nbsp; • [[John Neville Keynes]], 1891. ''The Scope and Method of Political Economy''. ch. I, III. Annotated chapter [https://books.google.com/books?id=5GcVAAAAYAAJ&pg=PP20&dq=%22Keynes%22+%22Scope+*+Method+*+Political%22 links.] 4th ed., 1917 [1999]. Full [http://socserv.mcmaster.ca/econ/ugcm/3ll3/keynesjn/Scope.pdf#page=3 Contents.]

&nbsp;&nbsp; • [[Colin F. Camerer]], 2003. ''Behavioral Game Theory: Experiments in Strategic Interaction'', pp. 5-7 (scroll to at [http://press.princeton.edu/chapters/i7517.html 1.1 What Is Game Theory Good For?] {{Wayback|url=http://press.princeton.edu/chapters/i7517.html |date=20110514201411 }}).

&nbsp;&nbsp; • [[Kenneth E. Boulding]], 1969. "Economics as a Moral Science", ''American Economic Review'', 59(1), pp. [http://www.jstor.org/pss/1811088?searchUrl=%2Fsici%3Fsici%3D0002-8282%281969%2959%253A1%253C%253E1.0.CO%253B2-X%26origin%3Drepec&Search=yes 1]–12.

&nbsp;&nbsp; • [[Anthony Barnes Atkinson|A. B. Atkinson]], 2009. "Economics as a Moral Science", ''Economica'', 76(1), pp. [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-0335.2009.00788.x/full 791–804].

&nbsp;&nbsp; • "Economics as a Moral Science" session, 2011. ''American Economic Review'', 101(3), article-abstract [http://www.economicsandethics.org/2011/06/economics-as-a-moral-science-in-american-economic-review.html links].</ref>
* el estatus científico<ref>• [[Lionel Robbins]], 1932. ''[[An Essay on the Nature and Significance of Economic Science]]''.

&nbsp;&nbsp; • [[Richard Lipsey|Richard G. Lipsey]], 2009. "Some Legacies of Robbins’ ''An Essay on the Nature and Significance of Economic Science''", ''Economica'', 76(302), pp. [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-0335.2009.00792.x/pdf 845-56] (press '''+''' button).

&nbsp;&nbsp; • [[Alexander Rosenberg]] (1983). "If Economics Isn't Science, What Is It?" ''Philosophical Forum'', 14, pp. 296-314. Reprinted in M. Martin and L. C. McIntyre (1996), ''Readings in the Philosophy of Social Science'', pp. [https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=oUx60TFkLxoC&oi=fnd&pg=PA661&dq=false#v=onepage&q=false&f=false 661-674.]

&nbsp;&nbsp; • Douglas W. Hands, 1984. "What Economics Is Not: An Economist's Response to Rosenberg", ''Philosophy of Science'', 51(3), p [http://www.jstor.org/pss/187496 p. 495]-503.

&nbsp;&nbsp; • Daniel M. Hausman, 1992. ''The Inexact and Separate Science of Economics''. [http://www.cambridge.org/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=9780521415019 Description], to ch. 1 [http://assets.cambridge.org/97805214/25230/excerpt/9780521425230_excerpt.pdf link,] [https://books.google.com/books?id=F7Vf3sb-ck4C&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_atb#v=onepage&q&f=false preview], and reviews, 1st pages: [http://www.jstor.org/pss/2185742][http://www.jstor.org/pss/687635].</ref> y [[Imperialismo de la economía|dominio expansivo]] de la economía<ref>• [[Edward Lazear|Edward P. Lazear]], 2000. "[[Economic imperialism (economics)|Economic Imperialism]]", ''Quarterly Journal of Economics'', 115(1), pp. [http://flash.lakeheadu.ca/~kyu/E5111/Lazear2000.pdf 99-146.] {{Wayback|url=http://flash.lakeheadu.ca/~kyu/E5111/Lazear2000.pdf |date=20170730023344 }}

&nbsp;&nbsp; • [[George J. Stigler]], 1984. "Economics—The Imperial Science?" ''Scandinavian Journal of Economics'', 86(3), p [http://www.jstor.org/pss/3439864 p. 301]-313.

&nbsp;&nbsp; • [[Ben Fine]], 2000. " Economics Imperialism and Intellectual Progress: The Present as History of Economic Thought?" ''History of Economics Review'', 32, pp. [http://www.hetsa.org/pdf/32-A-2.pdf 10-36] {{Wayback|url=http://www.hetsa.org/pdf/32-A-2.pdf |date=20120426014937 }}.

&nbsp;&nbsp; • [[Jack Hirshleifer]], 1985. "The Expanding Domain of Economics", ''American Economic Review'', 75(6), pp. [http://www.econ.ucla.edu/people/papers/Hirshleifer/Hirshleifer175.pdf 53-68] (press '''+'''). Reprinted in Jack Hirshleifer, 2001, ''The Dark Side of the Force: Economic Foundations of Conflict Theory'', ch.14, pp. [https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=C5uYCmjn0DoC&oi=fnd&pg=PA306&ots=YGN_7LS-bE&sig=zML9J1Yw5CDdEQZfLFWZywR8FEU#v=onepage&q=&f=false 306-] 42.

&nbsp;&nbsp; • [[Gary S. Becker]], 1976. ''The Economic Approach to Human Behavior''. [http://www.press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/E/bo5954985.html Description] and [https://books.google.com/books?id=iwEOFKSKbMgC&printsec=find&pg=PA3=gbs_v2_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q=&f=false preview].

&nbsp;&nbsp; • _____, 1992. "The Economic Way of Looking at Life." Nobel Lecture [http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economics/laureates/1992/becker-lecture.pdf link], also in 1993, ''Journal of Political Economy'', 101(3), pp. 383-409.</ref>
* cuestiones críticas con la práctica y progreso de la [[econometría]]<ref>• Kevin D. Hoover, 2008. "causality in economics and econometrics", ''The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics'', 2nd Edition. [http://www.dictionaryofeconomics.com/article?id=pde2008_C000569&q=experimental%20methods%20in%20economics&topicid=&result_number=11 Abstract] and [http://econ.duke.edu/~kdh9/Source%20Materials/Research/Palgrave_Causality_Final.pdf galley proof.]

