Эрдоган, Реджеп Тайип: различия между версиями

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{{Politics of Turkey}}
{{Politics of Turkey}}


'''Recep Tayyip Erdoğan''' (born [[February 26]], [[1954]]), became [[List of Prime Ministers of Turkey|Prime Minister]] of [[Turkey]] on [[March 14]], [[2003]]. He is the leader of the ''[[Adalet ve Kalkinma Partisi]]'' (AK Party, or Justice and Development Party). The acronym AK means white, pure, or clean.

Erdoğan, was born in [[Istanbul]], but spent his early childhood in [[Rize]] on the [[Black Sea]] Coast before returning to [[Istanbul]] at the age of 13. He was educated at a religious [[Imam Hatip school]] and at [[Marmara University]]'s school of [[economics]] and [[business]]. Erdoğan played semi-professional [[football (soccer)|football]] for 16 years and worked for Istanbul's municipal transport company, and became active in politics with the now-defunct [[Islamist]] [[National Salvation Party]] (''Milli Selâmet Partisi''), led by [[Necmettin Erbakan]].

After the [[Turkish military coup, 1980|military coup]] of [[12 September]] [[1980]], he gave up football and left to work in the private sector, before going for [[mandatory military service]] in [[1982]] as a commissioned officer.

After the 1980 coup, all political parties were disbanded, but the National Salvation Party's former members founded the [[Welfare Party]] (''Refah Partisi'') after the restoration of democracy in [[1983]]. In [[1985]] Erdoğan became the Welfare Party's chairman in [[Istanbul Province]] and stood for election as [[Mayor]] of the cosmopolitan [[Beyoglu|Beyoğlu]] borough in central Istanbul and as a candidate for the [[Turkish Grand National Assembly]] several times in the late [[1980s]].

In [[1991]], the Welfare Party passed the 10 % threshold necessary to gain seats in the Grand National Assembly for the first time, and Erdoğan was elected as a Member of Parliament from Istanbul Province, although this was withdrawn by the High Electoral Committee due to the then-existing [[voting system]]. In the local elections of [[27 March]] [[1994]], however, the Welfare Party became the largest party in Turkey for the first time, and Erdoğan became [[List of mayors of Istanbul|Mayor of Greater Istanbul]] as well as President of the Greater Istanbul Metropolitan Council.

As Mayor of Istanbul, he made a name for himself as a populist, effective administrator, building up Istanbul's infrastructure and transportation grid, while simultaneously beautifying the city, becoming one of Turkey's most popular politicians in the process.

On [[12 December]], [[1997]] at a public meeting in [[Siirt]] in southeastern Turkey, he recited a well-known poem written by secular nationalist poet [[Ziya Gökalp]], stating ''"Mosques are our barracks, domes our helmets, minarets our bayonets, believers our soldiers."'' ("Asker Duasi" [Prayer of the Soldier] by Ziya Gökalp, 1912, in Ziya Gökalp Kulliyati-I, ed. F. A. Tansel, Istanbul: Turk Tarih Kurumu Yayinlari, 1989). As a consequence, he was tried and convicted of inciting religious hatred in [[1998]]. He was sentenced to ten months imprisonment of which he served four between March and July [[1999]].

During this period Turkish Islamist politics entered a period of chaos. In [[1997]], the Welfare Party was declared unconstitutional and was shut down on the grounds of threatening the secular nature of the state. The disbanded party promptly reformed itself under a new name, the [[Virtue Party]] (''Fazilet Partisi''), which in turn was found unconstitutional on the same grounds in 1999. Erdoğan led his group into the new [[Justice and Development Party (Turkey)|Justice and Development Party]] (''Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi''), while the traditionalists formed the [[Felicity Party (Turkey)|Felicity Party]] (''Saadet Partisi''). The Justice and Development Party, on the back of widespread discontent with the traditional parties' handling of the economy and the 1999 [[earthquake]], took 34.3% of the vote in the [[3 November]], [[2002]] parliamentary elections, and due to Turkey's system of allotting seats, won an overall majority in the Grand National Assembly.

