Humidex: различия между версиями
[отпатрулированная версия] | [непроверенная версия] |
Спасено источников — 1, отмечено мёртвыми — 0. #IABot (v1.6.5) |
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(не показано 13 промежуточных версий 2 участников) | |||
Строка 4: | Строка 4: | ||
Humidex — безразмерная величина, основанная на [[точка росы|точке росы]]. Данный индекс широко используется в канадских метеосводках летом. |
Humidex — безразмерная величина, основанная на [[точка росы|точке росы]]. Данный индекс широко используется в канадских метеосводках летом. |
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Согласно канадской метеорологической службе, значения |
Согласно канадской метеорологической службе, значения Humidex выше 30 причиняют некоторый дискомфорт, выше 40 — большой дискомфорт, а значение выше 45 является опасным. Если humidex достигает 54, тепловой удар неизбежен. Влияние ветра этот индекс не учитывает. |
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Формулу для определения индекса разработали J.M. Masterton и F.A. Richardson в 1979 году. Humidex отличается от [[индекс тепла|индекса тепла]], используемого в [[США]], который больше основан на [[точка росы|точке росы]], а не [[относительная влажность|относительной влажности]]. |
Формулу для определения индекса разработали J.M. Masterton и F.A. Richardson в 1979 году. Humidex отличается от [[индекс тепла|индекса тепла]], используемого в [[США]], который больше основан на [[точка росы|точке росы]], а не [[относительная влажность|относительной влажности]]. |
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== Рекорды == |
== Рекорды == |
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Рекордное значение индекса было зафиксировано 25 июля 2007 года, когда в канадском городе Карман оно взлетело до 53.0<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090116104229/http://www.cbc.ca/canada/manitoba/story/2007/07/26/storm-sewage.html City error sends sewage into Winnipeg basements — Manitoba — CBC News<!-- Заголовок добавлен ботом -->]</ref>. Он побил предыдущий рекорд в 52.1, установленный в 1953 году в городе [[Уинсор (Онтарио)]] (хотя жители Уинсора не узнали бы об этом в то время, так как индекс ещё не был изобретён). |
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Рекордное значение индекса было зафиксировано 25 июля 2007 года, когда в канадском городе Карман оно достигло 53.0<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090116104229/http://www.cbc.ca/canada/manitoba/story/2007/07/26/storm-sewage.html City error sends sewage into Winnipeg basements — Manitoba — CBC News<!-- Заголовок добавлен ботом -->]</ref>. Предыдущий рекорд составлял 52.1 и был установлен в 1953 году в городе [[Уинсор (Онтарио)]] (хотя жители Уинсора в то время не узнали бы об этом, так как индекс ещё не был изобретён). |
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== Формула == |
== Формула == |
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Допустим, [[температура]] равна 30 °C, а [[точка росы]] равна 15 °C, тогда значение индекса будет равно 34 (отметим, что humidex является безразмерной величиной, однако это число показывает приблизительную температуру в градусах [[Градус Цельсия|Цельсия]]). Если температура останется равна 30 °C, а точка росы поднимается до 25 °C, значение индекса поднимется до 42. Humidex, как правило, выше чем [[индекс тепла]], используемый в [[США]] при одинаковых температурах и относительной влажности. |
Допустим, [[температура]] равна 30 °C, а [[точка росы]] равна 15 °C, тогда значение индекса будет равно 34 (отметим, что humidex является безразмерной величиной, однако это число показывает приблизительную температуру в градусах [[Градус Цельсия|Цельсия]]). Если температура останется равна 30 °C, а точка росы поднимается до 25 °C, значение индекса поднимется до 42. Humidex, как правило, выше, чем [[индекс тепла]], используемый в [[США]] при одинаковых температурах и относительной влажности. |
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Humidex вычисляют по следующей формуле: |
Humidex вычисляют по следующей формуле: |
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: |
: Humidex = (температура воздуха в градусах Цельсия) + ''h'' |
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: ''h'' = |
: ''h'' = 0.5555 × (''e'' — 10.0) |
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: ''e'' = 6.11 |
: ''e'' = 6.11 × exp <nowiki>[</nowiki>5417.7530 × ((1/273.16) — (1/точка росы в [[Кельвин|кельвинах]]))] |
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Полная формула выглядит так: |
Полная формула выглядит так: |
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: <math>\text{Humidex} = \text{Air temperature}\ +\ 0.5555 \times (6.11 \times e^{5417.7530 \times \left(\frac{1}{273.16} - \frac{1}{\text{dewpoint in kelvins}}\right)} - 10)</math> |
: <math>\text{Humidex} = \text{Air temperature}\ +\ 0.5555 \times (6.11 \times e^{5417.7530 \times \left(\frac{1}{273.16} - \frac{1}{\text{dewpoint in kelvins}}\right)} - 10)</math> |
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=== Расчёты Humidex по точке росы === |
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; height: 200px; border: none; background: none; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" |
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! rowspan=2 colspan=2 style="border: none; background: none;" | |
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! colspan=29 | Температура, °C |
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|- |
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! 15 !! 16 !! 17 !! 18 !! 19 !! 20 !! 21 !! 22 !! 23 !! 24 !! 25 !! 26 !! 27 !! 28 !! 29 !! 30 !! 31 !! 32 !! 33 !! 34 !! 35 !! 36 !! 37 !! 38 !! 39 !! 40 !! 41 !! 42 !! 43 |