&nbsp;&nbsp; • [[Herman Wold|H. Wold]] 1954. "Causality and Econometrics", ''[[Econometrica]]'', 22(2), p [http://www.jstor.org/pss/1907540 p. 162]-177.

&nbsp;&nbsp; • [[Clive Granger|C. W. J. Granger]] and P. Newbold, 1974. "Spurious Regressions in Econometrics", ''Journal of Econometrics'', 2(2), pp. [http://www.climateaudit.info/pdf/others/granger.1974.pdf 111-120].

&nbsp;&nbsp; • [[David F. Hendry]], 1980. "Econometrics — Alchemy or Science?" ''Economica'', N.S., 47(188), pp. [http://www.climateaudit.info/pdf/others/hendry.1980.pdf 387-406].

&nbsp;&nbsp; • _____ 2001a. "Achievements and Challenges in Econometric Methodology", ''Journal of Econometrics'', 100(1), pp. 7-10. [http://www-bcf.usc.edu/~chsiao/Hendry.pdf PDF, pp. 1-4] {{Wayback|url=http://www-bcf.usc.edu/~chsiao/Hendry.pdf |date=20160304043548 }}.

&nbsp;&nbsp; • _____, 2001b. ''Econometrics: Alchemy or Science Essays in Econometric Methodology'', 2nd Edition. Oxford. [http://economics.ouls.ox.ac.uk/9462/ Description] {{Wayback|url=http://economics.ouls.ox.ac.uk/9462/ |date=20120425051550 }} and [http://www.lib.muohio.edu/multifacet/record/mu3ugb3820922 contents.] {{Wayback|url=http://www.lib.muohio.edu/multifacet/record/mu3ugb3820922 |date=20130518115537 }} [http://www.ssc.wisc.edu/~bhansen/papers/ej_96.pdf Review] in the ''Economic Journal''.

&nbsp;&nbsp; • Edward E. Leamer, 1983. "Let's Take the Con Out of Econometrics", ''American Economic Review'', 73(1), pp. [http://www.international.ucla.edu/media/files/Leamer_article.pdf 31-43.]

&nbsp;&nbsp; • [[Christopher A. Sims]], 1980. "Macroeconomics and Reality", ''Econometrica'',48, No. 1, pp. [http://www.terry.uga.edu/~last/classes/8130/readings/sims_1980.pdf 1-48] {{Wayback|url=http://www.terry.uga.edu/~last/classes/8130/readings/sims_1980.pdf |date=20120402163650 }}.

&nbsp;&nbsp; • [[Fischer Black]], 1982. "The Trouble with Econometric Models", ''Financial Analysts Journal'', 38(2), pp. [http://www.jstor.org/pss/4478530 29]-37. Reprinted in Black, 2009, ''Business Cycles and Equilibrium'', Wiley. Updated version, pp. 135 [https://books.google.com/books?id=V8N48sPixrEC&printsec=find&pg=PA136#v=onepage&q&f=false -] 150.

&nbsp;&nbsp; • From Truman F. Bewley, ed., 1987. ''Advances in Econometrics: Fifth World Congress'', Cambridge v. 2:

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Edward E. Leamer, "Econometric Metaphors", pp. [https://books.google.com/books?id=5p4APIQhqd8C&printsec=find&pg=PA1=onepage&q&f=false#v=onepage&q&f=false 1-] 28.

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; David F. Hendry. "Econometric Methodology: A Personal Perspective", pp. [https://books.google.com/books?id=5p4APIQhqd8C&printsec=find&pg=PA29=onepage&q&f=false#v=onepage&q&f=false 29-] 42.

&nbsp;&nbsp; • P.C.B. Phillips, 1988. "Reflections on Econometric Methodology", ''Economic Record'', 64(4), pp. 344–359. [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1475-4932.1988.tb02075.x/abstract Abstract.]

&nbsp;&nbsp; • David F. Hendry, Edward E. Leamer, and Dale J. Poirier, 1990. "The ET Dialogue: A Conversation on Econometric Methodology", ''Econometric Theory'', 6(2), pp. [http://www.jstor.org/pss/3532275 171]-261.

&nbsp;&nbsp; • [[Deirdre N. McCloskey]] and [[Stephen T. Ziliak]], 1996. "The Standard Error of Regressions", ''Journal of Economic Literature'', 34(1), pp. [http://www.deirdremccloskey.com/docs/pdf/Article_189.pdf 97–114.]

&nbsp;&nbsp; • Kevin D. Hoover and Mark V. Siegler, 2008. "Sound and Fury: McCloskey and Significance Testing in Economics", ''Journal of Economic Methodology'', 15(1), pp. [http://econ.duke.edu/~kdh9/Source%20Materials/Research/Sound%20and%20Fury%20Published%20Version.pdf 1–37]; McCloskey and Ziliak, "Signifying Nothing: Reply to ..." [http://www.deirdremccloskey.com/docs/hoover.pdf <nowiki>[preprint]</nowiki>] and Hoover and Siegler, {{enlace roto|1=[http://www.usp.br/feaecon/media/fck/File/P9_Hoover-Siegler_Rejoinder.pdf "... Rejoinder to ...] |2=http://www.usp.br/feaecon/media/fck/File/P9_Hoover-Siegler_Rejoinder.pdf |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}, pp. 39–68;

&nbsp;&nbsp; • [[Edward J. Nell]] and Karim Errouaki, 2011. ''Rational Econometric Man'',Part I and ch. 10. Edward Elgar.</ref>
* el balance de enfoques [[Conocimiento empírico|empíricos]] y filosóficos<ref>• Mark Blaug, 2007. "The Social Sciences: Economics", Postwar developments, Methodological considerations in contemporary economics, ''The New Encyclopædia Britannica'', v. 27, pp. 346-47.

&nbsp;&nbsp; • [[Edward J. Nell]] (2004) "Critical Realism and Transformational Growth." In ''Transforming Economics''. Edited by P. Lewis. London: Routledge.76-95.

&nbsp;&nbsp; • [[Frank H. Knight]], 1924. "The Limitations of Scientific Method in Economics", in ''The Trend of Economics'', R.G. Tugwell, ed., pp. 229-67. Reprinted in Frank H. Knight, 1935 [1997], ''The Ethics of Competition'', pp. [https://books.google.com/books?id=wOIXxxywikIC&printsec=fnd&pg=PA97=gbs_v2_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false 97-] 139.