Erdoğan's appointment as Prime Minister was delayed after his party's victory in the elections for legal reasons. The prime minister in Turkey must be a member of parliament and the constitution excluded those with previous convictions from standing. A prominent supporter of Erdoğan, [[Abdullah Gül]], became a stand-in prime minister and pushed through a constitutional amendment that allowed Erdoğan to win a freshly vacant seat in the province of [[Siirt]] in a by-election. Gül resigned (to become foreign minister) and Erdoğan was appointed Prime Minister by President [[Ahmet Necdet Sezer]].

In particular, Erdoğan has condemned Turkey's secular élites' for what he alleges are baseless fear and provocations against citizens. He attempted to make the qualifications of graduates from the religious [[Imam Hatip school]]s equal to those of conventional high school graduates in university admission. However, chastened by the experience of the Welfare and Virtue parties, he has not pursued issues such as Turkey's [[headscarf ban]] as rigorously as expected, and has maintained close military relations with the [[United States]] and [[Israel]].

In [[May 2004]], he became the first Turkish Prime Minister to visit [[Greece]] since [[1988]], and the first to visit the greek muslim of [[Thrace]] since [[1952]]. The visit was remarkably congenial on both sides, and Erdoğan scored an important victory when his Greek counterpart, [[Costas Caramanlis]], declared that Greece would support a Turkish bid for [[European Union]] membership, a major aim of Erdoğan's administration (see [[Accession of Turkey to the European Union]]).

Recep Tayyip Erdoğan has been married to Emine since [[4 July]], [[1978]], and has two sons and two daughters.


==External links==
*[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/2270642.stm Turkey's charismatic pro-Islamic leader]; BBC; [[4 November]] [[2002]]
*[http://www.turkishweekly.net/articles.php?id=8 2003 Speech by Erdogan - "Democracy in the Middle East, Pluralism in Europe: Turkish View"]


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Версия от 13:28, 25 мая 2006

Реджеп Тайип Эрдоган
тур. Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
Дата рождения 26 февраля 1954(1954-02-26)[1][2] (70 лет)
Место рождения
Страна
Род деятельности государственный деятель
Супруга Эмине Эрдоган
Дети Сюмеййе Эрдоган, Билал Эрдоган, Ахмет Эрдоган[вд] и Эсра Эрдоган
Награды и премии
Автограф Изображение автографа
Сайт tccb.gov.tr (тур.)
Логотип Викисклада Медиафайлы на Викискладе
Логотип Викитеки Произведения в Викитеке

Шаблон:Politics of Turkey


Предшественник:
Abdullah Gül 		Prime Minister of Turkey
2003–present 		Преемник:
{{{преемник}}}

ЭРДОГАН (Erdogan) Реджеп Таййип (р. 26 февраля 1954), турецкий политический и государственный деятель. Премьер-министр Турции с марта 2003, лидер умеренно-исламистской Партии справедливости и развития. Окончил религиозную школу в Стамбуле и факультет экономики университета Мармара. С 1970-х принимал участие в политической деятельности, являлся руководителем молодежного крыла Партии национального спасения, поздне вступил в Партию благоденствия (обе объединяли сторонников исламизма). В 1994 был избран мэром Стамбула. В 1996 Партия благоденствия участвовала в правящей исламской коалиции, но после военного переворота 1998 была запрещена, а сам Эрдоган за пропаганду взглядов, разжигающих национальную рознь, был осужден на 4 месяца тюремного заключения. В июле Эрдоган 2001 учредил Партию справедливости и развития, которая победила на парламентских выборах в ноябре 2002. Наличие судимости помешало Эрдогану стать премьер-министром, но после начала операции против Ирака турецкая элита, находящаяся под сильным влиянием США, дала согласие на изменение законов и Эрдоган возглавил правительство. Турция приняла решение ввести войска на север Ирака, где проживают курды. Эрдоган является сторонником вхождения Турции в Евросоюз.

  1. ↑ Recep Tayyip Erdoğan // Brockhaus Enzyklopädie (нем.)
  2. ↑ Recep Tayyip Erdogan // Munzinger Personen (нем.)
Источник — https://ru.wikipedia.org/ruwiki/w/index.php?title=Эрдоган,_Реджеп_Тайип&oldid=1211295