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|- |
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! rowspan=20 | Точка<br /> росы, °C |
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|- |
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! 10 |
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| style="background: limegreen" | 16 || style="background: limegreen" | 17 || style="background: limegreen" | 18 || style="background: limegreen" | 19 || style="background: limegreen" | 20 || style="background: limegreen" | 21 || style="background: limegreen" | 22 || style="background: limegreen" | 23 || style="background: limegreen" | 24 || style="background: limegreen" | 25 || style="background: limegreen" | 26 || style="background: limegreen" | 27 || style="background: limegreen" | 28 || style="background: limegreen" | 29 || style="background: yellow" | 30 || style="background: yellow" | 31 || style="background: yellow" | 32 || style="background: yellow" | 33 || style="background: yellow" | 34 || style="background: yellow" | 35 || style="background: yellow" | 36 || style="background: yellow" | 37 || style="background: yellow" | 38 || style="background: yellow" | 39 || style="background: darkorange" | 40 || style="background: darkorange" | 41 || style="background: darkorange" | 42 || style="background: darkorange" | 43 || style="background: darkorange" | 44 |
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|- |
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! 11 |
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| style="background: limegreen" | 17 || style="background: limegreen" | 18 || style="background: limegreen" | 19 || style="background: limegreen" | 20 || style="background: limegreen" | 21 || style="background: limegreen" | 22 || style="background: limegreen" | 23 || style="background: limegreen" | 24 || style="background: limegreen" | 25 || style="background: limegreen" | 26 || style="background: limegreen" | 27 || style="background: limegreen" | 28 || style="background: limegreen" | 29 || style="background: yellow" | 30 || style="background: yellow" | 31 || style="background: yellow" | 32 || style="background: yellow" | 33 || style="background: yellow" | 34 || style="background: yellow" | 35 || style="background: yellow" | 36 || style="background: yellow" | 37 || style="background: yellow" | 38 || style="background: yellow" | 39 || style="background: darkorange" | 40 || style="background: darkorange" | 41 || style="background: darkorange" | 42 || style="background: darkorange" | 43 || style="background: darkorange" | 44 || style="background: darkorange" | 45 |
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|- |
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! 12 |
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| style="background: limegreen" | 17 || style="background: limegreen" | 18 || style="background: limegreen" | 19 || style="background: limegreen" | 20 || style="background: limegreen" | 21 || style="background: limegreen" | 22 || style="background: limegreen" | 23 || style="background: limegreen" | 24 || style="background: limegreen" | 25 || style="background: limegreen" | 26 || style="background: limegreen" | 27 || style="background: limegreen" | 28 || style="background: limegreen" | 29 || style="background: yellow" | 30 || style="background: yellow" | 31 || style="background: yellow" | 32 || style="background: yellow" | 33 || style="background: yellow" | 34 || style="background: yellow" | 35 || style="background: yellow" | 36 || style="background: yellow" | 37 || style="background: yellow" | 38 || style="background: yellow" | 39 || style="background: darkorange" | 40 || style="background: darkorange" | 41 || style="background: darkorange" | 42 || style="background: darkorange" | 43 || style="background: darkorange" | 44 || style="background: darkorange" | 45 |
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|- |
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! 13 |
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| style="background: limegreen" | 18 || style="background: limegreen" | 19 || style="background: limegreen" | 20 || style="background: limegreen" | 21 || style="background: limegreen" | 22 || style="background: limegreen" | 23 || style="background: limegreen" | 24 || style="background: limegreen" | 25 || style="background: limegreen" | 26 || style="background: limegreen" | 27 || style="background: limegreen" | 28 || style="background: limegreen" | 29 || style="background: yellow" | 30 || style="background: yellow" | 31 || style="background: yellow" | 32 || style="background: yellow" | 33 || style="background: yellow" | 34 || style="background: yellow" | 35 || style="background: yellow" | 36 || style="background: yellow" | 37 || style="background: yellow" | 38 || style="background: yellow" | 39 || style="background: darkorange" | 40 || style="background: darkorange" | 41 || style="background: darkorange" | 42 || style="background: darkorange" | 43 || style="background: darkorange" | 44 || style="background: darkorange" | 45 || style="background: red; color: white" | 46 |
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|- |
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! 14 |