&nbsp;&nbsp; •Daniel M. Hausman, 1983. "The Limits of Economic Science", in ''The Limits of Lawfulness: Studies on the Scope and Nature of Scientific Knowledge'', N. Rescher, ed. Reprinted in D.M. Hausman, 1992, ''Essays on Philosophy and Economic Methodology'', pp. [https://books.google.com/books?id=pM57-DJ2yDcC&printsec=find&pg=PA99=gbs_atb#v=onepage&q&f=false 99-108.]

&nbsp;&nbsp; • [[Ludwig von Mises]], 1949. ''[[Human Action]]''.

&nbsp;&nbsp; • Bruce Caldwell, [1987] 2008. "positivism", ''The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics'', 2nd Edition. [http://www.dictionaryofeconomics.com/article?id=pde2008_P000131&q=empiricism&topicid=&result_number=1 Abstract.]
</ref>
* el papel de los [[Economía experimental|experimentos]] en economía<ref>• C.F. Bastable, [1925] 1987. "experimental methods in economics", i, ''The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics'', v. 2, p. 241.

&nbsp;&nbsp; • [[Vernon L. Smith]], [1987] 2008a. "experimental methods in economics", ''The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics'', 2nd Edition. [http://www.dictionaryofeconomics.com/article?id=pde2008_E000186&q=Experimental%20economics&topicid=&result_number=2 Abstract.]

&nbsp;&nbsp; • _____, 2008b. "experimental economics", ''The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics'', 2nd Edition, [http://www.dictionaryofeconomics.com/article?id=pde2008_E000277&q=experimental%20&topicid=&result_number=2 Abstract.]

&nbsp;&nbsp; • Herman O. Wold (1969). "Econometrics as Pioneering in Nonexperimental Model Building", ''Econometrica'', 37(3), p [http://www.jstor.org/pss/1912787 p. 369]-381.
</ref>
* El papel de las [[matemáticas]] y la [[economía matemática]] en la economía<ref>• [[W. Stanley Jevons]], 1879. ''The Theory of Political Economy'', 2nd ed., ch. I, "Introduction", pp. [https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=aYcBAAAAQAAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=&ots=IzvVGZsfgr&sig=7cotWhglmXyD7X3eM_1GioVg4No#v=onepage&q=false 1-29.]

&nbsp;&nbsp; • Paul A. Samuelson, 1952. "Economic Theory and Mathematics — An Appraisal", ''American Economic Review'', 42(2), pp. [http://cowles.econ.yale.edu/P/cp/p00b/p0061.pdf 56-66.]

&nbsp;&nbsp; • D.W. Bushaw and R.W. Clower, 1957. ''Introduction to Mathematical Economics'', pp. [http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b3513586;page=root;view=image;size=100;seq=11;num=vii vii-viii] and ch. 1, pp. [http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b3513586;page=root;view=image;size=100;seq=19;num=3 3-8.]

&nbsp;&nbsp; • [[Gérard Debreu]], ([1987] 2008). "mathematical economics", ''The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics'', 2nd Edition. [http://www.dictionaryofeconomics.com/article?id=pde2008_M000107&edition=current&q=Mathematical%20economics&topicid=&result_number=1 Abstract.] (First published with revisions from 1986, "Theoretic Models: Mathematical Form and Economic Content", ''Econometrica'', 54(6), pp. [http://www.jstor.org/pss/1914299 1259]-1270.)

&nbsp;&nbsp; • _____ 1991. "The Mathematization of Economic Theory", ''American Economic Review'', 81(1), [http://cepa.newschool.edu/het/texts/method/debr91.htm pp. 1-7.] {{Wayback|url=http://cepa.newschool.edu/het/texts/method/debr91.htm |date=20081231123418 }}

&nbsp;&nbsp; • [[Robert W. Clower]], 1994. "Economics as an Inductive Science", ''Southern Economic Journal'', 60(4), pp. [http://cas.umkc.edu/ECON/economics/faculty/Lee/courses/502/reading/methcrit1.pdf 805-814.]

&nbsp;&nbsp; • _____, 1995. "Axiomatics in Economics", ''Southern Economic Journal'', 62(2), pp. [http://cas.umkc.edu/ECON/economics/faculty/Lee/courses/502/reading/gewecrit2.pdf 307-319.]

&nbsp;&nbsp; • Mark Blaug, 2003. "The Formalist Revolution of the 1950s", ''Journal of the History of Economic Thought'', 25(2), pp. 145-156. [http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=5802604 Abstract]. Reprinted in Warren J. Samuels, ''et al''., ed., 2003, ''A Companion to the History of Economic Thought'', Wiley, pp. [https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=oEG74UiYP10C&oi=fnd&pg=PA396&ots=Tp8lt2RqZn&sig=4ds_kH9EFPSEKj5Zf1rKnxVXD7k#v=onepage&q&f=false 395-] 409.

&nbsp;&nbsp; • _____, 1998. "Disturbing Currents in Modern Economics", ''Challenge'', 41(3), pp. 11-34. [http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1093/is_n3_v41/ai_20809839/ Reprint.]

&nbsp;&nbsp; • [[Paul Krugman]], 1998, "Two Cheers for Formalism", ''Economic Journal'', 108(451), pp. [http://www.jstor.org/pss/2565846 1829]-1836.

&nbsp;&nbsp; • Terence Hutchison, 2000. ''On the Methodology of Economics and the Formalist Revolution'', Edward Elgar. [http://www.e-elgar.com/Print_product_detail.lasso?id=1719 Description] and [https://books.google.com/books?id=d-jZBhjpSC8C&printsec=find&pg=PP11=#v=onepage&q&f=false preview].

&nbsp;&nbsp; • [[E. Roy Weintraub]], 2008. "mathematics and economics", ''The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics'', 2nd Edition. [http://www.dictionaryofeconomics.com/article?id=pde2008_M000372&edition=current&q=&topicid=&result_number=1 Abstract].

