Usuario:Saintbalrog/Pruebas

Agrón de Iliria

Agrón
Rey de Iliria
Reinado
250 a. C. - 230 a. C.
Predecesor	Pleuratos
Sucesor	Teuta
Información personal
Nombre completo	Agrón de Iliria
Fallecimiento	230 a. C. Iliria
Familia
Padre	Pleuratos
Consorte	Teuta, Triteuta

Agrón (en griego: Ἄγρων; gobernó hacia el 250 - 230 a. C.​) fue el mejor rey del Reino Ardiaei. El hijo de Pleuratos Agrón, causó un gran resurgimiento entre los ilirios; durante su reinado, el estado Ardiaei no sólo era el estado ilirio más poderoso del momento, sino que también uno de los más grandes de los Balcanes. Tuvo éxito al extender el reino ilirio sobre muchas personas y ciudades en las regiones Adriática y Jónica. Es más famoso por su decisiva victoria sobre los etolios, quienes en ese momento eran considerados la mayor potencia de Grecia. Agrón fue mencionado por dos historiadores griegos, Apiano (95-165 a. C.) en sus Guerras extranjeras y Polibio (203–120 a. C.) en sus Historias.

Sobre el 231 a. C., Agrón murió repentinamente después de su triunfo sobre los etolios. Pinnes, el hijo con su primera mujer Triteuta, sucedió oficialmente a su padre como rey en el 230 a. C., pero el reino fue gobernado por la segunda esposa de Agrón, la Reina Teuta.

Una nueva potencia en el Adriático

Reino Ardiaei durante el rey Agrón

Agron came to power as king and commander-in-chief when Ardia was declining and lacking a strong leader. After the decline of Epiro following the death of Pirro, Agron took great strides in improving the lot of his subjects. Cities quickly flourished because he reduced the local autonomy of different tribes.

Agron extended his rule over other neighboring tribes as well.​ He annexed part of Epirus, Epidamnus, and the islands of Corcyra and Pharos, and garrisoned in them. his state stretched from Narona in Dalmatia south to the river Aoos and Corcyra. During his reign, the Ardiaean Kingdom reached the height of its power. The Ardiaean army and fleet made it a major regional power in the Balkans and the southern Adriatic. The king regained control of the Adriatic with his warships (lembi), a domination once enjoyed by the Liburnios. None of his neighbors were nearly as powerful. Agron gave the city of Pharos to Demetrio de Pharos to rule as its governor.

The Greek cities (polis) on the coast of Illyria were systematically attacked and perhaps already conquered^{[cita requerida]} by Agron's forces.​ Rome answered an appeal from the island of Issa, threatened by Agron, by sending envoys. They never got there. They were attacked en route by Illyrian vessels, and one of them was killed, together with an Issaean ambassador. Rome thereupon undertook military action against Agron's wife, Teuta, Agron having died in the interim.​ Polybius wrote of Agron:

"Agron, king of the Illyrians, was the son of Pleuratus, and possessed the most powerful force, both by land and sea, of any of the kings who had reigned in Illyria before him."

Victoria famosa

In 234 a. C., the royal succession in Epirus came to an end, and a federal republic was instituted. In the south, the western part of Acarnania seceded from this arrangement. Their^{[cita requerida]} independence was soon threatened by the Aetolians, who began to occupy territory around the Golfo de Ambracia, including Pyrrhus' old capital, Ambracia, which forced the Epirotes to establish a new center at Pheonice. Besieged at Medion, the Acarnanians sought assistance from Demetrio II de Macedonia, who for the most of his reign had been at war with the etolios and aqueos Leagues. In response, the king brought Agron into the conflict. The Illyrian attack under Agron, mounted in either 232 or 231 a. C., is described by Polybius.

^{[cita requerida]} One hundred lembi with 500 men on board sailed up to land at Medion. Dropping anchor at daybreak, they disembarked speedily and in secret. They then formed up in the order that was usual in their own country, and advanced in their several companies against the etolios lines. The latter were overwhelmed with astonishment at the unexpected nature and boldness of the move; but they had long been inspired with overweening self-confidence, and having full reliance on their own forces were far from being dismayed. They drew up the greater part of their hoplitas and cavalry in front of their own lines on the level ground, and with a portion of their cavalry and their light infantería they hastened to occupy some rising ground in front of their camp, which nature had made easily defensible.

A single charge, however, of the Illyrians, whose numbers and close order gave them irresistible weight, served to dislodge the light-armed troops, and forced the cavalry who were on the ground with them to retire to the hoplites. But the Illyrians, being on higher ground, and charging down on from it upon the Aetolian trrops formed up on the plain, routed them without difficulty. The Medionians joined the action by sallying out of the town and charging the Aetolians, thus, after killing a great number, and taking a still greater number prisoners, and becoming masters also of their arms and baggage, the Illyrians, having carried out the orders of Agron, conveyed their baggage and the rest of their booty to their boats and immediately set sail for their own country.​

Muerte repentina

The defeat of the Aetolians, famed for their victory over the invading galos a generation before, caused a sensation in Grecia. Agron was beside himself with delight when his ships returned and he learned of the victory from his commanders. Agron then drank so much by way of celebration, it was reported, that this and other similar indulgences, brought on an attack of pleuritis which killed him within a few days.​ Agron died in the winter of 230 a. C..

His son, Pinnes, succeeded him and ruled de jure (though never de facto) for thirteen years. Tritueta was Agron's first wife and the mother of Pinnes. Agron divorced her. Agron's second wife was Queen Teuta, who acted as regente after Agron's death.

Ver también

• Ejército ilirio
• Lista de gobernantes de Iliria

Sources

• Astin, A. E. (1998). The Cambridge Ancient History: Rome and the Mediterranean to 133 B.C., Volume 8. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-23448-4. 
• Berranger, Danièle; Cabanes, Pierre; Berranger-Auserve, Danièle (2007). Épire, Illyrie, Macédoine: Mélanges offerts au Professeur Pierre Cabanes. Presses Universitaire Blaise Pascal. ISBN 2-84516-351-7. 
• Edwards, Iorwerth Eiddon Stephen; Gadd, C. J.; Hammond, Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière; Seltman, Charles Theodore; Boardman, John; Bury, John Bagnell; Cook, Stanley Arthur; Adcock, Frank Ezra; Charlesworth, M. P.; Walbank, F. W.; Ling, Roger; Astin, A. E. (1977). The Cambridge Ancient History, Volume 7, Issue 1. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-23445-X. 
• Hammond, Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière; Walbank, F. W. (1988). A History of Macedonia: Volume III: 336-167 B.C. Oxford University Press, USA. ISBN 0-19-814815-1. 
• Hammond, Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière (1967). Epirus: The Geography, the Ancient Remains, the History and Topography of Epirus and Adjacent Areas. Clarendon Press. 
• Hammond, Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière (1993). Studies concerning Epirus and Macedonia before Alexander. Hakkert. 
• Wilkes, John (1969). Dalmatia. Routledge & K. Paul. 
• Wilkes, John (1995). The Illyrians. Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 0-631-19807-5. 

Lecturas adicionales

• Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, ed. by William Smith (1870), pp. 82-83.

Enlaces externos

• Wikimedia Commons alberga una galería multimedia sobre Saintbalrog/Pruebas.

Predecesor: Pleuratos

Rey de los Ardiaei años 250–230 a. C.

Sucesor: Pinnes, gobernó con la regencia de Teuta