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| style="background: limegreen" | 18 || style="background: limegreen" | 19 || style="background: limegreen" | 20 || style="background: limegreen" | 21 || style="background: limegreen" | 22 || style="background: limegreen" | 23 || style="background: limegreen" | 24 || style="background: limegreen" | 25 || style="background: limegreen" | 26 || style="background: limegreen" | 27 || style="background: limegreen" | 28 || style="background: limegreen" | 29 || style="background: yellow" | 30 || style="background: yellow" | 31 || style="background: yellow" | 32 || style="background: yellow" | 33 || style="background: yellow" | 34 || style="background: yellow" | 35 || style="background: yellow" | 36 || style="background: yellow" | 37 || style="background: yellow" | 38 || style="background: yellow" | 39 || style="background: darkorange" | 40 || style="background: darkorange" | 41 || style="background: darkorange" | 42 || style="background: darkorange" | 43 || style="background: darkorange" | 44 || style="background: darkorange" | 45 || style="background: red; color: white" | 46 |
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|- |
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! 15 |
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| style="background: limegreen" | 19 || style="background: limegreen" | 20 || style="background: limegreen" | 21 || style="background: limegreen" | 22 || style="background: limegreen" | 23 || style="background: limegreen" | 24 || style="background: limegreen" | 25 || style="background: limegreen" | 26 || style="background: limegreen" | 27 || style="background: limegreen" | 28 || style="background: limegreen" | 29 || style="background: yellow" | 30 || style="background: yellow" | 31 || style="background: yellow" | 32 || style="background: yellow" | 33 || style="background: yellow" | 34 || style="background: yellow" | 35 || style="background: yellow" | 36 || style="background: yellow" | 37 || style="background: yellow" | 38 || style="background: yellow" | 39 || style="background: darkorange" | 40 || style="background: darkorange" | 41 || style="background: darkorange" | 42 || style="background: darkorange" | 43 || style="background: darkorange" | 44 || style="background: darkorange" | 45 || style="background: red; color: white" | 46 || style="background: red; color: white" | 47 |
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! 16 |
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| – || style="background: limegreen" | 21 || style="background: limegreen" | 22 || style="background: limegreen" | 23 || style="background: limegreen" | 24 || style="background: limegreen" | 25 || style="background: limegreen" | 26 || style="background: limegreen" | 27 || style="background: limegreen" | 28 || style="background: limegreen" | 29 || style="background: yellow" | 30 || style="background: yellow" | 31 || style="background: yellow" | 32 || style="background: yellow" | 33 || style="background: yellow" | 34 || style="background: yellow" | 35 || style="background: yellow" | 36 || style="background: yellow" | 37 || style="background: yellow" | 38 || style="background: yellow" | 39 || style="background: darkorange" | 40 || style="background: darkorange" | 41 || style="background: darkorange" | 42 || style="background: darkorange" | 43 || style="background: darkorange" | 44 || style="background: darkorange" | 45 || style="background: red; color: white" | 46 || style="background: red; color: white" | 47 || style="background: red; color: white" | 48 |
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|- |
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! 17 |
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| – || – || style="background: limegreen" | 22 || style="background: limegreen" | 23 || style="background: limegreen" | 24 || style="background: limegreen" | 25 || style="background: limegreen" | 26 || style="background: limegreen" | 27 || style="background: limegreen" | 28 || style="background: limegreen" | 29 || style="background: yellow" | 30 || style="background: yellow" | 31 || style="background: yellow" | 32 || style="background: yellow" | 33 || style="background: yellow" | 34 || style="background: yellow" | 35 || style="background: yellow" | 36 || style="background: yellow" | 37 || style="background: yellow" | 38 || style="background: yellow" | 39 || style="background: darkorange" | 40 || style="background: darkorange" | 41 || style="background: darkorange" | 42 || style="background: darkorange" | 43 || style="background: darkorange" | 44 || style="background: darkorange" | 45 || style="background: red; color: white" | 46 || style="background: red; color: white" | 47 || style="background: red; color: white" | 48 |
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! 18 |
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| – || – || – || style="background: limegreen" | 24 || style="background: limegreen" | 25 || style="background: limegreen" | 26 || style="background: limegreen" | 27 || style="background: limegreen" | 28 || style="background: limegreen" | 29 || style="background: yellow" | 30 || style="background: yellow" | 31 || style="background: yellow" | 32 || style="background: yellow" | 33 || style="background: yellow" | 34 || style="background: yellow" | 35 || style="background: yellow" | 36 || style="background: yellow" | 37 || style="background: yellow" | 38 || style="background: yellow" | 39 || style="background: darkorange" | 40 || style="background: darkorange" | 41 || style="background: darkorange" | 42 || style="background: darkorange" | 43 || style="background: darkorange" | 44 || style="background: darkorange" | 45 || style="background: red; color: white" | 46 || style="background: red; color: white" | 47 || style="background: red; color: white" | 48 || style="background: red; color: white" | 49 |
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|- |
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! 19 |