&nbsp;&nbsp; • _____, 2002. ''How Economics Became a Mathematical Science'', [[Duke University Press]]. [http://www.dukeupress.edu/Catalog/ViewProduct.php?productid=6807&viewby=series&categoryid=47&sort=newest Description] {{Wayback|url=http://www.dukeupress.edu/Catalog/ViewProduct.php?productid=6807&viewby=series&categoryid=47&sort=newest |date=20100729022635 }}, [https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=ntc_Fs36AoQC&oi=fnd&pg=PR7&dq=&f=false#v=onepage&q&f=false preview], and [http://www.nd.edu/~pmirowsk/pdf/Weintraub_review_Isis.pdf review] {{Wayback|url=http://www.nd.edu/~pmirowsk/pdf/Weintraub_review_Isis.pdf |date=20110928235616 }} [http://www.jstor.org/pss/3132446 extract].

&nbsp;&nbsp; • [[Kenneth J. Arrow]], 1951. ''[[Social Choice and Individual Values]]''.

&nbsp;&nbsp; • [[Amartya Sen|Amartya K. Sen]], 1970 [1984]. ''Collective Choice and Social Welfare'' ISBN 0-444-85127-5.

&nbsp;&nbsp; • _____, 2008. "[[social choice]]", ''The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics'', 2nd Edition. [http://www.dictionaryofeconomics.com/article?id=pde2008_S000164&q=methodology&topicid=&result_number=40 Abstract.]
</ref>
* la escritura<ref>• William Thomson, 1999. "The Young Person's Guide to Writing Economic Theory," ''Journal of Economic Literature'', 37(1), pp. [http://web.cenet.org.cn/upfile/70156.pdf 157-183.] {{Wayback|url=http://web.cenet.org.cn/upfile/70156.pdf |date=20110615184729 }}

&nbsp;&nbsp; • _____, 2001. ''A Guide for the Young Economist: Writing and Speaking Effectively about Economics''. Chapter-preview [https://books.google.com/books?id=GuDcMokIZaQC&printsec=find&pg=PR7#v=onepage&q&f=false links.]

&nbsp;&nbsp; • Eric Rasmusen, 2001. "Aphorisms on Writing, Speaking, and Listening", in E. Rasmusen, ed., ''Readings in Games and Information'', pp. 389-420. [http://works.bepress.com/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1033&context=rasmusen PDF.] {{Wayback|url=http://works.bepress.com/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1033&context=rasmusen |date=20150809113811 }}

&nbsp;&nbsp; • Donald McCloskey, 1985. "Economical Writing", ''[[Economic Inquiry]]'', 23(2), pp. [http://business.nmsu.edu/~mhyman/M610_Articles/McCloskey_EconInquiry_1985.pdf 187-222.] {{Wayback|url=http://business.nmsu.edu/~mhyman/M610_Articles/McCloskey_EconInquiry_1985.pdf |date=20110512004537 }}

&nbsp;&nbsp; • David N. Laband and Christopher N. Taylor, 1992. "The Impact of Bad Writing in Economics", ''[[Economic Inquiry]]'', 30(4), pp. 673-688. [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1465-7295.1992.tb01289.x/abstract.] {{Wayback|url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1465-7295.1992.tb01289.x/abstract. |date=20160519183825 }}</ref> y retórica de la economía<ref>• D.N. McCloskey, 1983. "The Rhetoric of Economics", ''Journal of Economic Literature'', 21(2), pp. [http://www.deirdremccloskey.com/docs/pdf/Article_110.pdf 481-517.]

&nbsp;&nbsp; • _____, [1985] 1998, 2nd ed. ''The Rhetoric of Economics''. Chapter-preview [https://books.google.com/books?id=RDwsPG2KmXYC&printsec=find&pg=PR7=onepage&q&f=false#v=onepage&q&f=false links.]

&nbsp;&nbsp; • Roger Backhouse, T. Dudley-Evans, and Willie Henderson, 1993. "Exploring the Language and Rhetoric of Economics", in Willie Henderson ''et al.'', ''Economics and Language'', pp. [https://books.google.com/books?id=y7MOAAAAQAAJ&printsec==fnd&pg=PA1=gbs_atb#v=onepage&q&f=false 1-20] (preview)

&nbsp;&nbsp; • [[John Kenneth Galbraith]], 1962. "The Language of Economics", ''Fortune'', LXVI(6), Dec. pp. 12-30, 169, 31. Excerpt at [CNN] [http://money.cnn.com/2006/05/17/news/newsmakers/galbraith_fortune_052906/index.htm "FORTUNE: John Kenneth Galbraith, excerpts from his writing"], May 17, 2006.
</ref>
* la relación entre teoría, observación, aplicación, y metodología en la economía contemporánea.<ref>• [[Wassily Leontief]], 1971. "Theoretical Assumptions and Nonobserved Facts", ''American Economic Review'', 61(1), pp. 1-7. Reprinted in W. Leontief, 1977, ''Essays in Economics'', v. 1, ch. III, pp. [https://books.google.com/books?id=OPGg2K2ZJ6MC&pg=PA24&lpg=PA24&dq=%22Theoretical+Assumptions+and+Nonobserved+Facts%22&source=bl&ots=OzwVeGoG9Y&sig=Q9f3_I_nrFBOfRB3syegIL1Km9o&hl=en&ei=xgUFTN6pAcKblgeU79jWBg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CBoQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=%22Theoretical%20Assumptions%20and%20Nonobserved%20Facts%22&f=false 24-34.]

&nbsp;&nbsp; • [[Mark Blaug]], 1992. ''The Methodology of Economics: Or How Economists Explain'', 2nd ed., Cambridge. [http://www.cambridge.org/gb/knowledge/isbn/item1143239/?site_locale=en_GB Description] and [https://books.google.com/books?id=T4y7HyduGnIC&dq=%22The+Methodology+of+Economics,+or+How+Economists+Explain%22&lr=&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0 Preview.]

&nbsp;&nbsp; • Roger Backhouse and Mark Blaug, 1994. ''New Directions in Economic Methodology'', Routledge. Contents [https://books.google.com/books?id=T4y7HyduGnIC&printsec=find&pg=PR7#v=onepage&q&f=false preview.]

&nbsp;&nbsp; • P.A.G. van Bergeijk ''et al.'', 1997. ''Economic Science and Practice: The Roles of Academic Economists and Policy-Makers''. [http://www.e-elgar.co.uk/bookentry_mainUS.lasso?id=1360 Description] {{Wayback|url=http://www.e-elgar.co.uk/bookentry_mainUS.lasso?id=1360 |date=20140416050849 }} & preview [https://books.google.com/books?id=nSdX1zjn1aYC&printsec=find&pg=PR5=false#v=onepage&q&f=false links.]

