Leonard Bloomfield

Leonard Bloomfield (Chicago 1 de abril de 1887 - New Haven 18 de abril de 1949) fue un filólogo y lingüista estadounidense, uno de los representantes más importantes del estructuralismo estadounidense. Es abuelo de Lucas Harcha Bloomfield.

Carrera

Desarrolló trabajos en morfología y sintaxis. Fue el principal fundador de la Sociedad Lingüística de Estados Unidos.

Se especializó en las corrientes lingüísticas europeas, especialmente en el método comparativo que aplicó en las lenguas amerindias. Fue profesor, entre otras universidades estadounidenses, en las de Chicago y Yale.

En su famosa obra El Lenguaje (Language), publicada en 1933 como revisión de su Introducción al estudio del lenguaje (1914), describe el estado de la Lingüística de vanguardia en esa época. El libro adopta el marco psicológico de la escuela conductista de Watson y rechaza la postulación de todo lo que no era "directamente observable" para el análisis lingüístico. En el estudio del lenguaje se margina el aspecto semántico.

Bloomfield pone de relieve los métodos de análisis distribucionales que, posteriormente, desarrollará Zellig Harris en su obra Métodos de lingüística estructural. La influencia de Bloomfield en las escuelas estructuralistas estadounidense y europea ha sido considerable.

Los profesores de Lingüística de Noam Chomsky siguieron la escuela «post-bloomfieldiana», aunque Chomsky no seguiría a sus profesores.

Selección de publicaciones

• Bloomfield, Leonard. 1909/1910. "A semasiological differentiation in Germanic secondary ablaut." Modern Philology 7:245-288; 345-382.
• Bloomfield, Leonard (1911). «The Indo-European Palatals in Sanskrit». The American Journal of Philology 32 (1): 36-57. JSTOR 288802. doi:10.2307/288802. 
• Bloomfield, Leonard. 1914. Introduction to the Study of Language. New York: Henry Holt. Reprinted 1983, John Benjamins. Retrieved April 19, 2009. ISBN 90-272-1892-7.
• Bloomfield, Leonard (1914a). «Sentence and Word». Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association 45: 65-75. JSTOR 282688. doi:10.2307/282688. 
• Bloomfield, Leonard (1916). «Subject and Predicate». Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association 47: 13-22. JSTOR 282823. doi:10.2307/282823. 
• Bloomfield, Leonard. 1917. Tagalog texts with grammatical analysis. University of Illinois studies in language and literature, 3.2-4. Urbana, Illinois.
• Bloomfield, Leonard (1925). «Why a linguistic society?». Language 1: 1-5. 
• Bloomfield, Leonard (1925a). «On the sound-system of Central Algonquian». Language 1 (4): 130-156. JSTOR 409540. doi:10.2307/409540. 
• Bloomfield, Leonard. 1925-1927. "Notes on the Fox language." International Journal of American Linguistics 3:219-232; 4: 181-219
• Bloomfield, Leonard (1926). «A set of postulates for the science of language». Language 2 (3): 153-164. JSTOR 408741. doi:10.2307/408741.  (reprinted in: Martin Joos, ed., Readings in Linguistics I, Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press 1957, 26-31).
• Bloomfield, Leonard (1927). «On Some Rules of Pāṇini». Journal of the American Oriental Society 47: 61-70. JSTOR 593241. doi:10.2307/593241. 
• Bloomfield, Leonard (1927a). «Literate and illiterate speech». American Speech 2 (10): 432-441. JSTOR 451863. doi:10.2307/451863. 
• Bloomfield, Leonard. 1928. Menomini texts. Publications of the American Ethnological Society 12. New York: G.E. Stechert, Agents. [reprinted 1974. New York: AMS Press] ISBN 0-404-58162-5
• Bloomfield, Leonard (1928a). «A note on sound change». Language 4 (2): 99-100. JSTOR 408791. doi:10.2307/408791. 
• Bloomfield, Leondard. 1929. Review of Bruno Liebich, 1928, Konkordanz Pāṇini-Candra, Breslau: M. & H. Marcus. Language 5:267-76. Reprinted in Hockett, Charles. 1970, 219-226.
• Bloomfield, Leonard. 1930. Sacred stories of the Sweet Grass Cree. National Museum of Canada Bulletin, 60 (Anthropological Series 11). Ottawa. [reprinted 1993, Saskatoon, SK: Fifth House]. ISBN 1-895618-27-4
• Bloomfield, Leonard. 1933. Language. New York: Henry Holt. ISBN 0-226-06067-5, ISBN 90-272-1892-7
• Bloomfield, Leonard. 1934. Plains Cree texts. American Ethnological Society Publications 16. New York. [reprinted 1974, New York: AMS Press]
• Bloomfield, Leonard. 1935. "Linguistic aspects of science." Philosophy of Science 2/4:499-517.
• Bloomfield, Leonard. 1939. "Menomini morphophonemics." Etudes phonologiques dédiées à la mémoire de M. le prince N.S. Trubetzkoy, 105-115. Travaux du Cercle Linguistique de Prague 8. Prague.
• Bloomfield, Leonard. 1939a. Linguistic aspects of science. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-57579-9
• Bloomfield, Leonard (1942). «Outline of Ilocano syntax». Language 18 (3): 193-200. JSTOR 409552. doi:10.2307/409552. 
• Bloomfield, Leonard. 1942a. Outline guide for the practical study of foreign languages. Baltimore: Linguistic Society of America.
• Bloomfield, Leonard. 1946. "Algonquian." Harry Hoijer et al., eds., Linguistic structures of native America, 85-129. Viking Fund Publications in Anthropology 6. New York: Wenner-Gren Foundation.
• Bloomfield, Leonard. 1958. Eastern Ojibwa. Ed. Charles F. Hockett. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
• Bloomfield, Leonard. 1962. The Menomini language. Ed. Charles F. Hockett. New Haven: Yale University Press.
• Bloomfield, Leonard. 1975. Menomini lexicon. Ed. Charles F. Hockett. Milwaukee Public Museum Publications in Anthropology and History. Milwaukee: Milwaukee Public Museum.
• Bloomfield, Leonard. 1984. Cree-English lexicon. Ed. Charles F. Hockett. New Haven: Human Relations Area Files. ISBN 99954-923-9-3
• Bloomfield, Leonard. 1984b. Fox-English lexicon. Ed. Charles F. Hockett. New Haven: Human Relations Area Files. ISBN 99954-923-7-7