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| – || – || – || – || style="background: limegreen" | 26 || style="background: limegreen" | 27 || style="background: limegreen" | 28 || style="background: limegreen" | 29 || style="background: yellow" | 30 || style="background: yellow" | 31 || style="background: yellow" | 32 || style="background: yellow" | 33 || style="background: yellow" | 34 || style="background: yellow" | 35 || style="background: yellow" | 36 || style="background: yellow" | 37 || style="background: yellow" | 38 || style="background: yellow" | 39 || style="background: darkorange" | 40 || style="background: darkorange" | 41 || style="background: darkorange" | 42 || style="background: darkorange" | 43 || style="background: darkorange" | 44 || style="background: darkorange" | 45 || style="background: red; color: white" | 46 || style="background: red; color: white" | 47 || style="background: red; color: white" | 48 || style="background: red; color: white" | 49 || style="background: red; color: white" | 50 |
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! 20 |
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| – || – || – || – || – || style="background: limegreen" | 28 || style="background: limegreen" | 29 || style="background: yellow" | 30 || style="background: yellow" | 31 || style="background: yellow" | 32 || style="background: yellow" | 33 || style="background: yellow" | 34 || style="background: yellow" | 35 || style="background: yellow" | 36 || style="background: yellow" | 37 || style="background: yellow" | 38 || style="background: yellow" | 39 || style="background: darkorange" | 40 || style="background: darkorange" | 41 || style="background: darkorange" | 42 || style="background: darkorange" | 43 || style="background: darkorange" | 44 || style="background: darkorange" | 45 || style="background: red; color: white" | 46 || style="background: red; color: white" | 47 || style="background: red; color: white" | 48 || style="background: red; color: white" | 49 || style="background: red; color: white" | 50 || style="background: red; color: white" | 51 |
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|- |
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! 21 |
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| – || – || – || – || – || – || style="background: limegreen" | 29 || style="background: yellow" | 30 || style="background: yellow" | 31 || style="background: yellow" | 32 || style="background: yellow" | 33 || style="background: yellow" | 34 || style="background: yellow" | 35 || style="background: yellow" | 36 || style="background: yellow" | 37 || style="background: yellow" | 38 || style="background: yellow" | 39 || style="background: darkorange" | 40 || style="background: darkorange" | 41 || style="background: darkorange" | 42 || style="background: darkorange" | 43 || style="background: darkorange" | 44 || style="background: darkorange" | 45 || style="background: red; color: white" | 46 || style="background: red; color: white" | 47 || style="background: red; color: white" | 48 || style="background: red; color: white" | 49 || style="background: red; color: white" | 50 || style="background: red; color: white" | 51 |
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! 22 |
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| – || – || – || – || – || – || – || style="background: yellow" | 31 || style="background: yellow" | 32 || style="background: yellow" | 33 || style="background: yellow" | 34 || style="background: yellow" | 35 || style="background: yellow" | 36 || style="background: yellow" | 37 || style="background: yellow" | 38 || style="background: yellow" | 39 || style="background: darkorange" | 40 || style="background: darkorange" | 41 || style="background: darkorange" | 42 || style="background: darkorange" | 43 || style="background: darkorange" | 44 || style="background: darkorange" | 45 || style="background: red; color: white" | 46 || style="background: red; color: white" | 47 || style="background: red; color: white" | 48 || style="background: red; color: white" | 49 || style="background: red; color: white" | 50 || style="background: red; color: white" | 51 || style="background: red; color: white" | 52 |
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! 23 |
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| – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || style="background: yellow" | 33 || style="background: yellow" | 34 || style="background: yellow" | 35 || style="background: yellow" | 36 || style="background: yellow" | 37 || style="background: yellow" | 38 || style="background: yellow" | 39 || style="background: darkorange" | 40 || style="background: darkorange" | 41 || style="background: darkorange" | 42 || style="background: darkorange" | 43 || style="background: darkorange" | 44 || style="background: darkorange" | 45 || style="background: red; color: white" | 46 || style="background: red; color: white" | 47 || style="background: red; color: white" | 48 || style="background: red; color: white" | 49 || style="background: red; color: white" | 50 || style="background: red; color: white" | 51 || style="background: red; color: white" | 52 || style="background: red; color: white" | 53 |
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! 24 |
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| – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || style="background: yellow" | 35 || style="background: yellow" | 36 || style="background: yellow" | 37 || style="background: yellow" | 38 || style="background: yellow" | 39 || style="background: darkorange" | 40 || style="background: darkorange" | 41 || style="background: darkorange" | 42 || style="background: darkorange" | 43 || style="background: darkorange" | 44 || style="background: darkorange" | 45 || style="background: red; color: white" | 46 || style="background: red; color: white" | 47 || style="background: red; color: white" | 48 || style="background: red; color: white" | 49 || style="background: red; color: white" | 50 || style="background: red; color: white" | 51 || style="background: red; color: white" | 52 || style="background: red; color: white" | 53 || style="background: red; color: white" | 54 |