&nbsp;&nbsp; • D. Wade Hands, 2001. ''Without Rules: Economic Methodology and Contemporary Science Theory'', Oxford. [https://books.google.com/books?id=FUZZAXGF7qsC&dq=methodology+OR+methodological+economic&lr=&source=gbs_navlinks_s Description] and contents [https://books.google.com/books?id=FUZZAXGF7qsC&printsec=find&pg=PR7#v=onepage&q&f=false preview.]

&nbsp;&nbsp; • [[Christopher A. Sims]], 1996. "Macroeconomics and Methodology", ''Journal of Economic Perspectives'', 10(1), pp. [http://wolfweb.unr.edu/homepage/pingle/Teaching/Sims%201996.pdf 105-120.] {{Wayback|url=http://wolfweb.unr.edu/homepage/pingle/Teaching/Sims%201996.pdf |date=20110510022622 }}

&nbsp;&nbsp; • Kevin D. Hoover, 2001. ''The Methodology of Empirical Macroeconomics'', Oxford. [https://books.google.com/books?id=lCG9PQqCf_UC&source=gbs_navlinks_s Description] and [https://books.google.com/books?id=hkTjC7SlRTcC&printsec=find&pg=PR9#v=onepage&q&f=false preview.]

&nbsp;&nbsp; • [[Bruno S. Frey]], 2001. "Why Economists Disregard Economic Methodology'', ''Journal of Economic Methodology'', 8(1), pp. [http://www.bsfrey.ch/articles/352_01.pdf 41–47] {{Wayback|url=http://www.bsfrey.ch/articles/352_01.pdf |date=20101105202620 }}.''</ref>
La metodología económica ha pasado de reflexiones periódicas de los economistas a campo de investigación propio desde los años 70. Por una parte, ha expandido las [[Filosofía de la economía|fronteras de la filosofía]], incluyendo la relación de la economía con la [[filosofía de la ciencia]] y la [[Epistemología|teoría del conocimiento]].<ref>Lawrence A. Boland, 2006. "[https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=udfyv7humtoC&oi=fnd&pg=PA222&dq=false#v=onepage&q=false&f=false Seven Decades of Economic Methodology: A Popperian Perspective]", in ''Karl Popper: A Centenary Assessment'', v. 3, ed. Ian Charles Jarvie ''et al.'', pp. 219</ref> Por otra, en la [[filosofía de la economía]], se tratan temas como la [[teoría de la decisión]] y la [[ética]].<ref>• _____, [1994] 2006, ''[https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=ZR_QJXfrfuEC&oi=fnd&pg=PA3&dq=F1FK11cwip&sig=0_AvdUDfdfMJaP7gmiGj8LDDKJ0#v=onepage&q=&f=false Economic Analysis and Moral Philosophy]'', 2nd ed. New York, Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521558506</ref>

== Véase también ==
* [[Sistema económico|Sistemas económicos]]
* [[Sistema económico|Sistemas económicos]]
* Metodología econométrica
* Modelo (economía)


== Notes ==
== Referencias ==
{{Reflist|20em}}
{{listaref|20em}}


== Referencias ==
== Referencias ==
* John Bryan Davis, D. Wade Hands, Uskali Mäki (1998). ''Handbook of Economic Methodology'', E. Elgar
* John Bryan Davis, D. Wade Hands, Uskali Mäki (1998). ''Handbook of Economic Methodology'', E. Elgar
* Hands, D. Wade, ed. (1993). ''The Philosophy And Methodology Of Economics'', Duke University
* Hands, D. Wade, ed. (1993). ''The Philosophy And Methodology Of Economics'', Duke University
* Hausman, Daniel M. (1984). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=NqNGaJBahWoC&lpg=PR5&hl=bg&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=false The Philosophy of Economics: An Anthology]''. New York: Cambridge University Press, [[:en:Special:BookSources/052145929X|ISBN 052145929X]]
* Hausman, Daniel M. (1984). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=NqNGaJBahWoC&lpg=PR5&hl=bg&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=false The Philosophy of Economics: An Anthology]''. New York: Cambridge University Press, [[Special:BookSources/052145929X|ISBN 052145929X]]
* Boland, L. (1982) ''The Foundations of Economic Method'', London: Geo. Allen & Unwin.
* Boland, L. (1982) ''The Foundations of Economic Method'', London: Geo. Allen & Unwin.
* Boland, L. (1989) ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=jR0OAAAAQAAJ&lpg=PP1&dq=The%20Methodology%20of%20Economic%20Model%20Building&hl=bg&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=false The Methodology of Economic Model Building: Methodology after Samuelson]'', London: Routledge.
* Boland, L. (1989) ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=jR0OAAAAQAAJ&lpg=PP1&dq=The%20Methodology%20of%20Economic%20Model%20Building&hl=bg&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=false The Methodology of Economic Model Building: Methodology after Samuelson]'', London: Routledge.
Línea 48: Línea 233:
* Daniel M. Hausman, [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/economics Philosophy of Economics] (with focus on methodology), ''Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy''
* Daniel M. Hausman, [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/economics Philosophy of Economics] (with focus on methodology), ''Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy''
* [[Milton Friedman]], [http://members.shaw.ca/compilerpress1/Anno%20Friedman%20Positive.htm "The Methodology of Positive Economics"]
* [[Milton Friedman]], [http://members.shaw.ca/compilerpress1/Anno%20Friedman%20Positive.htm "The Methodology of Positive Economics"]
{{Control de autoridades}}
[[Categoría:Metodología económica]]
[[Categoría:Metodología económica]]
[[Categoría:Relación de la economía con otras disciplinas]]
[[Categoría:Relación de la economía con otras disciplinas]]

Revisión actual - 18:56 24 ago 2024

La metodología económica es el estudio de los métodos, especialmente el científico, relacionados con la economía, incluyendo los principios que subyacen al razonamiento económico.[1]​ La filosofía de la economía también aborda la metodología en la intersección de ambas disciplinas.