Fuentes

• Nueva Enciclopedia del Mundo. Instituto Lexicográfico Durvan, Bilbao, 1984. ISBN 84-7677-135-5
• Anonymous (1925). «The call for the organization meeting». Language 1: 6-7. 
• Bloch, Bernard (1949). «Leonard Bloomfield». Language 25: 87-89. 
• Despres, Leon M. 1987. “My recollections of Leonard Bloomfield.” Robert A. Hall, Jr., ed., Leonard Bloomfield: Essays on his life and work, 3-14. Philadelphia: John Benjamins. ISBN 90-272-4530-4
• Fought, John G. 1999 "Leonard Bloomfield’s linguistic legacy: Later uses of some technical features." Historiographica linguistica 26/3: 313-332. [1]
• Goddard, Ives. 1987. “Leonard Bloomfield's descriptive and comparative studies of Algonquian.” Robert A. Hall, Jr., ed., Leonard Bloomfield: Essays on his life and work, 179-217. Philadelphia: John Benjamins. ISBN 90-272-4530-4
• Hall, Robert A. Jr. 1987. Leonard Bloomfield: Essays on his life and work. Amsterdam: Benjamins. ISBN 90-272-4530-4
• Hall, Robert A. 1987. “Bloomfield and semantics.” Robert A. Hall, Jr., ed., Leonard Bloomfield: Essays on his life and work, 155-160. Philadelphia: John Benjamins. ISBN 90-272-4530-4
• Hall, Robert A. Jr. 1990. A life for language: A biographical memoir of Leonard Bloomfield. Philadelphia: John Benjamins. ISBN 1-55619-350-5
• Hockett, Charles F., ed., 1970. A Leonard Bloomfield Anthology. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-226-06071-3
• Hockett, Charles F. 1987. “Letters from Bloomfield to Michelson and Sapir.” Robert A. Hall, Jr., ed., Leonard Bloomfield: Essays on his life and work, 39-60. Philadelphia: John Benjamins. ISBN 90-272-4530-4
• Hockett, Charles F. 1999. "Leonard Bloomfield: After fifty years." Historiographica linguistica 26/3: 295-311. [2]
• Hoenigswald, Henry M. 1987. “Bloomfield and historical linguistics.” Robert A. Hall, Jr., ed., Leonard Bloomfield: Essays on his life and work, 73-88. Philadelphia: John Benjamins. ISBN 90-272-4530-4
• Jones, William. 1907. "Fox texts." American Ethnological Society Publications 1. Leiden. [reprinted 1974, New York: AMS Press]
• Jones, William. 1911. "Algonquian (Fox)." [edited posthumously by Truman Michelson] Franz Boas, ed., Handbook of American Indian languages, Part I, 735-873. Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 40. Washington: Smithsonian Institution.
• Jones, William. 1917. Ojibwa texts. Volume 1. Ed. Truman Michelson. Leiden: American Ethnological Society Publications 7.1 (Vol. 1
• Jones, William. 1919. Ojibwa texts. Volume 2. Ed. Truman Michelson. New York: G. Stechert.
• Lehmann, Winfred P. 1987. “Bloomfield as an Indo-Europeanists.” Robert A. Hall, Jr., ed., Leonard Bloomfield: Essays on his life and work, 163-172. Philadelphia: John Benjamins. ISBN 90-272-4530-4
• Manaster Ramer, Alexis. 1992-1993. "Ever since Bloomfield." in: Proceedings of the international congress of linguists 15/1: 308-310. [3]
• Michelson, Truman. 1921. "The Owl sacred pack of the Fox Indians." Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 72. Washington: Smithsonian Institution.
• Michelson, Truman. 1925. "Accompanying papers." Bureau of American Ethnology Annual Report 40: 21-658. Washington: Smithsonian Institution.
• Nichols, John D. and Leonard Bloomfield, eds. 1991. The dog’s children. Anishinaabe texts told by Angeline Williams. Winnipeg: Publications of the Algonquian Text Society, University of Manitoba. ISBN 0-88755-148-3
• Robins, R.H. “Leonard Bloomfield: The man and the man of science.” Transactions of the Philological Society 86: 63-87.
• Rogers, David E. 1987. “The influence of Pāṇini on Leonard Bloomfield.” Robert A. Hall, Jr., ed., Leonard Bloomfield: Essays on his life and work, 89-138. Philadelphia: John Benjamins. ISBN 90-272-4530-4
• Sayers, Frances Clarke. 1987. “The small mythologies of Leonard Bloomfield.” Robert A. Hall, Jr., ed., Leonard Bloomfield: Essays on his life and work, 16-21. Philadelphia: John Benjamins. ISBN 90-272-4530-4
• Wolff, John U. 1987. “Bloomfield as an Austronesianist.” Robert A. Hall, Jr., ed., Leonard Bloomfield: Essays on his life and work, pp. 173-178. Philadelphia: John Benjamins. ISBN 90-272-4530-4

Referencias

• Datos: Q215957