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! 25 |
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| – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || style="background: yellow" | 37 || style="background: yellow" | 38 || style="background: yellow" | 39 || style="background: darkorange" | 40 || style="background: darkorange" | 41 || style="background: darkorange" | 42 || style="background: darkorange" | 43 || style="background: darkorange" | 44 || style="background: darkorange" | 45 || style="background: red; color: white" | 46 || style="background: red; color: white" | 47 || style="background: red; color: white" | 48 || style="background: red; color: white" | 49 || style="background: red; color: white" | 50 || style="background: red; color: white" | 51 || style="background: red; color: white" | 52 || style="background: red; color: white" | 53 || style="background: red; color: white" | 54 || style="background: red; color: white" | 55 |
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! 26 |
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| – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || style="background: yellow" | 39 || style="background: darkorange" | 40 || style="background: darkorange" | 41 || style="background: darkorange" | 42 || style="background: darkorange" | 43 || style="background: darkorange" | 44 || style="background: darkorange" | 45 || style="background: red; color: white" | 46 || style="background: red; color: white" | 47 || style="background: red; color: white" | 48 || style="background: red; color: white" | 49 || style="background: red; color: white" | 50 || style="background: red; color: white" | 51 || style="background: red; color: white" | 52 || style="background: red; color: white" | 53 || style="background: red; color: white" | 54 || style="background: red; color: white" | 55 || style="background: red; color: white" | 56 |
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! 27 |
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| – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || style="background: darkorange" | 42 || style="background: darkorange" | 43 || style="background: darkorange" | 44 || style="background: darkorange" | 45 || style="background: red; color: white" | 46 || style="background: red; color: white" | 47 || style="background: red; color: white" | 48 || style="background: red; color: white" | 49 || style="background: red; color: white" | 50 || style="background: red; color: white" | 51 || style="background: red; color: white" | 52 || style="background: red; color: white" | 53 || style="background: red; color: white" | 54 || style="background: red; color: white" | 55 || style="background: red; color: white" | 56 || style="background: red; color: white" | 57 || style="background: red; color: white" | 58 |
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! 28 |
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| – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || style="background: darkorange" | 44 || style="background: darkorange" | 45 || style="background: red; color: white" | 46 || style="background: red; color: white" | 47 || style="background: red; color: white" | 48 || style="background: red; color: white" | 49 || style="background: red; color: white" | 50 || style="background: red; color: white" | 51 || style="background: red; color: white" | 52 || style="background: red; color: white" | 53 || style="background: red; color: white" | 54 || style="background: red; color: white" | 55 || style="background: red; color: white" | 56 || style="background: red; color: white" | 57 || style="background: red; color: white" | 58 || style="background: red; color: white" | 59 |
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|} |
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=== Вспомогательная таблица по температуре точки росы === |
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" |
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!rowspan="2"|Температура<br />воздуха, °С |
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!colspan="14"|Относительная влажность воздуха |
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|- |
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!30%||35%||40%||45%||50%||55%||60%||65%||70%||75%||80%||85%||90%||95% |
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|- |
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! – 10 |
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| – 23,2||– 21,8||– 20,4||– 19,1||– 17,8||– 16,8||– 15,8||– 14,9||– 14,1||– 13,35||– 12,6||– 11,6||– 10,6||– 10 |
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|- |
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! – 5 |
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| – 18,7||– 17,2||– 15,7||– 14,45||– 13,2||– 11,95||– 10,7||– 9,9||– 9,1||– 8,3||– 7,5||– 6,7||– 5,9||– 5,4 |
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|- |
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! 0 |
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| – 14,5||– 12,9||– 11,3||– 10||-8,7||– 7,45||– 6,2||– 5,3||– 4,4||– 3,6||– 2,8||– 2,05||– 1,3||– 0,7 |
|||
|- |
|||
! + 5 |
|||
| – 10,5||– 8,9||– 7,3||– 5,8||– 4,3||– 3,25||– 2,2||– 1,1||– 0,1||+ 0,75||+ 1,6||+ 2,45||+ 3,3||+ 4,1 |
|||
|- |
|||
! + 10 |
|||
| – 6,7||– 4,95||– 3,2||– 1,75||– 0,3||+ 0,95||+ 2,2||+ 3,2||+ 4,4||+ 5,4||+ 6,4||+ 7,3||+ 8,2||+ 9,1 |
|||
|- |
|||
! + 15 |
|||
| – 2,9||– 1,05||+ 0,8||+ 2,4||+ 4||+ 5,35||+ 6,7||+ 8||+ 9,2||+ 10,2||+ 11,2||+ 12,15||+ 13,1||+ 14,1 |
|||
|- |
|||
! + 20 |
|||
| + 1||+ 3,1||+ 5,2||+ 6,95||+ 8,7||+ 10,1||+ 11,5||+ 12,8||+ 14||+ 15,1||+ 16,2||+ 17,15||+ 18,1||+ 19,1 |