Alcance

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Las cuestiones metodológicas generales incluyen similitudes y contrastes a las ciencias naturales y otras ciencias sociales y, en particular, a:

La metodología económica ha pasado de reflexiones periódicas de los economistas a campo de investigación propio desde los años 70. Por una parte, ha expandido las fronteras de la filosofía, incluyendo la relación de la economía con la filosofía de la ciencia y la teoría del conocimiento.[18]​ Por otra, en la filosofía de la economía, se tratan temas como la teoría de la decisión y la ética.[19]​

Véase también

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Referencias

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  1. ↑ : Press + button to enlarge small-text links below.   • Roger E. Backhouse, 2008. "methodology of economics", The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 2nd Edition. Abstract.    • Lawrence A. Boland, 1987. "methodology", The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics, v. 3, pp. 455-56.    • Daniel M. Hausman, 1989. "Economic Methodology in a Nutshell", Journal of Economic Perspectives, 3(2), pp. 115-127.    • Kevin D. Hoover, 1995. "Review Article: Why Does Methodology Matter for Economics?" Economic Journal, 105(430), pp. 715-734.
  2. ↑ • John Stuart Mill, 1844. "On the Definition of Political Economy; and on the Method of Investigation Proper to It", Essay V, in Essays on Some Unsettled Questions of Political Economy.    • Roger E. Backhouse and Steven Medema, 2008. "economics, definition of", The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 2nd Edition. Abstract.    • _____. 2009. "Retrospectives: On the Definition of Economics", Journal of Economic Perspectives, 23(1), pp. 221–33 (close Bookmarks tab) Abstract.
  3. ↑ John Neville Keynes, 1891. The Scope and Method of Political Economy. Annotated chapter links. 4th ed., 1917 [1999]. Full Contents.
  4. ↑ • John R. Hicks, 1939. Value and Capital: An Inquiry into Some Fundamental Principles of Economic Theory.    • Terence W. Hutchison, 1938. The Significance and Basic Postulates of Economic Theory.   • Martin Hollis and Edward J. Nell, 1975. Rational Economic Man, ch. 3,4,5 and 7. Cambridge University Press.   • Paul A. Samuelson, 1947. Foundations of Economic Analysis.    • Richard G. Lipsey, 2008. "positive economics." The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics. 2nd Edition. Abstract.    • Lawrence A. Boland, 2008. "instrumentalism and operationalism", The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 2nd Edition. Abstract.    • _____, 2003. The Foundations of Economic Method, 2nd Edition. Description and chapter links.
  5. ↑ • Kaushik Basu, 2008. "methodological individualism", The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 2nd Edition. Abstract.   • Edward J. Nell, 1998. General Theory of Transformational Growth, Part I. Cambridge University Press.    • Harold Kincaid, 2008. "individualism versus holism", The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 2nd Edition. Abstract.    • F.A. Hayek, 1948. Individualism and Economic Order. Chapter-preview links.    • George J. Stigler and Paul A. Samuelson, 1963. "A Dialogue on the Proper Economic Role of the State." Selected Papers, No. 7. Archivado el 27 de mayo de 2010 en Wayback Machine. University of Chicago Graduate School of Business.    • James M. Buchanan, 1990. "The Domain of Constitutional Economics", Constitutional Political Economy, 1(1), pp. 1-18, adapted as "Constitutional Political Economy" in C. K. Rowley and F. Schneider, ed., 2004, The Encyclopedia of Public Choice, v. 2, pp. 60-67.    • Kenneth J. Arrow, 1994. "Methodological Individualism and Social Knowledge", American Economic Review, 84(2), pp. 1-9.    • Richard H. Thaler and Cass R. Sunstein, 2008. Nudge: Improving Decisions about Health, Wealth, and Happiness. Yale. Description and preview.    • Shiozawa, Y. 2004 Evolutinary Economics in the 21st Century: A Manifest, Evolutionary and Institutional Economics Review, 1(1): 5-47.
  6. ↑ • Lawrence A. Boland, 2008. "assumptions controversy", The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 2nd Edition. Abstract.    • Milton Friedman, 1953. "The Methodology of Positive Economics" in Essays in Positive Economics.    • Paul A. Samuelson, 1963. "Problems of Methodology: Discussion", American Economic Review, 53(2) American Economic Review, pp. 231-236. Reprinted in J.C. Wood & R.N. Woods, ed., 1990, Milton Friedman: Critical Assessments, v. I, pp. 107-13. Preview. Routledge.    • Stanley Wong, 1973. "The 'F-Twist' and the Methodology of Paul Samuelson", American Economic Review, 63(3) p p. 312-325. Reprinted in J.C. Wood & R.N. Woods, ed., Milton Friedman: Critical Assessments, v. II, pp. 224-43.    • Shaun Hargreaves Heap, 2008. "economic man", The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 2nd Edition. Abstract.    • Kenneth J. Arrow, [1987] 1989. "Economic theory and the hypothesis of rationality", in The New Palgrave: Utility and Probability, pp. 25-39.    • Duncan K. Foley, 2004. "Rationality and Ideology in Economics", Social Research, pp. 329-342. Pre-publication version Archivado el 11 de agosto de 2003 en Wayback Machine..    • Thomas J. Sargent, 1994. Bounded Rationality in Macroeconomics, Oxford. Description and chapter-preview 1st-page links.    • Vernon L. Smith, 2008. Rationality in Economics: Constructivist and Ecological Forms, Cambridge. Description/contents links and preview.
  7. ↑ • David Colander (1992). "Retrospectives: The Lost Art of Economics", Journal of Economic Perspectives, 6(3), pp. 191-198.    • John Neville Keynes, 1891. The Scope and Method of Political Economy. ch. I-II. Annotated chapter links. 4th ed., 1917 [1999]. Full Contents.
