Обсуждение:Хазары

Замечания

В вопросе этногенеза статья выглядит намного лучше, чем та, что на английской странице. На английской странице просто указано, что они были тюрками. Здесь же даны разные точки зрения. Однако, по-моему, мнению не помешало бы добавить следующее: 1. согласно одной из точек зрения этноним "хазар" происходит от персидского "хазаран" (hezaran~hazaran) "тысячи". Это название возможно было собирательным именем хазарского конгломерата и не отражало этнического названия. Потом..,следует упомянуть о том, что Каспийское море называлось раньше "Хвалынским морем", а жители Хорезма "хвалисами" (хвалисы). Насколько знаю некоторые видят в "хазарах" этих самых "хвалисов". Всё это мелочь по сравнению с тем, чего действительно не хвтает,- истории хазар. Представлено очень скупо. а в целом неплохо. У дагестанских историков отмечается, что ведущим хазарским племенем являлось болгарское племя барсилов. Из за этих барсилов в средневековых хроников и сам Дагестан нередко носит название Страна Берсилия (также Барсалия). Берсилы- это болгарское племя "барчола". в настоящее время наиболее компетентным исследователем хазарского прошлого является дагестанский(аварец) археолог и историк Мурад Магомедов. Не мешало бы заглянуть в его работы. мнния всех остальных хазарологов на данный момент во-многом не актуальны. По крайней мере с тех классических времён "открытия" Хазарии накопилось очень много археологического материала. Пересмотрено немало прежних постулатов. Хотелось бы почитать и о рунической письменности хазар. С уважением--Awarenstuermer 14:55, 25 сентября 2006 (UTC) Так напишите все это в статью. Кстати и болгары и авары - тожюе тюрки, так, что ошибки нет. Участницa Lamerkhav

Про происхождение этнонима обязательно напишу (давно собираюсь привести все основные версии, но пока времени нет), про барсил тоже отдельно упомяну. Про хвалис, наверное, не надо. По крайней мере, их чаще связыают с Хорезмом, а не с хазарами. Что касается «истории хазар», то я намеренно о ней ничего не написал, так как она освещается в статье Хазарский каганат. --Fred 07:18, 26 сентября 2006 (UTC)

О Хазарах

Хахахахахахахаха!!!!!!!Я разрушитель проекта википедия!!!!!!!!!И буду удалять всё!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Пидарас

Заглянул в один ресурс с упоминанием Мурада Магомедова и нашёл там следующее (может быть понадобится, кроме того, здесь и ссылки есть):

Khazars

Much of the following information was obtained from the April 13, 2001 issue of the KHAZARIA.COM NEWS and is attributed to Kevin Brook www.khazaria.com

Khazaria, a world power in eastern Europe that flourished as an independent state from the 7th to the 11th centuries. In the 9th century, the Khazarian royalty and nobility, as well as a significant portion of the Khazar Turkic population, embraced the Jewish religion. After the fall of the Khazarian Empire in the 10th century, they dispersed throughout what became Russia, Poland and Lithuania. They mixed with Sephardic Jews as offering safe haven and later mixed with arriving Jews from Germanic and European areas, becoming what we think of now as Eastern European Jews. http://www.da.aaanet.ru/exped/exped_en_fr.htm

You can learn more about the Khazars at Kevin Alan Brooks web site www.Khazaria.com

Khazaria.com is a resource for Turkic and Jewish History in Russia and Ukraine. The site offers a free subscription for their e-mail newsletter http://www.khazaria.com

The word Kagan comes to our lexicon from the Chussar Nation which was located between the Black and Caspian Seas. The leaders of the Chussars were called Kagans. Some time in the 5th Century, the "Big Kagan" of the Chussars decided to unify the nation by imposing a single religion. After consultation with Clergy of the 3 religions, he decided that the Jewish religion was the one for them (the aristocracy). The Princes (Kagans) became Cohanim. When the Attila the Hun invaded their territory, the Chussars moved West (most to Hungary) some to Russia. The ones that arrived in Russia adapted the Russian way of life but not the religion. (for more on that, read the book "The 13th Tribe). You'll find that a Russian Cohen will most likely be called Kagan or Kaganowicz. From a posting to JewishGen by Arie Wishnia on 1/28/04

The Khazaria-announce list will help you to learn all about the religions, languages, burial practices, arts and crafts, agriculture, horticulture, military affairs and immigrations of the Khazars. And there is much information available in the new Alexander Beider book on the "Origin of Ashkenazic Names"

The list mainly consists of occasional mailings of information in the following categories: 1.) reviews and announcements of new books and articles in the subject area; 2.) news about relevant new conferences, television programs, museum exhibitions and discoveries; and 3.) news about significant updates or additions to the http://Khazaria.com

Khazaria - the Jewish Kingdom of Khazaria in the twelfth century. On the banks of the Don, recently, were discovered Khazarian dishes bearing the word 'Israel' in Hebrew and a new Khazar fortress, next to the one at Sarkel, has also been announced and excavations are underway on the banks of the big reservoir of Tsimlyansk.