|||
|- |
|||
! + 25 |
|||
| + 5,2||+ 7,45||+ 9,7||+ 11,4||+ 13,1||+ 14,65||+ 16,2||+ 17,5||+ 18,8||+ 19,95||+ 21,1||+ 22,05||+ 23||+ 24 |
|||
|- |
|||
! + 30 |
|||
| + 9,5||+ 11,7||+ 13,9||+ 15,8||+ 17,7||+ 19,5||+ 21,3||+ 22,5||+ 23,8||+ 24,95||+ 26,1||+ 27,1||+ 28,1||+ 29 |
|||
|} |
|||
=== Расчёты Humidex по относительной влажности === |
|||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; height: 200px; border: none; background: none; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; font-size: 90%" |
|||
|- |
|||
! rowspan=2 colspan=2 style="border: none; background: none;" | |
|||
! colspan=17 | Температура, °C |
|||
|- |
|||
! 21 !! 25 !! 30 !! 31 !! 32 !! 33 !! 34 !! 35 !! 36 !! 37 !! 38 !! 39 !! 40 !! 41 !! 42 !! 43 |
|||
|- |
|||
! rowspan=14 | Относительная<br/>влажность, % |
|||
|- |
|||
! 20 |
|||
| – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || style="background: darkorange" | 40 || style="background: darkorange" | 41 || style="background: darkorange" | 43 || style="background: darkorange" | 44 || style="background: red; color: white" | 46 || style="background: red; color: white" | 47 |
|||
|- |
|||
! 30 |
|||
| – || style="background: limegreen" | 24 || style="background: yellow" | 31 || style="background: yellow" | 33 || style="background: yellow" | 34 || style="background: yellow" | 36 || style="background: yellow" | 37 || style="background: yellow" | 38 || style="background: darkorange" | 40 || style="background: darkorange" | 42 || style="background: darkorange" | 43 || style="background: darkorange" | 45 || style="background: red; color: white" | 47 || style="background: red; color: white" | 48 || style="background: red; color: white" | 50 || style="background: red; color: white" | 51 |
|||
|- |
|||
! 40 |
|||
| – || style="background: limegreen" | 26 || style="background: yellow" | 33 || style="background: yellow" | 35 || style="background: yellow" | 37 || style="background: yellow" | 39 || style="background: darkorange" | 40 || style="background: darkorange" | 42 || style="background: darkorange" | 44 || style="background: darkorange" | 45 || style="background: red; color: white" | 47 || style="background: red; color: white" | 49 || style="background: red; color: white" | 51 || style="background: red; color: white" | 53 || style="background: red; color: white" | 54 || style="background: red; color: white" | 56 |
|||
|- |
|||
! 50 |
|||
| style="background: limegreen" | 22 || style="background: limegreen" | 28 || style="background: yellow" | 36 || style="background: yellow" | 38 || style="background: darkorange" | 40 || style="background: darkorange" | 41 || style="background: darkorange" | 43 || style="background: darkorange" | 45 || style="background: red; color: white" | 47 || style="background: red; color: white" | 49 || style="background: red; color: white" | 51 || style="background: red; color: white" | 53 || style="background: red; color: white" | 55 || style="background: red; color: white" | 57 || – || – |
|||
|- |
|||
! 60 |
|||
| style="background: limegreen" | 24 || style="background: yellow" | 30 || style="background: yellow" | 39 || style="background: darkorange" | 40 || style="background: darkorange" | 42 || style="background: darkorange" | 44 || style="background: red; color: white" | 46 || style="background: red; color: white" | 48 || style="background: red; color: white" | 50 || style="background: red; color: white" | 52 || style="background: red; color: white" | 54 || style="background: red; color: white" | 57 || – || – || – || – |
|||
|- |
|||
! 70 |
|||
| style="background: limegreen" | 25 || style="background: yellow" | 32 || style="background: darkorange" | 41 || style="background: darkorange" | 43 || style="background: darkorange" | 45 || style="background: red; color: white" | 47 || style="background: red; color: white" | 49 || style="background: red; color: white" | 51 || style="background: red; color: white" | 53 || style="background: red; color: white" | 56 || style="background: red; color: white" | 58 || – || – || – || – || – |
|||
|- |
|||
! 80 |
|||
| style="background: limegreen" | 26 || style="background: yellow" | 34 || style="background: darkorange" | 44 || style="background: darkorange" | 45 || style="background: red; color: white" | 47 || style="background: red; color: white" | 50 || style="background: red; color: white" | 52 || style="background: red; color: white" | 54 || style="background: red; color: white" | 57 || style="background: red; color: white" | 59 || – || – || – || – || – || – |
|||
|- |
|||
! 90 |
|||
| style="background: limegreen" | 28 || style="background: yellow" | 35 || style="background: darkorange" | 46 || style="background: red; color: white" | 48 || style="background: red; color: white" | 50 || style="background: red; color: white" | 52 || style="background: red; color: white" | 55 || style="background: red; color: white" | 57 || style="background: red; color: white" | 60 || – || – || – || – || – || – || – |
|||
|- |
|||
! 100 |
|||
| style="background: limegreen" | 29 || style="background: yellow" | 37 || style="background: red; color: white" | 48 || style="background: red; color: white" | 50 || style="background: red; color: white" | 53 || style="background: red; color: white" | 55 || style="background: red; color: white" | 58 || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – || – |
|||
|} |
|||
== См. также == |
== См. также == |
||
* [[Жёсткость погоды]] |
* [[Жёсткость погоды]] |
||
* [[Тепловая нагрузка]] |
|||
== Примечания == |
== Примечания == |
Текущая версия от 05:40, 18 декабря 2024
Humidex — это индекс температуры и влажности, используемый канадскими метеорологами, позволяющий оценить субъективное ощущение человека в жаркую погоду.