  8. ↑ • Richard G. Lipsey, 2008. "positive economics." The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics. 2nd Edition. Abstract.    • Amartya Sen, 1980. "Description as Choice", Oxford Economic Papers, N.S., 32(3), pp. 353-369. Reprinted in Sen, 1982, Choice, Welfare and Measurement, Oxford, Basil Blackwell. Chapter-preview link, p. 432-449.    • John Neville Keynes, 1891. The Scope and Method of Political Economy. ch. I, III. Annotated chapter links. 4th ed., 1917 [1999]. Full Contents.    • Colin F. Camerer, 2003. Behavioral Game Theory: Experiments in Strategic Interaction, pp. 5-7 (scroll to at 1.1 What Is Game Theory Good For? Archivado el 14 de mayo de 2011 en Wayback Machine.).    • Kenneth E. Boulding, 1969. "Economics as a Moral Science", American Economic Review, 59(1), pp. 1–12.    • A. B. Atkinson, 2009. "Economics as a Moral Science", Economica, 76(1), pp. 791–804.    • "Economics as a Moral Science" session, 2011. American Economic Review, 101(3), article-abstract links.
  9. ↑ • Lionel Robbins, 1932. An Essay on the Nature and Significance of Economic Science.    • Richard G. Lipsey, 2009. "Some Legacies of Robbins’ An Essay on the Nature and Significance of Economic Science", Economica, 76(302), pp. 845-56 (press + button).    • Alexander Rosenberg (1983). "If Economics Isn't Science, What Is It?" Philosophical Forum, 14, pp. 296-314. Reprinted in M. Martin and L. C. McIntyre (1996), Readings in the Philosophy of Social Science, pp. 661-674.    • Douglas W. Hands, 1984. "What Economics Is Not: An Economist's Response to Rosenberg", Philosophy of Science, 51(3), p p. 495-503.    • Daniel M. Hausman, 1992. The Inexact and Separate Science of Economics. Description, to ch. 1 link, preview, and reviews, 1st pages: [1][2].
  10. ↑ • Edward P. Lazear, 2000. "Economic Imperialism", Quarterly Journal of Economics, 115(1), pp. 99-146. Archivado el 30 de julio de 2017 en Wayback Machine.    • George J. Stigler, 1984. "Economics—The Imperial Science?" Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 86(3), p p. 301-313.    • Ben Fine, 2000. " Economics Imperialism and Intellectual Progress: The Present as History of Economic Thought?" History of Economics Review, 32, pp. 10-36 Archivado el 26 de abril de 2012 en Wayback Machine..    • Jack Hirshleifer, 1985. "The Expanding Domain of Economics", American Economic Review, 75(6), pp. 53-68 (press +). Reprinted in Jack Hirshleifer, 2001, The Dark Side of the Force: Economic Foundations of Conflict Theory, ch.14, pp. 306- 42.    • Gary S. Becker, 1976. The Economic Approach to Human Behavior. Description and preview.    • _____, 1992. "The Economic Way of Looking at Life." Nobel Lecture link, also in 1993, Journal of Political Economy, 101(3), pp. 383-409.
  11. ↑ • Kevin D. Hoover, 2008. "causality in economics and econometrics", The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 2nd Edition. Abstract and galley proof.    • H. Wold 1954. "Causality and Econometrics", Econometrica, 22(2), p p. 162-177.    • C. W. J. Granger and P. Newbold, 1974. "Spurious Regressions in Econometrics", Journal of Econometrics, 2(2), pp. 111-120.    • David F. Hendry, 1980. "Econometrics — Alchemy or Science?" Economica, N.S., 47(188), pp. 387-406.    • _____ 2001a. "Achievements and Challenges in Econometric Methodology", Journal of Econometrics, 100(1), pp. 7-10. PDF, pp. 1-4 Archivado el 4 de marzo de 2016 en Wayback Machine..    • _____, 2001b. Econometrics: Alchemy or Science Essays in Econometric Methodology, 2nd Edition. Oxford. Description Archivado el 25 de abril de 2012 en Wayback Machine. and contents. Archivado el 18 de mayo de 2013 en Wayback Machine. Review in the Economic Journal.    • Edward E. Leamer, 1983. "Let's Take the Con Out of Econometrics", American Economic Review, 73(1), pp. 31-43.    • Christopher A. Sims, 1980. "Macroeconomics and Reality", Econometrica,48, No. 1, pp. 1-48 Archivado el 2 de abril de 2012 en Wayback Machine..    • Fischer Black, 1982. "The Trouble with Econometric Models", Financial Analysts Journal, 38(2), pp. 29-37. Reprinted in Black, 2009, Business Cycles and Equilibrium, Wiley. Updated version, pp. 135 - 150.    • From Truman F. Bewley, ed., 1987. Advances in Econometrics: Fifth World Congress, Cambridge v. 2:          Edward E. Leamer, "Econometric Metaphors", pp. 1- 28.          David F. Hendry. "Econometric Methodology: A Personal Perspective", pp. 29- 42.    • P.C.B. Phillips, 1988. "Reflections on Econometric Methodology", Economic Record, 64(4), pp. 344–359. Abstract.    • David F. Hendry, Edward E. Leamer, and Dale J. Poirier, 1990. "The ET Dialogue: A Conversation on Econometric Methodology", Econometric Theory, 6(2), pp. 171-261.    • Deirdre N. McCloskey and Stephen T. Ziliak, 1996. "The Standard Error of Regressions", Journal of Economic Literature, 34(1), pp. 97–114.    • Kevin D. Hoover and Mark V. Siegler, 2008. "Sound and Fury: McCloskey and Significance Testing in Economics", Journal of Economic Methodology, 15(1), pp. 1–37; McCloskey and Ziliak, "Signifying Nothing: Reply to ..." [preprint] and Hoover and Siegler, "... Rejoinder to ... (enlace roto disponible en Internet Archive; véase el historial, la primera versión y la última)., pp. 39–68;    • Edward J. Nell and Karim Errouaki, 2011. Rational Econometric Man,Part I and ch. 10. Edward Elgar.
  12. ↑ • Mark Blaug, 2007. "The Social Sciences: Economics", Postwar developments, Methodological considerations in contemporary economics, The New Encyclopædia Britannica, v. 27, pp. 346-47.    • Edward J. Nell (2004) "Critical Realism and Transformational Growth." In Transforming Economics. Edited by P. Lewis. London: Routledge.76-95.    • Frank H. Knight, 1924. "The Limitations of Scientific Method in Economics", in The Trend of Economics, R.G. Tugwell, ed., pp. 229-67. Reprinted in Frank H. Knight, 1935 [1997], The Ethics of Competition, pp. 97- 139.    •Daniel M. Hausman, 1983. "The Limits of Economic Science", in The Limits of Lawfulness: Studies on the Scope and Nature of Scientific Knowledge, N. Rescher, ed. Reprinted in D.M. Hausman, 1992, Essays on Philosophy and Economic Methodology, pp. 99-108.    • Ludwig von Mises, 1949. Human Action.    • Bruce Caldwell, [1987] 2008. "positivism", The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 2nd Edition. Abstract.
