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[[Archivo:Greek Santur.jpg|miniaturadeimagen|Santur griego]] |
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{{about|the Musical instrument||Santur Corporation}} |
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[[Archivo:Woman playing a santur, Qajar Iran, artist named Ahmad.jpg|thumb]] |
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: ''See [[Santoor]] for the Indian variant of the instrument.'' |
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El '''santur''' es un [[Instrumentos de cuerda percutida|instrumento de cuerda percutida]]. El percutor puede ser una varilla que golpea una cuerda o más creando melodías (como en el caso de la [[cítara]], el [[qanun]] [[Pueblo árabe|árabe]], y el cimbalo o [[címbalo húngaro]]), o bien un grupo de cuerdas creando un acompañamiento rítmico. Dos de los más conocidos intérpretes de este instrumento son [[Faramarz Payvar]] (en [[Irán]]) y [[Shivkumar Sharma]] (en la [[India]]). |
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{{Infobox instrument |
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[[Archivo:Sadeghi-Dehlavi-Concertino for Santur Full.ogg|thumb|Concierto para santur y orchestra compuesto por [[Hossein Dehlavi]] y Manoochehr Sadeghi.]] |
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| image = Persian Classical Santur.jpg |
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| background = String |
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| classification = Struck |
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| related = [[Hammered Dulcimer]] |
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'''Origen:''' Santoor es un tipo de instrumento de cuerda de percusión con orígenes mesopotámicos o iraníes. |
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[[Archivo:Santur_Hand_Position.jpg|thumb|Santur Hand Position]] |
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[[Archivo:Santur Technique Video.theora.ogv|thumb|Santur Technique Video.theora]] |
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{{Listen|filename=Sadeghi-Dehlavi-Concertino for Santur Full.ogg|title|Sadeghi-Dehlavi-Concertino for Santur|description=|format=[[Ogg]]}} |
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[[Archivo:Hasht-Behesht Palace santur.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Woman playing the santur in a painting from the ''Hasht-Behesht Palace'' in [[Isfahan (city)|Isfahan]] Iran, 1669]] |
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https://www.ecured.cu/Santur_(Instrumento_Musical) |
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[[Archivo:Santur babylon2.jpg|thumb|Ancient Babylonian Santur Drawing of Relief]] |
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== Véase también == |
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The '''santur''' (also ''santūr'', ''santour'', ''santoor'' ) ({{lang-fa|'''سنتور'''}}) is a Persian<ref>{{cita web|título=Citation from Santoor|url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santoor|obra=Citation from Santoor}}</ref> [[hammered dulcimer]]<ref>{{cita web|título=Santur is a Persian hammered dulcimer|url=http://artmax.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=67&Itemid=119|obra=Art Max Academy}}</ref> |
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*[[Címbalo húngaro]] |
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It is a [[trapezoid]]-shaped box often made of [[walnut]] or different exotic woods. The Persian classical santur has 72 strings. The name santur was first referenced in ancient Persian poetry. To date there has never been verifiable evidence what this name actually means, it is just a name and the only meaning it has in the Persian language is this instrument. The oval-shaped Mezrabs (mallets) are feather-weight and are held between the thumb, index and middle fingers. A typical Persian santur has two sets of bridges, providing a range of approximately three [[octave]]s. The right-hand strings are made of brass or copper<ref>{{cita web|título=Bass strings made of Brass or Copper|url=http://artmax.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=67&Itemid=119|obra=Art Max Academy}}</ref>, while the left-hand strings are made of steel.<ref>{{cita web|título=Different kinds of Steel exist|url=http://artmax.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=67&Itemid=119|obra=Art Max Academy}}</ref> Two rows of 9 articles called "kharak" (total of 18 kharaks) divide the santur into three positions. Over each bridge crosses four strings spanning horizontally across the right and left side of the instrument. There are three sections of nine pitches: each for the bass, middle and higher octave called Poshte Kharak (behind the left bridges) comprising 27 notes all together. The top "F" note is repeated 2 times, creating a total of 25 separate tones in the Santur. The Persian santur is primarily tuned to a variety of different diatonic scales utilizing 1/4 tones (semi-tones) which are designated into 12 Dastgah's (modes) of Persian classical music. These 12 Dastgah's are the repertory of Persian classical music known as the Radif.<ref>{{cita web|título=...|url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manoochehr_Sadeghi|obra=50 years of Santur teaching & performing}}</ref> |
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*[[Dulcémele]] |
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[[Archivo:Persian santur.jpg|thumb|230px|right|A Turkish Santur with levers]] |
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*[[Dulcémele martillado]] |