Общие данные
[править | править код]Humidex — безразмерная величина, основанная на точке росы. Данный индекс широко используется в канадских метеосводках летом.
Согласно канадской метеорологической службе, значения Humidex выше 30 причиняют некоторый дискомфорт, выше 40 — большой дискомфорт, а значение выше 45 является опасным. Если humidex достигает 54, тепловой удар неизбежен. Влияние ветра этот индекс не учитывает.
Формулу для определения индекса разработали J.M. Masterton и F.A. Richardson в 1979 году. Humidex отличается от индекса тепла, используемого в США, который больше основан на точке росы, а не относительной влажности.
Рекорды
[править | править код]Рекордное значение индекса было зафиксировано 25 июля 2007 года, когда в канадском городе Карман оно достигло 53.0[1]. Предыдущий рекорд составлял 52.1 и был установлен в 1953 году в городе Уинсор (Онтарио) (хотя жители Уинсора в то время не узнали бы об этом, так как индекс ещё не был изобретён).
Формула
[править | править код]Допустим, температура равна 30 °C, а точка росы равна 15 °C, тогда значение индекса будет равно 34 (отметим, что humidex является безразмерной величиной, однако это число показывает приблизительную температуру в градусах Цельсия). Если температура останется равна 30 °C, а точка росы поднимается до 25 °C, значение индекса поднимется до 42. Humidex, как правило, выше, чем индекс тепла, используемый в США при одинаковых температурах и относительной влажности.
Humidex вычисляют по следующей формуле:
- Humidex = (температура воздуха в градусах Цельсия) + h
- h = 0.5555 × (e — 10.0)
- e = 6.11 × exp [5417.7530 × ((1/273.16) — (1/точка росы в кельвинах))]
Полная формула выглядит так:
Расчёты Humidex по точке росы
[править | править код]Температура, °C | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 37 | 38 | 39 | 40 | 41 | 42 | 43 | ||
Точка росы, °C | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
10 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 37 | 38 | 39 | 40 | 41 | 42 | 43 | 44 | |
11 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 37 | 38 | 39 | 40 | 41 | 42 | 43 | 44 | 45 | |
12 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 37 | 38 | 39 | 40 | 41 | 42 | 43 | 44 | 45 | |
13 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 37 | 38 | 39 | 40 | 41 | 42 | 43 | 44 | 45 | 46 | |
14 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 37 | 38 | 39 | 40 | 41 | 42 | 43 | 44 | 45 | 46 | |
15 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 37 | 38 | 39 | 40 | 41 | 42 | 43 | 44 | 45 | 46 | 47 | |
16 | – | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 37 | 38 | 39 | 40 | 41 | 42 | 43 | 44 | 45 | 46 | 47 | 48 | |
17 | – | – | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 37 | 38 | 39 | 40 | 41 | 42 | 43 | 44 | 45 | 46 | 47 | 48 | |
18 | – | – | – | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 37 | 38 | 39 | 40 | 41 | 42 | 43 | 44 | 45 | 46 | 47 | 48 | 49 | |
19 | – | – | – | – | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 37 | 38 | 39 | 40 | 41 | 42 | 43 | 44 | 45 | 46 | 47 | 48 | 49 | 50 | |
20 | – | – | – | – | – | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 37 | 38 | 39 | 40 | 41 | 42 | 43 | 44 | 45 | 46 | 47 | 48 | 49 | 50 | 51 | |
21 | – | – | – | – | – | – | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 37 | 38 | 39 | 40 | 41 | 42 | 43 | 44 | 45 | 46 | 47 | 48 | 49 | 50 | 51 | |
22 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 37 | 38 | 39 | 40 | 41 | 42 | 43 | 44 | 45 | 46 | 47 | 48 | 49 | 50 | 51 | 52 | |