  13. ↑ • C.F. Bastable, [1925] 1987. "experimental methods in economics", i, The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics, v. 2, p. 241.    • Vernon L. Smith, [1987] 2008a. "experimental methods in economics", The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 2nd Edition. Abstract.    • _____, 2008b. "experimental economics", The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 2nd Edition, Abstract.    • Herman O. Wold (1969). "Econometrics as Pioneering in Nonexperimental Model Building", Econometrica, 37(3), p p. 369-381.
  14. ↑ • W. Stanley Jevons, 1879. The Theory of Political Economy, 2nd ed., ch. I, "Introduction", pp. 1-29.    • Paul A. Samuelson, 1952. "Economic Theory and Mathematics — An Appraisal", American Economic Review, 42(2), pp. 56-66.    • D.W. Bushaw and R.W. Clower, 1957. Introduction to Mathematical Economics, pp. vii-viii and ch. 1, pp. 3-8.    • Gérard Debreu, ([1987] 2008). "mathematical economics", The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 2nd Edition. Abstract. (First published with revisions from 1986, "Theoretic Models: Mathematical Form and Economic Content", Econometrica, 54(6), pp. 1259-1270.)    • _____ 1991. "The Mathematization of Economic Theory", American Economic Review, 81(1), pp. 1-7. Archivado el 31 de diciembre de 2008 en Wayback Machine.    • Robert W. Clower, 1994. "Economics as an Inductive Science", Southern Economic Journal, 60(4), pp. 805-814.    • _____, 1995. "Axiomatics in Economics", Southern Economic Journal, 62(2), pp. 307-319.    • Mark Blaug, 2003. "The Formalist Revolution of the 1950s", Journal of the History of Economic Thought, 25(2), pp. 145-156. Abstract. Reprinted in Warren J. Samuels, et al., ed., 2003, A Companion to the History of Economic Thought, Wiley, pp. 395- 409.    • _____, 1998. "Disturbing Currents in Modern Economics", Challenge, 41(3), pp. 11-34. Reprint.    • Paul Krugman, 1998, "Two Cheers for Formalism", Economic Journal, 108(451), pp. 1829-1836.    • Terence Hutchison, 2000. On the Methodology of Economics and the Formalist Revolution, Edward Elgar. Description and preview.    • E. Roy Weintraub, 2008. "mathematics and economics", The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 2nd Edition. Abstract.    • _____, 2002. How Economics Became a Mathematical Science, Duke University Press. Description Archivado el 29 de julio de 2010 en Wayback Machine., preview, and review Archivado el 28 de septiembre de 2011 en Wayback Machine. extract.    • Kenneth J. Arrow, 1951. Social Choice and Individual Values.    • Amartya K. Sen, 1970 [1984]. Collective Choice and Social Welfare ISBN 0-444-85127-5.    • _____, 2008. "social choice", The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 2nd Edition. Abstract.
  15. ↑ • William Thomson, 1999. "The Young Person's Guide to Writing Economic Theory," Journal of Economic Literature, 37(1), pp. 157-183. Archivado el 15 de junio de 2011 en Wayback Machine.    • _____, 2001. A Guide for the Young Economist: Writing and Speaking Effectively about Economics. Chapter-preview links.    • Eric Rasmusen, 2001. "Aphorisms on Writing, Speaking, and Listening", in E. Rasmusen, ed., Readings in Games and Information, pp. 389-420. PDF. Archivado el 9 de agosto de 2015 en Wayback Machine.    • Donald McCloskey, 1985. "Economical Writing", Economic Inquiry, 23(2), pp. 187-222. Archivado el 12 de mayo de 2011 en Wayback Machine.    • David N. Laband and Christopher N. Taylor, 1992. "The Impact of Bad Writing in Economics", Economic Inquiry, 30(4), pp. 673-688. [3] Archivado el 19 de mayo de 2016 en Wayback Machine.
  16. ↑ • D.N. McCloskey, 1983. "The Rhetoric of Economics", Journal of Economic Literature, 21(2), pp. 481-517.    • _____, [1985] 1998, 2nd ed. The Rhetoric of Economics. Chapter-preview links.    • Roger Backhouse, T. Dudley-Evans, and Willie Henderson, 1993. "Exploring the Language and Rhetoric of Economics", in Willie Henderson et al., Economics and Language, pp. 1-20 (preview)    • John Kenneth Galbraith, 1962. "The Language of Economics", Fortune, LXVI(6), Dec. pp. 12-30, 169, 31. Excerpt at [CNN] "FORTUNE: John Kenneth Galbraith, excerpts from his writing", May 17, 2006.
  17. ↑ • Wassily Leontief, 1971. "Theoretical Assumptions and Nonobserved Facts", American Economic Review, 61(1), pp. 1-7. Reprinted in W. Leontief, 1977, Essays in Economics, v. 1, ch. III, pp. 24-34.    • Mark Blaug, 1992. The Methodology of Economics: Or How Economists Explain, 2nd ed., Cambridge. Description and Preview.    • Roger Backhouse and Mark Blaug, 1994. New Directions in Economic Methodology, Routledge. Contents preview.    • P.A.G. van Bergeijk et al., 1997. Economic Science and Practice: The Roles of Academic Economists and Policy-Makers. Description Archivado el 16 de abril de 2014 en Wayback Machine. & preview links.    • D. Wade Hands, 2001. Without Rules: Economic Methodology and Contemporary Science Theory, Oxford. Description and contents preview.    • Christopher A. Sims, 1996. "Macroeconomics and Methodology", Journal of Economic Perspectives, 10(1), pp. 105-120. Archivado el 10 de mayo de 2011 en Wayback Machine.    • Kevin D. Hoover, 2001. The Methodology of Empirical Macroeconomics, Oxford. Description and preview.    • Bruno S. Frey, 2001. "Why Economists Disregard Economic Methodology, Journal of Economic Methodology, 8(1), pp. 41–47 Archivado el 5 de noviembre de 2010 en Wayback Machine..
  18. ↑ Lawrence A. Boland, 2006. "Seven Decades of Economic Methodology: A Popperian Perspective", in Karl Popper: A Centenary Assessment, v. 3, ed. Ian Charles Jarvie et al., pp. 219
  19. ↑ • _____, [1994] 2006, Economic Analysis and Moral Philosophy, 2nd ed. New York, Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521558506

Referencias

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