Usuario:Gizmo II/Sotano
Ash es la letra "Æ", "æ", del Alfabeto latino. Es formado como la ligadura de las letras a y e. En [[Idioma español|español moderno, ambas letras no se utilizan, pero en inglés moderno, el uso varía en diferentes lugares. Es usado principalmente en palabras derivadas del latín o el griego, tales como encyclopædia, nebulæ y athenæum. In some places such as the United States, such spellings may be considered archaic and replaced with encyclopedia, nebulae, and atheneum, respectively. In the United Kingdom, such spellings are more common, leading the Oxford English Dictionary to use the ligature in the main entries, with other spellings listed only as alternatives. In the UK, ae is used in place of æ, so encyclopaedia is correct in the UK. Given the long history of such spellings, they are sometimes used to invoke archaism or in literal quotations of historic sources, for words such as encyclopædia or dæmon. It also belongs to several other modern alphabets. It is common to see it rendered, albeit incorrectly, as "ae", most often by computer users and typewriter users who are unable to render the letter properly due to technological limitations or being unaware of how to do it; a recent example of this is the rendering of the television series/movie title Æon Flux, which often appeared in the media and elsewhere as "Aeon Flux".
In Old English, the a–e ligature was used to denote a sound intermediate between those of a and e (IPA [æ]), very much like the short a of cat in many dialects of modern English. The letter was inherited from Latin, but its name ash (in Old English æsc, meaning "ash tree") comes from the corresponding Anglo-Saxon Futhorc rune ᚫ, related to the Elder Futhark rune áss.
In Classical Latin, the combination AE denotes a diphthong (IPA [ae̯]) that had a value similar to the long i in most dialects of modern English. It was used both in native words (spelled with ai before the 2nd century BC) and in borrowings from Greek words having the diphthong αι (alpha iota). Both classical and present practice is to write the letters separately, but the ligature was used in medieval and early modern writings, in part because æ was reduced to a simple long vowel (IPA [eː]) in late Latin. In some medieval scripts, the ligature was simplified to ȩ, the letter e with a tail hanging to the left, e-caudata. This form further simplified into a plain e, which may have influenced or been influenced by the pronunciation change.
In the modern French alphabet, it is used to spell Latin borrowings like et cætera, tænia, ex æquo.
In Icelandic, the aesc signifies a diphthong (IPA [ai]). In Faroese it represents the ligature of the so-called long æ (IPA [ɛa]), whereas the short æ is a simple [a]. In Danish and Norwegian, æ represents a simple vowel, namely IPA [ɛ] and [æ], respectively. In the southdanish dialect, as well as in several Norwegian dialects, the phoneme Æ has a significant meaning, "I", and is thus a normal spoken word. In some Southern-Jutish dialects Æ is also the definite article: 'Æ hus' (The house). These dialects are rarely committed to writing. The same phoneme is represented in Finnish and Swedish by the letter ä, and in German by a-umlaut (ä).
The Ossetian language included the letter æ when it was written using the Latin script (1923–38). Since then, Ossetian has used a Cyrillic alphabet with an identical-looking letter (Ӕ and ӕ).
International Phonetic Alphabet
The symbol [æ] is also used in the International Phonetic Alphabet to denote the sound of the Old English letter, a near-open front unrounded vowel, as in word cat in many dialects of modern English. In this context, it is always in lowercase.
Computer use
For computers, when using the Latin-1 or Unicode sets, the codes for 'Æ' and 'æ' are respectively 0198 and 0230, as well as 146 and 145, respectively (holding down the ALT key whilst typing in 0198 or 146 on the number pad will produce the character on Windows systems and holding down the option or alt key whilst typing an apostrophe (') on a United States Macintosh keyboard), or C6 and E6 in hexadecimal.
There is also Cyrillic Ӕ ӕ in Unicode (U+04D4, U+04D5), though in practice the Latin letters Æ and æ (U+00C6, U+00E6) are used in Cyrillic texts (such as on Ossetian sites in the Internet).
In HTML, the HTML character entity references Æ and æ have been assigned to Æ and æ, respectively.
Æ en el arta
George William Russell, the fin-de-siècle Irish poet, signed himself Æ, for Æon.
The progressive metal band Tool used an Æ for the title of their third album, Ænima, and the song Ænema from that album. This is similar to the usage of the heavy metal umlaut, but is meant as a combination of anima and enema.
Æ as abbreviation
Æ and æ were quite commonly used as abbreviations for Latin aetate or aetate sua meaning, roughly, "at the age of" N years (the implied contruction being an ablative absolute); also the genitive aetatis suae, Nth year "of his/her age". In inscriptions and records, the most common use is for the age at death.
Ver también
Referencias
- Robert Bringhurst (2002). The Elements of Typographic Style, page 271. Vancouver, Hartley & Marks. ISBN 0-88179-205-5