23 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 33 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 37 | 38 | 39 | 40 | 41 | 42 | 43 | 44 | 45 | 46 | 47 | 48 | 49 | 50 | 51 | 52 | 53 | |
24 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 35 | 36 | 37 | 38 | 39 | 40 | 41 | 42 | 43 | 44 | 45 | 46 | 47 | 48 | 49 | 50 | 51 | 52 | 53 | 54 | |
25 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 37 | 38 | 39 | 40 | 41 | 42 | 43 | 44 | 45 | 46 | 47 | 48 | 49 | 50 | 51 | 52 | 53 | 54 | 55 | |
26 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 39 | 40 | 41 | 42 | 43 | 44 | 45 | 46 | 47 | 48 | 49 | 50 | 51 | 52 | 53 | 54 | 55 | 56 | |
27 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 42 | 43 | 44 | 45 | 46 | 47 | 48 | 49 | 50 | 51 | 52 | 53 | 54 | 55 | 56 | 57 | 58 | |
28 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 44 | 45 | 46 | 47 | 48 | 49 | 50 | 51 | 52 | 53 | 54 | 55 | 56 | 57 | 58 | 59 |
Вспомогательная таблица по температуре точки росы
[править | править код]Температура воздуха, °С |
Относительная влажность воздуха | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
30% | 35% | 40% | 45% | 50% | 55% | 60% | 65% | 70% | 75% | 80% | 85% | 90% | 95% | |
– 10 | – 23,2 | – 21,8 | – 20,4 | – 19,1 | – 17,8 | – 16,8 | – 15,8 | – 14,9 | – 14,1 | – 13,35 | – 12,6 | – 11,6 | – 10,6 | – 10 |
– 5 | – 18,7 | – 17,2 | – 15,7 | – 14,45 | – 13,2 | – 11,95 | – 10,7 | – 9,9 | – 9,1 | – 8,3 | – 7,5 | – 6,7 | – 5,9 | – 5,4 |
0 | – 14,5 | – 12,9 | – 11,3 | – 10 | -8,7 | – 7,45 | – 6,2 | – 5,3 | – 4,4 | – 3,6 | – 2,8 | – 2,05 | – 1,3 | – 0,7 |
+ 5 | – 10,5 | – 8,9 | – 7,3 | – 5,8 | – 4,3 | – 3,25 | – 2,2 | – 1,1 | – 0,1 | + 0,75 | + 1,6 | + 2,45 | + 3,3 | + 4,1 |
+ 10 | – 6,7 | – 4,95 | – 3,2 | – 1,75 | – 0,3 | + 0,95 | + 2,2 | + 3,2 | + 4,4 | + 5,4 | + 6,4 | + 7,3 | + 8,2 | + 9,1 |
+ 15 | – 2,9 | – 1,05 | + 0,8 | + 2,4 | + 4 | + 5,35 | + 6,7 | + 8 | + 9,2 | + 10,2 | + 11,2 | + 12,15 | + 13,1 | + 14,1 |
+ 20 | + 1 | + 3,1 | + 5,2 | + 6,95 | + 8,7 | + 10,1 | + 11,5 | + 12,8 | + 14 | + 15,1 | + 16,2 | + 17,15 | + 18,1 | + 19,1 |
+ 25 | + 5,2 | + 7,45 | + 9,7 | + 11,4 | + 13,1 | + 14,65 | + 16,2 | + 17,5 | + 18,8 | + 19,95 | + 21,1 | + 22,05 | + 23 | + 24 |
+ 30 | + 9,5 | + 11,7 | + 13,9 | + 15,8 | + 17,7 | + 19,5 | + 21,3 | + 22,5 | + 23,8 | + 24,95 | + 26,1 | + 27,1 | + 28,1 | + 29 |
Расчёты Humidex по относительной влажности
[править | править код]Температура, °C | ||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
21 | 25 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 37 | 38 | 39 | 40 | 41 | 42 | 43 | |||
Относительная влажность, % | ||||||||||||||||||
20 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 40 | 41 | 43 | 44 | 46 | 47 | ||
30 | – | 24 | 31 | 33 | 34 | 36 | 37 | 38 | 40 | 42 | 43 | 45 | 47 | 48 | 50 | 51 | ||
40 | – | 26 | 33 | 35 | 37 | 39 | 40 | 42 | 44 | 45 | 47 | 49 | 51 | 53 | 54 | 56 | ||
50 | 22 | 28 | 36 | 38 | 40 | 41 | 43 | 45 | 47 | 49 | 51 | 53 | 55 | 57 | – | – | ||
60 | 24 | 30 | 39 | 40 | 42 | 44 | 46 | 48 | 50 | 52 | 54 | 57 | – | – | – | – | ||
70 | 25 | 32 | 41 | 43 | 45 | 47 | 49 | 51 | 53 | 56 | 58 | – | – | – | – | – | ||
80 | 26 | 34 | 44 | 45 | 47 | 50 | 52 | 54 | 57 | 59 | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||
90 | 28 | 35 | 46 | 48 | 50 | 52 | 55 | 57 | 60 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||
100 | 29 | 37 | 48 | 50 | 53 | 55 | 58 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
См. также
[править | править код]Примечания
[править | править код]Ссылки
[править | править код]- «Frequently Asked Questions», MSC, 2004.
- Wind Chill and Humidex Criticism about the use of Wind chill and humidex
- More Humidex info