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*[[Salterio (instrumento musical)|Salterio]] |
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== |
== Enlaces externos == |
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{{commonscat|Santur}} |
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Similar forms of the santur have been present in neighboring cultures like India, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Armenia, Turkey, Iraq and Greece. The Indian santoor is wider, more rectangular and has more strings. Its corresponding mallets are also held differently played with a different technique. The Chinese yangqin and the Greek santouri also derived from the santur. The eastern Europe version of the santur called the cimballum which is much larger and chromatic is used as an accompanying instrument in gypsy music.<ref>{{cita web|título=...|url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manoochehr_Sadeghi|obra=Professor at UCLA for 20 years}}</ref> |
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== Notable Persian santur players == |
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Iran |
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* [[Abol Hassan Saba]] |
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* [[Manoochehr Sadeghi]] |
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* [[Faramarz Payvar]] |
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* [[Parviz Meshkatian]] |
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* [[Majid Kiani]]<ref>{{cita web|apellido=Kiani|nombre=Majid|título=Master of the Santur|url=http://www.farabisoft.com/Pages/FarabiSchool/InstrumentsDetails.aspx?lang=en&PID=4&SID=30|obra=Santur Master, Teacher & Performer}}</ref> |
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* [[Mohammad Sadeq Khan]]<ref>{{cita web|apellido=Khan|nombre=Mohammad Sadeq|título=One of the oldest Santur Masters|url=http://www.farabisoft.com/Pages/FarabiSchool/InstrumentsDetails.aspx?lang=en&PID=4&SID=30|obra=Master of the Santur}}</ref> |
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* [[Ali Akbar Shahi]]<ref>{{cita web|apellido=Shahi|nombre=Ali Akbar|título=Santur master|url=http://www.farabisoft.com/Pages/FarabiSchool/InstrumentsDetails.aspx?lang=en&PID=4&SID=30|obra=Old school santur player}}</ref> |
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* [[Hassan Khan]]<ref>{{cita web|apellido=Khan|nombre=Hassan|título=Santur Master|url=http://www.farabisoft.com/Pages/FarabiSchool/InstrumentsDetails.aspx?lang=en&PID=4&SID=30|obra=Old school Santur Master}}</ref> |
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* [[Hussein Malek]]<ref>{{cita web|apellido=Malek|nombre=Hussein|título=Santur master|url=http://www.farabisoft.com/Pages/FarabiSchool/InstrumentsDetails.aspx?lang=en&PID=4&SID=30|obra=Old School Santur Master}}</ref> |
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* [[Habib Soma’i]]<ref>{{cita web|apellido=Somai|nombre=Habib|título=santur master|url=http://www.farabisoft.com/Pages/FarabiSchool/InstrumentsDetails.aspx?lang=en&PID=4&SID=30|obra=Old school Santur master}}</ref> |
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* [[Reza Varzandeh]]<ref>{{cita web|apellido=Varzandeh|nombre=Reza|título=Santur Master|url=http://www.farabisoft.com/Pages/FarabiSchool/InstrumentsDetails.aspx?lang=en&PID=4&SID=30|obra=Very Unique Style of Playing}}</ref> |
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* [[Reza Shafieian]]<ref>{{cita web|apellido=Shafieian|nombre=Reza|título=Saba's Student|url=http://www.farabisoft.com/Pages/FarabiSchool/InstrumentsDetails.aspx?lang=en&PID=4&SID=30|obra=Santur Master}}</ref> |
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* [[Mansur Sarami]]<ref>{{cita web|apellido=Sarami|nombre=Mansur|título=Santur Master|url=http://www.persianartmusic.com/English/biography_s.html|obra=Old School Santur player}}</ref> |
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* [[Masoud Shaari]]<ref>{{cita web|apellido=Shaari|nombre=Masoud|título=Santur Master|url=http://www.persianartmusic.com/English/biography_s.html|obra=Old School Santur Master}}</ref> |
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* [[Mohammad Santour Khan]]<ref>{{cita web|apellido=Khan|nombre=Mohammad Santour|título=Oldest Santur Master that we have proof of|obra=Master of the Santur}}</ref> |
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* [[Daryoush Safvat]]<ref>{{cita web|apellido=Safvat|nombre=Daryoush|título=Santur Master|url=http://www.persianartmusic.com/English/biography_s.html|obra=Old school Santur master}}</ref> |
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* [[Jalal Akhbari]]<ref>{{cita web|apellido=Akhbari|nombre=Jalal|título=Old School Santur Master|url=http://www.persianartmusic.com/English/biography_s.html|obra=Master of the Santur}}</ref> |
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* [[Ardavan Kamkar]] |
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* [[Pashang Kamkar]] |
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* [[Kourosh Zolani]] |
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* [[Arfa Atrai]]<ref>{{cita web|apellido=Arfa|nombre=Atrai|título=Santur Player|url=http://www.farabisoft.com/Pages/FarabiSchool/InstrumentsDetails.aspx?lang=en&PID=4&SID=30|obra=Santur Soloist}}</ref> |
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* [[Azar Hashemi]]<ref>{{cita web|apellido=Hashemi|nombre=Azar|título=Female Santur Player|url=http://www.persianartmusic.com/English/biography_s.html|obra=Santur Soloist}}</ref> |