The Khazars are generally viewed as a Turkic-speaking people. The Khazar kingdom was an important regional power that controlled the steppe lands and several important rivers -- the Volga and the Don. An active north-south trade existed through the kingdom. Exiles, including persecuted Jews, were welcomed to the Khazar country.

It has been argued by one Murad Magomedov (Makhachkala) that the first political centers of Khazaria were located in Dagestan (Balanjar and Samandar) and after that, probably from the second half of the 8th century onwards, in Itil on Volga delta. He did not agree with the interpretations of some colleagues who put forward the idea of some early (from the middle/the second half of the 7th century) center of Khazaria between Don and Dnieper, during that time it was the Bulgars of Kubrat who controlled this area. Some of the burials in this region (Voznesenka, etc.) dated from the the end of the 7th century to the first decade of the 8th century, could mark the western frontier of the Khaganate.

The kingdom was destroyed in 965 by Prince Svyatoslav of the Rus, but a small Khazar state might have still existed around Itil until the Mongol-Tatar invasion of Russia. To some, the Caspian Sea remained called the 'Khazar Sea' long after Khazaria disappeared.

Itil was the capital of the Khazars and was considered the 'jewel' of the Volga, the white city of Al-Khazar, where all religions cohabited in peace, where each minority was judged according to its own laws. The king (Kagan) possessed a big city that spreads on two banks of the Volga (Itil). They (the Khazars) are all Jewish, wrote the Arab ambassador Ahmed ibn Fadian in 922.

A specialist of the Khazars, Constantin Zuckerman who is the director of the Centre of Byzantine Studies at the College of France, thinks that the Khazars were of partially Israelite ancestry and had, over time, lost elements of their observance of Judaism. Zuckerman also thinks that the earliest that the earliest Khazars were partly of Finno-Ugric origin, like the Hungarians and after coming southwest they assimilated the Barsil people and resettled in the Caspian Sea region. The Khazars did not reach the Tran Caucasus before the 7th century. Jewish exiles had an impact upon Khazaria's governmental system, religion and way of life, and Byzantine-Khazar relations deteriorated after the Khazars converted to Judaism, a religion that the Byzantines did not tolerate.

Zuckerman feels that the real conversion of the Khazars to Judaism took place in the year 861 rather than earlier. The early Rus look to Khazaria for inspiration and designate their king as a Kagan, just like the Khazars. 'The Russians are then the emulators of the Khazars' summarizes Constantin Zuckerman.

A number of reference books are mentioned in this issue and should be of interest to anyone studying the Khazar Nation.

A page is currently under construction, thanks to the information supplied by Kevin Brooks, a noted authority and author of several books and articles on the subject. Kevin Brook's site has references to Khazarian Given names commonly found in Jewish families http://www.khazaria.com/brook.html

There is a khazaria-announce group at Yahoo which makes it easy to participate in e-mail discussions, coordinate events, share photos and other files and more. To learn more about the khazaria-announce group, please visit http://groups.yahoo.com/group/khazaria-announce

Photographs of the Turkic-Jewish bricks from Sarkel fortress containing engravings of Khazarian Turkic Tamgas (tribe symbols) http://www.khazaria.com/images/sarkbric.jpg

Bibliography of Khazar Studies http://www.khazaria.com/khazar-biblio/toc.html

Informational link - There are Regional Special Interest Groups that have Khazaria information and links. The site includes links to Bohemia-Moravia SIG, Denmark SIG, German-Jewish SIG, Hungary SIG and Stammbaum - German SIG at http://www.jewishgen.org/Shtetlinks/W_Europe.html

"Jews of Khazaria: Book Review" http://members.aol.com/rechtman/index.html

This book, along with over 180 other books on countries and subjects of possible interest to you is available by clicking here > Jewish Genealogy

Khazarian Historic Maps - maps of the Khazar Kingdom from 300 C.E. to 1000 C.E. http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Sparta/3976/

Other sites of interest in studying Khazars http://www.da.aaanet.ru/exped/exped_en_fr.htm

"The Wind of the Khazars" - authored by Marek Halter and translated from French by Michael Bernard. Published by The Toby Press. This historical novel tells two stories. One in the present, is about a writer named Marc Sofer who is researching the Khazars and the second story is based on a true incident that took place toward the end of the kingdom in the years around 955.

WJC: Jews in Russia Homepage of the Institute for Jewish Studies in CIS Jewish Heritage Society, Moscow Association of Jewish Studies Students, Moscow center for University Teaching of Jewish Civilization "Sefer" Russian Jewish Congress ... and so much more http://www.khazaria.com/jewishlinks.html--Awarenstuermer 17:33, 2 октября 2006 (UTC)

Ссылка

Убрал первую ссылку, потому что книга Л.Н. Гумилева это не то произведение, из которого можно составить правильное впечатление о хазарах.--Fred 12:01, 6 мая 2007 (UTC)

Участнику Аврааму

По поводу Вашей правки есть возражение: не известно, какая именно часть хазар перешла в иудаизм. Уверенности, что его исповедовало большинство - нет. С уважением, --Fred 04:43, 14 июля 2007 (UTC)