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* [[Susan Aslani]]<ref>{{cita web|apellido=Aslani|nombre=Susan|título=Female Santur Player|url=http://www.persianartmusic.com/English/biography_s.html|obra=Santur Soloist}}</ref> |
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* [[Manijeh Ali Pour]]<ref>{{cita web|apellido=Ali Pour|nombre=Manijeh|título=Female Santur Player|url=http://www.persianartmusic.com/English/biography_s.html|obra=Old School Santur Player}}</ref> |
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* [[Syroos Saghari]]{{cn|date=October 2011}} |
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{{Control de autoridades}} |
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== Santur players from other cultures == |
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[[Categoría:Instrumentos de cuerda percutida]] |
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[[Categoría:Instrumentos musicales de Irán]] |
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Greece<br /> (Greek Santoori) |
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[[Categoría:Instrumentos musicales de India]] |
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* [[Aristidis Moschos]] |
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* [[Areti Ketime]] |
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India (see Indian [[santoor]]) |
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* [[Rahul Sharma]] |
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* [[Shivkumar Sharma]] |
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Iraq<br /> |
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* [[Amir ElSaffar]] |
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Japan |
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* [[Dr. Masato Tani]]<ref>{{cita web|apellido=Tani|nombre=Dr. Masato|título=Japanese Santur Player|url=http://www.iranican.com/blog/meet-dr-masato-tani-persian-speaking-japanese-santur-player/|obra=Ethnomusicology}}</ref> |
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== Santurs from around the world == |
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Versions of the santur or hammered dulcimer are used throughout the world. In Eastern Europe, a larger descendant of the hammered dulcimer called the [[cimbalom]] is played and has been used by a number of [[Classical music|classical]] [[composer]]s, including [[Zoltán Kodály]], [[Igor Stravinsky]] and [[Pierre Boulez]], and more recently, in a different musical context, by [[Blue Man Group]]. The [[khim]] is the name of both the [[Thailand|Thai]] and the [[Khmer people|Khmer]] hammered dulcimer. The Chinese [[yangqin]] is a type of hammered dulcimer that originated in [[Iran|Persia]]. The [[santur]] and [[santoor]] are found in the [[Middle East]] and [[India]], respectively. |
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{{col-start}} |
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{{col-3}} |
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* Austria – Hackbrett |
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* Belarus – Цымбалы ([[tsymbaly]]) |
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* Belgium – Hakkebord |
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* Brazil – [[saltério]] |
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* Cambodia – [[khim]] |
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* China – 扬琴 ([[yangqin]]) |
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* Croatian – cimbal, cimbale |
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* Czech Republic – [[cimbál]] |
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* Denmark – [[hakkebræt]] |
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* France – tympanon |
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* Germany – Hackbrett |
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* Greece – [[santouri]] |
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* Hungary – [[cimbalom]] |
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* India – [[santoor]] |
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{{col-3}} |
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* Iran – [[santur]] |
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* Iraq – [[santur]] |
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* Ireland – [[tiompan]] |
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* Italy – [[salterio]] |
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* Korea – [[yanggeum]] 양금 |
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* Laos – [[khim]] |
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* Latgalia (Latvia) – cymbala |
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* Latvia – cimbole |
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* Lithuania – [[cimbalai]], [[cimbolai]] |
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* Mongolia [[joochin]] |
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* Netherlands – [[hakkebord]] |
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* Norway - [[hakkebrett]] |
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* Poland – cymbały |
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* Portugal – [[saltério]] |
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* Romania – [[cymbalum|ţambal]] |
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{{col-3}} |
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* Russia – цимбалы [[tsymbaly|tsimbaly]], Дульцимер (dultsimer) |
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* Serbia – цимбал (tsimbal) |
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* Slovakia – [[cimbal]] |
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* Slovenia – cimbale, oprekelj |
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* Spain (and Spanish-speaking countries) – [[salterio]], dulcémele |
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* Sweden – [[hackbräde]], [[hammarharpa]] |
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* Switzerland – Hackbrett |
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* Thailand – [[khim]] |
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* Turkey – [[santur]] |
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* Ukraine – Цимбали [[tsymbaly]] |
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* United Kingdom – hammered dulcimer |
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* United States – hammered dulcimer |
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* Uzbekistan – chang |
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* Vietnam – [[đàn tam thập lục]] (lit. "36 strings") |
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* Yiddish – [[tsimbl]] |
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{{col-end}} |
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<ref>{{cita web|title=Santurs from different cultures|url=http://en.wikipedia.org/eswiki/w/index.php?título=Hammered_dulcimer&action=edit§ion=5|obra=Wikipedia}}</ref> |
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== See also == |
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* [[Persian traditional music]] |
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* [[Maqam al-iraqi]] |
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== References == |
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<references /> |
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== External links == |
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* [http://www.santur.com Santur - The Art of Persian Music] |
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* [http://www.luth.org/downloads/AL92/naini.htm Santur introduction in American Lutherie magazine] |
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* [http://nay-nava.blogfa.com/post-2.aspx Nay-Nava Encyclopedia entry on the santur] |
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* [http://www.turkmusikisi.com/calgilar/santur Dr. Ümit Mutlu's information on the santur (in Turkish)] |
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* [http://turksanturu.com/tarihce.htm Santur history (in Turkish)] |
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* [http://www.taqasim.net/en/a/16.html The Iraqi Santur] |
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{{Iranian musical instruments}} |
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{{Turkish musical instruments}} |
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{{Zithers}} |
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[[Santur]] |
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[[Categoría:Hammered box zithers]] |
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[[Categoría:Instrumentos musicales armenios]] |
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[[Categoría:Iranian musical instruments]] |
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[[Categoría:Turkish musical instruments]] |
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{{Link GA|fr}} |
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[[ar:سنطور]] |
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[[az:Səntur]] |
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[[bg:Сантур]] |
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[[ckb:سەنتوور]] |
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[[crh:Santır]] |
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[[cs:Santuri]] |
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[[de:Santur]] |
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[[el:Σαντούρι]] |
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[[fa:سنتور]] |
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[[fr:Santour]] |
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[[hi:संतूर]] |
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[[ja:サントゥール]] |
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[[kn:ಸಂತೂರ್]] |
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[[ko:산투르]] |
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[[ksh:Santur]] |
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[[lt:Santūras]] |
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[[mr:संतूर]] |
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[[nl:Santoor]] |
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[[pl:Santur]] |
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[[pt:Santur]] |
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[[ru:Сантур]] |
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Revisión actual - 00:01 30 oct 2024
El santur es un instrumento de cuerda percutida. El percutor puede ser una varilla que golpea una cuerda o más creando melodías (como en el caso de la cítara, el qanun árabe, y el cimbalo o címbalo húngaro), o bien un grupo de cuerdas creando un acompañamiento rítmico. Dos de los más conocidos intérpretes de este instrumento son Faramarz Payvar (en Irán) y Shivkumar Sharma (en la India).
Origen: Santoor es un tipo de instrumento de cuerda de percusión con orígenes mesopotámicos o iraníes.
https://www.ecured.cu/Santur_(Instrumento_Musical)
Véase también
[editar]Enlaces externos
[editar]
Wikimedia Commons alberga una categoría multimedia sobre Santur.
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